Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
  • C07K7/64—Cyclic peptides containing only normal peptide links
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
  • A61P1/04—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
  • A61P13/12—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the kidneys
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
  • A61P17/06—Antipsoriatics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
  • A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
  • A61P19/08—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
  • A61P19/10—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease for osteoporosis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
  • A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
  • A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
  • A61P27/06—Antiglaucoma agents or miotics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
  • A61P35/04—Antineoplastic agents specific for metastasis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
  • A61P7/02—Antithrombotic agents; Anticoagulants; Platelet aggregation inhibitors
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
  • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides

Definitions

• the invention relates to novel cyclopeptides of the formula I
• D and E in each case independently of one another are Gly, Ala, ⁇ -Ala, Asn, Asp, Asp(OR), Arg, Cha, Cys, Gln, Glu, His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Lys(Ac), Lys(AcNH 2 ), Lys(AcSH), Met, Nal, Nle, Orn, Phe, 4-Hal-Phe, homo-Phe, Phg, Pro, Pya, Ser, Thr, Tia, Tic, Trp, Tyr or Val, which amino acid residues can also be derivatized,
• R is alkyl having 1-18 carbon atoms
• Hal is F, Cl, Br, I,
• Ac is alkanoyl having 1-10 carbon atoms, aroyl having 7-11 carbon atoms or aralkanoyl having 8-12 carbon atoms,
• n denotes no substituent or is an alkyl radical R, benzyl or an aralkyl radical having 7-18 carbon atoms on the alpha-amino function of the relevant amino acid residue, with the proviso that at least one amino acid residue has a substituent n and that, where residues of optically active amino acids and amino acid derivatives are involved, both the D and the L forms are included, and also their physiologically acceptable salts.
• An object of the invention was to discover novel compounds having valuable properties, especially those which can be used for the production of medicaments, in analogy to the compounds in EP 0406 428 and FEBS Lett. 291, pp. 50-54.
• the compounds of the formula I and their salts possess very valuable properties.
• they act as integrin inhibitors, in which context they inhibit in particular the interactions of ⁇ 3 - or ⁇ 5 -integrin receptors with ligands.
• the compounds are particularly active in the case of the integrins a V ⁇ 3 , a V ⁇ 5 and a II ⁇ 3 , but also relative to a V ⁇ 1 -, a V ⁇ 6 - and a V ⁇ 8 receptors.
• These actions can be demonstrated, for example, according to the method described by J. W. Smith et al. in J. Biol. Chem. 265, 12267-12271 (1990).
• the compounds possess anti-inflammatory effects.
• the compounds are able to inhibit the binding of metalloproteinases to integrines and therefore interfere with the cells' use of the enzymatic activity of the proteinases. This is for example described by the inhibition of the binding from matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) to the vitronetation receptor ⁇ V ⁇ 3 by a cyclic RGD peptide in Cell 85, 683-693 (1996) by P. C. Brooks et al.
• MMP-2 matrix metalloproteinase-2
• microaggregates microthrombi
• the propagation of tumor cells from a local tumor into the vascular system takes place via the formation of microaggregates (microthrombi) by interaction of the tumor cells with blood platelets.
• the tumor cells are screened by the protection afforded in the microaggregates, and are not recognized by the cells of the immune system.
• the microaggregates are able to settle on vessel walls, facilitating the further penetration of tumor cells into the tissue. Since the formation of the microthrombi is mediated by binding of fibrinogen to the fibrinogen receptors on activated blood platelets, the GPIIa/IIIb antagonists can be regarded as effective inhibitors of metastasis.
• the compounds of the formula I can also be employed as antimicrobial substances in the case of operations where biomaterials, implants, catheters or pacemakers are employed. In this context they have an antiseptic action.
• the effectiveness of the antimicrobial activity can be demonstrated by the method described by P. Valentin-Weigund et al., in Infection and Immunity, 2851-2855 (1988).
• the compounds of the formula I constitute inhibitors of fibrinogen binding and thus ligands of the fibrinogen receptors on blood platelets, they can be used in vivo in the vascular system as diagnostic agents for the detection and location of thrombi, provided that they are substituted by a isotope-marked or UV-detectable radical.
• picture-producing methods it is possible to detect and localize tumors in an organism (tumor imaging, PET).
• the compounds of the formula I as inhibitors of fibrinogen binding, can also be used as effective aids in studying the metabolism of blood platelets in different activation stages or of intracellular signal mechanisms of the fibrinogen receptor.
• the detectable unit of an incorporated label for example biotinyl, after binding to the receptor, enables said mechanisms to be investigated.
• the compounds therefore have the property of inhibiting the binding of natural or synthetic ligands to integrins, especially the integrins ⁇ V ⁇ 3 , ⁇ V ⁇ 5 and ⁇ IIb ⁇ 3 , but also of ⁇ V ⁇ 1 , ⁇ V ⁇ 6 and ⁇ V ⁇ 8 .
• N-alkylation of one or more peptide linkages brings about metabolic stabilization and increased fat-solubility.
• N-alkyl cannot be an H donor for C ⁇ O, the capacity to penetrate membranes is improved, so that it is possible to obtain increased oral absorbability; moreover, increased plasma protein binding may occur.
• the N-alkylation of the peptide linkage increases the inhibitory potency of the compounds and raises the selectivity of the inhibition in respect of specific integrins.
• the selectivity can be influenced in particular by the position and number of the N-alkyl groups.
• the compounds can be employed as pharmaceutically active principles in human and veterinary medicine, in particular for the prophylaxis and treatment of disorders of the circulation, thrombosis, cardiac infarction, arteriosclerosis, inflammations, apoplexy, angina pectoris, tumor disorders, osteolytic disorders, especially osteoporosis, angiogenesis and disorders resulting from angiogenesis, for example diabetic retinopathy of the eye, macular degeneration, myopia, ocular histoplasmosis, rheumatic arthritis, osteoarthritis, rubeotic glaucoma, and also ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis and restenosis following angioplasty.
• the compounds may additionally be used to improve and support wound healing processes in the case of microbial infections and in acute renal failure.
• amino acids can occur in a number of enantiomeric forms, then all of these forms and also their mixtures (e.g. the DL forms) are included above and below, for example as constituents of the compounds of the formula I.
• the amino acids for example as a constituent of compounds to the formula I, can also be provided with appropriate protecting groups which are known per se.
• the invention also includes those peptides whose amino acid residues are fully or partially derivatized.
• derivatized is to be understood such that so-called “prodrugs", for example N-guanidino-acylderivatives of Arg, ⁇ -esters of Asp, N ⁇ -alkanoyl, N ⁇ -aminoalkanoyl and N ⁇ -mercaptoalkanoyl derivatives of lysine, to name but a few, are also included.
• the amino acid residues can in part be C-alpha-alkylated or, for example for diagnostic purposes, can be isotope-labeled.
• the invention additionally relates to a process for the preparation of a compound of the formula I according to claim 1 or one of its salts, characterized in that it is liberated from one of its functional derivatives by treatment with a solvolysing or hydrogenolyzing agent or in that a peptide of the formula II
• a reactive derivative of such a peptide is treated with a cyclizing agent, or in that a cyclopeptide which corresponds per se to the formula I but which has one or more free amino groups, acid groups and/or activated a carbon atoms is derivatized by alkylation, acylation or esterification.
• radicals D, E and n have the meanings given in the case of the formulae I and II unless expressly stated otherwise.
• the letters used for the respective radicals have nothing to do with the single-letter code for amino acids.
• alkyl is preferably methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl or tert-butyl.
• the group D is preferably Phe, also preferably D-Phe, but also 4-Hal-Phe, especially 4-I-Phe and Trp, Tyr, homo-Phe, Nal or Phg, the D forms also being equally preferred.
• E is preferably a hydrophobic amino acid residue, especially Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Nle or Ile.
• the variable n is preferably N-methyl-, N-ethyl-, N-propyl-, N-benzyl- or N-isopropyl- substituted ⁇ -amino groups in the peptide, it being possible for two or more amino acid residues to be N-substituted by identical or different alkyl radicals.
• the invention relates in particular to those compounds of the formula I in which at least one of the radicals mentioned has one of the above-mentioned preferred meanings.
• a preferred group of compounds can be expressed by the subformula Ia, which otherwise corresponds to the formula I but in which
• D is D-Phe, Phe, D-Trp, Trp, D-Tyr, Tyr, D-homoPhe, homoPhe, D-Nal, Nal, D-Phg, Phg or 4-Hal-Phe (D or L form), and
• E is Val, Gly, Ala, Leu, Ile or Nle.
• E is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile or Nle,
• amino acid residues Arg, Gly or Asp has an alkyl substituent on the ⁇ -amino group.
• a further preferred group of compounds can be expressed by the subformula Ic, which corresponds to the subformulae Ia and Ib and to the formula I but in which one of the amino acid residues D or E is alkylated on the ⁇ -amino group.
• the starting substances can also be formed in situ, so that they are not isolated from the reaction mixture but are immediately reacted further to give the compounds of the formula I.
• the compounds of the formula I can be obtained by liberating them from their functional derivatives by solvolysis, in particular hydrolysis, or by hydrogenolysis.
• Preferred starting materials for the solvolysis or hydrogenolysis are those which contain appropriate protected amino and/or hydroxyl groups instead of one or more free amino and/or hydroxyl groups, preferably those which carry an amino protecting group instead of a hydrogen atom which is attached to a nitrogen atom, examples being those which correspond to the formula I but which, instead of an NH 2 group, contain an NHR' group (where R' is an amino protecting group, e.g. BOC or CBZ).
• amino protecting group is generally known and relates to groups which are suitable for protecting (for blocking) an amino group from chemical reactions but which are readily removable after the desired chemical reaction has been carried out at other positions of the molecule.
• Typical of such groups are, in particular, unsubstituted or substituted acyl, aryl, aralkoxymethyl or arakyl groups. Since the amino protecting groups are removed after the desired reaction (or reaction sequence), their nature and size is otherwise not critical; however, preference is given to those having 1-20, in particular 1-8, carbon atoms.
• acyl group is to be interpreted in its widest sense in connection with the present process.
• acyl groups derived from aliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic carboxylic acids or sulfonic acids and, in particular, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl and, above all, aralkoxycarbonyl groups.
• acyl groups are alkanoyl such as acetyl, propionyl, butyryl; aralkanoyl such as phenylacetyl; aroyl such as benzoyl or toluoyl; aryloxyalkanoyl such as POA; alkoxycarbonyl such as methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, 2,2,2-trichlorethoxy-carbonyl, BOC, 2-iodoethoxycarbonyl; aralkyloxycarbonyl such as CBZ ("carbobenzoxy”), 4-methoxybenzyloxy-carbonyl, FMOC; and arylsulfonyl such as Mtr.
• Preferred amino protecting groups are BOC and Mtr, and also CBZ, Fmoc, benzyl and acetyl.
• hydroxyl protecting group is also generally known and relates to groups which are suitable for protecting a hydroxyl group from chemical reactions but which are readily removable after the desired chemical reaction has been carried out at other positions of the molecule. Typical of such groups are the above-mentioned unsubstituted or substituted aryl, aralkyl or acyl groups, and also alkyl groups.
• the nature and size of the hydroxyl protecting groups is not critical, since they are removed again after the desired chemical reaction or reaction sequence; preference is given to groups having 1-20, especially 1-10, carbon atoms.
• hydroxyl protecting groups include benzyl, p-nitrobenzoyl, p-toluenesulfonyl, tert-butyl and acetyl, with particular preference being given to benzyl and tert-butyl.
• the COOH groups in aspartic acid and glutamic acid are preferably protected in the form of their tert-butyl esters (e.g. Asp(OBut)).
• the functional derivatives of the compounds of the Formula I which are to be used as starting materials can be prepared by customary methods of amino acid and peptide synthesis, as are described, for example, in the patent applications and standard works mentioned, including for example by the solid-phase method according to Merrifield (B. F. Gysin and R. B. Merrifield, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 94, 3102 ff. (1972)).
• the liberation of the compounds of the formula I from their functional derivatives is carried out--depending on the protecting group used--with, for example, strong acids, expediently with TFA or perchloric acid, but also with other strong inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, strong organic carboxylic acids, such as trichloroacetic acid, or sulfonic acids such as benzene- or p-toluenesulfonic acid.
• strong acids expediently with TFA or perchloric acid
• other strong inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid
• strong organic carboxylic acids such as trichloroacetic acid
• sulfonic acids such as benzene- or p-toluenesulfonic acid.
• the presence of an additional inert solvent is possible but not always necessary.
• Suitable inert solvents are preferably organic, for example carboxylic, acids such as acetic acid, ether such as tetrahydrofuran or dioxane, amides such as DMF, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, and also alcohols such as methanol, ethanol or isopropanol, and water. Also suitable are mixtures of the above-mentioned solvents. TFA is preferably used in excess without the addition of a further solvent, perchloric acid is preferably used in the form of a mixture of acetic acid and 70% perchloric acid in a ratio of 9:1.
• the reaction temperatures for the cleavage are expediently between about 0 and about 50°; it is preferably carried out between 15 and 30° (room temperature).
• the groups BOC, OBut and Mtr can be removed, for example, preferably using TFA in dichloromethane or with about 3 to 5 N HCl in dioxane at 15-30°, while the FMOC group can be eliminated with an approximately 5 to 50% solution of dimethylamine, diethylamine or piperidine in DMF at 15-30°.
• Protecting groups which can be removed by hydrogenolysis can be eliminated, for example, by treatment with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst (e.g. a noble metal catalyst such as palladium, preferably on a support such as charcoal).
• a catalyst e.g. a noble metal catalyst such as palladium, preferably on a support such as charcoal.
• Suitable solvents in this context are those mentioned above, especially, for example, alcohols such as methanol or ethanol or amides such as DMF.
• the hydrogenolysis is carried out, as a rule, at temperatures between about 0 and 100° and at pressures of between about 1 and 200 bar, preferably at 20-30° and 1-10 bar. Hydrogenolysis of the CBZ group, for example, takes place readily on 5 to 10% Pd-C in methanol or using ammonium formate (instead of H 2 ) on Pd-C in methanol/DMF at 20-30°.
• the reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of a dehydrating agent, for example a carbodiimide such as DCCI or EDCI, and additionally propane phosphonic anhydride (cf. Angew. Chem. 92, 129 (1980)), diphenylphosphoryl azide or 2-ethoxy-N-ethoxycarbonyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline, in an inert solvent, for example a halogenated hydrocarbon such as dichloromethane, an ether such as tetrahydrofuran or dioxane, an amide such as DMF or dimethylacetamide, a nitrile such as acetonitrile, or in mixtures of these solvents, at temperatures between about -10 and 40°, preferably between 0 and 30°.
• a dehydrating agent for example a carbodiimide such as DCCI or EDCI
• propane phosphonic anhydride cf. Angew. Chem. 92, 129 (1980)
• suitable reactive derivatives of these substances can also be employed in the reaction, for example those in which reactive groups are intermediately blocked by protecting groups.
• the amino acid derivatives II can be used, for example, in the form of their activated esters which are expediently formed in situ, for example by addition of HOBt or N-hydroxysuccinimide.
• the starting materials of the formula II are novel. They can be prepared by known methods, for example the above-mentioned methods of peptide synthesis and of elimination of protecting groups.
• protected pentapeptide esters of the formula R'--Z--OR for example BOC--Z--OMe or BOC--Z--OEt
• R'--Z--OR for example BOC--Z--OMe or BOC--Z--OEt
• acids of the formula R'--Z--OH for example BOC--Z--OH
• the protecting group R' is eliminated from these acids to give the free peptides of the formula H--Z--OH (II).
• a base of the formula I can be converted into the associated acid addition salt using an acid.
• Suitable acids for this reaction are, in particular, those which yield physiologically acceptable salts.
• inorganic acids can be used, examples being sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrohalic acids such as hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid such as orthophosphoric acid, sulfamic acid, and also organic acids, especially aliphatic, alicyclic, araliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic mono- or polybasic carboxylic, sulfonic or sulfuric acids, for example formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, pivalic acid, diethylacetic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, pimelic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, 2- or 3-phenylpropionic acid, citric acid, gluconic acid, ascorbic acid, nicotinic acid,
• an acid of the formula I can be converted into one of its physiologically acceptable metal or ammonium salts by reaction with a base.
• Particularly suitable salts in this context are the sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and ammonium salts, and also substituted ammonium salts, for example the dimethyl-, diethyl- or diisopropylammonium salts, monoethanol-, diethanol- or triethanolammonium salts, cyclohexylammonium salts, dicyclohexylammonium salts, dibenzylethylenediammonium salts, and also, for example, salts with N-methyl-D-glucamine or with arginine or lysine.
• novel compounds of the formula I and their physiologically acceptable salts can be used for the production of pharmaceutical preparations by bringing them into a suitable dosage form together with at least one excipient or auxiliary and, if desired, together with one or more other active principles.
• the preparations thus obtained can be employed as medicaments in human or veterinary medicine.
• Suitable excipient substances are organic or inorganic substances which are suitable for enteral (e.g. oral or rectal), parenteral (e.g. intrevenous injection) or local (e.g.
• topical, dermal, ophthalmic or nasal) administration or for administration in the form of an inhalation spray and which do not react with the novel compounds examples being water or aqueous isotonic saline solution, lower alcohols, vegetable oils, benzyl alcohols, polyethylene glycols, glycerol triacetate and other fatty acid glycerides, gelatine, soya lecithin, carbohydrates such as lactose or starch, magnesium stearate, talc, cellulose and petroleum jelly.
• plain tablets, coated tablets, capsules, syrups, juices or drops are particularly useful; coated tablets and capsules having enteric coatings or capsule shells are especially of interest.
• Suppositories are used for rectal administration, solutions for parenteral administration, preferably oily or aqueous solutions, and also suspensions, emulsions or implants.
• forms suitable for topical application are solutions, which can be used in the form of eye drops, and also, for example, suspensions, emulsions, creams, ointments or compresses.
• sprays which contain the active principle either dissolved or suspended in a propellant gas or propellant gas mixture (e.g. CO 2 or fluorochlorohydrocarbon substitutes).
• the active principle is expediently used in micronized form, with the presence of one or more additional, physiologically compatible solvents, such as ethanol, being possible.
• Inhalation solutions can be administered with the aid of customary inhalers.
• the novel compounds can also be lyophilized and the resulting lypholisates used, for example, for producing injection preparations.
• the injections can be given as a bolus or in the form of a continuous infusion (for example intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous or intrathecal).
• the preparations stated can be sterilized and/or can comprise auxiliaries such as preservatives, stabilizers and/or wetting agents, emulsifiers, salts for influencing the osmotic pressure, buffer substances, colorants and/or flavorings. If desired they can also contain one or more other active ingredients, including for example one or more vitamins.
• the substances according to the invention can be administered in analogy to other known, commercially available peptides, but in particular in analogy to the compounds described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,472,305, preferably in dosages of between about 0.05 and 500 mg, in particular between 0.5 and 100 mg, per dosage unit.
• the daily dose is preferably between about 0.01 and 2 mg/kg of body weight.
• the specific dose for each particular patient depends, however, on a wide variety of factors, for example, the activity of the specific compound employed, the age, body weight, general condition of health, gender, the diet, time and route of administration, rate of excretion, combination of medicaments and severity of the particular disease to which the therapy is applied. Parenteral administration is preferred.
• a compound of the present invention wherein an Arg or DArg is replaced by an Orn or DOrn may be used as a precursor for the synthesis of peptides belonging to this invention because it is possible to transfer an Orn by reaction with guanidine into an Arg. Especially this method is suitable to introduce 11 C or 14 C isotopes into the peptides in order to yield radioactive labeled Arg peptides.
• novel compounds of the formula I can be used as integrin ligands for the production of columns for affinity chromatography for the preparation of integrins in pure form.
• the ligand i.e. a peptide derivative of the formula I, is covalently coupled to a polymeric support via anchor functions.
• Suitable polymeric support materials are the polymeric solid faces known in peptide chemistry, preferably having hydrophilic properties, for example crosslinked polysugars, such as cellulose, Sepharose or Sephadex®, acrylamides, polymers based on polyethylene glycol or Tentakel® polymers.
• Suitable anchor functions which are linked to the polymeric supports are preferably linear alkylene chains having 2-12 carbon atoms, which are bonded directly to the polymer at one end and have a functional group, for example hydroxyl, amino, mercapto, maleimido or --COOH at the other end and are suitable for linking to the C- or N-terminal section of the respective peptide.
• the peptide it is possible for the peptide to be bonded directly or likewise via a second anchor function to the anchor of the polymer. It is also possible for peptides containing amino acid residues having functionalized side chains to be attached via these chains to the anchor function of the polymer.
• amino acid residues which are a constituent of the peptides of the formula I, can be modified in their side chains such that they are available for anchorage via, for example, SH, OH, NH 2 or COOH groups with the anchor of the polymer.
• unusual amino acids are possible, examples being phenylalanine derivatives which in position 4 of the phenyl ring carry a mercapto, hydroxyl, amino or carboxyalkyl chain, the functional group being located at the end of the chain.
• amino acid residues whose side chain can be used directly as an anchor function are e.g. Lys, Orn, Arg, Dab, Dap, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Ser, Thr, Cys, Cit or Tyr.
• C--terminal anchors can be, for example, --O--C n H 2n --SH--, --O--C n H 2n --OH, --O--C n H 2n --NH 2 , --O--C n H 2n --COOH, --NH--C n H 2n --SH, --NH--C n H 2n --OH, --NH--C n H 2n --NH 2 or --NH--C n H 2n --COO, both n and the alkylene chain being subject to the comments already made in the preceding section.
• the N- and C-terminal anchors can also be used as anchor component for an already functionalized side chain of an amino acid residue.
• Suitable amino acid residues in this case are those such as Lys(CO--C 5 H 10 --NH 2 ), Asp (NH--C 3 H 6 --COOH) or Cys (C 3 H 6 --NH 2 ), the anchor always being attached to the functional group of the side chain.
• the materials for affinity chromatography for purifying integrins are prepared under conditions such as are customary for the condensation of amino acids and are known per se, and have already been outlined in the section for the preparation of the compounds of the formula I.
• customary working up means: water is added if necessary, the mixture is neutralized and subjected to extraction with ether or dichloroethane, the phases are separated, the organic phase is dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated by evaporation and the residue is purified by chromatography on silica gel and/or crystallization.
• RT retention time (minutes).
• Analysis was by HPLC on Lichrosorb® RP select B (7 ⁇ m)-250 ⁇ 4 mm column, Eluent A: 0.3% TFA in water; Eluent B: 0.3% TFA in 2-propanol/water (8:2) gradient 1-99% B in 50 minutes at 1 ml/min flow rate and detection at 215 nm.
• M+ molecular peak in the mass spectrum obtained by the "Fast Atom Bombardment" (FAB) method.
• N-maleimido-(CH 2 ) 5 --CO--NH--(CH 2 ) 3 polymer obtained by condensation of N-maleimido-(CH 2 ) 5 --COOH with H 2 N--(CH 2 ) 3 polymer] is suspended in 10 ml of 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer at a pH of 7, and one equivalent cyclo-(Arg-Gly-Asp-DPhe-NMeLys(CO(CH 2 ) 2 SH) is added at 4°.
• a solution of 100 g of a cyclopeptide of the formula I and 5 g of disodium hydrogen phosphate in 3 1 of double-distilled water is adjusted to a pH of 6.5 with 2 n hydrochloric acid, subjected to sterile filtration, dispensed into injection vials and lyophilized under sterile conditions, and the vials are sealed in a sterile manner.
• Each injection vial contains 5 mg of active principle.
• a mixture of 20 g of active principle of the formula I is melted with 100 g of soya lecithin and 1400 g of cocoa butter, and the mixture is poured into molds and allowed to cool.
• Each suppository contains 20 mg of active principle.
• a solution is prepared from 1 g of active principle of the formula I, 9.38 g of NaH 2 PO 4 ⁇ 2 H 2 O, 28.48 g of Na 2 HPO 4 ⁇ 12 H 2 O and 0.1 g of benzalkonium chloride in 940 ml of double-distilled water. The pH is adjusted to 6.8, the solution is made up to 1 l and is sterilized by irradiation. This solution can be used in the form of eye drops.
• a mixture of 100 g of a cyclopeptide of the formula I, 1 kg of lactose, 600 g of microcrystallized cellulose, 600 g of maize starch, 100 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 80 g of talc and 10 g of magnesium stearate is pressed to give tablets in a customary manner, such that each tablet contains 10 mg of active principle.
• Tablets are pressed as stated in Example E and are then coated in a customary manner with a coating of sucrose, maize starch, talc, tragacanth and colorant.
• Hard gelatin capsules are filled in a customary manner with an active principle of the formula I such that each capsule contains 5 mg of active principle.
• 14 g of active principle of the formula I are dissolved in 10 l of isotonic NaCl solution, and the solution is used to fill commercially available spray canisters having a pump mechanism.
• the solution can be sprayed into the mouth or nose.
• One spray burst (about 0.1 ml) corresponds to a dose of about 0.14 mg.

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