US20200309411A1 - Warm-water generating apparatus - Google Patents
Warm-water generating apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20200309411A1 US20200309411A1 US16/954,967 US201816954967A US2020309411A1 US 20200309411 A1 US20200309411 A1 US 20200309411A1 US 201816954967 A US201816954967 A US 201816954967A US 2020309411 A1 US2020309411 A1 US 2020309411A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- point
- hfo
- coordinates
- represented
- mass
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 841
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 580
- WFLOTYSKFUPZQB-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1,2-difluoroethene Chemical group F\C=C\F WFLOTYSKFUPZQB-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 224
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 170
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 66
- RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluoromethane Chemical compound FCF RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoroethene Chemical group FC=C(F)F MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene Chemical compound FC(=C)C(F)(F)F FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 144
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 131
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 48
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 43
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 40
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 40
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 35
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 24
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical class FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluoroform Chemical compound FC(F)F XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous methyl chloride Natural products ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 5
- VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)Cl VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 aliphatic nitro compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 102220110933 rs151253274 Human genes 0.000 description 4
- YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)F YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NSGXIBWMJZWTPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CC(F)(F)F NSGXIBWMJZWTPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WXGNWUVNYMJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)F WXGNWUVNYMJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AHFMSNDOYCFEPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-difluoroethane Chemical compound FCCF AHFMSNDOYCFEPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XWCDCDSDNJVCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FCCl XWCDCDSDNJVCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001774 Perfluoroether Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)CC(F)(F)F MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FYIRUPZTYPILDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)C(F)(F)F FYIRUPZTYPILDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UJPMYEOUBPIPHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)(F)F UJPMYEOUBPIPHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGZYQOSEVSXDNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)F WGZYQOSEVSXDNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)F NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GOLORTLGFDVFDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(1h-benzimidazol-2-yl)-7-(diethylamino)chromen-2-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(C3=CC4=CC=C(C=C4OC3=O)N(CC)CC)=NC2=C1 GOLORTLGFDVFDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101100172892 Caenorhabditis elegans sec-8 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007059 acute toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000403 acute toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- XJHABGPPCLHLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)NC2=O)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 XJHABGPPCLHLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(fluoro)methane Chemical compound F[C]Cl KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrifluoroethylene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)Cl UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- UHCBBWUQDAVSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethane Chemical compound CCF UHCBBWUQDAVSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002828 nitro derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-methoxyphenol Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)F GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001289 polyvinyl ether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- JRHMNRMPVRXNOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoro(methoxy)methane Chemical compound COC(F)(F)F JRHMNRMPVRXNOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ORNGPPZBMMHKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)ethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)OC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ORNGPPZBMMHKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYAUGTZMGLUNPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoro-2-(1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropan-2-yloxy)propane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(C(F)(F)F)OC(F)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F OYAUGTZMGLUNPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QZFIQARJCSJGEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-2-(1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)ethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)OC(F)C(F)(F)F QZFIQARJCSJGEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXJWJJZGJZNBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yloxy)propane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(C(F)(F)F)OC(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F CXJWJJZGJZNBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMUNWXXNJPVALC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)C(CN1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O HMUNWXXNJPVALC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VWCLQNINSPFHFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10-oxapentacyclo[12.8.0.02,11.04,9.015,20]docosa-1(14),2(11),4,6,8,12,15,17,19,21-decaene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=C4OC5=CC=CC=C5CC4=C3C=CC2=C1 VWCLQNINSPFHFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPQNQLKPUVWGHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropan-1-amine Chemical compound NCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F DPQNQLKPUVWGHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)Cl OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIAOLBVUVDXHHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitroethenylbenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PIAOLBVUVDXHHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSNAAHWRJMRVCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-3,4-dimethylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1C WSNAAHWRJMRVCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOTGCZBEERTTDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methoxy-1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(OC)=CC=C(O)C2=C1 BOTGCZBEERTTDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKTCIVHJKSDNRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-butyl-2,3-dimethylphenol Chemical group CCCCC1=CC=C(C)C(C)=C1O FKTCIVHJKSDNRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQJUJGAVDBINPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-thioxanthene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 PQJUJGAVDBINPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-xanthene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010003497 Asphyxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940123973 Oxygen scavenger Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008378 aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010354 butylated hydroxytoluene Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorescein Chemical compound O1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC=C(O)C=C1OC1=CC(O)=CC=C21 GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008233 hard water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QDLAGTHXVHQKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N lichenxanthone Natural products COC1=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C3=C(C)C=C(OC)C=C3OC2=C1 QDLAGTHXVHQKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003505 mequinol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MCSAJNNLRCFZED-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitroethane Chemical compound CC[N+]([O-])=O MCSAJNNLRCFZED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 231100000817 safety factor Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000008234 soft water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
- C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M131/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing halogen
- C10M131/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing halogen containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only
- C10M131/04—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing halogen containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only aliphatic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
- C10M171/02—Specified values of viscosity or viscosity index
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
- F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
- F24F1/0059—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by heat exchangers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
- F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
- F24F1/0059—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by heat exchangers
- F24F1/0063—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by heat exchangers by the mounting or arrangement of the heat exchangers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
- F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
- F24F1/0059—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by heat exchangers
- F24F1/0067—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by heat exchangers by the shape of the heat exchangers or of parts thereof, e.g. of their fins
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
- F24F1/06—Separate outdoor units, e.g. outdoor unit to be linked to a separate room comprising a compressor and a heat exchanger
- F24F1/14—Heat exchangers specially adapted for separate outdoor units
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
- F24F1/06—Separate outdoor units, e.g. outdoor unit to be linked to a separate room comprising a compressor and a heat exchanger
- F24F1/20—Electric components for separate outdoor units
- F24F1/24—Cooling of electric components
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
- F24F1/06—Separate outdoor units, e.g. outdoor unit to be linked to a separate room comprising a compressor and a heat exchanger
- F24F1/26—Refrigerant piping
- F24F1/32—Refrigerant piping for connecting the separate outdoor units to indoor units
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
- F24F1/06—Separate outdoor units, e.g. outdoor unit to be linked to a separate room comprising a compressor and a heat exchanger
- F24F1/26—Refrigerant piping
- F24F1/34—Protection means thereof, e.g. covers for refrigerant pipes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
- F24F1/06—Separate outdoor units, e.g. outdoor unit to be linked to a separate room comprising a compressor and a heat exchanger
- F24F1/38—Fan details of outdoor units, e.g. bell-mouth shaped inlets or fan mountings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
- F24F11/63—Electronic processing
- F24F11/65—Electronic processing for selecting an operating mode
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/88—Electrical aspects, e.g. circuits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/30—Arrangement or mounting of heat-exchangers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/044—Systems in which all treatment is given in the central station, i.e. all-air systems
- F24F3/048—Systems in which all treatment is given in the central station, i.e. all-air systems with temperature control at constant rate of air-flow
- F24F3/052—Multiple duct systems, e.g. systems in which hot and cold air are supplied by separate circuits from the central station to mixing chambers in the spaces to be conditioned
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
- F24F5/001—Compression cycle type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/0018—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters using electric energy supply
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H4/00—Fluid heaters characterised by the use of heat pumps
- F24H4/02—Water heaters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
- F25B1/04—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of rotary type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
- F25B29/003—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously of the compression type system
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
- F25B31/002—Lubrication
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
- F25B31/006—Cooling of compressor or motor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
- F25B31/02—Compressor arrangements of motor-compressor units
- F25B31/026—Compressor arrangements of motor-compressor units with compressor of rotary type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
- F25B39/02—Evaporators
- F25B39/028—Evaporators having distributing means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/31—Expansion valves
- F25B41/34—Expansion valves with the valve member being actuated by electric means, e.g. by piezoelectric actuators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/40—Fluid line arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
- F25B49/022—Compressor control arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity
- F25B5/04—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity arranged in series
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B7/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with cascade operation, i.e. with two or more circuits, the heat from the condenser of one circuit being absorbed by the evaporator of the next circuit
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
- F25B9/006—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant containing more than one component
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K17/00—Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators
- H02K17/02—Asynchronous induction motors
- H02K17/16—Asynchronous induction motors having rotors with internally short-circuited windings, e.g. cage rotors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
- H02K9/08—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by gaseous cooling medium circulating wholly within the machine casing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/106—Carbon dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
- C09K2205/122—Halogenated hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
- C09K2205/126—Unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
- C09K2205/128—Perfluorinated hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/22—All components of a mixture being fluoro compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/24—Only one single fluoro component present
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/40—Replacement mixtures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/40—Replacement mixtures
- C09K2205/43—Type R22
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2211/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only
- C10M2211/022—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only aliphatic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/023—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units
- F25B2313/0233—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units in parallel arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/07—Details of compressors or related parts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/12—Inflammable refrigerants
- F25B2400/121—Inflammable refrigerants using R1234
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/05—Cost reduction
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/07—Exceeding a certain pressure value in a refrigeration component or cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/05—Refrigerant levels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/25—Control of valves
- F25B2600/2513—Expansion valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/04—Refrigerant level
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/19—Pressures
- F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
- F25B2700/1931—Discharge pressures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/14—Structural association with mechanical loads, e.g. with hand-held machine tools or fans
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a warm-water generating apparatus.
- a conventional warm-water generating apparatus that employs a heat pump unit frequently uses carbon dioxide as a refrigerant in the heat pump unit.
- carbon dioxide as a refrigerant in the heat pump unit.
- a warm-water generating apparatus uses, as a refrigerant, a mixed refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)).
- the warm-water generating apparatus includes a compressor, a heat-source-side first heat exchanger, an expansion mechanism, and a use-side second heat exchanger.
- the second heat exchanger causes the mixed refrigerant flowing therein and first water to exchange heat with each other to heat the first water.
- the warm-water generating apparatus uses, as the refrigerant, the above-described mixed refrigerant instead of carbon dioxide which has been frequently used. Accordingly, warm water can be efficiently generated.
- a warm-water generating apparatus is the warm-water generating apparatus according to the first aspect, and further includes a tank and a circulation flow path.
- a circulation flow path allows the first water to circulate between the tank and the second heat exchanger.
- a warm-water generating apparatus is the warm-water generating apparatus according to the first aspect, and further includes a first circulation flow path, a second circulation flow path, a third heat exchanger, and a tank.
- the first circulation flow path allows the first water heated by the second heat exchanger to circulate.
- the second circulation flow path is different from the first circulation flow path.
- the third heat exchanger causes the first water flowing through the first circulation flow path and second water flowing through the second circulation flow path to exchange heat with each other to heat the second water flowing through the second circulation flow path.
- the tank stores the second water heated by the third heat exchanger.
- a warm-water generating apparatus is the warm-water generating apparatus according to the first aspect, and further includes a first circulation flow path and a tank.
- the first circulation flow path allows the first water heated by the second heat exchanger to circulate.
- a portion of the first circulation flow path is disposed in the tank and allows the first water flowing through the first circulation flow path and second water in the tank to exchange heat with each other to heat the second water in the tank.
- a warm-water generating apparatus is the warm-water generating apparatus according to the first aspect, and further includes a tank, a first circulation flow path, a third heat exchanger, a second circulation flow path, and a third flow path.
- the first circulation flow path allows the first water to circulate between the second heat exchanger and the tank.
- the second circulation flow path allows the first water to circulate between the third heat exchanger and the tank.
- the third flow path is different from the first circulation flow path and the second circulation flow path.
- the third heat exchanger causes the first water flowing from the tank and third water flowing through the third flow path to exchange heat with each other to heat the third water flowing through the third flow path.
- a warm-water generating apparatus is the warm-water generating apparatus according to the first aspect, and further includes a tank, a first circulation flow path, and a second flow path.
- the first circulation flow path allows the first water to circulate between the tank and the second heat exchanger.
- the second flow path is different from the first circulation flow path.
- a portion of the second flow path is disposed in the tank and allows the first water in the tank and second water flowing through the second flow path to exchange heat with each other to heat the second water flowing through the second flow path.
- a warm-water generating apparatus is the warm-water generating apparatus according to the first aspect, and further includes a tank that stores the first water and a flow path through which second water flows. A portion of the flow path is disposed in the tank.
- the second heat exchanger heats, in the tank, the first water stored in the tank. The first water stored in the tank heats the second water flowing through the flow path.
- a warm-water generating apparatus is the warm-water generating apparatus according to the first aspect, and further includes a tank and a flow path through which the first water flows from a water supply source to the tank.
- the second heat exchanger heats the first water flowing through the flow path.
- a warm-water generating apparatus is the warm-water generating apparatus according to any one of the first aspect to the eighth aspect, and further includes a use-side fourth heat exchanger and a fourth circulation flow path.
- the fourth heat exchanger is a heat exchanger that is different from the second heat exchanger.
- fourth water for cooling or heating flows.
- the fourth heat exchanger causes the mixed refrigerant flowing therein and the fourth water flowing through the fourth circulation flow path to exchange heat with each other to cool or heat the fourth water.
- a warm-water generating apparatus is the warm-water generating apparatus according to any of the 1st through 9th aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).
- the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).
- warm water can be efficiently generated when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to those of R410A is used.
- a refrigeration capacity may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity
- COP coefficient of performance
- a warm-water generating apparatus is the warm-water generating apparatus according to the 10th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:
- point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD, CO, and OA);
- the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.9473x+57.497, ⁇ 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x 2 ⁇ 1.0268x+58.7, ⁇ 0.0029x 2 +0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x 2 ⁇ 0.6671x+80.4, ⁇ 0.0082x 2 ⁇ 0.3329x+19.6),
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x 2 ⁇ 0.6034x+79.729, ⁇ 0.0067x 2 ⁇ 0.3966x+20.271), and
- the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.
- a warm-water generating apparatus is the warm-water generating apparatus according to the 10th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments GI, IA, AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CG that connect the following 8 points:
- point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments IA, BD, and CG);
- the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.9473x+57.497, ⁇ 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x 2 ⁇ 1.0268x+58.7, ⁇ 0.0029x 2 +0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x 2 ⁇ 0.6671x+80.4, ⁇ 0.0082x 2 ⁇ 0.3329x+19.6),
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x 2 ⁇ 0.6034x+79.729, ⁇ 0.0067x 2 ⁇ 0.3966x+20.271), and
- the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.
- a warm-water generating apparatus is the warm-water generating apparatus according to the 10th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:
- point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1), point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3), point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD and CJ);
- the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x, ⁇ 0.1135x 2 +12.112x ⁇ 280.43, 0.1135x 2 ⁇ 13.112x+380.43),
- the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x 2 ⁇ 29.955x+931.91, ⁇ 0.2421x 2 +28.955x ⁇ 831.91),
- the line segment KA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.9473x+57.497, ⁇ 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x 2 ⁇ 1.0268x+58.7, ⁇ 0.0029x 2 +0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x 2 ⁇ 0.6671x+80.4, ⁇ 0.0082x 2 ⁇ 0.3329x+19.6),
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x 2 ⁇ 0.6034x+79.729, ⁇ 0.0067x 2 ⁇ 0.3966x+20.271), and
- the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.
- a warm-water generating apparatus is the warm-water generating apparatus according to the 10th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:
- point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD and CJ);
- the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, ⁇ 0.1135x 2 +12.112x ⁇ 280.43, 0.1135x 2 ⁇ 13.112x+380.43)
- the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.9473x+57.497, ⁇ 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x 2 ⁇ 1.0268x+58.7, ⁇ 0.0029x 2 +0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x 2 ⁇ 0.6671x+80.4, ⁇ 0.0082x 2 ⁇ 0.3329x+19.6),
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x 2 ⁇ 0.6034x+79.729, ⁇ 0.0067x 2 ⁇ 0.3966x+20.271), and
- the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.
- a warm-water generating apparatus is the warm-water generating apparatus according to the 10th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TP that connect the following 7 points:
- point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3), or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment BF);
- the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, ⁇ 0.1135x 2 +12.112x ⁇ 280.43, 0.1135x 2 ⁇ 13.112x+380.43),
- the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.9473x+57.497, ⁇ 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x 2 ⁇ 1.0268x+58.7, ⁇ 0.0029x 2 +0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x 2 ⁇ 0.7501x+61.8, ⁇ 0.0078x 2 ⁇ 0.2499x+38.2),
- the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x 2 ⁇ 0.7607x+63.525, ⁇ 0.00672x 2 ⁇ 0.2393x+36.475), and
- the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.
- a warm-water generating apparatus is the warm-water generating apparatus according to the 10th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP that connect the following 4 points:
- point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9), or on the above line segments;
- the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, ⁇ 0.1135x 2 +12.112x ⁇ 280.43, 0.1135x 2 ⁇ 13.112x+380.43),
- the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x 2 ⁇ 0.7607x+63.525, ⁇ 0.00672x 2 ⁇ 0.2393x+36.475), and
- the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.
- a warm-water generating apparatus is the warm-water generating apparatus according to the 10th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TS that connect the following 6 points:
- point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3), or on the above line segments,
- the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.9473x+57.497, ⁇ 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x 2 ⁇ 1.0268x+58.7, ⁇ 0.0029x 2 +0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x 2 ⁇ 0.7501x+61.8, ⁇ 0.0078x 2 ⁇ 0.2499x+38.2),
- the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (x, ⁇ 0.0017x 2 ⁇ 0.7869x+70.888, ⁇ 0.0017x 2 ⁇ 0.2131x+29.112), and
- the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.
- a warm-water generating apparatus is the warm-water generating apparatus according to any of the 1st through 9th aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and
- the refrigerant comprises 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.
- warm water can be efficiently generated when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
- a refrigeration capacity may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity
- COP coefficient of performance
- a warm-water generating apparatus is the warm-water generating apparatus according to any of the 1st through 9th aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and
- the refrigerant comprises 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.
- warm water can be efficiently generated when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
- a refrigeration capacity may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity
- COP coefficient of performance
- a warm-water generating apparatus is the warm-water generating apparatus according to any of the 1st through 9th aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32),
- HFO-1132(E) trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
- HFO-1123 trifluoroethylene
- R1234yf 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
- R32 difluoromethane
- point G (0.026a 2 ⁇ 1.7478a+72.0, ⁇ 0.026a 2 +0.7478a+28.0, 0.0), point I (0.026a 2 ⁇ 1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, ⁇ 0.026a 2 +0.7478a+28.0), point A (0.0134a 2 ⁇ 1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, ⁇ 0.0134a 2 +0.9681a+31.4), point B (0.0, 0.0144a 2 ⁇ 1.6377a+58.7, ⁇ 0.0144a 2 +0.6377a+41.3), point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a 2 +0.968a+75.4, ⁇ 0.0224a 2 ⁇ 1.968a+24.6), and point C ( ⁇ 0.2304a 2 ⁇ 0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a 2 ⁇ 0.5938a+67.1, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI, AB, and D′C (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, point D′, and point C);
- coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
- point G (0.02a 2 ⁇ 1.6013a+71.105, ⁇ 0.02a 2 +0.6013a+28.895, 0.0)
- point I (0.02a 2 ⁇ 1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, ⁇ 0.02a 2 +0.6013a+28.895)
- point A (0.0112a 2 ⁇ 1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, ⁇ 0.0112a 2 +0.9337a+31.516)
- point B (0.0, 0.0075a 2 ⁇ 1.5156a+58.199, ⁇ 0.0075a 2 +0.5156a+41.801)
- point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
- coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
- point G (0.0135a 2 ⁇ 1.4068a+69.727, ⁇ 0.0135a 2 +0.4068a+30.273, 0.0)
- point I (0.0135a 2 ⁇ 1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, ⁇ 0.0135a 2 +0.4068a+30.273)
- point A (0.0107a 2 ⁇ 1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, ⁇ 0.0107a 2 +0.9142a+31.695)
- point B (0.0, 0.009a 2 ⁇ 1.6045a+59.318, ⁇ 0.009a 2 +0.6045a+40.682)
- point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
- coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
- point G (0.0111a 2 ⁇ 1.3152a+68.986, ⁇ 0.0111a 2 +0.3152a+31.014, 0.0)
- point I (0.0111a 2 ⁇ 1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, ⁇ 0.0111a 2 +0.3152a+31.014)
- point A (0.0103a 2 ⁇ 1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, ⁇ 0.0103a 2 +0.9225a+31.207)
- point B 0.0, 0.0046a 2 ⁇ 1.41a+57.286, ⁇ 0.0046a 2 +0.41a+42.714
- point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); and
- coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
- point G (0.0061a 2 ⁇ 0.9918a+63.902, ⁇ 0.0061a 2 ⁇ 0.0082a+36.098, 0.0)
- point I (0.0061a 2 ⁇ 0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, ⁇ 0.0061a 2 ⁇ 0.0082a+36.098)
- point A (0.0085a 2 ⁇ 1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, ⁇ 0.0085a 2 +0.8102a+32.9)
- point B 0.0, 0.0012a 2 ⁇ 1.1659a+52.95, ⁇ 0.0012a 2 +0.1659a+47.05
- point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W).
- warm water can be efficiently generated when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to those of R410A is used.
- a refrigeration capacity may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity
- COP coefficient of performance
- a warm-water generating apparatus is the warm-water generating apparatus according to any of the 1st through 9th aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32),
- HFO-1132(E) trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
- HFO-1123 trifluoroethylene
- R1234yf 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
- R32 difluoromethane
- point J (0.0049a 2 ⁇ 0.9645a+47.1, ⁇ 0.0049a 2 ⁇ 0.0355a+52.9, 0.0)
- point K′ (0.0514a 2 ⁇ 2.4353a+61.7, ⁇ 0.0323a 2 +0.4122a+5.9, ⁇ 0.0191a 2 +1.0231a+32.4)
- point B (0.0, 0.0144a 2 ⁇ 1.6377a+58.7, ⁇ 0.0144a 2 +0.6377a+41.3)
- point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a 2 +0.968a+75.4, ⁇ 0.0224a 2 ⁇ 1.968a+24.6)
- point C ( ⁇ 0.2304a 2 ⁇ 0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a 2 ⁇ 0.5938a+67.1, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK′, K′B, and D′C (excluding point J, point B, point D′, and point C);
- coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:
- point J (0.0243a 2 ⁇ 1.4161a+49.725, ⁇ 0.0243a 2 +0.4161a+50.275, 0.0)
- point K′ (0.0341a 2 ⁇ 2.1977a+61.187, ⁇ 0.0236a 2 +0.34a+5.636, ⁇ 0.0105a 2 +0.8577a+33.177)
- point B (0.0, 0.0075a 2 ⁇ 1.5156a+58.199, ⁇ 0.0075a 2 +0.5156a+41.801)
- point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);
- coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:
- point J (0.0246a 2 ⁇ 1.4476a+50.184, ⁇ 0.0246a 2 +0.4476a+49.816, 0.0)
- point K′ (0.0196a 2 ⁇ 1.7863a+58.515, ⁇ 0.0079a 2 ⁇ 0.1136a+8.702, ⁇ 0.0117a 2 +0.8999a+32.783)
- point B (0.0, 0.009a 2 ⁇ 1.6045a+59.318, ⁇ 0.009a 2 +0.6045a+40.682)
- point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);
- coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:
- point J (0.0183a 2 ⁇ 1.1399a+46.493, ⁇ 0.0183a 2 +0.1399a+53.507, 0.0)
- point K′ ( ⁇ 0.0051a 2 +0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a 2 ⁇ 1.0929a+74.05)
- point A (0.0103a 2 ⁇ 1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, ⁇ 0.0103a 2 +0.9225a+31.207)
- point B (0.0, 0.0046a 2 ⁇ 1.41a+57.286, ⁇ 0.0046a 2 +0.41a+42.714), and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W); and
- coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:
- point J ( ⁇ 0.0134a 2 +1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a 2 ⁇ 2.0956a+92.87, 0.0)
- point K′ ( ⁇ 1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557)
- point A (0.0085a 2 ⁇ 1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, ⁇ 0.0085a 2 +0.8102a+32.9)
- point B (0.0, 0.0012a 2 ⁇ 1.1659a+52.95, ⁇ 0.0012a 2 +0.1659a+47.05)
- point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W).
- warm water can be efficiently generated when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to those of R410A is used.
- a refrigeration capacity may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity
- COP coefficient of performance
- a warm-water generating apparatus is the warm-water generating apparatus according to any of the 1st through 9th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
- the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf)
- the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.0236y 2 ⁇ 1.7616y+72.0, y, ⁇ 0.0236y 2 +0.7616y+28.0);
- the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y 2 ⁇ 1.9003y+58.3, y, ⁇ 0.012y 2 +0.9003y+41.7);
- warm water can be efficiently generated when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
- a refrigeration capacity may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity
- Class 2L the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
- a warm-water generating apparatus is the warm-water generating apparatus according to any of the 1st through 9th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,
- point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4), point M′(39.2, 5.0, 55.8), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);
- the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y 2 ⁇ 3.34y+52.6, y, ⁇ 0.132y 2 +2.34y+47.4);
- the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates (0.0596y 2 ⁇ 2.2541y+48.98, y, ⁇ 0.0596y 2 +1.2541y+51.02);
- the line segment VG is represented by coordinates (0.0123y 2 ⁇ 1.8033y+39.6, y, ⁇ 0.0123y 2 +0.8033y+60.4);
- the line segments NV and GM are straight lines.
- warm water can be efficiently generated when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
- a refrigeration capacity may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity
- Class 2L the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
- a warm-water generating apparatus is the warm-water generating apparatus according to any of the 1st through 9th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,
- the line segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y 2 ⁇ 0.6701y+37.512, y, ⁇ 0.0072y 2 ⁇ 0.3299y+62.488);
- the line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y 2 ⁇ 1.7403y+56.635, y, ⁇ 0.0083y 2 +0.7403y+43.365);
- the line segment UO is a straight line.
- warm water can be efficiently generated when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
- a refrigeration capacity may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity
- Class 2L the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
- a warm-water generating apparatus is the warm-water generating apparatus according to any of the 1st through 9th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,
- point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4), point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7), point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8), point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6), or on these line segments;
- the line segment QR is represented by coordinates (0.0099y 2 ⁇ 1.975y+84.765, y, ⁇ 0.0099y 2 +0.975y+15.235);
- the line segment RT is represented by coordinates (0.0082y 2 ⁇ 1.8683y+83.126, y, ⁇ 0.0082y 2 +0.8683y+16.874);
- the line segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y 2 ⁇ 0.8842y+61.488, y, ⁇ 0.0049y 2 ⁇ 0.1158y+38.512);
- the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates (0.0095y 2 ⁇ 1.2222y+67.676, y, ⁇ 0.0095y 2 +0.2222y+32.324);
- the line segment TL is a straight line.
- warm water can be efficiently generated when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
- a refrigeration capacity may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity
- Class 2L the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
- a warm-water generating apparatus is the warm-water generating apparatus according to any of the 1st through 9th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,
- point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8), point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8), or on these line segments;
- the line segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y 2 ⁇ 0.7103y+40.1, y, ⁇ 0.0064y 2 ⁇ 0.2897y+59.9);
- the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (0.0082y 2 ⁇ 1.8683y+83.126, y, ⁇ 0.0082y 2 +0.8683y+16.874);
- the line segment TP is a straight line.
- warm water can be efficiently generated when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
- a refrigeration capacity may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity
- Class 2L the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
- a warm-water generating apparatus is the warm-water generating apparatus according to any of the 1st through 9th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32),
- point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GI);
- the line segment IK is represented by coordinates (0.025z 2 ⁇ 1.7429z+72.00, ⁇ 0.025z 2 +0.7429z+28.0, z),
- the line segment HR is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 0.3123z 2 +4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z 2 ⁇ 5.234z+88.94, z),
- the line segment RG is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 0.0491z 2 ⁇ 1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z 2 +0.1544z+61.5, z), and
- the line segments KB′ and GI are straight lines.
- warm water can be efficiently generated when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
- COP coefficient of performance
- a warm-water generating apparatus is the warm-water generating apparatus according to any of the 1st through 9th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,
- point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GI);
- the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.025z 2 ⁇ 1.7429z+72.0, ⁇ 0.025z 2 +0.7429z+28.0, z),
- the line segment RG is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 0.0491z 2 ⁇ 1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z 2 +0.1544z+61.5, z), and
- the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.
- warm water can be efficiently generated when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
- COP coefficient of performance
- a warm-water generating apparatus is the warm-water generating apparatus according to any of the 1st through 9th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,
- point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GM);
- the line segment MP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z 2 ⁇ 0.984 z+ 47.1, ⁇ 0.0083z 2 ⁇ 0.016 z+ 52.9, z),
- the line segment HR is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 0.3123z 2 +4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z 2 ⁇ 5.234z+88.94, z),
- the line segment RG is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 0.0491z 2 ⁇ 1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z 2 +0.1544z+61.5, z), and
- the line segments PB′ and GM are straight lines.
- warm water can be efficiently generated when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
- COP coefficient of performance
- a warm-water generating apparatus is the warm-water generating apparatus according to any of the 1st through 9th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,
- point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);
- the line segment MN is represented by coordinates (0.0083z 2 ⁇ 0.984z+47.1, ⁇ 0.0083z 2 ⁇ 0.016z+52.9, z),
- the line segment RG is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 0.0491z 2 ⁇ 1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z 2 +0.1544z+61.5, z), and
- the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.
- warm water can be efficiently generated when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
- COP coefficient of performance
- a warm-water generating apparatus is the warm-water generating apparatus according to any of the 1st through 9th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,
- point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2), or on these line segments;
- the line segment ST is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 0.0982z 2 +0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z 2 ⁇ 1.9622 z+ 59.069, z),
- the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z 2 ⁇ 0.984z+47.1, ⁇ 0.0083z 2 ⁇ 0.016z+52.9, z), and
- the line segment PS is a straight line.
- warm water can be efficiently generated when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
- COP coefficient of performance
- a warm-water generating apparatus is the warm-water generating apparatus according to any of the 1st through 9th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,
- point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0), point B′′ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0), point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment B′′D);
- the line segment DU is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 3.4962z 2 +210.71z ⁇ 3146.1, 3.4962z 2 ⁇ 211.71z+3246.1, z),
- the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates (0.0135z 2 ⁇ 0.9181z+44.133, ⁇ 0.0135z 2 ⁇ 0.0819z+55.867, z), and
- warm water can be efficiently generated when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
- COP coefficient of performance
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an instrument used for a flammability test.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing points A to T and line segments that connect these points in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing points A to C, D′, G, I, J, and K′, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass %.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing points A to C, D′, G, I, J, and K′, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 92.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 7.1 mass %).
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing points A to C, D′, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 88.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 11.1 mass %).
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 85.5 mass % (the content of R32 is 14.5 mass %).
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 81.8 mass % (the content of R32 is 18.2 mass %).
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 78.1 mass % (the content of R32 is 21.9 mass %).
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 73.3 mass % (the content of R32 is 26.7 mass %).
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 70.7 mass % (the content of R32 is 29.3 mass %).
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 63.3 mass % (the content of R32 is 36.7 mass %).
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 55.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 44.1 mass %).
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 52.2 mass % (the content of R32 is 47.8 mass %).
- FIG. 14 is a view showing points A to C, E, G, and I to W; and line segments that connect points A to C, E, G, and I to W in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass %.
- FIG. 15 is a view showing points A to U; and line segments that connect the points in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass %.
- FIG. 16 is an external view of a warm-water supply system serving as a warm-water generating apparatus according to a first embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a water-circuit and refrigerant-circuit diagram of the warm-water supply system according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a control block diagram of the warm-water supply system according to a first embodiment.
- FIG. 19 is a water-circuit and refrigerant-circuit diagram of a warm-water supply system according to a first modification of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is a water-circuit and refrigerant-circuit diagram of a warm-water supply system according to a second modification of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 21 illustrates a part of a configuration of a warm-water circulation heating system serving as a warm-water generating apparatus according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 22 illustrates a part of the configuration of the warm-water circulation heating system according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 23 illustrates a part of the configuration of the warm-water circulation heating system according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 24 is a control block diagram of the warm-water circulation heating system according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 25 illustrates a part of a configuration of a warm-water circulation heating system according to a first modification of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 26 illustrates a part of a configuration of a warm-water circulation heating system according to a second modification of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 27 is a schematic configuration diagram of a warm-water supply system serving as a warm-water generating apparatus according to a third embodiment.
- FIG. 28 is a schematic configuration diagram of a heat source unit of the warm-water supply system according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 29 is a control block diagram of the warm-water supply system according to the third embodiment.
- refrigerant includes at least compounds that are specified in ISO 817 (International Organization for Standardization), and that are given a refrigerant number (ASHRAE number) representing the type of refrigerant with “R” at the beginning; and further includes refrigerants that have properties equivalent to those of such refrigerants, even though a refrigerant number is not yet given.
- Refrigerants are broadly divided into fluorocarbon compounds and non-fluorocarbon compounds in terms of the structure of the compounds.
- Fluorocarbon compounds include chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFC).
- Non-fluorocarbon compounds include propane (R290), propylene (R1270), butane (R600), isobutane (R600a), carbon dioxide (R744), ammonia (R717), and the like.
- composition comprising a refrigerant at least includes (1) a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants), (2) a composition that further comprises other components and that can be mixed with at least a refrigeration oil to obtain a working fluid for a refrigerating machine, and (3) a working fluid for a refrigerating machine containing a refrigeration oil.
- the composition (2) is referred to as a “refrigerant composition” so as to distinguish it from a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants).
- the working fluid for a refrigerating machine (3) is referred to as a “refrigeration oil-containing working fluid” so as to distinguish it from the “refrigerant composition.”
- the first type of “alternative” means that equipment designed for operation using the first refrigerant can be operated using the second refrigerant under optimum conditions, optionally with changes of only a few parts (at least one of the following: refrigeration oil, gasket, packing, expansion valve, dryer, and other parts) and equipment adjustment.
- this type of alternative means that the same equipment is operated with an alternative refrigerant.
- Embodiments of this type of “alternative” include “drop-in alternative,” “nearly drop-in alternative,” and “retrofit,” in the order in which the extent of changes and adjustment necessary for replacing the first refrigerant with the second refrigerant is smaller.
- alterative also includes a second type of “alternative,” which means that equipment designed for operation using the second refrigerant is operated for the same use as the existing use with the first refrigerant by using the second refrigerant. This type of alternative means that the same use is achieved with an alternative refrigerant.
- refrigerating machine refers to machines in general that draw heat from an object or space to make its temperature lower than the temperature of ambient air, and maintain a low temperature.
- refrigerating machines refer to conversion machines that gain energy from the outside to do work, and that perform energy conversion, in order to transfer heat from where the temperature is lower to where the temperature is higher.
- a refrigerant having a “WCF lower flammability” means that the most flammable composition (worst case of formulation for flammability: WCF) has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34 ⁇ 2013.
- a refrigerant having “ASHRAE lower flammability” means that the burning velocity of WCF is 10 cm/s or less, that the most flammable fraction composition (worst case of fractionation for flammability: WCFF), which is specified by performing a leakage test during storage, shipping, or use based on ANSI/ASHRAE 34-2013 using WCF, has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less, and that flammability classification according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34 ⁇ 2013 is determined to classified as be “Class 2L.”
- a refrigerant having an “RCL of x % or more” means that the refrigerant has a refrigerant concentration limit (RCL), calculated in accordance with the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34 ⁇ 2013, of x % or more.
- RCL refers to a concentration limit in the air in consideration of safety factors.
- RCL is an index for reducing the risk of acute toxicity, suffocation, and flammability in a closed space where humans are present.
- RCL is determined in accordance with the ASHRAE Standard.
- RCL is the lowest concentration among the acute toxicity exposure limit (ATEL), the oxygen deprivation limit (ODL), and the flammable concentration limit (FCL), which are respectively calculated in accordance with sections 7.1.1, 7.1.2, and 7.1.3 of the ASHRAE Standard.
- ATEL acute toxicity exposure limit
- ODL oxygen deprivation limit
- FCL flammable concentration limit
- temperature glide refers to an absolute value of the difference between the initial temperature and the end temperature in the phase change process of a composition containing the refrigerant of the present disclosure in the heat exchanger of a refrigerant system.
- refrigerant A any one of various refrigerants such as refrigerant A, refrigerant B, refrigerant C, refrigerant D, and refrigerant E, details of these refrigerant are to be mentioned later, can be used as the refrigerant.
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure can be preferably used as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine.
- composition according to the present disclosure is suitable for use as an alternative refrigerant for HFC refrigerant such as R410A, R407C and R404 etc, or HCFC refrigerant such as R22 etc.
- the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant according to the present disclosure, and can be used for the same use as the refrigerant according to the present disclosure. Moreover, the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure can be further mixed with at least a refrigeration oil to thereby obtain a working fluid for a refrigerating machine.
- the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure further comprises at least one other component in addition to the refrigerant according to the present disclosure.
- the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise at least one of the following other components, if necessary.
- the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure when used as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine, it is generally used as a mixture with at least a refrigeration oil. Therefore, it is preferable that the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure does not substantially comprise a refrigeration oil.
- the content of the refrigeration oil based on the entire refrigerant composition is preferably 0 to 1 mass %, and more preferably 0 to 0.1 mass %.
- the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may contain a small amount of water.
- the water content of the refrigerant composition is preferably 0.1 mass % or less based on the entire refrigerant.
- a small amount of water contained in the refrigerant composition stabilizes double bonds in the molecules of unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds that can be present in the refrigerant, and makes it less likely that the unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds will be oxidized, thus increasing the stability of the refrigerant composition.
- a tracer is added to the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure at a detectable concentration such that when the refrigerant composition has been diluted, contaminated, or undergone other changes, the tracer can trace the changes.
- the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single tracer, or two or more tracers.
- the tracer is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used tracers.
- a compound that cannot be an impurity inevitably mixed in the refrigerant of the present disclosure is selected as the tracer.
- tracers examples include hydrofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons, fluorocarbons, deuterated hydrocarbons, deuterated hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, brominated compounds, iodinated compounds, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and nitrous oxide (N 2 O).
- the tracer is particularly preferably a hydrofluorocarbon, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon, a chlorofluorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, a hydrochlorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, or a fluoroether.
- FC-14 (tetrafluoromethane, CF 4 ) HCC-40 (chloromethane, CH 3 Cl) HFC-23 (trifluoromethane, CHF 3 ) HFC-41 (fluoromethane, CH 3 Cl) HFC-125 (pentafluoroethane, CF 3 CHF 2 ) HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, CF 3 CH 2 F) HFC-134 (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, CHF 2 CHF 2 ) HFC-143a (1,1,1-trifluoroethane, CF 3 CH 3 ) HFC-143 (1,1,2-trifluoroethane, CHF 2 CH 2 F) HFC-152a (1,1-difluoroethane, CHF 2 CH 3 ) HFC-152 (1,2-difluoroethane, CH 2 FCH 2 F) HFC-161 (fluoroethane, CH 3 CH 2 F)
- the tracer compound may be present in the refrigerant composition at a total concentration of about 10 parts per million (ppm) to about 1000 ppm.
- the tracer compound is present in the refrigerant composition at a total concentration of about 30 ppm to about 500 ppm, and most preferably, the tracer compound is present at a total concentration of about 50 ppm to about 300 ppm.
- the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single ultraviolet fluorescent dye, or two or more ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.
- the ultraviolet fluorescent dye is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.
- ultraviolet fluorescent dyes examples include naphthalimide, coumarin, anthracene, phenanthrene, xanthene, thioxanthene, naphthoxanthene, fluorescein, and derivatives thereof.
- the ultraviolet fluorescent dye is particularly preferably either naphthalimide or coumarin, or both.
- the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single stabilizer, or two or more stabilizers.
- the stabilizer is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used stabilizers.
- stabilizers examples include nitro compounds, ethers, and amines.
- nitro compounds include aliphatic nitro compounds, such as nitromethane and nitroethane; and aromatic nitro compounds, such as nitro benzene and nitro styrene.
- ethers examples include 1,4-dioxane.
- amines examples include 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropylamine and diphenylamine.
- stabilizers also include butylhydroxyxylene and benzotriazole.
- the content of the stabilizer is not limited. Generally, the content of the stabilizer is preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %, based on the entire refrigerant.
- the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single polymerization inhibitor, or two or more polymerization inhibitors.
- the polymerization inhibitor is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used polymerization inhibitors.
- polymerization inhibitors examples include 4-methoxy-1-naphthol, hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether, dimethyl-t-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and benzotriazole.
- the content of the polymerization inhibitor is not limited. Generally, the content of the polymerization inhibitor is preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %, based on the entire refrigerant.
- the refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant or refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure and a refrigeration oil, for use as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine.
- the refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure is obtained by mixing a refrigeration oil used in a compressor of a refrigerating machine with the refrigerant or the refrigerant composition.
- the refrigeration oil-containing working fluid generally comprises 10 to 50 mass % of refrigeration oil.
- the refrigeration oil is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used refrigeration oils.
- refrigeration oils that are superior in the action of increasing the miscibility with the mixture and the stability of the mixture, for example, are suitably selected as necessary.
- the base oil of the refrigeration oil is preferably, for example, at least one member selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycols (PAG), polyol esters (POE), and polyvinyl ethers (PVE).
- PAG polyalkylene glycols
- POE polyol esters
- PVE polyvinyl ethers
- the refrigeration oil may further contain additives in addition to the base oil.
- the additive may be at least one member selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, extreme-pressure agents, acid scavengers, oxygen scavengers, copper deactivators, rust inhibitors, oil agents, and antifoaming agents.
- a refrigeration oil with a kinematic viscosity of 5 to 400 cSt at 40° C. is preferable from the standpoint of lubrication.
- the refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure may further optionally contain at least one additive.
- additives include compatibilizing agents described below.
- the refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure may comprise a single compatibilizing agent, or two or more compatibilizing agents.
- the compatibilizing agent is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used compatibilizing agents.
- compatibilizing agents include polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers, and 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes.
- the compatibilizing agent is particularly preferably a polyoxyalkylene glycol ether.
- each description of the following refrigerant A, refrigerant B, refrigerant C, refrigerant D, and refrigerant E is each independent.
- the alphabet which shows a point or a line segment, the number of an Examples, and the number of a comparative examples are all independent of each other among the refrigerant A, the refrigerant B, the refrigerant C, the refrigerant D, and the refrigerant E.
- the first embodiment of the refrigerant A and the first embodiment of the refrigerant B are different embodiment from each other.
- the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).
- the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e., a refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of performance that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.
- the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is a composition comprising HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf, and optionally further comprising HFO-1123, and may further satisfy the following requirements.
- This refrigerant also has various properties desirable as an alternative refrigerant for R410A; i.e., it has a refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of performance that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.
- Preferable refrigerant A is as follows:
- point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line CO);
- the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.9473x+57.497, ⁇ 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x 2 ⁇ 1.0268x+58.7, ⁇ 0.0029x 2 +0.0268x+41.3,
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x 2 ⁇ 0.6671x+80.4, ⁇ 0.0082x 2 ⁇ 0.3329x+19.6),
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x 2 ⁇ 0.6034x+79.729, ⁇ 0.0067x 2 ⁇ 0.3966x+20.271), and
- the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
- the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within a figure surrounded by line segments GI, IA, AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CG that connect the following 8 points:
- point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CG);
- the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.9473x+57.497, ⁇ 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x 2 ⁇ 1.0268x+58.7, ⁇ 0.0029x 2 +0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x 2 ⁇ 0.6671x+80.4, ⁇ 0.0082x 2 ⁇ 0.3329x+19.6),
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x 2 ⁇ 0.6034x+79.729, ⁇ 0.0067x 2 ⁇ 0.3966x+20.271), and
- the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.
- the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant A has a WCF lower flammability according to the ASHRAE Standard (the WCF composition has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less).
- the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:
- point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1), point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3), point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CJ);
- the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x, ⁇ 0.1135x 2 +12.112x ⁇ 280.43, 0.1135x 2 ⁇ 13.112x+380.43),
- the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x 2 ⁇ 29.955x+931.91, ⁇ 0.2421x 2 +28.955x ⁇ 831.91),
- the line segment KA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.9473x+57.497, ⁇ 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x 2 ⁇ 1.0268x+58.7, ⁇ 0.0029x 2 +0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x 2 ⁇ 0.6671x+80.4, ⁇ 0.0082x 2 ⁇ 0.3329x+19.6),
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x 2 ⁇ 0.6034x+79.729, ⁇ 0.0067x 2 ⁇ 0.3966x+20.271), and
- the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.
- the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant exhibits a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard (the WCF composition and the WCFF composition have a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less).
- the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′ C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:
- point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CJ);
- the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, ⁇ 0.1135x 2 +12.112x ⁇ 280.43, 0.1135x 2 ⁇ 13.112x+380.43),
- the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.9473x+57.497, ⁇ 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x 2 ⁇ 1.0268x+58.7, ⁇ 0.0029x 2 +0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x 2 ⁇ 0.6671x+80.4, ⁇ 0.0082x 2 ⁇ 0.3329x+19.6),
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x 2 ⁇ 0.6034x+79.729, ⁇ 0.0067x 2 ⁇ 0.3966x+20.271), and
- the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has an RCL of 40 g/m 3 or more.
- the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TP that connect the following 7 points:
- point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3), or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment BF);
- the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, ⁇ 0.1135x 2 +12.112x ⁇ 280.43, 0.1135x 2 ⁇ 13.112x+380.43),
- the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.9473x+57.497, ⁇ 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x 2 ⁇ 1.0268x+58.7, ⁇ 0.0029x 2 +0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x 2 ⁇ 0.7501x+61.8, ⁇ 0.0078x 2 ⁇ 0.2499x+38.2),
- the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x 2 ⁇ 0.7607x+63.525, ⁇ 0.00672x 2 ⁇ 0.2393x+36.475), and
- the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has an RCL of 40 g/m 3 or more.
- the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP that connect the following 4 points:
- point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9), or on the above line segments;
- the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, ⁇ 0.1135x 2 +12.112x ⁇ 280.43, 0.1135x 2 ⁇ 13.112x+380.43),
- the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x 2 ⁇ 0.7607x+63.525, ⁇ 0.00672x 2 ⁇ 0.2393x+36.475), and
- the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m 3 or more, furthermore, the refrigerant has a condensation temperature glide of 1° C. or less.
- the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TS that connect the following 6 points:
- the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.9473x+57.497, ⁇ 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x 2 ⁇ 1.0268x+58.7, ⁇ 0.0029x 2 +0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x 2 ⁇ 0.7501x+61.8, ⁇ 0.0078x 2 ⁇ 0.2499x+38.2),
- the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (x, ⁇ 0.0017x 2 ⁇ 0.7869x+70.888, ⁇ 0.0017x 2 ⁇ 0.2131x+29.112), and
- the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m 3 or more furthermore, the refrigerant has a discharge pressure of 105% or more relative to that of R410A.
- the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Od, dg, gh, and hO that connect the following 4 points:
- point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4), point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7), point h (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and point o (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the line segments Od, dg, gh, and hO (excluding the points O and h);
- the line segment dg is represented by coordinates (0.0047y 2 ⁇ 1.5177y+87.598, y, ⁇ 0.0047y 2 +0.5177y+12.402),
- the line segment gh is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 0.0134z 2 ⁇ 1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z 2 +0.0825z+43.308, z), and
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
- the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- point l (72.5, 10.2, 17.3), point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7), point h (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0) or on the line segments lg, gh, and il (excluding the points h and i);
- the line segment lg is represented by coordinates (0.0047y 2 ⁇ 1.5177y+87.598, y, ⁇ 0.0047y 2 +0.5177y+12.402)
- the line gh is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 0.0134z 2 ⁇ 1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z 2 +0.0825z+43.308, z)
- the line segments hi and il are straight lines.
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard.
- the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4), point e (31.1, 42.9, 26.0), point f (65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the line segments Od, de, and ef (excluding the points O and f);
- the line segment de is represented by coordinates (0.0047y 2 ⁇ 1.5177y+87.598, y, ⁇ 0.0047y 2 +0.5177y+12.402),
- the line segment ef is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 0.0064z 2 ⁇ 1.1565z+65.501, 0.0064z 2 +0.1565z+34.499, z), and
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
- the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- point l (72.5, 10.2, 17.3), point e (31.1, 42.9, 26.0), point f (65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0), or on the line segments le, ef, and il (excluding the points f and i);
- the line segment le is represented by coordinates (0.0047y 2 ⁇ 1.5177y+87.598, y, ⁇ 0.0047y 2 +0.5177y+12.402),
- the line segment ef is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 0.0134z 2 ⁇ 1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z 2 +0.0825z+43.308, z), and
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard.
- the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- point a (93.4, 0.0, 6.6), point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8), point c (77.6, 22.4, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the line segments Oa, ab, and be (excluding the points O and c);
- the line segment ab is represented by coordinates (0.0052y 2 ⁇ 1.5588y+93.385, y, ⁇ 0.0052y 2 +0.5588y+6.615),
- the line segment be is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 0.0032z 2 ⁇ 1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z 2 +0.1791z+22.407, z), and
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A.
- the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- point k (72.5, 14.1, 13.4), point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8), and point j (72.5, 23.2, 4.3), or on the line segments kb, bj, and jk;
- the line segment kb is represented by coordinates (0.0052y 2 ⁇ 1.5588y+93.385, y, and ⁇ 0.0052y 2 +0.5588y+6.615),
- the line segment bj is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 0.0032z 2 ⁇ 1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z 2 +0.1791z+22.407, z), and
- the line segment jk is a straight line.
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard.
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired.
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure may comprise HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, 99.75 mass % or more, or 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.
- Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can be widely selected.
- the mixed refrigerant may contain one additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.
- refrigerant A is not limited to the Examples.
- the GWP of R1234yf and a composition consisting of a mixed refrigerant R410A was evaluated based on the values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report.
- the refrigerating capacity of R410A and compositions each comprising a mixture of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.
- the RCL of the mixture was calculated with the LFL of HFO-1132(E) being 4.7 vol. %, the LFL of HFO-1123 being 10 vol. %, and the LFL of R1234yf being 6.2 vol. %, in accordance with the ASHRAE Standard 34 ⁇ 2013.
- Tables 1 to 34 show these values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant.
- Example Example Example Example 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Item Unit L M Q R S S′ T HFO-1132(E) mass % 63.1 60.3 62.8 49.8 62.6 50.0 35.8 HFO-1123 mass % 31.9 6.2 29.6 42.3 28.3 35.8 44.9 R1234yf mass % 5.0 33.5 7.6 7.9 9.1 14.2 19.3 GWP — 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 COP ratio % (relative to 96.1 99.4 96.4 95.0 96.6 95.8 95.0 410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 101.6 85.0 100.2 101.7 99.4 98.1 96.7 capacity ratio 410A) Condensation ° C.
- Example Example Example Ex. 10 20 21 Item Unit G H I HFO-1132(E) mass % 72.0 72.0 72.0 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 14.0 0.0 R1234yf mass % 0.0 14.0 28.0 GWP — 1 1 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.6 98.2 99.9 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 103.1 95.1 86.6 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 0.46 1.27 1.71 glide Discharge % (relative 108.4 98.7 88.6 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m 3 37.4 37.0 36.6
- Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R1234yf mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative to 93.0 93.7 94.5 95.5 96.5 97.6 98.7 410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 97.7 97.4 96.8 95.9 94.7 93.4 91.9 capacity ratio 410A) Condensation ° C.
- Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 53 54 55 56 57 58 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 HFO-1123 mass % 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R1234yf mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative to 94.3 95.0 95.9 96.8 97.8 98.9 410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 91.9 91.5 90.8 89.9 88.7 87.3 capacity ratio 410A) Condensation ° C.
- Example Example Item Unit 226 227 HFO-1132(E) mass % 34.0 36.0 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 26.0 R1234yf mass % 38.0 38.0 GWP — 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 97.4 97.6 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.6 85.3 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation glide ° C. 4.18 4.11 Discharge pressure % (relative 91.0 90.6 to 410A) RCL g/m 3 50.9 49.8
- the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.9473x+57.497, ⁇ 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.0527x+42.503)
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x 2 ⁇ 1.0268x+58.7, ⁇ 0.0029x 2 +0.0268x+41.3
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x 2 ⁇ 0.6671x+80.4, ⁇ 0.0082x 2 ⁇ 0.3329x+19.6)
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00
- the point on the line segment AA′ was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point A, Example 1, and point A′ by the least square method.
- the point on the line segment A′B was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point A′, Example 3, and point B by the least square method.
- the point on the line segment DC′ was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point D, Example 6, and point C′ by the least square method.
- the point on the line segment C′C was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point C′, Example 4, and point C by the least square method.
- the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.9473x+57.497, ⁇ 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.0527x+42.503)
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x 2 ⁇ 1.0268x+58.7, ⁇ 0.0029x 2 +0.0268x+41.3)
- the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x 2 ⁇ 0.7501x+61.8, ⁇ 0.0078x 2 ⁇ 0.2499x+38.2)
- the line segment TE is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067
- the point on the line segment FT was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points T, E′, and F, by the least square method.
- the point on the line segment TE was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points E, R, and T, by the least square method.
- the composition preferably contains R1234yf.
- a burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner.
- reference numeral 901 refers to a sample cell
- 902 refers to a high-speed camera
- 903 refers to a xenon lamp
- 904 refers to a collimating lens
- 905 refers to a collimating lens
- 906 refers to a ring filter.
- the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge.
- the burning velocity was measured by the closed method.
- the initial temperature was ambient temperature.
- Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell.
- the duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J.
- the spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs.
- a cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source.
- Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.
- Each WCFF concentration was obtained by using the WCF concentration as the initial concentration and performing a leak simulation using NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0.
- Tables 36 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, and a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below the line segments JP, PN, and NK connecting the following 6 points:
- the refrigerant can be determined to have a WCF lower flammability, and a WCFF lower flammability.
- the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x, ⁇ 0.1135x 2 +12.112x ⁇ 280.43, 0.1135x 2 ⁇ 13.112 x+ 380.43), and the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x 2 ⁇ 29.955 x+ 931.91, ⁇ 0.2421x 2 +28.955x ⁇ 831.91).
- the point on the line segment PN was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points P, L, and N, by the least square method.
- the point on the line segment NK was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points N, N′, and K, by the least square method.
- the refrigerant B is a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and the refrigerant comprising 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % or 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant, or
- a mixed refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and the refrigerant comprising 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.
- the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e., (1) a coefficient of performance equivalent to that of R410A, (2) a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of R410A, (3) a sufficiently low GWP, and (4) a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.
- the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising 72.0 mass % or less of HFO-1132(E), it has WCF lower flammability.
- the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is a composition comprising 47.1% or less of HFO-1132(E), it has WCF lower flammability and WCFF lower flammability, and is determined to be “Class 2L,” which is a lower flammable refrigerant according to the ASHRAE standard, and which is further easier to handle.
- the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure comprises 62.0 mass % or more of HFO-1132(E), it becomes superior with a coefficient of performance of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, the polymerization reaction of HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1123 is further suppressed, and the stability is further improved.
- the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure comprises 45.1 mass % or more of HFO-1132(E), it becomes superior with a coefficient of performance of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, the polymerization reaction of HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1123 is further suppressed, and the stability is further improved.
- the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired.
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.75 mass % or more, and more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.
- additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be selected from a wide range of refrigerants.
- the mixed refrigerant may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.
- refrigerant B is not limited to the Examples.
- the GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A was evaluated based on the values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report.
- IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
- compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 were determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.
- composition of each mixture was defined as WCF.
- a leak simulation was performed using NIST Standard Reference Data Base Refleak Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34 ⁇ 2013.
- the most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.
- Tables 1 and 2 show GWP, COP, and refrigerating capacity, which were calculated based on these results.
- the COP and refrigerating capacity are ratios relative to R410A.
- the coefficient of performance (COP) was determined by the following formula.
- the burning velocity was measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34 ⁇ 2013. Both WCF and WCFF having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be “Class 2L (lower flammability).”
- a burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner.
- the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge.
- the burning velocity was measured by the closed method.
- the initial temperature was ambient temperature.
- Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell.
- the duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J.
- the spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs.
- a cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source.
- Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.
- the refrigerant C according to the present disclosure is a composition comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32), and satisfies the following requirements.
- the refrigerant C according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an alternative refrigerant for R410A; i.e. it has a coefficient of performance and a refrigerating capacity that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.
- Preferable refrigerant C is as follows:
- HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
- point G (0.026a 2 ⁇ 1.7478a+72.0, ⁇ 0.026a 2 +0.7478a+28.0, 0.0), point I (0.026a 2 ⁇ 1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, ⁇ 0.026a 2 +0.7478a+28.0), point A (0.0134a 2 ⁇ 1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, ⁇ 0.0134a 2 +0.9681a+31.4), point B (0.0, 0.0144a 2 ⁇ 1.6377a+58.7, ⁇ 0.0144a 2 +0.6377a+41.3), point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a 2 +0.968a+75.4, ⁇ 0.0224a 2 ⁇ 1.968a+24.6), and point C ( ⁇ 0.2304a 2 ⁇ 0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a 2 ⁇ 0.5938a+67.1, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI, AB, and D′C (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, point D′, and point C);
- coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
- point G (0.02a 2 ⁇ 1.6013a+71.105, ⁇ 0.02a 2 +0.6013a+28.895, 0.0)
- point I (0.02a 2 ⁇ 1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, ⁇ 0.02a 2 +0.6013a+28.895)
- point A (0.0112a 2 ⁇ 1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, ⁇ 0.0112a 2 +0.9337a+31.516)
- point B (0.0, 0.0075a 2 ⁇ 1.5156a+58.199, ⁇ 0.0075a 2 +0.5156a+41.801)
- point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
- coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
- point G (0.0135a 2 ⁇ 1.4068a+69.727, ⁇ 0.0135a 2 +0.4068a+30.273, 0.0)
- point I (0.0135a 2 ⁇ 1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, ⁇ 0.0135a 2 +0.4068a+30.273)
- point A (0.0107a 2 ⁇ 1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, ⁇ 0.0107a 2 +0.9142a+31.695)
- point B (0.0, 0.009a 2 ⁇ 1.6045a+59.318, ⁇ 0.009a 2 +0.6045a+40.682)
- point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
- coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
- point G (0.0111a 2 ⁇ 1.3152a+68.986, ⁇ 0.0111a 2 +0.3152a+31.014, 0.0)
- point I (0.0111a 2 ⁇ 1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, ⁇ 0.0111a 2 +0.3152a+31.014)
- point A (0.0103a 2 ⁇ 1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, ⁇ 0.0103a 2 +0.9225a+31.207)
- point B 0.0, 0.0046a 2 ⁇ 1.41a+57.286, ⁇ 0.0046a 2 +0.41a+42.714) and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); and
- coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
- point G (0.0061a 2 ⁇ 0.9918a+63.902, ⁇ 0.0061a 2 ⁇ 0.0082a+36.098, 0.0)
- point I (0.0061a 2 ⁇ 0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, ⁇ 0.0061a 2 ⁇ 0.0082a+36.098)
- point A (0.0085a 2 ⁇ 1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, ⁇ 0.0085a 2 +0.8102a+32.9)
- point B 0.0, 0.0012a 2 ⁇ 1.1659a+52.95, ⁇ 0.0012a 2 +0.1659a+47.05
- point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W).
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure satisfies the above requirements, it has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and further ensures a WCF lower flammability.
- the refrigerant C according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- point J (0.0049a 2 ⁇ 0.9645a+47.1, ⁇ 0.0049a 2 ⁇ 0.0355a+52.9, 0.0)
- point K′ (0.0514a 2 ⁇ 2.4353a+61.7, ⁇ 0.0323a 2 +0.4122a+5.9, ⁇ 0.0191a 2 +1.0231a+32.4)
- point B (0.0, 0.0144a 2 ⁇ 1.6377a+58.7, ⁇ 0.0144a 2 +0.6377a+41.3)
- point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a 2 +0.968a+75.4, ⁇ 0.0224a 2 ⁇ 1.968a+24.6)
- point C ( ⁇ 0.2304a 2 ⁇ 0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a 2 ⁇ 0.5938a+67.1, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK′, K′B, and D′C (excluding point J, point B, point D′, and point C);
- coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:
- point J (0.0243a 2 ⁇ 1.4161a+49.725, ⁇ 0.0243a 2 +0.4161a+50.275, 0.0)
- point K′ (0.0341a 2 ⁇ 2.1977a+61.187, ⁇ 0.0236a 2 +0.34a+5.636, ⁇ 0.0105a 2 +0.8577a+33.177)
- point B (0.0, 0.0075a 2 ⁇ 1.5156a+58.199, ⁇ 0.0075a 2 +0.5156a+41.801) and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);
- coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:
- point J (0.0246a 2 ⁇ 1.4476a+50.184, ⁇ 0.0246a 2 +0.4476a+49.816, 0.0)
- point K′ (0.0196a 2 ⁇ 1.7863a+58.515, ⁇ 0.0079a 2 ⁇ 0.1136a+8.702, ⁇ 0.0117a 2 +0.8999a+32.783)
- point B (0.0, 0.009a 2 ⁇ 1.6045a+59.318, ⁇ 0.009a 2 +0.6045a+40.682) and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);
- coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:
- point J (0.0183a 2 ⁇ 1.1399a+46.493, ⁇ 0.0183a 2 +0.1399a+53.507, 0.0)
- point K′ ( ⁇ 0.0051a 2 +0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a 2 ⁇ 1.0929a+74.05)
- point A (0.0103a 2 ⁇ 1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, ⁇ 0.0103a 2 +0.9225a+31.207)
- point B (0.0, 0.0046a 2 ⁇ 1.41a+57.286, ⁇ 0.0046a 2 +0.41a+42.714)
- point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W); and
- coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:
- point J ( ⁇ 0.0134a 2 +1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a 2 ⁇ 2.0956a+92.87, 0.0)
- point K′ ( ⁇ 1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557)
- point A (0.0085a 2 ⁇ 1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, ⁇ 0.0085a 2 +0.8102a+32.9)
- point B (0.0, 0.0012a 2 ⁇ 1.1659a+52.95, ⁇ 0.0012a 2 +0.1659a+47.05) and point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W).
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure When the refrigerant according to the present disclosure satisfies the above requirements, it has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A. Additionally, the refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability and a WCFF lower flammability, and is classified as “Class 2L,” which is a lower flammable refrigerant according to the ASHRAE standard.
- the refrigerant C when the refrigerant C according to the present disclosure further contains R32 in addition to HFO-1132 (E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, the refrigerant may be a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
- point a (0.02a 2 ⁇ 2.46a+93.4, 0, ⁇ 0.02a 2 +2.46a+6.6)
- point b′ ( ⁇ 0.008a 2 ⁇ 1.38a+56, 0.018a 2 ⁇ 0.53a+26.3, ⁇ 0.01a 2 +1.91a+17.7)
- point c ( ⁇ 0.016a 2 +1.02a+77.6, 0.016a 2 ⁇ 1.02a+22.4, 0)
- point o (100.0-a, 0.0, 0.0) or on the straight lines oa, ab′, and b′c (excluding point o and point c);
- point a (0.0244a 2 ⁇ 2.5695a+94.056, 0, ⁇ 0.0244a 2 +2.5695a+5.944), point b′ (0.1161a 2 ⁇ 1.9959a+59.749, 0.014a 2 ⁇ 0.3399a+24.8, ⁇ 0.1301a 2 +2.3358a+15.451), point c ( ⁇ 0.0161a 2 +1.02a+77.6, 0.0161a 2 ⁇ 1.02a+22.4, 0), and point o (100.0-a, 0.0, 0.0), or on the straight lines oa, ab′, and b′c (excluding point o and point c); or
- point a (0.0161a 2 ⁇ 2.3535a+92.742, 0, ⁇ 0.0161a 2 +2.3535a+7.258), point b′ ( ⁇ 0.0435a 2 ⁇ 0.0435a+50.406, 0.0304a 2 +1.8991a ⁇ 0.0661, 0.0739a 2 ⁇ 1.8556a+49.6601), point c ( ⁇ 0.0161a 2 +0.9959a+77.851, 0.0161a 2 ⁇ 0.9959a+22.149, 0), and point o (100.0-a, 0.0, 0.0), or on the straight lines oa, ab′, and b′c (excluding point o and point c).
- point b in the ternary composition diagram is defined as a point where a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A and a COP ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A are both achieved
- point b′ is the intersection of straight line ab and an approximate line formed by connecting the points where the COP ratio relative to that of R410A is 95%.
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure meets the above requirements, the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A.
- the refrigerant C according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired.
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.
- the refrigerant C according to the present disclosure may comprise HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, 99.75 mass % or more, or 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.
- Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can be widely selected.
- the mixed refrigerant may contain one additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.
- refrigerant C is not limited to the Examples.
- the GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A was evaluated based on the values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report.
- IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
- compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 were determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.
- Tables 39 to 96 show the resulting values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant.
- the COP and refrigerating capacity are ratios relative to R410A.
- the coefficient of performance (COP) was determined by the following formula.
- HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass %, a straight line connecting a point (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0-a) is the base, and the point (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0) is on the left side, if 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0134a 2 ⁇ 1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, ⁇ 0.0134a 2 +0.9681a+31.4) and point B (0.0, 0.0144a 2 ⁇ 1.6377a+58.7, ⁇ 0.0144a 2
- coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0112a 2 ⁇ 1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, ⁇ 0.0112a 2 +0.9337a+31.516) and point B (0.0, 0.0075a 2 ⁇ 1.5156a+58.199, ⁇ 0.0075a 2 +0.5156a+41.801);
- coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0107a 2 ⁇ 1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, ⁇ 0.0107a 2 +0.9142a+31.695) and point B (0.0, 0.009a 2 ⁇ 1.6045a+59.318, ⁇ 0.009a 2 +0.6045a+40.682);
- coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0103a 2 ⁇ 1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, ⁇ 0.0103a 2 +0.9225a+31.207) and point B (0.0, 0.0046a 2 ⁇ 1.41a+57.286, ⁇ 0.0046a 2 +0.41a+42.714); and
- coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0085a 2 ⁇ 1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, ⁇ 0.0085a 2 +0.8102a+32.9) and point B (0.0, 0.0012a 2 ⁇ 1.1659a+52.95, ⁇ 0.0012a 2 +0.1659a+47.05).
- the COP ratio of 92.5% or more forms a curved line CD.
- point D′ (0, 75.4, 24.6), which is the intersection of the approximate line and a point where the concentration of HFO-1132(E) is 0.0 mass % was defined as a line segment D′C.
- point D′(0, 83.4, 9.5) was similarly obtained from an approximate curve formed by connecting point C (18.4, 74.5, 0) and points (13.9, 76.5, 2.5) (8.7, 79.2, 5) where the COP ratio is 92.5%, and a straight line that connects point C and point D′ was defined as the straight line D′C.
- composition of each mixture was defined as WCF.
- a leak simulation was performed using NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34 ⁇ 2013.
- the most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.
- the burning velocity was measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34 ⁇ 2013. Both WCF and WCFF having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be classified as “Class 2L (lower flammability).”
- a burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner.
- the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge.
- the burning velocity was measured by the closed method.
- the initial temperature was ambient temperature.
- Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell.
- the duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J.
- the spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs.
- a cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source.
- Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.
- coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.02a 2 ⁇ 1.6013a+71.105, ⁇ 0.02a 2 +0.6013a+28.895, 0.0) and point I (0.02a 2 ⁇ 1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, ⁇ 0.02a 2 +0.6013a+28.895); if 18.2 ⁇ a ⁇ 26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.0135a 2 ⁇ 1.4068a+69.727, ⁇ 0.0135a 2 +0.4068a+30.273, 0.0) and point I (0.0135a 2 ⁇ 1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, ⁇ 0.0135a 2 +0.4068a+30.273); if 26.7 ⁇ a ⁇ 36.7, coordinates (x,y,z)
- FIGS. 3 to 13 show compositions whose R32 content a (mass %) is 0 mass %, 7.1 mass %, 11.1 mass %, 14.5 mass %, 18.2 mass %, 21.9 mass %, 26.7 mass %, 29.3 mass %, 36.7 mass %, 44.1 mass %, and 47.8 mass %, respectively.
- Points A, B, C, and D′ were obtained in the following manner according to approximate calculation.
- Point A is a point where the content of HFO-1123 is 0 mass %, and a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% relative to that of R410A is achieved. Three points corresponding to point A were obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 109).
- Point B is a point where the content of HFO-1132(E) is 0 mass %, and a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% relative to that of R410A is achieved.
- Point D′ is a point where the content of HFO-1132(E) is 0 mass %, and a COP ratio of 95.5% relative to that of R410A is achieved.
- Point C is a point where the content of R1234yf is 0 mass %, and a COP ratio of 95.5% relative to that of R410A is achieved.
- the refrigerant D is a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).
- the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant; i.e., a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of R410A, a sufficiently low GWP, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.
- the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.0236y 2 ⁇ 1.7616y+72.0, y, ⁇ 0.0236y 2 +0.7616y+28.0);
- the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y 2 ⁇ 1.9003y+58.3, y, ⁇ 0.012y 2 +0.9003y+41.7);
- the line segments JN and EI are straight lines.
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.
- the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4), point M′ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);
- the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y 2 ⁇ 3.34y+52.6, y, ⁇ 0.132y 2 +2.34y+47.4);
- the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates (0.0596y 2 ⁇ 2.2541y+48.98, y, ⁇ 0.0596y 2 +1.2541y+51.02);
- the line segment VG is represented by coordinates (0.0123y 2 ⁇ 1.8033y+39.6, y, ⁇ 0.0123y 2 +0.8033y+60.4);
- the line segments NV and GM are straight lines.
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 70% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.
- the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- the line segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y 2 ⁇ 0.6701y+37.512, y, ⁇ 0.0072y 2 ⁇ 0.3299y+62.488);
- the line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y 2 ⁇ 1.7403y+56.635, y, ⁇ 0.0083y 2 +0.7403y+43.365);
- the line segment UO is a straight line.
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 250 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.
- the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4), point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7), point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8), point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6), or on these line segments;
- the line segment QR is represented by coordinates (0.0099y 2 ⁇ 1.975y+84.765, y, ⁇ 0.0099y 2 +0.975y+15.235);
- the line segment RT is represented by coordinates (0.0082y 2 ⁇ 1.8683y+83.126, y, ⁇ 0.0082y 2 +0.8683y+16.874);
- the line segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y 2 ⁇ 0.8842y+61.488, y, ⁇ 0.0049y 2 ⁇ 0.1158y+38.512);
- the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates (0.0095y 2 ⁇ 1.2222y+67.676, y, ⁇ 0.0095y 2 +0.2222y+32.324);
- the line segment TL is a straight line.
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.
- the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8), point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8), or on these line segments;
- the line segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y 2 ⁇ 0.7103y+40.1, y, ⁇ 0.0064y 2 ⁇ 0.2897y+59.9);
- the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (0.0082y 2 ⁇ 1.8683y+83.126, y, ⁇ 0.0082y 2 +0.8683y+16.874);
- the line segment TP is a straight line.
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.
- the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- point a (71.1, 0.0, 28.9), point c (36.5, 18.2, 45.3), point f (47.6, 18.3, 34.1), and point d (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), or on these line segments;
- the line segment ac is represented by coordinates (0.0181y 2 ⁇ 2.2288y+71.096, y, ⁇ 0.0181y 2 +1.2288y+28.904);
- the line segment fd is represented by coordinates (0.02y 2 ⁇ 1.7y+72, y, ⁇ 0.02y 2 +0.7y+28);
- the line segments cf and da are straight lines.
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.
- the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- point a (71.1, 0.0, 28.9), point b (42.6, 14.5, 42.9), point e (51.4, 14.6, 34.0), and point d (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), or on these line segments;
- the line segment ab is represented by coordinates (0.0181y 2 ⁇ 2.2288y+71.096, y, ⁇ 0.0181y 2 +1.2288y+28.904);
- the line segment ed is represented by coordinates (0.02y 2 ⁇ 1.7y+72, y, ⁇ 0.02y 2 +0.7y+28);
- the line segments be and da are straight lines.
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 100 or less, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.
- the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- the line segment gi is represented by coordinates (0.02y 2 ⁇ 2.4583y+93.396, y, ⁇ 0.02y 2 +1.4583y+6.604);
- the line segments ij and jg are straight lines.
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to R410A and a GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or no changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and also has excellent stability.
- the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- the line segment gh is represented by coordinates (0.02y 2 ⁇ 2.4583y+93.396, y, ⁇ 0.02y 2 +1.4583y+6.604);
- the line segments hk and kg are straight lines.
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to R410A and a GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or no changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and also has excellent stability.
- the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired.
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant.
- additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be selected from a wide range of refrigerants.
- the mixed refrigerant may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.
- refrigerant D is not limited to the Examples.
- composition of each mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf was defined as WCF.
- a leak simulation was performed using the NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34 ⁇ 2013.
- the most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.
- a burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner.
- the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge.
- the burning velocity was measured by the closed method.
- the initial temperature was ambient temperature.
- Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell.
- the duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J.
- the spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs.
- a cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source.
- Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC. Tables 113 to 115 show the results.
- Example 21 Example Item Unit M 18 W 20 N 22 WCF HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 52.6 39.2 32.4 29.3 27.7 24.6 R32 Mass % 0.0 5.0 10.0 14.5 18.2 27.6 R1234yf Mass % 47.4 55.8 57.6 56.2 54.1 47.8 Leak condition that results Storage, Storage, Storage, Storage, Storage, in WCFF Shipping, ⁇ 40° Shipping, ⁇ 40° Shipping, ⁇ 40° Shipping, ⁇ 40° Shipping, ⁇ 40° Shipping, ⁇ 40° C., 0% release, C., 0% release, C., 0% release, C., 0% release, C., 0% release, C., 0% release, on the gas on the gas on the gas on the gas on the gas on the gas on the gas on the gas phase side phase side phase side phase side WCF HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 72.0 57.8 48.7 43.6 40.6 34.9 R32 Mass %
- Example 25 Item Unit O 24 P WCF HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 22.6 21.2 20.5 HFO-1123 Mass % 36.8 44.2 51.7 R1234yf Mass % 40.6 34.6 27.8 Leak condition that results Storage, Storage, Storage, in WCFF Shipping, ⁇ 40° C., Shipping, ⁇ 40° C., Shipping, ⁇ 40° C., 0% release, 0% release, 0% release, on the gas on the gas on the gas phase side phase side phase side WCFF HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 31.4 29.2 27.1 HFO-1123 Mass % 45.7 51.1 56.4 R1234yf Mass % 23.0 19.7 16.5 Burning Velocity cm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less (WCF) Burning Velocity cm/s 10 10 10 (WCFF)
- Tables 116 to 144 show these values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant.
- Example 1 A B A′ B′ A′′ B′′ HFO-1132(E) Mass % 81.6 0.0 63.1 0.0 48.2 0.0 R32 Mass % R410A 18.4 18.1 36.9 36.7 51.8 51.5 R1234yf Mass % 0.0 81.9 0.0 63.3 0.0 48.5 GWP — 2088 125 125 250 250 350 350 COP Ratio % (relative 100 98.7 103.6 98.7 102.3 99.2 102.2 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 100 105.3 62.5 109.9 77.5 112.1 87.3 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
- Example 21 Example Item Unit M 18 W 20 N 22 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 52.6 39.2 32.4 29.3 27.7 24.5 R32 Mass % 0.0 5.0 10.0 14.5 18.2 27.6 R1234yf Mass % 47.4 55.8 57.6 56.2 54.1 47.9 GWP — 2 36 70 100 125 188 COP Ratio % (relative 100.5 100.9 100.9 100.8 100.7 100.4 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 77.1 74.8 75.6 77.8 80.0 85.5 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
- Example Example 23 Example 25 26 Item Unit O 24 P S HFO-1132(E) Mass % 22.6 21.2 20.5 21.9 R32 Mass % 36.8 44.2 51.7 39.7 R1234yf Mass % 40.6 34.6 27.8 38.4 GWP 250 300 350 270 COP Ratio % (relative 100.4 100.5 100.6 100.4 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 91.0 95.0 99.1 92.5 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
- Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 15.0 18.0 21.0 42.0 39.0 34.0 37.0 30.0 R32 Mass % 36.0 36.0 25.0 28.0 31.0 31.0 34.0 R1234yf Mass % 49.0 46.0 43.0 33.0 33.0 35.0 32.0 36.0 GWP — 245 245 245 170 191 211 211 231 COP Ratio % (relative 101.0 100.7 100.5 99.5 99.5 99.8 99.6 99.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 86.2 87.9 89.6 92.7 93.4 93.0 94.5 93.0 Capacity Ratio to R410A)
- the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.0236y 2 ⁇ 1.7616y+72.0, y, ⁇ 0.0236y 2 +0.7616y+28.0),
- the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y 2 ⁇ 1.9003y+58.3, y, ⁇ 0.012y 2 +0.9003y+41.7), and
- the refrigerant D has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.
- point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4), point M′ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM),
- the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y 2 ⁇ 3.34y+52.6, y, ⁇ 0.132y 2 +2.34y+47.4)
- the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates (0.0596y 2 ⁇ 2.2541y+48.98, y, ⁇ 0.0596y 2 +1.2541y+51.02),
- the line segment VG is represented by coordinates (0.0123y 2 ⁇ 1.8033y+39.6, y, ⁇ 0.0123y 2 +0.8033y+60.4), and
- the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 70% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.
- the line segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y 2 ⁇ 0.6701y+37.512, y, ⁇ 0.0072y 2 ⁇ 0.3299y+62.488),
- the line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y 2 ⁇ 1.7403y+56.635, y, ⁇ 0.0083y 2 +0.7403y+43.365), and
- the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 250 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.
- point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4), point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7), point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8), point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6), or on these line segments,
- the line segment QR is represented by coordinates (0.0099y 2 ⁇ 1.975y+84.765, y, ⁇ 0.0099y 2 +0.975y+15.235),
- the line segment RT is represented by coordinates (0.0082y 2 ⁇ 1.8683y+83.126, y, ⁇ 0.0082y 2 +0.8683y+16.874),
- the line segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y 2 ⁇ 0.8842y+61.488, y, ⁇ 0.0049y 2 ⁇ 0.1158y+38.512),
- the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates (0.0095y 2 ⁇ 1.2222y+67.676, y, ⁇ 0.0095y 2 +0.2222y+32.324), and
- the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.
- the line segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y 2 ⁇ 0.7103y+40.1, y, ⁇ 0.0064y 2 ⁇ 0.2897y+59.9),
- the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (0.0082y 2 ⁇ 1.8683y+83.126, y, ⁇ 0.0082y 2 +0.8683y+16.874), and
- the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.
- the refrigerant E is a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32).
- the refrigerant E according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e., a coefficient of performance equivalent to that of R410A and a sufficiently low GWP.
- the refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GI);
- the line segment IK is represented by coordinates (0.025z 2 ⁇ 1.7429 z+ 72.00, ⁇ 0.025z 2 +0.7429z+28.0, z),
- the line segment HR is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 0.3123z 2 +4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z 2 ⁇ 5.234 z+ 88.94, z),
- the line segment RG is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 0.0491z 2 ⁇ 1.1544 z+ 38.5, 0.0491z 2 +0.1544z+61.5, z), and
- the line segments KB′ and GI are straight lines.
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has WCF lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
- the refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GI);
- the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.025z 2 ⁇ 1.7429 z+ 72.0, ⁇ 0.025z 2 +0.7429z+28.0, z),
- the line segment RG is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 0.0491z 2 ⁇ 1.1544 z+ 38.5, 0.0491z 2 +0.1544z+61.5, z), and
- the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has WCF lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
- the refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GM);
- the line segment MP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z 2 ⁇ 0.984z+47.1, ⁇ 0.0083z 2 ⁇ 0.016z+52.9, z),
- the line segment HR is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 0.3123z 2 +4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z 2 ⁇ 5.234z+88.94, z),
- the line segment RG is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 0.0491z 2 ⁇ 1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z 2 +0.1544z+61.5, z), and
- the line segments PB′ and GM are straight lines.
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
- the refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);
- the line segment MN is represented by coordinates (0.0083z 2 ⁇ 0.984z+47.1, ⁇ 0.0083z 2 ⁇ 0.016z+52.9, z),
- the line segment RG is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 0.0491z 2 ⁇ 1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z 2 +0.1544z+61.5, z),
- the line segments NR and GM are straight lines.
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.
- the refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2), or on these line segments;
- the line segment ST is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 0.0982z 2 +0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z 2 ⁇ 1.9622z+59.069, z),
- the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z 2 ⁇ 0.984z+47.1, ⁇ 0.0083z 2 ⁇ 0.016z+52.9, z), and
- the line segment PS is a straight line.
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 94.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
- the refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0), point B′′ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0), point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment B′′D);
- the line segment DU is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 3.4962z 2 +210.71z ⁇ 3146.1, 3.4962z 2 ⁇ 211.71z+3246.1, z),
- the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates (0.0135z 2 ⁇ 0.9181z+44.133, ⁇ 0.0135z 2 ⁇ 0.0819z+55.867, z), and
- the line segments QB′′ and B′′D are straight lines.
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 96% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 250 or less.
- the refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point c′ (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), point d′ (52.2, 38.3, 9.5), point e′ (41.8, 39.8, 18.4), and point a′ (81.6, 0.0, 18.4), or on the line segments c′d′, d′e′, and e′a′ (excluding the points c′ and a′);
- the line segment c′d′ is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 0.0297z 2 ⁇ 0.1915z+56.7, 0.0297z 2 +1.1915z+43.3, z),
- the line segment d′e′ is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 0.0535z 2 +0.3229z+53.957, 0.0535z 2 +0.6771z+46.043, z), and
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
- the refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point c (77.7, 22.3, 0.0), point d (76.3, 14.2, 9.5), point e (72.2, 9.4, 18.4), and point a′ (81.6, 0.0, 18.4), or on the line segments cd, de, and ea′ (excluding the points c and a′);
- the line segment cde is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 0.017z 2 +0.0148z+77.684, 0.017z 2 +0.9852z+22.316, z), and
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
- the refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point c′ (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), point d′ (52.2, 38.3, 9.5), and point a (90.5, 0.0, 9.5), or on the line segments c′d′ and d′a (excluding the points c′ and a);
- the line segment c′d′ is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 0.0297z 2 ⁇ 0.1915 z+ 56.7, 0.0297z 2 +1.1915z+43.3, z), and
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.
- the refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), point c (77.7, 22.3, 0.0), point d (76.3, 14.2, 9.5), and point a (90.5, 0.0, 9.5), or on the line segments cd and da (excluding the points c and a);
- the line segment cd is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 0.017z 2 +0.0148z+77.684, 0.017z 2 +0.9852z+22.316, z), and
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.
- the refrigerant E according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired.
- the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and even more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.
- additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be selected from a wide range of refrigerants.
- the mixed refrigerant may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.
- refrigerant E is not limited to the Examples.
- composition of each mixture was defined as WCF.
- a leak simulation was performed using National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Data Base Refleak Version 4.0 under the conditions for equipment, storage, shipping, leak, and recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013.
- the most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.
- the burning velocity was measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013.
- the burning velocities of the WCF composition and the WCFF composition are 10 cm/s or less, the flammability of such a refrigerant is classified as Class 2L (lower flammability) in the ASHRAE flammability classification.
- a burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner.
- the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge.
- the burning velocity was measured by the closed method.
- the initial temperature was ambient temperature.
- Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell.
- the duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J.
- the spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs.
- a cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source.
- Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.
- Table 1 indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below line segments IK and KL that connect the following 3 points:
- the line segment IK is represented by coordinates (0.025z 2 ⁇ 1.7429 z+ 72.00, ⁇ 0.025z 2 +0.7429z+28.00, z)
- the line segment KL is represented by coordinates (0.0098z 2 ⁇ 1.238 z+ 67.852, ⁇ 0.0098z 2 +0.238z+32.148, z)
- Table 146 indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below line segments MP and PQ that connect the following 3 points:
- the line segment MP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z 2 ⁇ 0.984 z+ 47.1, ⁇ 0.0083z 2 ⁇ 0.016 z+ 52.9, z)
- the line segment PQ is represented by coordinates (0.0135z 2 ⁇ 0.9181 z+ 44.133, ⁇ 0.0135z 2 ⁇ 0.0819 z+ 55.867, z).
- an approximate curve was obtained from three points, i.e., points M, N, and P, by using the least-square method to determine coordinates.
- an approximate curve was obtained from three points, i.e., points P, U, and Q, by using the least-square method to determine coordinates.
- the GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A was evaluated based on the values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report.
- IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
- compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 were determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.
- the COP ratio and the refrigerating capacity (which may be referred to as “cooling capacity” or “capacity”) ratio relative to those of R410 of the mixed refrigerants were determined.
- the conditions for calculation were as described below.
- Tables 147 to 166 show these values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant.
- Example 1 A B A′ B′ A′′ B′′ HFO-1132(E) mass % R410A 90.5 0.0 81.6 0.0 63.0 0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 0.0 90.5 0.0 81.6 0.0 63.0 R32 mass % 9.5 9.5 18.4 18.4 37.0 37.0 GWP — 2088 65 65 125 125 250 250 COP ratio % (relative 100 99.1 92.0 98.7 93.4 98.7 96.1 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 100 102.2 111.6 105.3 113.7 110.0 115.4 capacity ratio to R410A)
- Example 11 Item Unit O C
- Example 10 U 2 D HFO-1132(E) mass % 100.0 50.0 41.1 28.7 15.2 0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 0.0 31.6 34.6 41.2 52.7 67.0
- Refrigerating % (relative 98.3 109.9 111.7 113.5 114.8 115.4 capacity ratio to R410A)
- Example Example 16 Item Unit G 5 R 7 H HFO-1132(E) mass % 38.5 31.5 23.1 16.9 0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 61.5 63.5 67.4 71.1 84.2 R32 mass % 0.0 5.0 9.5 12.0 15.8 GWP — 1 35 65 82 107 COP ratio % (relative 93.0 93.0 93.0 93.0 93.0 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 107.0 109.1 110.9 111.9 113.2 capacity ratio to R410A)
- the refrigerant has a GWP of 250 or less.
- the refrigerant has a GWP of 125 or less.
- the refrigerant has a GWP of 65 or less.
- the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 96% or more relative to that of R410A.
- the line segment CU is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 0.0538z 2 +0.7888z+53.701, 0.0538z 2 ⁇ 1.7888 z+ 46.299, z)
- the line segment UD is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 3.4962z 2 +210.71z ⁇ 3146.1, 3.4962z 2 ⁇ 211.71 z+ 3246.1, z).
- the points on the line segment CU are determined from three points, i.e., point C, Comparative Example 10, and point U, by using the least-square method.
- the points on the line segment UD are determined from three points, i.e., point U, Example 2, and point D, by using the least-square method.
- the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 94.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
- the line segment ET is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 0.0547z 2 ⁇ 0.5327z+53.4, 0.0547z 2 ⁇ 0.4673z+46.6, z)
- the line segment TF is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 0.0982z 2 +0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z 2 ⁇ 1.9622z+59.069, z).
- the points on the line segment ET are determined from three points, i.e., point E, Example 2, and point T, by using the least-square method.
- the points on the line segment TF are determined from three points, i.e., points T, S, and F, by using the least-square method.
- the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A.
- the line segment GR is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 0.0491z 2 ⁇ 1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z 2 +0.1544z+61.5, z), and the line segment RH is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 0.3123z 2 +4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z 2 ⁇ 5.234z+88.94, z).
- the points on the line segment GR are determined from three points, i.e., point G, Example 5, and point R, by using the least-square method.
- the points on the line segment RH are determined from three points, i.e., point R, Example 7, and point H, by using the least-square method.
- a warm-water supply system 1 that is a warm-water generating apparatus according to a first embodiment includes a heat pump 2 , a warm-water storage unit 3 , a controller 50 that manages and controls the above-listed components, a remote controller 90 that displays information to a user and that receives an operation by the user, and so forth.
- the heat pump 2 is a unit that functions as a heat source device for heating water, and includes a refrigerant circuit 20 in which a refrigerant circulates, a fan 24 F, various sensors, and so forth.
- the refrigerant circuit 20 is filled with a refrigerant for performing a vapor compression refrigeration cycle.
- the refrigerant is a mixed refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, and can use any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E.
- the refrigerant circuit 20 is constituted of a compressor 21 , a use-side water heat exchanger 22 , an electric expansion valve 23 , a heat-source-side air heat exchanger 24 , a refrigerant pipe 25 , and so forth.
- the compressor 21 is an inverter output-variable electric compressor.
- the water heat exchanger 22 functions as a use-side heat exchanger that uses heat of the refrigerant, and includes a refrigerant pipe 22 r and a water pipe 32 w .
- the water heat exchanger 22 causes a high-temperature high-pressure gas refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant pipe 22 r after discharged by the compressor 21 of the heat pump 2 and circulating water flowing from the warm-water storage unit 3 (described later) and then flowing through the water pipe 32 w .
- the electric expansion valve 23 expands a low-temperature high-pressure refrigerant which has exited from the compressor 21 and been cooled through the heat exchange with the water.
- the air heat exchanger 24 functions as a heat-source-side heat exchanger that takes heat from the outside air, and causes a low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant in a two-phase state expanded at the electric expansion valve 23 and the outside air to exchange heat with each other.
- the refrigerant which has absorbed heat from the outside air is evaporated and turns into a low-pressure gas refrigerant, and is sucked by the compressor 21 .
- the refrigerant pipe 25 connects respective devices in the order of the discharge port of the compressor 21 , the refrigerant pipe 22 r in the water heat exchanger 22 , the electric expansion valve 23 , the air heat exchanger 24 , and the suction port of the compressor 21 .
- the various sensors include, for example, sensors that detect the temperature and pressure relating to the refrigerant.
- FIG. 17 illustrates, among the sensors, a heat-exchanger inlet water temperature sensor 31 T and a heat-exchanger outlet water temperature sensor 32 T.
- the heat-exchanger inlet water temperature sensor 31 T detects the temperature of water before entering the water heat exchanger 22 . That is, the heat-exchanger inlet water temperature sensor 31 T detects the temperature of water before passing through the water heat exchanger 22 .
- the heat-exchanger outlet water temperature sensor 32 T detects the temperature of water after passing through the water heat exchanger 22 .
- the warm-water storage unit 3 is a unit that sends water supplied from the outside, such as city water (tap water) to the heat pump 2 so that the heat pump 2 heats the water, and stores the water (heated water) returned from the heat pump 2 . Moreover, the warm-water storage unit 3 has a function of sending the heated water of which the temperature has been adjusted by a combustion heating device 4 and a mixing valve 77 to a warm-water supply section 82 so that heated water at a temperature set by the user is supplied.
- water supplied from the outside such as city water (tap water)
- the warm-water storage unit 3 has a function of sending the heated water of which the temperature has been adjusted by a combustion heating device 4 and a mixing valve 77 to a warm-water supply section 82 so that heated water at a temperature set by the user is supplied.
- the warm-water storage unit 3 includes a water intake section 81 , the warm-water supply section 82 , a warm-water supply tank 35 , a circulating water pipe 30 , a water-intake warm-water supply pipe 70 , the combustion heating device 4 , and so forth.
- the water intake section 81 has a connecting port to which a city-water (tap-water) supply pipe 89 a is connected.
- the warm-water supply section 82 has a connecting port to which an in-building pipe 99 a for water supply and warm-water supply extending from a faucet 99 or the like in a building of an installation target is connected.
- the warm-water storage tank 35 is a tank in which water heated by the heat pump 2 (heated water) is stored in advance before the user turns the faucet 99 for use.
- the warm-water storage tank 35 is usually filled with water.
- the warm-water storage tank 35 is provided with a tank-temperature-distribution detection sensor to cause the controller 50 to recognize the amount of water at a predetermined temperature or higher, in this case, a high temperature of 70° C. or higher (hereinafter, referred to as high-temperature water).
- the tank-temperature-distribution detection sensor is constituted of six sensors of a first sensor T 1 , a second sensor T 2 , a third sensor T 3 , a fourth sensor T 4 , a fifth sensor T 5 , and a sixth sensor T 6 in that order from a lower portion toward an upper portion of the warm-water storage tank 35 .
- the controller 50 drives the heat pump 2 to perform a boiling operation based on water temperatures at respective height positions in the warm-water storage tank 35 detected by the tank-temperature-distribution detection sensors T 1 to T 6 and setting with the remote controller 90 .
- the boiling operation is an operation to increase the heat quantity of water until the temperature of water in the warm-water storage tank 35 reaches a target temperature.
- the target temperature in the boiling operation that is, a target warm-water storage temperature of the water in the warm-water storage tank 35 is, for example, set in advance in a manufacturing plant of the warm-water supply system 1 .
- the target warm-water storage temperature is 75° C.
- the residual warm water amount is 0. If the temperature detection value of the sixth sensor T 6 is 70° C. or higher, the residual warm water amount is 1. Furthermore, if the temperature detection value of the fifth sensor T 5 is also 70° C. or higher, the residual warm water amount is 2. Likewise, the levels of the residual warm water amount includes 3, 4, 5, and 6. The residual warm water amount is 6 at maximum if the temperature detection value of the first sensor T 1 is also 70° C. or higher, the residual warm water amount is 6 at maximum.
- the circulating water pipe 30 is a circuit for transferring heat obtained by the heat pump 2 to the water in the warm-water storage tank 35 , and includes an outgoing pipe 31 , the water pipe 32 w in the water heat exchanger 22 , a return pipe 33 , and a circulation pump 34 .
- the outgoing pipe 31 connects a portion near the lower end of the warm-water storage tank 35 and the upstream-side end of the water pipe 32 w in the water heat exchanger 22 .
- the return pipe 33 connects the downstream-side end of the water pipe 32 w in the water heat exchanger 22 and a portion near the upper end of the warm-water storage tank 35 .
- the circulation pump 34 is provided midway in the outgoing pipe 31 .
- the circulation pump 34 is an electric pump of which the output is adjustable, and circulates water between the warm-water storage tank 35 and the water heat exchanger 22 .
- water at low temperature present in a lower portion of the water in the warm-water storage tank 35 flows out to the outgoing pipe 31 , increases in temperature by passing through the water pipe 32 w in the water heat exchanger 22 , and returns to the portion near the upper end of the warm-water storage tank 35 via the return pipe 33 . Accordingly, the boundary between high-temperature water and water at a lower temperature in the warm-water storage tank 35 moves from the upper side toward the lower side, and hence the amount of the high-temperature water in the warm-water storage tank 35 increases.
- the water-intake warm-water supply pipe 70 is a circuit for using the high-temperature water stored in the warm-water storage tank 35 while receiving supply with water from external city water or the like, and includes a water intake pipe 71 , a warm-water supply pipe 73 , a bypass pipe 74 , and the mixing valve 77 .
- the water intake pipe 71 receives supply with water from the external city water or the like, supplies normal-temperature water to a portion near the lower end of the warm-water storage tank 35 .
- the water intake pipe 71 is provided with a water-intake temperature sensor 71 T for detecting the temperature of the water supplied by the city water.
- the warm-water supply pipe 73 guides high-temperature water which is included in the water stored in the warm-water storage tank 35 and which is present near the upper end, from the warm-water supply section 82 to an in-building pipe 99 a through a portion to be used by a user, for example, the faucet 99 in the building.
- the combustion heating device 4 is disposed midway in the warm-water supply pipe 73 .
- the combustion heating device 4 is disposed between the warm-water storage tank 35 and the mixing valve 77 , and includes a combustion burner 41 that burns a fuel gas.
- the combustion burner 41 is a gas burner of which the heating capacity is adjustable, and heats water flowing through the warm-water supply pipe 73 while adjusting the heating quantity in response to an instruction of the controller 50 .
- a before-mixing warm-water temperature sensor 4 T for detecting the temperature of the passing water is provided between the combustion heating device 4 and the mixing valve 77 in the warm-water supply pipe 73 .
- the bypass pipe 74 is a pipe for mixing normal-temperature water flowing through the water intake pipe 71 with water (warm water) flowing through the warm-water supply pipe 73 .
- the bypass pipe 74 extends from the water intake pipe 71 to the warm-water supply pipe 73 and is connected to the warm-water supply pipe 73 via the mixing valve 77 .
- the mixing valve 77 is an adjustment valve that receives an instruction from the controller 50 and adjusts the mixing ratio of the high-temperature water (warm water) flowing through the warm-water supply pipe 73 and the normal-temperature water flowing through the bypass pipe 74 .
- the controller 50 is installed in the warm-water storage unit 3 , is connected to actuators, such as the compressor 21 , the electric expansion valve 23 , the fan 24 F, the mixing valve 77 , the combustion burner 41 , and the circulation pump 34 , and sends operation instructions to the actuators. Moreover, the controller 50 is connected to sensors, such as the heat-exchanger inlet water temperature sensor 31 T, the heat-exchanger outlet water temperature sensor 32 T, the tank-temperature-distribution detection sensors T 1 to T 6 , the water-intake temperature sensor 71 T, and the before-mixing warm-water temperature sensor 4 T, and acquires detection results from the sensors. Furthermore, the remote controller 90 is connected to the controller 50 . The remote controller 90 receives a setting input from the user and provides information to the user.
- the remote controller 90 is provided with a warm-water temperature setting section 91 for setting the temperature of required warm water (water), and a display section 92 that displays the set warm-water temperature and the amount of residual warm water.
- the water heat exchanger 22 heats water using one of the above-described refrigerants A to E, efficiency is high.
- the water to be supplied is hard water, a scale may be disadvantageously generated.
- the water to be supplied is soft water, it is advantageous to employ the warm-water supply system 1 according to the present embodiment.
- a heat pump 2 a includes an auxiliary circulating water pipe 60 that is not included in the heat pump 2 of the first embodiment.
- the auxiliary circulating water pipe 60 is provided with an auxiliary circulation pump 64 .
- the water in the auxiliary circulating water pipe 60 takes heat from the refrigerant in the water heat exchanger 22 , and radiates heat to the water flowing through the main circulating water pipe 30 in the auxiliary water heat exchanger 62 .
- the main water heat exchanger 22 is a heat exchanger that performs heat exchange between a refrigerant and water.
- the auxiliary water heat exchanger 62 is a heat exchanger that performs heat exchange between water and water.
- the high-temperature gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21 of the heat pump 2 a heats, in the auxiliary water heat exchanger 62 , the water flowing through the auxiliary circulating water pipe 60 ; and the heated water heats, in the auxiliary water heat exchanger 62 , the water flowing through the main circulating water pipe 30 .
- the flow path of water constituted by the auxiliary circulating water pipe 60 is a closed loop, and a scale is almost not generated in the closed loop.
- a warm-water storage unit 3 b includes a heat exchange section 38 that is not included in the warm-water storage unit 3 of the first embodiment.
- the heat exchange section 38 is a portion of a circulating water pipe 30 b and is disposed in the warm-water storage tank 35 .
- water flows out from a lower portion of the warm-water storage tank 35 to the circulating water pipe 30 , and the heated water returns to a portion near the upper end of the warm-water storage tank 35 .
- the water in the warm-water storage tank 35 is boiled using the heated water flowing through the circulating water pipe 30 b constituting the closed loop.
- the water in the warm-water storage tank 35 takes heat from the warm water flowing through the heat exchange section 38 , and hence the temperature thereof increases.
- the flow path of water constituted by the circulating water pipe 30 b is a closed loop, and a scale is almost not generated in the closed loop.
- a heat pump 2 b of the warm-water supply system 1 b illustrated in FIG. 20 includes, in addition to the water heat exchanger 22 that functions as a use-side heat exchanger, a use-side water heat exchanger 22 a having a function similar to the water heat exchanger 22 .
- the water heat exchanger 22 a is disposed on the upstream side of the flow of the refrigerant of the water heat exchanger 22 , and heats the water flowing through a water circulation flow path 190 .
- the water circulation flow path 190 is a closed loop flow path that connects a heat exchanger 192 disposed under a floor for floor heating and the water heat exchanger 22 a of the heat pump 2 b .
- the water circulation flow path 190 is provided with a pump 194 .
- the water which has taken heat from and been heated by the high-temperature mixed refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21 in the water heat exchanger 22 a is sent to the heat exchanger 192 under the floor by driving of the pump 194 .
- the water which has radiated heat in the heat exchanger 192 and performed floor heating passes through the water circulation flow path 190 and flows into the water heat exchanger 22 a again.
- the heat pump 2 b contributes to warm-water supply by heating the water in the warm-water storage tank 35 , and also serves as a heat source of floor heating.
- FIGS. 21 to 23 illustrate a configuration of a warm-water circulation heating system that is a warm-water generating apparatus according to a second embodiment.
- the warm-water circulation heating system performs heating by circulating warm water in a building and has a warm-water supply function.
- the warm-water circulation heating system includes a tank 240 that stores warm water, in-room radiators 261 a and 262 a , in-toilet radiators 269 b , 269 c , and 269 e , an indoor heating circulation pump 251 , a vapor compression heat pump 210 for heating warm water, a warm-water heating circulation pump 225 , a warm-water supply heat exchanger 241 a , a heated-water spray device 275 , and a control unit 220 .
- the in-room radiators 261 a and 262 a are disposed in rooms 261 and 262 in the building, and radiate heat held by the warm water to the indoor airs in the rooms 261 and 262 .
- the in-toilet radiators 269 b , 269 c , and 269 e are disposed in a toilet 269 in the building, and radiate heat held by the warm water in the toilet 269 .
- the indoor heating circulation pump 251 causes the warm water to flow from the tank 240 to the in-room radiators 261 a and 262 a and the in-toilet radiators 269 b , 269 c , and 269 e , and causes the warm water which has radiated heat in the in-room radiators 261 a and 262 a and the in-toilet radiators 269 b , 269 c , and 269 e to return to the tank 240 again.
- the warm water which has exited from the tank 240 flows through the in-room radiators 261 a and 262 a , then flows through the in-toilet radiators 269 b , 269 c , and 269 e , and returns to the tank 240 .
- the heat pump 210 includes a refrigerant circuit having a compressor 211 , a radiator 212 , an expansion valve 213 , and an evaporator 214 , takes heat from the outside air by the evaporator 214 , and radiates heat from the radiator 212 , thereby heating the warm water flowing from the tank 240 .
- the refrigerant circuit is filled with a refrigerant for performing a vapor compression refrigeration cycle.
- the refrigerant is a mixed refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, and can use any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E.
- the warm-water heating circulation pump 225 causes the warm water from the tank 240 to the radiator 212 of the heat pump 210 , and causes the warm water to return from the radiator 212 of the heat pump 210 to the tank 240 again.
- the warm-water supply heat exchanger 241 a is disposed in the tank 240 , causes the water taken in from a water supply source and the warm water in the tank 240 to exchange heat with each other to heat water, and supplies the heated water to a warm-water supply pipe 272 in the building.
- the water which is heated in the warm-water supply heat exchanger 241 a and which is supplied to the warm-water supply pipe 272 is hereinafter referred to as heated water. Note that the water which is taken in from the water supply source and supplied to the warm-water supply pipe 272 is not mixed with the warm water in the tank 240 .
- Reference sign 241 in FIG. 21 denotes a flow path of the water flowing from the water supply source to the warm-water supply pipe 272 .
- the heated-water spray device 275 is a device that sprays the heated water which is supplied from the warm-water supply heat exchanger 241 a to the warm-water supply pipe 272 , onto the outer surface of the evaporator 214 of the heat pump 210 .
- the warm water which is stored in the tank 240 and which circulates through the closed loop by the indoor heating circulation pump 251 and the warm-water heating circulation pump 225 uses normal water; however, may be a liquid and does not have to be water (H 2 O). If there is a liquid which can decrease the powers of the indoor heating circulation pump 251 and the warm-water heating circulation pump 225 and which can decrease the sizes of the pipes 252 , 231 , and so forth, serving as a circulation route to be smaller than that for water (H 2 O), the liquid is preferably used.
- actuation of the warm-water heating circulation pump 225 causes the warm water flowing from the tank 240 to the radiator 212 of the heat pump 210 to be heated using heat radiated from the radiator 212 by actuation of the heat pump 210 . Accordingly, the high-temperature warm water is returned from the heat pump 210 to the tank 240 .
- the warm water in the tank 240 is sent to the in-room radiators 261 a and 262 a in the rooms 261 and 262 and to the in-toilet radiators 269 b , 269 c , and 269 e in the toilet 269 by actuation of the indoor heating circulation pump 251 .
- the heat of the warm water shifts to the indoor airs in the rooms 261 and 262 and to the vicinity of the in-toilet radiators 269 b , 269 c , and 269 e , thereby heating the rooms 261 and 262 , and heating wash water in a toilet tank 269 a , a toilet seat 269 d , and the like, in the toilet 269 .
- the warm water of which the temperature has decreased to about 10° C. to 20° C. is returned to the tank 240 again.
- the warm water whose temperature has decreased turns into high-temperature water again by actuation of the heat pump 210 .
- a first loop for circulation through the tank 240 and the heat pump 210 connected by a pipe 231 and a second loop for circulation through the tank 240 , the in-room radiators 261 a and 262 a , and the in-toilet radiators 269 b , 269 c , and 269 e connected by a pipe 252 are formed.
- the warm water circulates through the loops.
- the heat collected from the outside by actuation of the heat pump 210 and the heat generated by actuation of the compressor 211 finally shift to the indoor airs in the rooms 261 and 262 and the respective sections of the toilet 269 via the warm water stored in the tank 240 .
- the warm-water supply heat exchanger 241 a is disposed in the tank 240 , the water taken in from the supply water source takes heat from the warm water in the tank 24 when passing through the warm-water supply heat exchanger 241 a and turns into the heated water, and the heated water flows to the warm-water supply pipe 272 in the building.
- the heated water flowing to the warm-water supply pipe 272 is to be used for a shower 273 and in a bathtub 274 .
- part of the heated water which has flowed to the warm-water supply pipe 272 is sprayed onto the outer surface of the evaporator 214 of the heat pump 210 by the heated-water spray device 275 .
- the spray is periodically performed under a predetermined condition that a frost is generated on the evaporator 214 of the heat pump 210 .
- an overall controller 229 controls devices belonging to the heat pump 210 and devices belonging to the tank 240 based on signals input from the outside.
- the overall controller 229 is accommodated in a casing together with three-way valves 221 and 222 and the warm-water heating circulation pump 225 to form one control unit 220 (see FIG. 21 ).
- the three-way valves 221 and 222 are provided to adjust from which portion in the height direction of the tank 240 the warm water is to be drawn and sent to the in-room radiators 261 a and 262 a , and to which portion in the height direction of the tank 240 the low-temperature warm water returned from the in-toilet radiators 269 b , 269 c , and 269 e is returned.
- the three-way valves 221 and 222 are actuated in response to instructions from the overall controller 229 .
- the overall controller 229 controls, in addition to the three-way valves 221 and 222 , a booster heater 242 , a heat-pump control unit 219 , the indoor heating circulation pump 251 , the warm-water heating circulation pump 225 , warm-water flow-rate adjustment valves 253 to 255 , a defrost valve 277 , and so forth.
- the overall controller 229 receives signals of measurement results from a heating warm-water outgoing temperature sensor 252 a , a heating warm-water return temperature sensor 252 b , temperature sensors 240 a to 240 e of the tank 240 , a water supply pipe temperature sensor 271 a , a warm-water supply pipe temperature sensor 272 a , and so forth; and receives information on the indoor temperature and the indoor set temperature from a remote controller/thermostat 291 disposed in the rooms 261 and 262 , and so forth.
- the radiator 212 of the heat pump 210 heats water using one of the above-described refrigerants A to E, efficiency is high. Moreover, the water to be heated by the radiator 212 of the heat pump 210 is stored in the tank 240 and circulates through the closed loop by the indoor heating circulation pump 251 and the warm-water heating circulation pump 225 . In other words, the water which is heated by the radiator 212 of the heat pump 210 is not mixed with the water which is taken in from the water supply source and supplied to the warm-water supply pipe 272 . Thus, an excessive scale is not generated by heating of water by the radiator 212 of the heat pump 210 .
- the warm-water heat exchanger 241 a disposed in the tank 240 heats the water taken in from the water supply source to generate heated water for warm-water supply; however, as illustrated in FIG. 25 , a water heat exchanger 112 may generate heated water.
- a water circulation flow path 110 and a pump 115 constituting a third loop are provided, warm water is taken out from an upper portion of the tank 240 , the warm water passes through the water heat exchanger 112 , and then the warm water from which heat is radiated is returned to a lower portion of the tank 240 .
- the water taken in from the water supply source is heated by heat radiated from the warm water flowing from the tank 240 , the water becomes heated water for warm-water supply, and the heated water flows to the warm-water supply pipe 272 .
- Reference sign 118 in FIG. 25 denotes a flow path of water flowing from the water supply source to the warm-water supply pipe 272 .
- the warm water is fed from the lower portion of the tank 240 to the radiator 212 of the heat pump 210 , and the warm water is returned from the radiator 212 of the heat pump 210 to the upper portion of the tank 240 again by the warm-water heating circulation pump 225 .
- the radiator 212 may be omitted, a refrigerant circulation flow path 217 that guides a high-temperature high-pressure mixed refrigerant discharged from the compressor 211 to the inside of the tank 240 may be provided, and the water in the tank 240 may be heated by a heat exchanger 216 disposed in the tank 240 .
- the heat exchanger 216 in the tank 240 is disposed near a warm-water supply heat exchanger 241 a .
- the high-temperature refrigerant which has flowed through the refrigerant circulation flow path 217 radiates heat to the water in the tank 240 in the heat exchanger 216 , is condensed and turns into a low-temperature high-pressure refrigerant in a liquid phase, and is returned to a unit of the heat pump 210 .
- the liquid refrigerant returned to the unit of the heat pump 210 is decompressed at the expansion valve 213 , flows into the evaporator 214 , and takes heat from the outside air to be evaporated.
- the mixed refrigerant is compressed in the compressor 211 again and turns into a high-temperature high-pressure mixed refrigerant.
- the water in the tank 240 heated by the heat exchanger 216 heats the water flowing through the warm-water supply heat exchanger 241 a that is adjacent to the heat exchanger 216 .
- the heat of the refrigerant is transferred to the warm-water supply heat exchanger 241 a also by radiation from the heat exchanger 216 .
- the water taken in from the water supply source and flowing through the warm-water supply heat exchanger 241 a takes heat from the heat exchanger 216 via the water in the tank 240 , takes heat from the heat exchanger 216 also by radiation, and hence the water becomes heated water.
- the water in the tank 240 is separated from the water flowing from the water supply source to the warm-water supply pipe 272 (water flowing through a flow path 241 ). Even when the heat exchanger 216 in the tank 240 that functions as the condenser of the mixed refrigerant rapidly heats the water, the amount of generation of a scale is less.
- FIG. 27 is a schematic configuration diagram of a warm-water supply system 310 serving as a warm-water generating apparatus according to a third embodiment.
- the warm-water supply system 310 is warm-water supply equipment used in a large-size facility, such as a hospital, a sport facility, or the like.
- the warm-water supply system 310 mainly includes a water receiving tank 320 , a heat source unit 330 , a warm-water storage tank 340 , a warm-water use section 350 , a control section 360 , a water supply line 312 , a warm-water exit line 314 , and a warm-water circulation path 316 .
- the water supply line 312 is a pipe that connects the water receiving tank 320 and the heat source unit 330 .
- the warm-water exit line 314 is a pipe that connects the heat source unit 330 and the warm-water storage tank 340 to each other.
- the warm-water circulation path 316 is a pipe that connects the warm-water storage tank 340 and the warm-water use section 350 to each other.
- arrows along the water supply line 312 , the warm-water exit line 314 , and the warm-water circulation path 316 represent directions in which water or warm water flows.
Abstract
A warm-water generating apparatus (1) uses, as a refrigerant, a mixed refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)). The warm-water generating apparatus (1) includes a compressor (21), a heat-source-side air heat exchanger (24), an expansion valve (23), and a use-side water heat exchanger (22). The water heat exchanger (22) causes the mixed refrigerant flowing therein and first water to exchange heat with each other to heat the first water.
Description
- The present disclosure relates to a warm-water generating apparatus.
- There has been widely used a warm-water generating apparatus that generates warm water by a boiler or an electric heater. In addition, for example, there is also a warm-water generating apparatus that employs a heat pump unit as a heat source as disclosed in PTL 1 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2003-083614).
- A conventional warm-water generating apparatus that employs a heat pump unit frequently uses carbon dioxide as a refrigerant in the heat pump unit. However, there is a demand for generating warm water more efficiently as compared to the conventional warm-water generating apparatus.
- A warm-water generating apparatus according to a first aspect uses, as a refrigerant, a mixed refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)). The warm-water generating apparatus includes a compressor, a heat-source-side first heat exchanger, an expansion mechanism, and a use-side second heat exchanger. The second heat exchanger causes the mixed refrigerant flowing therein and first water to exchange heat with each other to heat the first water.
- The warm-water generating apparatus uses, as the refrigerant, the above-described mixed refrigerant instead of carbon dioxide which has been frequently used. Accordingly, warm water can be efficiently generated.
- A warm-water generating apparatus according to a second aspect is the warm-water generating apparatus according to the first aspect, and further includes a tank and a circulation flow path. A circulation flow path allows the first water to circulate between the tank and the second heat exchanger.
- A warm-water generating apparatus according to a third aspect is the warm-water generating apparatus according to the first aspect, and further includes a first circulation flow path, a second circulation flow path, a third heat exchanger, and a tank. The first circulation flow path allows the first water heated by the second heat exchanger to circulate. The second circulation flow path is different from the first circulation flow path. The third heat exchanger causes the first water flowing through the first circulation flow path and second water flowing through the second circulation flow path to exchange heat with each other to heat the second water flowing through the second circulation flow path. The tank stores the second water heated by the third heat exchanger.
- A warm-water generating apparatus according to a fourth aspect is the warm-water generating apparatus according to the first aspect, and further includes a first circulation flow path and a tank. The first circulation flow path allows the first water heated by the second heat exchanger to circulate. A portion of the first circulation flow path is disposed in the tank and allows the first water flowing through the first circulation flow path and second water in the tank to exchange heat with each other to heat the second water in the tank.
- A warm-water generating apparatus according to a fifth aspect is the warm-water generating apparatus according to the first aspect, and further includes a tank, a first circulation flow path, a third heat exchanger, a second circulation flow path, and a third flow path. The first circulation flow path allows the first water to circulate between the second heat exchanger and the tank. The second circulation flow path allows the first water to circulate between the third heat exchanger and the tank. The third flow path is different from the first circulation flow path and the second circulation flow path. The third heat exchanger causes the first water flowing from the tank and third water flowing through the third flow path to exchange heat with each other to heat the third water flowing through the third flow path.
- A warm-water generating apparatus according to a sixth aspect is the warm-water generating apparatus according to the first aspect, and further includes a tank, a first circulation flow path, and a second flow path. The first circulation flow path allows the first water to circulate between the tank and the second heat exchanger. The second flow path is different from the first circulation flow path. A portion of the second flow path is disposed in the tank and allows the first water in the tank and second water flowing through the second flow path to exchange heat with each other to heat the second water flowing through the second flow path.
- A warm-water generating apparatus according to a seventh aspect is the warm-water generating apparatus according to the first aspect, and further includes a tank that stores the first water and a flow path through which second water flows. A portion of the flow path is disposed in the tank. The second heat exchanger heats, in the tank, the first water stored in the tank. The first water stored in the tank heats the second water flowing through the flow path.
- A warm-water generating apparatus according to an eighth aspect is the warm-water generating apparatus according to the first aspect, and further includes a tank and a flow path through which the first water flows from a water supply source to the tank. The second heat exchanger heats the first water flowing through the flow path.
- A warm-water generating apparatus according to a ninth aspect is the warm-water generating apparatus according to any one of the first aspect to the eighth aspect, and further includes a use-side fourth heat exchanger and a fourth circulation flow path. The fourth heat exchanger is a heat exchanger that is different from the second heat exchanger. In the fourth circulation flow path, fourth water for cooling or heating flows. The fourth heat exchanger causes the mixed refrigerant flowing therein and the fourth water flowing through the fourth circulation flow path to exchange heat with each other to cool or heat the fourth water.
- A warm-water generating apparatus according to a 10th aspect is the warm-water generating apparatus according to any of the 1st through 9th aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).
- In this warm-water generating apparatus, warm water can be efficiently generated when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to those of R410A is used.
- A warm-water generating apparatus according to a 11th aspect is the warm-water generating apparatus according to the 10th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:
- point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0),
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD, CO, and OA); - the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x2−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x2−0.3329x+19.6),
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x2−0.3966x+20.271), and
- the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.
- A warm-water generating apparatus according to a 12th aspect is the warm-water generating apparatus according to the 10th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments GI, IA, AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CG that connect the following 8 points:
- point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments IA, BD, and CG); - the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x2−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x2−0.3329x+19.6),
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x2−0.3966x+20.271), and
- the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.
- A warm-water generating apparatus according to a 13th aspect is the warm-water generating apparatus according to the 10th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:
- point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1),
point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD and CJ); - the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x2+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x2−13.112x+380.43),
- the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x2−29.955x+931.91, −0.2421x2+28.955x−831.91),
- the line segment KA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x2−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x2−0.3329x+19.6),
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x2−0.3966x+20.271), and
- the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.
- A warm-water generating apparatus according to a 14th aspect is the warm-water generating apparatus according to the 10th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:
- point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD and CJ); - the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x2+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x2−13.112x+380.43)
- the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x2−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x2−0.3329x+19.6),
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x2−0.3966x+20.271), and
- the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.
- A warm-water generating apparatus according to a 15th aspect is the warm-water generating apparatus according to the 10th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TP that connect the following 7 points:
- point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and
point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment BF); - the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x2+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x2−13.112x+380.43),
- the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x2−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x2−0.2499x+38.2),
- the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x2−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x2−0.2393x+36.475), and
- the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.
- A warm-water generating apparatus according to a 16th aspect is the warm-water generating apparatus according to the 10th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP that connect the following 4 points:
- point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and
point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9),
or on the above line segments; - the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x2+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x2−13.112x+380.43),
- the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x2−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x2−0.2393x+36.475), and
- the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.
- A warm-water generating apparatus according to a 17th aspect is the warm-water generating apparatus according to the 10th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TS that connect the following 6 points:
- point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1),
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and
point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
or on the above line segments, - the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x2−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x2−0.2499x+38.2),
- the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (x, −0.0017x2−0.7869x+70.888, −0.0017x2−0.2131x+29.112), and
- the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.
- A warm-water generating apparatus according to a 18th aspect is the warm-water generating apparatus according to any of the 1st through 9th aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and
- the refrigerant comprises 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.
- In this warm-water generating apparatus, warm water can be efficiently generated when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
- A warm-water generating apparatus according to a 19th aspect is the warm-water generating apparatus according to any of the 1st through 9th aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and
- the refrigerant comprises 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.
- In this warm-water generating apparatus, warm water can be efficiently generated when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
- A warm-water generating apparatus according to a 20th aspect is the warm-water generating apparatus according to any of the 1st through 9th aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32),
- wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
- if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD′, D′C, and CG that connect the following 6 points:
- point G (0.026a2−1.7478a+72.0, −0.026a2+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0),
point I (0.026a2−1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, −0.026a2+0.7478a+28.0),
point A (0.0134a2−1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, −0.0134a2+0.9681a+31.4),
point B (0.0, 0.0144a2−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a2+0.6377a+41.3),
point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a2+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a2−1.968a+24.6), and
point C (−0.2304a2−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a2−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),
or on the straight lines GI, AB, and D′C (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, point D′, and point C); - if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
- point G (0.02a2−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a2+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0),
point I (0.02a2−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a2+0.6013a+28.895),
point A (0.0112a2−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a2+0.9337a+31.516),
point B (0.0, 0.0075a2−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a2+0.5156a+41.801), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); - if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
- point G (0.0135a2−1.4068a+69.727, −0.0135a2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0),
point I (0.0135a2−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, −0.0135a2+0.4068a+30.273),
point A (0.0107a2−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a2+0.9142a+31.695),
point B (0.0, 0.009a2−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a2+0.6045a+40.682), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); - if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
- point G (0.0111a2−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0),
point I (0.0111a2−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a2+0.3152a+31.014),
point A (0.0103a2−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a2+0.9225a+31.207),
point B (0.0, 0.0046a2−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a2+0.41a+42.714), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); and - if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
- point G (0.0061a2−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a2−0.0082a+36.098, 0.0),
point I (0.0061a2−0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, −0.0061a2−0.0082a+36.098),
point A (0.0085a2−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a2+0.8102a+32.9),
point B (0.0, 0.0012a2−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a2+0.1659a+47.05), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W). - In this warm-water generating apparatus, warm water can be efficiently generated when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to those of R410A is used.
- A warm-water generating apparatus according to a 21st aspect is the warm-water generating apparatus according to any of the 1st through 9th aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32),
- wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
- if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BD′, D′C, and CJ that connect the following 5 points:
- point J (0.0049a2−0.9645a+47.1, −0.0049a2−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0),
point K′ (0.0514a2−2.4353a+61.7, −0.0323a2+0.4122a+5.9, −0.0191a2+1.0231a+32.4),
point B (0.0, 0.0144a2−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a2+0.6377a+41.3),
point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a2+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a2−1.968a+24.6), and
point C (−0.2304a2−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a2−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),
or on the straight lines JK′, K′B, and D′C (excluding point J, point B, point D′, and point C); - if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:
- point J (0.0243a2−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0),
point K′ (0.0341a2−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a2+0.34a+5.636, −0.0105a2+0.8577a+33.177),
point B (0.0, 0.0075a2−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a2+0.5156a+41.801), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W); - if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:
- point J (0.0246a2−1.4476a+50.184, −0.0246a2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0),
point K′ (0.0196a2−1.7863a+58.515, −0.0079a2−0.1136a+8.702, −0.0117a2+0.8999a+32.783),
point B (0.0, 0.009a2−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a2+0.6045a+40.682), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W); - if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:
- point J (0.0183a2−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a2+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0),
point K′ (−0.0051a2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a2−1.0929a+74.05),
point A (0.0103a2−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a2+0.9225a+31.207),
point B (0.0, 0.0046a2−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a2+0.41a+42.714), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W); and - if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:
- point J (−0.0134a2+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a2−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0),
point K′ (−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557),
point A (0.0085a2−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a2+0.8102a+32.9),
point B (0.0, 0.0012a2−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a2+0.1659a+47.05), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W). - In this warm-water generating apparatus, warm water can be efficiently generated when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to those of R410A is used.
- A warm-water generating apparatus according to a 22nd aspect is the warm-water generating apparatus according to any of the 1st through 9th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
- wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:
- point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI; - the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.0236y2−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y2+0.7616y+28.0);
- the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y2−1.9003y+58.3, y, −0.012y2+0.9003y+41.7); and
- the line segments JN and EI are straight lines.
- In this warm-water generating apparatus, warm water can be efficiently generated when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
- A warm-water generating apparatus according to a 23rd aspect is the warm-water generating apparatus according to any of the 1st through 9th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,
- wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM′, M′N, NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5 points:
- point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),
point M′(39.2, 5.0, 55.8),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),
point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and
point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM); - the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y2−3.34y+52.6, y, −0.132y2+2.34y+47.4);
- the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates (0.0596y2−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y2+1.2541y+51.02);
- the line segment VG is represented by coordinates (0.0123y2−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y2+0.8033y+60.4); and
- the line segments NV and GM are straight lines.
- In this warm-water generating apparatus, warm water can be efficiently generated when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
- A warm-water generating apparatus according to a 24th aspect is the warm-water generating apparatus according to any of the 1st through 9th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,
- wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3 points:
- point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),
or on these line segments; - the line segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y2−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y2−0.3299y+62.488);
- the line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y2−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y2+0.7403y+43.365); and
- the line segment UO is a straight line.
- In this warm-water generating apparatus, warm water can be efficiently generated when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
- A warm-water generating apparatus according to a 25th aspect is the warm-water generating apparatus according to any of the 1st through 9th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,
- wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points:
- point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),
point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and
point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),
or on these line segments; - the line segment QR is represented by coordinates (0.0099y2−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y2+0.975y+15.235);
- the line segment RT is represented by coordinates (0.0082y2−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y2+0.8683y+16.874);
- the line segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y2−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y2−0.1158y+38.512);
- the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates (0.0095y2−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y2+0.2222y+32.324); and
- the line segment TL is a straight line.
- In this warm-water generating apparatus, warm water can be efficiently generated when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
- A warm-water generating apparatus according to a 26th aspect is the warm-water generating apparatus according to any of the 1st through 9th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,
- wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:
- point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),
point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
or on these line segments; - the line segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y2−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y2−0.2897y+59.9);
- the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (0.0082y2−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y2+0.8683y+16.874); and
- the line segment TP is a straight line.
- In this warm-water generating apparatus, warm water can be efficiently generated when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
- A warm-water generating apparatus according to a 27th aspect is the warm-water generating apparatus according to any of the 1st through 9th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32),
- wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IK, KB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GI that connect the following 6 points:
- point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4),
point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),
point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GI); - the line segment IK is represented by coordinates (0.025z2−1.7429z+72.00, −0.025z2+0.7429z+28.0, z),
- the line segment HR is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z2−5.234z+88.94, z),
- the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
- the line segments KB′ and GI are straight lines.
- In this warm-water generating apparatus, warm water can be efficiently generated when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
- A warm-water generating apparatus according to a 28th aspect is the warm-water generating apparatus according to any of the 1st through 9th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,
- wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JR, RG, and GI that connect the following 4 points:
- point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GI); - the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.025z2−1.7429z+72.0, −0.025z2+0.7429z+28.0, z),
- the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
- the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.
- In this warm-water generating apparatus, warm water can be efficiently generated when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
- A warm-water generating apparatus according to a 29th aspect is the warm-water generating apparatus according to any of the 1st through 9th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,
- wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MP, PB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GM that connect the following 6 points:
- point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),
point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),
point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GM); - the line segment MP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z2−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z2−0.016z+52.9, z),
- the line segment HR is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z2−5.234z+88.94, z),
- the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
- the line segments PB′ and GM are straight lines.
- In this warm-water generating apparatus, warm water can be efficiently generated when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
- A warm-water generating apparatus according to a 30th aspect is the warm-water generating apparatus according to any of the 1st through 9th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,
- wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MN, NR, RG, and GM that connect the following 4 points:
- point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM); - the line segment MN is represented by coordinates (0.0083z2−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z2−0.016z+52.9, z),
- the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
- the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.
- In this warm-water generating apparatus, warm water can be efficiently generated when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
- A warm-water generating apparatus according to a 31st aspect is the warm-water generating apparatus according to any of the 1st through 9th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,
- wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:
- point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),
point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and
point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2),
or on these line segments; - the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (−0.0982z2+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z2−1.9622z+59.069, z),
- the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z2−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z2−0.016z+52.9, z), and
- the line segment PS is a straight line.
- In this warm-water generating apparatus, warm water can be efficiently generated when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
- A warm-water generating apparatus according to a 32nd aspect is the warm-water generating apparatus according to any of the 1st through 9th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,
- wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QB″, B″D, DU, and UQ that connect the following 4 points:
- point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),
point B″ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0),
point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and
point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment B″D); - the line segment DU is represented by coordinates (−3.4962z2+210.71z−3146.1, 3.4962z2−211.71z+3246.1, z),
- the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates (0.0135z2−0.9181z+44.133, −0.0135z2−0.0819z+55.867, z), and
- the line segments QB″ and B″D are straight lines.
- In this warm-water generating apparatus, warm water can be efficiently generated when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an instrument used for a flammability test. -
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing points A to T and line segments that connect these points in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %. -
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing points A to C, D′, G, I, J, and K′, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass %. -
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing points A to C, D′, G, I, J, and K′, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 92.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 7.1 mass %). -
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing points A to C, D′, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 88.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 11.1 mass %). -
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 85.5 mass % (the content of R32 is 14.5 mass %). -
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 81.8 mass % (the content of R32 is 18.2 mass %). -
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 78.1 mass % (the content of R32 is 21.9 mass %). -
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 73.3 mass % (the content of R32 is 26.7 mass %). -
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 70.7 mass % (the content of R32 is 29.3 mass %). -
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 63.3 mass % (the content of R32 is 36.7 mass %). -
FIG. 12 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 55.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 44.1 mass %). -
FIG. 13 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 52.2 mass % (the content of R32 is 47.8 mass %). -
FIG. 14 is a view showing points A to C, E, G, and I to W; and line segments that connect points A to C, E, G, and I to W in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass %. -
FIG. 15 is a view showing points A to U; and line segments that connect the points in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass %. -
FIG. 16 is an external view of a warm-water supply system serving as a warm-water generating apparatus according to a first embodiment. -
FIG. 17 is a water-circuit and refrigerant-circuit diagram of the warm-water supply system according to the first embodiment. -
FIG. 18 is a control block diagram of the warm-water supply system according to a first embodiment. -
FIG. 19 is a water-circuit and refrigerant-circuit diagram of a warm-water supply system according to a first modification of the first embodiment. -
FIG. 20 is a water-circuit and refrigerant-circuit diagram of a warm-water supply system according to a second modification of the first embodiment. -
FIG. 21 illustrates a part of a configuration of a warm-water circulation heating system serving as a warm-water generating apparatus according to a second embodiment. -
FIG. 22 illustrates a part of the configuration of the warm-water circulation heating system according to the second embodiment. -
FIG. 23 illustrates a part of the configuration of the warm-water circulation heating system according to the second embodiment. -
FIG. 24 is a control block diagram of the warm-water circulation heating system according to the second embodiment. -
FIG. 25 illustrates a part of a configuration of a warm-water circulation heating system according to a first modification of the second embodiment. -
FIG. 26 illustrates a part of a configuration of a warm-water circulation heating system according to a second modification of the second embodiment. -
FIG. 27 is a schematic configuration diagram of a warm-water supply system serving as a warm-water generating apparatus according to a third embodiment. -
FIG. 28 is a schematic configuration diagram of a heat source unit of the warm-water supply system according to the third embodiment. -
FIG. 29 is a control block diagram of the warm-water supply system according to the third embodiment. - In the present specification, the term “refrigerant” includes at least compounds that are specified in ISO 817 (International Organization for Standardization), and that are given a refrigerant number (ASHRAE number) representing the type of refrigerant with “R” at the beginning; and further includes refrigerants that have properties equivalent to those of such refrigerants, even though a refrigerant number is not yet given. Refrigerants are broadly divided into fluorocarbon compounds and non-fluorocarbon compounds in terms of the structure of the compounds. Fluorocarbon compounds include chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFC). Non-fluorocarbon compounds include propane (R290), propylene (R1270), butane (R600), isobutane (R600a), carbon dioxide (R744), ammonia (R717), and the like.
- In the present specification, the phrase “composition comprising a refrigerant” at least includes (1) a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants), (2) a composition that further comprises other components and that can be mixed with at least a refrigeration oil to obtain a working fluid for a refrigerating machine, and (3) a working fluid for a refrigerating machine containing a refrigeration oil. In the present specification, of these three embodiments, the composition (2) is referred to as a “refrigerant composition” so as to distinguish it from a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants). Further, the working fluid for a refrigerating machine (3) is referred to as a “refrigeration oil-containing working fluid” so as to distinguish it from the “refrigerant composition.”
- In the present specification, when the term “alternative” is used in a context in which the first refrigerant is replaced with the second refrigerant, the first type of “alternative” means that equipment designed for operation using the first refrigerant can be operated using the second refrigerant under optimum conditions, optionally with changes of only a few parts (at least one of the following: refrigeration oil, gasket, packing, expansion valve, dryer, and other parts) and equipment adjustment. In other words, this type of alternative means that the same equipment is operated with an alternative refrigerant. Embodiments of this type of “alternative” include “drop-in alternative,” “nearly drop-in alternative,” and “retrofit,” in the order in which the extent of changes and adjustment necessary for replacing the first refrigerant with the second refrigerant is smaller.
- The term “alternative” also includes a second type of “alternative,” which means that equipment designed for operation using the second refrigerant is operated for the same use as the existing use with the first refrigerant by using the second refrigerant. This type of alternative means that the same use is achieved with an alternative refrigerant.
- In the present specification, the term “refrigerating machine” refers to machines in general that draw heat from an object or space to make its temperature lower than the temperature of ambient air, and maintain a low temperature. In other words, refrigerating machines refer to conversion machines that gain energy from the outside to do work, and that perform energy conversion, in order to transfer heat from where the temperature is lower to where the temperature is higher.
- In the present specification, a refrigerant having a “WCF lower flammability” means that the most flammable composition (worst case of formulation for flammability: WCF) has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less according to the US ANSI/
ASHRAE Standard 34−2013. Further, in the present specification, a refrigerant having “ASHRAE lower flammability” means that the burning velocity of WCF is 10 cm/s or less, that the most flammable fraction composition (worst case of fractionation for flammability: WCFF), which is specified by performing a leakage test during storage, shipping, or use based on ANSI/ASHRAE 34-2013 using WCF, has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less, and that flammability classification according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34−2013 is determined to classified as be “Class 2L.” - In the present specification, a refrigerant having an “RCL of x % or more” means that the refrigerant has a refrigerant concentration limit (RCL), calculated in accordance with the US ANSI/
ASHRAE Standard 34−2013, of x % or more. RCL refers to a concentration limit in the air in consideration of safety factors. RCL is an index for reducing the risk of acute toxicity, suffocation, and flammability in a closed space where humans are present. RCL is determined in accordance with the ASHRAE Standard. More specifically, RCL is the lowest concentration among the acute toxicity exposure limit (ATEL), the oxygen deprivation limit (ODL), and the flammable concentration limit (FCL), which are respectively calculated in accordance with sections 7.1.1, 7.1.2, and 7.1.3 of the ASHRAE Standard. - In the present specification, temperature glide refers to an absolute value of the difference between the initial temperature and the end temperature in the phase change process of a composition containing the refrigerant of the present disclosure in the heat exchanger of a refrigerant system.
- Any one of various refrigerants such as refrigerant A, refrigerant B, refrigerant C, refrigerant D, and refrigerant E, details of these refrigerant are to be mentioned later, can be used as the refrigerant.
- The refrigerant according to the present disclosure can be preferably used as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine.
- The composition according to the present disclosure is suitable for use as an alternative refrigerant for HFC refrigerant such as R410A, R407C and R404 etc, or HCFC refrigerant such as R22 etc.
- The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant according to the present disclosure, and can be used for the same use as the refrigerant according to the present disclosure. Moreover, the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure can be further mixed with at least a refrigeration oil to thereby obtain a working fluid for a refrigerating machine.
- The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure further comprises at least one other component in addition to the refrigerant according to the present disclosure. The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise at least one of the following other components, if necessary. As described above, when the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure is used as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine, it is generally used as a mixture with at least a refrigeration oil. Therefore, it is preferable that the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure does not substantially comprise a refrigeration oil. Specifically, in the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure, the content of the refrigeration oil based on the entire refrigerant composition is preferably 0 to 1 mass %, and more preferably 0 to 0.1 mass %.
- The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may contain a small amount of water. The water content of the refrigerant composition is preferably 0.1 mass % or less based on the entire refrigerant. A small amount of water contained in the refrigerant composition stabilizes double bonds in the molecules of unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds that can be present in the refrigerant, and makes it less likely that the unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds will be oxidized, thus increasing the stability of the refrigerant composition.
- A tracer is added to the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure at a detectable concentration such that when the refrigerant composition has been diluted, contaminated, or undergone other changes, the tracer can trace the changes.
- The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single tracer, or two or more tracers.
- The tracer is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used tracers. Preferably, a compound that cannot be an impurity inevitably mixed in the refrigerant of the present disclosure is selected as the tracer.
- Examples of tracers include hydrofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons, fluorocarbons, deuterated hydrocarbons, deuterated hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, brominated compounds, iodinated compounds, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and nitrous oxide (N2O). The tracer is particularly preferably a hydrofluorocarbon, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon, a chlorofluorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, a hydrochlorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, or a fluoroether.
- The following compounds are preferable as the tracer.
- FC-14 (tetrafluoromethane, CF4)
HCC-40 (chloromethane, CH3Cl)
HFC-23 (trifluoromethane, CHF3)
HFC-41 (fluoromethane, CH3Cl)
HFC-125 (pentafluoroethane, CF3CHF2)
HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, CF3CH2F)
HFC-134 (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, CHF2CHF2)
HFC-143a (1,1,1-trifluoroethane, CF3CH3)
HFC-143 (1,1,2-trifluoroethane, CHF2CH2F)
HFC-152a (1,1-difluoroethane, CHF2CH3)
HFC-152 (1,2-difluoroethane, CH2FCH2F)
HFC-161 (fluoroethane, CH3CH2F)
HFC-245fa (1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, CF3CH2CHF2)
HFC-236fa (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF3CH2CF3)
HFC-236ea (1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF3CHFCHF2)
HFC-227ea (1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, CF3CHFCF3)
HCFC-22 (chlorodifluoromethane, CHClF2)
HCFC-31 (chlorofluoromethane, CH2ClF)
CFC-1113 (chlorotrifluoroethylene, CF2═CClF)
HFE-125 (trifluoromethyl-difluoromethyl ether, CF3OCHF2)
HFE-134a (trifluoromethyl-fluoromethyl ether, CF3OCH2F)
HFE-143a (trifluoromethyl-methyl ether, CF3OCH3)
HFE-227ea (trifluoromethyl-tetrafluoroethyl ether, CF3OCHFCF3)
HFE-236fa (trifluoromethyl-trifluoroethyl ether, CF3OCH2CF3) - The tracer compound may be present in the refrigerant composition at a total concentration of about 10 parts per million (ppm) to about 1000 ppm. Preferably, the tracer compound is present in the refrigerant composition at a total concentration of about 30 ppm to about 500 ppm, and most preferably, the tracer compound is present at a total concentration of about 50 ppm to about 300 ppm.
- The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single ultraviolet fluorescent dye, or two or more ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.
- The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.
- Examples of ultraviolet fluorescent dyes include naphthalimide, coumarin, anthracene, phenanthrene, xanthene, thioxanthene, naphthoxanthene, fluorescein, and derivatives thereof. The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is particularly preferably either naphthalimide or coumarin, or both.
- The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single stabilizer, or two or more stabilizers.
- The stabilizer is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used stabilizers.
- Examples of stabilizers include nitro compounds, ethers, and amines.
- Examples of nitro compounds include aliphatic nitro compounds, such as nitromethane and nitroethane; and aromatic nitro compounds, such as nitro benzene and nitro styrene.
- Examples of ethers include 1,4-dioxane.
- Examples of amines include 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropylamine and diphenylamine.
- Examples of stabilizers also include butylhydroxyxylene and benzotriazole.
- The content of the stabilizer is not limited. Generally, the content of the stabilizer is preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %, based on the entire refrigerant.
- The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single polymerization inhibitor, or two or more polymerization inhibitors.
- The polymerization inhibitor is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used polymerization inhibitors.
- Examples of polymerization inhibitors include 4-methoxy-1-naphthol, hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether, dimethyl-t-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and benzotriazole.
- The content of the polymerization inhibitor is not limited. Generally, the content of the polymerization inhibitor is preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %, based on the entire refrigerant.
- The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant or refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure and a refrigeration oil, for use as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine. Specifically, the refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure is obtained by mixing a refrigeration oil used in a compressor of a refrigerating machine with the refrigerant or the refrigerant composition. The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid generally comprises 10 to 50 mass % of refrigeration oil.
- The refrigeration oil is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used refrigeration oils. In this case, refrigeration oils that are superior in the action of increasing the miscibility with the mixture and the stability of the mixture, for example, are suitably selected as necessary.
- The base oil of the refrigeration oil is preferably, for example, at least one member selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycols (PAG), polyol esters (POE), and polyvinyl ethers (PVE).
- The refrigeration oil may further contain additives in addition to the base oil. The additive may be at least one member selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, extreme-pressure agents, acid scavengers, oxygen scavengers, copper deactivators, rust inhibitors, oil agents, and antifoaming agents.
- A refrigeration oil with a kinematic viscosity of 5 to 400 cSt at 40° C. is preferable from the standpoint of lubrication.
- The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure may further optionally contain at least one additive. Examples of additives include compatibilizing agents described below.
- The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure may comprise a single compatibilizing agent, or two or more compatibilizing agents.
- The compatibilizing agent is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used compatibilizing agents.
- Examples of compatibilizing agents include polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers, and 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes. The compatibilizing agent is particularly preferably a polyoxyalkylene glycol ether.
- Hereinafter, the refrigerants A to E, which are the refrigerants used in the present embodiment, will be described in detail.
- In addition, each description of the following refrigerant A, refrigerant B, refrigerant C, refrigerant D, and refrigerant E is each independent. The alphabet which shows a point or a line segment, the number of an Examples, and the number of a comparative examples are all independent of each other among the refrigerant A, the refrigerant B, the refrigerant C, the refrigerant D, and the refrigerant E. For example, the first embodiment of the refrigerant A and the first embodiment of the refrigerant B are different embodiment from each other.
- The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).
- The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e., a refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of performance that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.
- The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is a composition comprising HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf, and optionally further comprising HFO-1123, and may further satisfy the following requirements. This refrigerant also has various properties desirable as an alternative refrigerant for R410A; i.e., it has a refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of performance that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.
- Preferable refrigerant A is as follows:
- When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:
- point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0),
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line CO); - the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3,
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x2−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x2−0.3329x+19.6),
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x2−0.3966x+20.271), and
- the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.
- When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
- When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, based on their sum in the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within a figure surrounded by line segments GI, IA, AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CG that connect the following 8 points:
- point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CG); - the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x2−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x2−0.3329x+19.6),
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x2−0.3966x+20.271), and
- the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.
- When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant A has a WCF lower flammability according to the ASHRAE Standard (the WCF composition has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less).
- When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant according to the present disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:
- point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1),
point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CJ); - the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x2+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x2−13.112x+380.43),
- the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x2−29.955x+931.91, −0.2421x2+28.955x−831.91),
- the line segment KA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x2−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x2−0.3329x+19.6),
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x2−0.3966x+20.271), and
- the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.
- When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant exhibits a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard (the WCF composition and the WCFF composition have a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less).
- When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant according to the present disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′ C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:
- point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CJ); - the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x2+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x2−13.112x+380.43),
- the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x2−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x2−0.3329x+19.6),
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x2−0.3966x+20.271), and
- the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.
- When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has an RCL of 40 g/m3 or more.
- When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TP that connect the following 7 points:
- point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and
point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment BF); - the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x2+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x2−13.112x+380.43),
- the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x2−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x2−0.2499x+38.2),
- the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x2−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x2−0.2393x+36.475), and
- the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.
- When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has an RCL of 40 g/m3 or more.
- The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP that connect the following 4 points:
- point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and
point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9),
or on the above line segments; - the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x2+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x2−13.112x+380.43),
- the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x2−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x2−0.2393x+36.475), and
- the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.
- When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m3 or more, furthermore, the refrigerant has a condensation temperature glide of 1° C. or less.
- The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TS that connect the following 6 points:
- point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1),
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
point A′(30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and
point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
or on the above line segments, - the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x2−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x2−0.2499x+38.2),
- the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (x, −0.0017x2−0.7869x+70.888, −0.0017x2−0.2131x+29.112), and
- the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.
- When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m3 or more furthermore, the refrigerant has a discharge pressure of 105% or more relative to that of R410A.
- The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Od, dg, gh, and hO that connect the following 4 points:
- point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4),
point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7),
point h (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and
point o (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
or on the line segments Od, dg, gh, and hO (excluding the points O and h); - the line segment dg is represented by coordinates (0.0047y2−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y2+0.5177y+12.402),
- the line segment gh is represented by coordinates (−0.0134z2−1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z2+0.0825z+43.308, z), and
- the line segments hO and Od are straight lines.
- When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
- The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments lg, gh, hi, and il that connect the following 4 points:
- point l (72.5, 10.2, 17.3),
point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7),
point h (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and
point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0) or
on the line segments lg, gh, and il (excluding the points h and i); - the line segment lg is represented by coordinates (0.0047y2−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y2+0.5177y+12.402), the line gh is represented by coordinates (−0.0134z2−1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z2+0.0825z+43.308, z), and
- the line segments hi and il are straight lines.
- When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard.
- The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Od, de, ef, and fO that connect the following 4 points:
- point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4),
point e (31.1, 42.9, 26.0),
point f (65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
or on the line segments Od, de, and ef (excluding the points O and f); - the line segment de is represented by coordinates (0.0047y2−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y2+0.5177y+12.402),
- the line segment ef is represented by coordinates (−0.0064z2−1.1565z+65.501, 0.0064z2+0.1565z+34.499, z), and
- the line segments fO and Od are straight lines.
- When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
- The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
- coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments le, ef, fi, and it that connect the following 4 points:
- point l (72.5, 10.2, 17.3),
point e (31.1, 42.9, 26.0),
point f (65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and
point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0),
or on the line segments le, ef, and il (excluding the points f and i); - the line segment le is represented by coordinates (0.0047y2−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y2+0.5177y+12.402),
- the line segment ef is represented by coordinates (−0.0134z2−1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z2+0.0825z+43.308, z), and
- the line segments fi and it are straight lines.
- When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard.
- The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
- coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oa, ab, bc, and cO that connect the following 4 points:
- point a (93.4, 0.0, 6.6),
point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8),
point c (77.6, 22.4, 0.0), and
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
or on the line segments Oa, ab, and be (excluding the points O and c); - the line segment ab is represented by coordinates (0.0052y2−1.5588y+93.385, y, −0.0052y2+0.5588y+6.615),
- the line segment be is represented by coordinates (−0.0032z2−1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z2+0.1791z+22.407, z), and
- the line segments cO and Oa are straight lines.
- When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A.
- The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
- coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments kb, bj, and jk that connect the following 3 points:
- point k (72.5, 14.1, 13.4),
point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8), and
point j (72.5, 23.2, 4.3),
or on the line segments kb, bj, and jk; - the line segment kb is represented by coordinates (0.0052y2−1.5588y+93.385, y, and −0.0052y2+0.5588y+6.615),
- the line segment bj is represented by coordinates (−0.0032z2−1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z2+0.1791z+22.407, z), and
- the line segment jk is a straight line.
- When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard.
- The refrigerant according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.
- The refrigerant according to the present disclosure may comprise HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, 99.75 mass % or more, or 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.
- Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can be widely selected. The mixed refrigerant may contain one additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.
- The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant A. However, refrigerant A is not limited to the Examples.
- The GWP of R1234yf and a composition consisting of a mixed refrigerant R410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in WO2015/141678). The refrigerating capacity of R410A and compositions each comprising a mixture of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.
- Further, the RCL of the mixture was calculated with the LFL of HFO-1132(E) being 4.7 vol. %, the LFL of HFO-1123 being 10 vol. %, and the LFL of R1234yf being 6.2 vol. %, in accordance with the
ASHRAE Standard 34−2013. - Evaporating temperature: 5° C.
Condensation temperature: 45° C.
Degree of superheating: 5 K
Degree of subcooling: 5 K
Compressor efficiency: 70% - Tables 1 to 34 show these values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant.
-
TABLE 1 Comp. Comp. Example Comp. Comp. Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Example 2 Example Ex. 4 Item Unit Ex. 1 O A 1 A′ 3 B HFO-1132(E) mass % R410A 100.0 68.6 49.0 30.6 14.1 0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 0.0 0.0 14.9 30.0 44.8 58.7 R1234yf mass % 0.0 31.4 36.1 39.4 41.1 41.3 GWP — 2088 1 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative to 100 99.7 100.0 98.6 97.3 96.3 95.5 410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 100 98.3 85.0 85.0 85.0 85.0 85.0 capacity ratio 410A) Condensation ° C. 0.1 0.00 1.98 3.36 4.46 5.15 5.35 glide Discharge % (relative to 100.0 99.3 87.1 88.9 90.6 92.1 93.2 pressure 410A) RCL g/m3 — 30.7 37.5 44.0 52.7 64.0 78.6 -
TABLE 2 Comp. Example Comp. Comp. Example Comp. Ex. 5 Example 5 Example Ex. 6 Ex. 7 7 Ex. 8 Item Unit C 4 C′ 6 D E E′ F HFO-1132(E) mass % 32.9 26.6 19.5 10.9 0.0 58.0 23.4 0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 67.1 68.4 70.5 74.1 80.4 42.0 48.5 61.8 R1234yf mass % 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 19.6 0.0 28.1 38.2 GWP — 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 95.0 95.0 95.0 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 107.4 105.2 102.9 100.5 97.9 105.0 92.5 86.9 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 0.16 0.52 0.94 1.42 1.90 0.42 3.16 4.80 glide Discharge % (relative 119.5 117.4 115.3 113.0 115.9 112.7 101.0 95.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m3 53.5 57.1 62.0 69.1 81.3 41.9 46.3 79.0 -
TABLE 3 Comp. Example Example Example Example Example Ex. 9 8 9 10 11 12 Item Unit J P L N N′ K HFO-1132(E) mass % 47.1 55.8 63.1 68.6 65.0 61.3 HFO-1123 mass % 52.9 42.0 31.9 16.3 7.7 5.4 R1234yf mass % 0.0 2.2 5.0 15.1 27.3 33.3 GWP — 1 1 1 1 2 2 COP ratio % (relative to 93.8 95.0 96.1 97.9 99.1 99.5 410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 106.2 104.1 101.6 95.0 88.2 85.0 capacity ratio 410A) Condensation ° C. 0.31 0.57 0.81 1.41 2.11 2.51 glide Discharge % (relative to 115.8 111.9 107.8 99.0 91.2 87.7 pressure 410A) RCL g/m3 46.2 42.6 40.0 38.0 38.7 39.7 -
-
TABLE 4 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Item Unit L M Q R S S′ T HFO-1132(E) mass % 63.1 60.3 62.8 49.8 62.6 50.0 35.8 HFO-1123 mass % 31.9 6.2 29.6 42.3 28.3 35.8 44.9 R1234yf mass % 5.0 33.5 7.6 7.9 9.1 14.2 19.3 GWP — 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 COP ratio % (relative to 96.1 99.4 96.4 95.0 96.6 95.8 95.0 410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 101.6 85.0 100.2 101.7 99.4 98.1 96.7 capacity ratio 410A) Condensation ° C. 0.81 2.58 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.55 2.07 glide Discharge % (relative to 107.8 87.9 106.0 109.6 105.0 105.0 105.0 pressure 410A) RCL g/m3 40.0 40.0 40.0 44.8 40.0 44.4 50.8 -
TABLE 5 Comp. Example Example Ex. 10 20 21 Item Unit G H I HFO-1132(E) mass % 72.0 72.0 72.0 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 14.0 0.0 R1234yf mass % 0.0 14.0 28.0 GWP — 1 1 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.6 98.2 99.9 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 103.1 95.1 86.6 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 0.46 1.27 1.71 glide Discharge % (relative 108.4 98.7 88.6 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m3 37.4 37.0 36.6 -
TABLE 6 Comp. Comp. Example Example Example Example Example Comp. Item Unit Ex. 11 Ex. 12 22 23 24 25 26 Ex. 13 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 HFO-1123 mass % 85.0 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 R1234yf mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 GWP — 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio % (relative to 91.4 92.0 92.8 93.7 94.7 95.8 96.9 98.0 410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 105.7 105.5 105.0 104.3 103.3 102.0 100.6 99.1 capacity ratio 410A) Condensation ° C. 0.40 0.46 0.55 0.66 0.75 0.80 0.79 0.67 glide Discharge % (relative to 120.1 118.7 116.7 114.3 111.6 108.7 105.6 102.5 pressure 410A) RCL g/m3 71.0 61.9 54.9 49.3 44.8 41.0 37.8 35.1 -
TABLE 7 Comp. Example Example Example Example Example Example Comp. Item Unit Ex. 14 27 28 29 30 31 32 Ex. 15 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 HFO-1123 mass % 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R1234yf mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 GWP — 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio % (relative to 91.9 92.5 93.3 94.3 95.3 96.4 97.5 98.6 410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 103.2 102.9 102.4 101.5 100.5 99.2 97.8 96.2 capacity ratio 410A) Condensation ° C. 0.87 0.94 1.03 1.12 1.18 1.18 1.09 0.88 glide Discharge % (relative to 116.7 115.2 113.2 110.8 108.1 105.2 102.1 99.0 pressure 410A) RCL g/m3 70.5 61.6 54.6 49.1 44.6 40.8 37.7 35.0 -
TABLE 8 Comp. Example Example Example Example Example Example Comp. Item Unit Ex. 16 33 34 35 36 37 38 Ex. 17 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 HFO-1123 mass % 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 R1234yf mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 GWP — 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio % (relative to 92.4 93.1 93.9 94.8 95.9 97.0 98.1 99.2 410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 100.5 100.2 99.6 98.7 97.7 96.4 94.9 93.2 capacity ratio 410A) Condensation ° C. 1.41 1.49 1.56 1.62 1.63 1.55 1.37 1.05 glide Discharge % (relative to 113.1 111.6 109.6 107.2 104.5 101.6 98.6 95.5 pressure 410A) RCL g/m3 70.0 61.2 54.4 48.9 44.4 40.7 37.5 34.8 -
TABLE 9 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R1234yf mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative to 93.0 93.7 94.5 95.5 96.5 97.6 98.7 410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 97.7 97.4 96.8 95.9 94.7 93.4 91.9 capacity ratio 410A) Condensation ° C. 2.03 2.09 2.13 2.14 2.07 1.91 1.61 glide Discharge % (relative to 109.4 107.9 105.9 103.5 100.8 98.0 95.0 pressure 410A) RCL g/m3 69.6 60.9 54.1 48.7 44.2 40.5 37.4 -
TABLE 10 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 R1234yf mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 93.6 94.3 95.2 96.1 97.2 98.2 99.3 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 94.8 94.5 93.8 92.9 91.8 90.4 88.8 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 2.71 2.74 2.73 2.66 2.50 2.22 1.78 glide Discharge % (relative 105.5 104.0 102.1 99.7 97.1 94.3 91.4 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m3 69.1 60.5 53.8 48.4 44.0 40.4 37.3 -
TABLE 11 Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 53 54 55 56 57 58 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 HFO-1123 mass % 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R1234yf mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative to 94.3 95.0 95.9 96.8 97.8 98.9 410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 91.9 91.5 90.8 89.9 88.7 87.3 capacity ratio 410A) Condensation ° C. 3.46 3.43 3.35 3.18 2.90 2.47 glide Discharge % (relative to 101.6 100.1 98.2 95.9 93.3 90.6 pressure 410A) RCL g/m3 68.7 60.2 53.5 48.2 43.9 40.2 -
TABLE 12 Example Example Example Example Example Comp. Item Unit 59 60 61 62 63 Ex. 18 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 HFO-1123 mass % 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 R1234yf mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative to 95.0 95.8 96.6 97.5 98.5 99.6 410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 88.9 88.5 87.8 86.8 85.6 84.1 capacity ratio 410A) Condensation ° C. 4.24 4.15 3.96 3.67 3.24 2.64 glide Discharge % (relative to 97.6 96.1 94.2 92.0 89.5 86.8 pressure 410A) RCL g/m3 68.2 59.8 53.2 48.0 43.7 40.1 -
TABLE 13 Example Example Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Unit 64 65 Ex. 19 Ex. 20 Ex. 21 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 HFO-1123 mass % 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R1234yf mass % 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative to 95.9 96.6 97.4 98.3 99.2 410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 85.8 85.4 84.7 83.6 82.4 capacity ratio 410A) Condensation ° C. 5.05 4.85 4.55 4.10 3.50 glide Discharge % (relative to 93.5 92.1 90.3 88.1 85.6 pressure 410A) RCL g/m3 67.8 59.5 53.0 47.8 43.5 -
TABLE 14 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 HFO-1132(E) mass % 54.0 56.0 58.0 62.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0 HFO-1123 mass % 41.0 39.0 37.0 33.0 41.0 39.0 37.0 35.0 R1234yf mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 GWP — 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio % (relative 95.1 95.3 95.6 96.0 95.1 95.4 95.6 95.8 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 102.8 102.6 102.3 101.8 101.9 101.7 101.5 101.2 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 0.78 0.79 0.80 0.81 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.95 glide Discharge % (relative 110.5 109.9 109.3 108.1 109.7 109.1 108.5 107.9 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m3 43.2 42.4 41.7 40.3 43.9 43.1 42.4 41.6 -
TABLE 15 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 HFO-1132(E) mass % 60.0 62.0 61.0 58.0 60.0 62.0 52.0 54.0 HFO-1123 mass % 33.0 31.0 29.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 34.0 32.0 R1234yf mass % 7.0 7.0 10.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 14.0 14.0 GWP — 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio % (relative 96.0 96.2 96.5 96.4 96.6 96.8 96.0 96.2 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 100.9 100.7 99.1 98.4 98.1 97.8 98.0 97.7 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 0.95 0.95 1.18 1.34 1.33 1.32 1.53 1.53 glide Discharge % (relative 107.3 106.7 104.9 104.4 103.8 103.2 104.7 104.1 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m3 40.9 40.3 40.5 41.5 40.8 40.1 43.6 42.9 -
TABLE 16 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 HFO-1132(E) mass % 56.0 58.0 60.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 HFO-1123 mass % 30.0 28.0 26.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 R1234yf mass % 14.0 14.0 14.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 GWP — 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio % (relative 96.4 96.6 96.9 95.8 96.0 96.2 96.4 96.7 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 97.5 97.2 96.9 97.3 97.1 96.8 96.6 96.3 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 1.51 1.50 1.48 1.72 1.72 1.71 1.69 1.67 glide Discharge % (relative 103.5 102.9 102.3 104.3 103.8 103.2 102.7 102.1 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m3 42.1 41.4 40.7 45.2 44.4 43.6 42.8 42.1 -
TABLE 17 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 HFO-1132(E) mass % 58.0 60.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 HFO-1123 mass % 26.0 24.0 40.0 38.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 R1234yf mass % 16.0 16.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 GWP — 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.9 97.1 95.4 95.6 95.8 96.0 96.3 96.5 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 96.1 95.8 96.8 96.6 96.4 96.2 95.9 95.7 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 1.65 1.63 1.93 1.92 1.92 1.91 1.89 1.88 glide Discharge % (relative 101.5 100.9 104.5 103.9 103.4 102.9 102.3 101.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m3 41.4 40.7 47.8 46.9 46.0 45.1 44.3 43.5 -
TABLE 18 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 HFO-1132(E) mass % 54.0 56.0 58.0 60.0 36.0 38.0 42.0 44.0 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 44.0 42.0 38.0 36.0 R1234yf mass % 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.7 96.9 97.1 97.3 95.1 95.3 95.7 95.9 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 95.4 95.2 94.9 94.6 96.3 96.1 95.7 95.4 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 1.86 1.83 1.80 1.77 2.14 2.14 2.13 2.12 glide Discharge % (relative 101.2 100.6 100.0 99.5 104.5 104.0 103.0 102.5 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m3 42.7 42.0 41.3 40.6 50.7 49.7 47.7 46.8 -
TABLE 19 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 HFO-1132(E) mass % 46.0 48.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0 34.0 36.0 HFO-1123 mass % 34.0 32.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 44.0 42.0 R1234yf mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 22.0 22.0 GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.1 96.3 96.7 96.9 97.2 97.4 95.1 95.3 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 95.2 95.0 94.5 94.2 94.0 93.7 95.3 95.1 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 2.11 2.09 2.05 2.02 1.99 1.95 2.37 2.36 glide Discharge % (relative 101.9 101.4 100.3 99.7 99.2 98.6 103.4 103.0 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m3 45.9 45.0 43.4 42.7 41.9 41.2 51.7 50.6 -
TABLE 20 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 HFO-1132(E) mass % 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 HFO-1123 mass % 40.0 38.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 R1234yf mass % 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 95.5 95.7 95.9 96.1 96.4 96.6 96.8 97.0 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 94.9 94.7 94.5 94.3 94.0 93.8 93.6 93.3 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 2.36 2.35 2.33 2.32 2.30 2.27 2.25 2.21 glide Discharge % (relative 102.5 102.0 101.5 101.0 100.4 99.9 99.4 98.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m3 49.6 48.6 47.6 46.7 45.8 45.0 44.1 43.4 -
TABLE 21 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 HFO-1132(E) mass % 54.0 56.0 58.0 60.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 HFO-1123 mass % 24.0 22.0 20.0 18.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 38.0 R1234yf mass % 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 97.2 97.4 97.6 97.9 95.2 95.4 95.6 95.8 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 93.0 92.8 92.5 92.2 94.3 94.1 93.9 93.7 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 2.18 2.14 2.09 2.04 2.61 2.60 2.59 2.58 glide Discharge % (relative 98.2 97.7 97.1 96.5 102.4 101.9 101.5 101.0 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m3 42.6 41.9 41.2 40.5 52.7 51.6 50.5 49.5 -
TABLE 22 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 HFO-1132(E) mass % 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 HFO-1123 mass % 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 R1234yf mass % 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.0 96.2 96.4 96.6 96.8 97.0 97.2 97.5 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 93.5 93.3 93.1 92.8 92.6 92.4 92.1 91.8 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 2.56 2.54 2.51 2.49 2.45 2.42 2.38 2.33 glide Discharge % (relative 100.5 100.0 99.5 98.9 98.4 97.9 97.3 96.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m3 48.5 47.5 46.6 45.7 44.9 44.1 43.3 42.5 -
TABLE 23 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 HFO-1132(E) mass % 56.0 58.0 60.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 HFO-1123 mass % 20.0 18.0 16.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 38.0 36.0 R1234yf mass % 24.0 24.0 24.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 97.7 97.9 98.1 95.3 95.5 95.7 95.9 96.1 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 91.6 91.3 91.0 93.2 93.1 92.9 92.7 92.5 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 2.28 2.22 2.16 2.86 2.85 2.83 2.81 2.79 glide Discharge % (relative 96.2 95.6 95.1 101.3 100.8 100.4 99.9 99.4 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m3 41.8 41.1 40.4 53.7 52.6 51.5 50.4 49.4 -
TABLE 24 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 HFO-1132(E) mass % 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 HFO-1123 mass % 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 20.0 R1234yf mass % 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.3 96.5 96.7 96.9 97.1 97.3 97.5 97.7 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 92.3 92.1 91.9 91.6 91.4 91.2 90.9 90.6 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 2.77 2.74 2.71 2.67 2.63 2.59 2.53 2.48 glide Discharge % (relative 99.0 98.5 97.9 97.4 96.9 96.4 95.8 95.3 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m3 48.4 47.4 46.5 45.7 44.8 44.0 43.2 42.5 -
TABLE 25 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 HFO-1132(E) mass % 56.0 58.0 60.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 HFO-1123 mass % 18.0 16.0 14.0 42.0 40.0 38.0 36.0 34.0 R1234yf mass % 26.0 26.0 26.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 97.9 98.2 98.4 95.6 95.8 96.0 96.2 96.3 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 90.3 90.1 89.8 92.1 91.9 91.7 91.5 91.3 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 2.42 2.35 2.27 3.10 3.09 3.06 3.04 3.01 glide Discharge % (relative 94.7 94.1 93.6 99.7 99.3 98.8 98.4 97.9 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m3 41.7 41.0 40.3 53.6 52.5 51.4 50.3 49.3 -
TABLE 26 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 HFO-1132(E) mass % 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 HFO-1123 mass % 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 20.0 18.0 R1234yf mass % 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.5 96.7 96.9 97.2 97.4 97.6 97.8 98.0 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 91.1 90.9 90.7 90.4 90.2 89.9 89.7 89.4 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 2.98 2.94 2.90 2.85 2.80 2.75 2.68 2.62 glide Discharge % (relative 97.4 96.9 96.4 95.9 95.4 94.9 94.3 93.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m3 48.3 47.4 46.4 45.6 44.7 43.9 43.1 42.4 -
TABLE 27 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 HFO-1132(E) mass % 56.0 58.0 60.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 42.0 HFO-1123 mass % 16.0 14.0 12.0 38.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 28.0 R1234yf mass % 28.0 28.0 28.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 98.2 98.4 98.6 96.1 96.2 96.4 96.6 97.0 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 89.1 88.8 88.5 90.7 90.5 90.3 90.1 89.7 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 2.54 2.46 2.38 3.32 3.30 3.26 3.22 3.14 glide Discharge % (relative 93.2 92.6 92.1 97.7 97.3 96.8 96.4 95.4 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m3 41.7 41.0 40.3 52.4 51.3 50.2 49.2 47.3 -
TABLE 28 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 HFO-1132(E) mass % 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0 HFO-1123 mass % 26.0 24.0 22.0 20.0 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 R1234yf mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 97.2 97.4 97.6 97.8 98.0 98.3 98.5 98.7 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 89.4 89.2 89.0 88.7 88.4 88.2 87.9 87.6 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 3.08 3.03 2.97 2.90 2.83 2.75 2.66 2.57 glide Discharge % (relative 94.9 94.4 93.9 93.3 92.8 92.3 91.7 91.1 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m3 46.4 45.5 44.7 43.9 43.1 42.3 41.6 40.9 -
TABLE 29 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 HFO-1132(E) mass % 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 HFO-1123 mass % 38.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 R1234yf mass % 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.2 96.3 96.5 96.7 96.9 97.1 97.3 97.5 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 89.6 89.5 89.3 89.1 88.9 88.7 88.4 88.2 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 3.60 3.56 3.52 3.48 3.43 3.38 3.33 3.26 glide Discharge % (relative 96.6 96.2 95.7 95.3 94.8 94.3 93.9 93.4 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m3 53.4 52.3 51.2 50.1 49.1 48.1 47.2 46.3 -
TABLE 30 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 HFO-1132(E) mass % 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0 60.0 HFO-1123 mass % 22.0 20.0 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 R1234yf mass % 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 97.7 97.9 98.1 98.3 98.5 98.7 98.9 99.2 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 88.0 87.7 87.5 87.2 86.9 86.6 86.3 86.0 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 3.20 3.12 3.04 2.96 2.87 2.77 2.66 2.55 glide Discharge % (relative 92.8 92.3 91.8 91.3 90.7 90.2 89.6 89.1 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m3 45.4 44.6 43.8 43.0 42.3 41.5 40.8 40.2 -
TABLE 31 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 HFO-1132(E) mass % 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 HFO-1123 mass % 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 R1234yf mass % 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.5 96.6 96.8 97.0 97.2 97.4 97.6 97.8 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 88.4 88.2 88.0 87.8 87.6 87.4 87.2 87.0 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 3.84 3.80 3.75 3.70 3.64 3.58 3.51 3.43 glide Discharge % (relative 95.0 94.6 94.2 93.7 93.3 92.8 92.3 91.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m3 53.3 52.2 51.1 50.0 49.0 48.0 47.1 46.2 -
TABLE 32 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 HFO-1132(E) mass % 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 HFO-1123 mass % 20.0 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 R1234yf mass % 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 98.0 98.2 98.4 98.6 98.8 96.8 96.9 97.1 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 86.7 86.5 86.2 85.9 85.6 87.2 87.0 86.8 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 3.36 3.27 3.18 3.08 2.97 4.08 4.03 3.97 glide Discharge % (relative 91.3 90.8 90.3 89.7 89.2 93.4 93.0 92.6 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m3 45.3 44.5 43.7 42.9 42.2 53.2 52.1 51.0 -
TABLE 33 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 HFO-1132(E) mass % 36.0 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 30.0 32.0 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 20.0 18.0 32.0 30.0 R1234yf mass % 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 38.0 38.0 GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 97.3 97.5 97.7 97.9 98.1 98.3 97.1 97.2 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 86.6 86.4 86.2 85.9 85.7 85.5 85.9 85.7 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 3.91 3.84 3.76 3.68 3.60 3.50 4.32 4.25 glide Discharge % (relative 92.1 91.7 91.2 90.7 90.3 89.8 91.9 91.4 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m3 49.9 48.9 47.9 47.0 46.1 45.3 53.1 52.0 -
TABLE 34 Example Example Item Unit 226 227 HFO-1132(E) mass % 34.0 36.0 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 26.0 R1234yf mass % 38.0 38.0 GWP — 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 97.4 97.6 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.6 85.3 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation glide ° C. 4.18 4.11 Discharge pressure % (relative 91.0 90.6 to 410A) RCL g/m3 50.9 49.8 - These results indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:
- point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
point A′(30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0),
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CO);
the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3,
the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x2−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x2−0.3329x+19.6),
the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x2−0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines,
the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A. - The point on the line segment AA′ was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point A, Example 1, and point A′ by the least square method.
- The point on the line segment A′B was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point A′, Example 3, and point B by the least square method.
- The point on the line segment DC′ was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point D, Example 6, and point C′ by the least square method.
- The point on the line segment C′C was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point C′, Example 4, and point C by the least square method.
- Likewise, the results indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BF, FT, TE, EO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:
- point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2),
point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
point E (58.0, 42.0, 0.0) and
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line EO);
the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x2−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x2−0.2499x+38.2), and
the line segment TE is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.7607x+63.525, −0.0067x2−0.2393x+36.475), and
the line segments BF, FO, and OA are straight lines,
the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A. - The point on the line segment FT was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points T, E′, and F, by the least square method.
- The point on the line segment TE was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points E, R, and T, by the least square method.
- The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which the sum of these components is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below the line segment LM connecting point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0) and point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), the refrigerant has an RCL of 40 g/m3 or more.
- The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123 and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the line segment QR connecting point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6) and point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9) or on the left side of the line segment, the refrigerant has a temperature glide of 1° C. or less.
- The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the line segment ST connecting point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1) and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3) or on the right side of the line segment, the refrigerant has a discharge pressure of 105% or less relative to that of 410A.
- In these compositions, R1234yf contributes to reducing flammability, and suppressing deterioration of polymerization etc. Therefore, the composition preferably contains R1234yf.
- Further, the burning velocity of these mixed refrigerants whose mixed formulations were adjusted to WCF concentrations was measured according to the ANSI/
ASHRAE Standard 34−2013. Compositions having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be classified as “Class 2L (lower flammability).” - A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in
FIG. 1 in the following manner. InFIG. 1 , reference numeral 901 refers to a sample cell, 902 refers to a high-speed camera, 903 refers to a xenon lamp, 904 refers to a collimating lens, 905 refers to a collimating lens, and 906 refers to a ring filter. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC. - Each WCFF concentration was obtained by using the WCF concentration as the initial concentration and performing a leak simulation using NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0.
- Tables 35 and 36 show the results.
-
TABLE 35 Item Unit G H I WCF HFO-1132(E) mass % 72.0 72.0 72.0 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 9.6 0.0 R1234yf mass % 0.0 18.4 28.0 Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 10 10 10 -
TABLE 36 Item Unit J P L N N′ K WCF HFO-1132 mass % 47.1 55.8 63.1 68.6 65.0 61.3 (E) HFO-1123 mass % 52.9 42.0 31.9 16.3 7.7 5.4 R1234yf mass % 0.0 2.2 5.0 15.1 27.3 33.3 Leak condition that results Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ in WCFF Shipping −40° C., Shipping −40° C., Shipping −40° C., Shipping −40° C., Shipping −40° C., Shipping, −40° C., 92% release, 90% release, 90% release, 66% release, 12% release, 0% release, liquid phase liquid phase gas phase gas phase gas phase gas phase side side side side side side WCFF HFO-1132 mass % 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0 (E) HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 17.8 17.4 13.6 12.3 9.8 R1234yf mass % 0.0 10.2 10.6 14.4 15.7 18.2 Burning velocity cm/ s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 9 9 8 or less (WCF) Burning velocity cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10 (WCFF) - The results in Table 35 clearly indicate that when a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf contains HFO-1132(E) in a proportion of 72.0 mass % or less based on their sum, the refrigerant can be determined to have a WCF lower flammability.
- The results in Tables 36 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, and a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below the line segments JP, PN, and NK connecting the following 6 points:
- point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0)
point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1)
point N′ (65.0, 7.7, 27.3) and
point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3),
the refrigerant can be determined to have a WCF lower flammability, and a WCFF lower flammability.
In the diagram, the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x2+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x2−13.112x+380.43), and the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x2−29.955x+931.91, −0.2421x2+28.955x−831.91). - The point on the line segment PN was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points P, L, and N, by the least square method.
- The point on the line segment NK was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points N, N′, and K, by the least square method.
- The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and the refrigerant comprising 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % or 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant, or
- a mixed refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and the refrigerant comprising 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.
- The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e., (1) a coefficient of performance equivalent to that of R410A, (2) a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of R410A, (3) a sufficiently low GWP, and (4) a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.
- When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising 72.0 mass % or less of HFO-1132(E), it has WCF lower flammability. When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is a composition comprising 47.1% or less of HFO-1132(E), it has WCF lower flammability and WCFF lower flammability, and is determined to be “Class 2L,” which is a lower flammable refrigerant according to the ASHRAE standard, and which is further easier to handle.
- When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure comprises 62.0 mass % or more of HFO-1132(E), it becomes superior with a coefficient of performance of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, the polymerization reaction of HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1123 is further suppressed, and the stability is further improved. When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure comprises 45.1 mass % or more of HFO-1132(E), it becomes superior with a coefficient of performance of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, the polymerization reaction of HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1123 is further suppressed, and the stability is further improved.
- The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.75 mass % or more, and more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant. Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.
- The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant B. However, the refrigerant B is not limited to the Examples.
- Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 37 and 38.
- The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in WO2015/141678). The refrigerating capacity of compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.
- Evaporating temperature: 5° C.
Condensation temperature: 45° C.
Superheating temperature: 5 K
Subcooling temperature: 5 K
Compressor efficiency: 70% - The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using NIST Standard Reference Data Base Refleak Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the
ASHRAE Standard 34−2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF. - Tables 1 and 2 show GWP, COP, and refrigerating capacity, which were calculated based on these results. The COP and refrigerating capacity are ratios relative to R410A.
- The coefficient of performance (COP) was determined by the following formula.
-
COP=(refrigerating capacity or heating capacity)/power consumption - For the flammability, the burning velocity was measured according to the ANSI/
ASHRAE Standard 34−2013. Both WCF and WCFF having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be “Class 2L (lower flammability).” - A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in
FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC. -
TABLE 37 Comparative Comparative Example 1 Example 2 Comparative Example Example Example Example Example Comparative Item Unit R410A HFO-1132E Example 3 1 2 3 4 5 Example 4 HFO-1132E mass % — 100 80 72 70 68 65 62 60 (WCF) HFO-1123 mass % 0 20 28 30 32 35 38 40 (WCF) GWP — 2088 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio % (relative 100 99.7 97.5 96.6 96.3 96.1 95.8 95.4 95.2 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 100 98.3 101.9 103.1 103.4 103.8 104.1 104.5 104.8 capacity ratio to R410A) Discharge Mpa 2.73 2.71 2.89 2.96 2.98 3.00 3.02 3.04 3.06 pressure Burning cm/sec Non- 20 13 10 9 9 8 8 or less 8 or less velocity flammable (WCF) -
TABLE 38 Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 5 Example 6 Example 7 Example 8 Example 9 HFO-1132E mass % 50 48 47.1 46.1 45.1 (WCF) HFO-1123 mass % 50 52 52.9 53.9 54.9 (WCF) GWP — 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio % (relative 94.1 93.9 93.8 93.7 93.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 105.9 106.1 106.2 106.3 106.4 capacity ratio to R410A) Discharge Mpa 3.14 3.16 3.16 3.17 3.18 pressure Leakage test Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ conditions (WCFF) Shipping −40° Shipping −40° Shipping −40° Shipping −40° Shipping −40° C., 92% C., 92% C., 92% C., 92% C., 92% release, release, release, release, release, liquid phase liquid phase liquid phase liquid phase liquid phase side side side side side HFO-1132E mass % 74 73 72 71 70 (WCFF) HFO-1123 mass % 26 27 28 29 30 (WCFF) Burning velocity cm/sec 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less (WCF) Burning velocity cm/sec 11 10.5 10.0 9.5 9.5 (WCFF) ASHRAE flammability 2 2 2L 2L 2L classification Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Example 10 Item Unit Example 7 Example 8 Example 9 HFO-1123 HFO-1132E mass % 43 40 25 0 (WCF) HFO-1123 mass % 57 60 75 100 (WCF) GWP — 1 1 1 1 COP ratio % (relative 93.4 93.1 91.9 90.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 106.6 106.9 107.9 108.0 capacity ratio to R410A) Discharge Mpa 3.20 3.21 3.31 3.39 pressure Leakage test Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ — conditions (WCFF) Shipping −40° Shipping −40° Shipping −40° C., 92% C., 92% C., 90% release, release, release, liquid phase liquid phase liquid phase side side side HFO-1132E mass % 67 63 38 — (WCFF) HFO-1123 mass % 33 37 62 (WCFF) Burning velocity cm/sec 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 5 (WCF) Burning velocity cm/sec 8.5 8 or less 8 or less (WCFF) ASHRAE flammability 2L 2L 2L 2L classification - The compositions each comprising 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire composition are stable while having a low GWP (GWP=1), and they ensure WCF lower flammability. Further, surprisingly, they can ensure performance equivalent to that of R410A. Moreover, compositions each comprising 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire composition are stable while having a low GWP (GWP=1), and they ensure WCFF lower flammability. Further, surprisingly, they can ensure performance equivalent to that of R410A.
- The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure is a composition comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32), and satisfies the following requirements. The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an alternative refrigerant for R410A; i.e. it has a coefficient of performance and a refrigerating capacity that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.
- Preferable refrigerant C is as follows:
- When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
- if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD′, D′ C, and CG that connect the following 6 points:
- point G (0.026a2−1.7478a+72.0, −0.026a2+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0),
point I (0.026a2−1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, −0.026a2+0.7478a+28.0),
point A (0.0134a2−1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, −0.0134a2+0.9681a+31.4),
point B (0.0, 0.0144a2−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a2+0.6377a+41.3),
point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a2+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a2−1.968a+24.6), and
point C (−0.2304a2−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a2−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),
or on the straight lines GI, AB, and D′C (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, point D′, and point C); - if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
- point G (0.02a2−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a2+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0),
point I (0.02a2−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a2+0.6013a+28.895),
point A (0.0112a2−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a2+0.9337a+31.516),
point B (0.0, 0.0075a2−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a2+0.5156a+41.801) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); - if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
- point G (0.0135a2−1.4068a+69.727, −0.0135a2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0),
point I (0.0135a2−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, −0.0135a2+0.4068a+30.273),
point A (0.0107a2−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a2+0.9142a+31.695),
point B (0.0, 0.009a2−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a2+0.6045a+40.682) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); - if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
- point G (0.0111a2−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0),
point I (0.0111a2−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a2+0.3152a+31.014),
point A (0.0103a2−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a2+0.9225a+31.207),
point B (0.0, 0.0046a2−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a2+0.41a+42.714) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); and - if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
- point G (0.0061a2−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a2−0.0082a+36.098, 0.0),
point I (0.0061a2−0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, −0.0061a2−0.0082a+36.098),
point A (0.0085a2−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a2+0.8102a+32.9),
point B (0.0, 0.0012a2−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a2+0.1659a+47.05) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W). When the refrigerant according to the present disclosure satisfies the above requirements, it has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and further ensures a WCF lower flammability. - The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
- if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BD′, D′C, and CJ that connect the following 5 points:
- point J (0.0049a2−0.9645a+47.1, −0.0049a2−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0),
point K′ (0.0514a2−2.4353a+61.7, −0.0323a2+0.4122a+5.9, −0.0191a2+1.0231a+32.4),
point B (0.0, 0.0144a2−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a2+0.6377a+41.3),
point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a2+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a2−1.968a+24.6), and
point C (−0.2304a2−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a2−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),
or on the straight lines JK′, K′B, and D′C (excluding point J, point B, point D′, and point C); - if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:
- point J (0.0243a2−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0),
point K′ (0.0341a2−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a2+0.34a+5.636, −0.0105a2+0.8577a+33.177),
point B (0.0, 0.0075a2−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a2+0.5156a+41.801) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W); - if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:
- point J (0.0246a2−1.4476a+50.184, −0.0246a2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0),
point K′ (0.0196a2−1.7863a+58.515, −0.0079a2−0.1136a+8.702, −0.0117a2+0.8999a+32.783),
point B (0.0, 0.009a2−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a2+0.6045a+40.682) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W); - if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:
- point J (0.0183a2−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a2+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0),
point K′ (−0.0051a2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a2−1.0929a+74.05),
point A (0.0103a2−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a2+0.9225a+31.207),
point B (0.0, 0.0046a2−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a2+0.41a+42.714) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W); and - if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:
- point J (−0.0134a2+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a2−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0),
point K′ (−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557),
point A (0.0085a2−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a2+0.8102a+32.9),
point B (0.0, 0.0012a2−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a2+0.1659a+47.05) and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W). When the refrigerant according to the present disclosure satisfies the above requirements, it has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A. Additionally, the refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability and a WCFF lower flammability, and is classified as “Class 2L,” which is a lower flammable refrigerant according to the ASHRAE standard. - When the refrigerant C according to the present disclosure further contains R32 in addition to HFO-1132 (E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, the refrigerant may be a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
- if 0<a≤10.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4 points:
- point a (0.02a2−2.46a+93.4, 0, −0.02a2+2.46a+6.6),
point b′ (−0.008a2−1.38a+56, 0.018a2−0.53a+26.3, −0.01a2+1.91a+17.7),
point c (−0.016a2+1.02a+77.6, 0.016a2−1.02a+22.4, 0), and
point o (100.0-a, 0.0, 0.0)
or on the straight lines oa, ab′, and b′c (excluding point o and point c); - if 10.0<a≤16.5, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4 points:
- point a (0.0244a2−2.5695a+94.056, 0, −0.0244a2+2.5695a+5.944),
point b′ (0.1161a2−1.9959a+59.749, 0.014a2−0.3399a+24.8, −0.1301a2+2.3358a+15.451),
point c (−0.0161a2+1.02a+77.6, 0.0161a2−1.02a+22.4, 0), and
point o (100.0-a, 0.0, 0.0),
or on the straight lines oa, ab′, and b′c (excluding point o and point c); or - if 16.5<a≤21.8, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4 points:
- point a (0.0161a2−2.3535a+92.742, 0, −0.0161a2+2.3535a+7.258),
point b′ (−0.0435a2−0.0435a+50.406, 0.0304a2+1.8991a−0.0661, 0.0739a2−1.8556a+49.6601),
point c (−0.0161a2+0.9959a+77.851, 0.0161a2−0.9959a+22.149, 0), and
point o (100.0-a, 0.0, 0.0),
or on the straight lines oa, ab′, and b′c (excluding point o and point c). Note that when point b in the ternary composition diagram is defined as a point where a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A and a COP ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A are both achieved, point b′ is the intersection of straight line ab and an approximate line formed by connecting the points where the COP ratio relative to that of R410A is 95%. When the refrigerant according to the present disclosure meets the above requirements, the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A. - The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.
- The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure may comprise HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, 99.75 mass % or more, or 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.
- Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can be widely selected. The mixed refrigerant may contain one additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.
- The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant C. However, the refrigerant C is not limited to the Examples.
- Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 39 to 96.
- The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in WO2015/141678). The refrigerating capacity of compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.
- For each of these mixed refrigerants, the COP ratio and the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to those of R410 were obtained. Calculation was conducted under the following conditions.
- Evaporating temperature: 5° C.
- Condensation temperature: 45° C.
- Superheating temperature: 5 K
- Subcooling temperature: 5 K
- Compressor efficiency: 70%
- Tables 39 to 96 show the resulting values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant. The COP and refrigerating capacity are ratios relative to R410A.
- The coefficient of performance (COP) was determined by the following formula.
-
COP=(refrigerating capacity or heating capacity)/power consumption -
TABLE 39 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Ex. 4 Ex. 5 Ex. 6 Ex. 7 Ex. 8 Ex. 1 Item Unit Ex. 1 A B C D′ G I J K′ HFO-1132(E) Mass % R410A 68.6 0.0 32.9 0.0 72.0 72.0 47.1 61.7 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 58.7 67.1 75.4 28.0 0.0 52.9 5.9 R1234yf Mass % 31.4 41.3 0.0 24.6 0.0 28.0 0.0 32.4 R32 Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 GWP — 2088 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 COP ratio % (relative to 100 100.0 95.5 92.5 93.1 96.6 99.9 93.8 99.4 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 100 85.0 85.0 107.4 95.0 103.1 86.6 106.2 85.5 capacity ratio R410A) -
TABLE 40 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 9 Ex. 10 Ex. 11 Ex. 12 Ex. 13 Ex. 14 Ex. 15 Ex. 2 Item Unit A B C D′ G I J K′ HFO-1132 Mass % 55.3 0.0 18.4 0.0 60.9 60.9 40.5 47.0 (E) HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 47.8 74.5 83.4 32.0 0.0 52.4 7.2 R1234yf Mass % 37.6 45.1 0.0 9.5 0.0 32.0 0.0 38.7 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP — 50 50 49 49 49 50 49 50 COP ratio % 99.8 96.9 92.5 92.5 95.9 99.6 94.0 99.2 (relative to R410A) Refrigerating % 85.0 85.0 110.5 106.0 106.5 87.7 108.9 85.5 capacity ratio (relative to R410A) -
TABLE 41 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. 16 17 18 19 20 21 Ex. 3 Item Unit A B C = D′ G I J K′ HFO-1132(E) Mass % 48.4 0.0 0.0 55.8 55.8 37.0 41.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 42.3 88.9 33.1 0.0 51.9 6.5 R1234yf Mass % 40.5 46.6 0.0 0.0 33.1 0.0 41.4 R32 Mass % 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 GWP — 77 77 76 76 77 76 77 COP ratio % 99.8 97.6 92.5 95.8 99.5 94.2 99.3 (relative to R410A) Refrigerating % 85.0 85.0 112.0 108.0 88.6 110.2 85.4 capacity ratio (relative to R410A) -
TABLE 42 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. 22 23 24 25 26 4 Item Unit A B G I J K′ HFO- Mass % 42.8 0.0 52.1 52.1 34.3 36.5 1132(E) HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 37.8 33.4 0.0 51.2 5.6 R1234yf Mass % 42.7 47.7 0.0 33.4 0.0 43.4 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP — 100 100 99 100 99 100 COP ratio % 99.9 98.1 95.8 99.5 94.4 99.5 (relative to R410A) Refrig- % 85.0 85.0 109.1 89.6 111.1 85.3 erating (relative capacity to ratio R410A) -
TABLE 43 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. 27 28 29 30 31 Ex. 5 Item Unit A B G I J K′ HFO- Mass % 37.0 0.0 48.6 48.6 32.0 32.5 1132(E) HFO- Mass % 0.0 33.1 33.2 0.0 49.8 4.0 1123 R1234yf Mass % 44.8 48.7 0.0 33.2 0.0 45.3 R32 Mass % 18.2 18.2 18.2 18.2 18.2 18.2 GWP — 125 125 124 125 124 125 COP % 100.0 98.6 95.9 99.4 94.7 99.8 ratio (relative to R410A) Refrig- % 85.0 85.0 110.1 90.8 111.9 85.2 erating (relative capacity to ratio R410A) -
TABLE 44 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. 32 33 34 35 36 6 Item Unit A B G I J K′ HFO- Mass % 31.5 0.0 45.4 45.4 30.3 28.8 1132(E) HFO- Mass % 0.0 28.5 32.7 0.0 47.8 2.4 1123 R1234yf Mass % 46.6 49.6 0.0 32.7 0.0 46.9 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP — 150 150 149 150 149 150 COP % 100.2 99.1 96.0 99.4 95.1 100.0 ratio (relative to R410A) Refrig- % 85.0 85.0 111.0 92.1 112.6 85.1 erating (relative capacity to ratio R410A) -
TABLE 45 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. 37 38 39 40 41 42 Item Unit A B G I J K′ HFO- Mass % 24.8 0.0 41.8 41.8 29.1 24.8 1132(E) HFO- Mass % 0.0 22.9 31.5 0.0 44.2 0.0 1123 R1234yf Mass % 48.5 50.4 0.0 31.5 0.0 48.5 R32 Mass % 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 GWP — 182 182 181 182 181 182 COP % 100.4 99.8 96.3 99.4 95.6 100.4 ratio (relative to R410A) Refrig- % 85.0 85.0 111.9 93.8 113.2 85.0 erating (relative capacity to ratio R410A) -
TABLE 46 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. 43 44 45 46 47 48 Item Unit A B G I J K′ HFO- Mass % 21.3 0.0 40.0 40.0 28.8 24.3 1132(E) HFO- Mass % 0.0 19.9 30.7 0.0 41.9 0.0 1123 R1234yf Mass % 49.4 50.8 0.0 30.7 0.0 46.4 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP — 200 200 198 199 198 200 COP % 100.6 100.1 96.6 99.5 96.1 100.4 ratio (relative to R410A) Refrig- % 85.0 85.0 112.4 94.8 113.6 86.7 erating (relative capacity to ratio R410A) -
TABLE 47 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. 49 50 51 52 53 54 Item Unit A B G I J K′ HFO- Mass % 12.1 0.0 35.7 35.7 29.3 22.5 1132(E) HFO- Mass % 0.0 11.7 27.6 0.0 34.0 0.0 1123 R1234yf Mass % 51.2 51.6 0.0 27.6 0.0 40.8 R32 Mass % 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 GWP — 250 250 248 249 248 250 COP % 101.2 101.0 96.4 99.6 97.0 100.4 ratio (relative to R410A) Refrig- % 85.0 85.0 113.2 97.6 113.9 90.9 erating (relative capacity to ratio R410A) -
TABLE 48 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. 55 56 57 58 59 60 Item Unit A B G I J K′ HFO- Mass % 3.8 0.0 32.0 32.0 29.4 21.1 1132(E) HFO- Mass % 0.0 3.9 23.9 0.0 26.5 0.0 1123 R1234yf Mass % 52.1 52.0 0.0 23.9 0.0 34.8 R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP — 300 300 298 299 298 299 COP % 101.8 101.8 97.9 99.8 97.8 100.5 ratio (relative to R410A) Refrig- % 85.0 85.0 113.7 100.4 113.9 94.9 erating (relative capacity to ratio R410A) -
TABLE 49 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. 61 62 63 64 65 Item Unit A = B G I J K′ HFO-1132(E) Mass % 0.0 30.4 30.4 28.9 20.4 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 21.8 0.0 23.3 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 52.2 0.0 21.8 0.0 31.8 R32 Mass % 47.8 47.8 47.8 47.8 47.8 GWP — 325 323 324 323 324 COP ratio % (relative 102.1 98.2 100.0 98.2 100.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.0 113.8 101.8 113.9 96.8 capacity to ratio R410A) -
TABLE 50 Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 66 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 82.9 77.9 72.9 67.9 62.9 57.9 52.9 47.9 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP — 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 COP ratio % (relative 92.4 92.6 92.8 93.1 93.4 93.7 94.1 94.5 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 108.4 108.3 108.2 107.9 107.6 107.2 106.8 106.3 capacity to ratio R410A) -
TABLE 51 Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 14 15 16 17 67 18 19 20 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 72.9 67.9 62.9 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP — 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 COP ratio % (relative 95.0 95.4 95.9 96.4 96.9 93.0 93.3 93.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 105.8 105.2 104.5 103.9 103.1 105.7 105.5 105.2 capacity to ratio R410A) -
TABLE 52 Item Unit Ex. 21 Ex. 22 Ex. 23 Ex. 24 Ex. 25 Ex. 26 Ex. 27 Ex. 28 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 57.9 52.9 47.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP — 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 COP ratio % (relative 93.9 94.2 94.6 95.0 95.5 96.0 96.4 96.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 104.9 104.5 104.1 103.6 103.0 102.4 101.7 101.0 capacity to ratio R410A) -
TABLE 53 Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 68 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 17.9 67.9 62.9 57.9 52.9 47.9 42.9 37.9 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP — 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 COP ratio % (relative 97.4 93.5 93.8 94.1 94.4 94.8 95.2 95.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 100.3 102.9 102.7 102.5 102.1 101.7 101.2 100.7 capacity to ratio R410A) -
TABLE 54 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 36 37 38 39 69 40 41 42 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9 12.9 62.9 57.9 52.9 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP — 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 COP ratio % (relative 96.0 96.5 97.0 97.5 98.0 94.0 94.3 94.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 100.1 99.5 98.9 98.1 97.4 100.1 99.9 99.6 capacity to ratio R410A) -
TABLE 55 Item Unit Ex. 43 Ex. 44 Ex. 45 Ex. 46 Ex. 47 Ex. 48 Ex. 49 Ex. 50 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 47.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9 12.9 R1234yf Mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP — 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 COP ratio % (relative 95.0 95.3 95.7 96.2 96.6 97.1 97.6 98.1 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 99.2 98.8 98.3 97.8 97.2 96.6 95.9 95.2 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 56 Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 70 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 7.9 57.9 52.9 47.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 R1234yf Mass % 20.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP — 49 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 COP ratio % (relative 98.6 94.6 94.9 95.2 95.5 95.9 96.3 96.8 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 94.4 97.1 96.9 96.7 96.3 95.9 95.4 94.8 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 57 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 58 59 60 61 71 62 63 64 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP — 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 COP ratio % (relative 97.2 97.7 98.2 98.7 99.2 95.2 95.5 95.8 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 94.2 93.6 92.9 92.2 91.4 94.2 93.9 93.7 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 58 Item Unit Ex. 65 Ex. 66 Ex. 67 Ex. 68 Ex. 69 Ex. 70 Ex. 71 Ex. 72 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9 12.9 7.9 2.9 R1234yf Mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP — 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 COP ratio % (relative 96.2 96.6 97.0 97.4 97.9 98.3 98.8 99.3 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 93.3 92.9 92.4 91.8 91.2 90.5 89.8 89.1 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 59 Item Unit Ex. 73 Ex. 74 Ex. 75 Ex. 76 Ex. 77 Ex. 78 Ex. 79 Ex. 80 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 47.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9 12.9 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP — 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 COP ratio % (relative 95.9 96.2 96.5 96.9 97.2 97.7 98.1 98.5 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 91.1 90.9 90.6 90.2 89.8 89.3 88.7 88.1 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 60 Item Unit Ex. 81 Ex. 82 Ex. 83 Ex. 84 Ex. 85 Ex. 86 Ex. 87 Ex. 88 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 55.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 7.9 2.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP — 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 COP ratio % (relative 99.0 99.4 96.6 96.9 97.2 97.6 98.0 98.4 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 87.4 86.7 88.0 87.8 87.5 87.1 86.6 86.1 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 61 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Unit Ex. 72 Ex. 73 Ex. 74 Ex. 75 Ex. 76 Ex. 77 Ex. 78 Ex. 79 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 40.0 45.0 50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 12.9 7.9 2.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9 R1234yf Mass % 40.0 40.0 40.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP — 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 COP ratio % (relative 98.8 99.2 99.6 97.4 97.7 98.0 98.3 98.7 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.5 84.9 84.2 84.9 84.6 84.3 83.9 83.5 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 62 Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Unit Ex. 80 Ex. 81 Ex. 82 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 12.9 7.9 2.9 R1234yf Mass % 45.0 45.0 45.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP — 50 50 50 COP ratio % (relative 99.1 99.5 99.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 82.9 82.3 81.7 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 63 Item Unit Ex. 89 Ex. 90 Ex. 91 Ex. 92 Ex. 93 Ex. 94 Ex. 95 Ex. 96 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 70.5 65.5 60.5 55.5 50.5 45.5 40.5 35.5 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP — 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relative 93.7 93.9 94.1 94.4 94.7 95.0 95.4 95.8 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 110.2 110.0 109.7 109.3 108.9 108.4 107.9 107.3 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 64 Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 97 83 98 99 100 101 102 103 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 55.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 30.5 25.5 65.5 60.5 55.5 50.5 45.5 40.5 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP — 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relative 96.2 96.6 94.2 94.4 94.6 94.9 95.2 95.5 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 106.6 106.0 107.5 107.3 107.0 106.6 106.1 105.6 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 65 Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 104 105 106 84 107 108 109 110 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 35.5 30.5 25.5 20.5 60.5 55.5 50.5 45.5 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP — 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relative 95.9 96.3 96.7 97.1 94.6 94.8 95.1 95.4 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 105.1 104.5 103.8 103.1 104.7 104.5 104.1 103.7 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 66 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 111 112 113 114 115 85 116 117 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 10.0 15.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 40.5 35.5 30.5 25.5 20.5 15.5 55.5 50.5 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP — 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relative 95.7 96.0 96.4 96.8 97.2 97.6 95.1 95.3 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 103.3 102.8 102.2 101.6 101.0 100.3 101.8 101.6 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 67 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item Unit 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 86 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 45.5 40.5 35.5 30.5 25.5 20.5 15.5 10.5 R1234yf Mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP — 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relative 95.6 95.9 96.2 96.5 96.9 97.3 97.7 98.2 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 101.2 100.8 100.4 99.9 99.3 98.7 98.0 97.3 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 68 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 50.5 45.5 40.5 35.5 30.5 25.5 20.5 15.5 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP — 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relative 95.6 95.9 96.1 96.4 96.7 97.1 97.5 97.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 98.9 98.6 98.3 97.9 97.4 96.9 96.3 95.7 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 69 Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 133 87 134 135 136 137 138 139 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 55.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.5 5.5 45.5 40.5 35.5 30.5 25.5 20.5 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP — 99 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio % (relative 98.3 98.7 96.2 96.4 96.7 97.0 97.3 97.7 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 95.0 94.3 95.8 95.6 95.2 94.8 94.4 93.8 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 70 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 40.0 45.0 50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 15.5 10.5 5.5 40.5 35.5 30.5 25.5 20.5 R1234yf Mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP — 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio % (relative 98.1 98.5 98.9 96.8 97.0 97.3 97.6 97.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 93.3 92.6 92.0 92.8 92.5 92.2 91.8 91.3 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 71 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 35.0 40.0 45.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 15.5 10.5 5.5 35.5 30.5 25.5 20.5 15.5 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP — 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio % (relative 98.3 98.7 99.1 97.4 97.7 98.0 98.3 98.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 90.8 90.2 89.6 89.6 89.4 89.0 88.6 88.2 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 72 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Unit 156 157 158 159 160 Ex. 88 Ex. 89 Ex. 90 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 35.0 40.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.5 5.5 30.5 25.5 20.5 15.5 10.5 5.5 R1234yf Mass % 40.0 40.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP — 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio % (relative 98.9 99.3 98.1 98.4 98.7 98.9 99.3 99.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 87.6 87.1 86.5 86.2 85.9 85.5 85.0 84.5 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 73 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Unit Ex. 91 Ex. 92 Ex. 93 Ex. 94 Ex. 95 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 25.5 20.5 15.5 10.5 5.5 R1234yf Mass % 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP — 100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio % (relative 98.9 99.1 99.4 99.7 100.0 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 83.3 83.0 82.7 82.2 81.8 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 74 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 63.1 58.1 53.1 48.1 43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP — 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio % (relative 94.8 95.0 95.2 95.4 95.7 95.9 96.2 96.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 111.5 111.2 110.9 110.5 110.0 109.5 108.9 108.3 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 75 Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit Ex. 96 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 58.1 53.1 48.1 43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP — 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio % (relative 96.9 95.3 95.4 95.6 95.8 96.1 96.4 96.7 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 107.7 108.7 108.5 108.1 107.7 107.2 106.7 106.1 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 76 Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 176 Ex. 97 177 178 179 180 181 182 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 45.0 50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 53.1 48.1 43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 10.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP — 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio % (relative 97.0 97.4 95.7 95.9 96.1 96.3 96.6 96.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 105.5 104.9 105.9 105.6 105.3 104.8 104.4 103.8 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 77 Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 183 184 Ex. 98 185 186 187 188 189 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 40.0 45.0 50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 13.1 48.1 43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP — 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio % (relative 97.2 97.5 97.9 96.1 96.3 96.5 96.8 97.1 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 103.3 102.6 102.0 103.0 102.7 102.3 101.9 101.4 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 78 Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 190 191 192 Ex. 99 193 194 195 196 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 13.1 8.1 43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP — 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio % (relative 97.4 97.7 98.0 98.4 96.6 96.8 97.0 97.3 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 100.9 100.3 99.7 99.1 100.0 99.7 99.4 98.9 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 79 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 197 198 199 200 Ex. 100 201 202 203 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 13.1 8.1 3.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP — 149 149 149 149 149 150 150 150 COP ratio % (relative 97.6 97.9 98.2 98.5 98.9 97.1 97.3 97.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 98.5 97.9 97.4 96.8 96.1 97.0 96.7 96.3 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 80 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 13.1 8.1 3.1 33.1 28.1 23.1 R1234yf Mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP — 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 COP ratio % (relative 97.8 98.1 98.4 98.7 99.1 97.7 97.9 98.1 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 95.9 95.4 94.9 94.4 93.8 93.9 93.6 93.3 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 81 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 18.1 13.1 8.1 3.1 28.1 23.1 18.1 13.1 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP — 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 COP ratio % (relative 98.4 98.7 99.0 99.3 98.3 98.5 98.7 99.0 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 92.9 92.4 91.9 91.3 90.8 90.5 90.2 89.7 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 82 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Item Unit 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 Ex. 101 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 30.0 35.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 10.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 8.1 3.1 23.1 18.1 13.1 8.1 3.1 18.1 R1234yf Mass % 40.0 40.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 50.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP — 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 COP ratio % (relative 99.3 99.6 98.9 99.1 99.3 99.6 99.9 99.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 89.3 88.8 87.6 87.3 87.0 86.6 86.2 84.4 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 83 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item Unit 102 103 104 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 15.0 20.0 25.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 13.1 8.1 3.1 R1234yf Mass % 50.0 50.0 50.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP — 150 150 150 COP ratio % (relative 99.8 100.0 100.2 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 84.1 83.8 83.4 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 84 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Item Unit 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 Ex. 105 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 55.7 50.7 45.7 40.7 35.7 30.7 25.7 20.7 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP — 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio % (relative 95.9 96.0 96.2 96.3 96.6 96.8 97.1 97.3 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 112.2 111.9 111.6 111.2 110.7 110.2 109.6 109.0 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 85 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Item Unit 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 Ex. 106 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 50.7 45.7 40.7 35.7 30.7 25.7 20.7 15.7 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP — 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio % (relative 96.3 96.4 96.6 96.8 97.0 97.2 97.5 97.8 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 109.4 109.2 108.8 108.4 107.9 107.4 106.8 106.2 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 86 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item Unit 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 107 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 45.7 40.7 35.7 30.7 25.7 20.7 15.7 10.7 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP — 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio % (relative to 96.7 96.8 97.0 97.2 97.4 97.7 97.9 98.2 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 106.6 106.3 106.0 105.5 105.1 104.5 104.0 103.4 capacity ratio R410A) -
TABLE 87 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item Unit 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 108 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 40.7 35.7 30.7 25.7 20.7 15.7 10.7 5.7 R1234yf Mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP — 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio % (relative to 97.1 97.3 97.5 97.7 97.9 98.1 98.4 98.7 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 103.7 103.4 103.0 102.6 102.2 101.6 101.1 100.5 capacity ratio R410A) -
TABLE 88 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 10.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 35.7 30.7 25.7 20.7 15.7 10.7 5.7 30.7 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP — 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio % (relative to 97.6 97.7 97.9 98.1 98.4 98.6 98.9 98.1 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 100.7 100.4 100.1 99.7 99.2 98.7 98.2 97.7 capacity ratio R410A) -
TABLE 89 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 25.7 20.7 15.7 10.7 5.7 25.7 20.7 15.7 R1234yf Mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP — 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 COP ratio % (relative to 98.2 98.4 98.6 98.9 99.1 98.6 98.7 98.9 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 97.4 97.1 96.7 96.2 95.7 94.7 94.4 94.0 capacity ratio R410A) -
TABLE 90 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 10.0 15.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.7 5.7 20.7 15.7 10.7 5.7 15.7 10.7 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 45.0 45.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP — 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 COP ratio % (relative to 99.2 99.4 99.1 99.3 99.5 99.7 99.7 99.8 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 93.6 93.2 91.5 91.3 90.9 90.6 88.4 88.1 capacity ratio R410A) -
TABLE 91 Item Unit Ex. 279 Ex. 280 Comp. Ex. 109 Comp. Ex. 110 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 10.0 15.0 10.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 5.7 10.7 5.7 5.7 R1234yf Mass % 45.0 50.0 50.0 55.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP — 200 200 200 200 COP ratio % (relative to R410A) 100.0 100.3 100.4 100.9 Refrigerating % (relative to R410A) 87.8 85.2 85.0 82.0 capacity ratio -
TABLE 92 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 281 282 283 284 285 111 286 287 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 10.0 15.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 40.9 35.9 30.9 25.9 20.9 15.9 35.9 30.9 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP — 298 298 298 298 298 298 299 299 COP ratio % (relative to 97.8 97.9 97.9 98.1 98.2 98.4 98.2 98.2 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 112.5 112.3 111.9 111.6 111.2 110.7 109.8 109.5 capacity ratio R410A) -
TABLE 93 Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 288 289 290 112 291 292 293 294 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 25.9 20.9 15.9 10.9 30.9 25.9 20.9 15.9 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP — 299 299 299 299 299 299 299 299 COP ratio % (relative to 98.3 98.5 98.6 98.8 98.6 98.6 98.7 98.9 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 109.2 108.8 108.4 108.0 107.0 106.7 106.4 106.0 capacity ratio R410A) -
TABLE 94 Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 295 113 296 297 298 299 300 301 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 30.0 35.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 10.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.9 5.9 25.9 20.9 15.9 10.9 5.9 20.9 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 25.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP — 299 299 299 299 299 299 299 299 COP ratio % (relative to 99.0 99.2 99.0 99.0 99.2 99.3 99.4 99.4 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 105.6 105.2 104.1 103.9 103.6 103.2 102.8 101.2 capacity ratio R410A) -
TABLE 95 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 15.0 20.0 25.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 10.0 15.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 15.9 10.9 5.9 15.9 10.9 5.9 10.9 5.9 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP — 299 299 299 299 299 299 299 299 COP ratio % (relative to 99.5 99.6 99.7 99.8 99.9 100.0 100.3 100.4 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 101.0 100.7 100.3 98.3 98.0 97.8 95.3 95.1 capacity ratio R410A) -
TABLE 96 Item Unit Ex. 400 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 5.9 R1234yf Mass % 40.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 GWP — 299 COP ratio % (relative 100.7 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 92.3 capacity ratio to R410A) - The above results indicate that the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410A is 85% or more in the following cases:
- When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass %, a straight line connecting a point (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0-a) is the base, and the point (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0) is on the left side, if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0134a2−1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, −0.0134a2+0.9681a+31.4) and point B (0.0, 0.0144a2−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a2+0.6377a+41.3);
- if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0112a2−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a2+0.9337a+31.516) and point B (0.0, 0.0075a2−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a2+0.5156a+41.801);
- if 18.2a<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0107a2−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a2+0.9142a+31.695) and point B (0.0, 0.009a2−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a2+0.6045a+40.682);
- if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0103a2−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a2+0.9225a+31.207) and point B (0.0, 0.0046a2−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a2+0.41a+42.714); and
- if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0085a2−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a2+0.8102a+32.9) and point B (0.0, 0.0012a2−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a2+0.1659a+47.05).
- Actual points having a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more form a curved line that connects point A and point B in
FIG. 3 , and that extends toward the 1234yf side. Accordingly, when coordinates are on, or on the left side of, the straight line AB, the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410A is 85% or more. - Similarly, it was also found that in the ternary composition diagram, if 0<a≤11.1, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on, or on the left side of, a straight line D′C that connects point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a2+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a2−1.968a+24.6) and point C (−0.2304a2−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a2−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0); or if 11.1<a≤46.7, when coordinates are in the entire region, the COP ratio relative to that of R410A is 92.5% or more.
- In
FIG. 3 , the COP ratio of 92.5% or more forms a curved line CD. InFIG. 3 , an approximate line formed by connecting three points: point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0) and points (26.6, 68.4, 5) (19.5, 70.5, 10) where the COP ratio is 92.5% when the concentration of R1234yf is 5 mass % and 10 mass was obtained, and a straight line that connects point C and - point D′ (0, 75.4, 24.6), which is the intersection of the approximate line and a point where the concentration of HFO-1132(E) is 0.0 mass % was defined as a line segment D′C. In
FIG. 4 , point D′(0, 83.4, 9.5) was similarly obtained from an approximate curve formed by connecting point C (18.4, 74.5, 0) and points (13.9, 76.5, 2.5) (8.7, 79.2, 5) where the COP ratio is 92.5%, and a straight line that connects point C and point D′ was defined as the straight line D′C. - The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the
ASHRAE Standard 34−2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF. - For the flammability, the burning velocity was measured according to the ANSI/
ASHRAE Standard 34−2013. Both WCF and WCFF having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be classified as “Class 2L (lower flammability).” - A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in
FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC. - The results are shown in Tables 97 to 104.
-
TABLE 97 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 6 Ex. 13 Ex. 19 Ex. 24 Ex. 29 Ex. 34 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 72.0 60.9 55.8 52.1 48.6 45.4 HFO-1123 Mass % 28.0 32.0 33.1 33.4 33.2 32.7 R1234yf Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 R32 Mass % 0.0 7.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 21.9 Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10 -
TABLE 98 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 39 Ex. 45 Ex. 51 Ex. 57 Ex. 62 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 41.8 40 35.7 32 30.4 HFO-1123 Mass % 31.5 30.7 23.6 23.9 21.8 R1234yf Mass % 0 0 0 0 0 R32 Mass % 26.7 29.3 36.7 44.1 47.8 Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 -
TABLE 99 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 7 Ex. 14 Ex. 20 Ex. 25 Ex. 30 Ex. 35 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 72.0 60.9 55.8 52.1 48.6 45.4 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 R1234yf Mass % 28.0 32.0 33.1 33.4 33.2 32.7 R32 Mass % 0.0 7.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 21.9 Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10 -
TABLE 100 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 40 Ex. 46 Ex. 52 Ex. 58 Ex. 63 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 41.8 40 35.7 32 30.4 HFO-1123 Mass % 0 0 0 0 0 R1234yf Mass % 31.5 30.7 23.6 23.9 21.8 R32 Mass % 26.7 29.3 36.7 44.1 47.8 Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 -
TABLE 101 Item Comp. Ex. 8 Comp. Ex. 15 Comp. Ex. 21 Comp. Ex. 26 Comp. Ex. 31 Comp. Ex. 36 WCF HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 47.1 40.5 37.0 34.3 32.0 30.3 HFO-1123 Mass % 52.9 52.4 51.9 51.2 49.8 47.8 R1234yf Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R32 Mass % 0.0 7.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 21.9 Leak condition that results Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ in WCFF Shipping −40° C., Shipping −40° C., Shipping −40° C., Shipping −40° C., Shipping −40° C., Shipping −40° C., 92% release, 92% release, 92% release, 92% release, 92% release, 92% release, liquid phase liquid phase liquid phase liquid phase liquid phase liquid phase side side side side side side WCFF HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 72.0 62.4 56.2 50.6 45.1 40.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 28.0 31.6 33.0 33.4 32.5 30.5 R1234yf Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.4 0.0 0.0 R32 Mass % 0.0 50.9 10.8 16.0 22.4 29.5 Burning velocity cm/ s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less (WCF) Burning velocity cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10 (WCFF) -
TABLE 102 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 41 Ex. 47 Ex. 53 Ex. 59 Ex. 64 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 29.1 28.8 29.3 29.4 28.9 HFO-1123 Mass % 44.2 41.9 34.0 26.5 23.3 R1234yf Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R32 Mass % 26.7 29.3 36.7 44.1 47.8 Leak condition that results Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ in WCFF Shipping −40° Shipping −40° Shipping −40° Shipping −40° Shipping −40° C., 92% release, C., 92% release, C., 92% release, C., 90% release, C., 86% release, liquid phase liquid phase liquid phase gas phase gas phase side side side side side WCFF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 34.6 32.2 27.7 28.3 27.5 HFO-1123 Mass % 26.5 23.9 17.5 18.2 16.7 R1234yf Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R32 Mass % 38.9 43.9 54.8 53.5 55.8 Burning velocity cm/ s 8 or less 8 or less 8.3 9.3 9.6 (WCF) Burning velocity cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 (WCFF) -
TABLE 103 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 9 Ex. 16 Ex. 22 Ex. 27 Ex. 32 Ex. 37 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 61.7 47.0 41.0 36.5 32.5 28.8 HFO-1123 Mass % 5.9 7.2 6.5 5.6 4.0 2.4 R1234yf Mass % 32.4 38.7 41.4 43.4 45.3 46.9 R32 Mass % 0.0 7.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 21.9 Leak condition that results Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ in WCFF Shipping −40° Shipping −40° Shipping −40° Shipping −40° Shipping −40° Shipping −40° C., 0% release, C., 0% release, C., 0% release, C., 92% release, C., 0% release, C., 0% release, gas phase gas phase gas phase liquid gas phase gas phase side side side phase side side side WCFF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 72.0 56.2 50.4 46.0 42.4 39.1 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.5 12.6 11.4 10.1 7.4 4.4 R1234yf Mass % 17.5 20.4 21.8 22.9 24.3 25.7 R32 Mass % 0.0 10.8 16.3 21.0 25.9 30.8 Burning velocity cm/ s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less (WCF) Burning velocity cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10 (WCFF) -
TABLE 104 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 42 Ex. 48 Ex. 54 Ex. 60 Ex. 65 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 24.8 24.3 22.5 21.1 20.4 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 48.5 46.4 40.8 34.8 31.8 R32 Mass % 26.7 29.3 36.7 44.1 47.8 Leak conditions that results Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ in WCFF Shipping −40° Shipping −40° Shipping −40° Shipping −40° Shipping −40° C., 0% release, C., 0% release, C., 0% release, C., 0% release, C., 0% release, gas phase gas phase gas phase gas phase gas phase side side side side side WCFF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 35.3 34.3 31.3 29.1 28.1 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 27.4 26.2 23.1 19.8 18.2 R32 Mass % 37.3 39.6 45.6 51.1 53.7 Burning velocity cm/ s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less (WCF) Burning velocity cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 (WCFF) - The results in Tables 97 to 100 indicate that the refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability in the following cases:
- When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass % and a straight line connecting a point (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0-a) is the base, if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.026a2−1.7478a+72.0, −0.026a2+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0) and point I (0.026a2−1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, −0.026a2+0.7478a+28.0);
- if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.02a2−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a2+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0) and point I (0.02a2−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a2+0.6013a+28.895); if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.0135a2−1.4068a+69.727, −0.0135a2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0) and point I (0.0135a2−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, −0.0135a2+0.4068a+30.273); if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.0111a2−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0) and point I (0.0111a2−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a2+0.3152a+31.014); and if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.0061a2−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a2−0.0082a+36.098, 0.0) and point I (0.0061a2−0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, −0.0061a2−0.0082a+36.098).
- Three points corresponding to point G (Table 105) and point I (Table 106) were individually obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained.
-
TABLE 105 Item 11.1 ≥ R32 > 0 18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1 26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2 R32 0 7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 72.0 60.9 55.8 55.8 52.1 48.6 48.6 45.4 41.8 HFO-1123 28.0 32.0 33.1 33.1 33.4 33.2 33.2 32.7 31.5 R1234yf 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R32 a a a HFO-1132(E) 0.026a2 − 1.7478a + 72.0 0.02a2 − 1.6013a + 71.105 0.0135a2 − 1.4068a + 69.727 Approximate expression HFO-1123 −0.026a2 + 0.7478a + 28.0 −0.02a2 + 0.6013a + 28.895 −0.0135a2 + 0.4068a + 30.273 Approximate expression R1234yf 0 0 0 Approximate expression Item 36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7 46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8 HFO-1132(E) 41.8 40.0 35.7 35.7 32.0 30.4 HFO-1123 31.5 30.7 27.6 27.6 23.9 21.8 R1234yf 0 0 0 0 0 0 R32 a a HFO-1132(E) 0.0111a2 − 1.3152a + 68.986 0.0061a2 − 0.9918a + 63.902 Approximate expression HFO-1123 −0.0111a2 + 0.3152a + 31.014 −0.0061a2 − 0.0082a + 36.098 Approximate expression R1234yf 0 0 Approximate expression -
TABLE 106 Item 11.1 ≥ R32 > 0 18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1 26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2 R32 0 7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 72.0 60.9 55.8 55.8 52.1 48.6 48.6 45.4 41.8 HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R1234yf 28.0 32.0 33.1 33.1 33.4 33.2 33.2 32.7 31.5 R32 a a a HFO-1132(E) 0.026a2 − 1.7478a + 72.0 0.02a2 − 1.6013a + 71.105 0.0135a2 − 1.4068a + 69.727 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0 0 0 Approximate expression R1234yf −0.026a2 + 0.7478a + 28.0 −0.02a2 + 0.6013a + 28.895 −0.0135a2 + 0.4068a + 30.273 Approximate expression Item 36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7 46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8 HFO-1132(E) 41.8 40.0 35.7 35.7 32.0 30.4 HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 0 R1234yf 31.5 30.7 23.6 23.6 23.5 21.8 R32 x x HFO-1132(E) 0.0111a2 − 1.3152a + 68.986 0.0061a2 − 0.9918a + 63.902 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0 0 Approximate expression R1234yf −0.0111a2 + 0.3152a + 31.014 −0.0061a2 − 0.0082a + 36.098 Approximate expression - The results in Tables 101 to 104 indicate that the refrigerant is determined to have a WCFF lower flammability, and the flammability classification according to the ASHRAE Standard is “2L (flammability)” in the following cases:
- When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass % and a straight line connecting a point (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0-a) is the base, if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0049a2−0.9645a+47.1, −0.0049a2−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0) and point K′(0.0514a2−2.4353a+61.7, −0.0323a2+0.4122a+5.9, −0.0191a2+1.0231a+32.4); if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates are on a straight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0243a2−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0) and point K′(0.0341a2−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a2+0.34a+5.636, −0.0105a2+0.8577a+33.177); if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0246a2−1.4476a+50.184, −0.0246a2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0) and point K′ (0.0196a2−1.7863a+58.515, −0.0079a2−0.1136a+8.702, −0.0117a2+0.8999a+32.783); if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0183a2−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a2+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0) and point K′ (−0.0051a2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a2−1.0929a+74.05); and if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J (−0.0134a2+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a2−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0) and point K′(−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557).
- Actual points having a WCFF lower flammability form a curved line that connects point J and point K′ (on the straight line AB) in
FIG. 3 and extends toward the HFO-1132(E) side. Accordingly, when coordinates are on or below the straight line JK′, WCFF lower flammability is achieved. - Three points corresponding to point J (Table 107) and point K′ (Table 108) were individually obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained.
-
TABLE 107 Item 11.1 ≥ R32 > 0 18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1 26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2 R32 0 7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 47.1 40.5 37 37.0 34.3 32.0 32.0 30.3 29.1 HFO-1123 52.9 52.4 51.9 51.9 51.2 49.8 49.8 47.8 44.2 R1234yf 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R32 a a a HFO-1132(E) 0.0049a2 − 0.9645a + 47.1 0.0243a2 − 1.4161a + 49.725 0.0246a2 − 1.4476a + 50.184 Approximate expression HFO-1123 −0.0049a2 − 0.0355a + 52.9 −0.0243a2 + 0.4161a + 50.275 −0.0246a2 + 0.4476a + 49.816 Approximate expression R1234yf 0 0 0 Approximate expression Item 36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7 47.8 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8 HFO-1132(E) 29.1 28.8 29.3 29.3 29.4 28.9 HFO-1123 44.2 41.9 34.0 34.0 26.5 23.3 R1234yf 0 0 0 0 0 0 R32 a a HFO-1132(E) 0.0183a2 − 1.1399a + 46.493 −0.0134a2 + 1.0956a + 7.13 Approximate expression HFO-1123 −0.0183a2 + 0.1399a + 53.507 0.0134a2 − 2.0956a + 92.87 Approximate expression R1234yf 0 0 Approximate expression -
TABLE 108 Item 11.1 ≥ R32 > 0 18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1 26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2 R32 0 7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 61.7 47.0 41.0 41.0 36.5 32.5 32.5 28.8 24.8 HFO-1123 5.9 7.2 6.5 6.5 5.6 4.0 4.0 2.4 0 R1234yf 32.4 38.7 41.4 41.4 43.4 45.3 45.3 46.9 48.5 R32 x x x HFO-1132(E) 0.0514a2 − 2.4353a + 61.7 0.0341a2 − 2.1977a + 61.187 0.0196a2 − 1.7863a + 58.515 Approximate expression HFO-1123 −0.0323a2 + 0.4122a + 5.9 −0.0236a2 + 0.34a + 5.636 −0.0079a2 − 0.1136a + 8.702 Approximate expression R1234yf −0.0191a2 + 1.0231a + 32.4 −0.0105a2 + 0.8577a + 33.177 −0.0117a2 + 0.8999a + 32.783 Approximate expression Item 36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7 46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8 HFO-1132(E) 24.8 24.3 22.5 22.5 21.1 20.4 HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 0 R1234yf 48.5 46.4 40.8 40.8 34.8 31.8 R32 x x HFO-1132(E) −0.0051a2 + 0.0929a + 25.95 −1.892a + 29.443 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0 0 Approximate expression R1234yf 0.0051a2 − 1.0929a + 74.05 0.892a + 70.557 Approximate expression -
FIGS. 3 to 13 show compositions whose R32 content a (mass %) is 0 mass %, 7.1 mass %, 11.1 mass %, 14.5 mass %, 18.2 mass %, 21.9 mass %, 26.7 mass %, 29.3 mass %, 36.7 mass %, 44.1 mass %, and 47.8 mass %, respectively. - Points A, B, C, and D′ were obtained in the following manner according to approximate calculation.
- Point A is a point where the content of HFO-1123 is 0 mass %, and a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% relative to that of R410A is achieved. Three points corresponding to point A were obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 109).
-
TABLE 109 Item 11.1 ≥ R32 > 0 18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1 26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2 R32 0 7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 68.6 55.3 48.4 48.4 42.8 37 37 31.5 24.8 HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R1234yf 31.4 37.6 40.5 40.5 42.7 44.8 44.8 46.6 48.5 R32 a a a HFO-1132(E) 0.0134a2 − 1.9681a + 68.6 0.0112a2 − 1.9337a + 68.484 0.0107a2 − 1.9142a + 68.305 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0 0 0 Approximate expression R1234yf −0.0134a2 + 0.9681a + 31.4 −0.0112a2 + 0.9337a + 31.516 −0.0107a2 + 0.9142a + 31.695 Approximate expression Item 36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7 46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8 HFO-1132(E) 24.8 21.3 12.1 12.1 3.8 0 HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 0 R1234yf 48.5 49.4 51.2 51.2 52.1 52.2 R32 a a HFO-1132(E) 0.0103a2 − 1.9225a + 68.793 0.0085a2 − 1.8102a + 67.1 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0 0 Approximate expression R1234yf −0.0103a2 + 0.9225a + 31.207 −0.0085a2 + 0.8102a + 32.9 Approximate expression - Point B is a point where the content of HFO-1132(E) is 0 mass %, and a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% relative to that of R410A is achieved.
- Three points corresponding to point B were obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 110).
-
TABLE 110 Item 11.1 ≥ R32 > 0 18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1 26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2 R32 0 7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 HFO-1123 58.7 47.8 42.3 42.3 37.8 33.1 33.1 28.5 22.9 R1234yf 41.3 45.1 46.6 46.6 47.7 48.7 48.7 49.6 50.4 R32 a a a HFO-1132(E) 0 0 0 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0.0144a2 − 1.6377a + 58.7 0.0075a2 − 1.5156a + 58.199 0.009a2 − 1.6045a + 59.318 Approximate expression R1234yf −0.0144a2 + 0.6377a + 41.3 −0.0075a2 + 0.5156a + 41.801 −0.009a2 + 0.6045a + 40.682 Approximate expression Item 36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7 46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8 HFO-1132(E) 0 0 0 0 0 0 HFO-1123 22.9 19.9 11.7 11.8 3.9 0 R1234yf 50.4 50.8 51.6 51.5 52.0 52.2 R32 a a HFO-1132(E) 0 0 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0.0046a2 − 1.41a + 57.286 0.0012a2 − 1.1659a + 52.95 Approximate expression R1234yf −0.0046a2 + 0.41a + 42.714 −0.0012a2 + 0.1659a + 47.05 Approximate expression - Point D′ is a point where the content of HFO-1132(E) is 0 mass %, and a COP ratio of 95.5% relative to that of R410A is achieved.
- Three points corresponding to point D′ were obtained in each of the following by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 111).
-
TABLE 111 Item 11.1 ≥ R32 > 0 R32 0 7.1 11.1 HFO-1132(E) 0 0 0 HFO-1123 75.4 83.4 88.9 R1234yf 24.6 9.5 0 R32 a HFO-1132(E) 0 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0.0224a2 + 0.968a + 75.4 Approximate expression R1234yf −0.0224a2 − 1.968a + 24.6 Approximate expression - Point C is a point where the content of R1234yf is 0 mass %, and a COP ratio of 95.5% relative to that of R410A is achieved.
- Three points corresponding to point C were obtained in each of the following by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 112).
-
TABLE 112 Item 11.1 ≥ R32 > 0 R32 0 7.1 11.1 HFO-1132(E) 32.9 18.4 0 HFO-1123 67.1 74.5 88.9 R1234yf 0 0 0 R32 a HFO-1132(E) −0.2304a2 − 0.4062a + 32.9 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0.2304a2 − 0.5938a + 67.1 Approximate expression R1234yf 0 Approximate expression - The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).
- The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant; i.e., a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of R410A, a sufficiently low GWP, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.
- The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:
- point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI); - the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.0236y2−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y2+0.7616y+28.0);
- the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y2−1.9003y+58.3, y, −0.012y2+0.9003y+41.7); and
- the line segments JN and EI are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.
- The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM′, M′N, NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5 points:
- point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),
point M′ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),
point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and
point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM); - the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y2−3.34y+52.6, y, −0.132y2+2.34y+47.4);
- the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates (0.0596y2−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y2+1.2541y+51.02);
- the line segment VG is represented by coordinates (0.0123y2−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y2+0.8033y+60.4); and
- the line segments NV and GM are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 70% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.
- The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3 points:
- point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),
or on these line segments; - the line segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y2−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y2−0.3299y+62.488);
- the line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y2−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y2+0.7403y+43.365); and
- the line segment UO is a straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 250 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.
- The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points:
- point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),
point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and
point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),
or on these line segments; - the line segment QR is represented by coordinates (0.0099y2−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y2+0.975y+15.235);
- the line segment RT is represented by coordinates (0.0082y2−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y2+0.8683y+16.874);
- the line segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y2−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y2−0.1158y+38.512);
- the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates (0.0095y2−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y2+0.2222y+32.324); and
- the line segment TL is a straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.
- The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:
- point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),
point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
or on these line segments; - the line segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y2−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y2−0.2897y+59.9);
- the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (0.0082y2−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y2+0.8683y+16.874); and
- the line segment TP is a straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.
- The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ac, cf, fd, and da that connect the following 4 points:
- point a (71.1, 0.0, 28.9),
point c (36.5, 18.2, 45.3),
point f (47.6, 18.3, 34.1), and
point d (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
or on these line segments; - the line segment ac is represented by coordinates (0.0181y2−2.2288y+71.096, y, −0.0181y2+1.2288y+28.904);
- the line segment fd is represented by coordinates (0.02y2−1.7y+72, y, −0.02y2+0.7y+28); and
- the line segments cf and da are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.
- The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ab, be, ed, and da that connect the following 4 points:
- point a (71.1, 0.0, 28.9),
point b (42.6, 14.5, 42.9),
point e (51.4, 14.6, 34.0), and
point d (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
or on these line segments; - the line segment ab is represented by coordinates (0.0181y2−2.2288y+71.096, y, −0.0181y2+1.2288y+28.904);
- the line segment ed is represented by coordinates (0.02y2−1.7y+72, y, −0.02y2+0.7y+28); and
- the line segments be and da are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 100 or less, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.
- The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments gi, ij, and jg that connect the following 3 points:
- point g (77.5, 6.9, 15.6),
point i (55.1, 18.3, 26.6), and
point j (77.5. 18.4, 4.1),
or on these line segments; - the line segment gi is represented by coordinates (0.02y2−2.4583y+93.396, y, −0.02y2+1.4583y+6.604); and
- the line segments ij and jg are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to R410A and a GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or no changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and also has excellent stability.
- The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments gh, hk, and kg that connect the following 3 points:
- point g (77.5, 6.9, 15.6),
point h (61.8, 14.6, 23.6), and
point k (77.5, 14.6, 7.9),
or on these line segments; - the line segment gh is represented by coordinates (0.02y2−2.4583y+93.396, y, −0.02y2+1.4583y+6.604); and
- the line segments hk and kg are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to R410A and a GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or no changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and also has excellent stability.
- The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant.
- Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.
- The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant D. However, the refrigerant D is not limited to the Examples.
- The composition of each mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using the NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the
ASHRAE Standard 34−2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF. - A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in
FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC. Tables 113 to 115 show the results. -
TABLE 113 Comparative Example Example Example Example 13 Example 12 Example 14 Example 16 Item Unit I 11 J 13 K 15 L WCF HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 72 57.2 48.5 41.2 35.6 32 28.9 R32 Mass % 0 10 18.3 27.6 36.8 44.2 51.7 R1234yf Mass % 28 32.8 33.2 31.2 27.6 23.8 19.4 Burning Velocity cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 (WCF) -
TABLE 114 Comparative Example Example Example 14 Example 19 Example 21 Example Item Unit M 18 W 20 N 22 WCF HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 52.6 39.2 32.4 29.3 27.7 24.6 R32 Mass % 0.0 5.0 10.0 14.5 18.2 27.6 R1234yf Mass % 47.4 55.8 57.6 56.2 54.1 47.8 Leak condition that results Storage, Storage, Storage, Storage, Storage, Storage, in WCFF Shipping, −40° Shipping, −40° Shipping, −40° Shipping, −40° Shipping, −40° Shipping, −40° C., 0% release, C., 0% release, C., 0% release, C., 0% release, C., 0% release, C., 0% release, on the gas on the gas on the gas on the gas on the gas on the gas phase side phase side phase side phase side phase side phase side WCF HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 72.0 57.8 48.7 43.6 40.6 34.9 R32 Mass % 0.0 9.5 17.9 24.2 28.7 38.1 R1234yf Mass % 28.0 32.7 33.4 32.2 30.7 27.0 Burning Velocity cm/ s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less (WCF) Burning Velocity cm/ s 10 10 10 10 10 10 (WCFF) -
TABLE 115 Example Example 23 Example 25 Item Unit O 24 P WCF HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 22.6 21.2 20.5 HFO-1123 Mass % 36.8 44.2 51.7 R1234yf Mass % 40.6 34.6 27.8 Leak condition that results Storage, Storage, Storage, in WCFF Shipping, −40° C., Shipping, −40° C., Shipping, −40° C., 0% release, 0% release, 0% release, on the gas on the gas on the gas phase side phase side phase side WCFF HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 31.4 29.2 27.1 HFO-1123 Mass % 45.7 51.1 56.4 R1234yf Mass % 23.0 19.7 16.5 Burning Velocity cm/ s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less (WCF) Burning Velocity cm/ s 10 10 10 (WCFF) - The results indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram shown in
FIG. 14 in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are on the line segment that connects point I, point J, point K, and point L, or below these line segments, the refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability. - The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram shown in
FIG. 14 are on the line segments that connect point M, point M′, point W, point J, point N, and point P, or below these line segments, the refrigerant has an ASHRAE lower flammability. - Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf in amounts (mass %) shown in Tables 116 to 144 based on the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf. The coefficient of performance (COP) ratio and the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410 of the mixed refrigerants shown in Tables 116 to 144 were determined. The conditions for calculation were as described below.
- Evaporating temperature: 5° C.
- Condensation temperature: 45° C.
- Degree of superheating: 5 K
- Degree of subcooling: 5 K
- Compressor efficiency: 70%
- Tables 116 to 144 show these values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant.
-
TABLE 116 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Example 7 Item Unit Example 1 A B A′ B′ A″ B″ HFO-1132(E) Mass % 81.6 0.0 63.1 0.0 48.2 0.0 R32 Mass % R410A 18.4 18.1 36.9 36.7 51.8 51.5 R1234yf Mass % 0.0 81.9 0.0 63.3 0.0 48.5 GWP — 2088 125 125 250 250 350 350 COP Ratio % (relative 100 98.7 103.6 98.7 102.3 99.2 102.2 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 100 105.3 62.5 109.9 77.5 112.1 87.3 Capacity Ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 117 Comparative Comparative Example Example Example 8 Comparative Example 10 Example 2 Example 4 Item Unit C Example 9 C′ 1 R 3 T HFO-1132(E) Mass % 85.5 66.1 52.1 37.8 25.5 16.6 8.6 R32 Mass % 0.0 10.0 18.2 27.6 36.8 44.2 51.6 R1234yf Mass % 14.5 23.9 29.7 34.6 37.7 39.2 39.8 GWP — 1 69 125 188 250 300 350 COP Ratio % (relative 99.8 99.3 99.3 99.6 100.2 100.8 101.4 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 Capacity Ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 118 Comparative Example Example Comparative Example Example 11 Example 6 Example 8 Example 12 Example 10 Item Unit E 5 N 7 U G 9 V HFO-1132(E) Mass % 58.3 40.5 27.7 14.9 3.9 39.6 22.8 11.0 R32 Mass % 0.0 10.0 18.2 27.6 36.7 0.0 10.0 18.1 R1234yf Mass % 41.7 49.5 54.1 57.5 59.4 60.4 67.2 70.9 GWP — 2 70 125 189 250 3 70 125 COP Ratio % (relative 100.3 100.3 100.7 101.2 101.9 101.4 101.8 102.3 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 Capacity Ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 119 Comparative Example Example Example Example Example 13 Example 12 Example 14 Example 16 17 Item Unit I 11 J 13 K 15 L Q HFO-1132(E) Mass % 72.0 57.2 48.5 41.2 35.6 32.0 28.9 44.6 R32 Mass % 0.0 10.0 18.3 27.6 36.8 44.2 51.7 23.0 R1234yf Mass % 28.0 32.8 33.2 31.2 27.6 23.8 19.4 32.4 GWP — 2 69 125 188 250 300 350 157 COP Ratio % (relative 99.9 99.5 99.4 99.5 99.6 99.8 100.1 99.4 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 86.6 88.4 90.9 94.2 97.7 100.5 103.3 92.5 Capacity Ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 120 Comparative Example Example Example 14 Example 19 Example 21 Example Item Unit M 18 W 20 N 22 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 52.6 39.2 32.4 29.3 27.7 24.5 R32 Mass % 0.0 5.0 10.0 14.5 18.2 27.6 R1234yf Mass % 47.4 55.8 57.6 56.2 54.1 47.9 GWP — 2 36 70 100 125 188 COP Ratio % (relative 100.5 100.9 100.9 100.8 100.7 100.4 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 77.1 74.8 75.6 77.8 80.0 85.5 Capacity Ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 121 Example Example Example 23 Example 25 26 Item Unit O 24 P S HFO-1132(E) Mass % 22.6 21.2 20.5 21.9 R32 Mass % 36.8 44.2 51.7 39.7 R1234yf Mass % 40.6 34.6 27.8 38.4 GWP 250 300 350 270 COP Ratio % (relative 100.4 100.5 100.6 100.4 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 91.0 95.0 99.1 92.5 Capacity Ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 122 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Example Example Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 15 Example 16 Example 17 Example 18 27 28 Example 19 Example 20 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 R32 Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 R1234yf Mass % 85.0 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 GWP — 37 37 37 36 36 36 35 35 COP Ratio % (relative 103.4 102.6 101.6 100.8 100.2 99.8 99.6 99.4 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 56.4 63.3 69.5 75.2 80.5 85.4 90.1 94.4 Capacity Ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 123 Comparative Comparative Example Comparative Example Comparative Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 21 Example 22 29 Example 23 30 Example 24 Example 25 Example 26 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 R32 Mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 R1234yf Mass % 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 GWP — 71 71 70 70 70 69 69 69 COP Ratio % (relative 103.1 102.1 101.1 100.4 99.8 99.5 99.2 99.1 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 61.8 68.3 74.3 79.7 84.9 89.7 94.2 98.4 Capacity Ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 124 Comparative Example Comparative Example Example Comparative Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 27 31 Example 28 32 33 Example 29 Example 30 Example 31 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 R32 Mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 R1234yf Mass % 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 GWP — 104 104 104 103 103 103 103 102 COP Ratio % (relative 102.7 101.6 100.7 100.0 99.5 99.2 99.0 98.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 66.6 72.9 78.6 84.0 89.0 93.7 98.1 102.2 Capacity Ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 125 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 32 Example 33 Example 34 Example 35 Example 36 Example 37 Example 38 Example 39 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 25.0 R1234yf Mass % 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 65.0 GWP — 138 138 137 137 137 136 136 171 COP Ratio % (relative 102.3 101.2 100.4 99.7 99.3 99.0 98.8 101.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 71.0 77.1 82.7 88.0 92.9 97.5 101.7 75.0 Capacity Ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 126 Example Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Example Item Unit 34 Example 40 Example 41 Example 42 Example 43 Example 44 Example 45 35 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 10.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 R1234yf Mass % 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 60.0 50.0 GWP — 171 171 171 170 170 170 205 205 COP Ratio % (relative 100.9 100.1 99.6 99.2 98.9 98.7 101.6 100.7 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 81.0 86.6 91.7 96.5 101.0 105.2 78.9 84.8 Capacity Ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 127 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Example Example Example Comparative Item Unit Example 46 Example 47 Example 48 Example 49 36 37 38 Example 50 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 R32 Mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 R1234yf Mass % 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 GWP — 204 204 204 204 239 238 238 238 COP Ratio % (relative 100.0 99.5 99.1 98.8 101.4 100.6 99.9 99.4 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 90.2 95.3 100.0 104.4 82.5 88.3 93.7 98.6 Capacity Ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 128 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Example Comparative Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 51 Example 52 Example 53 Example 54 39 Example 55 Example 56 Example 57 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 60.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 45.0 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 5.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 45.0 GWP — 237 237 272 272 272 271 271 306 COP Ratio % (relative 99.0 98.8 101.3 100.6 99.9 99.4 99.0 101.3 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 103.2 107.5 86.0 91.7 96.9 101.8 106.3 89.3 Capacity Ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 129 Example Example Comparative Comparative Comparative Example Comparative Comparative Item Unit 40 41 Example 58 Example 59 Example 60 42 Example 61 Example 62 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 R32 Mass % 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 GWP — 305 305 305 304 339 339 339 338 COP Ratio % (relative 100.6 100.0 99.5 99.1 101.3 100.6 100.0 99.5 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 94.9 100.0 104.7 109.2 92.4 97.8 102.9 107.5 Capacity Ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 130 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Example Example Example Example Item Unit Example 63 Example 64 Example 65 Example 66 43 44 45 46 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 56.0 59.0 62.0 65.0 R32 Mass % 55.0 55.0 55.0 55.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 41.0 38.0 35.0 32.0 GWP — 373 372 372 372 22 22 22 22 COP Ratio % (relative 101.4 100.7 100.1 99.6 100.1 100.0 99.9 99.8 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 95.3 100.6 105.6 110.2 81.7 83.2 84.6 86.0 Capacity Ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 131 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 49.0 52.0 55.0 58.0 61.0 43.0 46.0 49.0 R32 Mass % 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 R1234yf Mass % 45.0 42.0 39.0 36.0 33.0 48.0 45.0 42.0 GWP — 43 43 43 43 42 63 63 63 COP Ratio % (relative 100.2 100.0 99.9 99.8 99.7 100.3 100.1 99.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 80.9 82.4 83.9 85.4 86.8 80.4 82.0 83.5 Capacity Ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 132 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 52.0 55.0 58.0 38.0 41.0 44.0 47.0 50.0 R32 Mass % 9.0 9.0 9.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 R1234yf Mass % 39.0 36.0 33.0 50.0 47.0 44.0 41.0 38.0 GWP — 63 63 63 83 83 83 83 83 COP Ratio % (relative 99.8 99.7 99.6 100.3 100.1 100.0 99.8 99.7 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.0 86.5 87.9 80.4 82.0 83.5 85.1 86.6 Capacity Ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 133 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 53.0 33.0 36.0 39.0 42.0 45.0 48.0 51.0 R32 Mass % 12.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 52.0 49.0 46.0 43.0 40.0 37.0 34.0 GWP — 83 104 104 103 103 103 103 103 COP Ratio % (relative 99.6 100.5 100.3 100.1 99.9 99.7 99.6 99.5 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 88.0 80.3 81.9 83.5 85.0 86.5 88.0 89.5 Capacity Ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 134 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 29.0 32.0 35.0 38.0 41.0 44.0 47.0 36.0 R32 Mass % 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 3.0 R1234yf Mass % 53.0 50.0 47.0 44.0 41.0 38.0 35.0 61.0 GWP — 124 124 124 124 124 123 123 23 COP Ratio % (relative 100.6 100.3 100.1 99.9 99.8 99.6 99.5 101.3 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 80.6 82.2 83.8 85.4 86.9 88.4 89.9 71.0 Capacity Ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 135 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 39.0 42.0 30.0 33.0 36.0 26.0 29.0 32.0 R32 Mass % 3.0 3.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 R1234yf Mass % 58.0 55.0 64.0 61.0 58.0 65.0 62.0 59.0 GWP — 23 23 43 43 43 64 64 63 COP Ratio % (relative 101.1 100.9 101.5 101.3 101.0 101.6 101.3 101.1 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 72.7 74.4 70.5 72.2 73.9 71.0 72.8 74.5 Capacity Ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 136 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 21.0 24.0 27.0 30.0 16.0 19.0 22.0 25.0 R32 Mass % 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 R1234yf Mass % 67.0 64.0 61.0 58.0 69.0 66.0 63.0 60.0 GWP — 84 84 84 84 104 104 104 104 COP Ratio % (relative 101.8 101.5 101.2 101.0 102.1 101.8 101.4 101.2 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 70.8 72.6 74.3 76.0 70.4 72.3 74.0 75.8 Capacity Ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 137 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 28.0 12.0 15.0 18.0 21.0 24.0 27.0 25.0 R32 Mass % 15.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 21.0 R1234yf Mass % 57.0 70.0 67.0 64.0 61.0 58.0 55.0 54.0 GWP — 104 124 124 124 124 124 124 144 COP Ratio % (relative 100.9 102.2 101.9 101.6 101.3 101.0 100.7 100.7 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 77.5 70.5 72.4 74.2 76.0 77.7 79.4 80.7 Capacity Ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 138 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 21.0 24.0 17.0 20.0 23.0 13.0 16.0 19.0 R32 Mass % 24.0 24.0 27.0 27.0 27.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 R1234yf Mass % 55.0 52.0 56.0 53.0 50.0 57.0 54.0 51.0 GWP — 164 164 185 185 184 205 205 205 COP Ratio % (relative 100.9 100.6 101.1 100.8 100.6 101.3 101.0 100.8 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 80.8 82.5 80.8 82.5 84.2 80.7 82.5 84.2 Capacity Ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 139 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 22.0 9.0 12.0 15.0 18.0 21.0 8.0 12.0 R32 Mass % 30.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 36.0 36.0 R1234yf Mass % 48.0 58.0 55.0 52.0 49.0 46.0 56.0 52.0 GWP — 205 225 225 225 225 225 245 245 COP Ratio % (relative 100.5 101.6 101.3 101.0 100.8 100.5 101.6 101.2 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.9 80.5 82.3 84.1 85.8 87.5 82.0 84.4 Capacity Ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 140 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 15.0 18.0 21.0 42.0 39.0 34.0 37.0 30.0 R32 Mass % 36.0 36.0 36.0 25.0 28.0 31.0 31.0 34.0 R1234yf Mass % 49.0 46.0 43.0 33.0 33.0 35.0 32.0 36.0 GWP — 245 245 245 170 191 211 211 231 COP Ratio % (relative 101.0 100.7 100.5 99.5 99.5 99.8 99.6 99.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 86.2 87.9 89.6 92.7 93.4 93.0 94.5 93.0 Capacity Ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 141 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 33.0 36.0 24.0 27.0 30.0 33.0 23.0 26.0 R32 Mass % 34.0 34.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 40.0 40.0 R1234yf Mass % 33.0 30.0 39.0 36.0 33.0 30.0 37.0 34.0 GWP — 231 231 252 251 251 251 272 272 COP Ratio % (relative 99.8 99.6 100.3 100.1 99.9 99.8 100.4 100.2 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 94.5 96.0 91.9 93.4 95.0 96.5 93.3 94.9 Capacity Ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 142 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 29.0 32.0 19.0 22.0 25.0 28.0 31.0 18.0 R32 Mass % 40.0 40.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 46.0 R1234yf Mass % 31.0 28.0 38.0 35.0 32.0 29.0 26.0 36.0 GWP — 272 271 292 292 292 292 292 312 COP Ratio % (relative 100.0 99.8 100.6 100.4 100.2 100.1 99.9 100.7 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 96.4 97.9 93.1 94.7 96.2 97.8 99.3 94.4 Capacity Ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 143 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 21.0 23.0 26.0 29.0 13.0 16.0 19.0 22.0 R32 Mass % 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 49.0 49.0 49.0 49.0 R1234yf Mass % 33.0 31.0 28.0 25.0 38.0 35.0 32.0 29.0 GWP — 312 312 312 312 332 332 332 332 COP Ratio % (relative 100.5 100.4 100.2 100.0 101.1 100.9 100.7 100.5 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 96.0 97.0 98.6 100.1 93.5 95.1 96.7 98.3 Capacity Ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 144 Example Example Item Unit 151 152 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 28.0 R32 Mass % 49.0 49.0 R1234yf Mass % 26.0 23.0 GWP 332 332 COP Ratio % (relative 100.3 100.1 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 99.8 101.3 Capacity Ratio to R410A) - The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:
- point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI), - the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.0236y2−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y2+0.7616y+28.0),
- the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y2−1.9003y+58.3, y, −0.012y2+0.9003y+41.7), and
- the line segments JN and EI are straight lines, the refrigerant D has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.
- The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM′, M′N, NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5 points:
- point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),
point M′ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),
point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and
point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM), - the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y2−3.34y+52.6, y, −0.132y2+2.34y+47.4),
- the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates (0.0596y2−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y2+1.2541y+51.02),
- the line segment VG is represented by coordinates (0.0123y2−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y2+0.8033y+60.4), and
- the line segments NV and GM are straight lines, the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 70% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.
- The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3 points:
- point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),
or on these line segments, - the line segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y2−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y2−0.3299y+62.488),
- the line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y2−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y2+0.7403y+43.365), and
- the line segment UO is a straight line, the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 250 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.
- The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points:
- point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),
point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and
point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),
or on these line segments, - the line segment QR is represented by coordinates (0.0099y2−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y2+0.975y+15.235),
- the line segment RT is represented by coordinates (0.0082y2−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y2+0.8683y+16.874),
- the line segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y2−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y2−0.1158y+38.512),
- the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates (0.0095y2−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y2+0.2222y+32.324), and
- the line segment TL is a straight line, the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.
- The results further indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:
- point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),
point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
or on these line segments, - the line segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y2−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y2−0.2897y+59.9),
- the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (0.0082y2−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y2+0.8683y+16.874), and
- the line segment TP is a straight line, the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.
- The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32).
- The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e., a coefficient of performance equivalent to that of R410A and a sufficiently low GWP.
- The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IK, KB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GI that connect the following 6 points:
- point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4),
point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),
point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GI); - the line segment IK is represented by coordinates (0.025z2−1.7429z+72.00, −0.025z2+0.7429z+28.0, z),
- the line segment HR is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z2−5.234z+88.94, z),
- the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
- the line segments KB′ and GI are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has WCF lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
- The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JR, RG, and GI that connect the following 4 points:
- point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GI); - the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.025z2−1.7429z+72.0, −0.025z2+0.7429z+28.0, z),
- the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
- the line segments JR and GI are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has WCF lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
- The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MP, PB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GM that connect the following 6 points:
- point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),
point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),
point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GM); - the line segment MP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z2−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z2−0.016z+52.9, z),
- the line segment HR is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z2−5.234z+88.94, z),
- the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
- the line segments PB′ and GM are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
- The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MN, NR, RG, and GM that connect the following 4 points:
- point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM); - the line segment MN is represented by coordinates (0.0083z2−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z2−0.016z+52.9, z),
- the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z),
- the line segments NR and GM are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.
- The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:
- point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),
point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and
point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2),
or on these line segments; - the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (−0.0982z2+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z2−1.9622z+59.069, z),
- the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z2−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z2−0.016z+52.9, z), and
- the line segment PS is a straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 94.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
- The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QB″, B″D, DU, and UQ that connect the following 4 points:
- point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),
point B″ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0),
point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and
point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment B″D); - the line segment DU is represented by coordinates (−3.4962z2+210.71z−3146.1, 3.4962z2−211.71z+3246.1, z),
- the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates (0.0135z2−0.9181z+44.133, −0.0135z2−0.0819z+55.867, z), and
- the line segments QB″ and B″D are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 96% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 250 or less.
- The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc′, c′d′, d′e′, e′a′, and a′O that connect the following 5 points:
- point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
point c′ (56.7, 43.3, 0.0),
point d′ (52.2, 38.3, 9.5),
point e′ (41.8, 39.8, 18.4), and
point a′ (81.6, 0.0, 18.4),
or on the line segments c′d′, d′e′, and e′a′ (excluding the points c′ and a′); - the line segment c′d′ is represented by coordinates (−0.0297z2−0.1915z+56.7, 0.0297z2+1.1915z+43.3, z),
- the line segment d′e′ is represented by coordinates (−0.0535z2+0.3229z+53.957, 0.0535z2+0.6771z+46.043, z), and
- the line segments Oc′, e′a′, and a′O are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
- The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc, cd, de, ea′, and a′O that connect the following 5 points:
- point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
point c (77.7, 22.3, 0.0),
point d (76.3, 14.2, 9.5),
point e (72.2, 9.4, 18.4), and
point a′ (81.6, 0.0, 18.4),
or on the line segments cd, de, and ea′ (excluding the points c and a′); - the line segment cde is represented by coordinates (−0.017z2+0.0148z+77.684, 0.017z2+0.9852z+22.316, z), and
- the line segments Oc, ea′, and a′O are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
- The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc′, c′d′, d′a, and aO that connect the following 5 points:
- point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
point c′ (56.7, 43.3, 0.0),
point d′ (52.2, 38.3, 9.5), and
point a (90.5, 0.0, 9.5),
or on the line segments c′d′ and d′a (excluding the points c′ and a); - the line segment c′d′ is represented by coordinates (−0.0297z2−0.1915z+56.7, 0.0297z2+1.1915z+43.3, z), and
- the line segments Oc′, d′a, and aO are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.
- The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc, cd, da, and aO that connect the following 4 points:
- point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
point c (77.7, 22.3, 0.0),
point d (76.3, 14.2, 9.5), and
point a (90.5, 0.0, 9.5),
or on the line segments cd and da (excluding the points c and a); - the line segment cd is represented by coordinates (−0.017z2+0.0148z+77.684, 0.017z2+0.9852z+22.316, z), and
- the line segments Oc, da, and aO are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.
- The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and even more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.
- Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.
- The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant E. However, the refrigerant E is not limited to the Examples.
- Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 145 and 146.
- The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Data Base Refleak Version 4.0 under the conditions for equipment, storage, shipping, leak, and recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.
- For each mixed refrigerant, the burning velocity was measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. When the burning velocities of the WCF composition and the WCFF composition are 10 cm/s or less, the flammability of such a refrigerant is classified as Class 2L (lower flammability) in the ASHRAE flammability classification.
- A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in
FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC. - Tables 145 and 146 show the results.
-
TABLE 145 Item Unit I J K L WCF HFO-1132(E) mass % 72.0 57.7 48.4 35.5 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 32.8 33.2 27.5 R32 mass % 0.0 9.5 18.4 37.0 Burning velocity cm/s 10 10 10 10 (WCF) -
TABLE 146 Item Unit M N T P U Q WCF HFO-1132(E) mass % 47.1 38.5 34.8 31.8 28.7 28.6 HFO-1123 mass % 52.9 52.1 51.0 49.8 41.2 34.4 R32 mass % 0.0 9.5 14.2 18.4 30.1 37.0 Leak condition that results Storage, Storage, Storage, Storage, Storage, Storage, in WCFF Shipping, −40° Shipping, −40° Shipping, −40° Shipping, −40° Shipping, −40° Shipping, −40° C., 92%, release, C., 92%, release, C., 92%, release, C., 92%, release, C., 92%, release, C., 92%, release, on the liquid on the liquid on the liquid on the liquid on the liquid on the liquid phase side phase side phase side phase side phase side phase side WCFF HFO-1132(E) mass % 72.0 58.9 51.5 44.6 31.4 27.1 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 32.4 33.1 32.6 23.2 18.3 R32 mass % 0.0 8.7 15.4 22.8 45.4 54.6 Burning velocity cm/ s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less (WCF) Burning velocity cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10 (WCFF) - The results in Table 1 indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below line segments IK and KL that connect the following 3 points:
- point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), and
point L (35.5, 27.5, 37.0);
the line segment IK is represented by coordinates (0.025z2−1.7429z+72.00, −0.025z2+0.7429z+28.00, z), and
the line segment KL is represented by coordinates (0.0098z2−1.238z+67.852, −0.0098z2+0.238z+32.148, z),
it can be determined that the refrigerant has WCF lower flammability. - For the points on the line segment IK, an approximate curve (x=0.025z2−1.7429z+72.00) was obtained from three points, i.e., I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5), and K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4) by using the least-square method to determine coordinates (x=0.025z2−1.7429z+72.00, y=100−z−x=−0.00922z2+0.2114z+32.443, z).
- Likewise, for the points on the line segment KL, an approximate curve was determined from three points, i.e., K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), Example 10 (41.1, 31.2, 27.7), and L (35.5, 27.5, 37.0) by using the least-square method to determine coordinates.
- The results in Table 146 indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below line segments MP and PQ that connect the following 3 points:
- point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), and
point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),
it can be determined that the refrigerant has ASHRAE lower flammability. - In the above, the line segment MP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z2−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z2−0.016z+52.9, z), and the line segment PQ is represented by coordinates (0.0135z2−0.9181z+44.133, −0.0135z2−0.0819z+55.867, z).
- For the points on the line segment MP, an approximate curve was obtained from three points, i.e., points M, N, and P, by using the least-square method to determine coordinates. For the points on the line segment PQ, an approximate curve was obtained from three points, i.e., points P, U, and Q, by using the least-square method to determine coordinates.
- The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in WO2015/141678). The refrigerating capacity of compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.
- The COP ratio and the refrigerating capacity (which may be referred to as “cooling capacity” or “capacity”) ratio relative to those of R410 of the mixed refrigerants were determined. The conditions for calculation were as described below.
- Evaporating temperature: 5° C.
Condensation temperature: 45° C.
Degree of superheating: 5K
Degree of subcooling: 5K
Compressor efficiency: 70% - Tables 147 to 166 show these values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant.
-
TABLE 147 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Example 7 Item Unit Example 1 A B A′ B′ A″ B″ HFO-1132(E) mass % R410A 90.5 0.0 81.6 0.0 63.0 0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 0.0 90.5 0.0 81.6 0.0 63.0 R32 mass % 9.5 9.5 18.4 18.4 37.0 37.0 GWP — 2088 65 65 125 125 250 250 COP ratio % (relative 100 99.1 92.0 98.7 93.4 98.7 96.1 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 100 102.2 111.6 105.3 113.7 110.0 115.4 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 148 Comparative Comparative Example Comparative Example 8 Example 9 Comparative 1 Example Example 11 Item Unit O C Example 10 U 2 D HFO-1132(E) mass % 100.0 50.0 41.1 28.7 15.2 0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 0.0 31.6 34.6 41.2 52.7 67.0 R32 mass % 0.0 18.4 24.3 30.1 32.1 33.0 GWP — 1 125 165 204 217 228 COP ratio % (relative 99.7 96.0 96.0 96.0 96.0 96.0 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 98.3 109.9 111.7 113.5 114.8 115.4 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 149 Comparative Example Example Comparative Example 12 Comparative 3 4 Example 14 Item Unit E Example 13 T S F HFO-1132(E) mass % 53.4 43.4 34.8 25.4 0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 46.6 47.1 51.0 56.2 74.1 R32 mass % 0.0 9.5 14.2 18.4 25.9 GWP — 1 65 97 125 176 COP ratio % (relative 94.5 94.5 94.5 94.5 94.5 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 105.6 109.2 110.8 112.3 114.8 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 150 Comparative Example Comparative Example 15 Example 6 Example Example 16 Item Unit G 5 R 7 H HFO-1132(E) mass % 38.5 31.5 23.1 16.9 0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 61.5 63.5 67.4 71.1 84.2 R32 mass % 0.0 5.0 9.5 12.0 15.8 GWP — 1 35 65 82 107 COP ratio % (relative 93.0 93.0 93.0 93.0 93.0 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 107.0 109.1 110.9 111.9 113.2 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 151 Comparative Example Example Comparative Example 17 8 9 Comparative Example 19 Item Unit I J K Example 18 L HFO-1132(E) mass % 72.0 57.7 48.4 41.1 35.5 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 32.8 33.2 31.2 27.5 R32 mass % 0.0 9.5 18.4 27.7 37.0 GWP — 1 65 125 188 250 COP ratio % (relative 96.6 95.8 95.9 96.4 97.1 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 103.1 107.4 110.1 112.1 113.2 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 152 Comparative Example Example Example Example 20 10 11 12 Item Unit M N P Q HFO-1132(E) mass % 47.1 38.5 31.8 28.6 HFO-1123 mass % 52.9 52.1 49.8 34.4 R32 mass % 0.0 9.5 18.4 37.0 GWP — 1 65 125 250 COP ratio % (relative 93.9 94.1 94.7 96.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 106.2 109.7 112.0 114.1 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 153 Comparative Comparative Comparative Example Example Example Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 22 Example 23 Example 24 14 15 16 Example 25 Example 26 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 HFO-1123 mass % 85.0 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 R32 mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 GWP — 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 COP ratio % (relative 91.7 92.2 92.9 93.7 94.6 95.6 96.7 97.7 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 110.1 109.8 109.2 108.4 107.4 106.1 104.7 103.1 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 154 Comparative Comparative Comparative Example Example Example Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 27 Example 28 Example 29 17 18 19 Example 30 Example 31 HFO-1132(E) mass % 90.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 5.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 R32 mass % 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 GWP — 35 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 COP ratio % (relative 98.8 92.4 92.9 93.5 94.3 95.1 96.1 97.0 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 101.4 111.7 111.3 110.6 109.6 108.5 107.2 105.7 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 155 Comparative Example Example Example Example Example Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 32 20 21 22 23 24 Example 33 Example 34 HFO-1132(E) mass % 80.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 10.0 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 R32 mass % 10.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 GWP — 68 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 COP ratio % (relative 98.0 93.1 93.6 94.2 94.9 95.6 96.5 97.4 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 104.1 112.9 112.4 111.6 110.6 109.4 108.1 106.6 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 156 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 35 Example 36 Example 37 Example 38 Example 39 Example 40 Example 41 Example 42 HFO-1132(E) mass % 80.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 5.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R32 mass % 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 GWP — 102 136 136 136 136 136 136 136 COP ratio % (relative 98.3 93.9 94.3 94.8 95.4 96.2 97.0 97.8 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 105.0 113.8 113.2 112.4 111.4 110.2 108.8 107.3 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 157 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 43 Example 44 Example 45 Example 46 Example 47 Example 48 Example 49 Example 50 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 10.0 HFO-1123 mass % 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 60.0 R32 mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 GWP — 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 203 COP ratio % (relative 94.6 94.9 95.4 96.0 96.7 97.4 98.2 95.3 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 114.4 113.8 113.0 111.9 110.7 109.4 107.9 114.8 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 158 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Example Example Comparative Item Unit Example 51 Example 52 Example 53 Example 54 Example 55 25 26 Example 56 HFO-1132(E) mass % 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 HFO-1123 mass % 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 R32 mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 GWP — 203 203 203 203 203 237 237 237 COP ratio % (relative 95.6 96.0 96.6 97.2 97.9 96.0 96.3 96.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 114.2 113.4 112.4 111.2 109.8 115.1 114.5 113.6 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 159 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 57 Example 58 Example 59 Example 60 Example 61 Example 62 Example 63 Example 64 HFO-1132(E) mass % 40.0 50.0 60.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 HFO-1123 mass % 25.0 15.0 5.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R32 mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 GWP — 237 237 237 271 271 271 271 271 COP ratio % (relative 97.1 97.7 98.3 96.6 96.9 97.2 97.7 98.2 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 112.6 111.5 110.2 115.1 114.6 113.8 112.8 111.7 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 160 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 HFO-1132(E) mass % 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 35.0 37.0 39.0 41.0 HFO-1123 mass % 60.0 58.0 56.0 54.0 61.0 59.0 57.0 55.0 R32 mass % 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 GWP — 14 14 14 14 28 28 28 28 COP ratio % (relative 93.2 93.4 93.6 93.7 93.2 93.3 93.5 93.7 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 107.7 107.5 107.3 107.2 108.6 108.4 108.2 108.0 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 161 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 HFO-1132(E) mass % 43.0 31.0 33.0 35.0 37.0 39.0 41.0 27.0 HFO-1123 mass % 53.0 63.0 61.0 59.0 57.0 55.0 53.0 65.0 R32 mass % 4.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 8.0 GWP — 28 41 41 41 41 41 41 55 COP ratio % (relative 93.9 93.1 93.2 93.4 93.6 93.7 93.9 93.0 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 107.8 109.5 109.3 109.1 109.0 108.8 108.6 110.3 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 162 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 HFO-1132(E) mass % 29.0 31.0 33.0 35.0 37.0 39.0 32.0 32.0 HFO-1123 mass % 63.0 61.0 59.0 57.0 55.0 53.0 51.0 50.0 R32 mass % 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 17.0 18.0 GWP — 55 55 55 55 55 55 116 122 COP ratio % (relative 93.2 93.3 93.5 93.6 93.8 94.0 94.5 94.7 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 110.1 110.0 109.8 109.6 109.5 109.3 111.8 111.9 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 163 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 HFO-1132(E) mass % 30.0 27.0 21.0 23.0 25.0 27.0 11.0 13.0 HFO-1123 mass % 52.0 42.0 46.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 54.0 52.0 R32 mass % 18.0 31.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 35.0 35.0 GWP — 122 210 223 223 223 223 237 237 COP ratio % (relative 94.5 96.0 96.0 96.1 96.2 96.3 96.0 96.0 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 112.1 113.7 114.3 114.2 114.0 113.8 115.0 114.9 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 164 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 HFO-1132(E) mass % 15.0 17.0 19.0 21.0 23.0 25.0 27.0 11.0 HFO-1123 mass % 50.0 48.0 46.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 38.0 52.0 R32 mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 37.0 GWP — 237 237 237 237 237 237 237 250 COP ratio % (relative 96.1 96.2 96.2 96.3 96.4 96.4 96.5 96.2 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 114.8 114.7 114.5 114.4 114.2 114.1 113.9 115.1 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 165 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 HFO-1132(E) mass % 13.0 15.0 17.0 15.0 17.0 19.0 21.0 23.0 HFO-1123 mass % 50.0 48.0 46.0 50.0 48.0 46.0 44.0 42.0 R32 mass % 37.0 37.0 37.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 GWP — 250 250 250 237 237 237 237 237 COP ratio % (relative 96.3 96.4 96.4 96.1 96.2 96.2 96.3 96.4 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 115.0 114.9 114.7 114.8 114.7 114.5 114.4 114.2 capacity ratio to R410A) -
TABLE 166 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 HFO-1132(E) mass % 25.0 27.0 11.0 19.0 21.0 23.0 25.0 27.0 HFO-1123 mass % 40.0 38.0 52.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 38.0 36.0 R32 mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 GWP — 237 237 250 250 250 250 250 250 COP ratio % (relative 96.4 96.5 96.2 96.5 96.5 96.6 96.7 96.8 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 114.1 113.9 115.1 114.6 114.5 114.3 114.1 114.0 capacity ratio to R410A) - The above results indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, and the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments that connect the following 4 points:
- point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
point A″ (63.0, 0.0, 37.0),
point B″ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0), and
point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0),
or on these line segments,
the refrigerant has a GWP of 250 or less. - The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments that connect the following 4 points:
- point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
point A′ (81.6, 0.0, 18.4),
point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4), and
point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0),
or on these line segments,
the refrigerant has a GWP of 125 or less. - The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments that connect the following 4 points:
- point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
point A (90.5, 0.0, 9.5),
point B (0.0, 90.5, 9.5), and
point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0),
or on these line segments,
the refrigerant has a GWP of 65 or less. - The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3 points:
- point C (50.0, 31.6, 18.4),
point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1), and
point D (52.2, 38.3, 9.5),
or on these line segments,
the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 96% or more relative to that of R410A. - In the above, the line segment CU is represented by coordinates (−0.0538z2+0.7888z+53.701, 0.0538z2−1.7888z+46.299, z), and the line segment UD is represented by coordinates (−3.4962z2+210.71z−3146.1, 3.4962z2−211.71z+3246.1, z).
- The points on the line segment CU are determined from three points, i.e., point C, Comparative Example 10, and point U, by using the least-square method.
- The points on the line segment UD are determined from three points, i.e., point U, Example 2, and point D, by using the least-square method.
- The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3 points:
- point E (55.2, 44.8, 0.0),
point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2), and
point F (0.0, 76.7, 23.3),
or on these line segments,
the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 94.5% or more relative to that of R410A. - In the above, the line segment ET is represented by coordinates (−0.0547z2−0.5327z+53.4, 0.0547z2−0.4673z+46.6, z), and the line segment TF is represented by coordinates (−0.0982z2+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z2−1.9622z+59.069, z).
- The points on the line segment ET are determined from three points, i.e., point E, Example 2, and point T, by using the least-square method.
- The points on the line segment TF are determined from three points, i.e., points T, S, and F, by using the least-square method.
- The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3 points:
- point G (0.0, 76.7, 23.3),
point R (21.0, 69.5, 9.5), and
point H (0.0, 85.9, 14.1),
or on these line segments,
the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A. - In the above, the line segment GR is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and the line segment RH is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z2−5.234z+88.94, z).
- The points on the line segment GR are determined from three points, i.e., point G, Example 5, and point R, by using the least-square method.
- The points on the line segment RH are determined from three points, i.e., point R, Example 7, and point H, by using the least-square method.
- In contrast, as shown in, for example, Comparative Examples 8, 9, 13, 15, 17, and 18, when R32 is not contained, the concentrations of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123, which have a double bond, become relatively high; this undesirably leads to deterioration, such as decomposition, or polymerization in the refrigerant compound.
- As illustrated in
FIGS. 16 to 18 , a warm-water supply system 1 that is a warm-water generating apparatus according to a first embodiment includes aheat pump 2, a warm-water storage unit 3, acontroller 50 that manages and controls the above-listed components, aremote controller 90 that displays information to a user and that receives an operation by the user, and so forth. - The
heat pump 2 is a unit that functions as a heat source device for heating water, and includes arefrigerant circuit 20 in which a refrigerant circulates, afan 24F, various sensors, and so forth. In the present embodiment, therefrigerant circuit 20 is filled with a refrigerant for performing a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The refrigerant is a mixed refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, and can use any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E. - The
refrigerant circuit 20 is constituted of acompressor 21, a use-sidewater heat exchanger 22, anelectric expansion valve 23, a heat-source-sideair heat exchanger 24, arefrigerant pipe 25, and so forth. - The
compressor 21 is an inverter output-variable electric compressor. - The
water heat exchanger 22 functions as a use-side heat exchanger that uses heat of the refrigerant, and includes arefrigerant pipe 22 r and awater pipe 32 w. Thewater heat exchanger 22 causes a high-temperature high-pressure gas refrigerant flowing through therefrigerant pipe 22 r after discharged by thecompressor 21 of theheat pump 2 and circulating water flowing from the warm-water storage unit 3 (described later) and then flowing through thewater pipe 32 w. By the heat exchange in thewater heat exchanger 22, the refrigerant passing through therefrigerant pipe 22 r is cooled, and simultaneously the water passing through thewater pipe 32 w is heated and heated water (high-temperature water=warm water) is generated. - The
electric expansion valve 23 expands a low-temperature high-pressure refrigerant which has exited from thecompressor 21 and been cooled through the heat exchange with the water. - The
air heat exchanger 24 functions as a heat-source-side heat exchanger that takes heat from the outside air, and causes a low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant in a two-phase state expanded at theelectric expansion valve 23 and the outside air to exchange heat with each other. The refrigerant which has absorbed heat from the outside air is evaporated and turns into a low-pressure gas refrigerant, and is sucked by thecompressor 21. - The
refrigerant pipe 25 connects respective devices in the order of the discharge port of thecompressor 21, therefrigerant pipe 22 r in thewater heat exchanger 22, theelectric expansion valve 23, theair heat exchanger 24, and the suction port of thecompressor 21. - The various sensors include, for example, sensors that detect the temperature and pressure relating to the refrigerant.
FIG. 17 illustrates, among the sensors, a heat-exchanger inletwater temperature sensor 31T and a heat-exchanger outletwater temperature sensor 32T. The heat-exchanger inletwater temperature sensor 31T detects the temperature of water before entering thewater heat exchanger 22. That is, the heat-exchanger inletwater temperature sensor 31T detects the temperature of water before passing through thewater heat exchanger 22. The heat-exchanger outletwater temperature sensor 32T detects the temperature of water after passing through thewater heat exchanger 22. - The warm-
water storage unit 3 is a unit that sends water supplied from the outside, such as city water (tap water) to theheat pump 2 so that theheat pump 2 heats the water, and stores the water (heated water) returned from theheat pump 2. Moreover, the warm-water storage unit 3 has a function of sending the heated water of which the temperature has been adjusted by acombustion heating device 4 and a mixingvalve 77 to a warm-water supply section 82 so that heated water at a temperature set by the user is supplied. - The warm-
water storage unit 3 includes awater intake section 81, the warm-water supply section 82, a warm-water supply tank 35, a circulatingwater pipe 30, a water-intake warm-water supply pipe 70, thecombustion heating device 4, and so forth. - (6-2-1) Water Intake Section and Warm-Water Supply Section
- The
water intake section 81 has a connecting port to which a city-water (tap-water)supply pipe 89 a is connected. - The warm-
water supply section 82 has a connecting port to which an in-building pipe 99 a for water supply and warm-water supply extending from afaucet 99 or the like in a building of an installation target is connected. - (6-2-2) Warm-Water Storage Tank
- The warm-
water storage tank 35 is a tank in which water heated by the heat pump 2 (heated water) is stored in advance before the user turns thefaucet 99 for use. The warm-water storage tank 35 is usually filled with water. The warm-water storage tank 35 is provided with a tank-temperature-distribution detection sensor to cause thecontroller 50 to recognize the amount of water at a predetermined temperature or higher, in this case, a high temperature of 70° C. or higher (hereinafter, referred to as high-temperature water). The tank-temperature-distribution detection sensor is constituted of six sensors of a first sensor T1, a second sensor T2, a third sensor T3, a fourth sensor T4, a fifth sensor T5, and a sixth sensor T6 in that order from a lower portion toward an upper portion of the warm-water storage tank 35. Thecontroller 50 drives theheat pump 2 to perform a boiling operation based on water temperatures at respective height positions in the warm-water storage tank 35 detected by the tank-temperature-distribution detection sensors T1 to T6 and setting with theremote controller 90. The boiling operation is an operation to increase the heat quantity of water until the temperature of water in the warm-water storage tank 35 reaches a target temperature. The target temperature in the boiling operation, that is, a target warm-water storage temperature of the water in the warm-water storage tank 35 is, for example, set in advance in a manufacturing plant of the warm-water supply system 1. In the present embodiment, the target warm-water storage temperature is 75° C. - If the temperature detection value of the sixth sensor T6 is lower than 70° C., the residual warm water amount is 0. If the temperature detection value of the sixth sensor T6 is 70° C. or higher, the residual warm water amount is 1. Furthermore, if the temperature detection value of the fifth sensor T5 is also 70° C. or higher, the residual warm water amount is 2. Likewise, the levels of the residual warm water amount includes 3, 4, 5, and 6. The residual warm water amount is 6 at maximum if the temperature detection value of the first sensor T1 is also 70° C. or higher, the residual warm water amount is 6 at maximum.
- (6-2-3) Circulating Water Pipe
- The circulating
water pipe 30 is a circuit for transferring heat obtained by theheat pump 2 to the water in the warm-water storage tank 35, and includes anoutgoing pipe 31, thewater pipe 32 w in thewater heat exchanger 22, areturn pipe 33, and acirculation pump 34. Theoutgoing pipe 31 connects a portion near the lower end of the warm-water storage tank 35 and the upstream-side end of thewater pipe 32 w in thewater heat exchanger 22. Thereturn pipe 33 connects the downstream-side end of thewater pipe 32 w in thewater heat exchanger 22 and a portion near the upper end of the warm-water storage tank 35. Thecirculation pump 34 is provided midway in theoutgoing pipe 31. Thecirculation pump 34 is an electric pump of which the output is adjustable, and circulates water between the warm-water storage tank 35 and thewater heat exchanger 22. Specifically, in the circulatingwater pipe 30, when thecirculation pump 34 is driven in response to an instruction from thecontroller 50, water at low temperature present in a lower portion of the water in the warm-water storage tank 35 flows out to theoutgoing pipe 31, increases in temperature by passing through thewater pipe 32 w in thewater heat exchanger 22, and returns to the portion near the upper end of the warm-water storage tank 35 via thereturn pipe 33. Accordingly, the boundary between high-temperature water and water at a lower temperature in the warm-water storage tank 35 moves from the upper side toward the lower side, and hence the amount of the high-temperature water in the warm-water storage tank 35 increases. - (6-2-4) Water-Intake Warm-Water Supply Pipe and Combustion Heating Device
- The water-intake warm-
water supply pipe 70 is a circuit for using the high-temperature water stored in the warm-water storage tank 35 while receiving supply with water from external city water or the like, and includes awater intake pipe 71, a warm-water supply pipe 73, abypass pipe 74, and the mixingvalve 77. - The
water intake pipe 71 receives supply with water from the external city water or the like, supplies normal-temperature water to a portion near the lower end of the warm-water storage tank 35. Thewater intake pipe 71 is provided with a water-intake temperature sensor 71T for detecting the temperature of the water supplied by the city water. - The warm-
water supply pipe 73 guides high-temperature water which is included in the water stored in the warm-water storage tank 35 and which is present near the upper end, from the warm-water supply section 82 to an in-building pipe 99 a through a portion to be used by a user, for example, thefaucet 99 in the building. - The
combustion heating device 4 is disposed midway in the warm-water supply pipe 73. Thecombustion heating device 4 is disposed between the warm-water storage tank 35 and the mixingvalve 77, and includes acombustion burner 41 that burns a fuel gas. Thecombustion burner 41 is a gas burner of which the heating capacity is adjustable, and heats water flowing through the warm-water supply pipe 73 while adjusting the heating quantity in response to an instruction of thecontroller 50. - Moreover, a before-mixing warm-
water temperature sensor 4T for detecting the temperature of the passing water is provided between thecombustion heating device 4 and the mixingvalve 77 in the warm-water supply pipe 73. - The
bypass pipe 74 is a pipe for mixing normal-temperature water flowing through thewater intake pipe 71 with water (warm water) flowing through the warm-water supply pipe 73. Thebypass pipe 74 extends from thewater intake pipe 71 to the warm-water supply pipe 73 and is connected to the warm-water supply pipe 73 via the mixingvalve 77. - The mixing
valve 77 is an adjustment valve that receives an instruction from thecontroller 50 and adjusts the mixing ratio of the high-temperature water (warm water) flowing through the warm-water supply pipe 73 and the normal-temperature water flowing through thebypass pipe 74. - (6-3) Controller and Remote Controller
- The
controller 50 is installed in the warm-water storage unit 3, is connected to actuators, such as thecompressor 21, theelectric expansion valve 23, thefan 24F, the mixingvalve 77, thecombustion burner 41, and thecirculation pump 34, and sends operation instructions to the actuators. Moreover, thecontroller 50 is connected to sensors, such as the heat-exchanger inletwater temperature sensor 31T, the heat-exchanger outletwater temperature sensor 32T, the tank-temperature-distribution detection sensors T1 to T6, the water-intake temperature sensor 71T, and the before-mixing warm-water temperature sensor 4T, and acquires detection results from the sensors. Furthermore, theremote controller 90 is connected to thecontroller 50. Theremote controller 90 receives a setting input from the user and provides information to the user. - As illustrated in
FIG. 18 , theremote controller 90 is provided with a warm-watertemperature setting section 91 for setting the temperature of required warm water (water), and adisplay section 92 that displays the set warm-water temperature and the amount of residual warm water. - (6-4) Characteristics of Warm-Water Supply System
- In the warm-
water supply system 1 according to the present embodiment, since thewater heat exchanger 22 heats water using one of the above-described refrigerants A to E, efficiency is high. When the water to be supplied is hard water, a scale may be disadvantageously generated. However, when the water to be supplied is soft water, it is advantageous to employ the warm-water supply system 1 according to the present embodiment. - (6-5) First Modification of First Embodiment
- Employing a warm-water supply system 1 a illustrated in
FIG. 19 instead of the warm-water supply system 1 according to the first embodiment can suppress the disadvantage of generation of a scale. In the warm-water supply system 1 a inFIG. 19 , aheat pump 2 a includes an auxiliary circulatingwater pipe 60 that is not included in theheat pump 2 of the first embodiment. The auxiliary circulatingwater pipe 60 is provided with anauxiliary circulation pump 64. The water in the auxiliary circulatingwater pipe 60 takes heat from the refrigerant in thewater heat exchanger 22, and radiates heat to the water flowing through the main circulatingwater pipe 30 in the auxiliarywater heat exchanger 62. The mainwater heat exchanger 22 is a heat exchanger that performs heat exchange between a refrigerant and water. The auxiliarywater heat exchanger 62 is a heat exchanger that performs heat exchange between water and water. - In the warm-water supply system 1 a illustrated in
FIG. 19 , the high-temperature gas refrigerant discharged from thecompressor 21 of theheat pump 2 a heats, in the auxiliarywater heat exchanger 62, the water flowing through the auxiliary circulatingwater pipe 60; and the heated water heats, in the auxiliarywater heat exchanger 62, the water flowing through the main circulatingwater pipe 30. The flow path of water constituted by the auxiliary circulatingwater pipe 60 is a closed loop, and a scale is almost not generated in the closed loop. - (6-6) Second Modification of First Embodiment
- Employing a warm-
water supply system 1 b illustrated inFIG. 20 instead of the warm-water supply system 1 according to the first embodiment can suppress the disadvantage of generation of a scale. In the warm-water supply system 1 b inFIG. 20 , a warm-water storage unit 3 b includes aheat exchange section 38 that is not included in the warm-water storage unit 3 of the first embodiment. Theheat exchange section 38 is a portion of a circulatingwater pipe 30 b and is disposed in the warm-water storage tank 35. In the warm-water supply system 1 according to the first embodiment, water flows out from a lower portion of the warm-water storage tank 35 to the circulatingwater pipe 30, and the heated water returns to a portion near the upper end of the warm-water storage tank 35. In contrast, in the warm-water supply system 1 b illustrated inFIG. 20 , the water in the warm-water storage tank 35 is boiled using the heated water flowing through the circulatingwater pipe 30 b constituting the closed loop. The water in the warm-water storage tank 35 takes heat from the warm water flowing through theheat exchange section 38, and hence the temperature thereof increases. - In the warm-
water supply system 1 b illustrated inFIG. 20 , the flow path of water constituted by the circulatingwater pipe 30 b is a closed loop, and a scale is almost not generated in the closed loop. - Moreover, a
heat pump 2 b of the warm-water supply system 1 b illustrated inFIG. 20 includes, in addition to thewater heat exchanger 22 that functions as a use-side heat exchanger, a use-sidewater heat exchanger 22 a having a function similar to thewater heat exchanger 22. Thewater heat exchanger 22 a is disposed on the upstream side of the flow of the refrigerant of thewater heat exchanger 22, and heats the water flowing through a watercirculation flow path 190. The watercirculation flow path 190 is a closed loop flow path that connects aheat exchanger 192 disposed under a floor for floor heating and thewater heat exchanger 22 a of theheat pump 2 b. The watercirculation flow path 190 is provided with apump 194. The water which has taken heat from and been heated by the high-temperature mixed refrigerant discharged from thecompressor 21 in thewater heat exchanger 22 a is sent to theheat exchanger 192 under the floor by driving of thepump 194. The water which has radiated heat in theheat exchanger 192 and performed floor heating passes through the watercirculation flow path 190 and flows into thewater heat exchanger 22 a again. - In this case, the
heat pump 2 b contributes to warm-water supply by heating the water in the warm-water storage tank 35, and also serves as a heat source of floor heating. - (7-1) Major Configuration of Warm-Water Circulation Heating System
-
FIGS. 21 to 23 illustrate a configuration of a warm-water circulation heating system that is a warm-water generating apparatus according to a second embodiment. The warm-water circulation heating system performs heating by circulating warm water in a building and has a warm-water supply function. The warm-water circulation heating system includes atank 240 that stores warm water, in-room radiators 261 a and 262 a, in-toilet radiators heating circulation pump 251, a vaporcompression heat pump 210 for heating warm water, a warm-waterheating circulation pump 225, a warm-watersupply heat exchanger 241 a, a heated-water spray device 275, and acontrol unit 220. - The in-
room radiators 261 a and 262 a are disposed inrooms rooms - The in-
toilet radiators toilet 269 in the building, and radiate heat held by the warm water in thetoilet 269. - The indoor
heating circulation pump 251 causes the warm water to flow from thetank 240 to the in-room radiators 261 a and 262 a and the in-toilet radiators room radiators 261 a and 262 a and the in-toilet radiators tank 240 again. The warm water which has exited from thetank 240 flows through the in-room radiators 261 a and 262 a, then flows through the in-toilet radiators tank 240. - The
heat pump 210 includes a refrigerant circuit having acompressor 211, aradiator 212, anexpansion valve 213, and anevaporator 214, takes heat from the outside air by theevaporator 214, and radiates heat from theradiator 212, thereby heating the warm water flowing from thetank 240. In the present embodiment, the refrigerant circuit is filled with a refrigerant for performing a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The refrigerant is a mixed refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, and can use any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E. - The warm-water
heating circulation pump 225 causes the warm water from thetank 240 to theradiator 212 of theheat pump 210, and causes the warm water to return from theradiator 212 of theheat pump 210 to thetank 240 again. - The warm-water
supply heat exchanger 241 a is disposed in thetank 240, causes the water taken in from a water supply source and the warm water in thetank 240 to exchange heat with each other to heat water, and supplies the heated water to a warm-water supply pipe 272 in the building. The water which is heated in the warm-watersupply heat exchanger 241 a and which is supplied to the warm-water supply pipe 272 is hereinafter referred to as heated water. Note that the water which is taken in from the water supply source and supplied to the warm-water supply pipe 272 is not mixed with the warm water in thetank 240.Reference sign 241 inFIG. 21 denotes a flow path of the water flowing from the water supply source to the warm-water supply pipe 272. - The heated-
water spray device 275 is a device that sprays the heated water which is supplied from the warm-watersupply heat exchanger 241 a to the warm-water supply pipe 272, onto the outer surface of theevaporator 214 of theheat pump 210. - Note that the warm water which is stored in the
tank 240 and which circulates through the closed loop by the indoorheating circulation pump 251 and the warm-waterheating circulation pump 225 uses normal water; however, may be a liquid and does not have to be water (H2O). If there is a liquid which can decrease the powers of the indoorheating circulation pump 251 and the warm-waterheating circulation pump 225 and which can decrease the sizes of thepipes - (7−2) Overview Operation of Warm-Water Circulation Heating System
- In the warm-water circulation heating system, actuation of the warm-water
heating circulation pump 225 causes the warm water flowing from thetank 240 to theradiator 212 of theheat pump 210 to be heated using heat radiated from theradiator 212 by actuation of theheat pump 210. Accordingly, the high-temperature warm water is returned from theheat pump 210 to thetank 240. In contrast, the warm water in thetank 240 is sent to the in-room radiators 261 a and 262 a in therooms toilet radiators toilet 269 by actuation of the indoorheating circulation pump 251. The heat of the warm water shifts to the indoor airs in therooms toilet radiators rooms toilet tank 269 a, atoilet seat 269 d, and the like, in thetoilet 269. The warm water of which the temperature has decreased to about 10° C. to 20° C. is returned to thetank 240 again. The warm water whose temperature has decreased turns into high-temperature water again by actuation of theheat pump 210. - As described above, in this case, a first loop for circulation through the
tank 240 and theheat pump 210 connected by apipe 231, and a second loop for circulation through thetank 240, the in-room radiators 261 a and 262 a, and the in-toilet radiators pipe 252 are formed. The warm water circulates through the loops. Thus, the heat collected from the outside by actuation of theheat pump 210 and the heat generated by actuation of thecompressor 211 finally shift to the indoor airs in therooms toilet 269 via the warm water stored in thetank 240. - Moreover, the warm-water
supply heat exchanger 241 a is disposed in thetank 240, the water taken in from the supply water source takes heat from the warm water in thetank 24 when passing through the warm-watersupply heat exchanger 241 a and turns into the heated water, and the heated water flows to the warm-water supply pipe 272 in the building. The heated water flowing to the warm-water supply pipe 272 is to be used for ashower 273 and in abathtub 274. Furthermore, part of the heated water which has flowed to the warm-water supply pipe 272 is sprayed onto the outer surface of theevaporator 214 of theheat pump 210 by the heated-water spray device 275. The spray is periodically performed under a predetermined condition that a frost is generated on theevaporator 214 of theheat pump 210. - (7-3) Detailed Configuration of
Control Unit 220 - As illustrated in
FIGS. 21 and 24 , anoverall controller 229 controls devices belonging to theheat pump 210 and devices belonging to thetank 240 based on signals input from the outside. Theoverall controller 229 is accommodated in a casing together with three-way valves heating circulation pump 225 to form one control unit 220 (seeFIG. 21 ). - The three-
way valves tank 240 the warm water is to be drawn and sent to the in-room radiators 261 a and 262 a, and to which portion in the height direction of thetank 240 the low-temperature warm water returned from the in-toilet radiators way valves overall controller 229. - The
overall controller 229 controls, in addition to the three-way valves booster heater 242, a heat-pump control unit 219, the indoorheating circulation pump 251, the warm-waterheating circulation pump 225, warm-water flow-rate adjustment valves 253 to 255, adefrost valve 277, and so forth. Moreover, theoverall controller 229 receives signals of measurement results from a heating warm-wateroutgoing temperature sensor 252 a, a heating warm-waterreturn temperature sensor 252 b,temperature sensors 240 a to 240 e of thetank 240, a water supplypipe temperature sensor 271 a, a warm-water supplypipe temperature sensor 272 a, and so forth; and receives information on the indoor temperature and the indoor set temperature from a remote controller/thermostat 291 disposed in therooms - (7-4) Characteristics of Warm-Water Circulation Heating System
- In the warm-water circulation heating system according to the second embodiment, since the
radiator 212 of theheat pump 210 heats water using one of the above-described refrigerants A to E, efficiency is high. Moreover, the water to be heated by theradiator 212 of theheat pump 210 is stored in thetank 240 and circulates through the closed loop by the indoorheating circulation pump 251 and the warm-waterheating circulation pump 225. In other words, the water which is heated by theradiator 212 of theheat pump 210 is not mixed with the water which is taken in from the water supply source and supplied to the warm-water supply pipe 272. Thus, an excessive scale is not generated by heating of water by theradiator 212 of theheat pump 210. - (7-5) First Modification of Second Embodiment
- In the warm-water circulation heating system according to the second embodiment, the warm-
water heat exchanger 241 a disposed in thetank 240 heats the water taken in from the water supply source to generate heated water for warm-water supply; however, as illustrated inFIG. 25 , awater heat exchanger 112 may generate heated water. In the warm-water circulation heating system illustrated inFIG. 25 , a watercirculation flow path 110 and apump 115 constituting a third loop are provided, warm water is taken out from an upper portion of thetank 240, the warm water passes through thewater heat exchanger 112, and then the warm water from which heat is radiated is returned to a lower portion of thetank 240. In thewater heat exchanger 112, the water taken in from the water supply source is heated by heat radiated from the warm water flowing from thetank 240, the water becomes heated water for warm-water supply, and the heated water flows to the warm-water supply pipe 272.Reference sign 118 inFIG. 25 denotes a flow path of water flowing from the water supply source to the warm-water supply pipe 272. - (7-6) Second Modification of Second Embodiment
- In the warm-water circulation heating system according to the second embodiment, the warm water is fed from the lower portion of the
tank 240 to theradiator 212 of theheat pump 210, and the warm water is returned from theradiator 212 of theheat pump 210 to the upper portion of thetank 240 again by the warm-waterheating circulation pump 225. However, as illustrated inFIG. 26 , theradiator 212 may be omitted, a refrigerantcirculation flow path 217 that guides a high-temperature high-pressure mixed refrigerant discharged from thecompressor 211 to the inside of thetank 240 may be provided, and the water in thetank 240 may be heated by aheat exchanger 216 disposed in thetank 240. In the warm-water circulation heating system illustrated inFIG. 26 , theheat exchanger 216 in thetank 240 is disposed near a warm-watersupply heat exchanger 241 a. The high-temperature refrigerant which has flowed through the refrigerantcirculation flow path 217 radiates heat to the water in thetank 240 in theheat exchanger 216, is condensed and turns into a low-temperature high-pressure refrigerant in a liquid phase, and is returned to a unit of theheat pump 210. The liquid refrigerant returned to the unit of theheat pump 210 is decompressed at theexpansion valve 213, flows into theevaporator 214, and takes heat from the outside air to be evaporated. Then, the mixed refrigerant is compressed in thecompressor 211 again and turns into a high-temperature high-pressure mixed refrigerant. The water in thetank 240 heated by theheat exchanger 216 heats the water flowing through the warm-watersupply heat exchanger 241 a that is adjacent to theheat exchanger 216. Moreover, the heat of the refrigerant is transferred to the warm-watersupply heat exchanger 241 a also by radiation from theheat exchanger 216. The water taken in from the water supply source and flowing through the warm-watersupply heat exchanger 241 a takes heat from theheat exchanger 216 via the water in thetank 240, takes heat from theheat exchanger 216 also by radiation, and hence the water becomes heated water. - In the warm-water circulation heating system illustrated in
FIG. 26 , the water in thetank 240 is separated from the water flowing from the water supply source to the warm-water supply pipe 272 (water flowing through a flow path 241). Even when theheat exchanger 216 in thetank 240 that functions as the condenser of the mixed refrigerant rapidly heats the water, the amount of generation of a scale is less. -
FIG. 27 is a schematic configuration diagram of a warm-water supply system 310 serving as a warm-water generating apparatus according to a third embodiment. The warm-water supply system 310 is warm-water supply equipment used in a large-size facility, such as a hospital, a sport facility, or the like. As illustrated inFIG. 27 , the warm-water supply system 310 mainly includes awater receiving tank 320, aheat source unit 330, a warm-water storage tank 340, a warm-water use section 350, acontrol section 360, awater supply line 312, a warm-water exit line 314, and a warm-water circulation path 316. Thewater supply line 312 is a pipe that connects thewater receiving tank 320 and theheat source unit 330. The warm-water exit line 314 is a pipe that connects theheat source unit 330 and the warm-water storage tank 340 to each other. The warm-water circulation path 316 is a pipe that connects the warm-water storage tank 340 and the warm-water use section 350 to each other. InFIG. 27 , arrows along thewater supply line 312, the warm-water exit line 314, and the warm-water circulation path 316 represent directions in which water or warm water flows. Next, thewater receiving tank 320, theheat source unit 330, the warm-water storage tank 340, the warm-water use section 350, and thecontrol section 360 are described. - (8-1) Water Receiving Tank
- The
water receiving tank 320 is a tank for storing water to be used by the warm-water supply system 310. Thewater receiving tank 320 is connected to a water supply or the like. Thewater receiving tank 320 supplies water to theheat source unit 330 via thewater supply line 312. The water-supply pressure of thewater receiving tank 320 is 40 kPa to 500 kPa. - (8-2) Heat Source Unit
- The
heat source unit 330 is installed outside a room. Theheat source unit 330 receives a supply with water from thewater receiving tank 320 via thewater supply line 312. Theheat source unit 330 heats the water taken in from thewater supply line 312. Theheat source unit 330 sends warm water which is heated water to the warm-water storage tank 340 via the warm-water exit line 314. -
FIG. 28 is a schematic configuration diagram of theheat source unit 330.FIG. 29 is a block diagram of the warm-water supply system 310. As illustrated inFIGS. 28 and 29 , theheat source unit 330 mainly includes awater flow path 331, awater supply pump 332, asecond heat exchanger 333, a refrigerantcirculation flow path 334, acompressor 335, anexpansion valve 336, afirst heat exchanger 337, and a warm-waterexit temperature sensor 338. Thewater flow path 331 is connected to thewater supply pump 332 and thesecond heat exchanger 333. The refrigerantcirculation flow path 334 is connected to thecompressor 335, theexpansion valve 336, and thefirst heat exchanger 337. InFIG. 28 , arrows along thewater flow path 331 and the refrigerantcirculation flow path 334 represent directions in which the water or the refrigerant flows. Next, respective components of theheat source unit 330 are described. - (8-2-1) Water Flow Path
- The
water flow path 331 is a pipe through which the water taken in from thewater supply line 312 flows. Thewater flow path 331 is constituted of afirst water pipe 331 a, asecond water pipe 331 b, and a third water pipe 331 c. Thefirst water pipe 331 a is connected to thewater supply line 312 and is also connected to the suction port of thewater supply pump 332. Thesecond water pipe 331 b is connected to the discharge port of thewater supply pump 332 and is also connected to a water pipe 333 a of thesecond heat exchanger 333. The third water pipe 331 c is connected to the water pipe 333 a of thesecond heat exchanger 333 and is also connected to the warm-water exit line 314. The third water pipe 331 c is provided with the warm-waterexit temperature sensor 338 for measuring the temperature of the water flowing through the third water pipe 331 c, at a position near the connection portion with respect to the warm-water exit line 314. - (8-2-2) Warm-Water Supply Pump
- The
water supply pump 332 is a capacity variable pump, and hence can adjust the amount of water flowing through thewater flow path 331. The water flowing through thewater flow path 331 is supplied from thewater supply line 312, passes through thewater supply pump 332 and thesecond heat exchanger 333, and is supplied to the warm-water exit line 314. - (8-2-3) Second Heat Exchanger
- The
second heat exchanger 333 includes the water pipe 333 a through which the water flowing through thewater flow path 331 passes, and arefrigerant pipe 333 b through which the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerantcirculation flow path 334 passes. Thesecond heat exchanger 333 is, for example, a tornado heat exchanger having a configuration in which therefrigerant pipe 333 b is wound around the outer periphery of the water pipe 333 a in a helical form and a groove is formed in the water pipe 333 a. In thesecond heat exchanger 333, low-temperature water flowing through the water pipe 333 a and a high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant flowing through therefrigerant pipe 333 b exchange heat with each other. The low-temperature water flowing through the water pipe 333 a of thesecond heat exchanger 333 exchanges heat with the high-temperature refrigerant flowing through therefrigerant pipe 333 b of thesecond heat exchanger 333 and hence is heated. Accordingly, the water supplied from thewater supply line 312 is heated in thesecond heat exchanger 333, and is supplied as warm water to the warm-water exit line 314. - (8-2-4) Refrigerant Circulation Flow Path
- The refrigerant
circulation flow path 334 is a pipe through which the refrigerant circulates, heat of the refrigerant being exchanged with heat of the water in thesecond heat exchanger 333. In the present embodiment, the refrigerantcirculation flow path 334 is filled with a refrigerant for performing a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The refrigerant is a mixed refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, and can use any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E. - As illustrated in
FIG. 28 , the refrigerantcirculation flow path 334 couples the discharge port of thecompressor 335 and therefrigerant pipe 333 b of thesecond heat exchanger 333 to each other, couples therefrigerant pipe 333 b of thesecond heat exchanger 333 and theexpansion valve 336 to each other, couples theexpansion valve 336 and thefirst heat exchanger 337 to each other, and couples thefirst heat exchanger 337 and the suction port of thecompressor 335 to each other. Thesecond heat exchanger 333 has a function as a condenser in a refrigeration cycle. Thefirst heat exchanger 337 has a function as an evaporator in the refrigeration cycle. - (8-2-5) Compressor
- The
compressor 335 is a capacity variable inverter compressor. Thecompressor 335 sucks and compresses the low-pressure gas refrigerant flowing through the refrigerantcirculation flow path 334. The high-temperature high-pressure gas refrigerant compressed in thecompressor 335 is discharged from thecompressor 335, and sent to therefrigerant pipe 333 b of thesecond heat exchanger 333. In thesecond heat exchanger 333, the high-temperature high-pressure gas refrigerant flowing through therefrigerant pipe 333 b of thesecond heat exchanger 333 exchanges heat with the low-temperature water flowing through the water pipe 333 a of thesecond heat exchanger 333. Thus, in thesecond heat exchanger 333, the high-temperature high-pressure gas refrigerant is condensed and turns into a high-pressure liquid refrigerant. - (8-2-6) Expansion Valve
- The
expansion valve 336 is an electric valve for adjusting the pressure and the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerantcirculation flow path 334. The high-pressure liquid refrigerant which has exchanged heat in therefrigerant pipe 333 b of thesecond heat exchanger 333 is decompressed by passing through theexpansion valve 336, and turns into a low-pressure refrigerant in a gas-liquid two-phase state. - (8-2-7) First Heat Exchanger
- The
first heat exchanger 337 is, for example, a plate fin-and-coil heat exchanger. Afan 337 a is provided near thefirst heat exchanger 337. Thefan 337 a sends the outside air to thefirst heat exchanger 337, and discharges the outside air which has exchanged heat with the refrigerant in thefirst heat exchanger 337. In thefirst heat exchanger 337, the low-pressure refrigerant in a gas-liquid two-phase state decompressed at theexpansion valve 336 is evaporated through heat exchange with the outside air supplied by thefan 337 a and turns into a low-pressure gas refrigerant. The low-pressure gas refrigerant which has passed through thefirst heat exchanger 337 is sent to thecompressor 335. - (8-2-8) Warm-Water Exit Temperature Sensor
- The warm-water
exit temperature sensor 338 is a temperature sensor that is attached to the third water pipe 331 c, at a position near the connection portion between the third water pipe 331 c of thewater flow path 331 and the warm-water exit line 314. The warm-waterexit temperature sensor 338 measures the temperature of the water heated in thesecond heat exchanger 333 and flowing through the third water pipe 331 c. That is, the warm-waterexit temperature sensor 338 measures the temperature of the warm water supplied by theheat source unit 330. - (8-3) Warm-Water Storage Tank
- The warm-
water storage tank 340 is an open warm-water storage tank for storing the warm water supplied from theheat source unit 330 via the warm-water exit line 314. The warm-water storage tank 340 is, for example, a tank made of stainless steel and a tank made of FRP. The warm water stored in the warm-water storage tank 340 is supplied to the warm-water use section 350 via the warm-water circulation path 316. As illustrated inFIG. 27 , the warm-water circulation path 316 is constituted of a first warm-water pipe 316 a and a second warm-water pipe 316 b. The warm-water storage tank 340 supplies the warm water stored therein to the first warm-water pipe 316 a, and sends the warm water to the warm-water use section 350 via the first warm-water pipe 316 a. The warm water which has not been used in the warm-water use section 350 is returned to the warm-water storage tank 340 via the second warm-water pipe 316 b. That is, part of the warm water stored in the warm-water storage tank 340 flows through the first warm-water pipe 316 a and the second warm-water pipe 316 b, and is returned to the warm-water storage tank 340 again. - Note that, as illustrated in
FIG. 27 , a warm-water supply pump 351 is attached to the first warm-water pipe 316 a. The warm-water supply pump 351 is a pressure pump for sending the warm water stored in the warm-water storage tank 340 to the warm-water use section 350. The warm-water supply pump 351 is a capacity variable pump, and hence can adjust the amount of warm water to be sent to the warm-water use section 350. - As illustrated in
FIG. 29 , the warm-water storage tank 340 mainly includes aheat retaining heater 341, a water-pressure sensor 342, afloat switch 343, and a warm-waterstorage temperature sensor 344. Next, respective components of the warm-water storage tank 340 are described. - (8-3-1) Keep-Warm Heater
- The
heat retaining heater 341 is a heater attached to the inside of the warm-water storage tank 340 to retain the temperature of the warm water stored in the warm-water storage tank 340 at a temperature at which the warm water can be used as warm water in the warm-water use section 350 or higher. The warm-water storage tank 340 performs a heat retaining operation on the warm water stored therein using theheat retaining heater 341. - (8-3-2) Water-Pressure Sensor
- The water-
pressure sensor 342 is a sensor for measuring the residual amount of the warm water stored in the warm-water storage tank 340. The water-pressure sensor 342 is attached to a lower portion of the inside of the warm-water storage tank 340 and detects the water pressure due to the warm water in the warm-water storage tank 340, to calculate the residual amount and the water level of the warm water stored in the warm-water storage tank 340. The water-pressure sensor 342 can detect, for example, whether the residual amount of the warm water stored in the warm-water storage tank 340 is less than a target residual warm water amount which is previously set. - (8-3-3) Float Switch
- The
float switch 343 auxiliary detects the residual amount of the warm water stored in the warm-water storage tank 340 using a float that moves up and down in accordance with the water level of the warm water stored in the warm-water storage tank 340. - (8-3-4) Warm-Water Storage Temperature Sensor
- The warm-water
storage temperature sensor 344 is a temperature sensor that is installed in the warm-water storage tank 340, at a position near the connection portion between the first warm-water pipe 316 a of the warm-water circulation path 316 and the warm-water storage tank 340. The warm-waterstorage temperature sensor 344 measures the temperature of the warm water stored in the warm-water storage tank 340. - (8-4) Warm-Water Use Section
- The warm-
water use section 350 indicates places, such as a kitchen, a shower, a pool, and so forth, where the warm water stored in thewarm water tank 340 is to be used. The warm water stored in the warm-water storage tank 340 is supplied to the warm-water use section 350 by the warm-water supply pump 351 via the first warm-water pipe 316 a of the warm-water circulation path 316. The warm-water use section 350 may not use all the warm water supplied via the first warm-water pipe 316 a. The warm water which has not been used in the warm-water use section 350 is returned to the warm-water storage tank 340 via the second warm-water pipe 316 b of the warm-water circulation path 316. - (8-5) Control Unit
- As illustrated in
FIG. 29 , thecontrol section 360 is connected to a component of the warm-water supply system 310. Specifically, thecontrol section 360 is connected to thewater supply pump 332, thecompressor 335, theexpansion valve 336, thefan 337 a, the warm-waterexit temperature sensor 338, theheat retaining heater 341, the water-pressure sensor 342, thefloat switch 343, the warm-waterstorage temperature sensor 344, and the warm-water supply pump 351. Thecontrol section 360 is installed in, for example, an electric component unit (not illustrated) in theheat source unit 330. - The
control section 360 is a computer for controlling the components of the warm-water supply system 310. For example, thecontrol section 360 controls the number of revolutions of thewater supply pump 332, the operating frequency of thecompressor 335, the opening degree of theexpansion valve 336, the number of revolutions of thefan 337 a, the power consumption of theheat retaining heater 341, and the number of revolutions of the warm-water supply pump 351; and acquires measurement values of the warm-waterexit temperature sensor 338, the water-pressure sensor 342, thefloat switch 343, and the warm-waterstorage temperature sensor 344. - Moreover, as illustrated in
FIG. 29 , thecontrol section 360 is connected to aremote controller 370. Theremote controller 370 is a device for controlling the warm-water supply system 310. - (8-6) Characteristics of Warm-Water Supply System
- In the warm-water supply system according to the third embodiment, since the
second heat exchanger 333 of theheat source unit 330 heats water using one of the above-described refrigerants A to E, efficiency is high. - The embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above, and it is understood that the embodiments and details can be modified in various ways without departing from the idea and scope of the present disclosure described in the claims.
-
-
- 1 warm-water supply system (warm-water generating apparatus)
- 1 a warm-water supply system (warm-water generating apparatus)
- 1 b warm-water supply system (warm-water generating apparatus)
- 21 compressor
- 22 water heat exchanger (second heat exchanger)
- 23 expansion valve (expansion mechanism)
- 24 air heat exchanger (first heat exchanger)
- 30 circulating water pipe (circulation flow path; second circulation flow path)
- 30 b circulating water pipe (first circulation flow path)
- 35 warm-water storage tank (tank)
- 38 heat exchange section (part of first circulation flow path)
- 60 auxiliary circulating water pipe (first circulation flow path)
- 62 auxiliary water heat exchanger (third heat exchanger)
- 110 water circulation pipe (second circulation flow path)
- 112 water heat exchanger (third heat exchanger)
- 118 flow path (third flow path)
- 211 compressor
- 212 radiator (second heat exchanger)
- 213 expansion valve (expansion mechanism)
- 214 evaporator (second heat exchanger)
- 231 pipe (first circulation flow path)
- 240 tank
- 241 flow path (second flow path)
- 241 a warm-water supply heat exchanger (part of second flow path)
- 320 water receiving tank (water supply source)
- 312 water supply line (flow path)
- 314 warm-water exit line (flow path)
- 331 water flow path (flow path)
- 333 second heat exchanger
- 335 compressor
- 336 expansion valve (expansion mechanism)
- 337 first heat exchanger
- 340 warm-water storage tank (tank)
- PTL 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2003−083614
Claims (32)
1. A warm-water generating apparatus using a refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), comprising:
a compressor;
a heat-source-side first heat exchanger;
an expansion mechanism; and
a use-side second heat exchanger,
wherein the second heat exchanger causes the refrigerant flowing therein and first water to exchange heat with each other to heat the first water.
2. The warm-water generating apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a tank; and
a circulation flow path that allows the first water to circulate between the tank and the second heat exchanger.
3. The warm-water generating apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a first circulation flow path that allows the first water heated by the second heat exchanger to circulate;
a second circulation flow path that is different from the first circulation flow path;
a third heat exchanger that causes the first water flowing through the first circulation flow path and second water flowing through the second circulation flow path to exchange heat with each other to heat the second water flowing through the second circulation flow path; and
a tank that stores the second water heated by the third heat exchanger.
4. The warm-water generating apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a first circulation flow path that allows the first water heated by the second heat exchanger to circulate; and
a tank,
wherein a portion of the first circulation flow path is disposed in the tank and allows the first water flowing through the first circulation flow path and second water in the tank to exchange heat with each other to heat the second water in the tank.
5. The warm-water generating apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a tank;
a first circulation flow path that allows the first water to circulate between the second heat exchanger and the tank;
a third heat exchanger;
a second circulation flow path that allows the first water to circulate between the third heat exchanger and the tank; and
a third flow path that is different from the first circulation flow path and the second circulation flow path,
wherein the third heat exchanger causes the first water flowing from the tank and third water flowing through the third flow path to exchange heat with each other to heat the third water flowing through the third flow path.
6. The warm-water generating apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a tank;
a first circulation flow path that allows the first water to circulate between the tank and the second heat exchanger; and
a second flow path that is different from the first circulation flow path,
wherein a portion of the second flow path is disposed in the tank and allows the first water in the tank and second water flowing through the second flow path to exchange heat with each other to heat the second water flowing through the second flow path.
7. The warm-water generating apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a tank that stores the first water; and
a flow path that has a portion disposed in the tank and through which second water flows,
wherein the second heat exchanger heats, in the tank, the first water stored in the tank, and
wherein the first water stored in the tank heats the second water flowing through the flow path.
8. The warm-water generating apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a tank; and
a flow path through which the first water flows from a water supply source to the tank,
wherein the second heat exchanger heats the first water flowing through the flow path.
9. The warm-water generating apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a use-side fourth heat exchanger that is different from the second heat exchanger; and
a fourth circulation flow path through which fourth water for cooling or heating flows,
wherein the fourth heat exchanger causes the refrigerant flowing therein and the fourth water flowing through the fourth circulation flow path to exchange heat with each other to cool or heat the fourth water.
10. The warm-water generating apparatus according to claim 1 ,
wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).
11. The warm-water generating apparatus according to claim 10 ,
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0),
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD, CO, and OA);
the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x2−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x2−0.3329x+19.6),
the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x2−0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.
12. The warm-water generating apparatus according to claim 10 ,
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments GI, IA, AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CG that connect the following 8 points:
point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments IA, BD, and CG);
the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x2−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x2−0.3329x+19.6),
the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x2−0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.
13. The warm-water generating apparatus according to claim 10 ,
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1),
point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD and CJ);
the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x2+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x2−13.112x+380.43),
the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x2−29.955x+931.91, −0.2421x2+28.955x−831.91),
the line segment KA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x2−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x2−0.3329x+19.6),
the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x2−0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.
14. The warm-water generating apparatus according to claim 10 ,
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD and CJ);
the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x2+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x2−13.112x+380.43)
the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x2−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x2−0.3329x+19.6),
the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x2−0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.
15. The warm-water generating apparatus according to claim 10 ,
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TP that connect the following 7 points:
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and
point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment BF);
the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x2+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x2−13.112x+380.43),
the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x2−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x2−0.2499x+38.2),
the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x2−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x2−0.2393x+36.475), and
the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.
16. The warm-water generating apparatus according to claim 10 ,
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP that connect the following 4 points:
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and
point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9),
or on the above line segments;
the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x2+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x2−13.112x+380.43),
the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x2−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x2−0.2393x+36.475), and
the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.
17. The warm-water generating apparatus according to claim 10 ,
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TS that connect the following 6 points:
point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1),
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and
point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
or on the above line segments,
the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x2−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x2−0.2499x+38.2),
the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (x, −0.0017x2−0.7869x+70.888, −0.0017x2−0.2131x+29.112), and
the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.
18. The warm-water generating apparatus according to claim 1 ,
wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and
the refrigerant comprises 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.
19. The warm-water generating apparatus according to claim 1 ,
wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and
the refrigerant comprises 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.
20. The warm-water generating apparatus according to claim 1 ,
wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32),
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD′, D′C, and CG that connect the following 6 points:
point G (0.026a2−1.7478a+72.0, −0.026a2+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0),
point I (0.026a2−1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, −0.026a2+0.7478a+28.0),
point A (0.0134a2−1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, −0.0134a2+0.9681a+31.4),
point B (0.0, 0.0144a2−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a2+0.6377a+41.3),
point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a2+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a2−1.968a+24.6), and
point C (−0.2304a2−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a2−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),
or on the straight lines GI, AB, and D′C (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, point D′, and point C);
if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
point G (0.02a2−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a2+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0),
point I (0.02a2−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a2+0.6013a+28.895),
point A (0.0112a2−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a2+0.9337a+31.516),
point B (0.0, 0.0075a2−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a2+0.5156a+41.801), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
point G (0.0135a2−1.4068a+69.727, −0.0135a2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0),
point I (0.0135a2−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, −0.0135a2+0.4068a+30.273),
point A (0.0107a2−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a2+0.9142a+31.695),
point B (0.0, 0.009a2−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a2+0.6045a+40.682), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
point G (0.0111a2−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0),
point I (0.0111a2−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a2+0.3152a+31.014),
point A (0.0103a2−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a2+0.9225a+31.207),
point B (0.0, 0.0046a2−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a2+0.41a+42.714), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); and
if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
point G (0.0061a2−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a2−0.0082a+36.098, 0.0),
point I (0.0061a2−0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, −0.0061a2−0.0082a+36.098),
point A (0.0085a2−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a2+0.8102a+32.9),
point B (0.0, 0.0012a2−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a2+0.1659a+47.05), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W).
21. The warm-water generating apparatus according to claim 1 ,
wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32),
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100-a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BD′, D′C, and CJ that connect the following 5 points:
point J (0.0049a2−0.9645a+47.1, −0.0049a2−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0),
point K′ (0.0514a2−2.4353a+61.7, −0.0323a2+0.4122a+5.9, −0.0191a2+1.0231a+32.4),
point B (0.0, 0.0144a2−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a2+0.6377a+41.3),
point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a2+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a2−1.968a+24.6), and
point C (−0.2304a2−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a2−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),
or on the straight lines JK′, K′B, and D′C (excluding point J, point B, point D′, and point C);
if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:
point J (0.0243a2−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0),
point K′ (0.0341a2−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a2+0.34a+5.636, −0.0105a2+0.8577a+33.177),
point B (0.0, 0.0075a2−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a2+0.5156a+41.801), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);
if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:
point J (0.0246a2−1.4476a+50.184, −0.0246a2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0),
point K′ (0.0196a2−1.7863a+58.515, −0.0079a2−0.1136a+8.702, −0.0117a2+0.8999a+32.783),
point B (0.0, 0.009a2−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a2+0.6045a+40.682), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);
if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:
point J (0.0183a2−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a2+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0),
point K′ (−0.0051a2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a2−1.0929a+74.05),
point A (0.0103a2−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a2+0.9225a+31.207),
point B (0.0, 0.0046a2−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a2+0.41a+42.714), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W); and
if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:
point J (−0.0134a2+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a2−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0),
point K′ (−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557),
point A (0.0085a2−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a2+0.8102a+32.9),
point B (0.0, 0.0012a2−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a2+0.1659a+47.05), and
point W (0.0, 100.0-a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W).
22. The warm-water generating apparatus according to claim 1 ,
wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:
point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI;
the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.0236y2−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y2+0.7616y+28.0);
the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y2−1.9003y+58.3, y, −0.012y2+0.9003y+41.7); and
the line segments JN and EI are straight lines.
23. The warm-water generating apparatus according to claim 1 ,
wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM′, M′N, NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5 points:
point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),
point M′(39.2, 5.0, 55.8),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),
point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and
point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);
the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y2−3.34y+52.6, y, −0.132y2+2.34y+47.4);
the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates (0.0596y2−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y2+1.2541y+51.02);
the line segment VG is represented by coordinates (0.0123y2−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y2+0.8033y+60.4); and
the line segments NV and GM are straight lines.
24. The warm-water generating apparatus according to claim 1 ,
wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3 points:
point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),
or on these line segments;
the line segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y2−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y2−0.3299y+62.488);
the line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y2−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y2+0.7403y+43.365); and
the line segment UO is a straight line.
25. The warm-water generating apparatus according to claim 1 ,
wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points:
point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),
point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and
point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),
or on these line segments;
the line segment QR is represented by coordinates (0.0099y2−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y2+0.975y+15.235);
the line segment RT is represented by coordinates (0.0082y2−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y2+0.8683y+16.874);
the line segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y2−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y2−0.1158y+38.512);
the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates (0.0095y2−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y2+0.2222y+32.324); and
the line segment TL is a straight line.
26. The warm-water generating apparatus according to claim 1 ,
wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:
point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),
point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
or on these line segments;
the line segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y2−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y2−0.2897y+59.9);
the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (0.0082y2−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y2+0.8683y+16.874); and
the line segment TP is a straight line.
27. The warm-water generating apparatus according to claim 1 ,
wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32),
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IK, KB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GI that connect the following 6 points:
point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4),
point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),
point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GI);
the line segment IK is represented by coordinates (0.025z2−1.7429z+72.00, −0.025z2+0.7429z+28.0, z),
the line segment HR is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z2−5.234z+88.94, z),
the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments KB′ and GI are straight lines.
28. The warm-water generating apparatus according to claim 1 ,
wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32),
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JR, RG, and GI that connect the following 4 points:
point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GI);
the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.025z2−1.7429z+72.0, −0.025z2+0.7429z+28.0, z),
the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.
29. The warm-water generating apparatus according to claim 1 ,
wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32),
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MP, PB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GM that connect the following 6 points:
point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),
point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),
point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GM);
the line segment MP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z2−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z2−0.016z+52.9, z),
the line segment HR is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z2−5.234z+88.94, z),
the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments PB′ and GM are straight lines.
30. The warm-water generating apparatus according to claim 1 ,
wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32),
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MN, NR, RG, and GM that connect the following 4 points:
point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);
the line segment MN is represented by coordinates (0.0083z2−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z2−0.016z+52.9, z),
the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.
31. The warm-water generating apparatus according to claim 1 ,
wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32),
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:
point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),
point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and
point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2),
or on these line segments;
the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (−0.0982z2+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z2−1.9622z+59.069, z),
the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z2−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z2−0.016z+52.9, z), and
the line segment PS is a straight line.
32. The warm-water generating apparatus according to claim 1 ,
wherein
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32),
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QB″, B″D, DU, and UQ that connect the following 4 points:
point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),
point B″ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0),
point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and
point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment B″D);
the line segment DU is represented by coordinates (−3.4962z2+210.71z−3146.1, 3.4962z2−211.71z+3246.1, z),
the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates (0.0135z2−0.9181z+44.133, −0.0135z2−0.0819z+55.867, z), and
the line segments QB″ and B″D are straight lines.
Applications Claiming Priority (19)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2017-242187 | 2017-12-18 | ||
JP2017242185 | 2017-12-18 | ||
JP2017242186 | 2017-12-18 | ||
JP2017-242183 | 2017-12-18 | ||
JP2017242187 | 2017-12-18 | ||
JP2017242183 | 2017-12-18 | ||
JP2017-242186 | 2017-12-18 | ||
JP2017-242185 | 2017-12-18 | ||
PCT/JP2018/037483 WO2019123782A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-10-05 | Composition comprising refrigerant, use thereof, refrigerating machine having same, and method for operating said refrigerating machine |
JPPCT/JP2018/037483 | 2018-10-05 | ||
PCT/JP2018/038747 WO2019123805A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-10-17 | Composition containing refrigerant, use of said composition, refrigerator having said composition, and method for operating said refrigerator |
JPPCT/JP2018/038747 | 2018-10-17 | ||
PCT/JP2018/038748 WO2019123806A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-10-17 | Composition containing refrigerant, use of said composition, refrigerator having said composition, and method for operating said refrigerator |
JPPCT/JP2018/038748 | 2018-10-17 | ||
JPPCT/JP2018/038749 | 2018-10-17 | ||
PCT/JP2018/038746 WO2019123804A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-10-17 | Refrigerant-containing composition, use thereof, refrigerating machine having same, and method for operating said refrigerating machine |
JPPCT/JP2018/038746 | 2018-10-17 | ||
PCT/JP2018/038749 WO2019123807A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-10-17 | Composition containing refrigerant, use of said composition, refrigerator having said composition, and method for operating said refrigerator |
PCT/JP2018/045979 WO2019124230A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-13 | Hot water production device |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2018/045979 A-371-Of-International WO2019124230A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-13 | Hot water production device |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US16/913,512 Continuation-In-Part US20200326100A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2020-06-26 | Warm-water generating apparatus |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20200309411A1 true US20200309411A1 (en) | 2020-10-01 |
Family
ID=66992715
Family Applications (22)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US16/954,651 Abandoned US20200339856A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-11-13 | Refrigerating oil for refrigerant or refrigerant composition, method for using refrigerating oil, and use of refrigerating oil |
US16/954,631 Abandoned US20200392389A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-11-13 | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US16/954,613 Abandoned US20200309437A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-10 | Refrigeration cycle apparatus and method of determining refrigerant enclosure amount in refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US16/955,465 Abandoned US20210003323A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-10 | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US16/954,973 Abandoned US20200333051A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-10 | Refrigeration cycle |
US16/954,669 Abandoned US20210164703A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-10 | Air-conditioning unit |
US16/954,956 Abandoned US20200378662A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-11 | Air conditioning apparatus |
US16/954,967 Abandoned US20200309411A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-13 | Warm-water generating apparatus |
US16/955,218 Abandoned US20200333049A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-13 | Refrigeration apparatus |
US16/954,745 Abandoned US20210095897A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-17 | Heat source unit and refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US16/954,718 Abandoned US20200386459A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-17 | Heat exchange unit |
US16/955,222 Abandoned US20200333041A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-17 | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US16/772,927 Abandoned US20210163804A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-17 | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US16/955,565 Active US11535781B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-18 | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US16/772,961 Abandoned US20210164701A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-18 | Air conditioner |
US16/954,679 Abandoned US20200309419A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-18 | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US16/955,207 Abandoned US20200340714A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-18 | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US16/954,702 Abandoned US20200362215A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-18 | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US16/772,953 Abandoned US20210164698A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-18 | Air conditioner |
US16/772,976 Abandoned US20200393175A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-18 | Compressor |
US16/772,986 Abandoned US20200393176A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-18 | Compressor |
US17/991,204 Abandoned US20230097829A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2022-11-21 | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
Family Applications Before (7)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US16/954,651 Abandoned US20200339856A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-11-13 | Refrigerating oil for refrigerant or refrigerant composition, method for using refrigerating oil, and use of refrigerating oil |
US16/954,631 Abandoned US20200392389A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-11-13 | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US16/954,613 Abandoned US20200309437A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-10 | Refrigeration cycle apparatus and method of determining refrigerant enclosure amount in refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US16/955,465 Abandoned US20210003323A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-10 | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US16/954,973 Abandoned US20200333051A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-10 | Refrigeration cycle |
US16/954,669 Abandoned US20210164703A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-10 | Air-conditioning unit |
US16/954,956 Abandoned US20200378662A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-11 | Air conditioning apparatus |
Family Applications After (14)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US16/955,218 Abandoned US20200333049A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-13 | Refrigeration apparatus |
US16/954,745 Abandoned US20210095897A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-17 | Heat source unit and refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US16/954,718 Abandoned US20200386459A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-17 | Heat exchange unit |
US16/955,222 Abandoned US20200333041A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-17 | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US16/772,927 Abandoned US20210163804A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-17 | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US16/955,565 Active US11535781B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-18 | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US16/772,961 Abandoned US20210164701A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-18 | Air conditioner |
US16/954,679 Abandoned US20200309419A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-18 | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US16/955,207 Abandoned US20200340714A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-18 | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US16/954,702 Abandoned US20200362215A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-18 | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US16/772,953 Abandoned US20210164698A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-18 | Air conditioner |
US16/772,976 Abandoned US20200393175A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-18 | Compressor |
US16/772,986 Abandoned US20200393176A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-18 | Compressor |
US17/991,204 Abandoned US20230097829A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2022-11-21 | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (22) | US20200339856A1 (en) |
EP (19) | EP3730569A4 (en) |
JP (22) | JPWO2019123898A1 (en) |
KR (11) | KR102655619B1 (en) |
CN (21) | CN111511874A (en) |
AU (11) | AU2018390660B2 (en) |
BR (10) | BR112020011145A2 (en) |
PH (10) | PH12020550899A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2019124409A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (39)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10119738B2 (en) | 2014-09-26 | 2018-11-06 | Waterfurnace International Inc. | Air conditioning system with vapor injection compressor |
US11839062B2 (en) | 2016-08-02 | 2023-12-05 | Munters Corporation | Active/passive cooling system |
US20220389299A1 (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2022-12-08 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
KR20200098592A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2020-08-20 | 다이킨 고교 가부시키가이샤 | Composition containing a refrigerant, its use, and a refrigerator having the same, and a method of operating the refrigerator |
CN113637457A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2021-11-12 | 大金工业株式会社 | Composition containing refrigerant, use thereof, refrigerator having same, and method for operating refrigerator |
US11506425B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2022-11-22 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
AU2018390660B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2023-01-05 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Refrigeration Cycle Apparatus |
US11441802B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2022-09-13 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Air conditioning apparatus |
US11493244B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2022-11-08 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Air-conditioning unit |
US11820933B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2023-11-21 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US11906207B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2024-02-20 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Refrigeration apparatus |
US11441819B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2022-09-13 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US11365335B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2022-06-21 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Composition comprising refrigerant, use thereof, refrigerating machine having same, and method for operating said refrigerating machine |
US11435118B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2022-09-06 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Heat source unit and refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US11549041B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2023-01-10 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Composition containing refrigerant, use of said composition, refrigerator having said composition, and method for operating said refrigerator |
US11549695B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2023-01-10 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Heat exchange unit |
JP6964672B2 (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2021-11-10 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Rotors, motors, blowers and air conditioners |
US11592215B2 (en) | 2018-08-29 | 2023-02-28 | Waterfurnace International, Inc. | Integrated demand water heating using a capacity modulated heat pump with desuperheater |
US20220235987A1 (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2022-07-28 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Freezing device |
US20210003322A1 (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2021-01-07 | Heatcraft Refrigeration Products Llc | Cooling System |
EP3879207B1 (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2023-09-06 | Trane International Inc. | Refrigeration apparatuses and operating method thereof |
CN115398163B (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2023-11-10 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Relay and air conditioner provided with same |
CN111555480B (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2021-04-30 | 安徽美芝精密制造有限公司 | Motor, compressor and refrigeration plant |
DE102020115275A1 (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2021-12-09 | Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for operating a compression refrigeration system and compression refrigeration system |
CN112290783A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2021-01-29 | 海信(山东)空调有限公司 | Air conditioner and IPM module bootstrap circuit pre-charging control method |
JP7108208B2 (en) * | 2020-10-09 | 2022-07-28 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Compositions containing refrigerants and methods of stabilizing compositions containing refrigerants |
CN112396818B (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-09-24 | 贵州电网有限责任公司 | Portable mobile detection terminal |
US11913672B2 (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2024-02-27 | Goodman Global Group, Inc. | Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning system with dehumidification |
JP7174278B2 (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2022-11-17 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Air conditioner and method for replacing functional parts |
US11754316B2 (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2023-09-12 | Villara Corporation | Providing domestic hot water from conventional residential split system heat pumps |
CN113294884B (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2022-04-19 | 宁波奥克斯电气股份有限公司 | Heating control method and device and air conditioner |
CN113432196B (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2022-10-18 | 深圳市科信通信技术股份有限公司 | Air conditioning system |
US20230015422A1 (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2023-01-19 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Direct current load identification system |
CN113864984B (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-11-18 | 宁波奥克斯电气股份有限公司 | APF automatic debugging method and device for air conditioner, computer equipment and storage medium |
CN114061143B (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2023-05-30 | 深圳职业技术学院 | Direct heating type multifunctional heat pump water heater |
WO2023164101A1 (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2023-08-31 | The Chemours Company Fc, Llc | Compositions of hfo-1234yf, hfo-1132e, and hfc-152a and systems for using the compositions |
KR102548607B1 (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2023-06-28 | 지에스칼텍스 주식회사 | Base oil comprising polyol ester and refrigerating machine oil composition comprising the same |
CN115888163B (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2024-03-01 | 常州东立冷冻科技有限公司 | Assembled full liquid evaporation cold all-in-one |
CN117111533A (en) * | 2023-10-09 | 2023-11-24 | 佛山市芯耀环保科技有限公司 | Control circuit of ice machine, PCB and ice machine |
Family Cites Families (275)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5190115A (en) | 1975-02-05 | 1976-08-07 | ||
FR2314456A1 (en) * | 1975-06-09 | 1977-01-07 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | COLD PRODUCTION PROCESS |
JPS5213025A (en) | 1975-07-18 | 1977-02-01 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Torch ignition engine |
JPS57198968A (en) | 1981-05-29 | 1982-12-06 | Hitachi Ltd | Heat pump type refrigerator |
JPS5939790A (en) | 1982-08-27 | 1984-03-05 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | Production of single crystal |
JPS6269066A (en) | 1985-09-24 | 1987-03-30 | 株式会社東芝 | Refrigeration cycle device |
JPS6369066A (en) | 1986-09-09 | 1988-03-29 | Nec Corp | Data correcting system on unrewritable medium |
JPH024163A (en) | 1988-03-08 | 1990-01-09 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Cooling device for semiconductor element for power |
US5185092A (en) | 1990-01-31 | 1993-02-09 | Tonen Corporation | Lubricating oil for refrigerator |
JP2803451B2 (en) | 1991-07-12 | 1998-09-24 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Refrigerant compressor, refrigerator, refrigerating air conditioner, and method of assembling refrigerant compressor |
JPH05149605A (en) | 1991-11-30 | 1993-06-15 | Toshiba Corp | Air conditioner |
JPH05264070A (en) | 1992-03-17 | 1993-10-12 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Outdoor apparatus of air conditioner |
JP3021947B2 (en) | 1992-03-24 | 2000-03-15 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Control method of variable capacity air conditioner |
JPH0719627A (en) * | 1993-06-30 | 1995-01-20 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Heat exchanger for non-azeotrope refrigerant |
JPH07190571A (en) * | 1993-12-24 | 1995-07-28 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Refrigerator using non-azeotropic mixture refrigerant |
JPH10500719A (en) | 1994-05-23 | 1998-01-20 | ヘンケル・コーポレイション | Methods for increasing the resistivity of ester lubricants, especially for use with hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants |
JPH08200273A (en) | 1995-01-30 | 1996-08-06 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Scroll compressor |
CN1083474C (en) * | 1995-10-24 | 2002-04-24 | 顾雏军 | Improved non-azeotropic operating medium using in thermal circulation |
JPH10309050A (en) | 1996-05-16 | 1998-11-17 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Compressor |
JPH1046170A (en) * | 1996-08-06 | 1998-02-17 | Kao Corp | Working fluid composition for refrigerator |
JP3104642B2 (en) | 1997-04-25 | 2000-10-30 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Refrigeration equipment |
JPH10318564A (en) | 1997-05-20 | 1998-12-04 | Fujitsu General Ltd | Outdoor unit for air conditioner |
JP3936027B2 (en) * | 1997-06-23 | 2007-06-27 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Air conditioner |
JPH11206001A (en) | 1998-01-07 | 1999-07-30 | Meidensha Corp | Protector for motor |
JPH11256358A (en) | 1998-03-09 | 1999-09-21 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Corrosion resistance copper pipe for heat exchanger |
JP2000161805A (en) | 1998-11-27 | 2000-06-16 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Refrigerating apparatus |
JP2000220877A (en) | 1999-01-29 | 2000-08-08 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Ventilating air conditioner |
JP2000234767A (en) | 1999-02-10 | 2000-08-29 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Cooling device and cooling device of air-conditioner |
JP2000304302A (en) | 1999-04-19 | 2000-11-02 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Air conditioner |
CN1238442A (en) * | 1999-05-08 | 1999-12-15 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Compressor for closed-lorp refrigenation device and assembling method thereof |
KR100671391B1 (en) | 1999-05-10 | 2007-01-22 | 신닛폰 리카 가부시키가이샤 | Lubricating Oil for Refrigerator, Hydraulic Fluid Composition for Refrigerator and Method for Lubrication of Refrigerator |
JP4312894B2 (en) * | 1999-09-09 | 2009-08-12 | 東芝キヤリア株式会社 | Air conditioner indoor unit |
JP2001194016A (en) | 1999-10-18 | 2001-07-17 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Freezing apparatus |
JP3860942B2 (en) * | 1999-11-18 | 2006-12-20 | 株式会社ジャパンエナジー | Lubricating oil composition for refrigeration equipment, working fluid and refrigeration equipment |
KR100327551B1 (en) * | 1999-12-27 | 2002-03-15 | 황한규 | Airconditioner for vehicle with dual evaporator ASS'Y |
JP3763120B2 (en) | 2000-08-09 | 2006-04-05 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Air conditioner |
JP2002089978A (en) | 2000-09-11 | 2002-03-27 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Paired refrigerating device and multiple refrigerating device |
JP3952769B2 (en) | 2001-02-19 | 2007-08-01 | 株式会社デンソー | Heat pump chiller |
JP2002257366A (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2002-09-11 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | Hot water supplying/heating system |
JP3518518B2 (en) * | 2001-03-05 | 2004-04-12 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Banknote recognition device |
JP2002272043A (en) | 2001-03-05 | 2002-09-20 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Rotary compressor and air-conditioner provided with the compressor |
JP4410957B2 (en) * | 2001-03-26 | 2010-02-10 | 株式会社ラブアース・テクノロジー | Hybrid water heater and method |
PT1746706E (en) | 2001-03-30 | 2011-08-17 | Sanyo Electric Co | Synchronous induction motor |
JP2003018776A (en) | 2001-03-30 | 2003-01-17 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Synchronous induction motor |
JP3885535B2 (en) | 2001-09-07 | 2007-02-21 | 株式会社デンソー | Water heater |
JP3690341B2 (en) | 2001-12-04 | 2005-08-31 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Brushless DC motor driving method and apparatus |
TWI288519B (en) | 2002-03-27 | 2007-10-11 | Sanyo Electric Co | Synchronous induction motor |
JP2004028035A (en) | 2002-06-28 | 2004-01-29 | Fujitsu General Ltd | Enclosed compressor |
JP3925383B2 (en) | 2002-10-11 | 2007-06-06 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Hot water supply device, air conditioning hot water supply system, and hot water supply system |
JP2004215406A (en) | 2002-12-28 | 2004-07-29 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Motor driver for air conditioner |
JP2004251535A (en) | 2003-02-20 | 2004-09-09 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | Air conditioner |
JP2004361036A (en) | 2003-06-06 | 2004-12-24 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Air conditioning system |
JP2005061711A (en) | 2003-08-12 | 2005-03-10 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | Exhaust heat recovering water heater |
JP2005241045A (en) | 2004-02-24 | 2005-09-08 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Air conditioner |
JP4759226B2 (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2011-08-31 | 株式会社コベルコ マテリアル銅管 | Tube expansion tool and tube expansion method using the same |
KR20070011337A (en) | 2004-04-15 | 2007-01-24 | 다이킨 고교 가부시키가이샤 | Air conditioner |
JP4222273B2 (en) * | 2004-08-03 | 2009-02-12 | パナソニック株式会社 | Heat pump water heater |
JP4555671B2 (en) | 2004-12-09 | 2010-10-06 | 東芝キヤリア株式会社 | Air conditioner |
JP2006211824A (en) | 2005-01-28 | 2006-08-10 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Compressor |
JP4591112B2 (en) | 2005-02-25 | 2010-12-01 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Permanent magnet rotating machine |
ES2580080T3 (en) | 2005-03-18 | 2016-08-19 | Carrier Commercial Refrigeration, Inc. | Multi-part heat exchanger |
JP2006313027A (en) | 2005-05-06 | 2006-11-16 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Ventilation air conditioner |
JP2007084481A (en) * | 2005-09-22 | 2007-04-05 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Preparation method of pentafluoroethane |
JP3985834B2 (en) | 2005-11-07 | 2007-10-03 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Electrical component assembly, outdoor unit of air conditioner including the same, and air conditioner |
CN1987264A (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2007-06-27 | 乐金电子(天津)电器有限公司 | Air conditioner |
JP4893251B2 (en) | 2006-07-28 | 2012-03-07 | パナソニック株式会社 | Matrix converter and device equipped with the same |
JP2008039305A (en) | 2006-08-07 | 2008-02-21 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Hot water circulation heating system performing heating by circulating hot water in building and water spraying device for evaporator |
US8273928B2 (en) * | 2006-08-24 | 2012-09-25 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Processes for separation of fluoroolefins from hydrogen fluoride by azeotropic distillation |
JP4859694B2 (en) | 2007-02-02 | 2012-01-25 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Multistage compressor |
US8672733B2 (en) | 2007-02-06 | 2014-03-18 | Nordyne Llc | Ventilation airflow rate control |
JP4840215B2 (en) * | 2007-03-27 | 2011-12-21 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Permanent magnet type rotating electric machine and compressor using the same |
JP2008286422A (en) * | 2007-05-15 | 2008-11-27 | Panasonic Corp | Refrigerator |
JP2008295161A (en) * | 2007-05-23 | 2008-12-04 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Power conversion device |
JP2009063216A (en) | 2007-09-06 | 2009-03-26 | Hitachi Appliances Inc | Heat exchanger and air conditioner using the same |
JP5050763B2 (en) * | 2007-10-05 | 2012-10-17 | パナソニック株式会社 | Water heater |
JP2009092274A (en) | 2007-10-05 | 2009-04-30 | Hitachi Appliances Inc | Air conditioner |
JP5038105B2 (en) * | 2007-11-19 | 2012-10-03 | パナソニック株式会社 | Valve device and air conditioner having the same |
JP4738401B2 (en) | 2007-11-28 | 2011-08-03 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Air conditioner |
JP2009150620A (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2009-07-09 | Toshiba Carrier Corp | Dual heat pump type air conditioning system |
JP5130910B2 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2013-01-30 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Air conditioner and refrigerant quantity determination method |
US8319388B2 (en) | 2008-01-25 | 2012-11-27 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Induction motor and hermetic compressor |
CA2717216A1 (en) * | 2008-02-21 | 2009-08-27 | Jeffrey P. Knapp | Azeotrope compositions comprising 3,3,3-trifluoropropene and hydrogen fluoride and processes for separation thereof |
JP2009219268A (en) * | 2008-03-11 | 2009-09-24 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Power conversion apparatus |
JP5407157B2 (en) * | 2008-03-18 | 2014-02-05 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Refrigeration equipment |
JP4931848B2 (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2012-05-16 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Heat pump type outdoor unit for hot water supply |
JP4471023B2 (en) | 2008-06-12 | 2010-06-02 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Air conditioner |
US8496845B2 (en) | 2008-07-01 | 2013-07-30 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Refrigerant composition comprising difluoromethane (HFC32), pentafluoroethane (HFC125) and 2, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO1234yf) |
JP4654423B2 (en) | 2008-07-22 | 2011-03-23 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | Power converter |
JP5128424B2 (en) * | 2008-09-10 | 2013-01-23 | パナソニックヘルスケア株式会社 | Refrigeration equipment |
JP2010071530A (en) | 2008-09-17 | 2010-04-02 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Air conditioner |
US20100082162A1 (en) | 2008-09-29 | 2010-04-01 | Actron Air Pty Limited | Air conditioning system and method of control |
JP2010121927A (en) * | 2008-10-22 | 2010-06-03 | Panasonic Corp | Cooling cycle device |
JP2010103346A (en) | 2008-10-24 | 2010-05-06 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Magnet for ipm type concentrated winding motor and method of manufacturing the same, and ipm type concentrated winding motor using the magnet |
JP2010119190A (en) | 2008-11-12 | 2010-05-27 | Toyota Motor Corp | Rotor for magnet-embedded motors and magnet-embedded motor |
US20100122545A1 (en) | 2008-11-19 | 2010-05-20 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Tetrafluoropropene compositions and uses thereof |
JP2010164222A (en) * | 2009-01-14 | 2010-07-29 | Panasonic Corp | Finned heat exchanger |
JP5136495B2 (en) | 2009-03-27 | 2013-02-06 | パナソニック株式会社 | Heat exchanger |
US8783050B2 (en) * | 2009-04-17 | 2014-07-22 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Heat source unit |
JP2011004449A (en) | 2009-06-16 | 2011-01-06 | Panasonic Corp | Matrix converter circuit |
US9250001B2 (en) | 2009-06-17 | 2016-02-02 | Emerson Electric Co. | Control of an expansion valve regulating refrigerant to an evaporator of a climate control system |
JP2011043304A (en) * | 2009-08-24 | 2011-03-03 | Hitachi Appliances Inc | Air conditioner |
JP5452138B2 (en) * | 2009-09-01 | 2014-03-26 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Refrigeration air conditioner |
CN101649189B (en) * | 2009-09-04 | 2012-05-23 | 西安交通大学 | Environmental mixed refrigerant with trifluoroiodomethane |
JP2011094841A (en) | 2009-10-28 | 2011-05-12 | Daikin Industries Ltd | Refrigerating device |
JP5542423B2 (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2014-07-09 | 東芝産業機器システム株式会社 | Rotating electric machine rotor and rotating electric machine |
JP2011202738A (en) | 2010-03-25 | 2011-10-13 | Toshiba Carrier Corp | Air conditioner |
JP2011252636A (en) * | 2010-06-01 | 2011-12-15 | Panasonic Corp | Hot-water heating hot-water supply apparatus |
JP5388969B2 (en) | 2010-08-23 | 2014-01-15 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Heat exchanger and air conditioner equipped with this heat exchanger |
CN102401519B (en) * | 2010-09-16 | 2016-08-10 | 乐金电子(天津)电器有限公司 | The off-premises station of air-conditioner |
FR2964976B1 (en) * | 2010-09-20 | 2012-08-24 | Arkema France | COMPOSITION BASED ON 1,3,3,3-TETRAFLUOROPROPENE |
JP5595245B2 (en) | 2010-11-26 | 2014-09-24 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Refrigeration equipment |
JP2012132637A (en) | 2010-12-22 | 2012-07-12 | Daikin Industries Ltd | Outdoor unit for air conditioner |
JP5716408B2 (en) | 2011-01-18 | 2015-05-13 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Power converter |
JP5721480B2 (en) * | 2011-03-10 | 2015-05-20 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Refrigeration cycle equipment |
JP5821756B2 (en) * | 2011-04-21 | 2015-11-24 | 株式会社デンソー | Refrigeration cycle equipment |
WO2012157765A1 (en) | 2011-05-19 | 2012-11-22 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Working medium and heat-cycle system |
EP3854860A1 (en) * | 2011-05-19 | 2021-07-28 | Agc Inc. | Working medium and heat-cycle system |
US9951962B2 (en) | 2011-12-06 | 2018-04-24 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Heat pump heating and hot-water system |
JP6065429B2 (en) | 2011-12-08 | 2017-01-25 | パナソニック株式会社 | Air conditioner |
JP2013126281A (en) | 2011-12-14 | 2013-06-24 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Method for manufacturing field element, and end plate for field element |
JP5506770B2 (en) | 2011-12-16 | 2014-05-28 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Air conditioner |
JP5881435B2 (en) | 2012-01-27 | 2016-03-09 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Heat exchanger and air conditioner equipped with the same |
JP5867116B2 (en) | 2012-01-30 | 2016-02-24 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Refrigeration unit outdoor unit |
JP6111520B2 (en) | 2012-02-22 | 2017-04-12 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Power converter |
US9641032B2 (en) | 2012-03-23 | 2017-05-02 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Automotive Thermal Systems Co., Ltd. | Motor having magnets embedded in a rotor and electric compressor using same |
JP5536817B2 (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2014-07-02 | 日立アプライアンス株式会社 | Refrigeration cycle equipment |
JP2015111012A (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2015-06-18 | 東芝キヤリア株式会社 | Refrigeration cycle device |
KR20130111186A (en) * | 2012-03-31 | 2013-10-10 | (주)코스모테크놀로지 | Hybrid heating apparatus and method thereof |
JPWO2013151043A1 (en) * | 2012-04-02 | 2015-12-17 | 東芝キヤリア株式会社 | Refrigeration cycle equipment |
JP5533926B2 (en) | 2012-04-16 | 2014-06-25 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Air conditioner |
JP2015127593A (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2015-07-09 | 東芝キヤリア株式会社 | Outdoor unit of air conditioner |
US20130283832A1 (en) * | 2012-04-30 | 2013-10-31 | Trane International Inc. | Refrigeration system with purge using enrivonmentally-suitable chiller refrigerant |
JP5500240B2 (en) * | 2012-05-23 | 2014-05-21 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Refrigeration equipment |
JP5516712B2 (en) | 2012-05-28 | 2014-06-11 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Refrigeration equipment |
JP5673612B2 (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2015-02-18 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Refrigeration cycle equipment |
JP5805598B2 (en) * | 2012-09-12 | 2015-11-04 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Refrigeration cycle equipment |
WO2014045400A1 (en) | 2012-09-21 | 2014-03-27 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Refrigeration device and method for controlling same |
JP6044238B2 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2016-12-14 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Air conditioner |
WO2014068655A1 (en) | 2012-10-30 | 2014-05-08 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Electric motor with embedded permanent magnet, and refrigeration and air conditioning equipment equipped with same |
JP5516695B2 (en) | 2012-10-31 | 2014-06-11 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Air conditioner |
CN103032996B (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2015-03-11 | 宁波奥克斯电气有限公司 | Parallel compressor selection and configuration method for preventing compressor from being frequently started up and shut down |
JP5776746B2 (en) | 2013-01-29 | 2015-09-09 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Air conditioner |
CN104903661A (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2015-09-09 | 日立空调·家用电器株式会社 | Refrigeration cycle device |
JP2014152999A (en) | 2013-02-08 | 2014-08-25 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Air conditioner |
WO2014128831A1 (en) * | 2013-02-19 | 2014-08-28 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Air conditioning device |
JP5927339B2 (en) | 2013-03-29 | 2016-06-01 | パナソニックヘルスケアホールディングス株式会社 | Dual refrigeration equipment |
JP6089912B2 (en) | 2013-04-17 | 2017-03-08 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Refrigerant compressor |
CN105164227A (en) * | 2013-04-30 | 2015-12-16 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Composition containing trifluoroethylene |
WO2014178353A1 (en) | 2013-04-30 | 2014-11-06 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Working medium for heat cycle |
CN103363705B (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2015-05-13 | 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 | Refrigeration system, refrigeration equipment comprising refrigeration system and control method of refrigeration equipment |
WO2014203354A1 (en) | 2013-06-19 | 2014-12-24 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Refrigeration cycle device |
JP6141429B2 (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2017-06-07 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Air conditioner |
EP3012556B1 (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2018-12-26 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Refrigeration cycle device |
WO2014203355A1 (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2014-12-24 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Refrigeration cycle device |
BR112015031288B1 (en) | 2013-07-12 | 2021-10-13 | AGC Inc. | THERMAL CYCLE WORKFLUID, THERMAL CYCLE SYSTEM COMPOSITION AND THERMAL CYCLE SYSTEM |
KR101525849B1 (en) * | 2013-07-16 | 2015-06-05 | 삼성전자 주식회사 | Compressor and air conditioning apparatus using the same |
JP2015023721A (en) | 2013-07-22 | 2015-02-02 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Rotor, motor and compressor |
JP6282276B2 (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2018-02-21 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Heat pump equipment |
GB2535383B (en) * | 2013-07-30 | 2016-10-19 | Mexichem Amanco Holding Sa | Heat transfer compositions |
JP6225548B2 (en) * | 2013-08-08 | 2017-11-08 | 株式会社富士通ゼネラル | Air conditioner |
JP2015055455A (en) | 2013-09-13 | 2015-03-23 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Outdoor unit and air conditioner |
EP3051227B1 (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2017-12-06 | Panasonic Healthcare Holdings Co., Ltd. | Refrigerating device |
JP2015078789A (en) | 2013-10-16 | 2015-04-23 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Heat exchanger and air conditioning device including heat exchanger |
JP6118227B2 (en) | 2013-10-22 | 2017-04-19 | 株式会社日立産機システム | Permanent magnet rotating electric machine and compressor using the same |
WO2015071967A1 (en) | 2013-11-12 | 2015-05-21 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Refrigeration system |
JP5661903B2 (en) | 2013-12-04 | 2015-01-28 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Compressor |
WO2015083274A1 (en) | 2013-12-05 | 2015-06-11 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Permanent magnet-embedded electric motor, compressor, and refrigerating and air-conditioning device |
KR102135086B1 (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2020-07-17 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Motor driving device and air conditioner including the same |
JP2015114082A (en) | 2013-12-13 | 2015-06-22 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Refrigerant pipeline connection body and manufacturing method thereof |
CN109665936A (en) * | 2014-01-30 | 2019-04-23 | Agc株式会社 | The manufacturing method of trifluoro-ethylene |
JP6657957B2 (en) * | 2014-01-31 | 2020-03-04 | Agc株式会社 | Working medium for heat cycle, composition for heat cycle system, and heat cycle system |
JP6252211B2 (en) * | 2014-02-03 | 2017-12-27 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Air conditioning system |
JP6583261B2 (en) * | 2014-02-20 | 2019-10-02 | Agc株式会社 | Composition for thermal cycle system and thermal cycle system |
EP3812446B1 (en) * | 2014-02-20 | 2023-06-28 | Agc Inc. | Composition for heat cycle system, and heat cycle system |
JP6354616B2 (en) * | 2014-02-20 | 2018-07-11 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Composition for thermal cycle system and thermal cycle system |
EP3109292B1 (en) | 2014-02-20 | 2020-09-02 | AGC Inc. | Working fluid for heat cycle |
EP3109301B1 (en) * | 2014-02-20 | 2020-06-03 | AGC Inc. | Composition for heat cycle system, and heat cycle system |
JP6375639B2 (en) | 2014-02-21 | 2018-08-22 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Air conditioner |
KR101841869B1 (en) * | 2014-03-14 | 2018-05-04 | 미쓰비시덴키 가부시키가이샤 | Refrigeration cycle device |
WO2015136981A1 (en) * | 2014-03-14 | 2015-09-17 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Compressor and refrigeration cycle system |
AU2014387676B2 (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2017-11-02 | AGC Inc. | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US10001309B2 (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2018-06-19 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Air-conditioning apparatus |
US20170121581A1 (en) | 2014-03-17 | 2017-05-04 | Asahi Glass Company, Limited | Heat pump apparatus |
EP3121242B1 (en) | 2014-03-18 | 2019-05-08 | AGC Inc. | Working fluid for heat cycle, composition for heat-cycle systems, and heat-cycle system |
JP6105511B2 (en) * | 2014-04-10 | 2017-03-29 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Heat pump equipment |
CN103940018A (en) * | 2014-05-06 | 2014-07-23 | 北京德能恒信科技有限公司 | Heat pipe air conditioner all-in-one machine with evaporative condenser |
JP5897062B2 (en) | 2014-05-08 | 2016-03-30 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Compressor motor, compressor, refrigeration cycle apparatus, and compressor motor manufacturing method |
JP2015218909A (en) | 2014-05-14 | 2015-12-07 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | Refrigeration cycle device and hot water generation device including the same |
JP2015218912A (en) * | 2014-05-14 | 2015-12-07 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | Air conditioner and load adjustment device used for the same |
CN106414655A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2017-02-15 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Working medium for heat cycle, composition for heat cycle system, and heat cycle system |
JP2015229767A (en) | 2014-06-06 | 2015-12-21 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Actuation medium for heat cycle |
CN106414654A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2017-02-15 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Working medium for heat cycle, composition for heat cycle system, and heat cycle system |
JP2016011423A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2016-01-21 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Working medium for heat cycle, composition for heat cycle system and heat cycle system |
JPWO2015186670A1 (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2017-04-20 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Composition for thermal cycle system and thermal cycle system |
WO2015186671A1 (en) | 2014-06-06 | 2015-12-10 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Composition for heat cycle system and heat cycle system |
JP2016001062A (en) | 2014-06-11 | 2016-01-07 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | Inverter control device |
JP6519909B2 (en) | 2014-07-18 | 2019-05-29 | 出光興産株式会社 | Refrigerating machine oil composition and refrigerating apparatus |
JP2016033426A (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2016-03-10 | 日立アプライアンス株式会社 | Air conditioner |
JP6188951B2 (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2017-08-30 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Refrigerant distributor, heat exchanger and refrigeration cycle apparatus |
WO2016024576A1 (en) * | 2014-08-12 | 2016-02-18 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Heat cycle system |
US10295236B2 (en) | 2014-08-13 | 2019-05-21 | Trane International Inc. | Compressor heating system |
JP6543450B2 (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2019-07-10 | Phcホールディングス株式会社 | Refrigeration system |
US10393391B2 (en) | 2014-10-16 | 2019-08-27 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US9982904B2 (en) | 2014-11-07 | 2018-05-29 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Air conditioning system |
JP6320565B2 (en) | 2014-12-22 | 2018-05-09 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Rotating electrical machine rotor |
US10539335B2 (en) | 2014-12-26 | 2020-01-21 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Regenerative air conditioner |
JP6028815B2 (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2016-11-24 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Heat exchange unit of air conditioner |
CN107250315B (en) | 2015-02-09 | 2021-03-02 | Agc株式会社 | Working medium for air conditioning for electric vehicle and working medium composition for air conditioning for electric vehicle |
AU2016221082B2 (en) * | 2015-02-19 | 2018-05-10 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Composition containing mixture of fluorinated hydrocarbons, and method for producing same |
CN106032955B (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2020-06-16 | 大金工业株式会社 | Refrigerant recovery unit and outdoor unit connected to the same |
JP2016174461A (en) | 2015-03-17 | 2016-09-29 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Rotor |
JP6552851B2 (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2019-07-31 | 三菱重工サーマルシステムズ株式会社 | Compressor driving motor and cooling method thereof |
CN204648544U (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2015-09-16 | 中国建筑科学研究院 | Indoor environmental condition control unit and system and building system and passive type building |
JPWO2016157538A1 (en) | 2015-04-03 | 2017-04-27 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Refrigeration cycle equipment |
WO2016182030A1 (en) | 2015-05-14 | 2016-11-17 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Fluid composition, refrigerant composition, and air conditioner |
US10345023B2 (en) | 2015-05-22 | 2019-07-09 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Temperature-adjusting fluid supply apparatus |
JP6582236B2 (en) | 2015-06-11 | 2019-10-02 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | Refrigeration cycle equipment |
JP6604082B2 (en) * | 2015-08-07 | 2019-11-13 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Refrigeration equipment |
DE112015006824T5 (en) | 2015-08-21 | 2018-05-03 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | ELECTRICAL ROTATION MACHINE AND AIR CONDITIONER |
JP2017046430A (en) | 2015-08-26 | 2017-03-02 | ジョンソンコントロールズ ヒタチ エア コンディショニング テクノロジー(ホンコン)リミテッド | Motor controller, fluid machinery, air conditioner, and program |
CN107925285B (en) | 2015-09-01 | 2019-11-15 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Rotor, rotating electric machine, motor compressor and refrigerating air conditioning device |
CN204943959U (en) * | 2015-09-01 | 2016-01-06 | 河北纳森空调有限公司 | Environmental protection refrigerant R410A low-temperature air energy heat pump water chiller-heater unit |
JP2017053285A (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2017-03-16 | ジョンソンコントロールズ ヒタチ エア コンディショニング テクノロジー(ホンコン)リミテッド | Compressor |
JP6733145B2 (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2020-07-29 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Water heat exchanger housing unit |
JP6274277B2 (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2018-02-07 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Refrigeration equipment |
CN205261858U (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2016-05-25 | 珠海丽日帐篷有限公司 | Medium -and -large -sized integral covering or awning on a car, boat, etc. air conditioner for room |
JPWO2017115636A1 (en) | 2015-12-28 | 2018-10-18 | Agc株式会社 | Refrigeration cycle equipment |
KR20180040662A (en) | 2016-01-07 | 2018-04-20 | 미쓰비시덴키 가부시키가이샤 | Permanent magnet embedded type electric motor, compressor and refrigeration air-conditioning device |
JP6762719B2 (en) | 2016-01-08 | 2020-09-30 | 株式会社デンソーエアクール | How to make a heat exchanger |
CN109073295A (en) | 2016-01-12 | 2018-12-21 | Agc株式会社 | Refrigerating circulatory device and heat circulating system |
EP3410041A4 (en) | 2016-01-29 | 2019-09-11 | Agc Inc. | Refrigeration cycle device |
JP2017145975A (en) * | 2016-02-15 | 2017-08-24 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Refrigeration cycle device, process of manufacture of refrigeration cycle device, drop-in method for refrigeration cycle device, and replace method for refrigeration cycle device |
CN109072900B (en) | 2016-02-22 | 2020-11-10 | Agc株式会社 | Compressor and heat cycle system |
JPWO2017145826A1 (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2018-12-13 | Agc株式会社 | Refrigeration cycle equipment |
US9976759B2 (en) | 2016-02-29 | 2018-05-22 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Rain shield for a heat exchanger component |
JP2017192190A (en) | 2016-04-12 | 2017-10-19 | 日立ジョンソンコントロールズ空調株式会社 | Permanent magnet motor, compressor and air conditioner using the same |
US11131490B2 (en) * | 2016-05-09 | 2021-09-28 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Refrigeration device having condenser unit connected to compressor unit with on-site pipe interposed therebetween and remote from the compressor unit |
EP3477222B1 (en) | 2016-06-27 | 2020-07-29 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Refrigeration cycle device |
JP6455554B2 (en) | 2016-07-28 | 2019-01-23 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Multi air conditioner |
JP6731865B2 (en) | 2017-02-06 | 2020-07-29 | 日立ジョンソンコントロールズ空調株式会社 | Air conditioner outdoor unit, air conditioner, and air conditioning management method |
CN110603716B (en) | 2017-05-01 | 2022-11-18 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Rotor, motor, compressor, and air conditioner |
JP6551571B2 (en) | 2017-07-24 | 2019-07-31 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Refrigerant composition |
CN111033948B (en) | 2017-09-05 | 2022-08-05 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Alternating pole rotor, motor, compressor, blower, and air conditioner |
WO2019065232A1 (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2019-04-04 | 宇部興産株式会社 | Layered tube |
WO2019108720A1 (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2019-06-06 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Aromatic ester lubricant for use with low global warming potential refrigerants |
CN113637457A (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2021-11-12 | 大金工业株式会社 | Composition containing refrigerant, use thereof, refrigerator having same, and method for operating refrigerator |
US20200332164A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2020-10-22 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US20200333054A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2020-10-22 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Compressor |
US11906207B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2024-02-20 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Refrigeration apparatus |
US20200326100A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2020-10-15 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Warm-water generating apparatus |
US11365335B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2022-06-21 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Composition comprising refrigerant, use thereof, refrigerating machine having same, and method for operating said refrigerating machine |
US20200325376A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2020-10-15 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US20200393178A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2020-12-17 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US20200392388A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2020-12-17 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Refrigerant-containing composition, use thereof and refrigerator comprising same, and method for operating said refrigerator |
US20200392387A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2020-12-17 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Air conditioner |
US20200363106A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2020-11-19 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
KR20200098592A (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2020-08-20 | 다이킨 고교 가부시키가이샤 | Composition containing a refrigerant, its use, and a refrigerator having the same, and a method of operating the refrigerator |
US11435118B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2022-09-06 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Heat source unit and refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US11441802B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2022-09-13 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Air conditioning apparatus |
US20200347283A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2020-11-05 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Refrigerating oil for refrigerant or refrigerant composition, method for using refrigerating oil, and use of refrigerating oil |
US11441819B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2022-09-13 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US11820933B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2023-11-21 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US20200326110A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2020-10-15 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Compressor |
BR112020010762A2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2020-11-24 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | composition containing refrigerant, use of said composition, refrigerator having said composition and method for operating said refrigerator |
AU2018390660B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2023-01-05 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Refrigeration Cycle Apparatus |
US11493244B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2022-11-08 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Air-conditioning unit |
WO2019123805A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2019-06-27 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Composition containing refrigerant, use of said composition, refrigerator having said composition, and method for operating said refrigerator |
US20200326103A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2020-10-15 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Refrigeration cycle |
US20200363112A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2020-11-19 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Air conditioner |
US11506425B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2022-11-22 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US11549695B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2023-01-10 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Heat exchange unit |
US20200325375A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2020-10-15 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Refrigeration cycle apparatus and method of determining refrigerant enclosure amount in refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US10982863B2 (en) | 2018-04-10 | 2021-04-20 | Carrier Corporation | HVAC fan inlet |
WO2020071380A1 (en) | 2018-10-01 | 2020-04-09 | Agc株式会社 | Composition for heat cycle system, and heat cycle system |
JP6696633B1 (en) | 2019-02-05 | 2020-05-20 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Refrigerant-containing composition, refrigeration method using the composition, refrigeration apparatus operation method, and refrigeration apparatus |
-
2018
- 2018-11-13 AU AU2018390660A patent/AU2018390660B2/en active Active
- 2018-11-13 KR KR1020207020540A patent/KR102655619B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2018-11-13 US US16/954,651 patent/US20200339856A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-11-13 US US16/954,631 patent/US20200392389A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-11-13 EP EP18889979.3A patent/EP3730569A4/en active Pending
- 2018-11-13 CN CN201880081097.XA patent/CN111511874A/en active Pending
- 2018-11-13 EP EP18890613.5A patent/EP3730593A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-11-13 CN CN201880081165.2A patent/CN111479910A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-11-13 JP JP2019560869A patent/JPWO2019123898A1/en active Pending
- 2018-11-13 BR BR112020011145-7A patent/BR112020011145A2/en unknown
- 2018-11-13 JP JP2019560868A patent/JP7269499B2/en active Active
- 2018-12-10 US US16/954,613 patent/US20200309437A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-12-10 EP EP18892942.6A patent/EP3730870A4/en active Pending
- 2018-12-10 JP JP2019560984A patent/JPWO2019124145A1/en active Pending
- 2018-12-10 JP JP2019560980A patent/JPWO2019124138A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-12-10 AU AU2018387883A patent/AU2018387883A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-12-10 BR BR112020010676-3A patent/BR112020010676A2/en unknown
- 2018-12-10 KR KR1020207019793A patent/KR20200100681A/en active Search and Examination
- 2018-12-10 JP JP2019560981A patent/JPWO2019124139A1/en active Pending
- 2018-12-10 US US16/955,465 patent/US20210003323A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-12-10 CN CN201880081190.0A patent/CN111492188B/en active Active
- 2018-12-10 US US16/954,973 patent/US20200333051A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-12-10 EP EP18892854.3A patent/EP3730584A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-12-10 CN CN201880081269.3A patent/CN111480040B/en active Active
- 2018-12-10 EP EP18892500.2A patent/EP3730868A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-12-10 AU AU2018387884A patent/AU2018387884B2/en active Active
- 2018-12-10 CN CN201880081267.4A patent/CN111480039A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-12-10 JP JP2019560982A patent/JP7212265B2/en active Active
- 2018-12-10 CN CN201880081124.3A patent/CN111479896A/en active Pending
- 2018-12-10 JP JP2019560985A patent/JPWO2019124146A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-12-10 EP EP18892525.9A patent/EP3730869A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-12-10 BR BR112020009389-0A patent/BR112020009389A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2018-12-10 KR KR1020207020709A patent/KR102655073B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2018-12-10 US US16/954,669 patent/US20210164703A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-12-11 US US16/954,956 patent/US20200378662A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-12-11 CN CN201880081099.9A patent/CN111480038B/en active Active
- 2018-12-11 AU AU2018387900A patent/AU2018387900A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-12-13 CN CN201880081324.9A patent/CN111492183A/en active Pending
- 2018-12-13 US US16/954,967 patent/US20200309411A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-12-13 KR KR1020207020086A patent/KR102601018B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2018-12-13 JP JP2019561029A patent/JP7231834B2/en active Active
- 2018-12-13 EP EP18890331.4A patent/EP3730861A4/en active Pending
- 2018-12-13 CN CN201880081268.9A patent/CN111527353B/en active Active
- 2018-12-13 EP EP18891586.2A patent/EP3730865A4/en active Pending
- 2018-12-13 AU AU2018388034A patent/AU2018388034A1/en active Pending
- 2018-12-13 US US16/955,218 patent/US20200333049A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-12-13 JP JP2019561028A patent/JP7244763B2/en active Active
- 2018-12-17 US US16/954,745 patent/US20210095897A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-12-17 US US16/954,718 patent/US20200386459A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-12-17 JP JP2019561083A patent/JPWO2019124326A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-12-17 BR BR112020010607-0A patent/BR112020010607A2/en unknown
- 2018-12-17 KR KR1020207020196A patent/KR20200100693A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2018-12-17 CN CN201880081250.9A patent/CN111542580A/en active Pending
- 2018-12-17 AU AU2018391876A patent/AU2018391876B2/en active Active
- 2018-12-17 EP EP18893145.5A patent/EP3730871A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-12-17 US US16/955,222 patent/US20200333041A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-12-17 JP JP2019561087A patent/JPWO2019124330A1/en active Pending
- 2018-12-17 BR BR112020010468-0A patent/BR112020010468A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2018-12-17 AU AU2018387983A patent/AU2018387983A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-12-17 JP JP2019561085A patent/JPWO2019124328A1/en active Pending
- 2018-12-17 US US16/772,927 patent/US20210163804A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-12-17 CN CN201880081123.9A patent/CN111492031A/en active Pending
- 2018-12-17 JP JP2019561084A patent/JPWO2019124327A1/en active Pending
- 2018-12-17 EP EP18892861.8A patent/EP3730585A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-12-17 EP EP18890623.4A patent/EP3730570A4/en active Pending
- 2018-12-17 AU AU2018387985A patent/AU2018387985A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-12-17 KR KR1020207019794A patent/KR20200100682A/en active Search and Examination
- 2018-12-17 CN CN201880081109.9A patent/CN111492186A/en active Pending
- 2018-12-17 CN CN201880081270.6A patent/CN111479899B/en active Active
- 2018-12-17 KR KR1020207020539A patent/KR20200100718A/en unknown
- 2018-12-17 BR BR112020010318-7A patent/BR112020010318A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2018-12-17 JP JP2019561086A patent/JP7284405B2/en active Active
- 2018-12-17 EP EP18891798.3A patent/EP3730577A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-12-18 JP JP2019561108A patent/JPWO2019124361A1/en active Pending
- 2018-12-18 AU AU2018388050A patent/AU2018388050A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-12-18 EP EP18892000.3A patent/EP3730866A4/en active Pending
- 2018-12-18 JP JP2019561109A patent/JPWO2019124362A1/en active Pending
- 2018-12-18 CN CN201880081255.1A patent/CN111479898A/en active Pending
- 2018-12-18 US US16/955,565 patent/US11535781B2/en active Active
- 2018-12-18 KR KR1020207020197A patent/KR20200100694A/en active Search and Examination
- 2018-12-18 BR BR112020010388-8A patent/BR112020010388A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2018-12-18 EP EP18891707.4A patent/EP3730576A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-12-18 JP JP2019561124A patent/JP7303445B2/en active Active
- 2018-12-18 EP EP18891899.9A patent/EP3730580A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-12-18 CN CN201880081186.4A patent/CN111527178A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-12-18 JP JP2019561107A patent/JPWO2019124360A1/en active Pending
- 2018-12-18 JP JP2019561113A patent/JPWO2019124379A1/en active Pending
- 2018-12-18 US US16/772,961 patent/US20210164701A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-12-18 BR BR112020010413-2A patent/BR112020010413A2/en unknown
- 2018-12-18 US US16/954,679 patent/US20200309419A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-12-18 US US16/955,207 patent/US20200340714A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-12-18 EP EP18892119.1A patent/EP3730867A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-12-18 JP JP2019560513A patent/JPWO2019124409A1/en active Pending
- 2018-12-18 US US16/954,702 patent/US20200362215A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-12-18 CN CN201880081382.1A patent/CN111480041B/en active Active
- 2018-12-18 BR BR112020009626-1A patent/BR112020009626A2/en unknown
- 2018-12-18 CN CN202210502712.8A patent/CN114838515A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-12-18 EP EP18890744.8A patent/EP3730571A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-12-18 US US16/772,953 patent/US20210164698A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-12-18 US US16/772,976 patent/US20200393175A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-12-18 AU AU2018391894A patent/AU2018391894A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-12-18 KR KR1020207020085A patent/KR102601975B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2018-12-18 KR KR1020207020535A patent/KR20200100716A/en unknown
- 2018-12-18 EP EP18890850.3A patent/EP3730572A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-12-18 CN CN201880081271.0A patent/CN111492189B/en active Active
- 2018-12-18 AU AU2018391186A patent/AU2018391186A1/en active Pending
- 2018-12-18 EP EP18890338.9A patent/EP3730864A4/en active Pending
- 2018-12-18 CN CN201880081108.4A patent/CN111492185B/en active Active
- 2018-12-18 CN CN201880081361.XA patent/CN111492033A/en active Pending
- 2018-12-18 JP JP2019561127A patent/JPWO2019124398A1/en active Pending
- 2018-12-18 JP JP2019561114A patent/JPWO2019124380A1/en active Pending
- 2018-12-18 US US16/772,986 patent/US20200393176A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-12-18 WO PCT/JP2018/046666 patent/WO2019124409A1/en unknown
- 2018-12-18 CN CN201880081129.6A patent/CN111479897A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-12-18 BR BR112020011168-6A patent/BR112020011168A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2018-12-18 KR KR1020207020921A patent/KR20200100143A/en unknown
-
2020
- 2020-06-15 PH PH12020550899A patent/PH12020550899A1/en unknown
- 2020-06-16 PH PH12020550913A patent/PH12020550913A1/en unknown
- 2020-06-16 PH PH12020550914A patent/PH12020550914A1/en unknown
- 2020-06-16 PH PH12020550918A patent/PH12020550918A1/en unknown
- 2020-06-16 PH PH12020550912A patent/PH12020550912A1/en unknown
- 2020-06-16 PH PH12020550920A patent/PH12020550920A1/en unknown
- 2020-06-16 PH PH12020550915A patent/PH12020550915A1/en unknown
- 2020-06-16 PH PH12020550917A patent/PH12020550917A1/en unknown
- 2020-06-16 PH PH12020550911A patent/PH12020550911A1/en unknown
- 2020-06-16 PH PH12020550919A patent/PH12020550919A1/en unknown
-
2022
- 2022-11-21 US US17/991,204 patent/US20230097829A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20200326100A1 (en) | Warm-water generating apparatus | |
US20200309411A1 (en) | Warm-water generating apparatus | |
US11906207B2 (en) | Refrigeration apparatus | |
US20200393178A1 (en) | Refrigeration cycle apparatus | |
US11820933B2 (en) | Refrigeration cycle apparatus | |
US20200326103A1 (en) | Refrigeration cycle | |
US11435118B2 (en) | Heat source unit and refrigeration cycle apparatus | |
WO2019124230A1 (en) | Hot water production device | |
US11493244B2 (en) | Air-conditioning unit | |
US11441802B2 (en) | Air conditioning apparatus | |
US20200325375A1 (en) | Refrigeration cycle apparatus and method of determining refrigerant enclosure amount in refrigeration cycle apparatus | |
US11549695B2 (en) | Heat exchange unit | |
US11506425B2 (en) | Refrigeration cycle apparatus | |
US20200325376A1 (en) | Refrigeration cycle apparatus | |
WO2019124329A1 (en) | Refrigerant cycling device |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD., JAPAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:UKIBUNE, MASANORI;OKAMOTO, ATSUSHI;ITANO, MITSUSHI;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20190206 TO 20190218;REEL/FRAME:052968/0484 |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY FOR EXAMINATION |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: EXPRESSLY ABANDONED -- DURING EXAMINATION |