US5580119A - Door for automotive vehicles - Google Patents

Door for automotive vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
US5580119A
US5580119A US08/384,891 US38489195A US5580119A US 5580119 A US5580119 A US 5580119A US 38489195 A US38489195 A US 38489195A US 5580119 A US5580119 A US 5580119A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
door
pad
main body
door pad
trim
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US08/384,891
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Katsuyoshi Uchida
Kimie Matano
Hidetoshi Sokusai
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nissan Motor Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Nissan Motor Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nissan Motor Co Ltd filed Critical Nissan Motor Co Ltd
Assigned to NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. reassignment NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MATANO, KIMIE, SOKUSAI, HIDETOSHI, UCHIDA, KATSUYOSHI
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US5580119A publication Critical patent/US5580119A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J5/00—Doors
    • B60J5/04—Doors arranged at the vehicle sides
    • B60J5/042—Reinforcement elements
    • B60J5/0422—Elongated type elements, e.g. beams, cables, belts or wires
    • B60J5/0423—Elongated type elements, e.g. beams, cables, belts or wires characterised by position in the lower door structure
    • B60J5/0425—Elongated type elements, e.g. beams, cables, belts or wires characterised by position in the lower door structure the elements being arranged essentially horizontal in the centre of the lower door structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J5/00—Doors
    • B60J5/04—Doors arranged at the vehicle sides
    • B60J5/042—Reinforcement elements
    • B60J5/0451—Block or short strip-type elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J5/00—Doors
    • B60J5/04—Doors arranged at the vehicle sides
    • B60J5/042—Reinforcement elements
    • B60J5/0452—Reinforcement elements including foams or expanded materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J5/00—Doors
    • B60J5/04—Doors arranged at the vehicle sides
    • B60J5/042—Reinforcement elements
    • B60J5/0456—Behaviour during impact
    • B60J5/0461—Behaviour during impact characterised by a pre-defined mode of deformation or displacement in order to absorb impact
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B60R21/04—Padded linings for the vehicle interior ; Energy absorbing structures associated with padded or non-padded linings
    • B60R21/0428—Padded linings for the vehicle interior ; Energy absorbing structures associated with padded or non-padded linings associated with the side doors or panels, e.g. displaced towards the occupants in case of a side collision

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a door for automotive vehicles.
  • an object of the present invention to provide a door for automotive vehicles which contributes to an increase in the absorbable energy amount without increasing the thickness of a panel.
  • a door for an automotive vehicle the automotive vehicle having a vehicle room and a seat occupant, comprising:
  • a door main body including an outer panel and an inner panel
  • a guard bar arranged in said door main body in said longitudinal direction thereof;
  • a door pad arranged in said door main body in a position corresponding to the seat, said door pad having front, rear, upper and lower ends, said lower end of said door pad being inserted into a groove of a bottom of said door main body;
  • a mounting lug arranged to said door pad at an upper end thereof, said mounting lug being mounted to said guard bar;
  • said opening defining means having a front edge positioned ahead of said front end of said door pad, a rear edge positioned behind said rear end of said door pad as viewed in the longitudinal direction, and an upper edge positioned above said upper end of said door pad.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of a preferred embodiment of a door for automotive vehicles according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line II--II in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2, showing a mounting lug of a door pad broken;
  • FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3, showing the door pad and trim pad crushed;
  • FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 1, showing a conventional door for automotive vehicles
  • FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 4, taken along the line VI--VI in FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 6, showing the door pad crushed.
  • a door designated generally by reference numeral 1, comprises a door main body 2, a door trim 3, and a door glass 4.
  • the door main body 2 is constructed by an outer panel 5 and an inner panel 6, and has a guard bar 7 arranged therein in the longitudinal direction or the direction of arrow Y in FIG. 5.
  • a pair of brackets 8 is arranged to the guard bar 7 in a position corresponding to a waist of a seat occupant M.
  • a door pad of foam resin 9 is arranged in the door main body 2, and serves as a cushion member when the door main body 2 undergoes an external force F from the outside as shown in FIG. 7.
  • a mounting lug 10 Formed with the door pad 9 at an upper end 9a thereof is a mounting lug 10 having small thickness and the same width as the door pad 9, and mounted to the brackets 8 by bolts 11 and nuts 12.
  • a lower end 9b of the door pad 9 is inserted into a groove 13 of a bottom of the door main body 2.
  • the work opening 25 is used when cabling a lock knob rod 28 and a bell crank 29 to connect an inside handle 26 with a door lock 27.
  • the work opening 16 is arranged for the door pad 9, and has substantially a rectangular shape.
  • a front edge 16a of the work opening 16 is positioned ahead of a corresponding front end of the door pad 9, whereas a rear edge 16b of the work opening 16 is positioned behind a corresponding rear end of the door pad 9.
  • an upper edge 16c of the work opening 16 is positioned below an upper end 9a of the door pad 9, whereas a lower edge 16d of the work opening 16 is positioned above a lower end 9b of the door pad 9.
  • the door trim 3 is mounted to the inner panel 6 on the side of a vehicle room R, and a trim pad 17 having a shape substantially conforming to the work opening 16 is mounted to the door trim 3 in a position corresponding to the work opening 16.
  • the door pad 9 is deformed within the range of a door pad deformation margin B which corresponds to the thickness of the door pad 5, further absorbing energy of the external force F. Since the door pad 9 as deformed is pressed against the trim pad 17, the latter is also deformed in some degree, which contributes to absorption of energy of the external force F. In such a way, deformation of the outer panel 5 within the range of the door deformation margin A 1 , deformation of the door pad 9 within the range of the door pad deformation margin B, and deformation of the trim pad 17 in some degree contribute to absorption of energy of the external force F, resulting in a decrease in harmful effect on the seat occupant M.
  • such conventional door for automotive vehicles is constructed so that the door pad 9 pushed by the outer panel 5 comes in contact with the inner panel 6 so as not to move on the side of the vehicle room R, having limited door deformation margin A 1 as well as limited absorbable energy amount.
  • An increase in the absorbable energy amount is possible by setting a position of the inner panel 6 nearer to the vehicle room R, whereas an increase in the door deformation margin A 1 is possible by enlarging the width of the door main body 2, which is unpreferable, however, since a space of the vehicle room R is decreased.
  • the trim pad 17 contacts the door pad 9, the trim pad 17 can be deformed in accordance with a part of the door pad 9 which bends and enters the work opening 16, however, it cannot be expected that the trim pad 17 produces sufficient deformation due to the fact that the door pad 9 comes in contact with the inner panel 5 so as to restrict a further movement thereof as described above.
  • the inner panel 6 has increased thickness for ensuring the strength thereof.
  • FIGS. 1-4 the preferred embodiment of a door for automotive vehicles will be described.
  • the general structure of this door is substantially similar to the conventional one.
  • a mounting lug 20 having a relatively long size is formed with a door pad 19 at an upper end 19a thereof so as to protrude upward, and mounted to a bracket 8 of a guard bar 7.
  • the mounting lug 20 has small thickness, and thus can be broken easily.
  • a door pad 19 is inserted into a groove 13 of a bottom of a door main body 2, and has a lower end 19b having both sides on which a pair of protrusions 21 is arranged.
  • the protrusions 21 are in contact with an inner surface of the groove 13, ensuring stabilization of the lower end 19b of the door pad 19 in the groove 13.
  • a work opening 23 formed through an inner panel 22 of the door main body 2 is large in size, and has an upper edge 23c positioned above the guard bar 7. Since an upper portion of the work opening 23 can be used when carrying out a cabling work of a lock knob rod 28 and a bell crank 29, this embodiment has no work opening exclusive to the lock knob rod 28, which is conventionally arranged.
  • a front edge 23a of the work opening 23 is positioned ahead of a corresponding front end of the door pad 19, a rear edge 23b of the work opening 23 is positioned behind a corresponding rear end of the door pad 19, and a lower edge 23d of the work opening 23 is positioned above the lower end 19b of the door pad 19.
  • the door pad 19 is continuously pushed by the outer panel 5 on the side of the vehicle room R, coming in close contact with a trim pad 17.
  • the displacement of the outer panel 5 until the door pad 19 comes into close contact with the trim pad 17 corresponds to a door deformation margin A 2 in this embodiment.
  • the door deformation margin A 2 is substantially enlarged as compared with the conventional door deformation margin A 1 . Accordingly, energy of the external force F can fully be absorbed during the dispacement of the outer panel 5 within the range of the door deformation margin A 2 .
  • the outer panel 5 crushes the door pad 19 and the trim pad 17 together as shown in FIG. 4, further absorbing energy of the external force F.
  • This crush is relevant to not only the door pad deformation margin B corresponding to the thickness of the door pad 19, but the trim pad deformation margin C corresponding to the thickness of the trim pad 19, resulting in excellent energy absorption. It is to be noted that in FIG. 4, the position of the outer panel 5 indicated by the imaginary line or two-dot chain line shows that one when starting to crush the door pad 19.
  • the door deformation margin A 2 and the trim pad deformation margin C can be enlarged, resulting in a decrease in harmful effect on the seat occupant M.
  • brackets 8 are arranged to the guard bar 7, alternatively, one or three or more brackets 8 may be arranged thereto.
  • the door pad 19 may directly be mounted to the guard bar 7 without arranging any bracket 8.
  • the mounting lug 20 has small thickness, and the same width as the door pad 19.
  • the mounting lug 20 may be thick if forming of recesses or the like makes it easy to break.
  • the width there is no need to have the same width as the door pad 19, and a plurality of narrow mounting lugs 20 may be arranged to correspond to the number of the brackets 8.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
US08/384,891 1994-02-25 1995-02-07 Door for automotive vehicles Expired - Lifetime US5580119A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP02818594A JP3185838B2 (ja) 1994-02-25 1994-02-25 車両のドア構造
JP6-028185 1994-02-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US5580119A true US5580119A (en) 1996-12-03

Family

ID=12241649

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US08/384,891 Expired - Lifetime US5580119A (en) 1994-02-25 1995-02-07 Door for automotive vehicles

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US5580119A (ja)
JP (1) JP3185838B2 (ja)

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5740993A (en) * 1994-04-15 1998-04-21 Steyr-Daimler-Puch Ag Vehicle door with separable collision protector
EP0902143A2 (en) * 1997-09-10 1999-03-17 Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Locking mechanism of door locking apparatus for motor vehicle
US5904002A (en) * 1996-05-31 1999-05-18 Lear Corporation Motor vehicle door module
US5934743A (en) * 1996-04-20 1999-08-10 Daimler-Benz Ag Impact absorbing outer body structure of a motor vehicle
EP1029726A1 (fr) * 1999-02-17 2000-08-23 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA Agencement de renfort de porte pour véhicule automobile
US6164716A (en) * 1998-12-18 2000-12-26 Daimlerchrysler Corporation Energy dissipating body panel assembly
US6183038B1 (en) * 1999-03-11 2001-02-06 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Door trim assembly and method of making same
US20010028131A1 (en) * 1999-12-30 2001-10-11 Brodi James Joseph Method of making an interior trim panel
US6422640B2 (en) 1999-12-30 2002-07-23 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Door trim panel assembly and method of making
US6474721B2 (en) * 2000-02-29 2002-11-05 Mazda Motor Corporation Vehicle door
US6672648B2 (en) * 2000-06-29 2004-01-06 Faurecia Industries Impact energy absorbing device for motor vehicle door
US6688671B2 (en) * 2001-06-11 2004-02-10 Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Impact absorption device
US6723263B2 (en) 2001-09-25 2004-04-20 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and method of making interior trim panel
GB2405618A (en) * 2003-09-05 2005-03-09 Ford Global Tech Llc Side impact assembly for a motor vehicle door
US20060033357A1 (en) * 2004-08-11 2006-02-16 Karuppaswamy Senthil N Impact beam-integrated pelvic pusher
US7041193B2 (en) * 2003-05-14 2006-05-09 L & L Products, Inc. Method of adhering members and an assembly formed thereby
US20070013206A1 (en) * 2005-07-13 2007-01-18 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Occupant safety device
US20080164716A1 (en) * 2007-01-08 2008-07-10 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Energy transfer beam for automotive side door
FR2923754A1 (fr) 2007-11-19 2009-05-22 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Porte laterale renforcee pour vehicules automobiles
US20090134304A1 (en) * 2007-11-24 2009-05-28 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Fastening system
US20090224571A1 (en) * 2008-03-06 2009-09-10 Benjamin Huttsell Dual Support Pad for a Vehicle Door
US20090284041A1 (en) * 2008-05-13 2009-11-19 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Integral pelvic impact energy-absorbing pre-crush protective construction for vehicle door
US20100109378A1 (en) * 2006-09-19 2010-05-06 Tobias Melz Device for a motor vehicle for protecting vehicle occupants when there is an impact of energy directed at a motor vehicle door due to a collision
CN103906640A (zh) * 2011-11-02 2014-07-02 丰田自动车株式会社 车辆用侧门结构以及乘员保护系统
US9120367B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2015-09-01 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Modular door beam assembly and method of assembly
US20160107693A1 (en) * 2013-07-04 2016-04-21 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Vehicle Body

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6762479B2 (en) 1998-11-06 2004-07-13 International Business Machines Corporation Microwave array transistor for low-noise and high-power applications
JP5487194B2 (ja) * 2011-12-28 2014-05-07 本田技研工業株式会社 車両用ドア
JP6467397B2 (ja) * 2016-12-20 2019-02-13 本田技研工業株式会社 車体側部構造

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1441598A (en) * 1973-11-27 1976-07-07 Ford Motor Co Vehicle side impact protection
JPH0264422A (ja) * 1988-08-31 1990-03-05 Iwasaki Electric Co Ltd 光一周波数変換器
JPH04362415A (ja) * 1991-06-11 1992-12-15 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 自動車用ドア
JPH06191275A (ja) * 1992-11-09 1994-07-12 Mazda Motor Corp 自動車のドア構造
US5395135A (en) * 1992-11-02 1995-03-07 Ford Motor Company Energy absorbing vehicle door and side panels

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1441598A (en) * 1973-11-27 1976-07-07 Ford Motor Co Vehicle side impact protection
JPH0264422A (ja) * 1988-08-31 1990-03-05 Iwasaki Electric Co Ltd 光一周波数変換器
JPH04362415A (ja) * 1991-06-11 1992-12-15 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 自動車用ドア
US5395135A (en) * 1992-11-02 1995-03-07 Ford Motor Company Energy absorbing vehicle door and side panels
JPH06191275A (ja) * 1992-11-09 1994-07-12 Mazda Motor Corp 自動車のドア構造

Cited By (41)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5740993A (en) * 1994-04-15 1998-04-21 Steyr-Daimler-Puch Ag Vehicle door with separable collision protector
US5934743A (en) * 1996-04-20 1999-08-10 Daimler-Benz Ag Impact absorbing outer body structure of a motor vehicle
US20030218356A1 (en) * 1996-05-31 2003-11-27 Lear Corporation Motor vehicle door module
US5904002A (en) * 1996-05-31 1999-05-18 Lear Corporation Motor vehicle door module
US6546674B1 (en) 1996-05-31 2003-04-15 Lear Corporation Vehicle door assembly with a trim panel forming a structural door module component carrier
EP0902143A3 (en) * 1997-09-10 2000-12-27 Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Locking mechanism of door locking apparatus for motor vehicle
EP0902143A2 (en) * 1997-09-10 1999-03-17 Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Locking mechanism of door locking apparatus for motor vehicle
US6164716A (en) * 1998-12-18 2000-12-26 Daimlerchrysler Corporation Energy dissipating body panel assembly
EP1029726A1 (fr) * 1999-02-17 2000-08-23 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA Agencement de renfort de porte pour véhicule automobile
US6183038B1 (en) * 1999-03-11 2001-02-06 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Door trim assembly and method of making same
US6656397B1 (en) 1999-03-11 2003-12-02 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Method of making a door trim assembly
US6838027B2 (en) 1999-12-30 2005-01-04 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Method of making an interior trim panel
US20010028131A1 (en) * 1999-12-30 2001-10-11 Brodi James Joseph Method of making an interior trim panel
US6422640B2 (en) 1999-12-30 2002-07-23 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Door trim panel assembly and method of making
US20050082712A1 (en) * 1999-12-30 2005-04-21 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Method of making an interior trim panel
US6474721B2 (en) * 2000-02-29 2002-11-05 Mazda Motor Corporation Vehicle door
US6672648B2 (en) * 2000-06-29 2004-01-06 Faurecia Industries Impact energy absorbing device for motor vehicle door
US6688671B2 (en) * 2001-06-11 2004-02-10 Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Impact absorption device
US6723263B2 (en) 2001-09-25 2004-04-20 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and method of making interior trim panel
US7041193B2 (en) * 2003-05-14 2006-05-09 L & L Products, Inc. Method of adhering members and an assembly formed thereby
GB2405618A (en) * 2003-09-05 2005-03-09 Ford Global Tech Llc Side impact assembly for a motor vehicle door
GB2405618B (en) * 2003-09-05 2006-08-23 Ford Global Technologies, Llc A pusher assembly for a motor vehicle door
US20060033357A1 (en) * 2004-08-11 2006-02-16 Karuppaswamy Senthil N Impact beam-integrated pelvic pusher
US7014249B2 (en) * 2004-08-11 2006-03-21 General Motors Corporation Impact beam-integrated pelvic pusher
US20070013206A1 (en) * 2005-07-13 2007-01-18 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Occupant safety device
US7341277B2 (en) * 2005-07-13 2008-03-11 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Occupant safety device
US8061763B2 (en) * 2006-09-19 2011-11-22 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Device for a motor vehicle for protecting vehicle occupants when there is an impact of energy directed at a motor vehicle door due to a collision
US20100109378A1 (en) * 2006-09-19 2010-05-06 Tobias Melz Device for a motor vehicle for protecting vehicle occupants when there is an impact of energy directed at a motor vehicle door due to a collision
US20080164716A1 (en) * 2007-01-08 2008-07-10 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Energy transfer beam for automotive side door
US7441826B2 (en) * 2007-01-08 2008-10-28 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Energy transfer beam for automotive side door
FR2923754A1 (fr) 2007-11-19 2009-05-22 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Porte laterale renforcee pour vehicules automobiles
US20090134304A1 (en) * 2007-11-24 2009-05-28 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Fastening system
US20090224571A1 (en) * 2008-03-06 2009-09-10 Benjamin Huttsell Dual Support Pad for a Vehicle Door
US7857375B2 (en) * 2008-03-06 2010-12-28 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Dual support pad for a vehicle door
US20090284041A1 (en) * 2008-05-13 2009-11-19 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Integral pelvic impact energy-absorbing pre-crush protective construction for vehicle door
US8152218B2 (en) * 2008-05-13 2012-04-10 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Integral pelvic impact energy-absorbing pre-crush protective construction for vehicle door
CN103906640A (zh) * 2011-11-02 2014-07-02 丰田自动车株式会社 车辆用侧门结构以及乘员保护系统
US9004529B2 (en) 2011-11-02 2015-04-14 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Vehicle side door structure and passenger protecting system
US9120367B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2015-09-01 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Modular door beam assembly and method of assembly
US20160107693A1 (en) * 2013-07-04 2016-04-21 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Vehicle Body
US9815496B2 (en) * 2013-07-04 2017-11-14 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Vehicle body

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP3185838B2 (ja) 2001-07-11
JPH07232554A (ja) 1995-09-05

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