US3747120A - Arrangement of writing mechanisms for writing on paper with a coloredliquid - Google Patents

Arrangement of writing mechanisms for writing on paper with a coloredliquid Download PDF

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Publication number
US3747120A
US3747120A US00216648A US3747120DA US3747120A US 3747120 A US3747120 A US 3747120A US 00216648 A US00216648 A US 00216648A US 3747120D A US3747120D A US 3747120DA US 3747120 A US3747120 A US 3747120A
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Prior art keywords
writing
arrangement
channel
discharge
liquid
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US00216648A
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N Stemme
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/145—Arrangement thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/14—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
    • B41J2002/14387—Front shooter

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT tion and an inner chamber portion with a channel connecting the outer and inner chamber portions.
  • the inner chamber portion is provided with a device which produces short duration pressure increases in the fluid in the chamber.
  • the outer chamber portion is provided with at least one intake channel for the supply of liquid from a supply container and a discharge channel through which the liquid is discharged for deposition on the surface.
  • the discharge channel and the connecting channel are arranged so that they are axially aligned.
  • One type of writing mechanism is, for example, the so-called impact printer in which hammers print symbols on paper with the aid of printing type or a type head. Impact printers transfer to 50 symbols per second to the writing unit. However, a complicated method is involved with the impact printer in which unnecessarily high energy losses occur.
  • a modification of this writing mechanism is the mosaic writer in which pins and striking tools are used to record a symbol on paper in the form of dots with the aid .of a colored ribbon.
  • An arrangement is also known in which electrodes act on a special heat sensitive paper. However, this paper is expensive.
  • a liquid can be used which is applied in one manner or other to the area to be inscribed.
  • An Example of such a writing mechanism is the Inctronie" writer.
  • This type of writing mechanism utilizes a stream of charged liquid droplets in which the stream is deflected by an'electrical field.
  • a writing mechanism of this type is usually equipped with a great many stream guns and can record about 120 symbols per second; Once again, however, the structure is complicated and requires, inter alia, an arrangement for producing excess pressure. Then too the stream consisting of droplets'cannot be shutoff but must be deflected in a collecting vessel when no writing is to take place.
  • a principal. problem is the occurrence of interference between the different electrical fields.
  • an arrangement having an improved chamber which in one embodiment includes means dividing the chamber into an outer chamber portion, an inner chamber portion, a connecting channel formed in the dividing means for connecting the outer and inner chamber portions, at least one intake channel for the supply of liquid from a supply container which input channel opens into the outer chamber portion, and a discharge channel through which the fluid passes out of the chamber for deposition onto the surface.
  • the discharge channel is adjacent to the outer chamber portion and aligned with the connecting channel, while the inner chamber portion contains or is in direct communication with a pressure producing means which produces preferably short duration pressure in creases in the fluid within the chamber.
  • the cross-sectional areas of the discharge and intake channels of the chamber are selected to be of an order of magnitude such that significant capillary forces are produced in the discharge channel due to the surface tension associated with the flowing fluid.
  • Some of the advantages of the arrangement of the present invention lie, for example, in its extremely low energy consumption, in the order of milliwatts instead of watts, in the relatively small dimensions which are utilized, in the noiseless writing or printing and in the fact that relatively inexpensive paper can be used. Also, the writing speed can be increased by the arrangement of the present invention to more than 1,000 symbols per second which is significantly higher than the speed of the above-mentioned known writing mechanisms.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a writing mechanism according to the present invention in its simplest form.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a writing mechanism according to the present invention with a divided fluid chamber and fluid container.
  • FIG. 3 is a graphic representation of a suitable voltage pulse for activating a piezoelectric crystal contained in the writing mechanism.
  • FIGS. 46 schematically illustrate on an enlarged scale the discharge channel and the connecting channel of the writing mechanism according to the present invention with the fluid at rest, passing through the discharge channel, andpassing through the connecting channel, respectively.
  • FIGS. 7-10 schematically illustrate different states of the fluid during the formation of a droplet from the capillary type discharge channel.
  • FIG. 11 is a plan view of a writing head according to one embodiment of the present invention with seven writing units, with the outer fluid system and partition having been removed for clarity.
  • FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view through the writing head shown in FIG. 11 taken along the line 12-12.
  • FIG. I3 illustrates a line of writing heads in a parallel writer.
  • FIG. I4 illustrates in side elevation one of the writing heads shown in FIG. 13.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates in front elevation one of the writing heads shown in FIG. 13.
  • FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line I6-I6 of FIG. I4.
  • FIG. 17 is a partialcross-sectional view through a special writing element according to the present invention used in a writing head shown in FIG. I4.
  • FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view taken along line l8l8 of FIG. 19 illustrating a writing head having two writing units with discharge channels of different cross-sectional dimensions.
  • FIG. 19 is a plan view of the writing units shown in FIG. 18 with an outer fluid system and a partition having been removed for clarity.
  • FIG. 20 is a plan view of a writing head according to another embodiment of the present invention with seven writing units each having capillary Openings.
  • FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view through the writing head shown in FIG. 20 taken along the line 2l-2l.
  • FIG. 22 illustrates one possible construction of a copying arrangement with a writing head according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a writing unit 1 in its simplest form.
  • the writing unit 1 comprises a fluid chamber 2 pro vided at its one end with a discharge channel 3 and limited at its other end by a thin, circular metal plate 4 which is fastened to the unit 1 in any conventional manner.
  • the fluid chamber 2 has an inlet 5 through which fluid passing through an intake channel 6 flows into the chamber 2.
  • the channel 6 is formed in a plate 6 fitted within a counterbore 6" in the unit I.
  • a piezoelectric crystal 7 is attached to the metal plate 4 in any conventional manner.
  • Conductive wires 8 are provided with one being electrically connected to the metal plate 4 and the other to the exterior of the crystal 7.
  • the wires 8 supply the control pulses to the crystal 7.
  • the cross sectional area of the discharge channel 3 is substantially smaller than the fluid contact area 4' of the metal plate 4. The ratio between these areas lies preferably at l 10,000.
  • the crystal 7 When a suitable voltage pulse is applied, the crystal 7 radially contracts and since it is fastened to the metal plate 4, causes the plate 4 to be subjected to a bending moment. Consequently, the center portion of the plate 4 bulges into the fluid chamber 2. This reduces the volume of the chamber 2 and the pressure of the fluid therein increases. The amount of fluid which can no longer be accommodated in the chamber 2 is discharged through the discharge channel 3 (and to a lesser degree also through the intake channel 6). Since the cross-sectional areas of the channels 6 and 3 are substantially smaller than the contact area 4 of the metal plate 4, there results a substantial increase in the 'rateof' fluid flow through the channels compared to that in the chamber 2, particularly in the discharge channel 3 which opens to the atmosphere.
  • the rate of fluid flow in the discharge channel 3 is preferably about m/s.
  • the applied voltage pulse is kept relatively flat during its return to zero. Through the use of such a voltage pulse the discharged fluid drop will instead be replaced through the inlet channel 6.
  • the writing unit is provided with a two-part fluid chamber, i.e., an outer chamber portion 9 and an inner chamber portion 10 which are in communication through a connecting channel ll which is provided in a dividing plate 11' situated between and forming the separation of the chamber into the chamber'portions 9 and 10.
  • the connecting channel 11 is positioned in the dividing plate 11' so that it is directly opposite and axially aligned with the discharge channel 3 which opens to the air from the outer chamber portion 9.
  • the metal plate 4 is fastened to the wall 10 of the inner chamber portion 10.
  • the distance between the outer end of the connecting channel 11 and the inner end of the discharge channel 3, i.e., the width of outer chamber portion 9, is less or equal to the diameter of the discharge channel 3 which again is less or equal to the diameter of the connecting channel 11.
  • the dividing plate 11 is also provided with at least one and, preferably, as illustrated, a plurality of inlet capillary type channels 12.
  • the inlet channels 12 open into the outer chamber portion 9.
  • the inlet channels 12 are in communication with a fluid container 13 via a pipeline 14.
  • the container 13 may be disposed at a lower level than the discharge channel 3 because of the capillary forces existing in the channels communicating with the chamber portions.
  • FIG. 3 shows a suitably shaped pulse for the voltage to activate the crystal 7.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the fluid condition when the arrangement is at rest prior to the application of a pulse.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the fluid condition when the arrangement is at rest prior to the application of a pulse.
  • the fluid is sucked from a hemispherical area around the connecting channel 11 in such a way that the fluid stream is substantially constant in every spatial sector having the same angle, as is shown in FIG. 6 by the arrows and a circular are shown in dashed lines.
  • FIGS. 7 through 10 show how the fluid behaves outside of the discharge channel 3.
  • FIG. 7 shows the fluid surface before the pressure wave, produced as a result of the activation of the crystal 7, has reached it;
  • FIG. 8 shows the discharge of the fluid due to the pressure wave;
  • FIG. 9 shows the droplet formation and the slight sucking in of the fluid in the channel 3 after the fluid droplet has left the channel and fluid has been sucked into the inner chamber portion and
  • FIG. 10 shows the fluid after it returns to the same position as in FIG. 7.
  • the writing head 15 is provided with seven writing units 15 each having a discharge channel 3.
  • the inner fluid chamber portions 10 are formed by channels in a base plate 16.
  • the construction is simplified in that a common outer fluid chamber portion 17 is provided for a plurality of inner chamber portions 10 each of which is associated with a separate crystal 7.
  • the seven discharge channels 3 are disposed in a row, each opposite and axially alignedwith a respective connecting channel 1 l formedin plate 11', and the writing head 15 is so arranged that this row of channels 3 lies at a right angle to the writing direction (indicated by the arrow A in FIG. 1 l) and in a plane which is parallel to the plane of the writing surface.
  • LSI circuit large scale integration
  • a writing head 20 can be provided for each position in a line.
  • a writing head 20 comprises a special writing element 18.
  • the writing element 18 as shown in FIG. 17 contains connecting channels 11, a common outer fluid chamber portion 17 and discharge channels 3.
  • the connecting channels 11 and discharge channels 3 are arranged in a row (FIG. 15).
  • an inner fluid system isprovided.
  • the inner fluid system comprises five writing units. These writing units are in communication with their respective connecting channels 1 1 in the writing element 18 via narrow channels 21. In order to be able to accomodate the five units in the space allotted to one to the writing surface of the paper 19. Consequently, all
  • the arrangement of the present invention can also be used under different circumstances for producing pictures, for example.
  • an amplitude or width modulation of the voltage pulse fed to the piezoelectric crystal -the discharged amount of fluid can be influenced so that a high picture quality is obtained.
  • one or a plurality of writing units with converging different sized connecting and discharge channels can be used as shown in FIGS. 18 and 19 where the smaller channels are marked 3' and 11', respectively.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the present invention provides for capillary openings which are disposed in the area of the discharge channels. These openings connect the outer chamber with the atmosphere.
  • the capillary openings here serve as an intermediate reservoir for the ink, a portion of this ink being sucked from these capil lary openings for the rapid pressure equalization of the pressure reduction caused by the discharge of an ink droplet. Due to the surface tension of the ink this again effects a stabilization of the ink level. in the capillary openings, ink being sucked from the outer chamber and thus from the reservoir.
  • the sizes of the capillary openings are so selected that the amount of ink contained in the capillary openings is greater than the amount of ink droplets to be ejected. This prevents air from being sucked into the chambers.
  • FIGS. 20 and 21 show a writing head 15 provided with seven writing units each having a discharge channel 3.
  • the seven discharge channels being aligned in a row.
  • the capillary openings here consist of bores 35 and 36 which are disposed on both sides and parallel to the discharge channels 3.
  • the distance of the bores 35 and 36 from the discharge channels 3 is preferably greater than the distance between the discharge channels 3 themselves. It is also possible within the scope of the present invention to replace the bores 35 and 36 aligned in a row by a capillary gap common to all discharge channels 3.
  • a writing head provided according to such a design also permits the ejection of uniform ink droplets at high ejection frequencies.
  • FIG. 22 shows the principal construction of a duplicating device which employs the present invention.
  • the diameter of the discharge channel 3 can have a range up to 0.05 mm, and its length can have a range up to 0.1 mm;
  • the distance between the discharge channel 3 and the connecting channel 11 can have a range up to 0.05 mm; the diameter of the piezoelectric crystal 7 can have a range up to 10 mm, and the thickness of the crystal can have a range up to 0.5 mm.
  • the piezoelectric crystal 7 may be replaced by a magnetic system even though this is a poorer solution of the problem.
  • the metal plate 4 could be replaced by a piston which is displaceable within certain limits and which is provided with means for producing the required pressure changes in the chamber 2.
  • the means for producing the pressure changes may also comprise an element enclosed in a chamber which element expands when it is heated electrically or it may be a heating spiral which directly heats the fluid so that vapor is produced which leads to an increase in pressure.
  • Gas may be produced by electrolysis of the writing fluid with the aid of electrodes enclosed in the container so that a pres sure increase is obtained.
  • the dots in the mosaic script may be moved closer together in that the writing heads are provided with more writing units than described above, e.g., 24 X 24 dots may be provided.
  • the present invention can also be used in other fields than in writing mechanisms; for example, it may be used to apply electrically conductive material, e.g., metal, onto plates in order to produce printed circuits.
  • electrically conductive material e.g., metal
  • an ink ejection writing mechanism comprising at least one liquidapplying'unit including a chamber having an intake channel connected to a liquid supply container, and a discharge channel through which the liquid is discharged from said chamber, and means for producing short duration pressure increases in the liquid in the chamber
  • said chamber includes means dividing said chamber into an outer chamber portion adjacent to said discharge channel and an inner chamber portion, a connecting channel in said dividing means connecting the outer and inner chamber portions, said connecting channel being axially aligned with said discharge chan nel, and at least one said intake channel which opens into said outer chamber portion; and wherein said pres sure producing means is in direct communication with and produces the desired pressure increases in said inner chamber portion.
  • each writing unit further includes capillary openings provided in said unit in the area of said discharge channels, said capillary openings connecting the outer chamber portion withthe atmosphere.
  • capillary openings consist of bores which are disposed on both sides of and parallel to the discharge channels.
  • each writing head includ' ing at least five writing units, each said writing unit including an extension means connecting the inner chamber portion to its connecting channel, wherein the connecting channels are arranged in a row and parallel to one another, said writing units have a common outer liquid chamber portion, and wherein said writing units lie in parallel rows perpendicular to said row of writing heads.
  • An arrangement as defined in claim 2 wherein the arrangement is constituted by a writing head, and wherein said writing head comprises at least three writ ing units with fluid of different colors.

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  • Particle Formation And Scattering Control In Inkjet Printers (AREA)
  • Ink Jet (AREA)
  • Facsimile Heads (AREA)
US00216648A 1971-01-11 1972-01-10 Arrangement of writing mechanisms for writing on paper with a coloredliquid Expired - Lifetime US3747120A (en)

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SE00219/71A SE349676B (pm) 1971-01-11 1971-01-11

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US (1) US3747120A (pm)
JP (1) JPS5345698B1 (pm)
CH (1) CH537757A (pm)
DE (1) DE2164614C3 (pm)
FR (1) FR2122148A5 (pm)
GB (1) GB1356704A (pm)
IT (1) IT944227B (pm)
NL (1) NL174677C (pm)
SE (1) SE349676B (pm)

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Also Published As

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NL7117896A (pm) 1972-07-13
NL174677B (nl) 1984-02-16
GB1356704A (en) 1974-06-12
NL174677C (nl) 1984-07-16
DE2164614B2 (de) 1973-09-27
DE2164614A1 (de) 1972-08-10
IT944227B (it) 1973-04-20
SE349676B (pm) 1972-10-02
FR2122148A5 (pm) 1972-08-25
CH537757A (de) 1973-06-15
JPS5345698B1 (pm) 1978-12-08
DE2164614C3 (de) 1974-04-18

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