US20200362215A1

US20200362215A1 - Refrigeration cycle apparatus

Info

Publication number: US20200362215A1
Application number: US16/954,702
Authority: US
Inventors: Eiji Kumakura; Takuro Yamada; Atsushi Yoshimi; Ikuhiro Iwata; Mitsushi Itano; Daisuke Karube; Yuuki YOTSUMOTO; Kazuhiro Takahashi; Tatsuya TAKAKUWA; Yuzo Komatsu; Shun OHKUBO
Original assignee: Daikin Industries Ltd
Current assignee: Daikin Industries Ltd
Priority date: 2017-12-18
Filing date: 2018-12-18
Publication date: 2020-11-19
Also published as: EP3730866A1; CN111492188B; US11535781B2; CN111492189A; EP3730572A1; EP3730865A1; US20210095897A1; EP3730570A4; BR112020010607A2; AU2018387900A1; EP3730576A4; JPWO2019123898A1; CN111480039A; KR20200100682A; CN111492185B; KR102655619B1; US20200309411A1; EP3730867A1; JP7212265B2; US20200309419A1

Abstract

A refrigeration cycle apparatus that is able to suppress a decrease in capacity when a refrigerant that contains at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used is provided. In an air conditioner (1) including a refrigerant circuit (10) in which a compressor (21), an outdoor heat exchanger (23), an outdoor expansion valve (24), a liquid-side connection pipe (6), an indoor heat exchanger (31), and a gas-side connection pipe (5) are connected, a refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used, a pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe (6) and a pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe (5) each are D0/8 inches (where, “D0-⅛ inches” is a pipe outer diameter of a connection pipe when refrigerant R32 is used), a range of the D0 of the liquid-side connection pipe (6) is “2≤D0≤4”, and a range of the D0 of the gas-side connection pipe (5) is “3≤D0≤8”.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a refrigeration cycle apparatus.

BACKGROUND ART

Hitherto, in refrigeration cycle apparatuses, such as air conditioners, R410A is often used as a refrigerant. R410A is a two-component mixed refrigerant of difluoromethane (CH₂F₂; HFC-32, or R32) and pentafluoroethane (C₂HF₅; HFC-125, or R125) and is a pseudo-azeotropic composition.
However, the global warming potential (GWP) of R410A is 2088, and, in recent years, because of growing concern about global warming, R32 that is a refrigerant having a lower GWP is used more often.
For this reason, for example, PTL 1 (International Publication No. 2015/141678) suggests various types of low-GWP refrigerant mixtures as alternatives to R410A.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Technical Problem

For existing refrigeration cycle apparatuses in which R410A or R32 is used, the pipe outer diameter of each of a liquid-side connection pipe and a gas-side connection pipe that connect a heat source unit having a heat source-side heat exchanger and a service unit having a service-side heat exchanger is specifically considered and suggested.
However, for a refrigeration cycle apparatus using a refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene as a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, the pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe or gas-side connection pipe is not considered or suggested at all.
The contents of the present disclosure are described in view of the above-described points, and it is an object to provide a refrigeration cycle apparatus that is able to suppress a decrease in capacity when a refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used.

Solution to Problem

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a first aspect includes a refrigerant circuit in which a compressor, a heat source-side heat exchanger, a decompression part, a liquid-side connection pipe, a service-side heat exchanger, and a gas-side connection pipe are connected. In the refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used. A pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe and a pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe each are D₀/8 inches (where, “D₀-⅛ inches” is a pipe outer diameter of a connection pipe when refrigerant R32 is used), in the liquid-side connection pipe, a range of the D₀is “2≤D₀≤4”, and, in the gas-side connection pipe, a range of the D₀is “3≤D₀≤8”.
The decompression part is not limited and may be an expansion valve or may be a capillary tube. Preferably, in the liquid-side connection pipe, a range of the D₀is “2≤D₀≤3”, and, in the gas-side connection pipe, a range of the D₀is “4≤D₀≤7”.
This refrigeration cycle apparatus is able to suppress a decrease in capacity while sufficiently reducing a GWP by using a refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene.
The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first aspect may be configured as follows in consideration of the difference in physical properties between the refrigerant of the present disclosure and refrigerant R32.
In the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first aspect, a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus may be greater than or equal to 6.3 kW and less than or equal to 10.0 kW, the pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe may be D₀/8 inches (where, “D₀-⅛ inches” is the pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe when refrigerant R32 is used), and the D₀of the liquid-side connection pipe may be 3.
In the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first aspect, a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus may be less than or equal to 4.0 kW, the pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe may be D₀/8 inches (where, “D₀-⅛ inches” is the pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe when refrigerant R32 is used), and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe may be 4.
In the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first aspect, a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus may be greater than or equal to 6.3 kW and less than or equal to 10.0 kW, the pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe may be D₀/8 inches (where, “D₀-⅛ inches” is the pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe when refrigerant R32 is used), and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe may be 5.
In the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first aspect, a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus may be greater than or equal to 15.0 kW and less than or equal to 19.0 kW, the pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe may be D₀/8 inches (where, “D₀-⅛ inches” is the pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe when refrigerant R32 is used), and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe may be 6.
In the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first aspect, a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus may be greater than or equal to 25.0 kW, the pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe may be D₀/8 inches (where, “D₀-⅛ inches” is the pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe when refrigerant R32 is used), and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe may be 7.
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a second aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the first aspect, a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than 5.6 kW and less than 11.2 kW, and the D₀of the liquid-side connection pipe is 3 (that is, a pipe diameter is ⅜ inches). Preferably, a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 6.3 kW and less than or equal to 10.0 kW, and the D₀of the liquid-side connection pipe is 3 (that is, a pipe diameter is ⅜ inches).
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a third aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the first aspect, a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than 22.4 kW, and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe is 7 (that is, a pipe diameter is ⅞ inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than 14.0 kW and less than 22.4 kW, and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe is 6 (that is, the pipe diameter is 6/8 inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than 5.6 kW and less than 11.2 kW, and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe is 5 (that is, the pipe diameter is ⅝ inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is less than 4.5 kW, and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe is 4 (that is, the pipe diameter is ½ inches). Preferably, a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 25.0 kW, and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe is 7 (that is, a pipe diameter is ⅞ inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 15.0 kW and less than 19.0 kW, and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe is 6 (that is, the pipe diameter is 6/8 inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 6.3 kW and less than 10.0 kW, and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe is 5 (that is, the pipe diameter is ⅝ inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is less than 4.0 kW, and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe is 4 (that is, the pipe diameter is ½ inches).
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a fourth aspect includes a refrigerant circuit in which a compressor, a heat source-side heat exchanger, a decompression part, a liquid-side connection pipe, a service-side heat exchanger, and a gas-side connection pipe are connected. In the refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used. A pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe and a pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe each are D₀/8 inches, in the liquid-side connection pipe, a range of the D₀is “2≤D₀≤4”, and, in the gas-side connection pipe, a range of the D₀is “3≤D₀≤8”. The pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe is same as a pipe outer diameter of a liquid-side connection pipe when refrigerant R410A is used, and the pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe is same as a pipe outer diameter of a gas-side connection pipe when refrigerant R410A is used.
The decompression part is not limited and may be an expansion valve or may be a capillary tube. Preferably, in the liquid-side connection pipe, a range of the D₀is “2≤D₀≤3”, and, in the gas-side connection pipe, a range of the D₀is “4≤D₀≤7”.
This refrigeration cycle apparatus is able to suppress a decrease in capacity while sufficiently reducing a GWP by using a refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene.
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a fifth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the fourth aspect, and the D₀of the liquid-side connection pipe is 2 (that is, a pipe diameter is ¼ inches).
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a sixth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the fourth aspect, a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 6.3 kW and the D₀of the liquid-side connection pipe is 3 (that is, a pipe diameter is ⅜ inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is less than 6.3 kW and the D₀of the liquid-side connection pipe is 2 (that is, the pipe diameter is ¼ inches).
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a seventh aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the fourth aspect, a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 6.0 kW and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe is 4 (that is, a pipe diameter is ½ inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is less than 6.0 kW and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe is 3 (that is, the pipe diameter is ⅜ inches).
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to an eighth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the fourth aspect, a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 25.0 kW, and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe is 7 (that is, a pipe diameter is ⅞ inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 15.0 kW and less than 25.0 kW, and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe is 6 (that is, the pipe diameter is 6/8 inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 6.3 kW and less than 15.0 kW, and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe is 5 (that is, the pipe diameter is ⅝ inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is less than 6.3 kW, and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe is 4 (that is, the pipe diameter is ½ inches).
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a ninth aspect includes a refrigerant circuit in which a compressor, a heat source-side heat exchanger, a decompression part, a liquid-side connection pipe, a service-side heat exchanger, and a gas-side connection pipe are connected. In the refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used. A pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe and a pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe each are D₀/8 inches, in the liquid-side connection pipe, a range of the D₀is “2≤D₀≤4”, and, in the gas-side connection pipe, a range of the D₀is “3≤D₀≤8”.
The decompression part is not limited and may be an expansion valve or may be a capillary tube. Preferably, in the liquid-side connection pipe, a range of the D₀is “2≤D₀≤3”, and, in the gas-side connection pipe, a range of the D₀is “4≤D₀≤7”.
This refrigeration cycle apparatus is able to suppress a decrease in capacity while sufficiently reducing a GWP by using a refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene.
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a tenth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the ninth aspect, and the D₀of the liquid-side connection pipe is 2 (that is, a pipe diameter is ¼ inches).
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to an eleventh aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the ninth aspect, a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 7.5 kW, and the D₀of the liquid-side connection pipe is 2.5 (that is, a pipe diameter is 5/16 inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 2.6 kW and less than 7.5 kW, and the D₀of the liquid-side connection pipe is 2 (that is, the pipe diameter is ¼ inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is less than 2.6 kW, and the D₀of the liquid-side connection pipe is 1.5 (that is, the pipe diameter is 3/16 inches).
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twelfth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the ninth aspect, a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 6.3 kW, and the D₀of the liquid-side connection pipe is 3 (that is, a pipe diameter is ⅜ inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is less than 6.3 kW, and the D₀of the liquid-side connection pipe is 2 (that is, the pipe diameter is ¼ inches).
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirteenth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the ninth aspect, a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 12.5 kW, and the D₀of the liquid-side connection pipe is 3 (that is, a pipe diameter is ⅜ inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 6.3 kW and less than 12.5 kW, and the D₀of the liquid-side connection pipe is 2.5 (that is, the pipe diameter is 5/16 inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is less than 6.3 kW, and the D₀of the liquid-side connection pipe is 2 (that is, the pipe diameter is ¼ inches).
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a fourteenth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the ninth aspect, a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 6.0 kW, and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe is 4 (that is, a pipe diameter is ½ inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is less than 6.0 kW, and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe is 3 (that is, the pipe diameter is ⅜ inches).
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a fifteenth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the ninth aspect, a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 6.0 kW, and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe is 4 (that is, a pipe diameter is ½ inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 3.2 kW and less than 6.0 kW, and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe is 3 (that is, the pipe diameter is ⅜ inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is less than 3.2 kW, and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe is 2.5 (that is, the pipe diameter is 5/16 inches).
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a sixteenth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the ninth aspect, a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 25.0 kW, and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe is 7 (that is, a pipe diameter is ⅞ inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 15.0 kW and less than 25.0 kW, and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe is 6 (that is, the pipe diameter is 6/8 inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 6.3 kW and less than 15.0 kW, and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe is 5 (that is, the pipe diameter is ⅝ inches), or the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is less than 6.3 kW, and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe is 4 (that is, the pipe diameter is ½ inches).

- A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a seventeenth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through sixteenth aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a decrease in capacity can be suppressed by using a refrigerant having such performance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and a refrigeration capacity (which may be referred to as cooling capacity or capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP) that are equivalent to those of R410A.

- A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to an eighteenth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the seventeenth aspects, wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:
  point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
  point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
  point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
  point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
  point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0),
  point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and
  point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
  or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD, CO, and OA);
- the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and
- the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.
- A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a nineteenth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the seventeenth aspects, wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments GI, IA, AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CG that connect the following 8 points:
  point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
  point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
  point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
  point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
  point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
  point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
  point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
  point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),
  or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments IA, BD, and CG);
- the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and
- the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.
- A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twentieth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the seventeenth aspects, wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:
  point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
  point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
  point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1),
  point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3),
  point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
  point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
  point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
  point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
  point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),
  or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD and CJ);
- the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),
- the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x²−29.955x+931.91, −0.2421x²+28.955x−831.91),
- the line segment KA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and
- the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.
- A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty first aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the seventeenth aspects, wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:
  point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
  point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
  point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
  point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
  point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
  point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
  point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
  point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
  point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),
  or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD and CJ);
- the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43)
- the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and
- the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.
- A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty second aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the seventeenth aspects, wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TP that connect the following 7 points:
  point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
  point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
  point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
  point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
  point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
  point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and
  point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
  or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment BF);
- the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),
- the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2),
- the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x²−0.2393x+36.475), and
- the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.
- A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty third aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the seventeenth aspects, wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP that connect the following 4 points:
  point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
  point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
  point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and
  point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9),
  or on the above line segments;
- the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),
- the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x²−0.2393x+36.475), and
- the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.
- A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty fourth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the seventeenth aspects, wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TS that connect the following 6 points:
  point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1),
  point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
  point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
  point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
  point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and
  point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
  or on the above line segments,
- the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2),
- the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (x, −0.0017x²−0.7869x+70.888, −0.0017x²−0.2131x+29.112), and
- the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.
- A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty fifth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through sixteenth aspects, wherein
- the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and
- the refrigerant comprises 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a decrease in capacity can be suppressed by using a refrigerant having such performance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and a coefficient of performance (COP) and a refrigeration capacity (which may be referred to as cooling capacity or capacity) that are equivalent to those of R410A and is classified with lower flammability (class 2L) under the standard of American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE).

- A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty sixth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through sixteenth aspects, wherein
- the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and
- the refrigerant comprises 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.

- A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty seventh aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through sixteenth aspects, wherein
- the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32),
  wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
- if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD′, D′C, and CG that connect the following 6 points:
  point G (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0),
  point I (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0),
  point A (0.0134a²−1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, −0.0134a²+0.9681a+31.4),
  point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3),
  point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6), and
  point C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),
  or on the straight lines GI, AB, and D′C (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, point D′, and point C);
- if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
  point G (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0),
  point I (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895),
  point A (0.0112a²−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a²+0.9337a+31.516),
  point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801), and
  point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
  or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
- if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
  point G (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0),
  point I (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273),
  point A (0.0107a²−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a²+0.9142a+31.695),
  point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682), and
  point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
  or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
- if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
  point G (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0),
  point I (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014),
  point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207),
  point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714), and
  point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
  or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); and
- if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
  point G (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098, 0.0),
  point I (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098),
  point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9),
  point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05), and
  point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
  or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W).
- With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a decrease in capacity can be suppressed by using a refrigerant having such performance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and a refrigeration capacity (which may be referred to as cooling capacity or capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP) that are equivalent to those of R410A. A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty eighth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through sixteenth aspects, wherein
- the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32),
  wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
- if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BD′, D′C, and CJ that connect the following 5 points:
  point J (0.0049a²−0.9645a+47.1, −0.0049a²−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0),
  point K′ (0.0514a²−2.4353a+61.7, −0.0323a²+0.4122a+5.9, −0.0191a²+1.0231a+32.4),
  point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3),
  point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6), and
  point C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),
  or on the straight lines JK′, K′B, and D′C (excluding point J, point B, point D′, and point C);
- if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:
  point J (0.0243a²−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a²+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0),
  point K′ (0.0341a²−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a²+0.34a+5.636,−0.0105a²+0.8577a+33.177),
  point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801), and
  point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
  or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);
- if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:
  point J (0.0246a²−1.4476a+50.184, −0.0246a²+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0),
  point K′ (0.0196a²−1.7863a+58.515, −0.0079a²−0.1136a+8.702, −0.0117a²+0.8999a+32.783),
  point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682), and
  point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
  or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);
- if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:
  point J (0.0183a²−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a²+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0),
  point K′ (−0.0051a²+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a²−1.0929a+74.05),
  point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207),
  point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714), and
  point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
  or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W); and
- if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:
  point J (−0.0134a²+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a²−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0),
  point K′ (−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557),
  point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9),
  point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05), and
  point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
  or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W).

- A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty ninth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through sixteenth aspects, wherein
- the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
  wherein
- when the mass % of HID-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HID-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:
  point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
  point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),
  point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
  point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),
  or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI;
- the line segment U is represented by coordinates (0.0236y²−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y²+0.7616y+28.0);
- the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y²−1.9003y+58.3, y, −0.012y²+0.9003y+41.7); and
- the line segments JN and EI are straight lines.

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a decrease in capacity can be suppressed by using a refrigerant having such performance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and a refrigeration capacity (which may be referred to as cooling capacity or capacity) equivalent to that of R410A and is classified with lower flammability (class 2L) under the standard of American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE).
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirtieth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through sixteenth aspects, wherein
the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM′, M′N, NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5 points:
point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),
point M′(39.2, 5.0, 55.8),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),
point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and
point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);

- the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y²−3.34y+52.6, y, −0.132y²+2.34y+47.4);
- the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates (0.0596y²−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y²+1.2541y+51.02);
- the line segment VG is represented by coordinates (0.0123y²−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y²+0.8033y+60.4); and
- the line segments NV and GM are straight lines.

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a decrease in capacity can be suppressed by using a refrigerant having such performance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and a refrigeration capacity (which may be referred to as cooling capacity or capacity) equivalent to that of R410A and is classified with lower flammability (class 2L) under the standard of American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE).

- A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirty first aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through sixteenth aspects, wherein
- the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,
  wherein
- when the mass % of FIFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3 points:
  point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),
  point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
  point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),
  or on these line segments;
- the line segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y²−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y²−0.3299y+62.488);
- the line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y²−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y²+0.7403y+43.365); and
- the line segment UO is a straight line.

- A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirty second aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through sixteenth aspects, wherein
- the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,
  wherein
- when the mass % of FIFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of FIFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points:
  point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),
  point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),
  point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
  point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and
  point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),
  or on these line segments;
- the line segment QR is represented by coordinates (0.0099y²−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y²+0.975y+15.235);
- the line segment RT is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874);
- the line segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y²−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y²−0.1158y+38.512);
- the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates (0.0095y²−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y²+0.2222y+32.324); and
- the line segment TL is a straight line.

- A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirty third aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through sixteenth aspects, wherein
- the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,
  wherein
- when the mass % of FIFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:
  point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),
  point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and
  point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
  or on these line segments;
- the line segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y²−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y²−0.2897y+59.9);
- the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874); and
- the line segment TP is a straight line.

- A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirty fourth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through sixteenth aspects, wherein
- the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32),
  wherein
- when the mass % of HID-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IK, KB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GI that connect the following 6 points:
  point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
  point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4),
  point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),
  point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),
  point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
  point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
  or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GI);
- the line segment IK is represented by coordinates (0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.0, z),
- the line segment HR is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z),
- the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
- the line segments KB′ and GI are straight lines.

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a decrease in capacity can be suppressed by using a refrigerant having such performance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and a coefficient of performance (COP) equivalent to that of R410A.

- A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirty fifth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through sixteenth aspects, wherein
- the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,
  wherein
- when the mass % of HID-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JR, RG, and GI that connect the following 4 points:
  point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
  point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5),
  point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
  point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
  or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GI);
- the line segment U is represented by coordinates (0.025z²−1.7429z+72.0, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.0, z),
- the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
- the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.

- A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirty sixth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through sixteenth aspects, wherein
- the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,
  wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MP, PB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GM that connect the following 6 points:
  point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
  point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),
  point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),
  point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),
  point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
  point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
  or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GM);
- the line segment MP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z),
- the line segment HR is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z),
- the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments PB′ and GM are straight lines.
With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a decrease in capacity can be suppressed by using a refrigerant having such performance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and a coefficient of performance (COP) equivalent to that of R410A.

- A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirty seventh aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through sixteenth aspects, wherein
- the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,
  wherein
- when the mass % of FIFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of FIFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MN, NR, RG, and GM that connect the following 4 points:
  point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
  point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5),
  point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
  point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
  or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);
- the line segment MN is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z),
- the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
- the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.

- A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirty eighth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through sixteenth aspects, wherein
- the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,
  wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:
  point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),
  point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and
  point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2),
  or on these line segments;
- the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (−0.0982z²+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z²−1.9622z+59.069, z),
- the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z), and
- the line segment PS is a straight line.

- A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirty ninth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through sixteenth aspects, wherein
- the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,
  wherein
- when the mass % of FIFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of FIFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QB″, B″D, DU, and UQ that connect the following 4 points:
  point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),
  point B″ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0),
  point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and
  point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1),
  or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment B″D);
- the line segment DU is represented by coordinates (−3.4962z²+210.71z−3146.1, 3.4962z²−211.71z+3246.1, z),
- the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates (0.0135z²−0.9181z+44.133, −0.0135z²−0.0819z+55.867, z), and
- the line segments QB″ and B″D are straight lines.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an instrument used for a flammability test.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing points A to T and line segments that connect these points in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing points A to C, D′, G, I, J, and K′, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass %.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing points A to C, D′, G, I, J, and K′, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 92.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 7.1 mass %).

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing points A to C, D′, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 88.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 11.1 mass %).

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 85.5 mass % (the content of R32 is 14.5 mass %).

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 81.8 mass % (the content of R32 is 18.2 mass %).

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 78.1 mass % (the content of R32 is 21.9 mass %).

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 73.3 mass % (the content of R32 is 26.7 mass %).

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 70.7 mass % (the content of R32 is 29.3 mass %).

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 63.3 mass % (the content of R32 is 36.7 mass %).

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 55.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 44.1 mass %).

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 52.2 mass % (the content of R32 is 47.8 mass %).

FIG. 14 is a view showing points A to C, E, G, and I to W; and line segments that connect points A to C, E, G, and I to W in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass %.

FIG. 15 is a view showing points A to U; and line segments that connect the points in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass %.

FIG. 16 is a schematic configuration diagram of a refrigerant circuit according to a first embodiment.

FIG. 17 is a schematic control block configuration diagram of a refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 18 is a graph of a pressure loss in a liquid-side connection pipe during heating operation for each pipe outer diameter when refrigerant R410A, refrigerant R32, and refrigerant A are used in an air conditioner according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 19 is a graph of a pressure loss in a gas-side connection pipe during cooling operation for each pipe outer diameter when refrigerant R410A, refrigerant R32, and refrigerant A are used in the air conditioner according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 20 is a schematic configuration diagram of a refrigerant circuit according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 21 is a schematic control block configuration diagram of a refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 22 is a graph of a pressure loss in a liquid-side connection pipe during heating operation for each pipe outer diameter when refrigerant R410A, refrigerant R32, and refrigerant A are used in an air conditioner according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 23 is a graph of a pressure loss in a gas-side connection pipe during cooling operation for each pipe outer diameter when refrigerant R410A, refrigerant R32, and refrigerant A are used in the air conditioner according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 24 is a schematic configuration diagram of a refrigerant circuit according to a third embodiment.

FIG. 25 is a schematic control block configuration diagram of a refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the third embodiment.

FIG. 26 is a graph of a pressure loss in a liquid-side connection pipe during heating operation for each pipe outer diameter when refrigerant R410A, refrigerant R32, and refrigerant A are used in an air conditioner according to the third embodiment.

FIG. 27 is a graph of a pressure loss in a gas-side connection pipe during cooling operation for each pipe outer diameter when refrigerant R410A, refrigerant R32, and refrigerant A are used in the air conditioner according to the third embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

(1) Definition of Terms

In the present specification, the term “refrigerant” includes at least compounds that are specified in ISO 817 (International Organization for Standardization), and that are given a refrigerant number (ASHRAE number) representing the type of refrigerant with “R” at the beginning; and further includes refrigerants that have properties equivalent to those of such refrigerants, even though a refrigerant number is not yet given. Refrigerants are broadly divided into fluorocarbon compounds and non-fluorocarbon compounds in terms of the structure of the compounds. Fluorocarbon compounds include chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFC). Non-fluorocarbon compounds include propane (R290), propylene (R1270), butane (R600), isobutane (R600a), carbon dioxide (R744), ammonia (R717), and the like.
In the present specification, the phrase “composition comprising a refrigerant” at least includes (1) a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants), (2) a composition that further comprises other components and that can be mixed with at least a refrigeration oil to obtain a working fluid for a refrigerating machine, and (3) a working fluid for a refrigerating machine containing a refrigeration oil. In the present specification, of these three embodiments, the composition (2) is referred to as a “refrigerant composition” so as to distinguish it from a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants). Further, the working fluid for a refrigerating machine (3) is referred to as a “refrigeration oil-containing working fluid” so as to distinguish it from the “refrigerant composition.”
In the present specification, when the term “alternative” is used in a context in which the first refrigerant is replaced with the second refrigerant, the first type of “alternative” means that equipment designed for operation using the first refrigerant can be operated using the second refrigerant under optimum conditions, optionally with changes of only a few parts (at least one of the following: refrigeration oil, gasket, packing, expansion valve, dryer, and other parts) and equipment adjustment. In other words, this type of alternative means that the same equipment is operated with an alternative refrigerant. Embodiments of this type of “alternative” include “drop-in alternative,” “nearly drop-in alternative,” and “retrofit,” in the order in which the extent of changes and adjustment necessary for replacing the first refrigerant with the second refrigerant is smaller.
The term “alternative” also includes a second type of “alternative,” which means that equipment designed for operation using the second refrigerant is operated for the same use as the existing use with the first refrigerant by using the second refrigerant. This type of alternative means that the same use is achieved with an alternative refrigerant.
In the present specification, the term “refrigerating machine” refers to machines in general that draw heat from an object or space to make its temperature lower than the temperature of ambient air, and maintain a low temperature. In other words, refrigerating machines refer to conversion machines that gain energy from the outside to do work, and that perform energy conversion, in order to transfer heat from where the temperature is lower to where the temperature is higher.
In the present specification, a refrigerant having a “WCF lower flammability” means that the most flammable composition (worst case of formulation for flammability: WCF) has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Further, in the present specification, a refrigerant having “ASHRAE lower flammability” means that the burning velocity of WCF is 10 cm/s or less, that the most flammable fraction composition (worst case of fractionation for flammability: WCFF), which is specified by performing a leakage test during storage, shipping, or use based on ANSI/ASHRAE 34-2013 using WCF, has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less, and that flammability classification according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013 is determined to classified as be “Class 2L.”
In the present specification, a refrigerant having an “RCL of x % or more” means that the refrigerant has a refrigerant concentration limit (RCL), calculated in accordance with the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013, of x % or more. RCL refers to a concentration limit in the air in consideration of safety factors. RCL is an index for reducing the risk of acute toxicity, suffocation, and flammability in a closed space where humans are present. RCL is determined in accordance with the ASHRAE Standard. More specifically, RCL is the lowest concentration among the acute toxicity exposure limit (ATEL), the oxygen deprivation limit (ODL), and the flammable concentration limit (FCL), which are respectively calculated in accordance with sections 7.1.1, 7.1.2, and 7.1.3 of the ASHRAE Standard.
In the present specification, temperature glide refers to an absolute value of the difference between the initial temperature and the end temperature in the phase change process of a composition containing the refrigerant of the present disclosure in the heat exchanger of a refrigerant system.

(2) Refrigerant

(2-1) Refrigerant Component

Any one of various refrigerants such as refrigerant A, refrigerant B, refrigerant C, refrigerant D, and refrigerant E, details of these refrigerant are to be mentioned later, can be used as the refrigerant.

(2-2) Use of Refrigerant

The refrigerant according to the present disclosure can be preferably used as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine.
The composition according to the present disclosure is suitable for use as an alternative refrigerant for HFC refrigerant such as R410A, R407C and R404 etc, or HCFC refrigerant such as R22 etc.

(3) Refrigerant Composition

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant according to the present disclosure, and can be used for the same use as the refrigerant according to the present disclosure. Moreover, the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure can be further mixed with at least a refrigeration oil to thereby obtain a working fluid for a refrigerating machine.
The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure further comprises at least one other component in addition to the refrigerant according to the present disclosure. The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise at least one of the following other components, if necessary. As described above, when the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure is used as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine, it is generally used as a mixture with at least a refrigeration oil. Therefore, it is preferable that the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure does not substantially comprise a refrigeration oil. Specifically, in the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure, the content of the refrigeration oil based on the entire refrigerant composition is preferably 0 to 1 mass %, and more preferably 0 to 0.1 mass %.

(3-1) Water

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may contain a small amount of water. The water content of the refrigerant composition is preferably 0.1 mass % or less based on the entire refrigerant. A small amount of water contained in the refrigerant composition stabilizes double bonds in the molecules of unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds that can be present in the refrigerant, and makes it less likely that the unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds will be oxidized, thus increasing the stability of the refrigerant composition.

(3-2) Tracer

A tracer is added to the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure at a detectable concentration such that when the refrigerant composition has been diluted, contaminated, or undergone other changes, the tracer can trace the changes.
The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single tracer, or two or more tracers.
The tracer is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used tracers. Preferably, a compound that cannot be an impurity inevitably mixed in the refrigerant of the present disclosure is selected as the tracer.
Examples of tracers include hydrofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons, fluorocarbons, deuterated hydrocarbons, deuterated hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, brominated compounds, iodinated compounds, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and nitrous oxide (N₂O). The tracer is particularly preferably a hydrofluorocarbon, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon, a chlorofluorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, a hydrochlorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, or a fluoroether.
The following compounds are preferable as the tracer.
FC-14 (tetrafluoromethane, CFO
HCC-40 (chloromethane, CH₃Cl)
HFC-23 (trifluoromethane, CHF₃)
HFC-41 (fluoromethane, CH₃Cl)
HFC-125 (pentafluoroethane, CF₃CHF₂)
HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, CF₃CH₂F)
HFC-134 (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, CHF₂CHF₂)
HFC-143a (1,1,1-trifluoroethane, CF₃CH₃)
HFC-143 (1,1,2-trifluoroethane, CHF₂CH₂F)
HFC-152a (1,1-difluoroethane, CHF₂CH₃)
HFC-152 (1,2-difluoroethane, CH₂FCH₂F)
HFC-161 (fluoroethane, CH₃CH₂F)
HFC-245fa (1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, CF₃CH₂CHF₂)
HFC-236fa (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF₃CH₂CF₃)
HFC-236ea (1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF₃CHFCHF₂)
HFC-227ea (1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, CF₃CHFCF₃)
HCFC-22 (chlorodifluoromethane, CHClF₂)
HCFC-31 (chlorofluoromethane, CH₂ClF)
CFC-1113 (chlorotrifluoroethylene, CF₂═CClF)
HFE-125 (trifluoromethyl-difluoromethyl ether, CF₃OCHF₂)
HFE-134a (trifluoromethyl-fluoromethyl ether, CF₃OCH₂F)
HFE-143a (trifluoromethyl-methyl ether, CF₃OCH₃)
HFE-227ea (trifluoromethyl-tetrafluoroethyl ether, CF₃OCHFCF₃)
HFE-236fa (trifluoromethyl-trifluoroethyl ether, CF₃OCH₂CF₃)
The tracer compound may be present in the refrigerant composition at a total concentration of about 10 parts per million (ppm) to about 1000 ppm. Preferably, the tracer compound is present in the refrigerant composition at a total concentration of about 30 ppm to about 500 ppm, and most preferably, the tracer compound is present at a total concentration of about 50 ppm to about 300 ppm.

(3-3) Ultraviolet Fluorescent Dye

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single ultraviolet fluorescent dye, or two or more ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.
The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.
Examples of ultraviolet fluorescent dyes include naphthalimide, coumarin, anthracene, phenanthrene, xanthene, thioxanthene, naphthoxanthene, fluorescein, and derivatives thereof. The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is particularly preferably either naphthalimide or coumarin, or both.

(3-4) Stabilizer

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single stabilizer, or two or more stabilizers.
The stabilizer is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used stabilizers.
Examples of stabilizers include nitro compounds, ethers, and amines.
Examples of nitro compounds include aliphatic nitro compounds, such as nitromethane and nitroethane; and aromatic nitro compounds, such as nitro benzene and nitro styrene.
Examples of ethers include 1,4-dioxane.
Examples of amines include 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropylamine and diphenylamine.
Examples of stabilizers also include butylhydroxyxylene and benzotriazole.
The content of the stabilizer is not limited. Generally, the content of the stabilizer is preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %, based on the entire refrigerant.

(3-5) Polymerization Inhibitor

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single polymerization inhibitor, or two or more polymerization inhibitors.
The polymerization inhibitor is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used polymerization inhibitors.
Examples of polymerization inhibitors include 4-methoxy-1-naphthol, hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether, dimethyl-t-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and benzotriazole.
The content of the polymerization inhibitor is not limited. Generally, the content of the polymerization inhibitor is preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %, based on the entire refrigerant.

(4) Refrigeration Oil-Containing Working Fluid

The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant or refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure and a refrigeration oil, for use as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine. Specifically, the refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure is obtained by mixing a refrigeration oil used in a compressor of a refrigerating machine with the refrigerant or the refrigerant composition. The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid generally comprises 10 to 50 mass % of refrigeration oil.

(4-1) Refrigeration Oil

The refrigeration oil is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used refrigeration oils. In this case, refrigeration oils that are superior in the action of increasing the miscibility with the mixture and the stability of the mixture, for example, are suitably selected as necessary.
The base oil of the refrigeration oil is preferably, for example, at least one member selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycols (PAG), polyol esters (POE), and polyvinyl ethers (PVE).
The refrigeration oil may further contain additives in addition to the base oil. The additive may be at least one member selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, extreme-pressure agents, acid scavengers, oxygen scavengers, copper deactivators, rust inhibitors, oil agents, and antifoaming agents.
A refrigeration oil with a kinematic viscosity of 5 to 400 cSt at 40° C. is preferable from the standpoint of lubrication.
The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure may further optionally contain at least one additive. Examples of additives include compatibilizing agents described below.

(4-2) Compatibilizing Agent

The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure may comprise a single compatibilizing agent, or two or more compatibilizing agents.
The compatibilizing agent is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used compatibilizing agents.
Examples of compatibilizing agents include polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers, and 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes. The compatibilizing agent is particularly preferably a polyoxyalkylene glycol ether.

(5) Various Refrigerants

Hereinafter, the refrigerants A to E, which are the refrigerants used in the present embodiment, will be described in detail.
In addition, each description of the following refrigerant A, refrigerant B, refrigerant C, refrigerant D, and refrigerant E is each independent. The alphabet which shows a point or a line segment, the number of an Examples, and the number of a comparative examples are all independent of each other among the refrigerant A, the refrigerant B, the refrigerant C, the refrigerant D, and the refrigerant E. For example, the first embodiment of the refrigerant A and the first embodiment of the refrigerant B are different embodiment from each other.

(5-1) Refrigerant A

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).
The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e., a refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of performance that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.
The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is a composition comprising HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf, and optionally further comprising HFO-1123, and may further satisfy the following requirements. This refrigerant also has various properties desirable as an alternative refrigerant for R410A; i.e., it has a refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of performance that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.

Requirements

Preferable refrigerant A is as follows:
When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0),
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line CO);
the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3,
the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),
the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
When the mass % of FIFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, based on their sum in the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within a figure surrounded by line segments GI, IA, AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CG that connect the following 8 points:
point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CG);
the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),
the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),
the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant A has a WCF lower flammability according to the ASHRAE Standard (the WCF composition has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less).
When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant according to the present disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1),
point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CJ);
the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),
the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x²−29.955x+931.91, −0.2421x²+28.955x−831.91),
the line segment KA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),
the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),
the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant exhibits a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard (the WCF composition and the WCFF composition have a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less).
When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant according to the present disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CJ);

- the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),
- the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and
- the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has an RCL of 40 g/m³or more.
When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TP that connect the following 7 points:
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and
point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment BF);
the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),
the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),
the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2),
the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x²−0.2393x+36.475), and
the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has an RCL of 40 g/m³or more.
The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP that connect the following 4 points:
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and
point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9),
or on the above line segments;
the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),
the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x²−0.2393x+36.475), and
the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m³or more, furthermore, the refrigerant has a condensation temperature glide of 1° C. or less.
The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TS that connect the following 6 points:
point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1),
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
point A′(30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and
point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
or on the above line segments,
the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),
the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2),
the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (x, −0.0017x²−0.7869x+70.888, −0.0017x²−0.2131x+29.112), and
the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m³or more furthermore, the refrigerant has a discharge pressure of 105% or more relative to that of R410A.
The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Od, dg, gh, and hO that connect the following 4 points:
point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4),
point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7),
point h (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and
point o (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
or on the line segments Od, dg, gh, and hO (excluding the points O and h);
the line segment dg is represented by coordinates (0.0047y²−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y²+0.5177y+12.402),
the line segment gh is represented by coordinates (−0.0134z²−1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z²+0.0825z+43.308, z), and
the line segments hO and Od are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments lg, gh, hi, and il that connect the following 4 points:
point l (72.5, 10.2, 17.3),
point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7),
point h (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and
point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0) or
on the line segments lg, gh, and il (excluding the points h and i);
the line segment lg is represented by coordinates (0.0047y²−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y²+0.5177y+12.402),
the line gh is represented by coordinates (−0.0134z²−1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z²+0.0825z+43.308, z), and
the line segments hi and it are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard.
The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of FIFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of FIFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Od, de, ef, and fO that connect the following 4 points:
point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4),
point a (31.1, 42.9, 26.0),
point f (65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
or on the line segments Od, de, and ef (excluding the points O and f);
the line segment de is represented by coordinates (0.0047y²−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y²+0.5177y+12.402),
the line segment ef is represented by coordinates (−0.0064z²−1.1565z+65.501, 0.0064z²+0.1565z+34.499, z), and
the line segments fO and Od are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments le, ef, fi, and il that connect the following 4 points:
point l (72.5, 10.2, 17.3),
point e (31.1, 42.9, 26.0),
point f (65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and
point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0),
or on the line segments le, ef, and il (excluding the points f and i);
the line segment le is represented by coordinates (0.0047y²−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y²+0.5177y+12.402),
the line segment ef is represented by coordinates (−0.0134z²−1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z²+0.0825z+43.308, z), and
the line segments fi and il are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard.
The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oa, ab, bc, and cO that connect the following 4 points:
point a (93.4, 0.0, 6.6),
point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8),
point c (77.6, 22.4, 0.0), and
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
or on the line segments Oa, ab, and bc (excluding the points O and c);
the line segment ab is represented by coordinates (0.0052y²−1.5588y+93.385, y, −0.0052y²+0.5588y+6.615),
the line segment bc is represented by coordinates (−0.0032z²−1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z²+0.1791z+22.407, z), and
the line segments cO and Oa are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A.
The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HID-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments kb, bj, and jk that connect the following 3 points:
point k (72.5, 14.1, 13.4),
point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8), and
point j (72.5, 23.2, 4.3),
or on the line segments kb, bj, and jk;

- the line segment kb is represented by coordinates (0.0052y²−1.5588y+93.385, y, and −0.0052y²+0.5588y+6.615),

the line segment bj is represented by coordinates (−0.0032z²−1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z²+0.1791z+22.407, z), and
the line segment jk is a straight line.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard.
The refrigerant according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.
The refrigerant according to the present disclosure may comprise HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, 99.75 mass % or more, or 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.
Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can be widely selected.
The mixed refrigerant may contain one additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.

Examples of Refrigerant A

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant A. However, refrigerant A is not limited to the Examples.
The GWP of R1234yf and a composition consisting of a mixed refrigerant R410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in Patent Literature 1). The refrigerating capacity of R410A and compositions each comprising a mixture of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.
Further, the RCL of the mixture was calculated with the LFL of HFO-1132(E) being 4.7 vol. %, the LFL of HFO-1123 being 10 vol. %, and the LFL of R1234yf being 6.2 vol. %, in accordance with the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013.
Evaporating temperature: 5° C.
Condensation temperature: 45° C.
Degree of superheating: 5 K
Degree of subcooling: 5 K
Compressor efficiency: 70%
Tables 1 to 34 show these values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant.

TABLE 1

			Comp.	Comp.		Example		Comp.
		Comp.	Ex. 2	Ex. 3	Example	2	Example	Ex. 4
Item	Unit	Ex. 1	O	A	1	A′	3	B

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	R410A	100.0	68.6	49.0	30.6	14.1	0.0
HFO-1123	mass %		0.0	0.0	14.9	30.0	44.8	58.7
R1234yf	mass %		0.0	31.4	36.1	39.4	41.1	41.3
GWP	—	2088	1	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	100	99.7	100.0	98.6	97.3	96.3	95.5
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	100	98.3	85.0	85.0	85.0	85.0	85.0
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	0.1	0.00	1.98	3.36	4.46	5.15	5.35
glide
Discharge	% (relative	100.0	99.3	87.1	88.9	90.6	92.1	93.2
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	—	30.7	37.5	44.0	52.7	64.0	78.6

TABLE 2

		Comp.		Example		Comp.	Comp.	Example	Comp.
		Ex. 5	Example	5	Example	Ex. 6	Ex. 7	7	Ex. 8
Item	Unit	C	4	C′	6	D	E	E′	F

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	32.9	26.6	19.5	10.9	0.0	58.0	23.4	0.0
HFO-1123	mass %	67.1	68.4	70.5	74.1	80.4	42.0	48.5	61.8
R1234yf	mass %	0.0	5.0	10.0	15.0	19.6	0.0	28.1	38.2
GWP	—	1	1	1	1	2	1	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	92.5	92.5	92.5	92.5	92.5	95.0	95.0	95.0
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	107.4	105.2	102.9	100.5	97.9	105.0	92.5	86.9
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	0.16	0.52	0.94	1.42	1.90	0.42	3.16	4.80
glide
Discharge	% (relative	119.5	117.4	115.3	113.0	115.9	112.7	101.0	95.8
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	53.5	57.1	62.0	69.1	81.3	41.9	46.3	79.0

TABLE 3

		Comp.	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
		Ex. 9	8	9	10	11	12
Item	Unit	J	P	L	N	N′	K

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	47.1	55.8	63.1	68.6	65.0	61.3
HFO-1123	mass %	52.9	42.0	31.9	16.3	7.7	5.4
R1234yf	mass %	0.0	2.2	5.0	15.1	27.3	33.3
GWP	—	1	1	1	1	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	93.8	95.0	96.1	97.9	99.1	99.5
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	106.2	104.1	101.6	95.0	88.2	85.0
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	0.31	0.57	0.81	1.41	2.11	2.51
glide
Discharge	% (relative	115.8	111.9	107.8	99.0	91.2	87.7
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	46.2	42.6	40.0	38.0	38.7	39.7

TABLE 4

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
		13	14	15	16	17	18	19
Item	Unit	L	M	Q	R	S	S′	T

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	63.1	60.3	62.8	49.8	62.6	50.0	35.8
HFO-1123	mass %	31.9	6.2	29.6	42.3	28.3	35.8	44.9
R1234yf	mass %	5.0	33.5	7.6	7.9	9.1	14.2	19.3
GWP	—	1	2	1	1	1	1	2
COP ratio	% (relative	96.1	99.4	96.4	95.0	96.6	95.8	95.0
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	101.6	85.0	100.2	101.7	99.4	98.1	96.7
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	0.81	2.58	1.00	1.00	1.10	1.55	2.07
glide
Discharge	% (relative	107.8	87.9	106.0	109.6	105.0	105.0	105.0
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	40.0	40.0	40.0	44.8	40.0	44.4	50.8

TABLE 5

		Comp.	Example	Example
		Ex. 10	20	21
Item	Unit	G	H	I

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	72.0	72.0	72.0
HFO-1123	mass %	28.0	14.0	0.0
R1234yf	mass %	0.0	14.0	28.0
GWP	—	1	1	2
COP ratio	% (relative	96.6	98.2	99.9
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	103.1	95.1	86.6
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation glide	° C.	0.46	1.27	1.71
Discharge pressure	% (relative	108.4	98.7	88.6
	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	37.4	37.0	36.6

TABLE 6

		Comp.	Comp.	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Comp.
Item	Unit	Ex. 11	Ex. 12	22	23	24	25	26	Ex. 13

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0	70.0	80.0
HFO-1123	mass %	85.0	75.0	65.0	55.0	45.0	35.0	25.0	15.0
R1234yf	mass %	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0
GWP	—	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
COP ratio	% (relative	91.4	92.0	92.8	93.7	94.7	95.8	96.9	98.0
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	105.7	105.5	105.0	104.3	103.3	102.0	100.6	99.1
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	0.40	0.46	0.55	0.66	0.75	0.80	0.79	0.67
glide
Discharge	% (relative	120.1	118.7	116.7	114.3	111.6	108.7	105.6	102.5
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	71.0	61.9	54.9	49.3	44.8	41.0	37.8	35.1

TABLE 7

		Comp.	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Comp.
Item	Unit	Ex. 14	27	28	29	30	31	32	Ex. 15

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0	70.0	80.0
HFO-1123	mass %	80.0	70.0	60.0	50.0	40.0	30.0	20.0	10.0
R1234yf	mass %	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0
GWP	—	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
COP ratio	% (relative	91.9	92.5	93.3	94.3	95.3	96.4	97.5	98.6
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	103.2	102.9	102.4	101.5	100.5	99.2	97.8	96.2
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	0.87	0.94	1.03	1.12	1.18	1.18	1.09	0.88
glide
Discharge	% (relative	116.7	115.2	113.2	110.8	108.1	105.2	102.1	99.0
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	70.5	61.6	54.6	49.1	44.6	40.8	37.7	35.0

TABLE 8

		Comp.	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Comp.
Item	Unit	Ex. 16	33	34	35	36	37	38	Ex. 17

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0	70.0	80.0
HFO-1123	mass %	75.0	65.0	55.0	45.0	35.0	25.0	15.0	5.0
R1234yf	mass %	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0
GWP	—	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
COP ratio	% (relative	92.4	93.1	93.9	94.8	95.9	97.0	98.1	99.2
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	100.5	100.2	99.6	98.7	97.7	96.4	94.9	93.2
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	1.41	1.49	1.56	1.62	1.63	1.55	1.37	1.05
glide
Discharge	% (relative	113.1	111.6	109.6	107.2	104.5	101.6	98.6	95.5
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	70.0	61.2	54.4	48.9	44.4	40.7	37.5	34.8

TABLE 9

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit
	39	40	41	42	43	44	45

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0	70.0
HFO-1123	mass %	70.0	60.0	50.0	40.0	30.0	20.0	10.0
R1234yf	mass %	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	93.0	93.7	94.5	95.5	96.5	97.6	98.7
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	97.7	97.4	96.8	95.9	94.7	93.4	91.9
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	2.03	2.09	2.13	2.14	2.07	1.91	1.61
glide
Discharge	% (relative	109.4	107.9	105.9	103.5	100.8	98.0	95.0
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	69.6	60.9	54.1	48.7	44.2	40.5	37.4

TABLE 10

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit
	46	47	48	49	50	51	52

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0	70.0
HFO-1123	mass %	65.0	55.0	45.0	35.0	25.0	15.0	5.0
R1234yf	mass %	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	93.6	94.3	95.2	96.1	97.2	98.2	99.3
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	94.8	94.5	93.8	92.9	91.8	90.4	88.8
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	2.71	2.74	2.73	2.66	2.50	2.22	1.78
glide
Discharge	% (relative	105.5	104.0	102.1	99.7	97.1	94.3	91.4
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	69.1	60.5	53.8	48.4	44.0	40.4	37.3

TABLE 11

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	53	54	55	56	57	58

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0
HFO-1123	mass %	60.0	50.0	40.0	30.0	20.0	10.0
R1234yf	mass %	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	94.3	95.0	95.9	96.8	97.8	98.9
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	91.9	91.5	90.8	89.9	88.7	87.3
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	3.46	3.43	3.35	3.18	2.90	2.47
glide
Discharge	% (relative	101.6	100.1	98.2	95.9	93.3	90.6
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	68.7	60.2	53.5	48.2	43.9	40.2

TABLE 12

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Comp.
Item	Unit		59	60	61	62	63	Ex. 18

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0
HFO-1123	mass %	55.0	45.0	35.0	25.0	15.0	5.0
R1234yf	mass %	35.0	35.0	35.0	35.0	35.0	35.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	95.0	95.8	96.6	97.5	98.5	99.6
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	88.9	88.5	87.8	86.8	85.6	84.1
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	4.24	4.15	3.96	3.67	3.24	2.64
glide
Discharge	% (relative	97.6	96.1	94.2	92.0	89.5	86.8
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	68.2	59.8	53.2	48.0	43.7	40.1

TABLE 13

		Example	Example	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.
Item	Unit	64	65	Ex. 19	Ex. 20	Ex. 21

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0
HFO-1123	mass %	50.0	40.0	30.0	20.0	10.0
R1234yf	mass %	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	95.9	96.6	97.4	98.3	99.2
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	85.8	85.4	84.7	83.6	82.4
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	5.05	4.85	4.55	4.10	3.50
glide
Discharge	% (relative	93.5	92.1	90.3	88.1	85.6
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	67.8	59.5	53.0	47.8	43.5

TABLE 14

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	66	67	68	69	70	71	72	73

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	54.0	56.0	58.0	62.0	52.0	54.0	56.0	58.0
HFO-1123	mass %	41.0	39.0	37.0	33.0	41.0	39.0	37.0	35.0
R1234yf	mass %	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	7.0	7.0	7.0	7.0
GWP	—	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
COP ratio	% (relative	95.1	95.3	95.6	96.0	95.1	95.4	95.6	95.8
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	102.8	102.6	102.3	101.8	101.9	101.7	101.5	101.2
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	0.78	0.79	0.80	0.81	0.93	0.94	0.95	0.95
glide
Discharge	% (relative	110.5	109.9	109.3	108.1	109.7	109.1	108.5	107.9
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	43.2	42.4	41.7	40.3	43.9	43.1	42.4	41.6

TABLE 15

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	74	75	76	77	78	79	80	81

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	60.0	62.0	61.0	58.0	60.0	62.0	52.0	54.0
HFO-1123	mass %	33.0	31.0	29.0	30.0	28.0	26.0	34.0	32.0
R1234yf	mass %	7.0	7.0	10.0	12.0	12.0	12.0	14.0	14.0
GWP	—	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
COP ratio	% (relative	96.0	96.2	96.5	96.4	96.6	96.8	96.0	96.2
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	100.9	100.7	99.1	98.4	98.1	97.8	98.0	97.7
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	0.95	0.95	1.18	1.34	1.33	1.32	1.53	1.53
glide
Discharge	% (relative	107.3	106.7	104.9	104.4	103.8	103.2	104.7	104.1
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	40.9	40.3	40.5	41.5	40.8	40.1	43.6	42.9

TABLE 16

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	82	83	84	85	86	87	88	89

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	56.0	58.0	60.0	48.0	50.0	52.0	54.0	56.0
HFO-1123	mass %	30.0	28.0	26.0	36.0	34.0	32.0	30.0	28.0
R1234yf	mass %	14.0	14.0	14.0	16.0	16.0	16.0	16.0	16.0
GWP	—	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
COP ratio	% (relative	96.4	96.6	96.9	95.8	96.0	96.2	96.4	96.7
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	97.5	97.2	96.9	97.3	97.1	96.8	96.6	96.3
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	1.51	1.50	1.48	1.72	1.72	1.71	1.69	1.67
glide
Discharge	% (relative	103.5	102.9	102.3	104.3	103.8	103.2	102.7	102.1
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	42.1	41.4	40.7	45.2	44.4	43.6	42.8	42.1

TABLE 17

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	90	91	92	93	94	95	96	97

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	58.0	60.0	42.0	44.0	46.0	48.0	50.0	52.0
HFO-1123	mass %	26.0	24.0	40.0	38.0	36.0	34.0	32.0	30.0
R1234yf	mass %	16.0	16.0	18.0	18.0	18.0	18.0	18.0	18.0
GWP	—	1	1	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	96.9	97.1	95.4	95.6	95.8	96.0	96.3	96.5
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	96.1	95.8	96.8	96.6	96.4	96.2	95.9	95.7
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	1.65	1.63	1.93	1.92	1.92	1.91	1.89	1.88
glide
Discharge	% (relative	101.5	100.9	104.5	103.9	103.4	102.9	102.3	101.8
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	41.4	40.7	47.8	46.9	46.0	45.1	44.3	43.5

TABLE 18

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	98	99	100	101	102	103	104	105

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	54.0	56.0	58.0	60.0	36.0	38.0	42.0	44.0
HFO-1123	mass %	28.0	26.0	24.0	22.0	44.0	42.0	38.0	36.0
R1234yf	mass %	18.0	18.0	18.0	18.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	96.7	96.9	97.1	97.3	95.1	95.3	95.7	95.9
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	95.4	95.2	94.9	94.6	96.3	96.1	95.7	95.4
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	1.86	1.83	1.80	1.77	2.14	2.14	2.13	2.12
glide
Discharge	% (relative	101.2	100.6	100.0	99.5	104.5	104.0	103.0	102.5
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	42.7	42.0	41.3	40.6	50.7	49.7	47.7	46.8

TABLE 19

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	106	107	108	109	110	111	112	113

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	46.0	48.0	52.0	54.0	56.0	58.0	34.0	36.0
HFO-1123	mass %	34.0	32.0	28.0	26.0	24.0	22.0	44.0	42.0
R1234yf	mass %	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	22.0	22.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	96.1	96.3	96.7	96.9	97.2	97.4	95.1	95.3
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	95.2	95.0	94.5	94.2	94.0	93.7	95.3	95.1
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	2.11	2.09	2.05	2.02	1.99	1.95	2.37	2.36
glide
Discharge	% (relative	101.9	101.4	100.3	99.7	99.2	98.6	103.4	103.0
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	45.9	45.0	43.4	42.7	41.9	41.2	51.7	50.6

TABLE 20

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	114	115	116	117	118	119	120	121

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	38.0	40.0	42.0	44.0	46.0	48.0	50.0	52.0
HFO-1123	mass %	40.0	38.0	36.0	34.0	32.0	30.0	28.0	26.0
R1234yf	mass %	22.0	22.0	22.0	22.0	22.0	22.0	22.0	22.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	95.5	95.7	95.9	96.1	96.4	96.6	96.8	97.0
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	94.9	94.7	94.5	94.3	94.0	93.8	93.6	93.3
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	2.36	2.35	2.33	2.32	2.30	2.27	2.25	2.21
glide
Discharge	% (relative	102.5	102.0	101.5	101.0	100.4	99.9	99.4	98.8
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	49.6	48.6	47.6	46.7	45.8	45.0	44.1	43.4

TABLE 21

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	122	123	124	125	126	127	128	129

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	54.0	56.0	58.0	60.0	32.0	34.0	36.0	38.0
HFO-1123	mass %	24.0	22.0	20.0	18.0	44.0	42.0	40.0	38.0
R1234yf	mass %	22.0	22.0	22.0	22.0	24.0	24.0	24.0	24.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	97.2	97.4	97.6	97.9	95.2	95.4	95.6	95.8
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	93.0	92.8	92.5	92.2	94.3	94.1	93.9	93.7
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	2.18	2.14	2.09	2.04	2.61	2.60	2.59	2.58
glide
Discharge	% (relative	98.2	97.7	97.1	96.5	102.4	101.9	101.5	101.0
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	42.6	41.9	41.2	40.5	52.7	51.6	50.5	49.5

TABLE 22

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	130	131	132	133	134	135	136	137

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	40.0	42.0	44.0	46.0	48.0	50.0	52.0	54.0
HFO-1123	mass %	36.0	34.0	32.0	30.0	28.0	26.0	24.0	22.0
R1234yf	mass %	24.0	24.0	24.0	24.0	24.0	24.0	24.0	24.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	96.0	96.2	96.4	96.6	96.8	97.0	97.2	97.5
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	93.5	93.3	93.1	92.8	92.6	92.4	92.1	91.8
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	2.56	2.54	2.51	2.49	2.45	2.42	2.38	2.33
glide
Discharge	% (relative	100.5	100.0	99.5	98.9	98.4	97.9	97.3	96.8
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	48.5	47.5	46.6	45.7	44.9	44.1	43.3	42.5

TABLE 23

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	138	139	140	141	142	143	144	145

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	56.0	58.0	60.0	30.0	32.0	34.0	36.0	38.0
HFO-1123	mass %	20.0	18.0	16.0	44.0	42.0	40.0	38.0	36.0
R1234yf	mass %	24.0	24.0	24.0	26.0	26.0	26.0	26.0	26.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	97.7	97.9	98.1	95.3	95.5	95.7	95.9	96.1
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	91.6	91.3	91.0	93.2	93.1	92.9	92.7	92.5
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	2.28	2.22	2.16	2.86	2.85	2.83	2.81	2.79
glide
Discharge	% (relative	96.2	95.6	95.1	101.3	100.8	100.4	99.9	99.4
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	41.8	41.1	40.4	53.7	52.6	51.5	50.4	49.4

TABLE 24

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	146	147	148	149	150	151	152	153

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	40.0	42.0	44.0	46.0	48.0	50.0	52.0	54.0
HFO-1123	mass %	34.0	32.0	30.0	28.0	26.0	24.0	22.0	20.0
R1234yf	mass %	26.0	26.0	26.0	26.0	26.0	26.0	26.0	26.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	96.3	96.5	96.7	96.9	97.1	97.3	97.5	97.7
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	92.3	92.1	91.9	91.6	91.4	91.2	90.9	90.6
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	2.77	2.74	2.71	2.67	2.63	2.59	2.53	2.48
glide
Discharge	% (relative	99.0	98.5	97.9	97.4	96.9	96.4	95.8	95.3
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	48.4	47.4	46.5	45.7	44.8	44.0	43.2	42.5

TABLE 25

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	154	155	156	157	158	159	160	161

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	56.0	58.0	60.0	30.0	32.0	34.0	36.0	38.0
HFO-1123	mass %	18.0	16.0	14.0	42.0	40.0	38.0	36.0	34.0
R1234yf	mass %	26.0	26.0	26.0	28.0	28.0	28.0	28.0	28.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	97.9	98.2	98.4	95.6	95.8	96.0	96.2	96.3
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	90.3	90.1	89.8	92.1	91.9	91.7	91.5	91.3
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	2.42	2.35	2.27	3.10	3.09	3.06	3.04	3.01
glide
Discharge	% (relative	94.7	94.1	93.6	99.7	99.3	98.8	98.4	97.9
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	41.7	41.0	40.3	53.6	52.5	51.4	50.3	49.3

TABLE 26

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	162	163	164	165	166	167	168	169

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	40.0	42.0	44.0	46.0	48.0	50.0	52.0	54.0
HFO-1123	mass %	32.0	30.0	28.0	26.0	24.0	22.0	20.0	18.0
R1234yf	mass %	28.0	28.0	28.0	28.0	28.0	28.0	28.0	28.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	96.5	96.7	96.9	97.2	97.4	97.6	97.8	98.0
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	91.1	90.9	90.7	90.4	90.2	89.9	89.7	89.4
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	2.98	2.94	2.90	2.85	2.80	2.75	2.68	2.62
glide
Discharge	% (relative	97.4	96.9	96.4	95.9	95.4	94.9	94.3	93.8
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	48.3	47.4	46.4	45.6	44.7	43.9	43.1	42.4

TABLE 27

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	170	171	172	173	174	175	176	177

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	56.0	58.0	60.0	32.0	34.0	36.0	38.0	42.0
HFO-1123	mass %	16.0	14.0	12.0	38.0	36.0	34.0	32.0	28.0
R1234yf	mass %	28.0	28.0	28.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	98.2	98.4	98.6	96.1	96.2	96.4	96.6	97.0
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	89.1	88.8	88.5	90.7	90.5	90.3	90.1	89.7
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	2.54	2.46	2.38	3.32	3.30	3.26	3.22	3.14
glide
Discharge	% (relative	93.2	92.6	92.1	97.7	97.3	96.8	96.4	95.4
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	41.7	41.0	40.3	52.4	51.3	50.2	49.2	47.3

TABLE 28

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	178	179	180	181	182	183	184	185

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	44.0	46.0	48.0	50.0	52.0	54.0	56.0	58.0
HFO-1123	mass %	26.0	24.0	22.0	20.0	18.0	16.0	14.0	12.0
R1234yf	mass %	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	97.2	97.4	97.6	97.8	98.0	98.3	98.5	98.7
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	89.4	89.2	89.0	88.7	88.4	88.2	87.9	87.6
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	3.08	3.03	2.97	2.90	2.83	2.75	2.66	2.57
glide
Discharge	% (relative	94.9	94.4	93.9	93.3	92.8	92.3	91.7	91.1
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	46.4	45.5	44.7	43.9	43.1	42.3	41.6	40.9

TABLE 29

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	186	187	188	189	190	191	192	193

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	30.0	32.0	34.0	36.0	38.0	40.0	42.0	44.0
HFO-1123	mass %	38.0	36.0	34.0	32.0	30.0	28.0	26.0	24.0
R1234yf	mass %	32.0	32.0	32.0	32.0	32.0	32.0	32.0	32.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	96.2	96.3	96.5	96.7	96.9	97.1	97.3	97.5
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	89.6	89.5	89.3	89.1	88.9	88.7	88.4	88.2
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	3.60	3.56	3.52	3.48	3.43	3.38	3.33	3.26
glide
Discharge	% (relative	96.6	96.2	95.7	95.3	94.8	94.3	93.9	93.4
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	53.4	52.3	51.2	50.1	49.1	48.1	47.2	46.3

TABLE 30

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	194	195	196	197	198	199	200	201

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	46.0	48.0	50.0	52.0	54.0	56.0	58.0	60.0
HFO-1123	mass %	22.0	20.0	18.0	16.0	14.0	12.0	10.0	8.0
R1234yf	mass %	32.0	32.0	32.0	32.0	32.0	32.0	32.0	32.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	97.7	97.9	98.1	98.3	98.5	98.7	98.9	99.2
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	88.0	87.7	87.5	87.2	86.9	86.6	86.3	86.0
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	3.20	3.12	3.04	2.96	2.87	2.77	2.66	2.55
glide
Discharge	% (relative	92.8	92.3	91.8	91.3	90.7	90.2	89.6	89.1
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	45.4	44.6	43.8	43.0	42.3	41.5	40.8	40.2

TABLE 31

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	202	203	204	205	206	207	208	209

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	30.0	32.0	34.0	36.0	38.0	40.0	42.0	44.0
HFO-1123	mass %	36.0	34.0	32.0	30.0	28.0	26.0	24.0	22.0
R1234yf	mass %	34.0	34.0	34.0	34.0	34.0	34.0	34.0	34.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	96.5	96.6	96.8	97.0	97.2	97.4	97.6	97.8
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	88.4	88.2	88.0	87.8	87.6	87.4	87.2	87.0
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	3.84	3.80	3.75	3.70	3.64	3.58	3.51	3.43
glide
Discharge	% (relative	95.0	94.6	94.2	93.7	93.3	92.8	92.3	91.8
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	53.3	52.2	51.1	50.0	49.0	48.0	47.1	46.2

TABLE 32

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	210	211	212	213	214	215	216	217

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	46.0	48.0	50.0	52.0	54.0	30.0	32.0	34.0
HFO-1123	mass %	20.0	18.0	16.0	14.0	12.0	34.0	32.0	30.0
R1234yf	mass %	34.0	34.0	34.0	34.0	34.0	36.0	36.0	36.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	98.0	98.2	98.4	98.6	98.8	96.8	96.9	97.1
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	86.7	86.5	86.2	85.9	85.6	87.2	87.0	86.8
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	3.36	3.27	3.18	3.08	2.97	4.08	4.03	3.97
glide
Discharge	% (relative	91.3	90.8	90.3	89.7	89.2	93.4	93.0	92.6
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	45.3	44.5	43.7	42.9	42.2	53.2	52.1	51.0

TABLE 33

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	218	219	220	221	222	223	224	225

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	36.0	38.0	40.0	42.0	44.0	46.0	30.0	32.0
HFO-1123	mass %	28.0	26.0	24.0	22.0	20.0	18.0	32.0	30.0
R1234yf	mass %	36.0	36.0	36.0	36.0	36.0	36.0	38.0	38.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	97.3	97.5	97.7	97.9	98.1	98.3	97.1	97.2
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	86.6	86.4	86.2	85.9	85.7	85.5	85.9	85.7
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	3.91	3.84	3.76	3.68	3.60	3.50	4.32	4.25
glide
Discharge	% (relative	92.1	91.7	91.2	90.7	90.3	89.8	91.9	91.4
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	49.9	48.9	47.9	47.0	46.1	45.3	53.1	52.0

TABLE 34

		Example	Example
Item	Unit	226	227

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	34.0	36.0
HFO-1123	mass %	28.0	26.0
R1234yf	mass %	38.0	38.0
GWP	—	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	97.4	97.6
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	85.6	85.3
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation glide	° C.	4.18	4.11
Discharge pressure	% (relative	91.0	90.6
	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	50.9	49.8

These results indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
point A′(30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0),
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CO);
the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3,
the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),
the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines,
the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
The point on the line segment AA′ was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point A, Example 1, and point A′ by the least square method.
The point on the line segment A′B was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point A′, Example 3, and point B by the least square method.
The point on the line segment DC′ was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point D, Example 6, and point C′ by the least square method.
The point on the line segment C′C was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point C′, Example 4, and point C by the least square method.
Likewise, the results indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BF, FT, TE, EO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2),
point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
point E (58.0, 42.0, 0.0) and
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line EO);
the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),
the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2), and
the line segment TE is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.0067x²−0.2393x+36.475), and
the line segments BF, FO, and OA are straight lines,
the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A.
The point on the line segment FT was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points T, E′, and F, by the least square method.
The point on the line segment TE was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points E, R, and T, by the least square method.
The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which the sum of these components is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below the line segment LM connecting point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0) and point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), the refrigerant has an RCL of 40 g/m³or more.
The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123 and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the line segment QR connecting point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6) and point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9) or on the left side of the line segment, the refrigerant has a temperature glide of 1° C. or less.
The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the line segment ST connecting point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1) and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3) or on the right side of the line segment, the refrigerant has a discharge pressure of 105% or less relative to that of 410A.
In these compositions, R1234yf contributes to reducing flammability, and suppressing deterioration of polymerization etc. Therefore, the composition preferably contains R1234yf.
Further, the burning velocity of these mixed refrigerants whose mixed formulations were adjusted to WCF concentrations was measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Compositions having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be classified as “Class 2L (lower flammability).”
A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 901 refers to a sample cell, 902 refers to a high speed camera, 903 refers to a xenon lamp, 904 refers to a collimating lens, 905 refers to a collimating lens, and 906 refers to a ring filter. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.
Each WCFF concentration was obtained by using the WCF concentration as the initial concentration and performing a leak simulation using NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0.
Tables 35 and 36 show the results.

TABLE 35

Item	Unit	G	H	I

WCF	HFO-1132(E)	mass %	72.0	72.0	72.0
	HFO-1123	mass %	28.0	9.6	0.0
	R1234yf	mass %	0.0	18.4	28.0

Burning velocity (WCF)	cm/s	10	10	10

TABLE 36

Item	Unit	J	P	L	N	N′	K

WCF	HFO-1132(E)	mass %	47.1	55.8	63.1	68.6	65.0	61.3
	HFO-1123	mass %	52.9	42.0	31.9	16.3	7.7	5.4
	R1234yf	mass %	0.0	2.2	5.0	15.1	27.3	33.3

Leak condition that results in WCFF	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/
	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°	Shipping, −40°
	C., 92%	C., 90%	C., 90%	C., 66%	C., 12%	C., 0%
	release,	release,	release,	release,	release,	release,
	liquid phase	liquid phase	gas phase	gas phase	gas phase	gas phase
	side	side	side	side	side	side

WCFF	HFO-1132(E)	mass %	72.0	72.0	72.0	72.0	72.0	72.0
	HFO-1123	mass %	28.0	17.8	17.4	13.6	12.3	9.8
	R1234yf	mass %	0.0	10.2	10.6	14.4	15.7	18.2

Burning velocity (WCF)	cm/ s	8 or	8 or	8 or	9	9	8 or
		less	less	less			less
Burning velocity (WCFF)	cm/s	10	10	10	10	10	10

The results in Table 35 clearly indicate that when a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf contains HFO-1132(E) in a proportion of 72.0 mass % or less based on their sum, the refrigerant can be determined to have a WCF lower flammability.
The results in Tables 36 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, and a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below the line segments JP, PN, and NK connecting the following 6 points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0)
point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1)
point N′ (65.0, 7.7, 27.3) and
point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3),
the refrigerant can be determined to have a WCF lower flammability, and a WCFF lower flammability.
In the diagram, the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),
and the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x²−29.955x+931.91, −0.2421x²+28.955x−831.91).
The point on the line segment PN was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points P, L, and N, by the least square method.
The point on the line segment NK was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points N, N′, and K, by the least square method.

(5-2) Refrigerant B

The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is
a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and the refrigerant comprising 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % or 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant, or
a mixed refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and the refrigerant comprising 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.
The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e., (1) a coefficient of performance equivalent to that of R410A, (2) a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of R410A, (3) a sufficiently low GWP, and (4) a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.
When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising 72.0 mass % or less of HFO-1132(E), it has WCF lower flammability. When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is a composition comprising 47.1% or less of HFO-1132(E), it has WCF lower flammability and WCFF lower flammability, and is determined to be “Class 2L,” which is a lower flammable refrigerant according to the ASHRAE standard, and which is further easier to handle.
When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure comprises 62.0 mass % or more of HFO-1132(E), it becomes superior with a coefficient of performance of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, the polymerization reaction of HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1123 is further suppressed, and the stability is further improved. When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure comprises 45.1 mass % or more of HFO-1132(E), it becomes superior with a coefficient of performance of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, the polymerization reaction of HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1123 is further suppressed, and the stability is further improved.
The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.75 mass % or more, and more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.
Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.

Examples of Refrigerant B

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant B. However, the refrigerant B is not limited to the Examples.
Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 37 and 38.
The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in Patent Literature 1). The refrigerating capacity of compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.
Evaporating temperature: 5° C.
Condensation temperature: 45° C.
Superheating temperature: 5 K
Subcooling temperature: 5 K
Compressor efficiency: 70%
The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using NIST Standard Reference Data Base Refleak Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.
Tables 1 and 2 show GWP, COP, and refrigerating capacity, which were calculated based on these results. The COP and refrigerating capacity are ratios relative to R410A.
The coefficient of performance (COP) was determined by the following formula.
COP=(refrigerating capacity or heating capacity)/power consumption
For the flammability, the burning velocity was measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Both WCF and WCFF having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be “Class 2L (lower flammability).”
A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.

TABLE 37

		Comparative	Comparative
		Example 1	Example 2	Comparative	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Comparative
Item	Unit	R410A	HFO-1132E	Example 3	1	2	3	4	5	Example 4

HFO-1132E	mass %	—	100	80	72	70	68	65	62	60
(WCF)
HFO-1123	mass %		0	20	28	30	32	35	38	40
(WCF)
GWP	—	2088	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
COP ratio	%	100	99.7	97.5	96.6	96.3	96.1	95.8	95.4	95.2
	(relative
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	%	100	98.3	101.9	103.1	103.4	103.8	104.1	104.5	104.8
capacity	(relative
ratio	to R410A)
Discharge	Mpa	2.73	2.71	2.89	2.96	2.98	3.00	3.02	3.04	3.06
pressure
Burning	cm/sec	Non-flammable	20	13	10	9	9	8	8 or	8 or
velocity									less	less
(WCF)

TABLE 38

										Comparative
		Comparative	Comparative	Example	Example	Example	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Example 10
Item	Unit	Example 5	Example 6	7	8	9	Example 7	Example 8	Example 9	HFO-1123

HFO-1132E	mass %	50	48	47.1	46.1	45.1	43	40	25	0
(WCF)
HFO-1123	mass %	50	52	52.9	53.9	54.9	57	60	75	100
(WCF)
GWP	—	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
COP ratio	%	94.1	93.9	93.8	93.7	93.6	93.4	93.1	91.9	90.6
	(relative
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	%	105.9	106.1	106.2	106.3	106.4	106.6	106.9	107.9	108.0
capacity	(relative
ratio	to R410A)
Discharge	Mpa	3.14	3.16	3.16	3.17	3.18	3.20	3.21	3.31	3.39
pressure

Leakage test	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/	—
conditions (WCFF)	Ship-	Ship-	Ship-	Ship-	Ship-	Ship-	Ship-	Ship-
	ping −40°	ping −40°	ping −40°	ping −40°	ping −40°	ping −40°	ping −40°	ping −40°
	C., 92%	C., 92%	C., 92%	C., 92%	C., 92%	C., 92%	C., 92%	C., 90%
	release,	release,	release,	release,	release,	release,	release,	release,
	liquid	liquid	liquid	liquid	liquid	liquid	liquid	liquid
	phase	phase	phase	phase	phase	phase	phase	phase
	side	side	side	side	side	side	side	side

HFO-1132E	mass %	74	73	72	71	70	67	63	38	—
(WCFF)
HFO-1123	mass %	26	27	28	29	30	33	37	62
(WCFF)
Burning	cm/sec	8 or	8 or	8 or	8 or	8 or	8 or	8 or	8 or	5
velocity		less	less	less	less	less	less	less	less
(WCF)
Burning	cm/sec	11	10.5	10.0	9.5	9.5	8.5	8 or	8 or
velocity								less	less
(WCFF)

ASHRAE flammability	2	2	2L	2L	2L	2L	2L	2L	2L
classification

The compositions each comprising 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire composition are stable while having a low GWP (GWP=1), and they ensure WCF lower flammability. Further, surprisingly, they can ensure performance equivalent to that of R410A. Moreover, compositions each comprising 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire composition are stable while having a low GWP (GWP=1), and they ensure WCFF lower flammability. Further, surprisingly, they can ensure performance equivalent to that of R410A.

(5-3) Refrigerant C

The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure is a composition comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32), and satisfies the following requirements. The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an alternative refrigerant for R410A; i.e. it has a coefficient of performance and a refrigerating capacity that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.
Requirements
Preferable refrigerant C is as follows:
When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD′, D′C, and CG that connect the following 6 points:
point G (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0),
point I (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0),
point A (0.0134a²−1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, −0.0134a²+0.9681a+31.4),
point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3),
point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6), and
point C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),
or on the straight lines GI, AB, and D′C (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, point D′, and point C);
if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
point G (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0),
point I (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895),
point A (0.0112a²−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a²+0.9337a+31.516),
point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
point G (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0),
point I (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273),
point A (0.0107a²−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a²+0.9142a+31.695),
point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
point G (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0),
point I (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014),
point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207),
point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); and
if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
point G (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098, 0.0),
point I (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098),
point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9),
point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W). When the refrigerant according to the present disclosure satisfies the above requirements, it has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and further ensures a WCF lower flammability.
The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BD′, D′C, and CJ that connect the following 5 points:
point J (0.0049a²−0.9645a+47.1, −0.0049a²−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0),
point K′ (0.0514a²−2.4353a+61.7, −0.0323a²+0.4122a+5.9, −0.0191a²+1.0231a+32.4),
point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3),
point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6), and
point C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),
or on the straight lines JK′, K′B, and D′C (excluding point J, point B, point D′, and point C);
if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:
point J (0.0243a²−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a²+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0),
point K′ (0.0341a²−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a²+0.34a+5.636, −0.0105a²+0.8577a+33.177),
point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);
if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:
point J (0.0246a²−1.4476a+50.184, −0.0246a²+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0),
point K′ (0.0196a²−1.7863a+58.515, −0.0079a²−0.1136a+8.702, −0.0117a²+0.8999a+32.783),
point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);
if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:
point J (0.0183a²−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a²+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0),
point K′ (−0.0051a²+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a²−1.0929a+74.05),
point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207),
point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W); and
if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:
point J (−0.0134a²+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a²−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0),
point K′ (−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557),
point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9),
point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W). When the refrigerant according to the present disclosure satisfies the above requirements, it has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A. Additionally, the refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability and a WCFF lower flammability, and is classified as “Class 2L,” which is a lower flammable refrigerant according to the ASHRAE standard.
When the refrigerant C according to the present disclosure further contains R32 in addition to HFO-1132 (E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, the refrigerant may be a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
if 0<a≤10.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4 points:
point a (0.02a²−2.46a+93.4, 0, −0.02a²+2.46a+6.6),
point b′ (−0.008a²−1.38a+56, 0.018a²−0.53a+26.3, −0.01a²+1.91a+17.7),
point c (−0.016a²+1.02a+77.6, 0.016a²−1.02a+22.4, 0), and
point o (100.0-a, 0.0, 0.0)
or on the straight lines oa, ab′, and b′c (excluding point o and point c);
if 10.0<a≤16.5, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4 points:
point a (0.0244a²−2.5695a+94.056, 0, −0.0244a²+2.5695a+5.944),
point b′ (0.1161a²−1.9959a+59.749, 0.014a²−0.3399a+24.8, −0.1301a²+2.3358a+15.451),
point c (−0.0161a²+1.02a+77.6, 0.0161a²−1.02a+22.4, 0), and
point o (100.0-a, 0.0, 0.0),
or on the straight lines oa, ab′, and b′c (excluding point o and point c); or
if 16.5<a≤21.8, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4 points:
point a (0.0161a²−2.3535a+92.742, 0, −0.0161a²+2.3535a+7.258),
point b′ (−0.0435a²−0.0435a+50.406, 0.0304a²+1.8991a−0.0661, 0.0739a²−1.8556a+49.6601),
point c (−0.0161a²+0.9959a+77.851, 0.0161a²−0.9959a+22.149, 0), and
point o (100.0-a, 0.0, 0.0),
or on the straight lines oa, ab′, and b′c (excluding point o and point c). Note that when point b in the ternary composition diagram is defined as a point where a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A and a COP ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A are both achieved, point b′ is the intersection of straight line ab and an approximate line formed by connecting the points where the COP ratio relative to that of R410A is 95%. When the refrigerant according to the present disclosure meets the above requirements, the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A.
The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.
The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure may comprise HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, 99.75 mass % or more, or 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.
Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can be widely selected. The mixed refrigerant may contain one additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.

Examples of Refrigerant C

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant C. However, the refrigerant C is not limited to the Examples.
Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 39 to 96.
The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in Patent Literature 1). The refrigerating capacity of compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.
For each of these mixed refrigerants, the COP ratio and the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to those of R410 were obtained. Calculation was conducted under the following conditions.
Evaporating temperature: 5° C.
Condensation temperature: 45° C.
Superheating temperature: 5 K
Subcooling temperature: 5 K
Compressor efficiency: 70%
Tables 39 to 96 show the resulting values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant. The COP and refrigerating capacity are ratios relative to R410A.
The coefficient of performance (COP) was determined by the following formula.
COP=(refrigerating capacity or heating capacity)/power consumption

TABLE 39

			Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Ex.
		Comp.	Ex. 2	Ex. 3	Ex. 4	Ex. 5	Ex. 6	Ex. 7	Ex. 8	1
Item	Unit	Ex. 1	A	B	C	D′	G	I	J	K′

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	R410A	68.6	0.0	32.9	0.0	72.0	72.0	47.1	61.7
HFO-1123	Mass %		0.0	58.7	67.1	75.4	28.0	0.0	52.9	5.9
R1234yf	Mass %		31.4	41.3	0.0	24.6	0.0	28.0	0.0	32.4
R32	Mass %		0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GWP	—	2088	2	2	1	2	1	2	1	2
	% (relative
COP ratio	to R410A)	100	100.0	95.5	92.5	93.1	96.6	99.9	93.8	99.4
Refrigerating	% (relative
capacity ratio	to R410A)	100	85.0	85.0	107.4	95.0	103.1	86.6	106.2	85.5

TABLE 40

		Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Ex.
		Ex. 9	Ex. 10	Ex. 11	Ex. 12	Ex. 13	Ex. 14	Ex. 15	2
Item	Unit	A	B	C	D′	G	I	J	K′

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	55.3	0.0	18.4	0.0	60.9	60.9	40.5	47.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	0.0	47.8	74.5	83.4	32.0	0.0	52.4	7.2
R1234yf	Mass %	37.6	45.1	0.0	9.5	0.0	32.0	0.0	38.7
R32	Mass %	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1
GWP	—	50	50	49	49	49	50	49	50
COP ratio	% (relative	99.8	96.9	92.5	92.5	95.9	99.6	94.0	99.2
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	85.0	85.0	110.5	106.0	106.5	87.7	108.9	85.5
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 41

		Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Ex.
		Ex. 16	Ex. 17	Ex. 18	Ex.19	Ex. 20	Ex. 21	3
Item	Unit	A	B	C = D′	G	I	J	K′

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	48.4	0.0	0.0	55.8	55.8	37.0	41.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	0.0	42.3	88.9	33.1	0.0	51.9	6.5
R1234yf	Mass %	40.5	46.6	0.0	0.0	33.1	0.0	41.4
R32	Mass %	11.1	11.1	11.1	11.1	11.1	11.1	11.1
GWP	—	77	77	76	76	77	76	77
COP ratio	% (relative	99.8	97.6	92.5	95.8	99.5	94.2	99.3
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	85.0	85.0	112.0	108.0	88.6	110.2	85.4
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 42

		Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Ex.
		Ex. 22	Ex. 23	Ex. 24	Ex. 25	Ex. 26	4
Item	Unit	A	B	G	I	J	K′

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	42.8	0.0	52.1	52.1	34.3	36.5
HFO-1123	Mass %	0.0	37.8	33.4	0.0	51.2	5.6
R1234yf	Mass %	42.7	47.7	0.0	33.4	0.0	43.4
R32	Mass %	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5
GWP	—	100	100	99	100	99	100
COP ratio	% (relative	99.9	98.1	95.8	99.5	94.4	99.5
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	85.0	85.0	109.1	89.6	111.1	85.3
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 43

		Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Ex.
		Ex. 27	Ex. 28	Ex. 29	Ex. 30	Ex. 31	5
Item	Unit	A	B	G	I	J	K′

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	37.0	0.0	48.6	48.6	32.0	32.5
HFO-1123	Mass %	0.0	33.1	33.2	0.0	49.8	4.0
R1234yf	Mass %	44.8	48.7	0.0	33.2	0.0	45.3
R32	Mass %	18.2	18.2	18.2	18.2	18.2	18.2
GWP	—	125	125	124	125	124	125
COP ratio	% (relative	100.0	98.6	95.9	99.4	94.7	99.8
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	85.0	85.0	110.1	90.8	111.9	85.2
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 44

		Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Ex.
		Ex. 32	Ex. 33	Ex. 34	Ex. 35	Ex. 36	6
Item	Unit	A	B	G	I	J	K′

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	31.5	0.0	45.4	45.4	30.3	28.8
HFO-1123	Mass %	0.0	28.5	32.7	0.0	47.8	2.4
R1234yf	Mass %	46.6	49.6	0.0	32.7	0.0	46.9
R32	Mass %	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9
GWP	—	150	150	149	150	149	150
COP ratio	% (relative to	100.2	99.1	96.0	99.4	95.1	100.0
	R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative to	85.0	85.0	111.0	92.1	112.6	85.1
capacity ratio	R410A)

TABLE 45

		Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.
		Ex. 37	Ex. 38	Ex. 39	Ex. 40	Ex. 41	Ex. 42
Item	Unit	A	B	G	I	J	K′

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	24.8	0.0	41.8	41.8	29.1	24.8
HFO-1123	Mass %	0.0	22.9	31.5	0.0	44.2	0.0
R1234yf	Mass %	48.5	50.4	0.0	31.5	0.0	48.5
R32	Mass %	26.7	26.7	26.7	26.7	26.7	26.7
GWP	—	182	182	181	182	181	182
COP ratio	% (relative	100.4	99.8	96.3	99.4	95.6	100.4
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	85.0	85.0	111.9	93.8	113.2	85.0
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 46

		Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.
		Ex. 43	Ex.44	Ex. 45	Ex. 46	Ex. 47	Ex. 48
Item	Unit	A	B	G	I	J	K′

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	21.3	0.0	40.0	40.0	28.8	24.3
HFO-1123	Mass %	0.0	19.9	30.7	0.0	41.9	0.0
R1234yf	Mass %	49.4	50.8	0.0	30.7	0.0	46.4
R32	Mass %	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3
GWP	—	200	200	198	199	198	200
COP ratio	% (relative	100.6	100.1	96.6	99.5	96.1	100.4
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	85.0	85.0	112.4	94.8	113.6	86.7
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 47

		Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.
		Ex. 49	Ex. 50	Ex. 51	Ex. 52	Ex. 53	Ex. 54
Item	Unit	A	B	G	I	J	K′

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	12.1	0.0	35.7	35.7	29.3	22.5
HFO-1123	Mass %	0.0	11.7	27.6	0.0	34.0	0.0
R1234yf	Mass %	51.2	51.6	0.0	27.6	0.0	40.8
R32	Mass %	36.7	36.7	36.7	36.7	36.7	36.7
GWP	—	250	250	248	249	248	250
COP ratio	% (relative	101.2	101.0	96.4	99.6	97.0	100.4
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	85.0	85.0	113.2	97.6	113.9	90.9
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 48

		Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.
		Ex. 55	Ex. 56	Ex. 57	Ex. 58	Ex. 59	Ex. 60
Item	Unit	A	B	G	I	J	K′

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	3.8	0.0	32.0	32.0	29.4	21.1
HFO-1123	Mass %	0.0	3.9	23.9	0.0	26.5	0.0
R1234yf	Mass %	52.1	52.0	0.0	23.9	0.0	34.8
R32	Mass %	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1
GWP	—	300	300	298	299	298	299
COP ratio	% (relative	101.8	101.8	97.9	99.8	97.8	100.5
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	85.0	85.0	113.7	100.4	113.9	94.9
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 49

		Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.
		Ex. 61	Ex. 62	Ex. 63	Ex. 64	Ex. 65
Item	Unit	A = B	G	I	J	K′

HFO-	Mass %	0.0	30.4	30.4	28.9	20.4
1132(E)
HFO-1123	Mass %	0.0	21.8	0.0	23.3	0.0
R1234yf	Mass %	52.2	0.0	21.8	0.0	31.8
R32	Mass %	47.8	47.8	47.8	47.8	47.8
GWP	—	325	323	324	323	324
COP ratio	%	102.1	98.2	100.0	98.2	100.6
	(relative
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	%	85.0	113.8	101.8	113.9	96.8
capacity	(relative
ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 50

		Comp.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	Ex. 66	7	8	9	10	11	12	13

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	5.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	82.9	77.9	72.9	67.9	62.9	57.9	52.9	47.9
R1234yf	Mass %	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0
R32	Mass %	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1
GWP	—	49	49	49	49	49	49	49	49
COP ratio	% (relative	92.4	92.6	92.8	93.1	93.4	93.7	94.1	94.5
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	108.4	108.3	108.2	107.9	107.6	107.2	106.8	106.3
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 51

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Comp.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	14	15	16	17	Ex. 67	18	19	20

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	45.0	50.0	55.0	60.0	65.0	10.0	15.0	20.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	42.9	37.9	32.9	27.9	22.9	72.9	67.9	62.9
R1234yf	Mass %	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	10.0	10.0	10.0
R32	Mass %	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1
GWP	—	49	49	49	49	49	49	49	49
COP ratio	% (relative	95.0	95.4	95.9	96.4	96.9	93.0	93.3	93.6
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	105.8	105.2	104.5	103.9	103.1	105.7	105.5	105.2
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 52

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0	45.0	50.0	55.0	60.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	57.9	52.9	47.9	42.9	37.9	32.9	27.9	22.9
R1234yf	Mass %	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0
R32	Mass %	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1
GWP	—	49	49	49	49	49	49	49	49
COP ratio	% (relative	93.9	94.2	94.6	95.0	95.5	96.0	96.4	96.9
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	104.9	104.5	104.1	103.6	103.0	102.4	101.7	101.0
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 53

		Comp.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	Ex. 68	29	30	31	32	33	34	35

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	65.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	17.9	67.9	62.9	57.9	52.9	47.9	42.9	37.9
R1234yf	Mass %	10.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0
R32	Mass %	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1
GWP	—	49	49	49	49	49	49	49	49
COP ratio	% (relative	97.4	93.5	93.8	94.1	94.4	94.8	95.2	95.6
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	100.3	102.9	102.7	102.5	102.1	101.7	101.2	100.7
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 54

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Comp.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	36	37	38	39	Ex. 69	40	41	42

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	45.0	50.0	55.0	60.0	65.0	10.0	15.0	20.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	32.9	27.9	22.9	17.9	12.9	62.9	57.9	52.9
R1234yf	Mass %	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	20.0	20.0	20.0
R32	Mass %	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1
GWP	—	49	49	49	49	49	49	49	49
COP ratio	% (relative	96.0	96.5	97.0	97.5	98.0	94.0	94.3	94.6
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	100.1	99.5	98.9	98.1	97.4	100.1	99.9	99.6
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 55

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	43	44	45	46	47	48	49	50

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0	45.0	50.0	55.0	60.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	47.9	42.9	37.9	32.9	27.9	22.9	17.9	12.9
R1234yf	Mass %	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0
R32	Mass %	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1
GWP	—	49	49	49	49	49	49	49	49
COP ratio	% (relative	95.0	95.3	95.7	96.2	96.6	97.1	97.6	98.1
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	99.2	98.8	98.3	97.8	97.2	96.6	95.9	95.2
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 56

		Comp.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	Ex. 70	51	52	53	54	55	56	57

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	65.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	7.9	57.9	52.9	47.9	42.9	37.9	32.9	27.9
R1234yf	Mass %	20.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0
R32	Mass %	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1
GWP	—	49	50	50	50	50	50	50	50
COP ratio	% (relative	98.6	94.6	94.9	95.2	95.5	95.9	96.3	96.8
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	94.4	97.1	96.9	96.7	96.3	95.9	95.4	94.8
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 57

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Comp.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	58	59	60	61	Ex. 71	62	63	64

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	45.0	50.0	55.0	60.0	65.0	10.0	15.0	20.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1
R1234yf	Mass %	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	30.0	30.0	30.0
R32	Mass %	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1
GWP	—	50	50	50	50	50	50	50	50
COP ratio	% (relative	97.2	97.7	98.2	98.7	99.2	95.2	95.5	95.8
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	94.2	93.6	92.9	92.2	91.4	94.2	93.9	93.7
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 58

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit		65	66	67	68	69	70	71	72

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0	45.0	50.0	55.0	60.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	37.9	32.9	27.9	22.9	17.9	12.9	7.9	2.9
R1234yf	Mass %	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0
R32	Mass %	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1
GWP	—	50	50	50	50	50	50	50	50
COP ratio	% (relative	96.2	96.6	97.0	97.4	97.9	98.3	98.8	99.3
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	93.3	92.9	92.4	91.8	91.2	90.5	89.8	89.1
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 59

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	73	74	75	76	77	78	79	80

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0	45.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	47.9	42.9	37.9	32.9	27.9	22.9	17.9	12.9
R1234yf	Mass %	35.0	35.0	35.0	35.0	35.0	35.0	35.0	35.0
R32	Mass %	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1
GWP	—	50	50	50	50	50	50	50	50
COP ratio	% (relative	95.9	96.2	96.5	96.9	97.2	97.7	98.1	98.5
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	91.1	90.9	90.6	90.2	89.8	89.3	88.7	88.1
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 60

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	81	82	83	84	85	86	87	88

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	50.0	55.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	7.9	2.9	42.9	37.9	32.9	27.9	22.9	17.9
R1234yf	Mass %	35.0	35.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0
R32	Mass %	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1
GWP	—	50	50	50	50	50	50	50	50
COP ratio	% (relative	99.0	99.4	96.6	96.9	97.2	97.6	98.0	98.4
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	87.4	86.7	88.0	87.8	87.5	87.1	86.6	86.1
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 61

		Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.
Item	Unit	Ex. 72	Ex. 73	Ex. 74	Ex. 75	Ex. 76	Ex. 77	Ex. 78	Ex. 79

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	40.0	45.0	50.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	12.9	7.9	2.9	37.9	32.9	27.9	22.9	17.9
R1234yf	Mass %	40.0	40.0	40.0	45.0	45.0	45.0	45.0	45.0
R32	Mass %	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1
GWP	—	50	50	50	50	50	50	50	50
COP ratio	% (relative	98.8	99.2	99.6	97.4	97.7	98.0	98.3	98.7
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	85.5	84.9	84.2	84.9	84.6	84.3	83.9	83.5
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 62

		Comp.	Comp.	Comp.
Item	Unit	Ex. 80	Ex. 81	Ex. 82

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	35.0	40.0	45.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	12.9	7.9	2.9
R1234yf	Mass %	45.0	45.0	45.0
R32	Mass %	7.1	7.1	7.1
GWP	—	50	50	50
COP ratio	% (relative	99.1	99.5	99.9
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	82.9	82.3	81.7
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 63

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit		89	90	91	92	93	94	95	96

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0	45.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	70.5	65.5	60.5	55.5	50.5	45.5	40.5	35.5
R1234yf	Mass %	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0
R32	Mass %	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5
GWP	—	99	99	99	99	99	99	99	99
COP ratio	% (relative	93.7	93.9	94.1	94.4	94.7	95.0	95.4	95.8
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	110.2	110.0	109.7	109.3	108.9	108.4	107.9	107.3
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 64

		Ex.	Comp.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	97	Ex. 83	98	99	100	101	102	103

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	50.0	55.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	30.5	25.5	65.5	60.5	55.5	50.5	45.5	40.5
R1234yf	Mass %	5.0	5.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0
R32	Mass %	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5
GWP	—	99	99	99	99	99	99	99	99
COP ratio	% (relative	96.2	96.6	94.2	94.4	94.6	94.9	95.2	95.5
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	106.6	106.0	107.5	107.3	107.0	106.6	106.1	105.6
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 65

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Comp.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	104	105	106	Ex. 84	107	108	109	110

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	40.0	45.0	50.0	55.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	35.5	30.5	25.5	20.5	60.5	55.5	50.5	45.5
R1234yf	Mass %	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0
R32	Mass %	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5
GWP	—	99	99	99	99	99	99	99	99
COP ratio	% (relative	95.9	96.3	96.7	97.1	94.6	94.8	95.1	95.4
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	105.1	104.5	103.8	103.1	104.7	104.5	104.1	103.7
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 66

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Comp.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	111	112	113	114	115	Ex. 85	116	117

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	30.0	35.0	40.0	45.0	50.0	55.0	10.0	15.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	40.5	35.5	30.5	25.5	20.5	15.5	55.5	50.5
R1234yf	Mass %	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	20.0	20.0
R32	Mass %	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5
GWP	—	99	99	99	99	99	99	99	99
COP ratio	% (relative	95.7	96.0	96.4	96.8	97.2	97.6	95.1	95.3
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	103.3	102.8	102.2	101.6	101.0	100.3	101.8	101.6
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 67

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Comp.
Item	Unit	118	119	120	121	122	123	124	Ex. 86

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0	45.0	50.0	55.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	45.5	40.5	35.5	30.5	25.5	20.5	15.5	10.5
R1234yf	Mass %	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0
R32	Mass %	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5
GWP	—	99	99	99	99	99	99	99	99
COP ratio	% (relative	95.6	95.9	96.2	96.5	96.9	97.3	97.7	98.2
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	101.2	100.8	100.4	99.9	99.3	98.7	98.0	97.3
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 68

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	125	126	127	128	129	130	131	132

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0	45.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	50.5	45.5	40.5	35.5	30.5	25.5	20.5	15.5
R1234yf	Mass %	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0
R32	Mass %	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5
GWP	—	99	99	99	99	99	99	99	99
COP ratio	% (relative	95.6	95.9	96.1	96.4	96.7	97.1	97.5	97.9
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative to	98.9	98.6	98.3	97.9	97.4	96.9	96.3	95.7
capacity ratio	R410A)

TABLE 69

		Ex.	Comp.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	133	Ex. 87	134	135	136	137	138	139

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	50.0	55.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	10.5	5.5	45.5	40.5	35.5	30.5	25.5	20.5
R1234yf	Mass %	25.0	25.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0
R32	Mass %	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5
GWP	—	99	99	100	100	100	100	100	100
COP ratio	% (relative	98.3	98.7	96.2	96.4	96.7	97.0	97.3	97.7
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	95.0	94.3	95.8	95.6	95.2	94.8	94.4	93.8
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 70

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	140	141	142	143	144	145	146	147

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	40.0	45.0	50.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	15.5	10.5	5.5	40.5	35.5	30.5	25.5	20.5
R1234yf	Mass %	30.0	30.0	30.0	35.0	35.0	35.0	35.0	35.0
R32	Mass %	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5
GWP	—	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
COP ratio	% (relative	98.1	98.5	98.9	96.8	97.0	97.3	97.6	97.9
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	93.3	92.6	92.0	92.8	92.5	92.2	91.8	91.3
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 71

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	148	149	150	151	152	153	154	155

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	35.0	40.0	45.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	15.5	10.5	5.5	35.5	30.5	25.5	20.5	15.5
R1234yf	Mass %	35.0	35.0	35.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0
R32	Mass %	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5
GWP	—	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
COP ratio	% (relative	98.3	98.7	99.1	97.4	97.7	98.0	98.3	98.6
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	90.8	90.2	89.6	89.6	89.4	89.0	88.6	88.2
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 72

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.
Item	Unit	156	157	158	159	160	Ex. 88	Ex. 89	Ex. 90

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	35.0	40.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	10.5	5.5	30.5	25.5	20.5	15.5	10.5	5.5
R1234yf	Mass %	40.0	40.0	45.0	45.0	45.0	45.0	45.0	45.0
R32	Mass %	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5
GWP	—	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
COP ratio	% (relative	98.9	99.3	98.1	98.4	98.7	98.9	99.3	99.6
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	87.6	87.1	86.5	86.2	85.9	85.5	85.0	84.5
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 73

		Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.
Item	Unit	Ex. 91	Ex. 92	Ex. 93	Ex. 94	Ex. 95

HFO-	Mass %	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0
1132(E)
HFO-1123	Mass %	25.5	20.5	15.5	10.5	5.5
R1234yf	Mass %	50.0	50.0	50.0	50.0	50.0
R32	Mass %	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5
GWP	—	100	100	100	100	100
COP ratio	%	98.9	99.1	99.4	99.7	100.0
	(relative
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	%	83.3	83.0	82.7	82.2	81.8
capacity	(relative
ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 74

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	161	162	163	164	165	166	167	168

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0	45.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	63.1	58.1	53.1	48.1	43.1	38.1	33.1	28.1
R1234yf	Mass %	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0
R32	Mass %	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9
GWP	—	149	149	149	149	149	149	149	149
COP ratio	% (relative	94.8	95.0	95.2	95.4	95.7	95.9	96.2	96.6
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	111.5	111.2	110.9	110.5	110.0	109.5	108.9	108.3
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 75

		Comp.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	Ex. 96	169	170	171	172	173	174	175

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	50.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	23.1	58.1	53.1	48.1	43.1	38.1	33.1	28.1
R1234yf	Mass %	5.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0
R32	Mass %	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9
GWP	—	149	149	149	149	149	149	149	149
COP ratio	% (relative	96.9	95.3	95.4	95.6	95.8	96.1	96.4	96.7
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	107.7	108.7	108.5	108.1	107.7	107.2	106.7	106.1
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 76

		Ex.	Comp.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	176	Ex. 97	177	178	179	180	181	182

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	45.0	50.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	23.1	18.1	53.1	48.1	43.1	38.1	33.1	28.1
R1234yf	Mass %	10.0	10.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0
R32	Mass %	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9
GWP	—	149	149	149	149	149	149	149	149
COP ratio	% (relative	97.0	97.4	95.7	95.9	96.1	96.3	96.6	96.9
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	105.5	104.9	105.9	105.6	105.3	104.8	104.4	103.8
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 77

		Ex.	Ex.	Comp.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	183	184	Ex. 98	185	186	187	188	189

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	40.0	45.0	50.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	23.1	18.1	13.1	48.1	43.1	38.1	33.1	28.1
R1234yf	Mass %	15.0	15.0	15.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0
R32	Mass %	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9
GWP	—	149	149	149	149	149	149	149	149
COP ratio	% (relative	97.2	97.5	97.9	96.1	96.3	96.5	96.8	97.1
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	103.3	102.6	102.0	103.0	102.7	102.3	101.9	101.4
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 78

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Comp.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	190	191	192	Ex. 99	193	194	195	196

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	35.0	40.0	45.0	50.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	23.1	18.1	13.1	8.1	43.1	38.1	33.1	28.1
R1234yf	Mass %	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0
R32	Mass %	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9
GWP	—	149	149	149	149	149	149	149	149
COP ratio	% (relative	97.4	97.7	98.0	98.4	96.6	96.8	97.0	97.3
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	100.9	100.3	99.7	99.1	100.0	99.7	99.4	98.9
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 79

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Comp.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	197	198	199	200	Ex. 100	201	202	203

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	30.0	35.0	40.0	45.0	50.0	10.0	15.0	20.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	23.1	18.1	13.1	8.1	3.1	38.1	33.1	28.1
R1234yf	Mass %	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	30.0	30.0	30.0
R32	Mass %	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9
GWP	—	149	149	149	149	149	150	150	150
COP ratio	% (relative	97.6	97.9	98.2	98.5	98.9	97.1	97.3	97.6
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	98.5	97.9	97.4	96.8	96.1	97.0	96.7	96.3
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 80

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	204	205	206	207	208	209	210	211

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0	45.0	10.0	15.0	20.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	23.1	18.1	13.1	8.1	3.1	33.1	28.1	23.1
R1234yf	Mass %	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	35.0	35.0	35.0
R32	Mass %	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9
GWP	—	150	150	150	150	150	150	150	150
COP ratio	% (relative	97.8	98.1	98.4	98.7	99.1	97.7	97.9	98.1
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	95.9	95.4	94.9	94.4	93.8	93.9	93.6	93.3
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 81

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	212	213	214	215	216	217	218	219

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	18.1	13.1	8.1	3.1	28.1	23.1	18.1	13.1
R1234yf	Mass %	35.0	35.0	35.0	35.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0
R32	Mass %	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9
GWP	—	150	150	150	150	150	150	150	150
COP ratio	% (relative	98.4	98.7	99.0	99.3	98.3	98.5	98.7	99.0
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	92.9	92.4	91.9	91.3	90.8	90.5	90.2	89.7
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 82

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Comp.
Item	Unit	220	221	222	223	224	225	226	Ex. 101

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	30.0	35.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	10.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	8.1	3.1	23.1	18.1	13.1	8.1	3.1	18.1
R1234yf	Mass %	40.0	40.0	45.0	45.0	45.0	45.0	45.0	50.0
R32	Mass %	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9
GWP	—	150	150	150	150	150	150	150	150
COP ratio	% (relative	99.3	99.6	98.9	99.1	99.3	99.6	99.9	99.6
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	89.3	88.8	87.6	87.3	87.0	86.6	86.2	84.4
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 83

		Comp.	Comp.	Comp.
Item	Unit	Ex. 102	Ex. 103	Ex. 104

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	15.0	20.0	25.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	13.1	8.1	3.1
R1234yf	Mass %	50.0	50.0	50.0
R32	Mass %	21.9	21.9	21.9
GWP	—	150	150	150
COP ratio	% (relative	99.8	100.0	100.2
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	84.1	83.8	83.4
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 84

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Comp.
Item	Unit	227	228	229	230	231	232	233	Ex. 105

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0	45.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	55.7	50.7	45.7	40.7	35.7	30.7	25.7	20.7
R1234yf	Mass %	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0
R32	Mass %	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3
GWP	—	199	199	199	199	199	199	199	199
COP ratio	% (relative	95.9	96.0	96.2	96.3	96.6	96.8	97.1	97.3
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	112.2	111.9	111.6	111.2	110.7	110.2	109.6	109.0
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 85

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Comp.
Item	Unit	234	235	236	237	238	239	240	Ex. 106

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0	45.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	50.7	45.7	40.7	35.7	30.7	25.7	20.7	15.7
R1234yf	Mass %	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0
R32	Mass %	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3
GWP	—	199	199	199	199	199	199	199	199
COP ratio	% (relative	96.3	96.4	96.6	96.8	97.0	97.2	97.5	97.8
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	109.4	109.2	108.8	108.4	107.9	107.4	106.8	106.2
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 86

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Comp.
Item	Unit	241	242	243	244	245	246	247	Ex. 107

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0	45.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	45.7	40.7	35.7	30.7	25.7	20.7	15.7	10.7
R1234yf	Mass %	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0
R32	Mass %	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3
GWP	—	199	199	199	199	199	199	199	199
COP ratio	% (relative	96.7	96.8	97.0	97.2	97.4	97.7	97.9	98.2
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	106.6	106.3	106.0	105.5	105.1	104.5	104.0	103.4
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 87

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Comp.
Item	Unit	248	249	250	251	252	253	254	Ex. 108

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0	45.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	40.7	35.7	30.7	25.7	20.7	15.7	10.7	5.7
R1234yf	Mass %	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0
R32	Mass %	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3
GWP	—	199	199	199	199	199	199	199	199
COP ratio	% (relative	97.1	97.3	97.5	97.7	97.9	98.1	98.4	98.7
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	103.7	103.4	103.0	102.6	102.2	101.6	101.1	100.5
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 88

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	255	256	257	258	259	260	261	262

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0	10.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	35.7	30.7	25.7	20.7	15.7	10.7	5.7	30.7
R1234yf	Mass %	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	30.0
R32	Mass %	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3
GWP	—	199	199	199	199	199	199	199	199
COP ratio	% (relative	97.6	97.7	97.9	98.1	98.4	98.6	98.9	98.1
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	100.7	100.4	100.1	99.7	99.2	98.7	98.2	97.7
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 89

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	263	264	265	266	267	268	269	270

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0	10.0	15.0	20.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	25.7	20.7	15.7	10.7	5.7	25.7	20.7	15.7
R1234yf	Mass %	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	35.0	35.0	35.0
R32	Mass %	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3
GWP	—	199	199	199	199	199	200	200	200
COP ratio	% (relative	98.2	98.4	98.6	98.9	99.1	98.6	98.7	98.9
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	97.4	97.1	96.7	96.2	95.7	94.7	94.4	94.0
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 90

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	271	272	273	274	275	276	277	278

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	25.0	30.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	10.0	15.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	10.7	5.7	20.7	15.7	10.7	5.7	15.7	10.7
R1234yf	Mass %	35.0	35.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	45.0	45.0
R32	Mass %	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3
GWP	—	200	200	200	200	200	200	200	200
COP ratio	% (relative	99.2	99.4	99.1	99.3	99.5	99.7	99.7	99.8
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	93.6	93.2	91.5	91.3	90.9	90.6	88.4	88.1
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 91

		Ex.	Ex.	Comp.	Comp.
Item	Unit	279	280	Ex. 109	Ex. 110

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	20.0	10.0	15.0	10.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	5.7	10.7	5.7	5.7
R1234yf	Mass %	45.0	50.0	50.0	55.0
R32	Mass %	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3
GWP	—	200	200	200	200
COP ratio	% (relative	100.0	100.3	100.4	100.9
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	87.8	85.2	85.0	82.0
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 92

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Comp.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	281	282	283	284	285	Ex. 111	286	287

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0	10.0	15.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	40.9	35.9	30.9	25.9	20.9	15.9	35.9	30.9
R1234yf	Mass %	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	10.0	10.0
R32	Mass %	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1
GWP	—	298	298	298	298	298	298	299	299
COP ratio	% (relative	97.8	97.9	97.9	98.1	98.2	98.4	98.2	98.2
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	112.5	112.3	111.9	111.6	111.2	110.7	109.8	109.5
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 93

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Comp.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	288	289	290	Ex. 112	291	292	293	294

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	25.9	20.9	15.9	10.9	30.9	25.9	20.9	15.9
R1234yf	Mass %	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0
R32	Mass %	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1
GWP	—	299	299	299	299	299	299	299	299
COP ratio	% (relative	98.3	98.5	98.6	98.8	98.6	98.6	98.7	98.9
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	109.2	108.8	108.4	108.0	107.0	106.7	106.4	106.0
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 94

		Ex.	Comp.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	295	Ex. 113	296	297	298	299	300	301

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	30.0	35.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	10.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	10.9	5.9	25.9	20.9	15.9	10.9	5.9	20.9
R1234yf	Mass %	15.0	15.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	25.0
R32	Mass %	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1
GWP	—	299	299	299	299	299	299	299	299
COP ratio	% (relative	99.0	99.2	99.0	99.0	99.2	99.3	99.4	99.4
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	105.6	105.2	104.1	103.9	103.6	103.2	102.8	101.2
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 95

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	302	303	304	305	306	307	308	309

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	15.0	20.0	25.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	10.0	15.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	15.9	10.9	5.9	15.9	10.9	5.9	10.9	5.9
R1234yf	Mass %	25.0	25.0	25.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	35.0	35.0
R32	Mass %	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1
GWP	—	299	299	299	299	299	299	299	299
COP ratio	% (relative	99.5	99.6	99.7	99.8	99.9	100.0	100.3	100.4
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	101.0	100.7	100.3	98.3	98.0	97.8	95.3	95.1
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 96

		Ex.
Item	Unit	400

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	10.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	5.9
R1234yf	Mass %	40.0
R32	Mass %	44.1
GWP	—	299
COP ratio	% (relative	100.7
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	92.3
capacity ratio	to R410A)

The above results indicate that the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410A is 85% or more in the following cases:
When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass %, a straight line connecting a point (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0-a) is the base, and the point (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0) is on the left side, if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0134a²−1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, −0.0134a²+0.9681a+31.4) and point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3);
if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0112a²−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a²+0.9337a+31.516) and point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801);
if 18.2a<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0107a²−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a²+0.9142a+31.695) and point B(0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682);
if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207) and point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714); and
if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9) and point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05).
Actual points having a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more form a curved line that connects point A and point B in FIG. 3, and that extends toward the 1234yf side. Accordingly, when coordinates are on, or on the left side of, the straight line AB, the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410A is 85% or more.
Similarly, it was also found that in the ternary composition diagram, if 0<a≤11.1, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on, or on the left side of, a straight line D′C that connects point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6) and point C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0); or if 11.1<a≤46.7, when coordinates are in the entire region, the COP ratio relative to that of R410A is 92.5% or more.
In FIG. 3, the COP ratio of 92.5% or more forms a curved line CD. In FIG. 3, an approximate line formed by connecting three points: point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0) and points (26.6, 68.4, 5) (19.5, 70.5, 10) where the COP ratio is 92.5% when the concentration of R1234yf is 5 mass % and 10 mass was obtained, and a straight line that connects point C and point D′ (0, 75.4, 24.6), which is the intersection of the approximate line and a point where the concentration of HFO-1132(E) is 0.0 mass % was defined as a line segment D′C. In FIG. 4, point D′(0, 83.4, 9.5) was similarly obtained from an approximate curve formed by connecting point C (18.4, 74.5, 0) and points (13.9, 76.5, 2.5) (8.7, 79.2, 5) where the COP ratio is 92.5%, and a straight line that connects point C and point D′ was defined as the straight line D′C.
The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.
For the flammability, the burning velocity was measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Both WCF and WCFF having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be classified as “Class 2L (lower flammability).”
A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.
The results are shown in Tables 97 to 104.

TABLE 97

	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.
Item	Ex. 6	Ex. 13	Ex. 19	Ex. 24	Ex. 29	Ex. 34

WCF	HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	72.0	60.9	55.8	52.1	48.6	45.4
	HFO-1123	Mass %	28.0	32.0	33.1	33.4	33.2	32.7
	R1234yf	Mass %	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0
	R32	Mass %	0.0	7.1	11.1	14.5	18.2	21.9

Burning velocity (WCF)	cm/s	10	10	10	10	10	10

TABLE 98

	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.
Item	Ex. 39	Ex. 45	Ex. 51	Ex. 57	Ex. 62

WCF	HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	41.8	40	35.7	32	30.4
	HFO-1123	Mass %	31.5	30.7	23.6	23.9	21.8
	R1234yf	Mass %		0	0	0	0	0
	R32	Mass %	26.7	29.3	36.7	44.1	47.8

Burning velocity (WCF)	cm/s	10	10	10	10	10

TABLE 99

	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.
Item	Ex. 7	Ex. 14	Ex. 20	Ex. 25	Ex. 30	Ex. 35

WCF	HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	72.0	60.9	55.8	52.1	48.6	45.4
	HFO-1123	Mass %	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0
	R1234yf	Mass %	28.0	32.0	33.1	33.4	33.2	32.7
	R32	Mass %	0.0	7.1	11.1	14.5	18.2	21.9

Burning velocity (WCF)	cm/s	10	10	10	10	10	10

TABLE 100

	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.
Item	Ex. 40	Ex. 46	Ex. 52	Ex. 58	Ex. 63

WCF	HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	41.8	40	35.7	32	30.4
	HFO-1123	Mass %	0	0	0	0	0
	R1234yf	Mass %	31.5	30.7	23.6	23.9	21.8
	R32	Mass %	26.7	29.3	36.7	44.1	47.8

Burning velocity (WCF)	cm/s	10	10	10	10	10

TABLE 101

	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.
Item	Ex. 8	Ex. 15	Ex. 21	Ex. 26	Ex. 31	Ex. 36

WCF	HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	47.1	40.5	37.0	34.3	32.0	30.3
	HFO-1123	Mass %	52.9	52.4	51.9	51.2	49.8	47.8
	R1234yf	Mass %	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
	R32	Mass %	0.0	7.1	11.1	14.5	18.2	21.9

Leak condition that results in WCFF	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/
	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°
	C., 92%	C., 92%	C., 92%	C., 92%	C., 92%	C., 92%
	release,	release,	release,	release,	release,	release,
	liquid	liquid	liquid	liquid	liquid	liquid
	phase side	phase side	phase side	phase side	phase side	phase side

WCFF	HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	72.0	62.4	56.2	50.6	45.1	40.0
	HFO-1123	Mass %	28.0	31.6	33.0	33.4	32.5	30.5
	R1234yf	Mass %	0.0	0.0	0.0	20.4	0.0	0.0
	R32	Mass %	0.0	50.9	10.8	16.0	22.4	29.5

Burning velocity (WCF)	cm/ s	8 or	8 or	8 or	8 or	8 or	8 or
		less	less	less	less	less	less
Burning velocity (WCFF)	cm/s	10	10	10	10	10	10

TABLE 102

	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.
Item	Ex. 41	Ex. 47	Ex. 53	Ex. 59	Ex. 64

WCF	HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	29.1	28.8	29.3	29.4	28.9
	HFO-1123	Mass %	44.2	41.9	34.0	26.5	23.3
	R1234yf	Mass %	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
	R32	Mass %	26.7	29.3	36.7	44.1	47.8

Leak condition that results in WCFF	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/
	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°
	C., 92%	C., 92%	C., 92%	C., 90%	C., 86%
	release,	release,	release,	release,	release,
	liquid	liquid	liquid	gas	gas
	phase side	phase side	phase side	phase side	phase side

WCFF	HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	34.6	32.2	27.7	28.3	27.5
	HFO-1123	Mass %	26.5	23.9	17.5	18.2	16.7
	R1234yf	Mass %	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
	R32	Mass %	38.9	43.9	54.8	53.5	55.8

Burning velocity (WCF)	cm/s	8 or less	8 or less	8.3	9.3	9.6
Burning velocity (WCFF)	cm/s	10	10	10	10	10

TABLE 103

	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.
Item	Ex. 9	Ex. 16	Ex. 22	Ex. 27	Ex. 32	Ex. 37

WCF	HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	61.7	47.0	41.0	36.5	32.5	28.8
	HFO-1123	Mass %	5.9	7.2	6.5	5.6	4.0	2.4
	R1234yf	Mass %	32.4	38.7	41.4	43.4	45.3	46.9
	R32	Mass %	0.0	7.1	11.1	14.5	18.2	21.9

Leak condition that results in WCFF	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/
	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°
	C., 0%	C., 0%	C., 0%	C., 92%	C., 0%	C., 0%
	release,	release,	release,	release,	release,	release,
	gas	gas	gas	liquid	gas	gas
	phase side	phase side	phase side	phase side	phase side	phase side

WCFF	HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	72.0	56.2	50.4	46.0	42.4	39.1
	HFO-1123	Mass %	10.5	12.6	11.4	10.1	7.4	4.4
	R1234yf	Mass %	17.5	20.4	21.8	22.9	24.3	25.7
	R32	Mass %	0.0	10.8	16.3	21.0	25.9	30.8

Burning velocity (WCF)	cm/s	8 or less	8 or less	8 or less	8 or less	8 or less	8 or less
Burning velocity (WCFF)	cm/s	10	10	10	10	10	10

TABLE 104

	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.
Item	Ex. 42	Ex. 48	Ex. 54	Ex. 60	Ex. 65

WCF	HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	24.8	24.3	22.5	21.1	20.4
	HFO-1123	Mass %	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
	R1234yf	Mass %	48.5	46.4	40.8	34.8	31.8
	R32	Mass %	26.7	29.3	36.7	44.1	47.8

Leak condition that results in WCFF	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/
	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°
	C., 0%	C., 0%	C., 0%	C., 0%	C., 0%
	release,	release,	release,	release,	release,
	gas	gas	gas	gas	gas
	phase side	phase side	phase side	phase side	phase side

WCFF	HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	35.3	34.3	31.3	29.1	28.1
	HFO-1123	Mass %	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
	R1234yf	Mass %	27.4	26.2	23.1	19.8	18.2
	R32	Mass %	37.3	39.6	45.6	51.1	53.7

Burning velocity (WCF)	cm/s	8 or less	8 or less	8 or less	8 or less	8 or less
Burning velocity (WCFF)	cm/s	10	10	10	10	10

The results in Tables 97 to 100 indicate that the refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability in the following cases:
When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % and a straight line connecting a point (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0-a) is the base, if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0) and point I (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0);
if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0) and point I (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895); if 18.2<a_<26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0) and point I (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273); if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0) and point I (0.0111a²-1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014); and if 36.7<a_<46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098, 0.0) and point I (0.0061a²-0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098).
Three points corresponding to point G (Table 105) and point I (Table 106) were individually obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained.

TABLE 105

Item	11.1 ≥ R32 > 0	18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1	26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2

R32	0	7.1	11.1	11.1	14.5	18.2	18.2	21.9	26.7
HFO-1132(E)	72.0	60.9	55.8	55.8	52.1	48.6	48.6	45.4	41.8
HFO-1123	28.0	32.0	33.1	33.1	33.4	33.2	33.2	32.7	31.5
R1234yf	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

R32	a	a	a
HFO-1132(E)	0.026a²− 1.7478a + 72.0	0.02a²− 1.6013a + 71.105	0.0135a²− 1.4068a + 69.727
Approximate
expression
HFO-1123	−0.026a²+ 0..7478a + 28.0	−0.02a²+ 0..6013a + 28.895	−0.0135a²+ 0.4068a + 30.273
Approximate
expression
R1234yf
	0	0	0
Approximate
expression

	Item	36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7	46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7

R32	26.7	29.3	36.7	36.7	44.1	47.8
HFO-1132(E)	41.8	40.0	35.7	35.7	32.0	30.4
HFO-1123	31.5	30.7	27.6	27.6	23.9	21.8
R1234yf	0	0	0	0	0	0

R32	a	a
HFO-1132(E)	0.0111a2 − 1.3152a + 68.986	0.0061a²− 0.9918a + 63.902
Approximate
expression
HFO-1123	−0.0111a2 + 0.3152a + 31.014	−0.0061a²− 0.0082a + 36.098
Approximate
expression
R1234yf
0	0
Approximate
expression

TABLE 106

Item	11.1 ≥ R32 > 0	18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1	26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2

R32	0	7.1	11.1	11.1	14.5	18.2	18.2	21.9	26.7
HFO-1132(E)	72.0	60.9	55.8	55.8	52.1	48.6	48.6	45.4	41.8
HFO-1123	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
R1234yf	28.0	32.0	33.1	33.1	33.4	33.2	33.2	32.7	31.5

R32	a	a	a
HFO-1132(E)	0.026a²− 1.7478a + 72.0	0.02a²− 1.6013a + 71.105	0.0135a²− 1.4068a + 69.727
Approximate
expression
HFO-1123	0	0	0
Approximate
expression
R1234yf	−0.026a²+ 0.7478a + 28.0	−0.02a²+ 0.6013a + 28.895	−0.0135a²+ 0.4068a + 30.273
Approximate
expression

	Item	36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7	46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7

R32	26.7	29.3	36.7	36.7	44.1	47.8
HFO-1132(E)	41.8	40.0	35.7	35.7	32.0	30.4
HFO-1123	0	0	0	0	0	0
R1234yf	31.5	30.7	23.6	23.6	23.5	21.8

R32	x	x
HFO-1132(E)	0.0111a²− 1.3152a + 68.986	0.0061a²− 0.9918a + 63.902
Approximate
expression
HFO-1123	0	0
Approximate
expression
R1234yf	−0.0111a²+ 0.3152a + 31.014	−0.0061a²− 0.0082a + 36.098
Approximate
expression

The results in Tables 101 to 104 indicate that the refrigerant is determined to have a WCFF lower flammability, and the flammability classification according to the ASHRAE Standard is “2L (flammability)” in the following cases:
When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % and a straight line connecting a point (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0-a) is the base, if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0049a²−0.9645a+47.1, −0.0049a²−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0) and point K′(0.0514a²-2.4353a+61.7, −0.0323a²+0.4122a+5.9, −0.0191a²+1.0231a+32.4); if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates are on a straight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0243a²−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a²+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0) and point K′(0.0341a²−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a²+0.34a+5.636, −0.0105a²+0.8577a+33.177); if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0246a²−1.4476a+50.184, −0.0246a²+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0) and point K′ (0.0196a²−1.7863a+58.515, −0.0079a²-0.1136a+8.702, −0.0117a²+0.8999a+32.783); if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0183a²−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a²+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0) and point K′ (−0.0051a²+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a²−1.0929a+74.05); and if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J (−0.0134a²+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a²−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0) and point K′(−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557).
Actual points having a WCFF lower flammability form a curved line that connects point J and point K′ (on the straight line AB) in FIG. 3 and extends toward the HFO-1132(E) side. Accordingly, when coordinates are on or below the straight line JK′, WCFF lower flammability is achieved.
Three points corresponding to point J (Table 107) and point K′ (Table 108) were individually obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained.

TABLE 107

Item	11.1 ≥ R32 > 0	18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1	26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2

R32	0	7.1	11.1	11.1	14.5	18.2	18.2	21.9	26.7
HFO-1132(E)	47.1	40.5	37	37.0	34.3	32.0	32.0	30.3	29.1
HFO-1123	52.9	52.4	51.9	51.9	51.2	49.8	49.8	47.8	44.2
R1234yf	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

R32	a	a	a
HFO-1132(E)	0.0049a²− 0.9645a + 47.1	0.0243a²− 1.4161a + 49.725	0.0246a²− 1.4476a + 50.184
Approximate
expression
HFO-1123	−0.0049a²− 0.0355a + 52.9	−0.0243a²+ 0.4161a + 50.275	−0.0246a²+ 0.4476a + 49.816
Approximate
expression
R1234yf
	0	0	0
Approximate
expression

	Item	36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7	47.8 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7

R32	26.7	29.3	36.7	36.7	44.1	47.8
HFO-1132(E)	29.1	28.8	29.3	29.3	29.4	28.9
HFO-1123	44.2	41.9	34.0	34.0	26.5	23.3
R1234yf	0	0	0	0	0	0

R32	a	a
HFO-1132(E)	0.0183a²− 1.1399a + 46.493	−0.0134a²+ 1.0956a + 7.13
Approximate
expression
HFO-1123	−0.0183a²+ 0.1399a + 53.507	0.0134a²− 2.0956a + 92.87
Approximate
expression
R1234yf
0	0
Approximate
expression

TABLE 108

Item	11.1 ≥ R32 > 0	18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1	26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2

R32	0	7.1	11.1	11.1	14.5	18.2	18.2	21.9	26.7
HFO-1132(E)	61.7	47.0	41.0	41.0	36.5	32.5	32.5	28.8	24.8
HFO-1123	5.9	7.2	6.5	6.5	5.6	4.0	4.0	2.4	0
R1234yf	32.4	38.7	41.4	41.4	43.4	45.3	45.3	46.9	48.5

R32	x	x	x
HFO-1132(E)	0.0514a²− 2.4353a + 61.7	0.0341a²− 2.1977a + 61.187	0.0196a²− 1.7863a + 58.515
Approximate
expression
HFO-1123	−0.0323a²+ 0.4122a + 5.9	−0.0236a²+ 0.34a + 5.636	−0.0079a²− 0.1136a + 8.702
Approximate
expression
R1234yf	−0.0191a²+ 1.0231a + 32.4	−0.0105a²+ 0.8577a + 33.177	−0.0117a²+ 0.8999a + 32.783
Approximate
expression

	Item	36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7	46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7

R32	26.7	29.3	36.7	36.7	44.1	47.8
HFO-1132(E)	24.8	24.3	22.5	22.5	21.1	20.4
HFO-1123	0	0	0	0	0	0
R1234yf	48.5	46.4	40.8	40.8	34.8	31.8

R32	x	x
HFO-1132(E)	−0.0051a²+ 0.0929a + 25.95	−1.892a + 29.443
Approximate
expression
HFO-1123	0	0
Approximate
expression
R1234yf	0.0051a²− 1.0929a + 74.05	0.892a + 70.557
Approximate
expression

FIGS. 3 to 13 show compositions whose R32 content a (mass %) is 0 mass %, 7.1 mass %, 11.1 mass %, 14.5 mass %, 18.2 mass %, 21.9 mass %, 26.7 mass %, 29.3 mass %, 36.7 mass %, 44.1 mass %, and 47.8 mass %, respectively.
Points A, B, C, and D′ were obtained in the following manner according to approximate calculation.
Point A is a point where the content of HFO-1123 is 0 mass %, and a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% relative to that of R410A is achieved. Three points corresponding to point A were obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 109).

TABLE 109

Item	11.1 ≥ R32 > 0	18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1	26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2

R32	0	7.1	11.1	11.1	14.5	18.2	18.2	21.9	26.7
HFO-1132(E)	68.6	55.3	48.4	48.4	42.8	37	37	31.5	24.8
HFO-1123	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
R1234yf	31.4	37.6	40.5	40.5	42.7	44.8	44.8	46.6	48.5

R32	a	a	a
HFO-1132(E)	0.0134a²− 1.9681a + 68.6	0.0112a²− 1.9337a + 68.484	0.0107a²− 1.9142a + 68.305
Approximate
expression
HFO-1123	0	0	0
Approximate
expression
R1234yf	−0.0134a²+ 0.9681a + 31.4	−0.0112a²+ 0.9337a + 31.516	−0.0107a²+ 0.9142a + 31.695
Approximate
expression

	Item	36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7	46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7

R32	26.7	29.3	36.7	36.7	44.1	47.8
HFO-1132(E)	24.8	21.3	12.1	12.1	3.8	0
HFO-1123	0	0	0	0	0	0
R1234yf	48.5	49.4	51.2	51.2	52.1	52.2

R32	a	a
HFO-1132(E)	0.0103a²− 1.9225a + 68.793	0.0085a²− 1.8102a + 67.1
Approximate
expression
HFO-1123	0	0
Approximate
expression
R1234yf	−0.0103a²+ 0.9225a + 31..207	−0.0085a²+ 0.8102a + 32.9
Approximate
expression

Point B is a point where the content of HID-1132(E) is 0 mass %, and a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% relative to that of R410A is achieved.
Three points corresponding to point B were obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 110).

TABLE 110

Item	11.1 ≥ R32 > 0	18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1	26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2

R32	0	7.1	11.1	11.1	14.5	18.2	18.2	21.9	26.7
HFO-1132(E)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
HFO-1123	58.7	47.8	42.3	42.3	37.8	33.1	33.1	28.5	22.9
R1234yf	41.3	45.1	46.6	46.6	47.7	48.7	48.7	49.6	50.4

R32	a	a	a
HFO-1132(E)	0	0	0
Approximate
expression
HFO-1123	0.0144a²− 1.6377a + 58.7	0.0075a²− 1.5156a + 58.199	0.009a²− 1.6045a + 59.318
Approximate
expression
R1234yf	−0.0144a²+ 0.6377a + 41.3	−0.0075a²+ 0.5156a + 41.801	−0.009a²+ 0.6045a + 40.682
Approximate
expression

	Item	36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7	46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7

R32	26.7	29.3	36.7	36.7	44.1	47.8
HFO-1132(E)	0	0	0	0	0	0
HFO-1123	22.9	19.9	11.7	11.8	3.9	0
R1234yf	50.4	50.8	51.6	51.5	52.0	52.2

R32	a	a
HFO-1132(E)	0	0
Approximate
expression
HFO-1123	0.0046a²− 1.41a + 57.286	0.0012a²− 1.1659a + 52.95
Approximate
expression
R1234yf	−0.0046a²+ 0.41a + 42.714	−0.0012a²+ 0.1659a + 47.05
Approximate
expression

Point D′ is a point where the content of HFO-1132(E) is 0 mass %, and a COP ratio of 95.5% relative to that of R410A is achieved.
Three points corresponding to point D′ were obtained in each of the following by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 111).

	TABLE 111

	Item	11.1 ≥ R32 > 0

R32	0	7.1	11.1
HFO-1132(E)	0	0	0
HFO-1123	75.4	83.4	88.9
R1234yf	24.6	9.5	0

	R32	a
	HFO-1132(E)	0
	Approximate
	expression
	HFO-1123	0.0224a²+ 0.968a + 75.4
	Approximate
	expression
	R1234yf	−0.0224a²− 1.968a + 24.6
	Approximate
	expression

Point C is a point where the content of R1234yf is 0 mass %, and a COP ratio of 95.5% relative to that of R410A is achieved.
Three points corresponding to point C were obtained in each of the following by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 112).

	TABLE 112

	Item	11.1 ≥ R32 > 0

R32	0	7.1	11.1
HFO-1132(E)	32.9	18.4	0
HFO-1123	67.1	74.5	88.9
R1234yf	0	0	0

	R32	a
	HFO-1132(E)	−0.2304a²− 0.4062a + 32.9
	Approximate
	expression
	HFO-1123	0.2304a²− 0.5938a + 67.1
	Approximate
	expression
	R1234yf
	0
	Approximate
	expression

(5-4) Refrigerant D

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).
The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant; i.e., a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of R410A, a sufficiently low GWP, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.
The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:
point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI);
the line segment U is represented by coordinates (0.0236y²−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y²+0.7616y+28.0);
the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y²−1.9003y+58.3, y, −0.012y²+0.9003y+41.7); and
the line segments JN and EI are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.
The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM′, M′N, NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5 points:
point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),
point M′ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),
point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and
point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);
the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y²−3.34y+52.6, y, −0.132y²+2.34y+47.4);
the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates (0.0596y²−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y²+1.2541y+51.02);
the line segment VG is represented by coordinates (0.0123y²−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y²+0.8033y+60.4); and
the line segments NV and GM are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 70% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.
The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3 points:
point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),
or on these line segments;
the line segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y²−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y²−0.3299y+62.488);
the line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y²−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y²+0.7403y+43.365); and
the line segment UO is a straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 250 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.
The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of FIFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of FIFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points:
point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),
point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and
point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),
or on these line segments;
the line segment QR is represented by coordinates (0.0099y²−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y²+0.975y+15.235);
the line segment RT is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874);
the line segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y²−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y²−0.1158y+38.512);
the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates (0.0095y²−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y²+0.2222y+32.324); and
the line segment TL is a straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.
The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:
point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),
point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
or on these line segments;
the line segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y²−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y²−0.2897y+59.9);
the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874); and
the line segment TP is a straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.
The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of FIFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of FIFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ac, cf, fd, and da that connect the following 4 points:
point a (71.1, 0.0, 28.9),
point c (36.5, 18.2, 45.3),
point f (47.6, 18.3, 34.1), and
point d (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
or on these line segments;
the line segment ac is represented by coordinates (0.0181y²−2.2288y+71.096, y, −0.0181y²+1.2288y+28.904);
the line segment fd is represented by coordinates (0.02y²−1.7y+72, y, −0.02y²+0.7y+28); and
the line segments cf and da are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.
The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ab, be, ed, and da that connect the following 4 points:
point a (71.1, 0.0, 28.9),
point b (42.6, 14.5, 42.9),
point e (51.4, 14.6, 34.0), and
point d (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
or on these line segments;
the line segment ab is represented by coordinates (0.0181y²−2.2288y+71.096, y, −0.0181y²+1.2288y+28.904);
the line segment ed is represented by coordinates (0.02y²−1.7y+72, y, −0.02y²+0.7y+28); and
the line segments be and da are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 100 or less, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.
The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments gi, ij, and jg that connect the following 3 points:
point g (77.5, 6.9, 15.6),
point i (55.1, 18.3, 26.6), and
point j (77.5. 18.4, 4.1),
or on these line segments;
the line segment gi is represented by coordinates (0.02y²−2.4583y+93.396, y, −0.02y²+1.4583y+6.604); and
the line segments ij and jg are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to R410A and a GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or no changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and also has excellent stability.
The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HID-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HID-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments gh, hk, and kg that connect the following 3 points:
point g (77.5, 6.9, 15.6),
point h (61.8, 14.6, 23.6), and
point k (77.5, 14.6, 7.9),
or on these line segments;
the line segment gh is represented by coordinates (0.02y²−2.4583y+93.396, y, −0.02y²+1.4583y+6.604); and
the line segments hk and kg are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to R410A and a GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or no changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and also has excellent stability.
The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant.
Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.

Examples of Refrigerant D

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant D. However, the refrigerant D is not limited to the Examples.
The composition of each mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using the NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.
A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC. Tables 113 to 115 show the results.

TABLE 113

		Comparative		Example		Example		Example
		Example 13	Example	12	Example	14	Example	16
Item	Unit	I	11	J	13	K	15	L

WCF	HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	72	57.2	48.5	41.2	35.6	32	28.9
	R32	Mass %	0	10	18.3	27.6	36.8	44.2	51.7
	R1234yf	Mass %		28	32.8	33.2	31.2	27.6	23.8	19.4

Burning Velocity (WCF)	cm/s	10	10	10	10	10	10	10

TABLE 114

		Comparative		Example		Example
		Example 14	Example	19	Example	21	Example
Item	Unit	M	18	W	20	N	22

WCF	HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	52.6	39.2	32.4	29.3	27.7	24.6
	R32	Mass %	0.0	5.0	10.0	14.5	18.2	27.6
	R1234yf	Mass %	47.4	55.8	57.6	56.2	54.1	47.8

Leak condition that results in WCFF	Storage,	Storage,	Storage,	Storage,	Storage,	Storage,
	Shipping, −40°	Shipping, −40°	Shipping, −40°	Shipping, −40°	Shipping, −40°	Shipping, −40°
	C., 0%	C., 0%	C., 0%	C., 0%	C., 0%	C., 0%
	release, on	release, on	release, on	release, on	release, on	release, on
	the gas	the gas	the gas	the gas	the gas	the gas
	phase side	phase side	phase side	phase side	phase side	phase side

WCF	HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	72.0	57.8	48.7	43.6	40.6	34.9
	R32	Mass %	0.0	9.5	17.9	24.2	28.7	38.1
	R1234yf	Mass %	28.0	32.7	33.4	32.2	30.7	27.0

TABLE 115

		Example		Example
		23	Example	25
Item	Unit	O	24	P

WCF	HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	22.6	21.2	20.5
	HFO-1123	Mass %	36.8	44.2	51.7
	R1234yf	Mass %	40.6	34.6	27.8

Leak condition that results in WCFF	Storage,	Storage,	Storage,
	Shipping, −40°	Shipping, −40°	Shipping, −40°
	C., 0%	C., 0%	C., 0%
	release, on	release, on	release, on
	the gas	the gas	the gas
	phase side	phase side	phase side

WCFF	HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	31.4	29.2	27.1
	HFO-1123	Mass %	45.7	51.1	56.4
	R1234yf	Mass %	23.0	19.7	16.5

Burning Velocity (WCF)	cm/s	8 or less	8 or less	8 or less
Burning Velocity (WCFF)	cm/s	10	10	10

The results indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram shown in FIG. 14 in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are on the line segment that connects point I, point J, point K, and point L, or below these line segments, the refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability.
The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram shown in FIG. 14 are on the line segments that connect point M, point M′, point W, point J, point N, and point P, or below these line segments, the refrigerant has an ASHRAE lower flammability.
Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf in amounts (mass %) shown in Tables 116 to 144 based on the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf. The coefficient of performance (COP) ratio and the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410 of the mixed refrigerants shown in Tables 116 to 144 were determined. The conditions for calculation were as described below.
Evaporating temperature: 5° C.
Condensation temperature: 45° C.
Degree of superheating: 5 K
Degree of subcooling: 5 K
Compressor efficiency: 70%
Tables 116 to 144 show these values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant.

TABLE 116

			Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative
		Comparative	Example 2	Example 3	Example 4	Example 5	Example 6	Example 7
Item	Unit	Example 1	A	B	A′	B′	A″	B″

HFO-1132 (E)	Mass %	R410A	81.6	0.0	63.1	0.0	48.2	0.0
R32	Mass %		18.4	18.1	36.9	36.7	51.8	51.5
R1234yf	Mass %		0.0	81.9	0.0	63.3	0.0	48.5
GWP	—	2088	125	125	250	250	350	350
COP Ratio	% (relative to	100	98.7	103.6	98.7	102.3	99.2	102.2
	R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative to	100	105.3	62.5	109.9	77.5	112.1	87.3
Capacity	R410A)
Ratio

TABLE 117

		Comparative		Comparative		Example		Example
		Example 8	Comparative	Example 10	Example	2	Example	4
Item	Unit	C	Example 9	C′	1	R	3	T

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	85.5	66.1	52.1	37.8	25.5	16.6	8.6
R32	Mass %	0.0	10.0	18.2	27.6	36.8	44.2	51.6
R1234yf	Mass %	14.5	23.9	29.7	34.6	37.7	39.2	39.8
GWP	—	1	69	125	188	250	300	350
COP Ratio	% (relative	99.8	99.3	99.3	99.6	100.2	100.8	101.4
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	92.5	92.5	92.5	92.5	92.5	92.5	92.5
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 118

		Comparative		Example		Example	Comparative		Example
		Example 11	Example	6	Example	8	Example 12	Example	10
Item	Unit	E	5	N	7	U	G	9	V

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	58.3	40.5	27.7	14.9	3.9	39.6	22.8	11.0
R32	Mass %	0.0	10.0	18.2	27.6	36.7	0.0	10.0	18.1
R1234yf	Mass %	41.7	49.5	54.1	57.5	59.4	60.4	67.2	70.9
GWP	—	2	70	125	189	250	3	70	125
COP Ratio	% (relative	100.3	100.3	100.7	101.2	101.9	101.4	101.8	102.3
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	80.0	80.0	80.0	80.0	80.0	70.0	70.0	70.0
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 119

		Comparative		Example		Example		Example	Example
		Example 13	Example	12	Example	14	Example	16	17
Item	Unit	I	11	J	13	K	15	L	Q

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	72.0	57.2	48.5	41.2	35.6	32.0	28.9	44.6
R32	Mass %	0.0	10.0	18.3	27.6	36.8	44.2	51.7	23.0
R1234yf	Mass %	28.0	32.8	33.2	31.2	27.6	23.8	19.4	32.4
GWP	—	2	69	125	188	250	300	350	157
COP Ratio	% (relative	99.9	99.5	99.4	99.5	99.6	99.8	100.1	99.4
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	86.6	88.4	90.9	94.2	97.7	100.5	103.3	92.5
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 120

		Comparative		Example		Example
		Example 14	Example	19	Example	21	Example
Item	Unit	M	18	W	20	N	22

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	52.6	39.2	32.4	29.3	27.7	24.5
R32	Mass %	0.0	5.0	10.0	14.5	18.2	27.6
R1234yf	Mass %	47.4	55.8	57.6	56.2	54.1	47.9
GWP	—	2	36	70	100	125	188
COP Ratio	% (relative	100.5	100.9	100.9	100.8	100.7	100.4
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	77.1	74.8	75.6	77.8	80.0	85.5
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 121

		Example		Example	Example
		23	Example	25	26
Item	Unit	O	24	P	S

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	22.6	21.2	20.5	21.9
R32	Mass %	36.8	44.2	51.7	39.7
R1234yf	Mass %	40.6	34.6	27.8	38.4
GWP	—	250	300	350	270
COP Ratio	% (relative	100.4	100.5	100.6	100.4
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	91.0	95.0	99.1	92.5
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 122

		Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Example	Example	Comparative	Comparative
Item	Unit	Example 15	Example 16	Example 17	Example 18	27	28	Example 19	Example 20

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0	70.0	80.0
R32	Mass %	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0
R1234yf	Mass %	85.0	75.0	65.0	55.0	45.0	35.0	25.0	15.0
GWP	—	37	37	37	36	36	36	35	35
COP Ratio	% (relative	103.4	102.6	101.6	100.8	100.2	99.8	99.6	99.4
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	56.4	63.3	69.5	75.2	80.5	85.4	90.1	94.4
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 123

		Comparative	Comparative	Example	Comparative	Example	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative
Item	Unit	Example 21	Example 22	29	Example 23	30	Example 24	Example 25	Example 26

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0	70.0	80.0
R32	Mass %	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0
R1234yf	Mass %	80.0	70.0	60.0	50.0	40.0	30.0	20.0	10.0
GWP	—	71	71	70	70	70	69	69	69
COP Ratio	% (relative	103.1	102.1	101.1	100.4	99.8	99.5	99.2	99.1
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	61.8	68.3	74.3	79.7	84.9	89.7	94.2	98.4
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 124

		Comparative	Example	Comparative	Example	Example	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative
Item	Unit	Example 27	31	Example 28	32	33	Example 29	Example 30	Example 31

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0	70.0	80.0
R32	Mass %	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0
R1234yf	Mass %	75.0	65.0	55.0	45.0	35.0	25.0	15.0	5.0
GWP	—	104	104	104	103	103	103	103	102
COP Ratio	% (relative	102.7	101.6	100.7	100.0	99.5	99.2	99.0	98.9
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	66.6	72.9	78.6	84.0	89.0	93.7	98.1	102.2
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 125

		Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative
Item	Unit	Example 32	Example 33	Example 34	Example 35	Example 36	Example 37	Example 38	Example 39

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0	70.0	10.0
R32	Mass %	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	25.0
R1234yf	Mass %	70.0	60.0	50.0	40.0	30.0	20.0	10.0	65.0
GWP	—	138	138	137	137	137	136	136	171
COP Ratio	% (relative	102.3	101.2	100.4	99.7	99.3	99.0	98.8	101.9
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	71.0	77.1	82.7	88.0	92.9	97.5	101.7	75.0
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 126

		Example	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Example
Item	Unit	34	Example 40	Example 41	Example 42	Example 43	Example 44	Example 45	35

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0	70.0	10.0	20.0
R32	Mass %	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	30.0	30.0
R1234yf	Mass %	55.0	45.0	35.0	25.0	15.0	5.0	60.0	50.0
GWP	—	171	171	171	170	170	170	205	205
COP Ratio	% (relative	100.9	100.1	99.6	99.2	98.9	98.7	101.6	100.7
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	81.0	86.6	91.7	96.5	101.0	105.2	78.9	84.8
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 127

		Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Example	Example	Example	Comparative
Item	Unit	Example 46	Example 47	Example 48	Example 49	36	37	38	Example 50

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0
R32	Mass %	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	35.0	35.0	35.0	35.0
R1234yf	Mass %	40.0	30.0	20.0	10.0	55.0	45.0	35.0	25.0
GWP	—	204	204	204	204	239	238	238	238
COP Ratio	% (relative	100.0	99.5	99.1	98.8	101.4	100.6	99.9	99.4
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	90.2	95.3	100.0	104.4	82.5	88.3	93.7	98.6
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 128

		Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Example	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative
Item	Unit	Example 51	Example 52	Example 53	Example 54	39	Example 55	Example 56	Example 57

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	50.0	60.0	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	10.0
R32	Mass %	35.0	35.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	45.0
R1234yf	Mass %	15.0	5.0	50.0	40.0	30.0	20.0	10.0	45.0
GWP	—	237	237	272	272	272	271	271	306
COP Ratio	% (relative	99.0	98.8	101.3	100.6	99.9	99.4	99.0	101.3
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	103.2	107.5	86.0	91.7	96.9	101.8	106.3	89.3
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 129

		Example	Example	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Example	Comparative	Comparative
Item	Unit	40	41	Example 58	Example 59	Example 60	42	Example 61	Example 62

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0
R32	Mass %	45.0	45.0	45.0	45.0	50.0	50.0	50.0	50.0
R1234yf	Mass %	35.0	25.0	15.0	5.0	40.0	30.0	20.0	10.0
GWP	—	305	305	305	304	339	339	339	338
COP Ratio	% (relative	100.6	100.0	99.5	99.1	101.3	100.6	100.0	99.5
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	94.9	100.0	104.7	109.2	92.4	97.8	102.9	107.5
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 130

		Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	Example 63	Example 64	Example 65	Example 66	43	44	45	46

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	56.0	59.0	62.0	65.0
R32	Mass %	55.0	55.0	55.0	55.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0
R1234yf	Mass %	35.0	25.0	15.0	5.0	41.0	38.0	35.0	32.0
GWP	—	373	372	372	372	22	22	22	22
COP Ratio	% (relative	101.4	100.7	100.1	99.6	100.1	100.0	99.9	99.8
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	95.3	100.6	105.6	110.2	81.7	83.2	84.6	86.0
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 131

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit
	47	48	49	50	51	52	53	54

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	49.0	52.0	55.0	58.0	61.0	43.0	46.0	49.0
R32	Mass %	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	9.0	9.0	9.0
R1234yf	Mass %	45.0	42.0	39.0	36.0	33.0	48.0	45.0	42.0
GWP	—	43	43	43	43	42	63	63	63
COP Ratio	% (relative	100.2	100.0	99.9	99.8	99.7	100.3	100.1	99.9
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	80.9	82.4	83.9	85.4	86.8	80.4	82.0	83.5
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 132

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	55	56	57	58	59	60	61	62

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	52.0	55.0	58.0	38.0	41.0	44.0	47.0	50.0
R32	Mass %	9.0	9.0	9.0	12.0	12.0	12.0	12.0	12.0
R1234yf	Mass %	39.0	36.0	33.0	50.0	47.0	44.0	41.0	38.0
GWP	—	63	63	63	83	83	83	83	83
COP Ratio	% (relative	99.8	99.7	99.6	100.3	100.1	100.0	99.8	99.7
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	85.0	86.5	87.9	80.4	82.0	83.5	85.1	86.6
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 133

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	63	64	65	66	67	68	69	70

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	53.0	33.0	36.0	39.0	42.0	45.0	48.0	51.0
R32	Mass %	12.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0
R1234yf	Mass %	35.0	52.0	49.0	46.0	43.0	40.0	37.0	34.0
GWP	—	83	104	104	103	103	103	103	103
COP Ratio	% (relative	99.6	100.5	100.3	100.1	99.9	99.7	99.6	99.5
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	88.0	80.3	81.9	83.5	85.0	86.5	88.0	89.5
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 134

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	71	72	73	74	75	76	77	78

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	29.0	32.0	35.0	38.0	41.0	44.0	47.0	36.0
R32	Mass %	18.0	18.0	18.0	18.0	18.0	18.0	18.0	3.0
R1234yf	Mass %	53.0	50.0	47.0	44.0	41.0	38.0	35.0	61.0
GWP	—	124	124	124	124	124	123	123	23
COP Ratio	% (relative	100.6	100.3	100.1	99.9	99.8	99.6	99.5	101.3
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	80.6	82.2	83.8	85.4	86.9	88.4	89.9	71.0
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 135

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	79	80	81	82	83	84	85	86

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	39.0	42.0	30.0	33.0	36.0	26.0	29.0	32.0
R32	Mass %	3.0	3.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	9.0	9.0	9.0
R1234yf	Mass %	58.0	55.0	64.0	61.0	58.0	65.0	62.0	59.0
GWP	—	23	23	43	43	43	64	64	63
COP Ratio	% (relative	101.1	100.9	101.5	101.3	101.0	101.6	101.3	101.1
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	72.7	74.4	70.5	72.2	73.9	71.0	72.8	74.5
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 136

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	87	88	89	90	91	92	93	94

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	21.0	24.0	27.0	30.0	16.0	19.0	22.0	25.0
R32	Mass %	12.0	12.0	12.0	12.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0
R1234yf	Mass %	67.0	64.0	61.0	58.0	69.0	66.0	63.0	60.0
GWP	—	84	84	84	84	104	104	104	104
COP Ratio	% (relative	101.8	101.5	101.2	101.0	102.1	101.8	101.4	101.2
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	70.8	72.6	74.3	76.0	70.4	72.3	74.0	75.8
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 137

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit
	95	96	97	98	99	100	101	102

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	28.0	12.0	15.0	18.0	21.0	24.0	27.0	25.0
R32	Mass %	15.0	18.0	18.0	18.0	18.0	18.0	18.0	21.0
R1234yf	Mass %	57.0	70.0	67.0	64.0	61.0	58.0	55.0	54.0
GWP	—	104	124	124	124	124	124	124	144
COP Ratio	% (relative	100.9	102.2	101.9	101.6	101.3	101.0	100.7	100.7
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	77.5	70.5	72.4	74.2	76.0	77.7	79.4	80.7
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 138

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	103	104	105	106	107	108	109	110

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	21.0	24.0	17.0	20.0	23.0	13.0	16.0	19.0
R32	Mass %	24.0	24.0	27.0	27.0	27.0	30.0	30.0	30.0
R1234yf	Mass %	55.0	52.0	56.0	53.0	50.0	57.0	54.0	51.0
GWP	—	164	164	185	185	184	205	205	205
COP Ratio	% (relative	100.9	100.6	101.1	100.8	100.6	101.3	101.0	100.8
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	80.8	82.5	80.8	82.5	84.2	80.7	82.5	84.2
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 139

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	111	112	113	114	115	116	117	118

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	22.0	9.0	12.0	15.0	18.0	21.0	8.0	12.0
R32	Mass %	30.0	33.0	33.0	33.0	33.0	33.0	36.0	36.0
R1234yf	Mass %	48.0	58.0	55.0	52.0	49.0	46.0	56.0	52.0
GWP	—	205	225	225	225	225	225	245	245
COP Ratio	% (relative	100.5	101.6	101.3	101.0	100.8	100.5	101.6	101.2
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	85.9	80.5	82.3	84.1	85.8	87.5	82.0	84.4
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 140

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	119	120	121	122	123	124	125	126

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	15.0	18.0	21.0	42.0	39.0	34.0	37.0	30.0
R32	Mass %	36.0	36.0	36.0	25.0	28.0	31.0	31.0	34.0
R1234yf	Mass %	49.0	46.0	43.0	33.0	33.0	35.0	32.0	36.0
GWP	—	245	245	245	170	191	211	211	231
COP Ratio	% (relative	101.0	100.7	100.5	99.5	99.5	99.8	99.6	99.9
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	86.2	87.9	89.6	92.7	93.4	93.0	94.5	93.0
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 141

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	127	128	129	130	131	132	133	134

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	33.0	36.0	24.0	27.0	30.0	33.0	23.0	26.0
R32	Mass %	34.0	34.0	37.0	37.0	37.0	37.0	40.0	40.0
R1234yf	Mass %	33.0	30.0	39.0	36.0	33.0	30.0	37.0	34.0
GWP	—	231	231	252	251	251	251	272	272
COP Ratio	% (relative	99.8	99.6	100.3	100.1	99.9	99.8	100.4	100.2
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	94.5	96.0	91.9	93.4	95.0	96.5	93.3	94.9
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 142

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	135	136	137	138	139	140	141	142

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	29.0	32.0	19.0	22.0	25.0	28.0	31.0	18.0
R32	Mass %	40.0	40.0	43.0	43.0	43.0	43.0	43.0	46.0
R1234yf	Mass %	31.0	28.0	38.0	35.0	32.0	29.0	26.0	36.0
GWP	—	272	271	292	292	292	292	292	312
COP Ratio	% (relative	100.0	99.8	100.6	100.4	100.2	100.1	99.9	100.7
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	96.4	97.9	93.1	94.7	96.2	97.8	99.3	94.4
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 143

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	143	144	145	146	147	148	149	150

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	21.0	23.0	26.0	29.0	13.0	16.0	19.0	22.0
R32	Mass %	46.0	46.0	46.0	46.0	49.0	49.0	49.0	49.0
R1234yf	Mass %	33.0	31.0	28.0	25.0	38.0	35.0	32.0	29.0
GWP	—	312	312	312	312	332	332	332	332
COP Ratio	% (relative	100.5	100.4	100.2	100.0	101.1	100.9	100.7	100.5
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	96.0	97.0	98.6	100.1	93.5	95.1	96.7	98.3
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 144

		Example	Example
Item	Unit	151	152

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	25.0	28.0
R32	Mass %	49.0	49.0
R1234yf	Mass %	26.0	23.0
GWP	—	332	332
COP Ratio	% (relative	100.3	100.1
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	99.8	101.3
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments U, JN, NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:
point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI),
the line segment U is represented by coordinates (0.0236y²−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y²+0.7616y+28.0),
the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y²−1.9003y+58.3, y, −0.012y²+0.9003y+41.7), and
the line segments JN and EI are straight lines, the refrigerant D has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.
The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM′, M′N, NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5 points:
point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),
point M′ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),
point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and
point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM),
the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y²−3.34y+52.6, y, −0.132y²+2.34y+47.4),
the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates (0.0596y²−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y²+1.2541y+51.02),
the line segment VG is represented by coordinates (0.0123y²−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y²+0.8033y+60.4), and
the line segments NV and GM are straight lines, the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 70% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.
The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3 points:
point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),
or on these line segments,
the line segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y²−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y²−0.3299y+62.488),
the line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y²−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y²+0.7403y+43.365), and
the line segment UO is a straight line, the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 250 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.
The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points:
point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),
point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and
point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),
or on these line segments,
the line segment QR is represented by coordinates (0.0099y²−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y²+0.975y+15.235),
the line segment RT is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874),
the line segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y²−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y²−0.1158y+38.512),
the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates (0.0095y²−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y²+0.2222y+32.324), and
the line segment TL is a straight line, the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.
The results further indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:
point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),
point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
or on these line segments,
the line segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y²−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y²−0.2897y+59.9),
the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874), and
the line segment TP is a straight line, the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

(5-5) Refrigerant E

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32).
The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e., a coefficient of performance equivalent to that of R410A and a sufficiently low GWP.
The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments 1K, KB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GI that connect the following 6 points:
point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4),
point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),
point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GI);
the line segment IK is represented by coordinates (0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.0, z),
the line segment HR is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z),
the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments KB′ and GI are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has WCF lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments U, JR, RG, and GI that connect the following 4 points:
point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GI);
the line segment U is represented by coordinates (0.025z²−1.7429z+72.0, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.0, z),
the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments JR and GI are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has WCF lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MP, PB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GM that connect the following 6 points:
point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),
point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),
point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GM);
the line segment MP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z),
the line segment HR is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z),
the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments PB′ and GM are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MN, NR, RG, and GM that connect the following 4 points:
point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);
the line segment MN is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z),
the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491 z²+0.1544z+61.5, z),
the line segments NR and GM are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.
The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:
point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),
point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and
point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2),
or on these line segments;
the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (−0.0982z²+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z²−1.9622z+59.069, z),
the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z), and
the line segment PS is a straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 94.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QB″, B″D, DU, and UQ that connect the following 4 points:
point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),
point B″ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0),
point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and
point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment B″D);
the line segment DU is represented by coordinates (−3.4962z²+210.71 z−3146.1, 3.4962z²−211.71z+3246.1, z),
the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates (0.0135z²−0.9181z+44.133, −0.0135z²−0.0819z+55.867, z), and
the line segments QB″ and B″D are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 96% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 250 or less.
The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HID-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HID-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc′, c′d′, d′e′, e′a′, and a′O that connect the following 5 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
point c′(56.7, 43.3, 0.0),
point d′ (52.2, 38.3, 9.5),
point e′ (41.8, 39.8, 18.4), and
point a′ (81.6, 0.0, 18.4),
or on the line segments c′d′, d′e′, and e′a′ (excluding the points c′ and a′);
the line segment c′d′ is represented by coordinates (−0.0297z²−0.1915z+56.7, 0.0297z²+1.1915z+43.3, z),
the line segment d′e′ is represented by coordinates (−0.0535z²+0.3229z+53.957, 0.0535z²+0.6771z+46.043, z), and
the line segments Oc′, e′a′, and a′O are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HID-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HID-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc, cd, de, ea′, and a′O that connect the following 5 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
point c (77.7, 22.3, 0.0),
point d (76.3, 14.2, 9.5),
point e (72.2, 9.4, 18.4), and
point a′ (81.6, 0.0, 18.4),
or on the line segments cd, de, and ea′ (excluding the points c and a′);
the line segment cde is represented by coordinates (−0.017z²+0.0148z+77.684, 0.017z²+0.9852z+22.316, z), and
the line segments Oc, ea′, and a′O are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of FIFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of FIFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc′, c′d′, d′a, and aO that connect the following 5 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
point c′(56.7, 43.3, 0.0),
point d′ (52.2, 38.3, 9.5), and
point a (90.5, 0.0, 9.5),
or on the line segments c′d′ and d′a (excluding the points c′ and a);
the line segment c′d′ is represented by coordinates (−0.0297z²−0.1915z+56.7, 0.0297z²+1.1915z+43.3, z), and
the line segments Oc′, d′a, and aO are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.
The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HID-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HID-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc, cd, da, and aO that connect the following 4 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
point c (77.7, 22.3, 0.0),
point d (76.3, 14.2, 9.5), and
point a (90.5, 0.0, 9.5),
or on the line segments cd and da (excluding the points c and a);
the line segment cd is represented by coordinates (−0.017z²+0.0148z+77.684, 0.017z²+0.9852z+22.316, z), and
the line segments Oc, da, and aO are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.
The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and even more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.
Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.

Examples of Refrigerant E

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant E. However, the refrigerant E is not limited to the Examples.
Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 145 and 146.
The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Data Base Refleak Version 4.0 under the conditions for equipment, storage, shipping, leak, and recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.
For each mixed refrigerant, the burning velocity was measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. When the burning velocities of the WCF composition and the WCFF composition are 10 cm/s or less, the flammability of such a refrigerant is classified as Class 2L (lower flammability) in the ASHRAE flammability classification.
A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.
Tables 145 and 146 show the results.

TABLE 145

Item	Unit	I	J	K	L

WCF	HFO-1132(E)	mass %	72.0	57.7	48.4	35.5
	HFO-1123	mass %	28.0	32.8	33.2	27.5
	R32	mass %	0.0	9.5	18.4	37.0

Burning velocity (WCF)	cm/s	10	10	10	10

TABLE 146

Item	Unit	M	N	T	P	U	Q

WCF	HFO-1132(E)	mass %	47.1	38.5	34.8	31.8	28.7	28.6
	HFO-1123	mass %	52.9	52.1	51.0	49.8	41.2	34.4
	R32	mass %	0.0	9.5	14.2	18.4	30.1	37.0

Leak condition that results in WCFF	Storage,	Storage,	Storage,	Storage,	Storage,	Storage,
	Shipping, −40°	Shipping, −40°	Shipping, −40°	Shipping, −40°	Shipping, −40°	Shipping, −40°
	C., 92%,	C., 92%,	C., 92%,	C., 92%,	C., 92%,	C., 92%,
	release, on	release, on	release, on	release, on	release, on	release, on
	the liquid	the liquid	the liquid	the liquid	the liquid	the liquid
	phase side	phase side	phase side	phase side	phase side	phase side

WCFF	HFO-1132(E)	mass %	72.0	58.9	51.5	44.6	31.4	27.1
	HFO-1123	mass %	28.0	32.4	33.1	32.6	23.2	18.3
	R32	mass %	0.0	8.7	15.4	22.8	45.4	54.6

The results in Table 1 indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below line segments 1K and KL that connect the following 3 points:
point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), and
point L (35.5, 27.5, 37.0);
the line segment IK is represented by coordinates
(0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.00, z), and
the line segment KL is represented by coordinates
(0.0098z²−1.238z+67.852, −0.0098z²+0.238z+32.148, z),
it can be determined that the refrigerant has WCF lower flammability.
For the points on the line segment IK, an approximate curve (x=0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00) was obtained from three points, i.e., I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5), and K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4) by using the least-square method to determine coordinates (x=0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00, y=100−z−x=−0.00922z²+0.2114z+32.443, z).
Likewise, for the points on the line segment KL, an approximate curve was determined from three points, i.e., K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), Example 10 (41.1, 31.2, 27.7), and L (35.5, 27.5, 37.0) by using the least-square method to determine coordinates.
The results in Table 146 indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below line segments MP and PQ that connect the following 3 points:
point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), and
point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),
it can be determined that the refrigerant has ASHRAE lower flammability.
In the above, the line segment MP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z), and the line segment PQ is represented by coordinates (0.0135z²−0.9181z+44.133, −0.0135z²−0.0819z+55.867, z).
For the points on the line segment MP, an approximate curve was obtained from three points, i.e., points M, N, and P, by using the least-square method to determine coordinates. For the points on the line segment PQ, an approximate curve was obtained from three points, i.e., points P, U, and Q, by using the least-square method to determine coordinates.
The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in Patent Literature 1). The refrigerating capacity of compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.
The COP ratio and the refrigerating capacity (which may be referred to as “cooling capacity” or “capacity”) ratio relative to those of R410 of the mixed refrigerants were determined. The conditions for calculation were as described below.
Evaporating temperature: 5° C.
Condensation temperature: 45° C.
Degree of superheating: 5K
Degree of subcooling: 5K
Compressor efficiency: 70%
Tables 147 to 166 show these values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant.

TABLE 147

			Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative
		Comparative	Example 2	Example 3	Example 4	Example 5	Example 6	Example 7
Item	Unit	Example 1	A	B	A′	B′	A″	B″

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	R410A	90.5	0.0	81.6	0.0	63.0	0.0
HFO-1123	mass %		0.0	90.5	0.0	81.6	0.0	63.0
R32	mass %		9.5	9.5	18.4	18.4	37.0	37.0
GWP	—	2088	65	65	125	125	250	250
COP ratio	% (relative	100	99.1	92.0	98.7	93.4	98.7	96.1
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	100	102.2	111.6	105.3	113.7	110.0	115.4
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 148

		Comparative	Comparative		Example		Comparative
		Example 8	Example 9	Comparative	1	Example	Example 11
Item	Unit	O	C	Example 10	U	2	D

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	100.0	50.0	41.1	28.7	15.2	0.0
HFO-1123	mass %	0.0	31.6	34.6	41.2	52.7	67.0
R32	mass %	0.0	18.4	24.3	30.1	32.1	33.0
GWP	—	1	125	165	204	217	228
COP ratio	% (relative	99.7	96.0	96.0	96.0	96.0	96.0
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	98.3	109.9	111.7	113.5	114.8	115.4
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 149

		Comparative		Example	Example	Comparative
		Example 12	Comparative	3	4	Example 14
Item	Unit	E	Example 13	T	S	F

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	53.4	43.4	34.8	25.4	0.0
HFO-1123	mass %	46.6	47.1	51.0	56.2	74.1
R32	mass %	0.0	9.5	14.2	18.4	25.9
GWP	—	1	65	97	125	176
COP ratio	% (relative	94.5	94.5	94.5	94.5	94.5
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	105.6	109.2	110.8	112.3	114.8
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 150

		Comparative				Comparative
		Example 15		Example 6		Example 16
Item	Unit	G	Example 5	R	Example 7	H

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	38.5	31.5	23.1	16.9	0.0
HFO-1123	mass %	61.5	63.5	67.4	71.1	84.2
R32	mass %	0.0	5.0	9.5	12.0	15.8
GWP	—	1	35	65	82	107
COP ratio	% (relative to	93.0	93.0	93.0	93.0	93.0
	R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative to	107.0	109.1	110.9	111.9	113.2
capacity ratio	R410A)

TABLE 151

		Comparative	Example	Example		Comparative
		Example 17	8	9	Comparative	Example 19
Item	Unit	I	J	K	Example 18	L

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	72.0	57.7	48.4	41.1	35.5
HFO-1123	mass %	28.0	32.8	33.2	31.2	27.5
R32	mass %	0.0	9.5	18.4	27.7	37.0
GWP	—	1	65	125	188	250
COP ratio	% (relative	96.6	95.8	95.9	96.4	97.1
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	103.1	107.4	110.1	112.1	113.2
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 152

		Comparative	Example	Example	Example
		Example 20	10	11	12
Item	Unit	M	N	P	Q

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	47.1	38.5	31.8	28.6
HFO-1123	mass %	52.9	52.1	49.8	34.4
R32	mass %	0.0	9.5	18.4	37.0
GWP	—	1	65	125	250
COP ratio	% (relative	93.9	94.1	94.7	96.9
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	106.2	109.7	112.0	114.1
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 153

		Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Example	Example	Example	Comparative	Comparative
Item	Unit	Example 22	Example 23	Example 24	14	15	16	Example 25	Example 26

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0	70.0	80.0
HFO-1123	mass %	85.0	75.0	65.0	55.0	45.0	35.0	25.0	15.0
R32	mass %	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0
GWP	—	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35
COP ratio	% (relative	91.7	92.2	92.9	93.7	94.6	95.6	96.7	97.7
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	110.1	109.8	109.2	108.4	107.4	106.1	104.7	103.1
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 154

		Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Example	Example	Example	Comparative	Comparative
Item	Unit	Example 27	Example 28	Example 29	17	18	19	Example 30	Example 31

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	90.0	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0	70.0
HFO-1123	mass %	5.0	80.0	70.0	60.0	50.0	40.0	30.0	20.0
R32	mass %	5.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0
GWP	—	35	68	68	68	68	68	68	68
COP ratio	% (relative	98.8	92.4	92.9	93.5	94.3	95.1	96.1	97.0
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	101.4	111.7	111.3	110.6	109.6	108.5	107.2	105.7
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 155

		Comparative	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Comparative	Comparative
Item	Unit	Example 32	20	21	22	23	24	Example 33	Example 34

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	80.0	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0	70.0
HFO-1123	mass %	10.0	75.0	65.0	55.0	45.0	35.0	25.0	15.0
R32	mass %	10.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0
GWP	—	68	102	102	102	102	102	102	102
COP ratio	% (relative	98.0	93.1	93.6	94.2	94.9	95.6	96.5	97.4
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	104.1	112.9	112.4	111.6	110.6	109.4	108.1	106.6
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 156

		Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative
Item	Unit	Example 35	Example 36	Example 37	Example 38	Example 39	Example 40	Example 41	Example 42

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	80.0	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0	70.0
HFO-1123	mass %	5.0	70.0	60.0	50.0	40.0	30.0	20.0	10.0
R32	mass %	15.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0
GWP	—	102	136	136	136	136	136	136	136
COP ratio	% (relative	98.3	93.9	94.3	94.8	95.4	96.2	97.0	97.8
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	105.0	113.8	113.2	112.4	111.4	110.2	108.8	107.3
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 157

		Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative
Item	Unit	Example 43	Example 44	Example 45	Example 46	Example 47	Example 48	Example 49	Example 50

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0	70.0	10.0
HFO-1123	mass %	65.0	55.0	45.0	35.0	25.0	15.0	5.0	60.0
R32	mass %	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	30.0
GWP	—	170	170	170	170	170	170	170	203
COP ratio	% (relative	94.6	94.9	95.4	96.0	96.7	97.4	98.2	95.3
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	114.4	113.8	113.0	111.9	110.7	109.4	107.9	114.8
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 158

		Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Example	Example	Comparative
Item	Unit	Example 51	Example 52	Example 53	Example 54	Example 55	25	26	Example 56

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0	10.0	20.0	30.0
HFO-1123	mass %	50.0	40.0	30.0	20.0	10.0	55.0	45.0	35.0
R32	mass %	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	35.0	35.0	35.0
GWP	—	203	203	203	203	203	237	237	237
COP ratio	% (relative	95.6	96.0	96.6	97.2	97.9	96.0	96.3	96.6
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	114.2	113.4	112.4	111.2	109.8	115.1	114.5	113.6
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 159

		Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative
Item	Unit	Example 57	Example 58	Example 59	Example 60	Example 61	Example 62	Example 63	Example 64

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	40.0	50.0	60.0	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0
HFO-1123	mass %	25.0	15.0	5.0	50.0	40.0	30.0	20.0	10.0
R32	mass %	35.0	35.0	35.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0
GWP	—	237	237	237	271	271	271	271	271
COP ratio	% (relative	97.1	97.7	98.3	96.6	96.9	97.2	97.7	98.2
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	112.6	111.5	110.2	115.1	114.6	113.8	112.8	111.7
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 160

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit
	27	28	29	30	31	32	33	34

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	38.0	40.0	42.0	44.0	35.0	37.0	39.0	41.0
HFO-1123	mass %	60.0	58.0	56.0	54.0	61.0	59.0	57.0	55.0
R32	mass %	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0
GWP	—	14	14	14	14	28	28	28	28
COP ratio	% (relative	93.2	93.4	93.6	93.7	93.2	93.3	93.5	93.7
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	107.7	107.5	107.3	107.2	108.6	108.4	108.2	108.0
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 161

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit
	35	36	37	38	39	40	41	42

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	43.0	31.0	33.0	35.0	37.0	39.0	41.0	27.0
HFO-1123	mass %	53.0	63.0	61.0	59.0	57.0	55.0	53.0	65.0
R32	mass %	4.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	8.0
GWP	—	28	41	41	41	41	41	41	55
COP ratio	% (relative	93.9	93.1	93.2	93.4	93.6	93.7	93.9	93.0
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	107.8	109.5	109.3	109.1	109.0	108.8	108.6	110.3
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 162

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	43	44	45	46	47	48	49	50

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	29.0	31.0	33.0	35.0	37.0	39.0	32.0	32.0
HFO-1123	mass %	63.0	61.0	59.0	57.0	55.0	53.0	51.0	50.0
R32	mass %	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	17.0	18.0
GWP	—	55	55	55	55	55	55	116	122
COP ratio	% (relative	93.2	93.3	93.5	93.6	93.8	94.0	94.5	94.7
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	110.1	110.0	109.8	109.6	109.5	109.3	111.8	111.9
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 163

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	51	52	53	54	55	56	57	58

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	30.0	27.0	21.0	23.0	25.0	27.0	11.0	13.0
HFO-1123	mass %	52.0	42.0	46.0	44.0	42.0	40.0	54.0	52.0
R32	mass %	18.0	31.0	33.0	33.0	33.0	33.0	35.0	35.0
GWP	—	122	210	223	223	223	223	237	237
COP ratio	% (relative	94.5	96.0	96.0	96.1	96.2	96.3	96.0	96.0
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	112.1	113.7	114.3	114.2	114.0	113.8	115.0	114.9
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 164

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit
	59	60	61	62	63	64	65	66

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	15.0	17.0	19.0	21.0	23.0	25.0	27.0	11.0
HFO-1123	mass %	50.0	48.0	46.0	44.0	42.0	40.0	38.0	52.0
R32	mass %	35.0	35.0	35.0	35.0	35.0	35.0	35.0	37.0
GWP	—	237	237	237	237	237	237	237	250
COP ratio	% (relative	96.1	96.2	96.2	96.3	96.4	96.4	96.5	96.2
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	114.8	114.7	114.5	114.4	114.2	114.1	113.9	115.1
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 165

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	67	68	69	70	71	72	73	74

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	13.0	15.0	17.0	15.0	17.0	19.0	21.0	23.0
HFO-1123	mass %	50.0	48.0	46.0	50.0	48.0	46.0	44.0	42.0
R32	mass %	37.0	37.0	37.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GWP	—	250	250	250	237	237	237	237	237
COP ratio	% (relative	96.3	96.4	96.4	96.1	96.2	96.2	96.3	96.4
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	115.0	114.9	114.7	114.8	114.7	114.5	114.4	114.2
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 166

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	75	76	77	78	79	80	81	82

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	25.0	27.0	11.0	19.0	21.0	23.0	25.0	27.0
HFO-1123	mass %	40.0	38.0	52.0	44.0	42.0	40.0	38.0	36.0
R32	mass %	0.0	0.0	0.0	37.0	37.0	37.0	37.0	37.0
GWP	—	237	237	250	250	250	250	250	250
COP ratio	% (relative	96.4	96.5	96.2	96.5	96.5	96.6	96.7	96.8
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	114.1	113.9	115.1	114.6	114.5	114.3	114.1	114.0
capacity ratio	to R410A)

The above results indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, and the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments that connect the following 4 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
point A″ (63.0, 0.0, 37.0),
point B″ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0), and
point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0),
or on these line segments,
the refrigerant has a GWP of 250 or less.
The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments that connect the following 4 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
point A′ (81.6, 0.0, 18.4),
point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4), and
point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0),
or on these line segments,
the refrigerant has a GWP of 125 or less.
The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments that connect the following 4 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
point A (90.5, 0.0, 9.5),
point B (0.0, 90.5, 9.5), and
point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0),
or on these line segments,
the refrigerant has a GWP of 65 or less.
The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3 points:
point C (50.0, 31.6, 18.4),
point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1), and
point D(52.2, 38.3, 9.5),
or on these line segments,
the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 96% or more relative to that of R410A.
In the above, the line segment CU is represented by coordinates (−0.0538z²+0.7888z+53.701, 0.0538z²−1.7888z+46.299, z), and the line segment UD is represented by coordinates (−3.4962z²+210.71z−3146.1, 3.4962z²−211.71z+3246.1, z).
The points on the line segment CU are determined from three points, i.e., point C, Comparative Example 10, and point U, by using the least-square method.
The points on the line segment UD are determined from three points, i.e., point U, Example 2, and point D, by using the least-square method.
The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3 points:
point E (55.2, 44.8, 0.0),
point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2), and
point F (0.0, 76.7, 23.3),
or on these line segments,
the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 94.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
In the above, the line segment ET is represented by coordinates (−0.0547z²−0.5327z+53.4, 0.0547z²−0.4673z+46.6, z), and the line segment TF is represented by coordinates (−0.0982z²+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z²−1.9622z+59.069, z).
The points on the line segment ET are determined from three points, i.e., point E, Example 2, and point T, by using the least-square method.
The points on the line segment TF are determined from three points, i.e., points T, S, and F, by using the least-square method.
The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3 points:
point G (0.0, 76.7, 23.3),
point R (21.0, 69.5, 9.5), and
point H (0.0, 85.9, 14.1),
or on these line segments,
the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A.
In the above, the line segment GR is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and the line segment RH is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z).
The points on the line segment GR are determined from three points, i.e., point G, Example 5, and point R, by using the least-square method.
The points on the line segment RH are determined from three points, i.e., point R, Example 7, and point H, by using the least-square method.
In contrast, as shown in, for example, Comparative Examples 8, 9, 13, 15, 17, and 18, when R32 is not contained, the concentrations of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123, which have a double bond, become relatively high; this undesirably leads to deterioration, such as decomposition, or polymerization in the refrigerant compound.

(6) First Embodiment

Hereinafter, an air conditioner 1 that serves as a refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 16 that is the schematic configuration diagram of a refrigerant circuit and FIG. 17 that is a schematic control block configuration diagram.
The air conditioner 1 is an apparatus that air-conditions a space to be air-conditioned by performing a vapor compression refrigeration cycle.
The air conditioner 1 mainly includes an outdoor unit 20, an indoor unit 30, a liquid-side connection pipe 6 and a gas-side connection pipe 5 connecting the outdoor unit 20 and the indoor unit 30, a remote control unit (not shown) serving as an input device and an output device, and a controller 7 that controls the operation of the air conditioner 1.
In the air conditioner 1, the refrigeration cycle in which refrigerant sealed in a refrigerant circuit 10 is compressed, cooled or condensed, decompressed, heated or evaporated, and then compressed again is performed. In the present embodiment, the refrigerant circuit 10 is filled with refrigerant for performing a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The refrigerant is a refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, and any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E may be used. The refrigerant circuit 10 is filled with refrigerating machine oil together with the refrigerant.

(6-1) Outdoor Unit 20

The outdoor unit 20 has substantially a rectangular parallelepiped box shape from its appearance, and has a structure in which a fan chamber and a machine chamber are formed (so-called, trunk structure) when the inside is divided by a partition plate, or the like.
The outdoor unit 20 is connected to the indoor unit 30 via the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5, and makes up part of the refrigerant circuit 10. The outdoor unit 20 mainly includes a compressor 21, a four-way valve 22, an outdoor heat exchanger 23, an outdoor expansion valve 24, an outdoor fan 25, a liquid-side stop valve 29, and a gas-side stop valve 28.
The compressor 21 is a device that compresses low-pressure refrigerant into high pressure in the refrigeration cycle. Here, the compressor 21 is a hermetically sealed compressor in which a positive-displacement, such as a rotary type and a scroll type, compression element (not shown) is driven for rotation by a compressor motor. The compressor motor is used to change the displacement. The operation frequency of the compressor motor is controllable with an inverter. The compressor 21 is provided with an attached accumulator (not shown) at its suction side. The outdoor unit 20 of the present embodiment does not have a refrigerant container larger than the attached accumulator (a low-pressure receiver disposed at the suction side of the compressor 21, a high-pressure receiver disposed at a liquid side of the outdoor heat exchanger 23, or the like).
The four-way valve 22 is able to switch between a cooling operation connection state and a heating operation connection state by switching the status of connection. In the cooling operation connection state, a discharge side of the compressor 21 and the outdoor heat exchanger 23 are connected, and the suction side of the compressor 21 and the gas-side stop valve 28 are connected. In the heating operation connection state, the discharge side of the compressor 21 and the gas-side stop valve 28 are connected, and the suction side of the compressor 21 and the outdoor heat exchanger 23 are connected.
The outdoor heat exchanger 23 is a heat exchanger that functions as a condenser for high-pressure refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle during cooling operation and that functions as an evaporator for low-pressure refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle during heating operation. The outdoor heat exchanger 23 includes a plurality of heat transfer fins and a plurality of heat transfer tubes fixedly extending through the heat transfer fins.
The outdoor fan 25 takes outdoor air into the outdoor unit 20, causes the air to exchange heat with refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger 23, and then generates air flow for emitting the air to the outside. The outdoor fan 25 is driven for rotation by an outdoor fan motor. In the present embodiment, only one outdoor fan 25 is provided.
The outdoor expansion valve 24 is able to control the valve opening degree, and is provided between a liquid-side end portion of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 and the liquid-side stop valve 29.
The liquid-side stop valve 29 is a manual valve disposed at a connection point at which the outdoor unit 20 is connected to the liquid-side connection pipe 6.
The gas-side stop valve 28 is a manual valve disposed at a connection point at which the outdoor unit 20 is connected to the gas-side connection pipe 5.
The outdoor unit 20 includes an outdoor unit control unit 27 that controls the operations of parts that make up the outdoor unit 20. The outdoor unit control unit 27 includes a microcomputer including a CPU, a memory, and the like. The outdoor unit control unit 27 is connected to an indoor unit control unit 34 of indoor unit 30 via a communication line, and sends or receives control signals, or the like, to or from the indoor unit control unit 34. The outdoor unit control unit 27 is electrically connected to various sensors (not shown), and receives signals from the sensors.

(6-2) Indoor Unit 30

The indoor unit 30 is placed on a wall surface, or the like, in a room that is the space to be air-conditioned. The indoor unit 30 is connected to the outdoor unit 20 via the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5, and makes up part of the refrigerant circuit 10.
The indoor unit 30 includes an indoor heat exchanger 31, an indoor fan 32, and the like.
A liquid side of the indoor heat exchanger 31 is connected to the liquid-side connection pipe 6, and a gas side of the indoor heat exchanger 31 is connected to the gas-side connection pipe 5. The indoor heat exchanger 31 is a heat exchanger that functions as an evaporator for low-pressure refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle during cooling operation and that functions as a condenser for high-pressure refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle during heating operation. The indoor heat exchanger 31 includes a plurality of heat transfer fins and a plurality of heat transfer tubes fixedly extending through the heat transfer fins.
The indoor fan 32 takes indoor air into the indoor unit 30, causes the air to exchange heat with refrigerant in the indoor heat exchanger 31, and then generates air flow for emitting the air to the outside. The indoor fan 32 is driven for rotation by an indoor fan motor (not shown).
The indoor unit 30 includes an indoor unit control unit 34 that controls the operations of the parts that make up the indoor unit 30. The indoor unit control unit 34 includes a microcomputer including a CPU, a memory, and the like. The indoor unit control unit 34 is connected to the outdoor unit control unit 27 via a communication line, and sends or receives control signals, or the like, to or from the outdoor unit control unit 27.
The indoor unit control unit 34 is electrically connected to various sensors (not shown) provided inside the indoor unit 30, and receives signals from the sensors.

(6-3) Details of Controller 7

In the air conditioner 1, the outdoor unit control unit 27 and the indoor unit control unit 34 are connected via the communication line to make up the controller 7 that controls the operation of the air conditioner 1.
The controller 7 mainly includes a CPU (central processing unit) and a memory such as a ROM and a RAM. Various processes and controls made by the controller 7 are implemented by various parts included in the outdoor unit control unit 27 and/or the indoor unit control unit 34 functioning together.

(6-4) Operation Mode

Hereinafter, operation modes will be described.
The operation modes include a cooling operation mode and a heating operation mode.
The controller 7 determines whether the operation mode is the cooling operation mode or the heating operation mode and performs the selected operation mode based on an instruction received from the remote control unit, or the like.
(6-4-1) Cooling Operation Mode
In the air conditioner 1, in the cooling operation mode, the status of connection of the four-way valve 22 is set to the cooling operation connection state where the discharge side of the compressor 21 and the outdoor heat exchanger 23 are connected and the suction side of the compressor 21 and the gas-side stop valve 28 are connected, and refrigerant filled in the refrigerant circuit 10 is mainly circulated in order of the compressor 21, the outdoor heat exchanger 23, the outdoor expansion valve 24, and the indoor heat exchanger 31.
More specifically, when the cooling operation mode is started, refrigerant is taken into the compressor 21, compressed, and then discharged in the refrigerant circuit 10.
In the compressor 21, displacement control commensurate with a cooling load that is required from the indoor unit 30 is performed. Gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21 passes through the four-way valve 22 and flows into the gas-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23.
Gas refrigerant having flowed into the gas-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 exchanges heat in the outdoor heat exchanger 23 with outdoor-side air that is supplied by the outdoor fan 25 to condense into liquid refrigerant and flows out from the liquid-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23.
Refrigerant having flowed out from the liquid-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 is decompressed when passing through the outdoor expansion valve 24. The outdoor expansion valve 24 is controlled such that the degree of subcooling of refrigerant that passes through a liquid-side outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 satisfies a predetermined condition.
Refrigerant decompressed in the outdoor expansion valve 24 passes through the liquid-side stop valve 29 and the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and flows into the indoor unit 30.
Refrigerant having flowed into the indoor unit 30 flows into the indoor heat exchanger 31, exchanges heat in the indoor heat exchanger 31 with indoor air that is supplied by the indoor fan 32 to evaporate into gas refrigerant, and flows out from the gas-side end of the indoor heat exchanger 31. Gas refrigerant having flowed out from the gas-side end of the indoor heat exchanger 31 flows to the gas-side connection pipe 5.
Refrigerant having flowed through the gas-side connection pipe 5 passes through the gas-side stop valve 28 and the four-way valve 22, and is taken into the compressor 21 again.
(6-4-2) Heating Operation Mode
In the air conditioner 1, in the heating operation mode, the status of connection of the four-way valve 22 is set to the heating operation connection state where the discharge side of the compressor 21 and the gas-side stop valve 28 are connected and the suction side of the compressor 21 and the outdoor heat exchanger 23 are connected, and refrigerant filled in the refrigerant circuit 10 is mainly circulated in order of the compressor 21, the indoor heat exchanger 31, the outdoor expansion valve 24, and the outdoor heat exchanger 23.
More specifically, when the heating operation mode is started, refrigerant is taken into the compressor 21, compressed, and then discharged in the refrigerant circuit 10.
In the compressor 21, displacement control commensurate with a heating load that is required from the indoor unit 30 is performed. Gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21 flows through the four-way valve 22 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 and then flows into the indoor unit 30.
Refrigerant having flowed into the indoor unit 30 flows into the gas-side end of the indoor heat exchanger 31, exchanges heat in the indoor heat exchanger 31 with indoor air that is supplied by the indoor fan 32 to condense into refrigerant in a gas-liquid two-phase state or liquid refrigerant, and flows out from the liquid-side end of the indoor heat exchanger 31. Refrigerant having flowed out from the liquid-side end of the indoor heat exchanger 31 flows into the liquid-side connection pipe 6.
Refrigerant having flowed through the liquid-side connection pipe 6 is decompressed to a low pressure in the refrigeration cycle in the liquid-side stop valve 29 and the outdoor expansion valve 24. The outdoor expansion valve 24 is controlled such that the degree of subcooling of refrigerant that passes through a liquid-side outlet of the indoor heat exchanger 31 satisfies a predetermined condition. Refrigerant decompressed in the outdoor expansion valve 24 flows into the liquid-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23.
Refrigerant having flowed in from the liquid-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 exchanges heat in the outdoor heat exchanger 23 with outdoor air that is supplied by the outdoor fan 25 to evaporate into gas refrigerant, and flows out from the gas-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23.
Refrigerant having flowed out from the gas-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 passes through the four-way valve 22 and is taken into the compressor 21 again.

(6-5) Liquid-Side Connection Pipe 6

The liquid-side connection pipe 6 of the air conditioner 1 in which the above-described refrigerants A to E are used in the first embodiment has D₀in the range of “2≤D₀≤4” where the pipe outer diameter is expressed by D₀/8 inches, and has the same pipe outer diameter as a liquid-side connection pipe when refrigerant R410A is used. Since the physical properties such as pressure losses of the above-described refrigerants A to E are approximate to those of refrigerant R410A, when the pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 is set to the same pipe outer diameter as the pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe when refrigerant R410A is used, a decrease in capacity can be suppressed.
Specifically, the liquid-side connection pipe 6 of the first embodiment preferably has D₀of 2 (that is, the pipe diameter is ¼ inches).
More specifically, the liquid-side connection pipe 6 of the present embodiment more preferably has D₀of 2.5 (that is, the pipe diameter is 5/16 inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 is greater than or equal to 7.5 kW, more preferably has D₀of 2 (that is, the pipe diameter is ¼ inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 is greater than or equal to 2.6 kW and less than 7.5 kW, and more preferably has D₀of 1.5 (that is, the pipe diameter is 3/16 inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 is less than 2.6 kW.

(6-6) Gas-Side Connection Pipe 5

The gas-side connection pipe 5 of the air conditioner 1 in which the above-described refrigerants A to E are used in the first embodiment has D₀in the range of “3≤D₀≤8” where the pipe outer diameter is expressed by D₀/8 inches, and has the same pipe outer diameter as the gas-side connection pipe when refrigerant R410A is used. Since the physical properties such as pressure losses of the above-described refrigerants A to E are approximate to those of refrigerant R410A, when the pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe 5 is set to the same pipe outer diameter as the pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe when refrigerant R410A is used, a decrease in capacity can be suppressed.
Specifically, the gas-side connection pipe 5 of the first embodiment preferably has D₀of 4 (that is, the pipe diameter is ½ inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 is greater than or equal to 6.0 kW, and preferably has D₀of 3 (that is, the pipe diameter is ⅜ inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 is less than 6.0 kW.
More specifically, the gas-side connection pipe 5 of the first embodiment more preferably has D₀of 4 (that is, the pipe diameter is ½ inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 is greater than or equal to 6.0 kW, more preferably has D₀of 3 (that is, the pipe diameter is ⅜ inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 is greater than or equal to 3.2 kW and less than 6.0 kW, and more preferably has D₀of 2.5 (that is, the pipe diameter is 5/16 inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 is less than 3.2 kW.

(6-7) Characteristics of First Embodiment

In the above-described air conditioner 1, since refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene is used, a GWP can be sufficiently reduced.
In the air conditioner 1, when the pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe 5 each fall within an associated predetermined range, a decrease in capacity can be suppressed even when the specific refrigerants A to E are used.

(6-8) Relationship Between Refrigerant and Pipe Outer Diameter of Connection Pipe

In the air conditioner 1 of the first embodiment, when not the refrigerants A to E are used but refrigerant R410A or R32 is used, the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 each having the pipe outer diameter (inches) as shown in the following Table 167 and Table 168 are generally used according to the range of the rated refrigeration capacity.
In contrast to this, in the air conditioner 1 of the first embodiment, in the case where the refrigerant A (which also applies to the refrigerants B to E) of the present disclosure, containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, is used, when the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 having the pipe outer diameters (inches) as shown in the following Table 167 or Table 168 are used according to the range of the rated refrigeration capacity, a decrease in capacity in the case where the refrigerant A (which also applies to the refrigerants B to E) of the present disclosure, containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, is used can be suppressed.


	Rated	R410A, R32	Refrigerant A

Horse	Refrigeration	Gas-Side	Liquid-Side	Gas-Side	Liquid-Side
Power	Capacity	Connection	Connection	Connection	Connection
[HP]	[kW]	Pipe	Pipe	Pipe	Pipe

0.8	2.2	⅜	¼	⅜	¼
0.9	2.5	⅜	¼	⅜	¼
1.0	2.8	⅜	¼	⅜	¼
1.3	3.6	⅜	¼	⅜	¼
1.4	4.0	⅜	¼	⅜	¼
2.0	5.6	⅜	¼	⅜	¼
2.3	6.3	½	¼	½	¼
2.5	7.1	½	¼	½	¼
2.9	8.0	½	¼	½	¼
3.2	9.0	½	¼	½	¼


	Rated	R410A, R32	Refrigerant A

0.8	2.2	⅜	¼	5/16	3/16
0.9	2.5	⅜	¼	5/16	3/16
1.0	2.8	⅜	¼	5/16	¼
1.3	3.6	⅜	¼	⅜	¼
1.4	4.0	⅜	¼	⅜	¼
2.0	5.6	⅜	¼	⅜	¼
2.3	6.3	½	¼	½	¼
2.5	7.1	½	¼	½	¼
2.9	8.0	½	¼	½	5/16
3.2	9.0	½	¼	½	5/16

Here, for cases where refrigerant R410A, refrigerant R32, or the refrigerant A of the present disclosure, containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, is used and the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 having the pipe outer diameters shown in Table 168 are used in the air conditioner 1 of the first embodiment, FIG. 18 shows a pressure loss in the liquid-side connection pipe 6 during heating operation, and FIG. 19 shows a pressure loss in the gas-side connection pipe 5 during cooling operation. In calculating a pressure loss, controlled target values of a condensation temperature, an evaporating temperature, a degree of subcooling of refrigerant at the condenser outlet, and a degree of superheating of refrigerant at the evaporator outlet are commonalized, and pressure losses of refrigerant in the connection pipes are calculated based on a refrigerant circulation amount that is required for operation at a rated capacity commensurate with a horse power. The unit of horse power is HP.
As is apparent from FIG. 18 and FIG. 19, it is found that the refrigerant A of the present disclosure, containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, has an approximate behavior of pressure loss to the behavior of pressure loss of refrigerant R410A and a decrease in capacity can be suppressed when the refrigerant A is used in the air conditioner 1. This point also applies to the refrigerants B to E that are the same in containing 1,2-difluoroethylene.

(6-9) Modification A of First Embodiment

In the above-described first embodiment, the air conditioner including only one indoor unit is described as an example; however, the air conditioner may include a plurality of indoor units (with no indoor expansion valve) connected in parallel with each other.

(7) Second Embodiment

Hereinafter, an air conditioner 1 a that serves as a refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 20 that is the schematic configuration diagram of a refrigerant circuit and FIG. 21 that is a schematic control block configuration diagram.
Hereinafter, mainly, the air conditioner 1 a of the second embodiment will be described with a focus on a portion different from the air conditioner 1 of the first embodiment.
In the air conditioner 1 a as well, the refrigerant circuit 10 is filled with a refrigerant mixture that contains 1,2-difluoroethylene and that is any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E as a refrigerant for performing a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The refrigerant circuit 10 is filled with refrigerating machine oil together with the refrigerant.

(7-1) Outdoor Unit 20

In the outdoor unit 20 of the air conditioner 1 a of the second embodiment, a first outdoor fan 25 a and a second outdoor fan 25 b are provided as the outdoor fans 25. The outdoor heat exchanger 23 of the outdoor unit 20 of the air conditioner 1 a has a wide heat exchange area so as to adapt to air flow coming from the first outdoor fan 25 a and the second outdoor fan 25 b.
In the outdoor unit 20 of the air conditioner 1 a, instead of the outdoor expansion valve 24 of the outdoor unit 20 in the above-described first embodiment, a first outdoor expansion valve 44, an intermediate pressure receiver 41, and a second outdoor expansion valve 45 are sequentially provided between the liquid side of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 and the liquid-side stop valve 29. The first outdoor expansion valve 44 and the second outdoor expansion valve 45 each are able to control the valve opening degree. The intermediate pressure receiver 41 is a container that is able to store refrigerant. Both an end portion of a pipe extending from the first outdoor expansion valve 44 side and an end portion of a pipe extending from the second outdoor expansion valve 45 side are located in the internal space of the intermediate pressure receiver 41. The internal volume of the intermediate pressure receiver 41 is greater than the internal volume of the attached accumulator attached to the compressor 21 and is preferably greater than or equal to twice.
The outdoor unit 20 of the second embodiment has substantially a rectangular parallelepiped shape and has a structure in which a fan chamber and a machine chamber are formed (so-called, trunk structure) when divided by a partition plate, or the like, extending vertically.
The outdoor heat exchanger 23 includes, for example, a plurality of heat transfer fins and a plurality of heat transfer tubes fixedly extending through the heat transfer fins. The outdoor heat exchanger 23 is disposed in an L-shape in plan view.
In the above air conditioner 1 a, in the cooling operation mode, the first outdoor expansion valve 44 is, for example, controlled such that the degree of subcooling of refrigerant that passes through the liquid-side outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 satisfies a predetermined condition. In the cooling operation mode, the second outdoor expansion valve 45 is, for example, controlled such that the degree of superheating of refrigerant that the compressor 21 takes in satisfies a predetermined condition.
In the heating operation mode, the second outdoor expansion valve 45 is, for example, controlled such that the degree of subcooling of refrigerant that passes through the liquid-side outlet of the indoor heat exchanger 31 satisfies a predetermined condition. In the heating operation mode, the first outdoor expansion valve 44 is, for example, controlled such that the degree of superheating of refrigerant that the compressor 21 takes in satisfies a predetermined condition.

(7-2) Indoor Unit 30

The indoor unit 30 of the second embodiment is placed so as to be suspended in an upper space in a room that is a space to be air-conditioned or placed at a ceiling surface or placed on a wall surface and used. The indoor unit 30 is connected to the outdoor unit 20 via the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5, and makes up part of the refrigerant circuit 10.
The indoor unit 30 includes the indoor heat exchanger 31, the indoor fan 32, and the like.
The indoor heat exchanger 31 of the second embodiment includes a plurality of heat transfer fins and a plurality of heat transfer tubes fixedly extending through the heat transfer fins.

(7-3) Liquid-Side Connection Pipe 6

The liquid-side connection pipe 6 of the air conditioner 1 a in which the above-described refrigerants A to E are used in the second embodiment may have D₀in the range of “2≤D₀≤4” where the pipe outer diameter is expressed by D₀/8 inches regardless of the relationship with the pipe outer diameter when R410A or R32 is used.
The liquid-side connection pipe 6 of the air conditioner 1 a in which the above-described refrigerants A to E are used in the second embodiment has D₀in the range of “2≤D₀≤4” when the pipe outer diameter is expressed by D₀/8 inches (where, “D₀−⅛ inches” is the pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe when refrigerant R32 is used). Since the above-described refrigerants A to E cause a pressure loss more easily than refrigerant R32 but the pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 of the air conditioner 1 a of the second embodiment is greater than or equal to the pipe outer diameter when refrigerant R32 is used, a decrease in capacity can be suppressed. Specifically, the liquid-side connection pipe 6 of the air conditioner 1 a preferably has D₀of 3 (that is, the pipe diameter is ⅜ inches) where the pipe outer diameter is expressed by D₀/8 inches (where, “D₀-⅛ inches” is the pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe when refrigerant R32 is used) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 a is greater than 5.6 kW and less than 11.2 kW and more preferably has D₀of 3 (that is, the pipe diameter is ⅜ inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 a is greater than or equal to 6.3 kW and less than or equal to 10.0 kW.
The liquid-side connection pipe 6 of the air conditioner 1 a in which the above-described refrigerants A to E are used in the second embodiment has D₀in the range of “2≤D₀≤4” where the pipe outer diameter is expressed by D₀/8 inches, and has the same pipe outer diameter as the liquid-side connection pipe when refrigerant R410A is used. Since the physical properties such as pressure losses of the above-described refrigerants A to E are approximate to those of refrigerant R410A, when the pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 is set to the same pipe outer diameter as the pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe when refrigerant R410A is used, a decrease in capacity can be suppressed.
Specifically, the liquid-side connection pipe 6 of the air conditioner 1 a in which the above-described refrigerants A to E are used in the second embodiment preferably has D₀of 3 (that is, the pipe diameter is ⅜ inches) where the pipe outer diameter is expressed by D₀/8 inches when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 a is greater than or equal to 6.3 kW, and preferably has D₀of 2 (that is, the pipe diameter is ¼ inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 a is less than 6.3 kW, and more preferably has the same pipe outer diameter as the pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe when refrigerant R410A is used in each case.
More specifically, the liquid-side connection pipe 6 of the air conditioner 1 a in which the above-described refrigerants A to E are used in the second embodiment preferably has D₀of 3 (that is, the pipe diameter is ⅜ inches) where the pipe outer diameter is expressed by D₀/8 inches when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 a is greater than or equal to 12.5 kW, preferably has D₀of 2.5 (that is, the pipe diameter is 5/16 inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 a is greater than or equal to 6.3 kW and less than 12.5 kW, and preferably has D₀of 2 (that is, the pipe diameter is ¼ inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 a is less than 6.3 kW

(7-4) Gas-Side Connection Pipe 5

The gas-side connection pipe 5 of the air conditioner 1 a in which the above-described refrigerants A to E are used in the second embodiment may have D₀in the range of “3≤D₀≤8” where the pipe outer diameter is expressed by D₀/8 inches regardless of the relationship with the pipe outer diameter when R410A or R32 is used.
The gas-side connection pipe 5 of the air conditioner 1 a in which the above-described refrigerants A to E are used in the second embodiment has D₀in the range of “3≤D₀≤8” when the pipe outer diameter is expressed by D₀/8 inches (where, “D₀-⅛ inches” is the pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe when refrigerant R32 is used). Since the above-described refrigerants A to E cause a pressure loss more easily than refrigerant R32 but the pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe 5 of the air conditioner 1 a of the second embodiment is greater than or equal to the pipe outer diameter when refrigerant R32 is used, a decrease in capacity can be suppressed. Specifically, the gas-side connection pipe 5 of the air conditioner 1 a preferably has D₀of 7 (that is, the pipe diameter is ⅞ inches) where the pipe outer diameter is expressed by D₀/8 inches (where, “D₀-⅛ inches” is the pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe when refrigerant R32 is used) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 a is greater than 22.4 kW, preferably has D₀of 6 (that is, the pipe diameter is 6/8 inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 a is greater than 14.0 kW and less than 22.4 kW, preferably has D₀of 5 (that is, the pipe diameter is ⅝ inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 a is greater than 5.6 kW and less than 11.2 kW, and preferably has D₀of 4 (that is, the pipe diameter is ½ inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 a is less than 4.5 kW In this case, D₀is more preferably 7 (that is, the pipe diameter is ⅞ inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 a is greater than or equal to 25.0 kW, D₀is more preferably 6 (that is, the pipe diameter is 6/8 inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 a is greater than or equal to 15.0 kW and less than 19.0 kW, D₀is more preferably 5 (that is, the pipe diameter is ⅝ inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 a is greater than or equal to 6.3 kW and less than 10.0 kW, and D₀is more preferably 4 (that is, the pipe diameter is ½ inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 a is less than 4.0 kW.
The gas-side connection pipe 5 of the air conditioner 1 a in which the above-described refrigerants A to E are used in the second embodiment has D₀in the range of “3≤D₀≤8” where the pipe outer diameter is expressed by D₀/8 inches, and has the same pipe outer diameter as the gas-side connection pipe when refrigerant R410A is used. Since the physical properties such as pressure losses of the above-described refrigerants A to E are approximate to those of refrigerant R410A, when the pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe 5 is set to the same pipe outer diameter as the pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe when refrigerant R410A is used, a decrease in capacity can be suppressed.
Specifically, the gas-side connection pipe 5 of the air conditioner 1 a in which the above-described refrigerants A to E are used in the second embodiment preferably has D₀of 7 (that is, the pipe diameter is ⅞ inches) when the pipe outer diameter is expressed by D₀/8 inches when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 a is greater than or equal to 25.0 kW, preferably has D₀of 6 (that is, the pipe diameter is 6/8 inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 a is greater than or equal to 15.0 kW and less than 25.0 kW, preferably has D₀of 5 (that is, the pipe diameter is ⅝ inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 a is greater than or equal to 6.3 kW and less than 15.0 kW, preferably has D₀of 4 (that is, the pipe diameter is ½ inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 a is less than 6.3 kW, and more preferably has the same pipe outer diameter as the pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe when refrigerant R410A is used in each case.

(7-5) Characteristics of Second Embodiment

In the above-described air conditioner 1 a according to the second embodiment as well, as well as the air conditioner 1 according to the first embodiment, since refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene is used, a GWP can be sufficiently reduced.
In the air conditioner 1 a, when the pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe 5 each fall within an associated predetermined range, a decrease in capacity can be suppressed even when the specific refrigerants A to E are used.

(7-6) Relationship Between Refrigerant and Pipe Outer Diameter of Connection Pipe

In the air conditioner 1 a of the second embodiment, when not the refrigerants A to E are used but refrigerant R410A or R32 is used, the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 each having the pipe outer diameter (inches) as shown in the following Table 169 and Table 170 are generally used according to the range of the rated refrigerationg capacity.
In contrast to this, in the air conditioner 1 a of the second embodiment, in the case where the refrigerant A (which also applies to the refrigerants B to E) of the present disclosure, containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, is used, when the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 having the pipe outer diameters (inches) as shown in the following Table 169 or Table 170 according to the range of the rated refrigeration capacity, a decrease in capacity in the case where the refrigerant A (which also applies to the refrigerants B to E) of the present disclosure, containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, is used can be suppressed.


	Rated	R410A	R32	Refrigerant A

Horse	Refrigeration	Gas-Side	Liquid-Side	Gas-Side	Liquid-Side	Gas-Side	Liquid-Side
Power	Capacity	Connection	Connection	Connection	Connection	Connection	Connection
[HP]	[kW]	Pipe	Pipe	Pipe	Pipe	Pipe	Pipe

0.8	2.2	½	¼	⅜	¼	½	¼
1.0	2.8	½	¼	⅜	¼	½	¼
1.3	3.6	½	¼	⅜	¼	½	¼
1.6	4.5	½	¼	½	¼	½	¼
2.0	5.6	½	¼	½	¼	½	¼
2.5	7.1	⅝	⅜	½	¼	⅝	⅜
2.9	8.0	⅝	⅜	½	¼	⅝	⅜
3.2	9.0	⅝	⅜	½	¼	⅝	⅜
4.0	11.2	⅝	⅜	⅝	⅜	⅝	⅜
5.0	14.0	⅝	⅜	⅝	⅜	⅝	⅜
6.0	16.0	6/8	⅜	⅝	⅜	6/8	⅜
8.0	22.4	6/8	⅜	6/8	⅜	6/8	⅜
10.0	28.0	⅞	⅜	6/8	⅜	⅞	⅜


	Rated	R410A	R32	Refrigerant A

0.8	2.2	½	¼	⅜	¼	½	¼
1.0	2.8	½	¼	⅜	¼	½	¼
1.3	3.6	½	¼	⅜	¼	½	¼
1.6	4.5	½	¼	½	¼	½	¼
2.0	5.6	½	¼	½	¼	½	¼
2.5	7.1	⅝	⅜	½	¼	⅝	5/16
2.9	8.0	⅝	⅜	½	¼	⅝	5/16
3.2	9.0	⅝	⅜	½	¼	⅝	5/16
4.0	11.2	⅝	⅜	⅝	⅜	⅝	5/16
5.0	14.0	⅝	⅜	⅝	⅜	⅝	⅜
6.0	16.0	6/8	⅜	⅝	⅜	6/8	⅜
8.0	22.4	6/8	⅜	6/8	⅜	6/8	⅜
10.0	28.0	⅞	⅜	6/8	⅜	⅞	⅜

Here, for cases where refrigerant R410A, refrigerant R32, or the refrigerant A of the present disclosure, containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, is used and the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 having the pipe outer diameters shown in Table 170 are used in the air conditioner 1 a of the second embodiment, FIG. 22 shows a pressure loss in the liquid-side connection pipe 6 during heating operation, and FIG. 23 shows a pressure loss in the gas-side connection pipe 5 during cooling operation. In calculating a pressure loss, controlled target values of a condensation temperature, an evaporating temperature, a degree of subcooling of refrigerant at the condenser outlet, and a degree of superheating of refrigerant at the evaporator outlet are commonalized, and pressure losses of refrigerant in the connection pipes are calculated based on a refrigerant circulation amount that is required for operation at a rated capacity commensurate with a horse power. The unit of horse power is HP.
As is apparent from FIG. 22 and FIG. 23, it is found that the refrigerant A of the present disclosure, containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, has an approximate behavior of pressure loss to the behavior of pressure loss of refrigerant R410A and a decrease in capacity can be suppressed when the refrigerant A is used in the air conditioner 1 a. This point also applies to the refrigerants B to E that are the same in containing 1,2-difluoroethylene.

(7-7) Modification A of Second Embodiment

In the above-described second embodiment, the air conditioner including only one indoor unit is described as an example; however, the air conditioner may include a plurality of indoor units (with no indoor expansion valve) connected in parallel with each other.

(8) Third Embodiment

Hereinafter, an air conditioner 1 b that serves as a refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 24 that is the schematic configuration diagram of a refrigerant circuit and FIG. 25 that is a schematic control block configuration diagram.
Hereinafter, mainly, the air conditioner 1 b of the third embodiment will be described with a focus on a portion different from the air conditioner 1 of the first embodiment.
In the air conditioner 1 b as well, the refrigerant circuit 10 is filled with a refrigerant mixture that contains 1,2-difluoroethylene and that is any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E as a refrigerant for performing a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The refrigerant circuit 10 is filled with refrigerating machine oil together with the refrigerant.

(8-1) Outdoor Unit 20

In the outdoor unit 20 of the air conditioner 1 b of the third embodiment, a low-pressure receiver 26, a subcooling heat exchanger 47, and a subcooling circuit 46 are provided in the outdoor unit 20 in the above-described first embodiment.
The low-pressure receiver 26 is a container that is provided between one of connection ports of the four-way valve 22 and the suction side of the compressor 21 and that is able to store refrigerant. In the present embodiment, the low-pressure receiver 26 is provided separately from the attached accumulator of the compressor 21. The internal volume of the low-pressure receiver 26 is greater than the internal volume of the attached accumulator attached to the compressor 21 and is preferably greater than or equal to twice.
The subcooling heat exchanger 47 is provided between the outdoor expansion valve 24 and the liquid-side stop valve 29.
The subcooling circuit 46 is a circuit that branches off from a main circuit between the outdoor expansion valve 24 and the subcooling heat exchanger 47 and that merges with a portion halfway from one of the connection ports of the four-way valve 22 to the low-pressure receiver 26. A subcooling expansion valve 48 that decompresses refrigerant passing therethrough is provided halfway in the subcooling circuit 46. Refrigerant flowing through the subcooling circuit 46 and decompressed by the subcooling expansion valve 48 exchanges heat with refrigerant flowing through the main circuit side in the subcooling heat exchanger 47. Thus, refrigerant flowing through the main circuit side is further cooled, and refrigerant flowing through the subcooling circuit 46 evaporates.
The outdoor unit 20 of the air conditioner 1 b according to the third embodiment may have, for example, a so-called up-blow structure that takes in air from the lower side and discharges air outward from the upper side.

(8-2) First Indoor Unit 30 and Second Indoor Unit 35

In the air conditioner 1 b according to the third embodiment, instead of the indoor unit 30 in the above-described first embodiment, a first indoor unit 30 and a second indoor unit 35 are provided in parallel with each other.
The first indoor unit 30, as well as the indoor unit 30 in the above-described first embodiment, includes a first indoor heat exchanger 31, a first indoor fan 32, and a first indoor unit control unit 34, and further includes a first indoor expansion valve 33 at the liquid side of the first indoor heat exchanger 31. The first indoor expansion valve 33 is able to control the valve opening degree.
The second indoor unit 35, as well as the first indoor unit 30, includes a second indoor heat exchanger 36, a second indoor fan 37, a second indoor unit control unit 39, and a second indoor expansion valve 38 provided at the liquid side of the second indoor heat exchanger 36. The second indoor expansion valve 38 is able to control the valve opening degree.
The specific structures of the first indoor unit 30 and second indoor unit 35 of the air conditioner 1 b according to the third embodiment each have a similar configuration to the indoor unit 30 of the second embodiment except the above-described first indoor expansion valve 33 and second indoor expansion valve 38.
The controller 7 of the third embodiment is made up of the outdoor unit control unit 27, the first indoor unit control unit 34, and the second indoor unit control unit 39 communicably connected to one another.
In the above air conditioner 1 b, in the cooling operation mode, the outdoor expansion valve 24 is controlled such that the degree of subcooling of refrigerant that passes through the liquid-side outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 satisfies a predetermined condition. In the cooling operation mode, the subcooling expansion valve 48 is controlled such that the degree of superheating of refrigerant that the compressor 21 takes in satisfies a predetermined condition. In the cooling operation mode, the first indoor expansion valve 33 and the second indoor expansion valve 38 are controlled to a fully open state.
In the heating operation mode, the first indoor expansion valve 33 is controlled such that the degree of subcooling of refrigerant that passes through the liquid-side outlet of the first indoor heat exchanger 31 satisfies a predetermined condition. Similarly, the second indoor expansion valve 38 is also controlled such that the degree of subcooling of refrigerant that passes through the liquid-side outlet of the second indoor heat exchanger 36 satisfies a predetermined condition. In the heating operation mode, the outdoor expansion valve 45 is controlled such that the degree of superheating of refrigerant that the compressor 21 takes in satisfies a predetermined condition. In the heating operation mode, the subcooling expansion valve 48 is controlled such that the degree of superheating of refrigerant that the compressor 21 takes in satisfies a predetermined condition.

(8-3) Liquid-Side Connection Pipe 6

The liquid-side connection pipe 6 of the air conditioner 1 b in which the above-described refrigerants A to E are used in the third embodiment may have D₀in the range of “2≤D₀≤4” where the pipe outer diameter is expressed by D₀/8 inches regardless of the relationship with the pipe outer diameter when R410A or R32 is used.
The liquid-side connection pipe 6 of the air conditioner 1 b in which the above-described refrigerants A to E are used in the third embodiment has D₀in the range of “2≤D₀≤4” when the pipe outer diameter is expressed by D₀/8 inches (where, “D₀-⅛ inches” is the pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe when refrigerant R32 is used). Since the above-described refrigerants A to E cause a pressure loss more easily than refrigerant R32 but the pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 of the air conditioner 1 b of the third embodiment is greater than or equal to the pipe outer diameter when refrigerant R32 is used, a decrease in capacity can be suppressed. Specifically, the liquid-side connection pipe 6 of the air conditioner 1 b preferably has D₀of 3 (that is, the pipe diameter is ⅜ inches) where the pipe outer diameter is expressed by D₀/8 inches (where, “D₀-⅛ inches” is the pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe when refrigerant R32 is used) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 b is greater than 5.6 kW and less than 11.2 kW and more preferably has D₀of 3 (that is, the pipe diameter is ⅜ inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 b is greater than or equal to 6.3 kW and less than or equal to 10.0 kW.
The liquid-side connection pipe 6 of the air conditioner 1 b in which the above-described refrigerants A to E are used in the third embodiment has D₀in the range of “2≤D₀≤4” where the pipe outer diameter is expressed by D₀/8 inches, and has the same pipe outer diameter as the liquid-side connection pipe when refrigerant R410A is used. Since the physical properties such as pressure losses of the above-described refrigerants A to E are approximate to those of refrigerant R410A, when the pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 is set to the same pipe outer diameter as the pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe when refrigerant R410A is used, a decrease in capacity can be suppressed.
Specifically, the liquid-side connection pipe 6 of the air conditioner 1 b in which the above-described refrigerants A to E are used in the third embodiment preferably has D₀of 3 (that is, the pipe diameter is ⅜ inches) where the pipe outer diameter is expressed by D₀/8 inches when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 b is greater than or equal to 6.3 kW, and preferably has D₀of 2 (that is, the pipe diameter is ¼ inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 b is less than 6.3 kW, and more preferably has the same pipe outer diameter as the pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe in the case where refrigerant R410A is used in each case.
More specifically, the liquid-side connection pipe 6 of the air conditioner 1 b in which the above-described refrigerants A to E are used in the third embodiment preferably has D₀of 3 (that is, the pipe diameter is ⅜ inches) where the pipe outer diameter is expressed by D₀/8 inches when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 b is greater than or equal to 12.5 kW, preferably has D₀of 2.5 (that is, the pipe diameter is 5/16 inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 b is greater than or equal to 6.3 kW and less than 12.5 kW, and preferably has D₀of 2 (that is, the pipe diameter is ¼ inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 b is less than 6.3 kW

(8-4) Gas-Side Connection Pipe 5

The liquid-side connection pipe 5 of the air conditioner 1 b in which the above-described refrigerants A to E are used in the third embodiment may have D₀in the range of “3≤D₀≤8” where the pipe outer diameter is expressed by D₀/8 inches regardless of the relationship with the pipe outer diameter when R410A or R32 is used.
The gas-side connection pipe 5 of the air conditioner 1 b in which the above-described refrigerants A to E are used in the third embodiment has D₀in the range of “3≤D₀≤8” when the pipe outer diameter is expressed by D₀/8 inches (where, “D₀-⅛ inches” is the pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe when refrigerant R32 is used). Since the above-described refrigerants A to E cause a pressure loss more easily than refrigerant R32 but the pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe 5 of the air conditioner 1 b of the third embodiment is greater than or equal to the pipe outer diameter when refrigerant R32 is used, a decrease in capacity can be suppressed. Specifically, the gas-side connection pipe 5 of the air conditioner 1 b preferably has D₀of 7 (that is, the pipe diameter is ⅞ inches) where the pipe outer diameter is expressed by D₀/8 inches (where, “D₀-⅛ inches” is the pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe when refrigerant R32 is used) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 b is greater than 22.4 kW, preferably has D₀of 6 (that is, the pipe diameter is 6/8 inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 b is greater than 14.0 kW and less than 22.4 kW, preferably has D₀of 5 (that is, the pipe diameter is ⅝ inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 b is greater than 5.6 kW and less than 11.2 kW, and preferably has D₀of 4 (that is, the pipe diameter is ½ inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 b is less than 4.5 kW. In this case, D₀is more preferably 7 (that is, the pipe diameter is ⅞ inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 b is greater than or equal to 25.0 kW, D₀is more preferably 6 (that is, the pipe diameter is 6/8 inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 b is greater than or equal to 15.0 kW and less than 19.0 kW, D₀is more preferably (that is, the pipe diameter is ⅝ inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 b is greater than or equal to 6.3 kW and less than 10.0 kW, and D₀is more preferably 4 (that is, the pipe diameter is ½ inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 b is less than 4.0 kW.
The gas-side connection pipe 5 of the air conditioner 1 b in which the above-described refrigerants A to E are used in the third embodiment has D₀in the range of “3≤D₀≤8” where the pipe outer diameter is expressed by D₀/8 inches, and has the same pipe outer diameter as the gas-side connection pipe when refrigerant R410A is used. Since the physical properties such as pressure losses of the above-described refrigerants A to E are approximate to those of refrigerant R410A, when the pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe 5 is set to the same pipe outer diameter as the pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe when refrigerant R410A is used, a decrease in capacity can be suppressed.
Specifically, the gas-side connection pipe 5 of the air conditioner 1 b in which the above-described refrigerants A to E are used in the third embodiment preferably has D₀of 7 (that is, the pipe diameter is ⅞ inches) when the pipe outer diameter is expressed by D₀/8 inches when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 b is greater than or equal to 25.0 kW, preferably has D₀of 6 (that is, the pipe diameter is 6/8 inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 b is greater than or equal to 15.0 kW and less than 25.0 kW, preferably has D₀of 5 (that is, the pipe diameter is ⅝ inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 b is greater than or equal to 6.3 kW and less than 15.0 kW, preferably has D₀of 4 (that is, the pipe diameter is ½ inches) when the rated refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner 1 b is less than 6.3 kW, and more preferably has the same pipe outer diameter as the pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe when refrigerant R410A is used in each case.

(8-5) Characteristics of Third Embodiment

In the above-described air conditioner 1 b according to the third embodiment as well, as well as the air conditioner 1 according to the first embodiment, since refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene is used, a GWP can be sufficiently reduced.
In the air conditioner 1 b, when the pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe 5 each fall within an associated predetermined range, a decrease in capacity can be suppressed even when the specific refrigerants A to E are used.

(8-6) Relationship Between Refrigerant and Pipe Outer Diameter of Connection Pipe

In the air conditioner 1 b of the third embodiment, when not the refrigerants A to E are used but refrigerant R410A or R32 is used, the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 each having the pipe outer diameter (inches) as shown in the following Table 171 and Table 172 are generally used according to the range of the rated refrigeration capacity.
In contrast to this, in the air conditioner 1 b of the third embodiment, in the case where the refrigerant A (which also applies to the refrigerants B to E) of the present disclosure, containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, is used, when the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 having the pipe outer diameters (inches) as shown in the following Table 171 or Table 172 are used according to the range of the rated refrigeration capacity, a decrease in capacity in the case where the refrigerant A (which also applies to the refrigerants B to E) of the present disclosure, containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, is used can be suppressed.


	Rated	R410A	R32	Refrigerant A


	Rated	R410A	R32	Refrigerant A

Here, for cases where refrigerant R410A, refrigerant R32, or the refrigerant A of the present disclosure, containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, is used and the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 having the pipe outer diameters shown in Table 172 are used in the air conditioner 1 b of the third embodiment, FIG. 26 shows a pressure loss in the liquid-side connection pipe 6 during heating operation, and FIG. 27 shows a pressure loss in the gas-side connection pipe 5 during cooling operation. In calculating a pressure loss, controlled target values of a condensation temperature, an evaporating temperature, a degree of subcooling of refrigerant at the condenser outlet, and a degree of superheating of refrigerant at the evaporator outlet are commonalized, and pressure losses of refrigerant in the connection pipes are calculated based on a refrigerant circulation amount that is required for operation at a rated capacity commensurate with a horse power. The unit of horse power is HP.
As is apparent from FIG. 26 and FIG. 27, it is found that the refrigerant A of the present disclosure, containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, has an approximate behavior of pressure loss to the behavior of pressure loss of refrigerant R410A and a decrease in capacity can be suppressed when the refrigerant A is used in the air conditioner 1 b. This point also applies to the refrigerants B to E that are the same in containing 1,2-difluoroethylene.

(9) Others

An air conditioner or an outdoor unit may be made up of a combination of the above-described first embodiment to third embodiment and modifications as needed.
The embodiments of the present disclosure are described above; however, it is understood that various modifications of modes and details are applicable without departing from the purport or scope of the present disclosure recited in the claims.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

- 1, 1 a, 1 b air conditioner (refrigeration cycle apparatus)
- 5 gas-side connection pipe
- 6 liquid-side connection pipe
- 10 refrigerant circuit
- 20 outdoor unit
- 21 compressor
- 23 outdoor heat exchanger (heat source-side heat exchanger)
- 24 outdoor expansion valve (decompression part)
- 30 indoor unit, first indoor unit
- 31 indoor heat exchanger, first indoor heat exchanger (service-side heat exchanger)
- 35 second indoor unit
- 36 second indoor heat exchanger (service-side heat exchanger)
- 44 first outdoor expansion valve (decompression part)
- 45 second outdoor expansion valve (decompression part)

CITATION LIST

Patent Literature

- PTL 1 International Publication No. 2015/141678

Claims

1. A refrigeration cycle apparatus comprising a refrigerant circuit in which a compressor, a heat source-side heat exchanger, a decompression part, a liquid-side connection pipe, a service-side heat exchanger, and a gas-side connection pipe are connected, wherein

a refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used,

a pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe and a pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe each are D₀/8 inches (where, “D₀-⅛ inches” is a pipe outer diameter of a connection pipe when refrigerant R32 is used),

in the liquid-side connection pipe, a range of the D₀is “2≤D₀≤4”, and

in the gas-side connection pipe, a range of the D₀is “3≤D₀≤8”.

2. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein

a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than 5.6 kW and less than 11.2 kW, and the D₀of the liquid-side connection pipe is 3 (that is, a pipe diameter is ⅜ inches).

3. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein

a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than 22.4 kW, and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe is 7 (that is, a pipe diameter is ⅞ inches), or

the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than 14.0 kW and less than 22.4 kW, and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe is 6 (that is, the pipe diameter is 6/8 inches), or

the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than 5.6 kW and less than 11.2 kW, and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe is 5 (that is, the pipe diameter is ⅝ inches), or

the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is less than 4.5 kW, and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe is 4 (that is, the pipe diameter is ½ inches).

4. A refrigeration cycle apparatus comprising a refrigerant circuit in which a compressor, a heat source-side heat exchanger, a decompression part, a liquid-side connection pipe, a service-side heat exchanger, and a gas-side connection pipe are connected, wherein

a refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used,

a pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe and a pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe each are D₀/8 inches,

in the liquid-side connection pipe, a range of the D₀is “2≤D₀≤4”,

in the gas-side connection pipe, a range of the D₀is “3≤D₀≤8”, and

the pipe outer diameter of the liquid-side connection pipe and the pipe outer diameter of the gas-side connection pipe are equal to pipe outer diameters of connection pipes when refrigerant R410A is used.

5. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 4, wherein

the D₀of the liquid-side connection pipe is 2 (that is, a pipe diameter is ¼ inches).

6. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 4, wherein

a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 6.3 kW, and the D₀of the liquid-side connection pipe is 3 (that is, a pipe diameter is ⅜ inches), or

the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is less than 6.3 kW, and the D₀of the liquid-side connection pipe is 2 (that is, the pipe diameter is ¼ inches).

7. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 4, wherein

a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 6.0 kW, and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe is 4 (that is, a pipe diameter is ½ inches), or

the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is less than 6.0 kW, and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe is 3 (that is, the pipe diameter is ⅜ inches).

8. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 4, wherein

a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 25.0 kW, and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe is 7 (that is, a pipe diameter is ⅞ inches), or

the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 15.0 kW and less than 25.0 kW, and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe is 6 (that is, the pipe diameter is 6/8 inches), or

the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 6.3 kW and less than 15.0 kW, and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe is 5 (that is, the pipe diameter is ⅝ inches), or

the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is less than 6.3 kW, and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe is 4 (that is, the pipe diameter is ½ inches).

9. A refrigeration cycle apparatus comprising a refrigerant circuit in which a compressor, a heat source-side heat exchanger, a decompression part, a liquid-side connection pipe, a service-side heat exchanger, and a gas-side connection pipe are connected, wherein

a refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used,

in the gas-side connection pipe, a range of the D₀is “3≤D₀≤8”.

10. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 9, wherein

11. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 9, wherein

a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 7.5 kW, and the D₀of the liquid-side connection pipe is 2.5 (that is, a pipe diameter is 5/16 inches), or

the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 2.6 kW and less than 7.5 kW, and the D₀of the liquid-side connection pipe is 2 (that is, the pipe diameter is ¼ inches), or

the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is less than 2.6 kW, and the D₀of the liquid-side connection pipe is 1.5 (that is, the pipe diameter is 3/16 inches).

12. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 9, wherein

13. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 9, wherein

a rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 12.5 kW, and the D₀of the liquid-side connection pipe is 3 (that is, a pipe diameter is ⅜ inches), or

the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 6.3 kW and less than 12.5 kW, and the D₀of the liquid-side connection pipe is 2.5 (that is, the pipe diameter is 5/16 inches), or

14. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 9, wherein

15. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 9, wherein

the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is greater than or equal to 3.2 kW and less than 6.0 kW, and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe is 3 (that is, the pipe diameter is ⅜ inches), or

the rated refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is less than 3.2 kW, and the D₀of the gas-side connection pipe is 2.5 (that is, the pipe diameter is 5/16 inches).

16. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 9, wherein

17. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1,

wherein

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).

18. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 17,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:

point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),

point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0),

point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD, CO, and OA);

the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.

19. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 17,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments GI, IA, AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CG that connect the following 8 points:

point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),

point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),

point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),

point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and

point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments IA, BD, and CG);

the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.

20. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 17,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:

point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),

point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1),

point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),

point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and

point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD and CJ);

the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x²−29.955x+931.91, −0.2421x²+28.955x−831.91),

the line segment KA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.

21. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 17,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:

point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),

point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),

point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),

point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and

point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),

the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43)

the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.

22. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 17,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TP that connect the following 7 points:

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),

point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),

point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and

point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment BF);

the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2),

the line segment TP is represented by coordinates x, 0.00672x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x²−0.2393x+36.475), and

the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.

23. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 17,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP that connect the following 4 points:

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),

point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),

point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and

point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9),

or on the above line segments;

the line segment RP is represented by coordinates x, 0.00672x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x²−0.2393x+36.475), and

the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.

24. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 17,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TS that connect the following 6 points:

point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1),

point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and

point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),

or on the above line segments,

the line segment TS is represented by coordinates x, −0.0017x²−0.7869x+70.888, −0.0017x²−0.2131x+29.112), and

the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.

25. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1,

wherein

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and

the refrigerant comprises 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.

26. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1,

wherein

the refrigerant comprises 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.

27. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1,

wherein

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32),

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,

if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD′, D′C, and CG that connect the following 6 points:

point G (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0),

point I (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0),

point A (0.0134a²−1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, −0.0134a²+0.9681a+31.4),

point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3),

point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6), and

point C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI, AB, and D′C (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, point D′, and point C);

if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0),

point I (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895),

point A (0.0112a²−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a²+0.9337a+31.516),

point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801), and

point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point C; point I, point A, point B, and point W);

if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0),

point I (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273),

point A (0.0107a²−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a²+0.9142a+31.695),

point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682), and

point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),

if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0),

point I (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014),

point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207),

point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714), and

point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point C; point I, point A, point B, and point W); and

if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098, 0.0),

point I (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098),

point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9),

point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05), and

point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point C, point I, point A, point B, and point W).

28. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1,

wherein

if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BD′, D′C, and CJ that connect the following 5 points:

point J (0.0049a²−0.9645a+47.1, −0.0049a²−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0),

point K′ (0.0514a²−2.4353a+61.7, −0.0323a²+0.4122a+5.9, −0.0191a²+1.0231a+32.4),

point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3),

point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6), and

point C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′, K′B, and D′C (excluding point J, point B, point D′, and point C);

if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:

point J (0.0243a²−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a²+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0),

point K′ (0.0341a²−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a²+0.34a+5.636,−0.0105a²+0.8577a+33.177),

point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801), and

point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);

if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:

point J (0.0246a²−1.4476a+50.184, −0.0246a²+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0),

point K′ (0.0196a²−1.7863a+58.515, −0.0079a²−0.1136a+8.702, −0.0117a²+0.8999a+32.783),

point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682), and

point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),

if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:

point J (0.0183a²−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a²+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0),

point K′ (−0.0051a²+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a²−1.0929a+74.05),

point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207),

point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714), and

point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W); and

if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:

point J (−0.0134a²+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a²−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0),

point K′ (−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557),

point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9),

point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05), and

point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W).

29. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1,

wherein

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments U, JN, NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:

point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),

point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),

point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and

point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI;

the line segment U is represented by coordinates (0.0236y²−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y²+0.7616y+28.0);

the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y²−1.9003y+58.3, y, −0.012y²+0.9003y+41.7); and

the line segments JN and EI are straight lines.

30. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM′, M′N, NV, VG; and GM that connect the following 5 points:

point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),

point M′(39.2, 5.0, 55.8),

point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),

point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and

point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);

the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates 0.132y²−3.34y+52.6, y, −0.132y²+2.34y+47.4);

the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates 0.0596y²−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y²+1.2541y+51.02);

the line segment VG is represented by coordinates (0.0123y²−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y²+0.8033y+60.4); and

the line segments NV and GM are straight lines.

31. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1,

wherein

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3 points:

point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),

point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and

point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),

or on these line segments;

the line segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y²−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y²−0.3299y+62.488);

the line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y²−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y²+0.7403y+43.365); and

the line segment UO is a straight line.

32. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points:

point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),

point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),

point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),

point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and

point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),

or on these line segments;

the line segment QR is represented by coordinates (0.0099y²−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y²+0.975y+15.235);

the line segment RT is represented by coordinates 0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874);

the line segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y²−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y²−0.1158y+38.512);

the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates (0.0095y²−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y²+0.2222y+32.324); and

the line segment TL is a straight line.

33. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:

point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),

point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and

point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),

or on these line segments;

the line segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y²−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y²−0.2897y+59.9);

the line segment ST is represented by coordinates 0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874); and

the line segment TP is a straight line.

34. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1,

wherein

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32),

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IK, KB′, B′H, HR, RG; and GI that connect the following 6 points:

point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),

point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4),

point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),

point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),

point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and

point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GI);

the line segment IK is represented by coordinates (0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.0, z),

the line segment HR is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments KB′ and GI are straight lines.

35. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments U, JR, RG; and GI that connect the following 4 points:

point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),

point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5),

point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and

point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GI);

the line segment U is represented by coordinates (0.025z²−1.7429z+72.0, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.0, z),

the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.

36. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MP, PB′, B′H, HR, RG; and GM that connect the following 6 points:

point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),

point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),

point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),

point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),

point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and

point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GM);

the line segment MP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z),

the line segments PB′ and GM are straight lines.

37. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1,

wherein

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MN, NR, RG; and GM that connect the following 4 points:

point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),

point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5),

point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and

point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);

the line segment MN is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z),

the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.

38. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:

point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),

point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and

point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2),

or on these line segments;

the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (−0.0982z²+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z²−1.9622z+59.069, z),

the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z), and

the line segment PS is a straight line.

39. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QB″, B″D, DU, and UQ that connect the following 4 points:

point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),

point B″ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0),

point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and

point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment B″D);

the line segment DU is represented by coordinates (−3.4962z²+210.71 z−3146.1, 3.4962z²−211.71z+3246.1, z),

the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates (0.0135z²−0.9181z+44.133, −0.0135z²−0.0819z+55.867, z), and

the line segments QB″ and B″D are straight lines.