US20200340714A1

US20200340714A1 - Refrigeration cycle apparatus

Info

Publication number: US20200340714A1
Application number: US16/955,207
Authority: US
Inventors: Mitsushi Itano; Daisuke Karube; Yuuki YOTSUMOTO; Kazuhiro Takahashi; Yuzo Komatsu; Shun OHKUBO; Tatsuya TAKAKUWA; Tetsushi TSUDA; Yuuichi YANAGI
Original assignee: Daikin Industries Ltd
Current assignee: Daikin Industries Ltd
Priority date: 2017-12-18
Filing date: 2018-12-18
Publication date: 2020-10-29
Also published as: EP3730871A4; CN111479897A; JPWO2019124326A1; KR20200100740A; JPWO2019124229A1; EP3730869A1; EP3730577A4; EP3730864A1; EP3730580A4; CN111479896A; BR112020011145A2; KR102655619B1; JP7231834B2; PH12020550912A1; EP3730570A4; US20200333051A1; EP3730867A1; CN111492183A; US20210163804A1; CN114838515A

Abstract

A refrigeration cycle apparatus including a heat exchanger can decrease the material cost. An air conditioning apparatus (10) that is a refrigeration cycle apparatus includes a flammable refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene, an outdoor heat exchanger (23), and an indoor heat exchanger (27). One of the outdoor heat exchanger (23) and the indoor heat exchanger (27) is an evaporator that evaporates the refrigerant, and the other one is a condenser that condenses the refrigerant. The outdoor heat exchanger (23) and the indoor heat exchanger (27) each are a heat exchanger that includes metal plates (19) serving as a plurality of fins made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and flat tubes (16) serving as a plurality of heat transfer tubes made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and that causes the refrigerant flowing inside the flat tubes (16) and the air flowing along the metal plates (19) to exchange heat with each other. The refrigerant repeats a refrigeration cycle by circulating through the outdoor heat exchanger (23) and the indoor heat exchanger (27).

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a refrigeration cycle apparatus.

BACKGROUND ART

There has been a refrigeration cycle apparatus including a heat exchanger as described in, for example, PTL 1 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 11-256358). Like the heat exchanger of the refrigeration cycle apparatus described in PTL 1, a heat transfer tube may use a copper pipe.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Technical Problem

A heat exchanger like one described in PTL 1 is expensive because the heat transfer tube uses the copper pipe.
In this way, the refrigeration cycle apparatus including the heat exchanger has an object to decrease the material cost.

Solution to Problem

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a first aspect includes a flammable refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene; an evaporator that evaporates the refrigerant; and a condenser that condenses the refrigerant; at least one of the evaporator and the condenser is a heat exchanger that includes a plurality of fins made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and a plurality of heat transfer tubes made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and that causes the refrigerant flowing inside the heat transfer tubes and a fluid flowing along the fins to exchange heat with each other; and the refrigerant repeats a refrigeration cycle by circulating through the evaporator and the condenser.
With the refrigeration cycle apparatus, since the plurality of fins made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and the plurality of heat transfer tubes made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy are included, for example, as compared to a case where a heat transfer tube uses a copper pipe, the material cost of the heat exchanger can be decreased.
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a second aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first aspect, in which each of the plurality of fins has a plurality of holes, the plurality of heat transfer tubes penetrate through the plurality of holes of the plurality of fins, and outer peripheries of the plurality of heat transfer tubes are in close contact with inner peripheries of the plurality of holes.
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a third aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first aspect, in which the plurality of heat transfer tubes are a plurality of flat tubes, and flat surface portions of the flat tubes that are disposed next to each other face each other.
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a fourth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the third aspect, in which each of the plurality of fins is bent in a waveform, disposed between the flat surface portions of the flat tubes disposed next to each other, and connected to the flat surface portions to be able to transfer heat to the flat surface portions.
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a fifth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the third aspect, in which each of the plurality of fins has a plurality of cutouts, and the plurality of flat tubes are inserted into the plurality of cutouts of the plurality of fins and connected thereto to be able to transfer heat to the plurality of fins.
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 6th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through 5th aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).
In this refrigeration cycle apparatus, the refrigeration cycle apparatus can decrease the material cost of the heat exchanger when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to those of R410A is used.
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 7th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the 6th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0),
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD, CO, and OA);

- the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and
- the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 8th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the 6th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments GI, IA, AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CG that connect the following 8 points:
point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments IA, BD, and CG);

- the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 9th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the 6th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1),
point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD and CJ);

- the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),
- the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x²−29.955x+931.91, −0.2421x²+28.955x−831.91),
- the line segment KA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 10th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the 6th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD and CJ);

- the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43)
- the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 11th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the 6th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TP that connect the following 7 points:
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and
point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment BF);

- the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),
- the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2),
- the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x²−0.2393x+36.475), and
- the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 12th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the 6th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP that connect the following 4 points:
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and
point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9),
or on the above line segments;

- the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),
- the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x²−0.2393x+36.475), and the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 13th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the 6th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TS that connect the following 6 points:
point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1),
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and
point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
or on the above line segments,

- the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2),
- the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (x, −0.0017x²−0.7869x+70.888, −0.0017x²−0.2131x+29.112), and
- the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 14th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through 5th aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and

- the refrigerant comprises 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.

In this refrigeration cycle apparatus, the refrigeration cycle apparatus can decrease the material cost of the heat exchanger when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 15th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through 5th aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and

- the refrigerant comprises 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.
- In this refrigeration cycle apparatus, the refrigeration cycle apparatus can decrease the material cost of the heat exchanger when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 16th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through 5th aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32),
wherein

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
- if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD′, D′C, and CG that connect the following 6 points:
  point G (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0),
  point I (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0),
  point A (0.0134a²−1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, −0.0134a²+0.9681a+31.4),
  point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3),
  point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6), and
  point C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI, AB, and D′C (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, point D′, and point C);
- if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
  point G (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0),
  point I (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895),
  point A (0.0112a²−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a²+0.9337a+31.516),
  point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801), and
  point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
  or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
- if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
  point G (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0),
  point I (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273),
  point A (0.0107a²−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a²+0.9142a+31.695),
  point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682), and
  point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
  or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
- if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
  point G (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0),
  point I (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014),
  point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207),
  point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714), and
  point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
  or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); and
- if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
  point G (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098, 0.0),
  point I (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098),
  point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9),
  point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05), and
  point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
  or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W).

In this refrigeration cycle apparatus, the refrigeration cycle apparatus can decrease the material cost of the heat exchanger when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to those of R410A is used.
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 17th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through 5th aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32),
wherein

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
- if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BD′, D′C, and CJ that connect the following 5 points:
  point J (0.0049a²−0.9645a+47.1, −0.0049a²−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0),
  point K′ (0.0514a²−2.4353a+61.7, −0.0323a²+0.4122a+5.9, −0.0191a²+1.0231a+32.4),
  point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3),
  point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6), and
  point C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),
  or on the straight lines JK′, K′B, and D′C (excluding point J, point B, point D′, and point C);
- if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:
  point J (0.0243a²−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a²+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0),
  point K′ (0.0341a²−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a²+0.34a+5.636, −0.0105a²+0.8577a+33.177),
  point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801), and
  point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
  or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);
- if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:
  point J (0.0246a²−1.4476a+50.184, −0.0246a²+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0),
  point K′ (0.0196a²−1.7863a+58.515, −0.0079a²−0.1136a+8.702, −0.0117a²+0.8999a+32.783),
  point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682), and
  point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
  or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);
- if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:
  point J (0.0183a²−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a²+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0),
  point K′ (−0.0051a²+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a²−1.0929a+74.05),
  point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207),
  point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714), and
  point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
  or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W); and
- if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:
  point J (−0.0134a²+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a²−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0),
  point K′ (−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557),
  point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9),
  point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05), and
  point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
  or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W).

In this refrigeration cycle apparatus, the refrigeration cycle apparatus can decrease the material cost of the heat exchanger when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to those of R410A is used.
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 17th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through 5th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
wherein

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:
  point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
  point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),
  point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
  point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),
  or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI;
- the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.0236y²−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y²+0.7616y+28.0);
- the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y²−1.9003y+58.3, y, −0.012y²+0.9003y+41.7); and
- the line segments IN and EI are straight lines.

In this refrigeration cycle apparatus, the refrigeration cycle apparatus can decrease the material cost of the heat exchanger when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 19th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through 5th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,
wherein

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM′, M′N, NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5 points:
  point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),
  point M′ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8),
  point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),
  point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and
  point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4),
  or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);
- the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y²−3.34y+52.6, y, −0.132y²+2.34y+47.4);
- the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates (0.0596y²−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y²+1.2541y+51.02);
- the line segment VG is represented by coordinates (0.0123y²−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y²+0.8033y+60.4); and
- the line segments NV and GM are straight lines.

In this refrigeration cycle apparatus, the refrigeration cycle apparatus can decrease the material cost of the heat exchanger when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 20th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through 5th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,
wherein

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3 points:
  point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),
  point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
  point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),
  or on these line segments;
- the line segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y²−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y²−0.3299y+62.488);
- the line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y²−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y²+0.7403y+43.365); and
- the line segment UO is a straight line.

In this refrigeration cycle apparatus, the refrigeration cycle apparatus can decrease the material cost of the heat exchanger when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 21th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through 5th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,
wherein

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points:
  point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),
  point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),
  point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
  point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and
  point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),
  or on these line segments;
- the line segment QR is represented by coordinates (0.0099y²−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y²+0.975y+15.235);
- the line segment RT is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874);
- the line segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y²−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y²−0.1158y+38.512);
- the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates (0.0095y²−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y²+0.2222y+32.324); and
- the line segment TL is a straight line.

In this refrigeration cycle apparatus, the refrigeration cycle apparatus can decrease the material cost of the heat exchanger when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 22th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through 5th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,
wherein

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:
  point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),
  point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and
  point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
  or on these line segments;
- the line segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y²−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y²−0.2897y+59.9);
- the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082yz+0.8683y+16.874); and
- the line segment TP is a straight line.

In this refrigeration cycle apparatus, the refrigeration cycle apparatus can decrease the material cost of the heat exchanger when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 23th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through 5th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32),
wherein

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IK, KB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GI that connect the following 6 points:
  point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
  point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4),
  point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),
  point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),
  point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
  point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
  or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GI);
- the line segment IK is represented by coordinates (0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.0, z),
- the line segment HR is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z),
- the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
- the line segments KB′ and GI are straight lines.

In this refrigeration cycle apparatus, the refrigeration cycle apparatus can decrease the material cost of the heat exchanger when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 24th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through 5th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,
wherein

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JR, RG, and GI that connect the following 4 points:
  point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
  point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5),
  point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
  point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
  or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GI);
- the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.025z²−1.7429z+72.0, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.0, z),
- the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
- the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.

In this refrigeration cycle apparatus, the refrigeration cycle apparatus can decrease the material cost of the heat exchanger when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 25th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through 5th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,
wherein

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MP, PB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GM that connect the following 6 points:
  point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
  point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),
  point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),
  point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),
  point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
  point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
  or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GM);
- the line segment MP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z),
- the line segment HR is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z),
- the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
- the line segments PB′ and GM are straight lines.

In this refrigeration cycle apparatus, the refrigeration cycle apparatus can decrease the material cost of the heat exchanger when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 26th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through 5th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,
wherein

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MN, NR, RG, and GM that connect the following 4 points:
  point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
  point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5),
  point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
  point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
  or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);
- the line segment MN is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z),
- the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
- the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.

In this refrigeration cycle apparatus, the refrigeration cycle apparatus can decrease the material cost of the heat exchanger when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 27th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through 5th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,
wherein

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:
  point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),
  point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and
  point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2),
  or on these line segments;
- the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (−0.0982z²+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z²−1.9622z+59.069, z),
- the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z), and
- the line segment PS is a straight line.

In this refrigeration cycle apparatus, the refrigeration cycle apparatus can decrease the material cost of the heat exchanger when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 28th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through 5th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,
wherein

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QB″, B″D, DU, and UQ that connect the following 4 points:
  point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),
  point B″ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0),
  point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and
  point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1),
  or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment B″D);
- the line segment DU is represented by coordinates (−3.4962z²+210.71z−3146.1, 3.4962z²−211.71z+3246.1, z),
- the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates (0.0135z²−0.9181z+44.133, −0.0135z²−0.0819z+55.867, z), and
- the line segments QB″ and B″D are straight lines.

In this refrigeration cycle apparatus, the refrigeration cycle apparatus can decrease the material cost of the heat exchanger when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an instrument used for a flammability test.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing points A to T and line segments that connect these points in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing points A to C, D′, G, I, J, and K′, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass %.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing points A to C, D′, G, I, J, and K′, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 92.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 7.1 mass %).

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing points A to C, D′, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 88.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 11.1 mass %).

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 85.5 mass % (the content of R32 is 14.5 mass %).

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 81.8 mass % (the content of R32 is 18.2 mass %).

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 78.1 mass % (the content of R32 is 21.9 mass %).

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 73.3 mass % (the content of R32 is 26.7 mass %).

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 70.7 mass % (the content of R32 is 29.3 mass %).

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 63.3 mass % (the content of R32 is 36.7 mass %).

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 55.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 44.1 mass %).

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 52.2 mass % (the content of R32 is 47.8 mass %).

FIG. 14 is a view showing points A to C, E, G, and I to W; and line segments that connect points A to C, E, G, and I to W in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass %.

FIG. 15 is a view showing points A to U; and line segments that connect the points in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass %.

FIG. 16 is a schematic configuration diagram of a refrigeration apparatus according to a first embodiment.

FIG. 17 is a front view of an outdoor heat exchanger or an indoor heat exchanger according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 18 is a sectional view of a flat tube of a heat exchanger according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 19 is a schematic perspective view of an outdoor heat exchanger according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 20 is a partly enlarged view when a heat exchange section of the outdoor heat exchanger is cut in the vertical direction.

FIG. 21 is a sectional view in a pipe-axis direction illustrating an inner-surface grooved tube according to a third embodiment.

FIG. 22 is a sectional view taken along line I-I of the inner-surface grooved tube illustrated in FIG. 21.

FIG. 23 is a partly enlarged view illustrating in an enlarged manner a portion of the inner-surface grooved tube illustrated in FIG. 22.

FIG. 24 is a plan view illustrating a configuration of a plate fin.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

(1) Definition of Terms

In the present specification, the term “refrigerant” includes at least compounds that are specified in ISO 817 (International Organization for Standardization), and that are given a refrigerant number (ASHRAE number) representing the type of refrigerant with “R” at the beginning; and further includes refrigerants that have properties equivalent to those of such refrigerants, even though a refrigerant number is not yet given. Refrigerants are broadly divided into fluorocarbon compounds and non-fluorocarbon compounds in terms of the structure of the compounds. Fluorocarbon compounds include chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFC). Non-fluorocarbon compounds include propane (R290), propylene (R1270), butane (R600), isobutane (R600a), carbon dioxide (R744), ammonia (R717), and the like.
In the present specification, the phrase “composition comprising a refrigerant” at least includes (1) a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants), (2) a composition that further comprises other components and that can be mixed with at least a refrigeration oil to obtain a working fluid for a refrigerating machine, and (3) a working fluid for a refrigerating machine containing a refrigeration oil. In the present specification, of these three embodiments, the composition (2) is referred to as a “refrigerant composition” so as to distinguish it from a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants). Further, the working fluid for a refrigerating machine (3) is referred to as a “refrigeration oil-containing working fluid” so as to distinguish it from the “refrigerant composition.”
In the present specification, when the term “alternative” is used in a context in which the first refrigerant is replaced with the second refrigerant, the first type of “alternative” means that equipment designed for operation using the first refrigerant can be operated using the second refrigerant under optimum conditions, optionally with changes of only a few parts (at least one of the following: refrigeration oil, gasket, packing, expansion valve, dryer, and other parts) and equipment adjustment. In other words, this type of alternative means that the same equipment is operated with an alternative refrigerant. Embodiments of this type of “alternative” include “drop-in alternative,” “nearly drop-in alternative,” and “retrofit,” in the order in which the extent of changes and adjustment necessary for replacing the first refrigerant with the second refrigerant is smaller.
The term “alternative” also includes a second type of “alternative,” which means that equipment designed for operation using the second refrigerant is operated for the same use as the existing use with the first refrigerant by using the second refrigerant. This type of alternative means that the same use is achieved with an alternative refrigerant.
In the present specification, the term “refrigerating machine” refers to machines in general that draw heat from an object or space to make its temperature lower than the temperature of ambient air, and maintain a low temperature. In other words, refrigerating machines refer to conversion machines that gain energy from the outside to do work, and that perform energy conversion, in order to transfer heat from where the temperature is lower to where the temperature is higher.
In the present specification, a refrigerant having a “WCF lower flammability” means that the most flammable composition (worst case of formulation for flammability: WCF) has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Further, in the present specification, a refrigerant having “ASHRAE lower flammability” means that the burning velocity of WCF is 10 cm/s or less, that the most flammable fraction composition (worst case of fractionation for flammability: WCFF), which is specified by performing a leakage test during storage, shipping, or use based on ANSI/ASHRAE 34-2013 using WCF, has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less, and that flammability classification according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013 is determined to classified as be “Class 2L.”
In the present specification, a refrigerant having an “RCL of x % or more” means that the refrigerant has a refrigerant concentration limit (RCL), calculated in accordance with the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013, of x % or more. RCL refers to a concentration limit in the air in consideration of safety factors. RCL is an index for reducing the risk of acute toxicity, suffocation, and flammability in a closed space where humans are present. RCL is determined in accordance with the ASHRAE Standard. More specifically, RCL is the lowest concentration among the acute toxicity exposure limit (ATEL), the oxygen deprivation limit (ODL), and the flammable concentration limit (FCL), which are respectively calculated in accordance with sections 7.1.1, 7.1.2, and 7.1.3 of the ASHRAE Standard.
In the present specification, temperature glide refers to an absolute value of the difference between the initial temperature and the end temperature in the phase change process of a composition containing the refrigerant of the present disclosure in the heat exchanger of a refrigerant system.

(2) Refrigerant

(2−1) Refrigerant Component

Any one of various refrigerants such as refrigerant A, refrigerant B, refrigerant C, refrigerant D, and refrigerant E, details of these refrigerant are to be mentioned later, can be used as the refrigerant.
(2-2) Use of refrigerant
The refrigerant according to the present disclosure can be preferably used as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine.
The composition according to the present disclosure is suitable for use as an alternative refrigerant for HFC refrigerant such as R410A, R407C and R404 etc, or HCFC refrigerant such as R22 etc.

(3) Refrigerant Composition

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant according to the present disclosure, and can be used for the same use as the refrigerant according to the present disclosure. Moreover, the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure can be further mixed with at least a refrigeration oil to thereby obtain a working fluid for a refrigerating machine.
The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure further comprises at least one other component in addition to the refrigerant according to the present disclosure. The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise at least one of the following other components, if necessary. As described above, when the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure is used as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine, it is generally used as a mixture with at least a refrigeration oil. Therefore, it is preferable that the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure does not substantially comprise a refrigeration oil. Specifically, in the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure, the content of the refrigeration oil based on the entire refrigerant composition is preferably 0 to 1 mass %, and more preferably 0 to 0.1 mass %.

(3-1) Water

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may contain a small amount of water. The water content of the refrigerant composition is preferably 0.1 mass % or less based on the entire refrigerant. A small amount of water contained in the refrigerant composition stabilizes double bonds in the molecules of unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds that can be present in the refrigerant, and makes it less likely that the unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds will be oxidized, thus increasing the stability of the refrigerant composition.

(3-2) Tracer

A tracer is added to the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure at a detectable concentration such that when the refrigerant composition has been diluted, contaminated, or undergone other changes, the tracer can trace the changes.
The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single tracer, or two or more tracers.
The tracer is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used tracers. Preferably, a compound that cannot be an impurity inevitably mixed in the refrigerant of the present disclosure is selected as the tracer.
Examples of tracers include hydrofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons, fluorocarbons, deuterated hydrocarbons, deuterated hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, brominated compounds, iodinated compounds, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and nitrous oxide (N₂O). The tracer is particularly preferably a hydrofluorocarbon, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon, a chlorofluorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, a hydrochlorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, or a fluoroether.
The following compounds are preferable as the tracer.

FC-14 (tetrafluoromethane, CF₄)
HCC-40 (chloromethane, CH₃Cl)
HFC-23 (trifluoromethane, CHF₃)
HFC-41 (fluoromethane, CH₃Cl)
HFC-125 (pentafluoroethane, CF₃CHF₂)
HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, CF₃CH₂F)
HFC-134 (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, CHF₂CHF₂)
HFC-143a (1,1,1-trifluoroethane, CF₃CH₃)
HFC-143 (1,1,2-trifluoroethane, CHF₂CH₂F)
HFC-152a (1,1-difluoroethane, CHF₂CH₃)
HFC-152 (1,2-difluoroethane, CH₂FCH₂F)
HFC-161 (fluoroethane, CH₃CH₂F)
HFC-245fa (1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, CF₃CH₂CHF₂)
HFC-236fa (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF₃CH₂CF₃)
HFC-236ea (1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF₃CHFCHF₂)
HFC-227ea (1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, CF₃CHFCF₃)
HCFC-22 (chlorodifluoromethane, CHCF₂)
HCFC-31 (chlorofluoromethane, CH₂ClF)
CFC-1113 (chlorotrifluoroethylene, CF₂═CClF)
HFE-125 (trifluoromethyl-difluoromethyl ether, CF₃OCHF₂)
HFE-134a (trifluoromethyl-fluoromethyl ether, CF₃OCH₂F)
HFE-143a (trifluoromethyl-methyl ether, CF₃OCH₃)
HFE-227ea (trifluoromethyl-tetrafluoroethyl ether, CF₃OCFCF₃)
HFE-236fa (trifluoromethyl-trifluoroethyl ether, CF₃OCH₂CF₃)

The tracer compound may be present in the refrigerant composition at a total concentration of about 10 parts per million (ppm) to about 1000 ppm. Preferably, the tracer compound is present in the refrigerant composition at a total concentration of about 30 ppm to about 500 ppm, and most preferably, the tracer compound is present at a total concentration of about 50 ppm to about 300 ppm.

(3-3) Ultraviolet Fluorescent Dye

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single ultraviolet fluorescent dye, or two or more ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.
The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.
Examples of ultraviolet fluorescent dyes include naphthalimide, coumarin, anthracene, phenanthrene, xanthene, thioxanthene, naphthoxanthene, fluorescein, and derivatives thereof. The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is particularly preferably either naphthalimide or coumarin, or both.

(3-4) Stabilizer

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single stabilizer, or two or more stabilizers.
The stabilizer is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used stabilizers.
Examples of stabilizers include nitro compounds, ethers, and amines.
Examples of nitro compounds include aliphatic nitro compounds, such as nitromethane and nitroethane; and aromatic nitro compounds, such as nitro benzene and nitro styrene.
Examples of ethers include 1,4-dioxane.
Examples of amines include 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropylamine and diphenylamine.
Examples of stabilizers also include butylhydroxyxylene and benzotriazole.
The content of the stabilizer is not limited. Generally, the content of the stabilizer is preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %, based on the entire refrigerant.

(3-5) Polymerization Inhibitor

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single polymerization inhibitor, or two or more polymerization inhibitors.
The polymerization inhibitor is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used polymerization inhibitors.
Examples of polymerization inhibitors include 4-methoxy-1-naphthol, hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether, dimethyl-t-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and benzotriazole.
The content of the polymerization inhibitor is not limited. Generally, the content of the polymerization inhibitor is preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %, based on the entire refrigerant.

(4) Refrigeration Oil-Containing Working Fluid

The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant or refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure and a refrigeration oil, for use as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine. Specifically, the refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure is obtained by mixing a refrigeration oil used in a compressor of a refrigerating machine with the refrigerant or the refrigerant composition. The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid generally comprises 10 to 50 mass % of refrigeration oil.

(4-1) Refrigeration Oil

The refrigeration oil is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used refrigeration oils. In this case, refrigeration oils that are superior in the action of increasing the miscibility with the mixture and the stability of the mixture, for example, are suitably selected as necessary.
The base oil of the refrigeration oil is preferably, for example, at least one member selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycols (PAG), polyol esters (POE), and polyvinyl ethers (PVE).
The refrigeration oil may further contain additives in addition to the base oil. The additive may be at least one member selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, extreme-pressure agents, acid scavengers, oxygen scavengers, copper deactivators, rust inhibitors, oil agents, and antifoaming agents.
A refrigeration oil with a kinematic viscosity of 5 to 400 cSt at 40° C. is preferable from the standpoint of lubrication.
The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure may further optionally contain at least one additive. Examples of additives include compatibilizing agents described below.

(4-2) Compatibilizing Agent

The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure may comprise a single compatibilizing agent, or two or more compatibilizing agents.
The compatibilizing agent is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used compatibilizing agents.
Examples of compatibilizing agents include polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers, and 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes. The compatibilizing agent is particularly preferably a polyoxyalkylene glycol ether.

(5) Various Refrigerants

Hereinafter, the refrigerants A to E, which are the refrigerants used in the present embodiment, will be described in detail.
In addition, each description of the following refrigerant A, refrigerant B, refrigerant C, refrigerant D, and refrigerant E is each independent. The alphabet which shows a point or a line segment, the number of an Examples, and the number of a comparative examples are all independent of each other among the refrigerant A, the refrigerant B, the refrigerant C, the refrigerant D, and the refrigerant E. For example, the first embodiment of the refrigerant A and the first embodiment of the refrigerant B are different embodiment from each other.

(5-1) Refrigerant A

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).
The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e., a refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of performance that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.
The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is a composition comprising HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf, and optionally further comprising HFO-1123, and may further satisfy the following requirements. This refrigerant also has various properties desirable as an alternative refrigerant for R410A; i.e., it has a refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of performance that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.

Requirements

Preferable refrigerant A is as follows:
When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0),
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line CO);

- the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3,
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and
- the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, based on their sum in the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within a figure surrounded by line segments GI, IA, AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CG that connect the following 8 points:
point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CG);

- the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and
- the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant A has a WCF lower flammability according to the ASHRAE Standard (the WCF composition has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less).
When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant according to the present disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points: point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1),
point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CJ);

- the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),
- the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x²−29.955x+931.91, −0.2421x²+28.955x−831.91),
- the line segment KA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and
- the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant exhibits a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard (the WCF composition and the WCFF composition have a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less).
When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant according to the present disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CJ);

- the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),
- the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
- the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),
- the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),
- the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and
- the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has an RCL of 40 g/m³or more.
When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TP that connect the following 7 points:
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and
point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment BF);

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has an RCL of 40 g/m³or more.
The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP that connect the following 4 points:
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and
point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9),
or on the above line segments;

- the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),
- the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x²−0.2393x+36.475), and
- the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m³or more, furthermore, the refrigerant has a condensation temperature glide of 1C or less.
The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TS that connect the following 6 points:
point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1),
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
point A′(30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and
point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
or on the above line segments,

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m³or more furthermore, the refrigerant has a discharge pressure of 105% or more relative to that of R410A.
The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Od, dg, gh, and hO that connect the following 4 points:
point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4),
point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7),
point h (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and
point o (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
or on the line segments Od, dg, gh, and hO (excluding the points O and h);

- the line segment dg is represented by coordinates (0.0047y²−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y²+0.5177y+12.402),
- the line segment gh is represented by coordinates (−0.0134z²−1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z²+0.0825z+43.308, z), and
- the line segments hO and Od are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments lg, gh, hi, and il that connect the following 4 points:
  point 1 (72.5, 10.2, 17.3),
  point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7),
  point h (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and
  point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0) or
  on the line segments lg, gh, and il (excluding the points h and i);
- the line segment lg is represented by coordinates (0.0047y²−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y²+0.5177y+12.402), the line gh is represented by coordinates (−0.0134z²−1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z²+0.0825z+43.308, z), and
- the line segments hi and il are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard.
The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Od, de, ef, and fO that connect the following 4 points:
  point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4),
  point e (31.1, 42.9, 26.0),
  point f (65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and
  point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
  or on the line segments Od, de, and ef (excluding the points O and f);
- the line segment de is represented by coordinates (0.0047y²−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y²+0.5177y+12.402),
- the line segment ef is represented by coordinates (−0.0064z²−1.1565z+65.501, 0.0064z²+0.1565z+34.499, z), and
- the line segments fO and Od are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
- coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments le, ef, fi, and il that connect the following 4 points:
  point l (72.5, 10.2, 17.3),
  point e (31.1, 42.9, 26.0),
  point f (65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and
  point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0),
  or on the line segments le, ef, and il (excluding the points f and i);
- the line segment le is represented by coordinates (0.0047y²−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y²+0.5177y+12.402),
- the line segment ef is represented by coordinates (−0.0134z²−1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z²+0.0825z+43.308, z), and
- the line segments fi and il are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard.
The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
- coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oa, ab, bc, and cO that connect the following 4 points:
  point a (93.4, 0.0, 6.6),
  point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8),
  point c (77.6, 22.4, 0.0), and
  point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
  or on the line segments Oa, ab, and bc (excluding the points O and c);
- the line segment ab is represented by coordinates (0.0052y²−1.5588y+93.385, y, −0.0052y²+0.5588y+6.615),
- the line segment be is represented by coordinates (−0.0032z²−1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z²+0.1791z+22.407, z), and
- the line segments cO and Oa are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A.
The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
- coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments kb, bj, and jk that connect the following 3 points:
  point k (72.5, 14.1, 13.4),
  point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8), and
  point j (72.5, 23.2, 4.3),
  or on the line segments kb, bj, and jk;
- the line segment kb is represented by coordinates (0.0052y²−1.5588y+93.385, y, and −0.0052y+0.5588y+6.615),
- the line segment bj is represented by coordinates (−0.0032z²−1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z²+0.1791z+22.407, z), and
- the line segment jk is a straight line.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard.
The refrigerant according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.
The refrigerant according to the present disclosure may comprise HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, 99.75 mass % or more, or 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.
Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can be widely selected. The mixed refrigerant may contain one additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.

Examples of Refrigerant A

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant A. However, refrigerant A is not limited to the Examples.
The GWP of R1234yf and a composition consisting of a mixed refrigerant R410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in International Publication No. 2015/141678). The refrigerating capacity of R410A and compositions each comprising a mixture of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.
Further, the RCL of the mixture was calculated with the LFL of THFO-1132(E) being 4.7 vol. the LFL of HFO-1123 being 10 vol. and the LFL of R1234yf being 6.2 vol. %, in accordance with the ASHRAEL Standard 34-2013.
Evaporating temperature: 5° C.
Condensation temperature: 45° C.
Degree of superheating: 5K
Degree of subcooling: 5K
Compressor efficiency: 70%
Tables 1 to 34 show these values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant.

TABLE 1

			Comp.	Comp.		Exam-		Comp.
		Comp.	Ex. 2	Ex. 3	Exam-	ple 2	Exam-	Ex. 4
Item	Unit	Ex. 1	O	A	ple 1	A′	ple 3	B

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	R410A	100.0	68.6	49.0	30.6	14.1	0.0
HFO-1123	mass %		0.0	0.0	14.9	30.0	44.8	58.7
R1234yf	mass %		0.0	31.4	36.1	39.4	41.1	41.3
GWP	—	2088	1	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	100	99.7	100.0	98.6	97.3	96.3	95.5
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	100	98.3	85.0	85.0	85.0	85.0	85.0
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	0.1	0.00	1.98	3.36	4.46	5.15	5.35
glide
Discharge	% (relative	100.0	99.3	87.1	88.9	90.6	92.1	93.2
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	—	30.7	37.5	44.0	52.7	64.0	78.6

TABLE 2

		Comp.		Exam-		Comp.	Comp.	Exam-	Comp.
		Ex. 5	Exam-	ple 5	Exam-	Ex. 6	Ex. 7	ple 7	Ex. 8
Item	Unit	C	ple 4	C′	ple 6	D	E	E′	F

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	32.9	26.6	19.5	10.9	0.0	58.0	23.4	0.0
HFO-1123	mass %	67.1	68.4	70.5	74.1	80.4	42.0	48.5	61.8
R1234yf	mass %	0.0	5.0	10.0	15.0	19.6	0.0	28.1	38.2
GWP	—	1	1	1	1	2	1	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	92.5	92.5	92.5	92.5	92.5	95.0	95.0	95.0
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	107.4	105.2	102.9	100.5	97.9	105.0	92.5	86.9
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	0.16	0.52	0.94	1.42	1.90	0.42	3.16	4.80
glide
Discharge	% (relative	119.5	117.4	115.3	113.0	115.9	112.7	101.0	95.8
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	53.5	57.1	62.0	69.1	81.3	41.9	46.3	79.0

TABLE 3

		Comp.	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-
		Ex. 9	ple 8	ple 9	ple 10	ple 11	ple 12
Item	Unit	J	P	L	N	N′	K

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	47.1	55.8	63.1	68.6	65.0	61.3
HFO-1123	mass %	52.9	42.0	31.9	16.3	7.7	5.4
R1234yf	mass %	0.0	2.2	5.0	15.1	27.3	33.3
GWP	—	1	1	1	1	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	93.8	95.0	96.1	97.9	99.1	99.5
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	106.2	104.1	101.6	95.0	88.2	85.0
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	0.31	0.57	0.81	1.41	2.11	2.51
glide
Discharge	% (relative	115.8	111.9	107.8	99.0	91.2	87.7
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	46.2	42.6	40.0	38.0	38.7	39.7

TABLE 4

		Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-
		ple 13	ple 14	ple 15	ple 16	ple 17	ple 18	ple 19
Item	Unit	L	M	Q	R	S	S′	T

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	63.1	60.3	62.8	49.8	62.6	50.0	35.8
HFO-1123	mass %	31.9	6.2	29.6	42.3	28.3	35.8	44.9
R1234yf	mass %	5.0	33.5	7.6	7.9	9.1	14.2	19.3
GWP	—	1	2	1	1	1	1	2
COP ratio	% (relative	96.1	99.4	96.4	95.0	96.6	95.8	95.0
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	101.6	85.0	100.2	101.7	99.4	98.1	96.7
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	0.81	2.58	1.00	1.00	1.10	1.55	2.07
glide
Discharge	% (relative	107.8	87.9	106.0	109.6	105.0	105.0	105.0
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	40.0	40.0	40.0	44.8	40.0	44.4	50.8

TABLE 5

		Comp.	Example	Example
		Ex. 10	20	21
Item	Unit	G	H	I

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	72.0	72.0	72.0
HFO-1123	mass %	28.0	14.0	0.0
R1234yf	mass %	0.0	14.0	28.0
GWP	—	1	1	2
COP ratio	% (relative	96.6	98.2	99.9
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	103.1	95.1	86.6
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	0.46	1.27	1.71
glide
Discharge	% (relative	108.4	98.7	88.6
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	37.4	37.0	36.6

TABLE 6

		Comp.	Comp.	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Comp.
Item	Unit	Ex. 11	Ex. 12	ple 22	ple 23	ple 24	ple 25	ple 26	Ex. 13

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0	70.0	80.0
HFO-1123	mass %	85.0	75.0	65.0	55.0	45.0	35.0	25.0	15.0
R1234yf	mass %	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0
GWP	—	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
COP ratio	% (relative	91.4	92.0	92.8	93.7	94.7	95.8	96.9	98.0
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	105.7	105.5	105.0	104.3	103.3	102.0	100.6	99.1
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	0.40	0.46	0.55	0.66	0.75	0.80	0.79	0.67
glide
Discharge	% (relative	120.1	118.7	116.7	114.3	111.6	108.7	105.6	102.5
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	71.0	61.9	54.9	49.3	44.8	41.0	37.8	35.1

TABLE 7

		Comp.	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Comp.
Item	Unit	Ex. 14	ple 27	ple 28	ple 29	ple 30	ple 31	ple 32	Ex. 15

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0	70.0	80.0
HFO-1123	mass %	80.0	70.0	60.0	50.0	40.0	30.0	20.0	10.0
R1234yf	mass %	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0
GWP	—	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
COP ratio	% (relative	91.9	92.5	93.3	94.3	95.3	96.4	97.5	98.6
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	103.2	102.9	102.4	101.5	100.5	99.2	97.8	96.2
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	0.87	0.94	1.03	1.12	1.18	1.18	1.09	0.88
glide
Discharge	% (relative	116.7	115.2	113.2	110.8	108.1	105.2	102.1	99.0
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	70.5	61.6	54.6	49.1	44.6	40.8	37.7	35.0

TABLE 8

		Comp.	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Comp.
Item	Unit	Ex. 16	ple 33	ple 34	ple 35	ple 36	ple 37	ple 38	Ex. 17

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0	70.0	80.0
HFO-1123	mass %	75.0	65.0	55.0	45.0	35.0	25.0	15.0	5.0
R1234yf	mass %	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0
GWP	—	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
COP ratio	% (relative	92.4	93.1	93.9	94.8	95.9	97.0	98.1	99.2
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	100.5	100.2	99.6	98.7	97.7	96.4	94.9	93.2
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	1.41	1.49	1.56	1.62	1.63	1.55	1.37	1.05
glide
Discharge	% (relative	113.1	111.6	109.6	107.2	104.5	101.6	98.6	95.5
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	70.0	61.2	54.4	48.9	44.4	40.7	37.5	34.8

TABLE 9

		Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-
Item	Unit	ple 39	ple 40	ple 41	ple 42	ple 43	ple 44	ple 45

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0	70.0
HFO-1123	mass %	70.0	60.0	50.0	40.0	30.0	20.0	10.0
R1234yf	mass %	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	93.0	93.7	94.5	95.5	96.5	97.6	98.7
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	97.7	97.4	96.8	95.9	94.7	93.4	91.9
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	2.03	2.09	2.13	2.14	2.07	1.91	1.61
glide
Discharge	% (relative	109.4	107.9	105.9	103.5	100.8	98.0	95.0
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	69.6	60.9	54.1	48.7	44.2	40.5	37.4

TABLE 10

		Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-
Item	Unit	ple	46	ple 47	ple 48	ple 49	ple 50	ple 51	ple 52

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0	70.0
HFO-1123	mass %	65.0	55.0	45.0	35.0	25.0	15.0	5.0
R1234yf	mass %	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	93.6	94.3	95.2	96.1	97.2	98.2	99.3
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	94.8	94.5	93.8	92.9	91.8	90.4	88.8
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	2.71	2.74	2.73	2.66	2.50	2.22	1.78
glide
Discharge	% (relative	105.5	104.0	102.1	99.7	97.1	94.3	91.4
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	69.1	60.5	53.8	48.4	44.0	40.4	37.3

TABLE 11

		Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-
Item	Unit	ple 53	ple 54	ple 55	ple 56	ple 57	ple 58

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0
HFO-1123	mass %	60.0	50.0	40.0	30.0	20.0	10.0
R1234yf	mass %	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	94.3	95.0	95.9	96.8	97.8	98.9
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	91.9	91.5	90.8	89.9	88.7	87.3
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	3.46	3.43	3.35	3.18	2.90	2.47
glide
Discharge	% (relative	101.6	100.1	98.2	95.9	93.3	90.6
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	68.7	60.2	53.5	48.2	43.9	40.2

TABLE 12

		Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Comp.
Item	Unit	ple	59	ple 60	ple 61	ple 62	ple 63	Ex. 18

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0
HFO-1123	mass %	55.0	45.0	35.0	25.0	15.0	5.0
R1234yf	mass %	35.0	35.0	35.0	35.0	35.0	35.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	95.0	95.8	96.6	97.5	98.5	99.6
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	88.9	88.5	87.8	86.8	85.6	84.1
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	4.24	4.15	3.96	3.67	3.24	2.64
glide
Discharge	% (relative	97.6	96.1	94.2	92.0	89.5	86.8
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	68.2	59.8	53.2	48.0	43.7	40.1

TABLE 13

		Exam-	Exam-	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.
Item	Unit	ple 64	ple 65	Ex. 19	Ex. 20	Ex. 21

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0
HFO-1123	mass %	50.0	40.0	30.0	20.0	10.0
R1234yf	mass %	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	95.9	96.6	97.4	98.3	99.2
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	85.8	85.4	84.7	83.6	82.4
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	5.05	4.85	4.55	4.10	3.50
glide
Discharge	% (relative	93.5	92.1	90.3	88.1	85.6
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	67.8	59.5	53.0	47.8	43.5

TABLE 14

		Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-
Item	Unit	ple 66	ple 67	ple 68	ple 69	ple 70	ple 71	ple 72	ple 73

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	54.0	56.0	58.0	62.0	52.0	54.0	56.0	58.0
HFO-1123	mass %	41.0	39.0	37.0	33.0	41.0	39.0	37.0	35.0
R1234yf	mass %	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	7.0	7.0	7.0	7.0
GWP	—	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
COP ratio	% (relative	95.1	95.3	95.6	96.0	95.1	95.4	95.6	95.8
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	102.8	102.6	102.3	101.8	101.9	101.7	101.5	101.2
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	0.78	0.79	0.80	0.81	0.93	0.94	0.95	0.95
glide
Discharge	% (relative	110.5	109.9	109.3	108.1	109.7	109.1	108.5	107.9
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	43.2	42.4	41.7	40.3	43.9	43.1	42.4	41.6

TABLE 15

		Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-
Item	Unit	ple 74	ple 75	ple 76	ple 77	ple 78	ple 79	ple 80	ple 81

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	60.0	62.0	61.0	58.0	60.0	62.0	52.0	54.0
HFO-1123	mass %	33.0	31.0	29.0	30.0	28.0	26.0	34.0	32.0
R1234yf	mass %	7.0	7.0	10.0	12.0	12.0	12.0	14.0	14.0
GWP	—	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
COP ratio	% (relative	96.0	96.2	96.5	96.4	96.6	96.8	96.0	96.2
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	100.9	100.7	99.1	98.4	98.1	97.8	98.0	97.7
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	0.95	0.95	1.18	1.34	1.33	1.32	1.53	1.53
glide
Discharge	% (relative	107.3	106.7	104.9	104.4	103.8	103.2	104.7	104.1
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	40.9	40.3	40.5	41.5	40.8	40.1	43.6	42.9

TABLE 16

		Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-
Item	Unit	ple 82	ple 83	ple 84	ple 85	ple 86	ple 87	ple 88	ple 89

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	56.0	58.0	60.0	48.0	50.0	52.0	54.0	56.0
HFO-1123	mass %	30.0	28.0	26.0	36.0	34.0	32.0	30.0	28.0
R1234yf	mass %	14.0	14.0	14.0	16.0	16.0	16.0	16.0	16.0
GWP	—	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
COP ratio	% (relative	96.4	96.6	96.9	95.8	96.0	96.2	96.4	96.7
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	97.5	97.2	96.9	97.3	97.1	96.8	96.6	96.3
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	1.51	1.50	1.48	1.72	1.72	1.71	1.69	1.67
glide
Discharge	% (relative	103.5	102.9	102.3	104.3	103.8	103.2	102.7	102.1
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	42.1	41.4	40.7	45.2	44.4	43.6	42.8	42.1

TABLE 17

		Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-
Item	Unit	ple 90	ple 91	ple 92	ple 93	ple 94	ple 95	ple 96	ple 97

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	58.0	60.0	42.0	44.0	46.0	48.0	50.0	52.0
HFO-1123	mass %	26.0	24.0	40.0	38.0	36.0	34.0	32.0	30.0
R1234yf	mass %	16.0	16.0	18.0	18.0	18.0	18.0	18.0	18.0
GWP	—	1	1	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	96.9	97.1	95.4	95.6	95.8	96.0	96.3	96.5
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	96.1	95.8	96.8	96.6	96.4	96.2	95.9	95.7
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	1.65	1.63	1.93	1.92	1.92	1.91	1.89	1.88
glide
Discharge	% (relative	101.5	100.9	104.5	103.9	103.4	102.9	102.3	101.8
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	41.4	40.7	47.8	46.9	46.0	45.1	44.3	43.5

TABLE 18

		Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-
Item	Unit	ple 98	ple 99	ple 100	ple 101	ple 102	ple 103	ple 104	ple 105

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	54.0	56.0	58.0	60.0	36.0	38.0	42.0	44.0
HFO-1123	mass %	28.0	26.0	24.0	22.0	44.0	42.0	38.0	36.0
R1234yf	mass %	18.0	18.0	18.0	18.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	96.7	96.9	97.1	97.3	95.1	95.3	95.7	95.9
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	95.4	95.2	94.9	94.6	96.3	96.1	95.7	95.4
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	1.86	1.83	1.80	1.77	2.14	2.14	2.13	2.12
glide
Discharge	% (relative	101.2	100.6	100.0	99.5	104.5	104.0	103.0	102.5
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	42.7	42.0	41.3	40.6	50.7	49.7	47.7	46.8

TABLE 19

		Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-
Item	Unit	ple 106	ple 107	ple 108	ple 109	ple 110	ple 111	ple 112	ple 113

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	46.0	48.0	52.0	54.0	56.0	58.0	34.0	36.0
HFO-1123	mass %	34.0	32.0	28.0	26.0	24.0	22.0	44.0	42.0
R1234yf	mass %	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	22.0	22.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	96.1	96.3	96.7	96.9	97.2	97.4	95.1	95.3
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	95.2	95.0	94.5	94.2	94.0	93.7	95.3	95.1
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	2.11	2.09	2.05	2.02	1.99	1.95	2.37	2.36
glide
Discharge	% (relative	101.9	101.4	100.3	99.7	99.2	98.6	103.4	103.0
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	45.9	45.0	43.4	42.7	41.9	41.2	51.7	50.6

TABLE 20

		Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-
Item	Unit	ple 114	ple 115	ple 116	ple 117	ple 118	ple 119	ple 120	ple 121

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	38.0	40.0	42.0	44.0	46.0	48.0	50.0	52.0
HFO-1123	mass %	40.0	38.0	36.0	34.0	32.0	30.0	28.0	26.0
R1234yf	mass %	22.0	22.0	22.0	22.0	22.0	22.0	22.0	22.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	95.5	95.7	95.9	96.1	96.4	96.6	96.8	97.0
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	94.9	94.7	94.5	94.3	94.0	93.8	93.6	93.3
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	2.36	2.35	2.33	2.32	2.30	2.27	2.25	2.21
glide
Discharge	% (relative	102.5	102.0	101.5	101.0	100.4	99.9	99.4	98.8
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	49.6	48.6	47.6	46.7	45.8	45.0	44.1	43.4

TABLE 21

		Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-
Item	Unit	ple 122	ple 123	ple 124	ple 125	ple 126	ple 127	ple 128	ple 129

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	54.0	56.0	58.0	60.0	32.0	34.0	36.0	38.0
HFO-1123	mass %	24.0	22.0	20.0	18.0	44.0	42.0	40.0	38.0
R1234yf	mass %	22.0	22.0	22.0	22.0	24.0	24.0	24.0	24.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	97.2	97.4	97.6	97.9	95.2	95.4	95.6	95.8
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	93.0	92.8	92.5	92.2	94.3	94.1	93.9	93.7
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	2.18	2.14	2.09	2.04	2.61	2.60	2.59	2.58
glide
Discharge	% (relative	98.2	97.7	97.1	96.5	102.4	101.9	101.5	101.0
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	42.6	41.9	41.2	40.5	52.7	51.6	50.5	49.5

TABLE 22

		Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-
Item	Unit	ple 130	ple 131	ple 132	ple 133	ple 134	ple 135	ple 136	ple 137

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	40.0	42.0	44.0	46.0	48.0	50.0	52.0	54.0
HFO-1123	mass %	36.0	34.0	32.0	30.0	28.0	26.0	24.0	22.0
R1234yf	mass %	24.0	24.0	24.0	24.0	24.0	24.0	24.0	24.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	96.0	96.2	96.4	96.6	96.8	97.0	97.2	97.5
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	93.5	93.3	93.1	92.8	92.6	92.4	92.1	91.8
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	2.56	2.54	2.51	2.49	2.45	2.42	2.38	2.33
glide
Discharge	% (relative	100.5	100.0	99.5	98.9	98.4	97.9	97.3	96.8
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	48.5	47.5	46.6	45.7	44.9	44.1	43.3	42.5

TABLE 23

		Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-
Item	Unit	ple 138	ple 139	ple 140	ple 141	ple 142	ple 143	ple 144	ple 145

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	56.0	58.0	60.0	30.0	32.0	34.0	36.0	38.0
HFO-1123	mass %	20.0	18.0	16.0	44.0	42.0	40.0	38.0	36.0
R1234yf	mass %	24.0	24.0	24.0	26.0	26.0	26.0	26.0	26.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	97.7	97.9	98.1	95.3	95.5	95.7	95.9	96.1
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	91.6	91.3	91.0	93.2	93.1	92.9	92.7	92.5
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	2.28	2.22	2.16	2.86	2.85	2.83	2.81	2.79
glide
Discharge	% (relative	96.2	95.6	95.1	101.3	100.8	100.4	99.9	99.4
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	41.8	41.1	40.4	53.7	52.6	51.5	50.4	49.4

TABLE 24

		Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-
Item	Unit	ple 146	ple 147	ple 148	ple 149	ple 150	ple 151	ple 152	ple 153

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	40.0	42.0	44.0	46.0	48.0	50.0	52.0	54.0
HFO-1123	mass %	34.0	32.0	30.0	28.0	26.0	24.0	22.0	20.0
R1234yf	mass %	26.0	26.0	26.0	26.0	26.0	26.0	26.0	26.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	96.3	96.5	96.7	96.9	97.1	97.3	97.5	97.7
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	92.3	92.1	91.9	91.6	91.4	91.2	90.9	90.6
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	2.77	2.74	2.71	2.67	2.63	2.59	2.53	2.48
glide
Discharge	% (relative	99.0	98.5	97.9	97.4	96.9	96.4	95.8	95.3
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	48.4	47.4	46.5	45.7	44.8	44.0	43.2	42.5

TABLE 25

		Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-
Item	Unit	ple 154	ple 155	ple 156	ple 157	ple 158	ple 159	ple 160	ple 161

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	56.0	58.0	60.0	30.0	32.0	34.0	36.0	38.0
HFO-1123	mass %	18.0	16.0	14.0	42.0	40.0	38.0	36.0	34.0
R1234yf	mass %	26.0	26.0	26.0	28.0	28.0	28.0	28.0	28.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	97.9	98.2	98.4	95.6	95.8	96.0	96.2	96.3
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	90.3	90.1	89.8	92.1	91.9	91.7	91.5	91.3
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	2.42	2.35	2.27	3.10	3.09	3.06	3.04	3.01
glide
Discharge	% (relative	94.7	94.1	93.6	99.7	99.3	98.8	98.4	97.9
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	41.7	41.0	40.3	53.6	52.5	51.4	50.3	49.3

TABLE 26

		Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-
Item	Unit	ple 162	ple 163	ple 164	ple 165	ple 166	ple 167	ple 168	ple 169

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	40.0	42.0	44.0	46.0	48.0	50.0	52.0	54.0
HFO-1123	mass %	32.0	30.0	28.0	26.0	24.0	22.0	20.0	18.0
R1234yf	mass %	28.0	28.0	28.0	28.0	28.0	28.0	28.0	28.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	96.5	96.7	96.9	97.2	97.4	97.6	97.8	98.0
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	91.1	90.9	90.7	90.4	90.2	89.9	89.7	89.4
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	2.98	2.94	2.90	2.85	2.80	2.75	2.68	2.62
glide
Discharge	% (relative	97.4	96.9	96.4	95.9	95.4	94.9	94.3	93.8
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	48.3	47.4	46.4	45.6	44.7	43.9	43.1	42.4

TABLE 27

		Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-
Item	Unit	ple 170	ple 171	ple 172	ple 173	ple 174	ple 175	ple 176	ple 177

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	56.0	58.0	60.0	32.0	34.0	36.0	38.0	42.0
HFO-1123	mass %	16.0	14.0	12.0	38.0	36.0	34.0	32.0	28.0
R1234yf	mass %	28.0	28.0	28.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	98.2	98.4	98.6	96.1	96.2	96.4	96.6	97.0
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	89.1	88.8	88.5	90.7	90.5	90.3	90.1	89.7
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	2.54	2.46	2.38	3.32	3.30	3.26	3.22	3.14
glide
Discharge	% (relative	93.2	92.6	92.1	97.7	97.3	96.8	96.4	95.4
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	41.7	41.0	40.3	52.4	51.3	50.2	49.2	47.3

TABLE 28

		Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-
Item	Unit	ple 178	ple 179	ple 180	ple 181	ple 182	ple 183	ple 184	ple 185

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	44.0	46.0	48.0	50.0	52.0	54.0	56.0	58.0
HFO-1123	mass %	26.0	24.0	22.0	20.0	18.0	16.0	14.0	12.0
R1234yf	mass %	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	97.2	97.4	97.6	97.8	98.0	98.3	98.5	98.7
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	89.4	89.2	89.0	88.7	88.4	88.2	87.9	87.6
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	3.08	3.03	2.97	2.90	2.83	2.75	2.66	2.57
glide
Discharge	% (relative	94.9	94.4	93.9	93.3	92.8	92.3	91.7	91.1
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	46.4	45.5	44.7	43.9	43.1	42.3	41.6	40.9

TABLE 29

		Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-
Item	Unit	ple 186	ple 187	ple 188	ple 189	ple 190	ple 191	ple 192	ple 193

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	30.0	32.0	34.0	36.0	38.0	40.0	42.0	44.0
HFO-1123	mass %	38.0	36.0	34.0	32.0	30.0	28.0	26.0	24.0
R1234yf	mass %	32.0	32.0	32.0	32.0	32.0	32.0	32.0	32.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	96.2	96.3	96.5	96.7	96.9	97.1	97.3	97.5
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	89.6	89.5	89.3	89.1	88.9	88.7	88.4	88.2
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	3.60	3.56	3.52	3.48	3.43	3.38	3.33	3.26
glide
Discharge	% (relative	96.6	96.2	95.7	95.3	94.8	94.3	93.9	93.4
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	53.4	52.3	51.2	50.1	49.1	48.1	47.2	46.3

TABLE 30

		Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-
Item	Unit	ple	194	ple 195	ple 196	ple 197	ple 198	ple 199	ple 200	ple 201

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	46.0	48.0	50.0	52.0	54.0	56.0	58.0	60.0
HFO-1123	mass %	22.0	20.0	18.0	16.0	14.0	12.0	10.0	8.0
R1234yf	mass %	32.0	32.0	32.0	32.0	32.0	32.0	32.0	32.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	97.7	97.9	98.1	98.3	98.5	98.7	98.9	99.2
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	88.0	87.7	87.5	87.2	86.9	86.6	86.3	86.0
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	3.20	3.12	3.04	2.96	2.87	2.77	2.66	2.55
glide
Discharge	% (relative	92.8	92.3	91.8	91.3	90.7	90.2	89.6	89.1
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	45.4	44.6	43.8	43.0	42.3	41.5	40.8	40.2

TABLE 31

		Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-
Item	Unit	ple	202	ple 203	ple 204	ple 205	ple 206	ple 207	ple 208	ple 209

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	30.0	32.0	34.0	36.0	38.0	40.0	42.0	44.0
HFO-1123	mass %	36.0	34.0	32.0	30.0	28.0	26.0	24.0	22.0
R1234yf	mass %	34.0	34.0	34.0	34.0	34.0	34.0	34.0	34.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	96.5	96.6	96.8	97.0	97.2	97.4	97.6	97.8
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	88.4	88.2	88.0	87.8	87.6	87.4	87.2	87.0
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	3.84	3.80	3.75	3.70	3.64	3.58	3.51	3.43
glide
Discharge	% (relative	95.0	94.6	94.2	93.7	93.3	92.8	92.3	91.8
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	53.3	52.2	51.1	50.0	49.0	48.0	47.1	46.2

TABLE 32

		Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-
Item	Unit	ple 210	ple 211	ple 212	ple 213	ple 214	ple 215	ple 216	ple 217

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	46.0	48.0	50.0	52.0	54.0	30.0	32.0	34.0
HFO-1123	mass %	20.0	18.0	16.0	14.0	12.0	34.0	32.0	30.0
R1234yf	mass %	34.0	34.0	34.0	34.0	34.0	36.0	36.0	36.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	98.0	98.2	98.4	98.6	98.8	96.8	96.9	97.1
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	86.7	86.5	86.2	85.9	85.6	87.2	87.0	86.8
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	3.36	3.27	3.18	3.08	2.97	4.08	4.03	3.97
glide
Discharge	% (relative	91.3	90.8	90.3	89.7	89.2	93.4	93.0	92.6
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	45.3	44.5	43.7	42.9	42.2	53.2	52.1	51.0

TABLE 33

		Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-
Item	Unit	ple 218	ple 219	ple 220	ple 221	ple 222	ple 223	ple 224	ple 225

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	36.0	38.0	40.0	42.0	44.0	46.0	30.0	32.0
HFO-1123	mass %	28.0	26.0	24.0	22.0	20.0	18.0	32.0	30.0
R1234yf	mass %	36.0	36.0	36.0	36.0	36.0	36.0	38.0	38.0
GWP	—	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	97.3	97.5	97.7	97.9	98.1	98.3	97.1	97.2
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	86.6	86.4	86.2	85.9	85.7	85.5	85.9	85.7
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation	° C.	3.91	3.84	3.76	3.68	3.60	3.50	4.32	4.25
glide
Discharge	% (relative	92.1	91.7	91.2	90.7	90.3	89.8	91.9	91.4
pressure	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	49.9	48.9	47.9	47.0	46.1	45.3	53.1	52.0

TABLE 34

			Example	Example
	Item	Unit	226	227

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	34.0	36.0
HFO-1123	mass %	28.0	26.0
R1234yf	mass %	38.0	38.0
GWP	—	2	2
COP ratio	% (relative	97.4	97.6
	to 410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	85.6	85.3
capacity ratio	to 410A)
Condensation glide	° C.	4.18	4.11
Discharge pressure	% (relative	91.0	90.6
	to 410A)
RCL	g/m³	50.9	49.8

These results indicate that under the condition that the mass % of TIFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x,y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and GA that connect the following 7 points:
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0),
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CO);
the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3,
the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),
the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines,
the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
The point on the line segment AA′ was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point A, Example 1, and point A′ by the least square method.
The point on the line segment A′B was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point A′, Example 3, and point B by the least square method.
The point on the line segment DC′ was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point D, Example 6, and point C′ by the least square method.
The point on the line segment C′C was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point C′, Example 4, and point C by the least square method.
Likewise, the results indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BF, FT, TE, EO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2),
point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
point E (58.0, 42.0, 0.0) and
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line EO);
the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),
the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²0.2499x+38.2), and
the line segment TE is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.0067x²−0.2393x+36.475), and
the line segments BF, FO, and OA are straight lines,
the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A.
The point on the line segment FT was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points T, E′, and F, by the least square method.
The point on the line segment TE was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points E, R, and T, by the least square method.
The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which the sum of these components is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below the line segment LM connecting point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0) and point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), the refrigerant has an RCL of 40 g/m³or more.
The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123 and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the line segment QR connecting point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6) and point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9) or on the left side of the line segment, the refrigerant has a temperature glide of 1C or less.
The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the line segment ST connecting point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1) and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3) or on the right side of the line segment, the refrigerant has a discharge pressure of 105% or less relative to that of 410A.
In these compositions, R1234yf contributes to reducing flammability, and suppressing deterioration of polymerization etc. Therefore, the composition preferably contains R1234yf.
Further, the burning velocity of these mixed refrigerants whose mixed formulations were adjusted to WCF concentrations was measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Compositions having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be classified as “Class 2L (lower flammability).”
A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 901 refers to a sample cell, 902 refers to a high-speed camera, 903 refers to a xenon lamp, 904 refers to a collimating lens, 905 refers to a collimating lens, and 906 refers to a ring filter. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 is, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.
Each WCFF concentration was obtained by using the WCF concentration as the initial concentration and performing a leak simulation using NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0.
Tables 35 and 36 show the results.

TABLE 35

Item	Unit	G	H	I

WCF	HFO-1132(E)	mass %	72.0	72.0	72.0
	HFO-1123	mass %	28.0	9.6	0.0
	R1234yf	mass %	0.0	18.4	28.0

Burning velocity (WCF)	cm/s	10	10	10

TABLE 36

Item	Unit	J	P	L	N	N′	K

WCF	HFO-1132(E)	mass %	47.1	55.8	63.1	68.6	65.0	61.3
	HFO-1123	mass %	52.9	42.0	31.9	16.3	7.7	5.4
	R1234yf	mass %	0.0	2.2	5.0	15.1	27.3	33.3

Leak condition that	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/
results in WCFF	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°	Shipping, −40°
	C., 92%	C., 90%	C., 90%	C., 66%	C., 12%	C., 0%
	release,	release,	release,	release,	release,	release,
	liquid	liquid	gas phase	gas phase	gas phase	gas phase
	phase side	phase side	side	side	side	side

WCFF	HFO-1132(E)	mass %	72.0	72.0	72.0	72.0	72.0	72.0
	HFO-1123	mass %	28.0	17.8	17.4	13.6	12.3	9.8
	R1234yf	mass %	0.0	10.2	10.6	14.4	15.7	18.2

Burning velocity	cm/s	8 or less	8 or less	8 or less	9	9	8 or less
(WCF)
Burning velocity	cm/s	10	10	10	10	10	10
(WCFF)

The results in Table 35 clearly indicate that when a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf contains HFO-1132(E) in a proportion of 72.0 mass % or less based on their sum, the refrigerant can be determined to have a WCF lower flammability.
The results in Tables 36 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, and a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base,
when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below the line segments JP, PN, and NK connecting the following 6 points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0)
point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1)
point N′ (65.0, 7.7, 27.3) and
point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3),
the refrigerant can be determined to have a WCF lower flammability, and a WCFF lower flammability.
In the diagram, the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),
and the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x²−29.955x+931.91, −0.2421x²+28.955x−831.91).
The point on the line segment PN was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points P, L, and N, by the least square method.
The point on the line segment NK was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points N, N′, and K, by the least square method.

(5-2) Refrigerant B

The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is

- a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and the refrigerant comprising 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % or 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant, or
- a mixed refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and the refrigerant comprising 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.

The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e., (1) a coefficient of performance equivalent to that of R410A, (2) a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of R410A, (3) a sufficiently low GWP, and (4) a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.
When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising 72.0 mass % or less of HFO-1132(E), it has WCF lower flammability. When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is a composition comprising 47.1% or less of HFO-1132(E), it has WCF lower flammability and WCFF lower flammability, and is determined to be “Class 2L,” which is a lower flammable refrigerant according to the ASHRAE standard, and which is further easier to handle.
When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure comprises 62.0 mass % or more of HFO-1132(E), it becomes superior with a coefficient of performance of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, the polymerization reaction of HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1123 is further suppressed, and the stability is further improved. When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure comprises 45.1 mass % or more of HFO-1132(E), it becomes superior with a coefficient of performance of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, the polymerization reaction of HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1123 is further suppressed, and the stability is further improved.
The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.75 mass % or more, and more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.
Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.

Examples of Refrigerant B

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant B. However, the refrigerant B is not limited to the Examples.
Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 37 and 38.
The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in International Publication No. 2015/141678). The refrigerating capacity of compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.
Evaporating temperature: 5° C.
Condensation temperature: 45° C.
Superheating temperature: 5 K
Subcooling temperature: 5 K
Compressor efficiency: 70%
The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using NIST Standard Reference Data Base Refleak Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.
Tables 1 and 2 show GWP, COP, and refrigerating capacity, which were calculated based on these results. The COP and refrigerating capacity are ratios relative to R410A.
The coefficient of performance (COP) was determined by the following formula.
COP=(refrigerating capacity or heating capacity)/power consumption
For the flammability, the burning velocity was measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Both WCF and WCFF having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be “Class 2L (lower flammability).”
A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.

TABLE 37

		Comparative	Comparative
		Example 1	Example 2	Comparative	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-	Comparative
Item	Unit	R410A	HFO-1132E	Example 3	ple 1	ple 2	ple 3	ple 4	ple 5	Example 4

HFO-1132E	mass %	—	100	80	72	70	68	65	62	60
(WCF)
HFO-1123	mass %		0	20	28	30	32	35	38	40
(WCF)
GWP	—	2088	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
COP ratio	% (relative	100	99.7	97.5	96.6	96.3	96.1	95.8	95.4	95.2
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	100	98.3	101.9	103.1	103.4	103.8	104.1	104.5	104.8
capacity ratio	to R410A)
Discharge	Mpa	2.73	2.71	2.89	2.96	2.98	3.00	3.02	3.04	3.06
pressure
Burning	cm/sec	Non-	20	13	10	9	9	8	8 or	8 or
velocity		flammable							less	less
(WCF)

TABLE 38

		Comparative	Comparative
Item	Unit	Example 5	Example 6	Example 7	Example 8	Example 9

HFO-1132E	mass %	50	48	47.1	46.1	45.1
(WCF)
HFO-1123	mass %	50	52	52.9	53.9	54.9
(WCF)
GWP	—	1	1	1	1	1
COP ratio	% (relative	94.1	93.9	93.8	93.7	93.6
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	105.9	106.1	106.2	106.3	106.4
capacity ratio	to R410A)
Discharge	Mpa	3.14	3.16	3.16	3.17	3.18
pressure

Leakage test	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/
conditions (WCFF)	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°
	C., 92%	C., 92%	C., 92%	C., 92%	C., 92%
	release,	release,	release,	release,	release,
	liquid	liquid	liquid	liquid	liquid
	phase side	phase side	phase side	phase side	phase side

HFO-1132E	mass %	74	73	72	71	70
(WCFF)
HFO-1123	mass %	26	27	28	29	30
(WCFF)
Burning	cm/sec	8 or less	8 or less	8 or less	8 or less	8 or less
velocity
(WCF)
Burning	cm/sec	11	10.5	10.0	9.5	9.5
velocity
(WCFF)

ASHRAE flammability	2	2	2L	2L	2L
classification

					Comparative
		Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Example 10
Item	Unit	Example 7	Example 8	Example 9	HFO-1123

HFO-1132E	mass %	43	40	25	0
(WCF)
HFO-1123	mass %	57	60	75	100
(WCF)
GWP	—	1	1	1	1
COP ratio	% (relative	93.4	93.1	91.9	90.6
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	106.6	106.9	107.9	108.0
capacity ratio	to R410A)
Discharge	Mpa	3.20	3.21	3.31	3.39
pressure

Leakage test	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/	—
conditions (WCFF)	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°
	C., 92%	C., 92%	C., 90%
	release,	release,	release,
	liquid	liquid	liquid
	phase side	phase side	phase side

HFO-1132E	mass %	67	63	38	—
(WCFF)
HFO-1123	mass %	33	37	62
(WCFF)
Burning	cm/sec	8 or less	8 or less	8 or less	5
velocity
(WCF)
Burning	cm/sec	8.5	8 or less	8 or less
velocity
(WCFF)

ASHRAE flammability	2L	2L	2L	2L
classification

The compositions each comprising 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire composition are stable while having a low GWP (GWP=1), and they ensure WCF lower flammability. Further, surprisingly, they can ensure performance equivalent to that of R410A. Moreover, compositions each comprising 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire composition are stable while having a low GWP (GWP=1), and they ensure WCFF lower flammability. Further, surprisingly, they can ensure performance equivalent to that of R410A.

(5-3) Refrigerant C

The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure is a composition comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32), and satisfies the following requirements. The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an alternative refrigerant for R410A; i.e. it has a coefficient of performance and a refrigerating capacity that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.

Requirements

Preferable refrigerant C is as follows:
When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD′, D′C, and CG that connect the following 6 points:
point G (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0),
point I (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0),
point A (0.0134a²−1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, −0.0134a²+0.9681a+31.4),
point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3),
point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6), and
point C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),
or on the straight lines GI, AB, and D′C (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, point D′, and point C);

- if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
  point G (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0),
  point I (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895),
  point A (0.0112a²−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a²+0.9337a+31.516),
  point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801) and
  point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
  or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
- if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
  point G (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0),
  point I (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273),
  point A (0.0107a²−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a²+0.9142a+31.695),
  point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682) and
  point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
  or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
- if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
  point G (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0),
  point I (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014),
  point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207),
  point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714) and
  point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
  or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); and
- if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
  point G (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098, 0.0),
  point I (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098),
  point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9),
  point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05) and
  point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
  or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W). When the refrigerant according to the present disclosure satisfies the above requirements, it has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and further ensures a WCF lower flammability.

The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
- if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BD′, D′C, and CJ that connect the following 5 points:
  point J (0.0049a²−0.9645a+47.1, −0.0049a²−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0),
  point K′ (0.0514a²−2.4353a+61.7, −0.0323a²+0.4122a+5.9, −0.0191a²+1.0231a+32.4),
  point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3),
  point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6), and
  point C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),
  or on the straight lines JK′, K′B, and D′C (excluding point J, point B, point D′, and point C);
- if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:
  point J (0.0243a²−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a²+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0),
  point K′ (0.0341a²−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a²+0.34a+5.636, −0.0105a²+0.8577a+33.177),
  point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801) and
  point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
  or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);
- if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:
  point J (0.0246a²−1.4476a+50.184, −0.0246a²+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0),
  point K′ (0.0196a²−1.7863a+58.515, −0.0079a²−0.1136a+8.702, −0.0117a²+0.8999a+32.783),
  point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682) and point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
  or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);
- if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:
  point J (0.0183a²−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a²+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0),
  point K′ (−0.0051a²+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a²−1.0929a+74.05),
  point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207),
  point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714) and
  point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
  or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W); and
- if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:
  point J (−0.0134a²+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a²−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0),
  point K′ (−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557),
  point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9),
  point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05) and
  point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
  or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W). When the refrigerant according to the present disclosure satisfies the above requirements, it has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A. Additionally, the refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability and a WCFF lower flammability, and is classified as “Class 2L,” which is a lower flammable refrigerant according to the ASHRAE standard.

When the refrigerant C according to the present disclosure further contains R32 in addition to HFO-1132 (E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, the refrigerant may be a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,

- if 0<a≤10.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4 points:
  point a (0.02a²−2.46a+93.4, 0, −0.02a²+2.46a+6.6),
  point b′ (−0.008a²−1.38a+56, 0.018a²−0.53a+26.3, −0.01a²+1.91a+17.7),
  point c (−0.016a²+1.02a+77.6, 0.016a²−1.02a+22.4, 0), and
  point o (100.0−a, 0.0, 0.0)
  or on the straight lines oa, ab′, and b′c (excluding point o and point c);
- if 10.0<a≤16.5, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4 points:
  point a (0.0244a²−2.5695a+94.056, 0, −0.0244a²+2.5695a+5.944),
  point b′ (0.1161a²−1.9959a+59.749, 0.014a²−0.3399a+24.8, −0.1301a²+2.3358a+15.451),
  point c (−0.0161a²+1.02a+77.6, 0.0161a²−1.02a+22.4, 0), and
  point o (100.0−a, 0.0, 0.0),
  or on the straight lines oa, ab′, and b′c (excluding point o and point c); or
- if 16.5<a≤21.8, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4 points:
  point a (0.0161a²−2.3535a+92.742, 0, −0.0161a²+2.3535a+7.258),
  point b′ (−0.0435a²−0.0435a+50.406, 0.0304a²+1.8991a−0.0661, 0.0739a²−1.8556a+49.6601),
  point c (−0.0161a²+0.9959a+77.851, 0.0161a²−0.9959a+22.149, 0), and
  point o (100.0−a, 0.0, 0.0),
  or on the straight lines oa, ab′, and b′c (excluding point o and point c). Note that when point b in the ternary composition diagram is defined as a point where a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A and a COP ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A are both achieved, point b′ is the intersection of straight line ab and an approximate line formed by connecting the points where the COP ratio relative to that of R410A is 95%. When the refrigerant according to the present disclosure meets the above requirements, the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A.

The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.
The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure may comprise HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, 99.75 mass % or more, or 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.
Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can be widely selected. The mixed refrigerant may contain one additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.

Examples of Refrigerant C

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant C. However, the refrigerant C is not limited to the Examples.
Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 39 to 96.
The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in International Publication No. 2015/141678). The refrigerating capacity of compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of IFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.
For each of these mixed refrigerants, the COP ratio and the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to those of R410 were obtained. Calculation was conducted under the following conditions.
Evaporating temperature: 5° C.
Condensation temperature: 45° C.
Superheating temperature: 5 K
Subcooling temperature: 5 K
Compressor efficiency: 70%
Tables 39 to 96 show the resulting values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant. The COP and refrigerating capacity are ratios relative to R410A.
The coefficient of performance (COP) was determined by the following formula.
COP=(refrigerating capacity or heating capacity)/power consumption

TABLE 39

			Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Ex.
		Comp. Ex.	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	1
Item	Unit	1	A	B	C	D′	G	I	J	K′

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	R410A	68.6	0.0	32.9	0.0	72.0	72.0	47.1	61.7
HFO-1123	Mass %		0.0	58.7	67.1	75.4	28.0	0.0	52.9	5.9
R1234yf	Mass %		31.4	41.3	0.0	24.6	0.0	28.0	0.0	32.4
R32	Mass %		0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GWP	—	2088	2	2	1	2	1	2	1	2
COP ratio	% (relative	100	100.0	95.5	92.5	93.1	96.6	99.9	93.8	99.4
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	100	85.0	85.0	107.4	95.0	103.1	86.6	106.2	85.5
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 40

		Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.
		Ex. 9	Ex. 10	Ex. 11	Ex. 12	Ex. 13	Ex. 14	Ex. 15	Ex. 2
Item	Unit	A	B	C	D′	G	I	J	K′

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	55.3	0.0	18.4	0.0	60.9	60.9	40.5	47.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	0.0	47.8	74.5	83.4	32.0	0.0	52.4	7.2
R1234yf	Mass %	37.6	45.1	0.0	9.5	0.0	32.0	0.0	38.7
R32	Mass %	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1
GWP	—	50	50	49	49	49	50	49	50
COP ratio	% (relative	99.8	96.9	92.5	92.5	95.9	99.6	94.0	99.2
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	85.0	85.0	110.5	106.0	106.5	87.7	108.9	85.5
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 41

		Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Ex.
		16	17	18	19	20	21	3
Item	Unit	A	B	C = D′	G	I	J	K′

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	48.4	0.0	0.0	55.8	55.8	37.0	41.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	0.0	42.3	88.9	33.1	0.0	51.9	6.5
R1234yf	Mass %	40.5	46.6	0.0	0.0	33.1	0.0	41.4
R32	Mass %	11.1	11.1	11.1	11.1	11.1	11.1	11.1
GWP	—	77	77	76	76	77	76	77
COP ratio	% (relative	99.8	97.6	92.5	95.8	99.5	94.2	99.3
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	85.0	85.0	112.0	108.0	88.6	110.2	85.4
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 42

		Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Ex.
		22	23	24	25	26	4
Item	Unit	A	B	G	I	J	K′

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	42.8	0.0	52.1	52.1	34.3	36.5
HFO-1123	Mass %	0.0	37.8	33.4	0.0	51.2	5.6
R1234yf	Mass %	42.7	47.7	0.0	33.4	0.0	43.4
R32	Mass %	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5
GWP	—	100	100	99	100	99	100
COP ratio	% (relative	99.9	98.1	95.8	99.5	94.4	99.5
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	85.0	85.0	109.1	89.6	111.1	85.3
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 43

		Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Ex.
		27	28	29	30	31	5
Item	Unit	A	B	G	I	J	K′

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	37.0	0.0	48.6	48.6	32.0	32.5
HFO-1123	Mass %	0.0	33.1	33.2	0.0	49.8	4.0
R1234yf	Mass %	44.8	48.7	0.0	33.2	0.0	45.3
R32	Mass %	18.2	18.2	18.2	18.2	18.2	18.2
GWP	—	125	125	124	125	124	125
COP ratio	% (relative	100.0	98.6	95.9	99.4	94.7	99.8
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	85.0	85.0	110.1	90.8	111.9	85.2
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 44

		Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Ex.
		32	33	34	35	36	6
Item	Unit	A	B	G	I	J	K′

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	31.5	0.0	45.4	45.4	30.3	28.8
HFO-1123	Mass %	0.0	28.5	32.7	0.0	47.8	2.4
R1234yf	Mass %	46.6	49.6	0.0	32.7	0.0	46.9
R32	Mass %	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9
GWP	—	150	150	149	150	149	150
COP ratio	% (relative	100.2	99.1	96.0	99.4	95.1	100.0
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	85.0	85.0	111.0	92.1	112.6	85.1
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 45

		Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.
		37	38	39	40	41	42
Item	Unit	A	B	G	I	J	K′

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	24.8	0.0	41.8	41.8	29.1	24.8
HFO-1123	Mass %	0.0	22.9	31.5	0.0	44.2	0.0
R1234yf	Mass %	48.5	50.4	0.0	31.5	0.0	48.5
R32	Mass %	26.7	26.7	26.7	26.7	26.7	26.7
GWP	—	182	182	181	182	181	182
COP ratio	% (relative	100.4	99.8	96.3	99.4	95.6	100.4
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	85.0	85.0	111.9	93.8	113.2	85.0
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 46

		Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.
		43	44	45	46	47	48
Item	Unit	A	B	G	I	J	K′

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	21.3	0.0	40.0	40.0	28.8	24.3
HFO-1123	Mass %	0.0	19.9	30.7	0.0	41.9	0.0
R1234yf	Mass %	49.4	50.8	0.0	30.7	0.0	46.4
R32	Mass %	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3
GWP	—	200	200	198	199	198	200
COP ratio	% (relative	100.6	100.1	96.6	99.5	96.1	100.4
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	85.0	85.0	112.4	94.8	113.6	86.7
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 47

		Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.
		49	50	51	52	53	54
Item	Unit	A	B	G	I	J	K′

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	12.1	0.0	35.7	35.7	29.3	22.5
HFO-1123	Mass %	0.0	11.7	27.6	0.0	34.0	0.0
R1234yf	Mass %	51.2	51.6	0.0	27.6	0.0	40.8
R32	Mass %	36.7	36.7	36.7	36.7	36.7	36.7
GWP	—	250	250	248	249	248	250
COP ratio	% (relative	101.2	101.0	96.4	99.6	97.0	100.4
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	85.0	85.0	113.2	97.6	113.9	90.9
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 48

		Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.
		55	56	57	58	59	60
Item	Unit	A	B	G	I	J	K′

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	3.8	0.0	32.0	32.0	29.4	21.1
HFO-1123	Mass %	0.0	3.9	23.9	0.0	26.5	0.0
R1234yf	Mass %	52.1	52.0	0.0	23.9	0.0	34.8
R32	Mass %	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1
GWP	—	300	300	298	299	298	299
COP ratio	% (relative	101.8	101.8	97.9	99.8	97.8	100.5
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	85.0	85.0	113.7	100.4	113.9	94.9
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 49

		Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.
		61	62	63	64	65
Item	Unit	A = B	G	I	J	K′

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	0.0	30.4	30.4	28.9	20.4
HFO-1123	Mass %	0.0	21.8	0.0	23.3	0.0
R1234yf	Mass %	52.2	0.0	21.8	0.0	31.8
R32	Mass %	47.8	47.8	47.8	47.8	47.8
GWP	—	325	323	324	323	324
COP ratio	% (relative	102.1	98.2	100.0	98.2	100.6
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	85.0	113.8	101.8	113.9	96.8
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 50

		Comp. Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	66	7	8	9	10	11	12	13

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	5.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	82.9	77.9	72.9	67.9	62.9	57.9	52.9	47.9
R1234yf	Mass %	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0
R32	Mass %	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1
GWP	—	49	49	49	49	49	49	49	49
COP ratio	% (relative	92.4	92.6	92.8	93.1	93.4	93.7	94.1	94.5
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	108.4	108.3	108.2	107.9	107.6	107.2	106.8	106.3
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 51

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	14	15	16	17	67	18	19	20

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	45.0	50.0	55.0	60.0	65.0	10.0	15.0	20.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	42.9	37.9	32.9	27.9	22.9	72.9	67.9	62.9
R1234yf	Mass %	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	10.0	10.0	10.0
R32	Mass %	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1
GWP	—	49	49	49	49	49	49	49	49
COP ratio	% (relative	95.0	95.4	95.9	96.4	96.9	93.0	93.3	93.6
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	105.8	105.2	104.5	103.9	103.1	105.7	105.5	105.2
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 52

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0	45.0	50.0	55.0	60.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	57.9	52.9	47.9	42.9	37.9	32.9	27.9	22.9
R1234yf	Mass %	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0
R32	Mass %	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1
GWP	—	49	49	49	49	49	49	49	49
COP ratio	% (relative	93.9	94.2	94.6	95.0	95.5	96.0	96.4	96.9
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	104.9	104.5	104.1	103.6	103.0	102.4	101.7	101.0
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 53

		Comp. Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	68	29	30	31	32	33	34	35

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	65.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	17.9	67.9	62.9	57.9	52.9	47.9	42.9	37.9
R1234yf	Mass %	10.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0
R32	Mass %	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1
GWP	—	49	49	49	49	49	49	49	49
COP ratio	% (relative	97.4	93.5	93.8	94.1	94.4	94.8	95.2	95.6
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	100.3	102.9	102.7	102.5	102.1	101.7	101.2	100.7
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 54

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	36	37	38	39	69	40	41	42

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	45.0	50.0	55.0	60.0	65.0	10.0	15.0	20.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	32.9	27.9	22.9	17.9	12.9	62.9	57.9	52.9
R1234yf	Mass %	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	20.0	20.0	20.0
R32	Mass %	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1
GWP	—	49	49	49	49	49	49	49	49
COP ratio	% (relative	96.0	96.5	97.0	97.5	98.0	94.0	94.3	94.6
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	100.1	99.5	98.9	98.1	97.4	100.1	99.9	99.6
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 55

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	43	44	45	46	47	48	49	50

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0	45.0	50.0	55.0	60.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	47.9	42.9	37.9	32.9	27.9	22.9	17.9	12.9
R1234yf	Mass %	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0
R32	Mass %	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1
GWP	—	49	49	49	49	49	49	49	49
COP ratio	% (relative	95.0	95.3	95.7	96.2	96.6	97.1	97.6	98.1
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	99.2	98.8	98.3	97.8	97.2	96.6	95.9	95.2
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 56

		Comp. Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit		70	51	52	53	54	55	56	57

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	65.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	7.9	57.9	52.9	47.9	42.9	37.9	32.9	27.9
R1234yf	Mass %	20.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0
R32	Mass %	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1
GWP	—	49	50	50	50	50	50	50	50
COP ratio	% (relative	98.6	94.6	94.9	95.2	95.5	95.9	96.3	96.8
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	94.4	97.1	96.9	96.7	96.3	95.9	95.4	94.8
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 57

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	58	59	60	61	71	62	63	64

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	45.0	50.0	55.0	60.0	65.0	10.0	15.0	20.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1
R1234yf	Mass %	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	30.0	30.0	30.0
R32	Mass %	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1
GWP	—	50	50	50	50	50	50	50	50
COP ratio	% (relative	97.2	97.7	98.2	98.7	99.2	95.2	95.5	95.8
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	94.2	93.6	92.9	92.2	91.4	94.2	93.9	93.7
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 58

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit		65	66	67	68	69	70	71	72

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0	45.0	50.0	55.0	60.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	37.9	32.9	27.9	22.9	17.9	12.9	7.9	2.9
R1234yf	Mass %	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0
R32	Mass %	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1
GWP	—	50	50	50	50	50	50	50	50
COP ratio	% (relative	96.2	96.6	97.0	97.4	97.9	98.3	98.8	99.3
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	93.3	92.9	92.4	91.8	91.2	90.5	89.8	89.1
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 59

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	73	74	75	76	77	78	79	80

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0	45.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	47.9	42.9	37.9	32.9	27.9	22.9	17.9	12.9
R1234yf	Mass %	35.0	35.0	35.0	35.0	35.0	35.0	35.0	35.0
R32	Mass %	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1
GWP	—	50	50	50	50	50	50	50	50
COP ratio	% (relative	95.9	96.2	96.5	96.9	97.2	97.7	98.1	98.5
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	91.1	90.9	90.6	90.2	89.8	89.3	88.7	88.1
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 60

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	81	82	83	84	85	86	87	88

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	50.0	55.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	7.9	2.9	42.9	37.9	32.9	27.9	22.9	17.9
R1234yf	Mass %	35.0	35.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0
R32	Mass %	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1
GWP	—	50	50	50	50	50	50	50	50
COP ratio	% (relative	99.0	99.4	96.6	96.9	97.2	97.6	98.0	98.4
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	87.4	86.7	88.0	87.8	87.5	87.1	86.6	86.1
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 61

		Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.
Item	Unit	72	73	74	75	76	77	78	79

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	40.0	45.0	50.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	12.9	7.9	2.9	37.9	32.9	27.9	22.9	17.9
R1234yf	Mass %	40.0	40.0	40.0	45.0	45.0	45.0	45.0	45.0
R32	Mass %	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1
GWP	—	50	50	50	50	50	50	50	50
COP ratio	% (relative	98.8	99.2	99.6	97.4	97.7	98.0	98.3	98.7
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	85.5	84.9	84.2	84.9	84.6	84.3	83.9	83.5
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 62

		Comp.	Comp.	Comp.
Item	Unit	Ex. 80	Ex. 81	Ex. 82

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	35.0	40.0	45.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	12.9	7.9	2.9
R1234yf	Mass %	45.0	45.0	45.0
R32	Mass %	7.1	7.1	7.1
GWP	—	50	50	50
COP ratio	% (relative	99.1	99.5	99.9
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	82.9	82.3	81.7
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 63

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit		89	90	91	92	93	94	95	96

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0	45.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	70.5	65.5	60.5	55.5	50.5	45.5	40.5	35.5
R1234yf	Mass %	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0
R32	Mass %	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5
GWP	—	99	99	99	99	99	99	99	99
COP ratio	% (relative	93.7	93.9	94.1	94.4	94.7	95.0	95.4	95.8
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	110.2	110.0	109.7	109.3	108.9	108.4	107.9	107.3
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 64

		Ex.	Comp.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	97	Ex. 83	98	99	100	101	102	103

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	50.0	55.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	30.5	25.5	65.5	60.5	55.5	50.5	45.5	40.5
R1234yf	Mass %	5.0	5.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0
R32	Mass %	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5
GWP	—	99	99	99	99	99	99	99	99
COP ratio	% (relative	96.2	96.6	94.2	94.4	94.6	94.9	95.2	95.5
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	106.6	106.0	107.5	107.3	107.0	106.6	106.1	105.6
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 65

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	104	105	106	84	107	108	109	110

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	40.0	45.0	50.0	55.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	35.5	30.5	25.5	20.5	60.5	55.5	50.5	45.5
R1234yf	Mass %	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0
R32	Mass %	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5
GWP	—	99	99	99	99	99	99	99	99
COP ratio	% (relative	95.9	96.3	96.7	97.1	94.6	94.8	95.1	95.4
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	105.1	104.5	103.8	103.1	104.7	104.5	104.1	103.7
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 66

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	111	112	113	114	115	85	116	117

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	30.0	35.0	40.0	45.0	50.0	55.0	10.0	15.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	40.5	35.5	30.5	25.5	20.5	15.5	55.5	50.5
R1234yf	Mass %	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	20.0	20.0
R32	Mass %	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5
GWP	—	99	99	99	99	99	99	99	99
COP ratio	% (relative	95.7	96.0	96.4	96.8	97.2	97.6	95.1	95.3
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	103.3	102.8	102.2	101.6	101.0	100.3	101.8	101.6
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 67

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Comp. Ex.
Item	Unit	118	119	120	121	122	123	124	86

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0	45.0	50.0	55.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	45.5	40.5	35.5	30.5	25.5	20.5	15.5	10.5
R1234yf	Mass %	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0
R32	Mass %	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5
GWP	—	99	99	99	99	99	99	99	99
COP ratio	% (relative	95.6	95.9	96.2	96.5	96.9	97.3	97.7	98.2
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	101.2	100.8	100.4	99.9	99.3	98.7	98.0	97.3
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 68

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit		125	126	127	128	129	130	131	132

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0	45.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	50.5	45.5	40.5	35.5	30.5	25.5	20.5	15.5
R1234yf	Mass %	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0
R32	Mass %	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5
GWP	—	99	99	99	99	99	99	99	99
COP ratio	% (relative	95.6	95.9	96.1	96.4	96.7	97.1	97.5	97.9
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	98.9	98.6	98.3	97.9	97.4	96.9	96.3	95.7
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 69

		Ex.	Comp.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	133	Ex. 87	134	135	136	137	138	139

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	50.0	55.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	10.5	5.5	45.5	40.5	35.5	30.5	25.5	20.5
R1234yf	Mass %	25.0	25.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0
R32	Mass %	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5
GWP	—	99	99	100	100	100	100	100	100
COP ratio	% (relative	98.3	98.7	96.2	96.4	96.7	97.0	97.3	97.7
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	95.0	94.3	95.8	95.6	95.2	94.8	94.4	93.8
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 70

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	140	141	142	143	144	145	146	147

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	40.0	45.0	50.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	15.5	10.5	5.5	40.5	35.5	30.5	25.5	20.5
R1234yf	Mass %	30.0	30.0	30.0	35.0	35.0	35.0	35.0	35.0
R32	Mass %	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5
GWP	—	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
COP ratio	% (relative	98.1	98.5	98.9	96.8	97.0	97.3	97.6	97.9
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	93.3	92.6	92.0	92.8	92.5	92.2	91.8	91.3
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 71

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	148	149	150	151	152	153	154	155

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	35.0	40.0	45.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	15.5	10.5	5.5	35.5	30.5	25.5	20.5	15.5
R1234yf	Mass %	35.0	35.0	35.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0
R32	Mass %	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5
GWP	—	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
COP ratio	% (relative	98.3	98.7	99.1	97.4	97.7	98.0	98.3	98.6
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	90.8	90.2	89.6	89.6	89.4	89.0	88.6	88.2
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 72

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.
Item	Unit	156	157	158	159	160	88	89	90

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	35.0	40.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	10.5	5.5	30.5	25.5	20.5	15.5	10.5	5.5
R1234yf	Mass %	40.0	40.0	45.0	45.0	45.0	45.0	45.0	45.0
R32	Mass %	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5
GWP	—	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
COP ratio	% (relative	98.9	99.3	98.1	98.4	98.7	98.9	99.3	99.6
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	87.6	87.1	86.5	86.2	85.9	85.5	85.0	84.5
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 73

		Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Comp. Ex.
Item	Unit	91	92	93	94	95

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	25.5	20.5	15.5	10.5	5.5
R1234yf	Mass %	50.0	50.0	50.0	50.0	50.0
R32	Mass %	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.5
GWP	—	100	100	100	100	100
COP ratio	% (relative	98.9	99.1	99.4	99.7	100.0
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	83.3	83.0	82.7	82.2	81.8
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 74

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	161	162	163	164	165	166	167	168

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0	45.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	63.1	58.1	53.1	48.1	43.1	38.1	33.1	28.1
R1234yf	Mass %	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0
R32	Mass %	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9
GWP	—	149	149	149	149	149	149	149	149
COP ratio	% (relative	94.8	95.0	95.2	95.4	95.7	95.9	96.2	96.6
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	111.5	111.2	110.9	110.5	110.0	109.5	108.9	108.3
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 75

		Comp. Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	96	169	170	171	172	173	174	175

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	50.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	23.1	58.1	53.1	48.1	43.1	38.1	33.1	28.1
R1234yf	Mass %	5.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0
R32	Mass %	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9
GWP	—	149	149	149	149	149	149	149	149
COP ratio	% (relative	96.9	95.3	95.4	95.6	95.8	96.1	96.4	96.7
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	107.7	108.7	108.5	108.1	107.7	107.2	106.7	106.1
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 76

		Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	176	97	177	178	179	180	181	182

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	45.0	50.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	23.1	18.1	53.1	48.1	43.1	38.1	33.1	28.1
R1234yf	Mass %	10.0	10.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0
R32	Mass %	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9
GWP	—	149	149	149	149	149	149	149	149
COP ratio	% (relative	97.0	97.4	95.7	95.9	96.1	96.3	96.6	96.9
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	105.5	104.9	105.9	105.6	105.3	104.8	104.4	103.8
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 77

		Ex.	Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	183	184	98	185	186	187	188	189

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	40.0	45.0	50.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	23.1	18.1	13.1	48.1	43.1	38.1	33.1	28.1
R1234yf	Mass %	15.0	15.0	15.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0
R32	Mass %	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9
GWP	—	149	149	149	149	149	149	149	149
COP ratio	% (relative	97.2	97.5	97.9	96.1	96.3	96.5	96.8	97.1
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	103.3	102.6	102.0	103.0	102.7	102.3	101.9	101.4
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 78

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	190	191	192	99	193	194	195	196

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	35.0	40.0	45.0	50.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	23.1	18.1	13.1	8.1	43.1	38.1	33.1	28.1
R1234yf	Mass %	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0
R32	Mass %	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9
GWP	—	149	149	149	149	149	149	149	149
COP ratio	% (relative	97.4	97.7	98.0	98.4	96.6	96.8	97.0	97.3
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	100.9	100.3	99.7	99.1	100.0	99.7	99.4	98.9
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 79

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	197	198	199	200	100	201	202	203

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	30.0	35.0	40.0	45.0	50.0	10.0	15.0	20.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	23.1	18.1	13.1	8.1	3.1	38.1	33.1	28.1
R1234yf	Mass %	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	30.0	30.0	30.0
R32	Mass %	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9
GWP	—	149	149	149	149	149	150	150	150
COP ratio	% (relative	97.6	97.9	98.2	98.5	98.9	97.1	97.3	97.6
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	98.5	97.9	97.4	96.8	96.1	97.0	96.7	96.3
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 80

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	204	205	206	207	208	209	210	211

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0	45.0	10.0	15.0	20.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	23.1	18.1	13.1	8.1	3.1	33.1	28.1	23.1
R1234yf	Mass %	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	35.0	35.0	35.0
R32	Mass %	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9
GWP	—	150	150	150	150	150	150	150	150
COP ratio	% (relative	97.8	98.1	98.4	98.7	99.1	97.7	97.9	98.1
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	95.9	95.4	94.9	94.4	93.8	93.9	93.6	93.3
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 81

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	212	213	214	215	216	217	218	219

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	18.1	13.1	8.1	3.1	28.1	23.1	18.1	13.1
R1234yf	Mass %	35.0	35.0	35.0	35.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0
R32	Mass %	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9
GWP	—	150	150	150	150	150	150	150	150
COP ratio	% (relative	98.4	98.7	99.0	99.3	98.3	98.5	98.7	99.0
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	92.9	92.4	91.9	91.3	90.8	90.5	90.2	89.7
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 82

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Comp. Ex.
Item	Unit	220	221	222	223	224	225	226	101

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	30.0	35.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	10.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	8.1	3.1	23.1	18.1	13.1	8.1	3.1	18.1
R1234yf	Mass %	40.0	40.0	45.0	45.0	45.0	45.0	45.0	50.0
R32	Mass %	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9
GWP	—	150	150	150	150	150	150	150	150
COP ratio	% (relative	99.3	99.6	98.9	99.1	99.3	99.6	99.9	99.6
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	89.3	88.8	87.6	87.3	87.0	86.6	86.2	84.4
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 83

		Comp.	Comp.	Comp.
Item	Unit	Ex. 102	Ex. 103	Ex. 104

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	15.0	20.0	25.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	13.1	8.1	3.1
R1234yf	Mass %	50.0	50.0	50.0
R32	Mass %	21.9	21.9	21.9
GWP	—	150	150	150
COP ratio	% (relative	99.8	100.0	100.2
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	84.1	83.8	83.4
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 84

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Comp. Ex.
Item	Unit	227	228	229	230	231	232	233	105

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0	45.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	55.7	50.7	45.7	40.7	35.7	30.7	25.7	20.7
R1234yf	Mass %	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0
R32	Mass %	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3
GWP	—	199	199	199	199	199	199	199	199
COP ratio	% (relative	95.9	96.0	96.2	96.3	96.6	96.8	97.1	97.3
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	112.2	111.9	111.6	111.2	110.7	110.2	109.6	109.0
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 85

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Comp. Ex.
Item	Unit	234	235	236	237	238	239	240	106

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0	45.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	50.7	45.7	40.7	35.7	30.7	25.7	20.7	15.7
R1234yf	Mass %	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0
R32	Mass %	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3
GWP	—	199	199	199	199	199	199	199	199
COP ratio	% (relative	96.3	96.4	96.6	96.8	97.0	97.2	97.5	97.8
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	109.4	109.2	108.8	108.4	107.9	107.4	106.8	106.2
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 86

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Comp. Ex.
Item	Unit	241	242	243	244	245	246	247	107

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0	45.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	45.7	40.7	35.7	30.7	25.7	20.7	15.7	10.7
R1234yf	Mass %	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0
R32	Mass %	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3
GWP	—	199	199	199	199	199	199	199	199
COP ratio	% (relative	96.7	96.8	97.0	97.2	97.4	97.7	97.9	98.2
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	106.6	106.3	106.0	105.5	105.1	104.5	104.0	103.4
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 87

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Comp. Ex.
Item	Unit	248	249	250	251	252	253	254	108

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0	45.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	40.7	35.7	30.7	25.7	20.7	15.7	10.7	5.7
R1234yf	Mass %	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0
R32	Mass %	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3
GWP	—	199	199	199	199	199	199	199	199
COP ratio	% (relative	97.1	97.3	97.5	97.7	97.9	98.1	98.4	98.7
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	103.7	103.4	103.0	102.6	102.2	101.6	101.1	100.5
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 88

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	255	256	257	258	259	260	261	262

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0	10.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	35.7	30.7	25.7	20.7	15.7	10.7	5.7	30.7
R1234yf	Mass %	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	30.0
R32	Mass %	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3
GWP	—	199	199	199	199	199	199	199	199
COP ratio	% (relative	97.6	97.7	97.9	98.1	98.4	98.6	98.9	98.1
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	100.7	100.4	100.1	99.7	99.2	98.7	98.2	97.7
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 89

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	263	264	265	266	267	268	269	270

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0	10.0	15.0	20.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	25.7	20.7	15.7	10.7	5.7	25.7	20.7	15.7
R1234yf	Mass %	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	35.0	35.0	35.0
R32	Mass %	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3
GWP	—	199	199	199	199	199	200	200	200
COP ratio	% (relative	98.2	98.4	98.6	98.9	99.1	98.6	98.7	98.9
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	97.4	97.1	96.7	96.2	95.7	94.7	94.4	94.0
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 90

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	271	272	273	274	275	276	277	278

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	25.0	30.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	10.0	15.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	10.7	5.7	20.7	15.7	10.7	5.7	15.7	10.7
R1234yf	Mass %	35.0	35.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	45.0	45.0
R32	Mass %	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3
GWP	—	200	200	200	200	200	200	200	200
COP ratio	% (relative	99.2	99.4	99.1	99.3	99.5	99.7	99.7	99.8
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	93.6	93.2	91.5	91.3	90.9	90.6	88.4	88.1
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 91

				Comp.	Comp.
Item	Unit	Ex. 279	Ex. 280	Ex. 109	Ex. 110

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	20.0	10.0	15.0	10.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	5.7	10.7	5.7	5.7
R1234yf	Mass %	45.0	50.0	50.0	55.0
R32	Mass %	29.3	29.3	29.3	29.3
GWP	—	200	200	200	200
COP ratio	% (relative	100.0	100.3	100.4	100.9
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	87.8	85.2	85.0	82.0
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 92

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	281	282	283	284	285	111	286	287

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0	10.0	15.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	40.9	35.9	30.9	25.9	20.9	15.9	35.9	30.9
R1234yf	Mass %	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	10.0	10.0
R32	Mass %	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1
GWP	—	298	298	298	298	298	298	299	299
COP ratio	% (relative	97.8	97.9	97.9	98.1	98.2	98.4	98.2	98.2
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	112.5	112.3	111.9	111.6	111.2	110.7	109.8	109.5
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 93

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	288	289	290	112	291	292	293	294

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	25.9	20.9	15.9	10.9	30.9	25.9	20.9	15.9
R1234yf	Mass %	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0
R32	Mass %	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1
GWP	—	299	299	299	299	299	299	299	299
COP ratio	% (relative	98.3	98.5	98.6	98.8	98.6	98.6	98.7	98.9
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	109.2	108.8	108.4	108.0	107.0	106.7	106.4	106.0
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 94

		Ex.	Comp. Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	295	113	296	297	298	299	300	301

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	30.0	35.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	10.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	10.9	5.9	25.9	20.9	15.9	10.9	5.9	20.9
R1234yf	Mass %	15.0	15.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	25.0
R32	Mass %	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1
GWP	—	299	299	299	299	299	299	299	299
COP ratio	% (relative	99.0	99.2	99.0	99.0	99.2	99.3	99.4	99.4
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	105.6	105.2	104.1	103.9	103.6	103.2	102.8	101.2
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 95

		Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.	Ex.
Item	Unit	302	303	304	305	306	307	308	309

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	15.0	20.0	25.0	10.0	15.0	20.0	10.0	15.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	15.9	10.9	5.9	15.9	10.9	5.9	10.9	5.9
R1234yf	Mass %	25.0	25.0	25.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	35.0	35.0
R32	Mass %	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1	44.1
GWP	—	299	299	299	299	299	299	299	299
COP ratio	% (relative	99.5	99.6	99.7	99.8	99.9	100.0	100.3	100.4
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	101.0	100.7	100.3	98.3	98.0	97.8	95.3	95.1
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 96

	Item	Unit	Ex. 400

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	10.0
HFO-1123	Mass %	5.9
R1234yf	Mass %	40.0
R32	Mass %	44.1
GWP	—	299
COP ratio	% (relative	100.7
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	92.3
capacity ratio	to R410A)

The above results indicate that the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410A is 85% or more in the following cases:
When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), THFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x,y, z, and a, in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of THFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass %, a straight line connecting a point (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0−a) is the base, and the point (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0) is on the left side, if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0134a²−1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, −0.0134a²+0.9681a+31.4) and point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3);

- if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0112a²−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a²+0.9337a+31.516) and point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801);
- if 18.2a<a≤267, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0107a²−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a²+0.9142a+31.695) and point B (0.0, 0.009a²1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682);
- if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207) and point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714); and
- if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9) and point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05).

Actual points having a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more form a curved line that connects point A and point B in FIG. 3, and that extends toward the 1234yf side. Accordingly, when coordinates are on, or on the left side of, the straight line AB, the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410A is 85% or more.
Similarly, it was also found that in the ternary composition diagram, if 0<a≤11.1, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on, or on the left side of, a straight line D′C that connects point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6) and point C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0); or if 11.1<a≤46.7, when coordinates are in the entire region, the COP ratio relative to that of R410A is 92.5% or more.
In FIG. 3, the COP ratio of 92.5% or more forms a curved line CD. In FIG. 3, an approximate line formed by connecting three points: point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0) and points (26.6, 68.4, 5) (19.5, 70.5, 10) where the COP ratio is 92.5% when the concentration of R1234yf is 5 mass % and 10 mass was obtained, and a straight line that connects point C and point D′ (0, 75.4, 24.6), which is the intersection of the approximate line and a point where the concentration of HFO-1132(E) is 0.0 mass % was defined as a line segment D′C. In FIG. 4, point D′(0, 83.4, 9.5) was similarly obtained from an approximate curve formed by connecting point C (18.4, 74.5, 0) and points (13.9, 76.5, 2.5) (8.7, 79.2, 5) where the COP ratio is 92.5%, and a straight line that connects point C and point D′ was defined as the straight line D′C.
The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.
For the flammability, the burning velocity was measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Both WCF and WCFF having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be classified as “Class 2L (lower flammability).”
A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.
The results are shown in Tables 97 to 104.

TABLE 97

	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.
Item	Ex. 6	Ex. 13	Ex. 19	Ex. 24	Ex. 29	Ex. 34

WCF	HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	72.0	60.9	55.8	52.1	48.6	45.4
	HFO-1123	Mass %	28.0	32.0	33.1	33.4	33.2	32.7
	R1234yf	Mass %	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0
	R32	Mass %	0.0	7.1	11.1	14.5	18.2	21.9

Burning velocity (WCF)	cm/s	10	10	10	10	10	10

TABLE 98

	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.
Item	Ex. 39	Ex. 45	Ex. 51	Ex. 57	Ex. 62

WCF	HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	41.8	40	35.7	32	30.4
	HFO-1123	Mass %	31.5	30.7	23.6	23.9	21.8
	R1234yf	Mass %		0	0	0	0	0
	R32	Mass %	26.7	29.3	36.7	44.1	47.8

Burning velocity (WCF)	cm/s	10	10	10	10	10

TABLE 99

	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.
Item	Ex. 7	Ex. 14	Ex. 20	Ex. 25	Ex. 30	Ex. 35

WCF	HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	72.0	60.9	55.8	52.1	48.6	45.4
	HFO-1123	Mass %	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0
	R1234yf	Mass %	28.0	32.0	33.1	33.4	33.2	32.7
	R32	Mass %	0.0	7.1	11.1	14.5	18.2	21.9

Burning velocity (WCF)	cm/s	10	10	10	10	10	10

TABLE 100

	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.
Item	Ex. 40	Ex. 46	Ex. 52	Ex. 58	Ex. 63

WCF	HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	41.8	40	35.7	32	30.4
	HFO-1123	Mass %	0	0	0	0	0
	R1234yf	Mass %	31.5	30.7	23.6	23.9	21.8
	R32	Mass %	26.7	29.3	36.7	44.1	47.8

Burning velocity (WCF)	cm/s	10	10	10	10	10

TABLE 101

Item	Comp. Ex. 8	Comp. Ex. 15	Comp. Ex. 21	Comp. Ex. 26	Comp. Ex. 31	Comp. Ex. 36

WCF	HFO-1132 (E)	Mass %	47.1	40.5	37.0	34.3	32.0	30.3
	HFO-1123	Mass %	52.9	52.4	51.9	51.2	49.8	47.8
	R1234yf	Mass %	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
	R32	Mass %	0.0	7.1	11.1	14.5	18.2	21.9

Leak condition that	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/
results in WCFF	Shipping −40° C.,	Shipping −40° C.,	Shipping −40° C.,	Shipping −40° C.,	Shipping −40° C.,	Shipping −40° C.,

			92% release,	92% release,	92% release,	92% release,	92% release,	92% release,
			liquid phase	liquid phase	liquid phase	liquid phase	liquid phase	liquid phase
			side	side	side	side	side	side
WCFF	HFO-1132 (E)	Mass %	72.0	62.4	56.2	50.6	45.1	40.0
	HFO-1123	Mass %	28.0	31.6	33.0	33.4	32.5	30.5
	R1234yf	Mass %	0.0	0.0	0.0	20.4	0.0	0.0
	R32	Mass %	0.0	50.9	10.8	16.0	22.4	29.5

Burning velocity	cm/s	8 or less	8 or less	8 or less	8 or less	8 or less	8 or less
(WCF)
Burning velocity	cm/s	10	10	10	10	10	10
(WCFF)

TABLE 102

	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.
Item	Ex. 41	Ex. 47	Ex. 53	Ex. 59	Ex. 64

WCF	HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	29.1	28.8	29.3	29.4	28.9
	HFO-1123	Mass %	44.2	41.9	34.0	26.5	23.3
	R1234yf	Mass %	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
	R32	Mass %	26.7	29.3	36.7	44.1	47.8

Leak condition that	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/
results in WCFF	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°
	C., 92%	C., 92%	C., 92%	C., 90%	C., 86%
	release,	release,	release,	release,	release,
	liquid	liquid	liquid	gas phase	gas phase
	phase side	phase side	phase side	side	side

WCFF	HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	34.6	32.2	27.7	28.3	27.5
	HFO-1123	Mass %	26.5	23.9	17.5	18.2	16.7
	R1234yf	Mass %	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
	R32	Mass %	38.9	43.9	54.8	53.5	55.8

Burning velocity (WCF)	cm/s	8 or less	8 or less	8.3	9.3	9.6
Burning velocity (WCFF)	cm/s	10	10	10	10	10

TABLE 103

	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp	Comp.	Comp.
Item	Ex. 9	Ex. 16	Ex. 22	Ex. 27	Ex. 32	Ex. 37

WCF	HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	61.7	47.0	41.0	36.5	32.5	28.8
	HFO-1123	Mass %	5.9	7.2	6.5	5.6	4.0	2.4
	R1234yf	Mass %	32.4	38.7	41.4	43.4	45.3	46.9
	R32	Mass %	0.0	7.1	11.1	14.5	18.2	21.9

Leak condition that	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/
results in WCFF	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°
	C., 0%	C., 0%	C., 0%	C., 92%	C., 0%	C., 0%
	release,	release,	release,	release,	release,	release,
	gas phase	gas phase	gas phase	liquid phase	gas phase	gas phase
	side	side	side	side	side	side

WCFF	HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	72.0	56.2	50.4	46.0	42.4	39.1
	HFO-1123	Mass %	10.5	12.6	11.4	10.1	7.4	4.4
	R1234yf	Mass %	17.5	20.4	21.8	22.9	24.3	25.7
	R32	Mass %	0.0	10.8	16.3	21.0	25.9	30.8

Burning velocity (WCF)	cm/s	8 or less	8 or less	8 or less	8 or less	8 or less	8 or less
Burning velocity (WCFF)	cm/s	10	10	10	10	10	10

TABLE 104

	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.
Item	Ex. 42	Ex. 48	Ex. 54	Ex. 60	Ex. 65

WCF	HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	24.8	24.3	22.5	21.1	20.4
	HFO-1123	Mass %	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
	R1234yf	Mass %	48.5	46.4	40.8	34.8	31.8
	R32	Mass %	26.7	29.3	36.7	44.1	47.8

Leak condition that	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/	Storage/
results in WCFF	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°	Shipping −40°
	C., 0%	C., 0%	C., 0%	C., 0%	C., 0%
	release,	release,	release,	release,	release,
	gas phase	gas phase	gas phase	gas phase	gas phase
	side	side	side	side	side

WCFF	HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	35.3	34.3	31.3	29.1	28.1
	HFO-1123	Mass %	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
	R1234yf	Mass %	27.4	26.2	23.1	19.8	18.2
	R32	Mass %	37.3	39.6	45.6	51.1	53.7

Burning velocity (WCF)	cm/s	8 or less	8 or less	8 or less	8 or less	8 or less
Burning velocity (WCFF)	cm/s	10	10	10	10	10

The results in Tables 97 to 100 indicate that the refrigerant has aWCF lower flammability in the following cases:
When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), THFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), THFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of THFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % and a straight line connecting a point (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0−a) is the base, if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0) and point I (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0);
if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0) and point I (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895); if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0) and point I (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273); if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0) and point I (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014); and if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098, 0.0) and point I (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098).
Three points corresponding to point G (Table 105) and point I (Table 106) were individually obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained.

TABLE 105

Item	11.1 ≥ R32 ≥ 0	18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1	26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2

R32	0	7.1	11.1	11.1	14.5	18.2	18.2	21.9	26.7
HFO-1132(E)	72.0	60.9	55.8	55.8	52.1	48.6	48.6	45.4	41.8
HFO-1123	28.0	32.0	33.1	33.1	33.4	33.2	33.2	32.7	31.5
R1234yf	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

R32	a	a	a
HFO-1132(E)	0.026a²− 1.7478a + 72.0	0.02a²− 1.6013a + 71.105	0.0135a²− 1.4068a + 69.727
Approximate
expression
HFO-1123	−0.026a²+ 0..7478a + 28.0	−0.02a²+ 0..6013a + 28.895	−0.0135a²+ 0.4068a + 30.273
Approximate
expression
R1234yf
	0	0	0
Approximate
expression

	Item	36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7	46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7

R32	26.7	29.3	36.7	36.7	44.1	47.8
HFO-1132(E)	41.8	40.0	35.7	35.7	32.0	30.4
HFO-1123	31.5	30.7	27.6	27.6	23.9	21.8
R1234yf	0	0	0	0	0	0

R32	a	a
HFO-1132(E)	0.0111a2 − 1.3152a + 68.986	0.0061a²− 0.9918a + 63.902
Approximate
expression
HFO-1123	−0.0111a2 + 0.3152a + 31.014	−0.0061a²− 0.0082a + 36.098
Approximate
expression
R1234yf
0	0
Approximate
expression

TABLE 106

Item	11.1 ≥ R32 > 0	18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1	26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2

R32	0	7.1	11.1	11.1	14.5	18.2	18.2	21.9	26.7
HFO-1132(E)	72.0	60.9	55.8	55.8	52.1	48.6	48.6	45.4	41.8
HFO-1123	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
R1234yf	28.0	32.0	33.1	33.1	33.4	33.2	33.2	32.7	31.5

R32	a	a	a
HFO-1132(E)	0.026a²− 1.7478a + 72.0	0.02a²− 1.6013a + 71.105	0.0135a²− 1.4068a + 69.727
Approximate
expression
HFO-1123	0	0	0
Approximate
expression
R1234yf	−0.026a²+ 0.7478a + 28.0	−0.02a²+ 0.6013a + 28.895	−0.0135a²+ 0.4068a + 30.273
Approximate
expression

	Item	36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7	46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7

R32	26.7	29.3	36.7	36.7	44.1	47.8
HFO-1132(E)	41.8	40.0	35.7	35.7	32.0	30.4
HFO-1123	0	0	0	0	0	0
R1234yf	31.5	30.7	23.6	23.6	23.5	21.8

R32	x	x
HFO-1132(E)	0.0111a²− 1.3152a + 68.986	0.0061a²− 0.9918a + 63.902
Approximate
expression
HFO-1123	0	0
Approximate
expression
R1234yf	−0.0111a²+ 0.3152a + 31.014	−0.0061a²− 0.0082a + 36.098
Approximate
expression

The results in Tables 101 to 104 indicate that the refrigerant is determined to have a WCFF lower flammability, and the flammability classification according to the ASHRAE Standard is “2L (flammability)” in the following cases:
When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % and a straight line connecting a point (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0−a) is the base, if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0049a²−0.9645a+47.1, −0.0049a²−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0) and point K′(0.0514a²−2.4353a+61.7, −0.0323a²+0.4122a+5.9, −0.0191a²+1.0231a+32.4); if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates are on a straight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0243a²−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a²+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0) and point K′(0.0341a²−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a²+0.34a+5.636, −0.0105a²+0.8577a+33.177); if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0246a²−1.4476a+50.184, −0.0246a²+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0) and point K′ (0.0196a²−1.7863a+58.515, −0.0079a²−0.1136a+8.702, −0.0117a²+0.8999a+32.783); if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0183a²−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a²+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0) and point K′ (−0.0051a²+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a²−1.0929a+74.05); and if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J (−0.0134a²+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a²−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0) and point K′(−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557).
Actual points having a WCFF lower flammability form a curved line that connects point J and point K′ (on the straight line AB) in FIG. 3 and extends toward the HFO-1132(E) side. Accordingly, when coordinates are on or below the straight line JK′, WCFF lower flammability is achieved.
Three points corresponding to point J (Table 107) and point K′ (Table 108) were individually obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained.

TABLE 107

Item	11.1 ≥ R32 > 0	18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1	26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2

R32	0	7.1	11.1	11.1	14.5	18.2	18.2	21.9	26.7
HFO-1132(E)	47.1	40.5	37	37.0	34.3	32.0	32.0	30.3	29.1
HFO-1123	52.9	52.4	51.9	51.9	51.2	49.8	49.8	47.8	44.2
R1234yf	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

R32	a	a	a
HFO-1132(E)	0.0049a²− 0.9645a + 47.1	0.0243a²− 1.4161a + 49.725	0.0246a²− 1.4476a + 50.184
Approximate
expression
HFO-1123	−0.0049a²− 0.0355a + 52.9	−0.0243a²+ 0.4161a + 50.275	−0.0246a²+ 0.4476a + 49.816
Approximate
expression
R1234yf
	0	0	0
Approximate
expression

	Item	36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7	47.8 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7

R32	26.7	29.3	36.7	36.7	44.1	47.8
HFO-1132(E)	29.1	28.8	29.3	29.3	29.4	28.9
HFO-1123	44.2	41.9	34.0	34.0	26.5	23.3
R1234yf	0	0	0	0	0	0

R32	a	a
HFO-1132(E)	0.0183a²− 1.1399a + 46.493	−0.0134a²+ 1.0956a + 7.13
Approximate
expression
HFO-1123	−0.0183a²+ 0.1399a + 53.507	0.0134a²− 2.0956a + 92.87
Approximate
expression
R1234yf
0	0
Approximate
expression

TABLE 108

Item	11.1 ≥ R32 > 0	18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1	26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2

R32	0	7.1	11.1	11.1	14.5	18.2	18.2	21.9	26.7
HFO-1132(E)	61.7	47.0	41.0	41.0	36.5	32.5	32.5	28.8	24.8
HFO-1123	5.9	7.2	6.5	6.5	5.6	4.0	4.0	2.4	0
R1234yf	32.4	38.7	41.4	41.4	43.4	45.3	45.3	46.9	48.5

R32	x	x	x
HFO-1132(E)	0.0514a²− 2.4353a + 61.7	0.0341a²− 2.1977a + 61.187	0.0196a²− 1.7863a + 58.515
Approximate
expression
HFO-1123	−0.0323a²+ 0.4122a + 5.9	−0.0236a²+ 0.34a + 5.636	−0.0079a²− 0.1136a + 8.702
Approximate
expression
R1234yf	−0.0191a²+ 1.0231a + 32.4	−0.0105a²+ 0.8577a + 33.177	−0.0117a²+ 0.8999a + 32.783
Approximate
expression

	Item	36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7	46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7

R32	26.7	29.3	36.7	36.7	44.1	47.8
HFO-1132(E)	24.8	24.3	22.5	22.5	21.1	20.4
HFO-1123	0	0	0	0	0	0
R1234yf	48.5	46.4	40.8	40.8	34.8	31.8

R32	x	x
HFO-1132(E)	−0.0051a²+ 0.0929a + 25.95	−1.892a + 29.443
Approximate
expression
HFO-1123	0	0
Approximate
expression
R1234yf	0.0051a²− 1.0929a + 74.05	0.892a + 70.557
Approximate
expression

FIGS. 3 to 13 show compositions whose R32 content a (mass %) is 0 mass %, 7.1 mass %, 11.1 mass %, 14.5 mass %, 18.2 mass %, 21.9 mass %, 26.7 mass %, 29.3 mass %, 36.7 mass %, 44.1 mass %, and 47.8 mass %, respectively.
Points A, B, C, and D′ were obtained in the following manner according to approximate calculation.
Point A is a point where the content of HFO-1123 is 0 mass %, and a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% relative to that of R410A is achieved. Three points corresponding to point A were obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 109).

TABLE 109

Item	11.1 ≥ R32 > 0	18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1	26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2

R32	0	7.1	11.1	11.1	14.5	18.2	18.2	21.9	26.7
HFO-1132(E)	68.6	55.3	48.4	48.4	42.8	37	37	31.5	24.8
HFO-1123	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
R1234yf	31.4	37.6	40.5	40.5	42.7	44.8	44.8	46.6	48.5

R32	a	a	a
HFO-1132(E)	0.0134a²− 1.9681a + 68.6	0.0112a²− 1.9337a + 68.484	0.0107a²− 1.9142a + 68.305
Approximate
expression
HFO-1123	0	0	0
Approximate
expression
R1234yf	−0.0134a²+ 0.9681a + 31.4	−0.0112a²+ 0.9337a + 31.516	−0.0107a²+ 0.9142a + 31.695
Approximate
expression

	Item	36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7	46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7

R32	26.7	29.3	36.7	36.7	44.1	47.8
HFO-1132(E)	24.8	21.3	12.1	12.1	3.8	0
HFO-1123	0	0	0	0	0	0
R1234yf	48.5	49.4	51.2	51.2	52.1	52.2

R32	a	a
HFO-1132(E)	0.0103a²− 1.9225a + 68.793	0.0085a²− 1.8102a + 67.1
Approximate
expression
HFO-1123	0	0
Approximate
expression
R1234yf	−0.0103a²+ 0.9225a + 31.207	−0.0085a²+ 0.8102a + 32.9
Approximate
expression

Point Bis a point where the content of THFO-1132(E) is 0 mass %, and a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% relative to that of R410A is achieved.
Three points corresponding to point B were obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 110).

TABLE 110

Item	11.1 ≥ R32 > 0	18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1	26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2

R32	0	7.1	11.1	11.1	14.5	18.2	18.2	21.9	26.7
HFO-1132(E)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
HFO-1123	58.7	47.8	42.3	42.3	37.8	33.1	33.1	28.5	22.9
R1234yf	41.3	45.1	46.6	46.6	47.7	48.7	48.7	49.6	50.4

R32	a	a	a
HFO-1132(E)	0	0	0
Approximate
expression
HFO-1123	0.0144a²− 1.6377a + 58.7	0.0075a²− 1.5156a + 58.199	0.009a²− 1.6045a + 59.318
Approximate
expression
R1234yf	−0.0144a²+ 0.6377a + 41.3	−0.0075a²+ 0.5156a + 41.801	−0.009a²+ 0.6045a + 40.682
Approximate
expression

	Item	36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7	46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7

R32	26.7	29.3	36.7	36.7	44.1	47.8
HFO-1132(E)	0	0	0	0	0	0
HFO-1123	22.9	19.9	11.7	11.8	3.9	0
R1234yf	50.4	50.8	51.6	51.5	52.0	52.2

R32	a	a
HFO-1132(E)	0	0
Approximate
expression
HFO-1123	0.0046a²− 1.41a + 57.286	0.0012a²− 1.1659a + 52.95
Approximate
expression
R1234yf	−0.0046a²+ 0.41a + 42.714	−0.0012a²+ 0.1659a + 47.05
Approximate
expression

Point D′ is a point where the content of THFO-1132(E) is 0 mass %, and a COP ratio of 95.5% relative to that of R410A is achieved.
Three points corresponding to point D′ were obtained in each of the following by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 111).

TABLE 111

	Item	11.1 ≥ R32 > 0

R32	0	7.1	11.1
HFO-1132(E)	0	0	0
HFO-1123	75.4	83.4	88.9
R1234yf	24.6	9.5	0

	R32	a
	HFO-1132(E)	0
	Approximate
	expression
	HFO-1123	0.0224a²+ 0.968a + 75.4
	Approximate
	expression
	R1234yf	−0.0224a²− 1.968a + 24.6
	Approximate
	expression

Point C is a point where the content of R1234yf is 0 mass %, and a COP ratio of 95.5% relative to that of R410A is achieved.
Three points corresponding to point C were obtained in each of the following by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 112).

TABLE 112

	Item	11.1 ≥ R32 > 0

R32	0	7.1	11.1
HFO-1132(E)	32.9	18.4	0
HFO-1123	67.1	74.5	88.9
R1234yf	0	0	0

	R32	a
	HFO-1132(E)	−0.2304a²− 0.4062a + 32.9
	Approximate
	expression
	HFO-1123	0.2304a²− 0.5938a + 67.1
	Approximate
	expression
	R1234yf
	0
	Approximate
	expression

(5-4) Refrigerant D

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).
The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant; i.e., a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of R410A, a sufficiently low GWP, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.
The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:
  point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
  point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),
  point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
  point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),
  or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI);
- the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.0236y²−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y²+0.7616y+28.0);
- the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y²−1.9003y+58.3, y, −0.012y²+0.9003y+41.7); and
- the line segments JN and EI are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM′, M′N, NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5 points:
  point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),
  point M′ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8),
  point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),
  point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and
  point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4),
  or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);
- the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y²−3.34y+52.6, y, −0.132y²+2.34y+47.4);
- the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates (0.0596y²−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y²+1.2541y+51.02);
- the line segment VG is represented by coordinates (0.0123y²−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y²+0.8033y+60.4); and
- the line segments NV and GM are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 70% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3 points:
  point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),
  point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
  point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),
  or on these line segments;
- the line segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y²−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y²−0.3299y+62.488);
- the line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y²−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y²+0.7403y+43.365); and
- the line segment UO is a straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 250 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points:
  point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),
  point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),
  point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
  point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and
  point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),
  or on these line segments;
- the line segment QR is represented by coordinates (0.0099y²−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y²+0.975y+15.235);
- the line segment RT is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874);
- the line segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y²−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y²−0.1158y+38.512);
- the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates (0.0095y²−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y²+0.2222y+32.324); and
- the line segment TL is a straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:
  point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),
  point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and
  point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
  or on these line segments;
- the line segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y²−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y²−0.2897y+59.9);
- the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874); and
- the line segment TP is a straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ac, cf, fd, and da that connect the following 4 points:
  point a (71.1, 0.0, 28.9),
  point c (36.5, 18.2, 45.3),
  point f (47.6, 18.3, 34.1), and
  point d (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
  or on these line segments;
- the line segment ac is represented by coordinates (0.0181y²−2.2288y+71.096, y, −0.0181y²+1.2288y+28.904);
- the line segment fd is represented by coordinates (0.02y²−1.7y+72, y, −0.02y²+0.7y+28); and
- the line segments cf and da are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ab, be, ed, and da that connect the following 4 points:
  point a (71.1, 0.0, 28.9),
  point b (42.6, 14.5, 42.9),
  point e (51.4, 14.6, 34.0), and
  point d (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
  or on these line segments;
- the line segment ab is represented by coordinates (0.0181y²2.2288y+71.096, y, −0.0181y²+1.2288y+28.904);
- the line segment ed is represented by coordinates (0.02y²−1.7y+72, y, −0.02y²+0.7y+28); and
- the line segments be and da are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 100 or less, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments gi, ij, and jg that connect the following 3 points:
  point g (77.5, 6.9, 15.6),
  point i (55.1, 18.3, 26.6), and
  point j (77.5. 18.4, 4.1),
  or on these line segments;
- the line segment gi is represented by coordinates (0.02y²−2.4583y+93.396, y, −0.02y²+1.4583y+6.604); and
- the line segments ij and jg are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to R410A and a GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or no changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and also has excellent stability.

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments gh, hk, and kg that connect the following 3 points:
  point g (77.5, 6.9, 15.6),
  point h (61.8, 14.6, 23.6), and
  point k (77.5, 14.6, 7.9),
  or on these line segments;
- the line segment gh is represented by coordinates (0.02y²−2.4583y+93.396, y, −0.02y²+1.4583y+6.604); and
- the line segments hk and kg are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to R410A and a GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or no changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and also has excellent stability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant.
Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.

Examples of Refrigerant D

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant D. However, the refrigerant D is not limited to the Examples.
The composition of each mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using the NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.
A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC. Tables 113 to 115 show the results.

TABLE 113

		Comparative		Example		Example		Example
		Example 13	Example	12	Example	14	Example	16
Item	Unit	I	11	J	13	K	15	L

WCF	HFO-1132 (E)	Mass %	72	57.2	48.5	41.2	35.6	32	28.9
	R32	Mass %	0	10	18.3	27.6	36.8	44.2	51.7
	R1234yf	Mass %		28	32.8	33.2	31.2	27.6	23.8	19.4

Burning Velocity	cm/s	10	10	10	10	10	10	10
(WCF)

TABLE 114

		Comparative		Example		Example
		Example 14	Example	19	Example	21	Example
Item	Unit	M	18	W	20	N	22

WCF	HFO-1132 (E)	Mass %	52.6	39.2	32.4	29.3	27.7	24.6
	R32	Mass %	0.0	5.0	10.0	14.5	18.2	27.6
	R1234yf	Mass %	47.4	55.8	57.6	56.2	54.1	47.8

Leak condition that	Storage,	Storage,	Storage,	Storage,	Storage,	Storage,
results in WCFF	Shipping, −40°	Shipping, −40°	Shipping, −40°	Shipping, −40°	Shipping, −40°	Shipping, −40°
	C., 0% release,	C., 0% release,	C., 0% release,	C., 0% release,	C., 0% release,	C., 0% release,
	on the gas	on the gas	on the gas	on the gas	on the gas	on the gas
	phase side	phase side	phase side	phase side	phase side	phase side

WCF	HFO-1132 (E)	Mass %	72.0	57.8	48.7	43.6	40.6	34.9
	R32	Mass %	0.0	9.5	17.9	24.2	28.7	38.1
	R1234yf	Mass %	28.0	32.7	33.4	32.2	30.7	27.0

TABLE 115

		Example		Example
		23	Example	25
Item	Unit	O	24	P

WCF	HFO-1132 (E)	Mass %	22.6	21.2	20.5
	HFO-1123	Mass %	36.8	44.2	51.7
	R1234yf	Mass %	40.6	34.6	27.8

Leak condition that results	Storage,	Storage,	Storage,
in WCFF	Shipping, −40° C.,	Shipping, −40° C.,	Shipping, −40° C.,

			0% release,	0% release,	0% release,
			on the gas	on the gas	on the gas
			phase side	phase side	phase side
WCFF	HFO-1132 (E)	Mass %	31.4	29.2	27.1
	HFO-1123	Mass %	45.7	51.1	56.4
	R1234yf	Mass %	23.0	19.7	16.5

Burning Velocity	cm/s	8 or less	8 or less	8 or less
(WCF)
Burning Velocity	cm/s	10	10	10
(WCFF)

The results indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram shown in FIG. 14 in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are on the line segment that connects point I, point J, point K, and point L, or below these line segments, the refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability.
The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram shown in FIG. 14 are on the line segments that connect point M, point M′, point W, point J, point N, and point P, or below these line segments, the refrigerant has an ASHRAE lower flammability.
Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf in amounts (mass %) shown in Tables 116 to 144 based on the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf. The coefficient of performance (COP) ratio and the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410 of the mixed refrigerants shown in Tables 116 to 144 were determined. The conditions for calculation were as described below.
Evaporating temperature: 5° C.
Condensation temperature: 45° C.
Degree of superheating: 5 K
Degree of subcooling: 5 K
Compressor efficiency: 70%
Tables 116 to 144 show these values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant.

TABLE 116

			Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative
		Comparative	Example 2	Example 3	Example 4	Example 5	Example 6	Example 7
Item	Unit	Example 1	A	B	A′	B′	A″	B″

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %		81.6	0.0	63.1	0.0	48.2	0.0
R32	Mass %	R410A	18.4	18.1	36.9	36.7	51.8	51.5
R1234yf	Mass %		0.0	81.9	0.0	63.3	0.0	48.5
GWP	—	2088	125	125	250	250	350	350
COP Ratio	% (relative	100	98.7	103.6	98.7	102.3	99.2	102.2
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	100	105.3	62.5	109.9	77.5	112.1	87.3
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 117

		Comparative		Comparative		Example		Example
		Example 8	Comparative	Example 10	Example	2	Example	4
Item	Unit	C	Example 9	C′	1	R	3	T

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	85.5	66.1	52.1	37.8	25.5	16.6	8.6
R32	Mass %	0.0	10.0	18.2	27.6	36.8	44.2	51.6
R1234yf	Mass %	14.5	23.9	29.7	34.6	37.7	39.2	39.8
GWP	—	1	69	125	188	250	300	350
COP Ratio	% (relative	99.8	99.3	99.3	99.6	100.2	100.8	101.4
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	92.5	92.5	92.5	92.5	92.5	92.5	92.5
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 118

		Comparative		Example		Example	Comparative		Example
		Example 11	Example	6	Example	8	Example 12	Example	10
Item	Unit	E	5	N	7	U	G	9	V

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	58.3	40.5	27.7	14.9	3.9	39.6	22.8	11.0
R32	Mass %	0.0	10.0	18.2	27.6	36.7	0.0	10.0	18.1
R1234yf	Mass %	41.7	49.5	54.1	57.5	59.4	60.4	67.2	70.9
GWP	—	2	70	125	189	250	3	70	125
COP Ratio	% (relative	100.3	100.3	100.7	101.2	101.9	101.4	101.8	102.3
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	80.0	80.0	80.0	80.0	80.0	70.0	70.0	70.0
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 119

		Comparative		Example		Example		Example	Example
		Example 13	Example	12	Example	14	Example	16	17
Item	Unit	I	11	J	13	K	15	L	Q

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	72.0	57.2	48.5	41.2	35.6	32.0	28.9	44.6
R32	Mass %	0.0	10.0	18.3	27.6	36.8	44.2	51.7	23.0
R1234yf	Mass %	28.0	32.8	33.2	31.2	27.6	23.8	19.4	32.4
GWP	—	2	69	125	188	250	300	350	157
COP Ratio	% (relative	99.9	99.5	99.4	99.5	99.6	99.8	100.1	99.4
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	86.6	88.4	90.9	94.2	97.7	100.5	103.3	92.5
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 120

		Comparative		Example		Example
		Example 14	Example	19	Example	21	Example
Item	Unit	M	18	W	20	N	22

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	52.6	39.2	32.4	29.3	27.7	24.5
R32	Mass %	0.0	5.0	10.0	14.5	18.2	27.6
R1234yf	Mass %	47.4	55.8	57.6	56.2	54.1	47.9
GWP	—	2	36	70	100	125	188
COP Ratio	% (relative	100.5	100.9	100.9	100.8	100.7	100.4
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	77.1	74.8	75.6	77.8	80.0	85.5
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 121

		Example		Example	Example
		23	Example	25	26
Item	Unit	O	24	P	S

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	22.6	21.2	20.5	21.9
R32	Mass %	36.8	44.2	51.7	39.7
R1234yf	Mass %	40.6	34.6	27.8	38.4
GWP	—	250	300	350	270
COP Ratio	% (relative	100.4	100.5	100.6	100.4
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	91.0	95.0	99.1	92.5
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 122

		Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Example	Example	Comparative	Comparative
Item	Unit	Example 15	Example 16	Example 17	Example 18	27	28	Example 19	Example 20

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0	70.0	80.0
R32	Mass %	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0
R1234yf	Mass %	85.0	75.0	65.0	55.0	45.0	35.0	25.0	15.0
GWP	—	37	37	37	36	36	36	35	35
COP Ratio	% (relative	103.4	102.6	101.6	100.8	100.2	99.8	99.6	99.4
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	56.4	63.3	69.5	75.2	80.5	85.4	90.1	94.4
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 123

		Comparative	Comparative	Example	Comparative	Example	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative
Item	Unit	Example 21	Example 22	29	Example 23	30	Example 24	Example 25	Example 26

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0	70.0	80.0
R32	Mass %	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0
R1234yf	Mass %	80.0	70.0	60.0	50.0	40.0	30.0	20.0	10.0
GWP	—	71	71	70	70	70	69	69	69
COP Ratio	% (relative	103.1	102.1	101.1	100.4	99.8	99.5	99.2	99.1
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	61.8	68.3	74.3	79.7	84.9	89.7	94.2	98.4
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 124

		Comparative	Example	Comparative	Example	Example	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative
Item	Unit	Example 27	31	Example 28	32	33	Example 29	Example 30	Example 31

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0	70.0	80.0
R32	Mass %	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0
R1234yf	Mass %	75.0	65.0	55.0	45.0	35.0	25.0	15.0	5.0
GWP	—	104	104	104	103	103	103	103	102
COP Ratio	% (relative	102.7	101.6	100.7	100.0	99.5	99.2	99.0	98.9
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	66.6	72.9	78.6	84.0	89.0	93.7	98.1	102.2
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 125

		Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative
Item	Unit	Example 32	Example 33	Example 34	Example 35	Example 36	Example 37	Example 38	Example 39

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0	70.0	10.0
R32	Mass %	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	25.0
R1234yf	Mass %	70.0	60.0	50.0	40.0	30.0	20.0	10.0	65.0
GWP	—	138	138	137	137	137	136	136	171
COP Ratio	% (relative	102.3	101.2	100.4	99.7	99.3	99.0	98.8	101.9
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	71.0	77.1	82.7	88.0	92.9	97.5	101.7	75.0
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 126

		Example	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Example
Item	Unit	34	Example 40	Example 41	Example 42	Example 43	Example 44	Example 45	35

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0	70.0	10.0	20.0
R32	Mass %	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	30.0	30.0
R1234yf	Mass %	55.0	45.0	35.0	25.0	15.0	5.0	60.0	50.0
GWP	—	171	171	171	170	170	170	205	205
COP Ratio	% (relative	100.9	100.1	99.6	99.2	98.9	98.7	101.6	100.7
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	81.0	86.6	91.7	96.5	101.0	105.2	78.9	84.8
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 127

		Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Example	Example	Example	Comparative
Item	Unit	Example 46	Example 47	Example 48	Example 49	36	37	38	Example 50

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0
R32	Mass %	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	35.0	35.0	35.0	35.0
R1234yf	Mass %	40.0	30.0	20.0	10.0	55.0	45.0	35.0	25.0
GWP	—	204	204	204	204	239	238	238	238
COP Ratio	% (relative	100.0	99.5	99.1	98.8	101.4	100.6	99.9	99.4
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	90.2	95.3	100.0	104.4	82.5	88.3	93.7	98.6
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 128

		Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Example	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative
Item	Unit	Example 51	Example 52	Example 53	Example 54	39	Example 55	Example 56	Example 57

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	50.0	60.0	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	10.0
R32	Mass %	35.0	35.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	45.0
R1234yf	Mass %	15.0	5.0	50.0	40.0	30.0	20.0	10.0	45.0
GWP	—	237	237	272	272	272	271	271	306
COP Ratio	% (relative	99.0	98.8	101.3	100.6	99.9	99.4	99.0	101.3
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	103.2	107.5	86.0	91.7	96.9	101.8	106.3	89.3
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 129

		Example	Example	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Example	Comparative	Comparative
Item	Unit	40	41	Example 58	Example 59	Example 60	42	Example 61	Example 62

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0
R32	Mass %	45.0	45.0	45.0	45.0	50.0	50.0	50.0	50.0
R1234yf	Mass %	35.0	25.0	15.0	5.0	40.0	30.0	20.0	10.0
GWP	—	305	305	305	304	339	339	339	338
COP Ratio	% (relative	100.6	100.0	99.5	99.1	101.3	100.6	100.0	99.5
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	94.9	100.0	104.7	109.2	92.4	97.8	102.9	107.5
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 130

		Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	Example 63	Example 64	Example 65	Example 66	43	44	45	46

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	56.0	59.0	62.0	65.0
R32	Mass %	55.0	55.0	55.0	55.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0
R1234yf	Mass %	35.0	25.0	15.0	5.0	41.0	38.0	35.0	32.0
GWP	—	373	372	372	372	22	22	22	22
COP Ratio	% (relative	101.4	100.7	100.1	99.6	100.1	100.0	99.9	99.8
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	95.3	100.6	105.6	110.2	81.7	83.2	84.6	86.0
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 131

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit
	47	48	49	50	51	52	53	54

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	49.0	52.0	55.0	58.0	61.0	43.0	46.0	49.0
R32	Mass %	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	9.0	9.0	9.0
R1234yf	Mass %	45.0	42.0	39.0	36.0	33.0	48.0	45.0	42.0
GWP	—	43	43	43	43	42	63	63	63
COP Ratio	% (relative	100.2	100.0	99.9	99.8	99.7	100.3	100.1	99.9
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	80.9	82.4	83.9	85.4	86.8	80.4	82.0	83.5
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 132

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	55	56	57	58	59	60	61	62

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	52.0	55.0	58.0	38.0	41.0	44.0	47.0	50.0
R32	Mass %	9.0	9.0	9.0	12.0	12.0	12.0	12.0	12.0
R1234yf	Mass %	39.0	36.0	33.0	50.0	47.0	44.0	41.0	38.0
GWP	—	63	63	63	83	83	83	83	83
COP Ratio	% (relative	99.8	99.7	99.6	100.3	100.1	100.0	99.8	99.7
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	85.0	86.5	87.9	80.4	82.0	83.5	85.1	86.6
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 133

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	63	64	65	66	67	68	69	70

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	53.0	33.0	36.0	39.0	42.0	45.0	48.0	51.0
R32	Mass %	12.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0
R1234yf	Mass %	35.0	52.0	49.0	46.0	43.0	40.0	37.0	34.0
GWP	—	83	104	104	103	103	103	103	103
COP Ratio	% (relative	99.6	100.5	100.3	100.1	99.9	99.7	99.6	99.5
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	88.0	80.3	81.9	83.5	85.0	86.5	88.0	89.5
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 134

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	71	72	73	74	75	76	77	78

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	29.0	32.0	35.0	38.0	41.0	44.0	47.0	36.0
R32	Mass %	18.0	18.0	18.0	18.0	18.0	18.0	18.0	3.0
R1234yf	Mass %	53.0	50.0	47.0	44.0	41.0	38.0	35.0	61.0
GWP	—	124	124	124	124	124	123	123	23
COP Ratio	% (relative	100.6	100.3	100.1	99.9	99.8	99.6	99.5	101.3
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	80.6	82.2	83.8	85.4	86.9	88.4	89.9	71.0
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 135

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	79	80	81	82	83	84	85	86

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	39.0	42.0	30.0	33.0	36.0	26.0	29.0	32.0
R32	Mass %	3.0	3.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	9.0	9.0	9.0
R1234yf	Mass %	58.0	55.0	64.0	61.0	58.0	65.0	62.0	59.0
GWP	—	23	23	43	43	43	64	64	63
COP Ratio	% (relative	101.1	100.9	101.5	101.3	101.0	101.6	101.3	101.1
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	72.7	74.4	70.5	72.2	73.9	71.0	72.8	74.5
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 136

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	87	88	89	90	91	92	93	94

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	21.0	24.0	27.0	30.0	16.0	19.0	22.0	25.0
R32	Mass %	12.0	12.0	12.0	12.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0
R1234yf	Mass %	67.0	64.0	61.0	58.0	69.0	66.0	63.0	60.0
GWP	—	84	84	84	84	104	104	104	104
COP Ratio	% (relative	101.8	101.5	101.2	101.0	102.1	101.8	101.4	101.2
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	70.8	72.6	74.3	76.0	70.4	72.3	74.0	75.8
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 137

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit
	95	96	97	98	99	100	101	102

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	28.0	12.0	15.0	18.0	21.0	24.0	27.0	25.0
R32	Mass %	15.0	18.0	18.0	18.0	18.0	18.0	18.0	21.0
R1234yf	Mass %	57.0	70.0	67.0	64.0	61.0	58.0	55.0	54.0
GWP	—	104	124	124	124	124	124	124	144
COP Ratio	% (relative	100.9	102.2	101.9	101.6	101.3	101.0	100.7	100.7
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	77.5	70.5	72.4	74.2	76.0	77.7	79.4	80.7
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 138

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	103	104	105	106	107	108	109	110

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	21.0	24.0	17.0	20.0	23.0	13.0	16.0	19.0
R32	Mass %	24.0	24.0	27.0	27.0	27.0	30.0	30.0	30.0
R1234yf	Mass %	55.0	52.0	56.0	53.0	50.0	57.0	54.0	51.0
GWP	—	164	164	185	185	184	205	205	205
COP Ratio	% (relative	100.9	100.6	101.1	100.8	100.6	101.3	101.0	100.8
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	80.8	82.5	80.8	82.5	84.2	80.7	82.5	84.2
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 139

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	111	112	113	114	115	116	117	118

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	22.0	9.0	12.0	15.0	18.0	21.0	8.0	12.0
R32	Mass %	30.0	33.0	33.0	33.0	33.0	33.0	36.0	36.0
R1234yf	Mass %	48.0	58.0	55.0	52.0	49.0	46.0	56.0	52.0
GWP	—	205	225	225	225	225	225	245	245
COP Ratio	% (relative	100.5	101.6	101.3	101.0	100.8	100.5	101.6	101.2
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	85.9	80.5	82.3	84.1	85.8	87.5	82.0	84.4
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 140

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	119	120	121	122	123	124	125	126

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	15.0	18.0	21.0	42.0	39.0	34.0	37.0	30.0
R32	Mass %	36.0	36.0	36.0	25.0	28.0	31.0	31.0	34.0
R1234yf	Mass %	49.0	46.0	43.0	33.0	33.0	35.0	32.0	36.0
GWP	—	245	245	245	170	191	211	211	231
COP Ratio	% (relative	101.0	100.7	100.5	99.5	99.5	99.8	99.6	99.9
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	86.2	87.9	89.6	92.7	93.4	93.0	94.5	93.0
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 141

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	127	128	129	130	131	132	133	134

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	33.0	36.0	24.0	27.0	30.0	33.0	23.0	26.0
R32	Mass %	34.0	34.0	37.0	37.0	37.0	37.0	40.0	40.0
R1234yf	Mass %	33.0	30.0	39.0	36.0	33.0	30.0	37.0	34.0
GWP	—	231	231	252	251	251	251	272	272
COP Ratio	% (relative	99.8	99.6	100.3	100.1	99.9	99.8	100.4	100.2
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	94.5	96.0	91.9	93.4	95.0	96.5	93.3	94.9
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 142

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	135	136	137	138	139	140	141	142

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	29.0	32.0	19.0	22.0	25.0	28.0	31.0	18.0
R32	Mass %	40.0	40.0	43.0	43.0	43.0	43.0	43.0	46.0
R1234yf	Mass %	31.0	28.0	38.0	35.0	32.0	29.0	26.0	36.0
GWP	—	272	271	292	292	292	292	292	312
COP Ratio	% (relative	100.0	99.8	100.6	100.4	100.2	100.1	99.9	100.7
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	96.4	97.9	93.1	94.7	96.2	97.8	99.3	94.4
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 143

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	143	144	145	146	147	148	149	150

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	21.0	23.0	26.0	29.0	13.0	16.0	19.0	22.0
R32	Mass %	46.0	46.0	46.0	46.0	49.0	49.0	49.0	49.0
R1234yf	Mass %	33.0	31.0	28.0	25.0	38.0	35.0	32.0	29.0
GWP	—	312	312	312	312	332	332	332	332
COP Ratio	% (relative	100.5	100.4	100.2	100.0	101.1	100.9	100.7	100.5
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	96.0	97.0	98.6	100.1	93.5	95.1	96.7	98.3
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 144

			Example	Example
	Item	Unit	151	152

HFO-1132(E)	Mass %	25.0	28.0
R32	Mass %	49.0	49.0
R1234yf	Mass %	26.0	23.0
GWP	—	332	332
COP Ratio	% (relative	100.3	100.1
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	99.8	101.3
Capacity Ratio	to R410A)

The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of UHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x,y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of UFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:
point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI),

- the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.0236y²−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y²+0.7616y+28.0),
- the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y²−1.9003y+58.3, y, −0.012y²+0.9003y+41.7), and
- the line segments JN and EI are straight lines, the refrigerant D has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.

The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM′, M′N, NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5 points:
point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),
point M′ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),
point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and
point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM),

- the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y²−3.34y+52.6, y, −0.132y²+2.34y+47.4),
- the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates (0.0596y²−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y²+1.2541y+51.02),
- the line segment VG is represented by coordinates (0.0123y²−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y²+0.8033y+60.4), and
- the line segments NV and GM are straight lines, the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 70% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3 points:
point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),
or on these line segments,

- the line segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y²−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y²−0.3299y+62.488),
- the line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y²−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y²+0.7403y+43.365), and
- the line segment UO is a straight line, the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 250 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points:
point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),
point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and
point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),
or on these line segments,

- the line segment QR is represented by coordinates (0.0099y²−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y²+0.975y+15.235),
- the line segment RT is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874),
- the line segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y²−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y²−0.1158y+38.512),
- the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates (0.0095y²−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y²+0.2222y+32.324), and
- the line segment TL is a straight line, the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.

The results further indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:
point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),
point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
or on these line segments,

- the line segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y²−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y²−0.2897y+59.9),
- the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874), and
- the line segment TP is a straight line, the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

(5-5) Refrigerant E

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32).
The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e., a coefficient of performance equivalent to that of R410A and a sufficiently low GWP.
The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IK, KB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GI that connect the following 6 points:
  point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
  point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4),
  point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),
  point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),
  point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
  point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
  or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GI);
- the line segment IK is represented by coordinates (0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.0, z),
- the line segment HR is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z),
- the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
- the line segments KB′ and GI are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has WCF lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JR, RG, and GI that connect the following 4 points:
  point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
  point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5),
  point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
  point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
  or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GI);
- the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.025z²−1.7429z+72.0, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.0, z),
- the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
- the line segments JR and GI are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has WCF lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MP, PB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GM that connect the following 6 points:
  point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
  point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),
  point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),
  point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),
  point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
  point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
  or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GM);
- the line segment MP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z),
- the line segment HR is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z),
- the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491zz+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
- the line segments PB′ and GM are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MN, NR, RG, and GM that connect the following 4 points:
  point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
  point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5),
  point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
  point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
  or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);
- the line segment MN is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z),
- the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z),
- the line segments NR and GM are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:
  point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),
  point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and
  point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2),
  or on these line segments;
- the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (−0.0982z²+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z²−1.9622z+59.069, z),
- the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z), and
- the line segment PS is a straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 94.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QB″, B″D, DU, and UQ that connect the following 4 points:
  point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),
  point B″ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0),
  point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and
  point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1),
  or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment B″D);
- the line segment DU is represented by coordinates (−3.4962z²+210.71z−3146.1, 3.4962z²−211.71z+3246.1, z),
- the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates (0.0135z²−0.9181z+44.133, −0.0135z²−0.0819z+55.867, z), and
- the line segments QB″ and B″D are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 96% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 250 or less.

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc′, c′d′, d′e′, e′a′, and a′O that connect the following 5 points:
  point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
  point c′ (56.7, 43.3, 0.0),
  point d′ (52.2, 38.3, 9.5),
  point e′ (41.8, 39.8, 18.4), and
  point a′ (81.6, 0.0, 18.4),
  or on the line segments c′d′, d′e′, and e′a′ (excluding the points c′ and a′);
- the line segment c′d′ is represented by coordinates (−0.0297z²−0.1915z+56.7, 0.0297z²+1.1915z+43.3, z),
- the line segment d′e′ is represented by coordinates (−0.0535z²+0.3229z+53.957, 0.0535z²+0.6771z+46.043, z), and
- the line segments Oc′, e′a′, and a′O are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc, cd, de, ea′, and a′O that connect the following 5 points:
  point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
  point c (77.7, 22.3, 0.0),
  point d (76.3, 14.2, 9.5),
  point e (72.2, 9.4, 18.4), and
  point a′ (81.6, 0.0, 18.4),
  or on the line segments cd, de, and ea′ (excluding the points c and a′);
- the line segment cde is represented by coordinates (−0.017z²+0.0148z+77.684, 0.017z²+0.9852z+22.316, z), and
- the line segments Oc, ea′, and a′O are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc′, c′d′, d′a, and aO that connect the following 5 points:
  point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
  point c′ (56.7, 43.3, 0.0),
  point d′ (52.2, 38.3, 9.5), and
  point a (90.5, 0.0, 9.5),
  or on the line segments c′d′ and d′a (excluding the points c′ and a);
- the line segment c′d′ is represented by coordinates (−0.0297z²−0.1915z+56.7, 0.0297z²+1.1915z+43.3, z), and
- the line segments Oc′, d′a, and aO are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.

- when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc, cd, da, and aO that connect the following 4 points:
  point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
  point c (77.7, 22.3, 0.0),
  point d (76.3, 14.2, 9.5), and
  point a (90.5, 0.0, 9.5),
  or on the line segments cd and da (excluding the points c and a);
- the line segment cd is represented by coordinates
  (−0.017z²+0.0148z+77.684, 0.017z²+0.9852z+22.316, z), and
- the line segments Oc, da, and aO are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and even more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.
Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.

Examples of Refrigerant E

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant E. However, the refrigerant E is not limited to the Examples.
Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 145 and 146.
The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Data Base Refleak Version 4.0 under the conditions for equipment, storage, shipping, leak, and recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.
For each mixed refrigerant, the burning velocity was measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. When the burning velocities of the WCF composition and the WCFF composition are 10 cm/s or less, the flammability of such a refrigerant is classified as Class 2L (lower flammability) in the ASHRAE flammability classification.
A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.
Tables 145 and 146 show the results.

TABLE 145

Item	Unit	I	J	K	L

WCF	HFO-1132(E)	mass %	72.0	57.7	48.4	35.5
	HFO-1123	mass %	28.0	32.8	33.2	27.5
	R32	mass %	0.0	9.5	18.4	37.0

Burning velocity	cm/s	10	10	10	10
(WCF)

TABLE 146

Item	Unit	M	N	T	P	U	Q

WCF	HFO-1132(E)	mass %	47.1	38.5	34.8	31.8	28.7	28.6
	HFO-1123	mass %	52.9	52.1	51.0	49.8	41.2	34.4
	R32	mass %	0.0	9.5	14.2	18.4	30.1	37.0

Leak condition that results	Storage,	Storage,	Storage,	Storage,	Storage,	Storage,
in WCFF	Shipping, −40°	Shipping, −40°	Shipping, −40°	Shipping, −40°	Shipping, −40°	Shipping, −40°
	C., 92%, release,	C., 92%, release,	C., 92%, release,	C., 92%, release,	C., 92%, release,	C., 92%, release,
	on the liquid	on the liquid	on the liquid	on the liquid	on the liquid	on the liquid
	phase side	phase side	phase side	phase side	phase side	phase side

WCFF	HFO-1132(E)	mass %	72.0	58.9	51.5	44.6	31.4	27.1
	HFO-1123	mass %	28.0	32.4	33.1	32.6	23.2	18.3
	R32	mass %	0.0	8.7	15.4	22.8	45.4	54.6

The results in Table 1 indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of THFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below line segments IK and KL that connect the following 3 points:
point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), and
point L (35.5, 27.5, 37.0);
the line segment IK is represented by coordinates
(0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00, −0.025zz+0.7429z+28.00, z), and
the line segment KL is represented by coordinates
(0.0098z²−1.238z+67.852, −0.0098z²+0.238z+32.148, z),
it can be determined that the refrigerant has WCF lower flammability.
For the points on the line segment IK, an approximate curve (x=0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00) was obtained from three points, i.e., I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5), and K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4) by using the least-square method to determine coordinates (x=0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00, y=100−z−x=−0.00922z²+0.2114z+32.443, z).
Likewise, for the points on the line segment KL, an approximate curve was determined from three points, i.e., K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), Example 10 (41.1, 31.2, 27.7), and L (35.5, 27.5, 37.0) by using the least-square method to determine coordinates.
The results in Table 146 indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below line segments MP and PQ that connect the following 3 points:
point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), and
point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),
it can be determined that the refrigerant has ASHRAE lower flammability.
In the above, the line segment MP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z), and the line segment PQ is represented by coordinates
(0.0135z²−0.9181z+44.133, −0.0135z²−0.0819z+55.867, z).
For the points on the line segment MP, an approximate curve was obtained from three points, i.e., points M, N, and P, by using the least-square method to determine coordinates. For the points on the line segment PQ, an approximate curve was obtained from three points, i.e., points P, U, and Q, by using the least-square method to determine coordinates.
The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in International Publication No. 2015/141678). The refrigerating capacity of compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.
The COP ratio and the refrigerating capacity (which may be referred to as “cooling capacity” or “capacity”) ratio relative to those of R410 of the mixed refrigerants were determined. The conditions for calculation were as described below.
Evaporating temperature: 5° C.
Condensation temperature: 45° C.
Degree of superheating: 5K
Degree of subcooling: 5K
Compressor efficiency: 70%
Tables 147 to 166 show these values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant.

TABLE 147

			Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative
		Comparative	Example 2	Example 3	Example 4	Example 5	Example 6	Example 7
Item	Unit	Example 1	A	B	A′	B′	A″	B″

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	R410A	90.5	0.0	81.6	0.0	63.0	0.0
HFO-1123	mass %		0.0	90.5	0.0	81.6	0.0	63.0
R32	mass %		9.5	9.5	18.4	18.4	37.0	37.0
GWP	—	2088	65	65	125	125	250	250
COP ratio	% (relative	100	99.1	92.0	98.7	93.4	98.7	96.1
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	100	102.2	111.6	105.3	113.7	110.0	115.4
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 148

		Comparative	Comparative		Example		Comparative
		Example 8	Example 9	Comparative	1	Example	Example 11
Item	Unit	O	C	Example 10	U	2	D

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	100.0	50.0	41.1	28.7	15.2	0.0
HFO-1123	mass %	0.0	31.6	34.6	41.2	52.7	67.0
R32	mass %	0.0	18.4	24.3	30.1	32.1	33.0
GWP	—	1	125	165	204	217	228
COP ratio	% (relative	99.7	96.0	96.0	96.0	96.0	96.0
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	98.3	109.9	111.7	113.5	114.8	115.4
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 149

		Comparative		Example	Example	Comparative
		Example 12	Comparative	3	4	Example 14
Item	Unit	E	Example 13	T	S	F

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	53.4	43.4	34.8	25.4	0.0
HFO-1123	mass %	46.6	47.1	51.0	56.2	74.1
R32	mass %	0.0	9.5	14.2	18.4	25.9
GWP	—	1	65	97	125	176
COP ratio	% (relative	94.5	94.5	94.5	94.5	94.5
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	105.6	109.2	110.8	112.3	114.8
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 150

		Comparative		Example		Comparative
		Example 15	Example	6	Example	Example 16
Item	Unit	G	5	R	7	H

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	38.5	31.5	23.1	16.9	0.0
HFO-1123	mass %	61.5	63.5	67.4	71.1	84.2
R32	mass %	0.0	5.0	9.5	12.0	15.8
GWP	—	1	35	65	82	107
COP ratio	% (relative	93.0	93.0	93.0	93.0	93.0
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	107.0	109.1	110.9	111.9	113.2
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 151

		Comparative	Example	Example		Comparative
		Example 17	8	9	Comparative	Example 19
Item	Unit	I	J	K	Example 18	L

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	72.0	57.7	48.4	41.1	35.5
HFO-1123	mass %	28.0	32.8	33.2	31.2	27.5
R32	mass %	0.0	9.5	18.4	27.7	37.0
GWP	—	1	65	125	188	250
COP ratio	% (relative	96.6	95.8	95.9	96.4	97.1
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	103.1	107.4	110.1	112.1	113.2
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 152

		Comparative	Exam-	Exam-	Exam-
		Example 20	ple 10	ple 11	ple 12
Item	Unit	M	N	P	Q

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	47.1	38.5	31.8	28.6
HFO-1123	mass %	52.9	52.1	49.8	34.4
R32	mass %	0.0	9.5	18.4	37.0
GWP	—	1	65	125	250
COP ratio	% (relative	93.9	94.1	94.7	96.9
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	106.2	109.7	112.0	114.1
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 153

		Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Example	Example	Example	Comparative	Comparative
Item	Unit	Example 22	Example 23	Example 24	14	15	16	Example 25	Example 26

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0	70.0	80.0
HFO-1123	mass %	85.0	75.0	65.0	55.0	45.0	35.0	25.0	15.0
R32	mass %	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0
GWP	—	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35
COP ratio	% (relative	91.7	92.2	92.9	93.7	94.6	95.6	96.7	97.7
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	110.1	109.8	109.2	108.4	107.4	106.1	104.7	103.1
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 154

		Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Example	Example	Example	Comparative	Comparative
Item	Unit	Example 27	Example 28	Example 29	17	18	19	Example 30	Example 31

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	90.0	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0	70.0
HFO-1123	mass %	5.0	80.0	70.0	60.0	50.0	40.0	30.0	20.0
R32	mass %	5.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0
GWP	—	35	68	68	68	68	68	68	68
COP ratio	% (relative	98.8	92.4	92.9	93.5	94.3	95.1	96.1	97.0
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	101.4	111.7	111.3	110.6	109.6	108.5	107.2	105.7
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 155

		Comparative	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Comparative	Comparative
Item	Unit	Example 32	20	21	22	23	24	Example 33	Example 34

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	80.0	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0	70.0
HFO-1123	mass %	10.0	75.0	65.0	55.0	45.0	35.0	25.0	15.0
R32	mass %	10.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0
GWP	—	68	102	102	102	102	102	102	102
COP ratio	% (relative	98.0	93.1	93.6	94.2	94.9	95.6	96.5	97.4
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	104.1	112.9	112.4	111.6	110.6	109.4	108.1	106.6
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 156

		Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative
Item	Unit	Example 35	Example 36	Example 37	Example 38	Example 39	Example 40	Example 41	Example 42

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	80.0	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0	70.0
HFO-1123	mass %	5.0	70.0	60.0	50.0	40.0	30.0	20.0	10.0
R32	mass %	15.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0
GWP	—	102	136	136	136	136	136	136	136
COP ratio	% (relative	98.3	93.9	94.3	94.8	95.4	96.2	97.0	97.8
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	105.0	113.8	113.2	112.4	111.4	110.2	108.8	107.3
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 157

		Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative
Item	Unit	Example 43	Example 44	Example 45	Example 46	Example 47	Example 48	Example 49	Example 50

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0	70.0	10.0
HFO-1123	mass %	65.0	55.0	45.0	35.0	25.0	15.0	5.0	60.0
R32	mass %	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	30.0
GWP	—	170	170	170	170	170	170	170	203
COP ratio	% (relative	94.6	94.9	95.4	96.0	96.7	97.4	98.2	95.3
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	114.4	113.8	113.0	111.9	110.7	109.4	107.9	114.8
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 158

		Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Example	Example	Comparative
Item	Unit	Example 51	Example 52	Example 53	Example 54	Example 55	25	26	Example 56

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0	60.0	10.0	20.0	30.0
HFO-1123	mass %	50.0	40.0	30.0	20.0	10.0	55.0	45.0	35.0
R32	mass %	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	35.0	35.0	35.0
GWP	—	203	203	203	203	203	237	237	237
COP ratio	% (relative	95.6	96.0	96.6	97.2	97.9	96.0	96.3	96.6
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	114.2	113.4	112.4	111.2	109.8	115.1	114.5	113.6
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 159

		Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative	Comparative
Item	Unit	Example 57	Example 58	Example 59	Example 60	Example 61	Example 62	Example 63	Example 64

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	40.0	50.0	60.0	10.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	50.0
HFO-1123	mass %	25.0	15.0	5.0	50.0	40.0	30.0	20.0	10.0
R32	mass %	35.0	35.0	35.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0
GWP	—	237	237	237	271	271	271	271	271
COP ratio	% (relative	97.1	97.7	98.3	96.6	96.9	97.2	97.7	98.2
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	112.6	111.5	110.2	115.1	114.6	113.8	112.8	111.7
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 160

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit
	27	28	29	30	31	32	33	34

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	38.0	40.0	42.0	44.0	35.0	37.0	39.0	41.0
HFO-1123	mass %	60.0	58.0	56.0	54.0	61.0	59.0	57.0	55.0
R32	mass %	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0
GWP	—	14	14	14	14	28	28	28	28
COP ratio	% (relative	93.2	93.4	93.6	93.7	93.2	93.3	93.5	93.7
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	107.7	107.5	107.3	107.2	108.6	108.4	108.2	108.0
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 161

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	35	36	37	38	39	40	41	42

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	43.0	31.0	33.0	35.0	37.0	39.0	41.0	27.0
HFO-1123	mass %	53.0	63.0	61.0	59.0	57.0	55.0	53.0	65.0
R32	mass %	4.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	8.0
GWP	—	28	41	41	41	41	41	41	55
COP ratio	% (relative	93.9	93.1	93.2	93.4	93.6	93.7	93.9	93.0
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	107.8	109.5	109.3	109.1	109.0	108.8	108.6	110.3
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 162

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	43	44	45	46	47	48	49	50

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	29.0	31.0	33.0	35.0	37.0	39.0	32.0	32.0
HFO-1123	mass %	63.0	61.0	59.0	57.0	55.0	53.0	51.0	50.0
R32	mass %	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	17.0	18.0
GWP	—	55	55	55	55	55	55	116	122
COP ratio	% (relative	93.2	93.3	93.5	93.6	93.8	94.0	94.5	94.7
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	110.1	110.0	109.8	109.6	109.5	109.3	111.8	111.9
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 163

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	51	52	53	54	55	56	57	58

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	30.0	27.0	21.0	23.0	25.0	27.0	11.0	13.0
HFO-1123	mass %	52.0	42.0	46.0	44.0	42.0	40.0	54.0	52.0
R32	mass %	18.0	31.0	33.0	33.0	33.0	33.0	35.0	35.0
GWP	—	122	210	223	223	223	223	237	237
COP ratio	% (relative	94.5	96.0	96.0	96.1	96.2	96.3	96.0	96.0
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	112.1	113.7	114.3	114.2	114.0	113.8	115.0	114.9
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 164

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit
	59	60	61	62	63	64	65	66

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	15.0	17.0	19.0	21.0	23.0	25.0	27.0	11.0
HFO-1123	mass %	50.0	48.0	46.0	44.0	42.0	40.0	38.0	52.0
R32	mass %	35.0	35.0	35.0	35.0	35.0	35.0	35.0	37.0
GWP	—	237	237	237	237	237	237	237	250
COP ratio	% (relative	96.1	96.2	96.2	96.3	96.4	96.4	96.5	96.2
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	114.8	114.7	114.5	114.4	114.2	114.1	113.9	115.1
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 165

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	67	68	69	70	71	72	73	74

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	13.0	15.0	17.0	15.0	17.0	19.0	21.0	23.0
HFO-1123	mass %	50.0	48.0	46.0	50.0	48.0	46.0	44.0	42.0
R32	mass %	37.0	37.0	37.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GWP	—	250	250	250	237	237	237	237	237
COP ratio	% (relative	96.3	96.4	96.4	96.1	96.2	96.2	96.3	96.4
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	115.0	114.9	114.7	114.8	114.7	114.5	114.4	114.2
capacity ratio	to R410A)

TABLE 166

		Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example	Example
Item	Unit	75	76	77	78	79	80	81	82

HFO-1132(E)	mass %	25.0	27.0	11.0	19.0	21.0	23.0	25.0	27.0
HFO-1123	mass %	40.0	38.0	52.0	44.0	42.0	40.0	38.0	36.0
R32	mass %	0.0	0.0	0.0	37.0	37.0	37.0	37.0	37.0
GWP	—	237	237	250	250	250	250	250	250
COP ratio	% (relative	96.4	96.5	96.2	96.5	96.5	96.6	96.7	96.8
	to R410A)
Refrigerating	% (relative	114.1	113.9	115.1	114.6	114.5	114.3	114.1	114.0
capacity ratio	to R410A)

The above results indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x,y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, and the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments that connect the following 4 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
point A″ (63.0, 0.0, 37.0),
point B″ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0), and
point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0),
or on these line segments,
the refrigerant has a GWP of 250 or less.
The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments that connect the following 4 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
point A′ (81.6, 0.0, 18.4),
point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4), and
point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0),
or on these line segments,
the refrigerant has a GWP of 125 or less.
The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments that connect the following 4 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
point A (90.5, 0.0, 9.5),
point B (0.0, 90.5, 9.5), and
point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0),
or on these line segments,
the refrigerant has a GWP of 65 or less.
The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3 points:
point C (50.0, 31.6, 18.4),
point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1), and
point D (52.2, 38.3, 9.5),
or on these line segments,
the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 96% or more relative to that of R410A.
In the above, the line segment CU is represented by coordinates (−0.0538z²+0.7888z+53.701, 0.0538z−1.7888z+46.299, z), and the line segment UD is represented by coordinates
(−3.4962z²+210.71z−3146.1, 3.4962z²−211.71z+3246.1, z).
The points on the line segment CU are determined from three points, i.e., point C, Comparative Example 10, and point U, by using the least-square method.
The points on the line segment UD are determined from three points, i.e., point U, Example 2, and point D, by using the least-square method.
The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3 points:
point E (55.2, 44.8, 0.0),
point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2), and
point F (0.0, 76.7, 23.3),
or on these line segments,
the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 94.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
In the above, the line segment ET is represented by coordinates (−0.0547z²−0.5327z+53.4, 0.0547z²−0.4673z+46.6, z), and the line segment TF is represented by coordinates
(−0.0982z²+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z²−1.9622z+59.069, z).
The points on the line segment ET are determined from three points, i.e., point E, Example 2, and point T, by using the least-square method.
The points on the line segment TF are determined from three points, i.e., points T, S, and F, by using the least-square method.
The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3 points:
point G (0.0, 76.7, 23.3),
point R (21.0, 69.5, 9.5), and
point H (0.0, 85.9, 14.1),
or on these line segments,
the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A.
In the above, the line segment GR is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and the line segment RH is represented by coordinates
(−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z).
The points on the line segment GR are determined from three points, i.e., point G, Example 5, and point R, by using the least-square method.
The points on the line segment RH are determined from three points, i.e., point R, Example 7, and point H, by using the least-square method.
In contrast, as shown in, for example, Comparative Examples 8, 9, 13, 15, 17, and 18, when R32 is not contained, the concentrations of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123, which have a double bond, become relatively high; this undesirably leads to deterioration, such as decomposition, or polymerization in the refrigerant compound.

(6) First Embodiment

In a first embodiment, an air conditioning apparatus 10 that is an example of a refrigeration cycle apparatus is described. The refrigeration cycle apparatus represents any of all apparatuses that are operated with refrigeration cycles. The refrigeration cycle apparatuses include an air conditioner, a dehumidifier, a heat pump warm-water supply apparatus, a refrigerator, a refrigeration apparatus for freezing, a cooling apparatus for manufacturing process, and so forth.
The air conditioning apparatus 10 is a separate air conditioning apparatus including an outdoor unit (not illustrated) and an indoor unit (not illustrated) and configured to switch the operation between cooling operation and heating operation.
As illustrated in FIG. 16, the air conditioning apparatus 10 includes a refrigerant circuit 20 that performs a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The refrigerant circuit 20 includes an outdoor circuit 20 a installed in the outdoor unit, and an indoor circuit 20 b installed in the indoor unit. In the outdoor circuit 20 a, a compressor 21, an outdoor heat exchanger 23, an outdoor expansion valve 24, a four-way valve 22, a bridge circuit 31, and a gas-liquid separator 25 are connected. The outdoor heat exchanger 23 constitutes a heat-source-side heat exchanger. In contrast, in the indoor circuit 20 b, an indoor heat exchanger 27 and an indoor expansion valve 26 are connected. The indoor heat exchanger 27 constitutes a use-side heat exchanger. A discharge pipe 45 of the compressor 21 is connected to a first port P1 of the four-way valve 22. A suction pipe 46 of the compressor 21 is connected to a second port P2 of the four-way valve 22.
An inflow pipe 36, an outflow pipe 37, and an injection pipe 38 are connected to the gas-liquid separator 25. The inflow pipe 36 is open at an upper portion of the inner space of the gas-liquid separator 25. The outflow pipe 37 is open at a lower portion of the inner space of the gas-liquid separator 25. The injection pipe 38 is open at an upper portion of the inner space of the gas-liquid separator 25. In the gas-liquid separator 25, the refrigerant which has flowed in from the inflow pipe 36 is separated into a saturated liquid and a saturated gas, the saturated liquid flows out from the outflow pipe 37, and the saturated gas flows out from the injection pipe 38. The inflow pipe 36 and the outflow pipe 37 are connected to the bridge circuit 31. The injection pipe 38 is connected to an intermediate connection pipe 47 of the compressor 21.
The refrigerant in the saturated gas state which has flowed out from the injection pipe 38 is injected into a compression chamber with an intermediate pressure of a compression mechanism 32 via an intermediate port. In this embodiment, the inflow pipe 36, the outflow pipe 37, the injection pipe 38, and the gas-liquid separator 25 supply the refrigerant in the saturated liquid state, which is included in the refrigerant which has flowed out from the outdoor heat exchanger 23 during cooling operation and which has been decompressed to have the intermediate pressure in the refrigeration cycle, to the indoor heat exchanger 27, to constitute an injection circuit 15 for supplying the refrigerant in the saturated gas state to the compressor 21.
The bridge circuit 31 is a circuit in which a first check valve CV1, a second check valve CV2, a third check valve CV3, and a fourth check valve CV4 are connected in a bridge form. In the bridge circuit 31, a connection end located on the inflow side of the first check valve CV1 and on the inflow side of the second check valve CV2 is connected to the outflow pipe 37. A connection end located on the outflow side of the second check valve CV2 and on the inflow side of the third check valve CV3 is connected to the indoor heat exchanger 27. The refrigerant pipe that connects the connection end to the indoor heat exchanger 27 is provided with the indoor expansion valve 26 of which the opening degree is changeable. A connection end located on the outflow side of the third check valve CV3 and on the outflow side of the fourth check valve CV4 is connected to the inflow pipe 36. A connection end located on the outflow side of the first check valve CV1 and on the inflow side of the fourth check valve CV4 is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 23.
During cooling operation, the four-way valve 22 is set in a state (a state indicated by solid lines in FIG. 16) in which the first port P1 and the third port P3 communicate with each other, and the second port P2 and the fourth port P4 communicate with each other. When the compressor 21 is operated in this state, a cooling operation is performed such that the outdoor heat exchanger 23 operates as a condenser and the indoor heat exchanger 27 operates as an evaporator in the refrigerant circuit 20.
During heating operation, the four-way valve 22 is set in a state (a state indicated by broken lines in FIG. 16) in which the first port P1 and the fourth port P4 communicate with each other, and the second port P2 and the third port P3 communicate with each other. When the compressor 21 is operated in this state, a heating operation is performed such that the outdoor heat exchanger 23 operates as an evaporator and the indoor heat exchanger 27 operates as a condenser in the refrigerant circuit 20.
The outdoor heat exchanger 23 is constituted of a microchannel heat exchanger (also referred to as micro heat exchanger) having formed therein a microchannel 13 that serves as a flow path of a refrigerant. The microchannel 13 is a fine flow path (a flow path having a very small flow path area) fabricated by using, for example, micro-fabricating technology. In general, a heat exchanger having the microchannel 13 that is a flow path having a diameter of several millimeters or less which exhibits an effect of surface tension is called microchannel heat exchanger.
Specifically, as illustrated in FIG. 17, the outdoor heat exchanger 23 includes a plurality of flat tubes 16 and a pair of headers 17 and 18. The pair of headers 17 and 18 are constituted of tubular hermetically sealed containers. As illustrated in FIG. 18, each flat tube 16 has formed therein a plurality of microchannels 13. The plurality of microchannels 13 are formed at a predetermined pitch in the width direction of the flat tube 16. Each flat tube 16 is fixed to the pair of headers 17 and 18 such that one end of each microchannel 13 is open in the one header 17, and the other end of the microchannel 13 is open in the other header 18. Moreover, a wave-shaped metal plate 19 is provided between the flat tubes 16.
An outdoor fan 28 is provided near the outdoor heat exchanger 23. In the outdoor heat exchanger 23, the outdoor air supplied by the outdoor fan 28 flows through gaps formed by the flat tubes 16 and the metal plates 19. The outdoor air flows in the width direction of the flat tubes 16.
In the outdoor heat exchanger 23, the one header 17 is connected to the third port P3 of the four-way valve 22, and the other header 18 is connected to the bridge circuit 31. In the outdoor heat exchanger 23, the refrigerant which has flowed into one of the headers 17 and 18 is distributed to the plurality of microchannels 13, and the refrigerant which has passed through each of the microchannels 13 is joined in the other one of the headers 17 and 18. Each microchannel 13 serves as a refrigerant flow path through which the refrigerant flows. In the outdoor heat exchanger 23, the refrigerant flowing through each microchannel 13 exchanges heat with the outdoor air.
The indoor heat exchanger 27 is constituted of a microcchanel heat exchanger. The indoor heat exchanger 27 has the same structure as the outdoor heat exchanger 23, and hence the description on the structure of the indoor heat exchanger 27 is omitted. An indoor fan 29 is provided near the indoor heat exchanger 27. In the indoor heat exchanger 27, the refrigerant flowing through each microchannel 13 exchanges heat with the indoor air supplied by the indoor fan 29. In the indoor heat exchanger 27, the one header 17 is connected to the fourth port P4 of the four-way valve 22, and the other header 18 is connected to the bridge circuit 31.
In the present embodiment, the outdoor heat exchanger 23 and the indoor heat exchanger 27 are constituted of microchannel heat exchangers. The capacity of the inside of the microchannel heat exchanger is smaller than that of a heat exchanger of another structure type having equivalent performance (for example, cross-fin type fin-and-tube heat exchanger). Hence, the total capacity of the inside of the refrigerant circuit 20 can be decreased compared with a refrigeration cycle apparatus using a heat exchanger of another structure type.
Regarding resistance to pressure and resistance to corrosion, “0.9 mm flat-tube thickness (a vertical height h16 of the flat tube 16 illustrated in FIG. 18) 4.0 mm” is preferably established; and regarding heat exchange capacity, “8.0 mm flat-tube thickness (a horizontal width W16 of the flat tube 16 illustrated in FIG. 18) 25.0 mm” is preferably established.
In the present embodiment, the refrigerant circuit 20 is filled with a refrigerant for performing a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The refrigerant is a mixed refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, and can use any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E.

(7) Second Embodiment

As illustrated in FIG. 19, an outdoor heat exchanger 125 includes a heat exchange section 195 and header collection pipes 191 and 192. The heat exchange section 195 includes a plurality of flat perforated tubes 193 and a plurality of insertion fins 194. The flat perforated tubes 193 are an example of a flat tube. The outdoor heat exchanger 125 is included in a refrigerant circuit of a refrigeration cycle apparatus. The refrigerant circuit of the refrigeration cycle apparatus includes a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser, and an expansion valve. In heating operation, the outdoor heat exchanger 125 functions as an evaporator in the refrigerant circuit of the refrigeration cycle apparatus. In cooling operation, the outdoor heat exchanger 125 functions as a condenser in the refrigerant circuit of the refrigeration cycle apparatus.
FIG. 20 is a partly enlarged view of the heat exchange section 195 when the flat perforated tubes 193 and the insertion fins 194 are cut in the vertical direction. The flat perforated tubes 193 function as a heat transfer tube, and transfers heat which shifts between the insertion fins 194 and the outdoor air to the refrigerant flowing thereinside.
Each of the flat perforated tubes 193 includes side surface portions serving as heat transfer surfaces, and a plurality of inner flow paths 193 a through which the refrigerant flows. The flat perforated tubes 193 are arranged in a plurality of stages at intervals in a state in which a side surface portion of a flat perforated tube 193 vertically faces a side surface portion of another flat perforated tube 193 disposed next to the former flat perforated tube 193. The insertion fins 194 are a plurality of fins each having a shape illustrated in FIG. 20 and connected to the flat perforated tubes 193. Each of the insertion fins 194 has a plurality of cutouts 194 a extending horizontally narrow and long so that the insertion fin 194 is inserted onto the flat perforated tubes 193 arranged in the plurality of stages between the header collection pipes 191 and 192. As illustrated in FIG. 20, the shape of each cutout 194 a of the insertion fins 194 corresponds to the external shape of a cross section of each flat perforated tube 193.
Here, a case where a coupling portion 194 b of the insertion fin 194 is disposed on the leeward side has been described. In this case, the coupling portion 194 b is a portion of the insertion fin 194 linearly coupled without a cutout 194 a. In the outdoor heat exchanger 125, however, the coupling portion 194 b of the insertion fin 194 may be disposed on the windward side. When the coupling portion 194 b is disposed on the windward side, the wind is dehumidified first by the insertion fin 194 and then the wind hits the flat perforated tubes 193.
Here, a case where the heat exchanger illustrated in FIG. 19 is used for the outdoor heat exchanger 125. However, the heat exchanger illustrated in FIG. 19 may be used for an indoor heat exchanger. When an insertion fin is used for an indoor heat exchanger, the coupling portion of the insertion fin may be disposed on the leeward side. In this way, in the indoor heat exchanger, when the coupling portion of the insertion fin is disposed on the leeward side, a spray of water can be prevented.
Regarding resistance to pressure and resistance to corrosion, “0.9 mm flat-tube thickness (a vertical height h193 of the flat perforated tube 193 illustrated in FIG. 20) 4.0 mm” is preferably established; and regarding heat exchange capacity, “8.0 mm flat-tube thickness (a horizontal width W193 of the flat perforated tube 193 illustrated in FIG. 20) 25.0 mm” is preferably established.
In the present embodiment, the refrigerant circuit including the outdoor heat exchanger 125 is filled with a refrigerant for performing a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The refrigerant is a mixed refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, and can use any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E.

(8) Third Embodiment

An inner-surface grooved tube 201 is inserted into through holes 211 a of a plurality of plate fins 211 that are illustrated in FIG. 24 and that are disposed in parallel to each other. Next, a pipe expanding tool (not illustrated) is press fitted into the inner-surface grooved tube 201. Accordingly, the inner-surface grooved tube 201 is expanded, the clearance between the inner-surface grooved tube 201 and the plate fin 211 is eliminated, thereby increasing the degree of close contact between the inner-surface grooved tube 201 and the plate fin 211. Next, the pipe expanding tool is removed from the inner-surface grooved tube 201. Accordingly, a heat exchanger in which the inner-surface grooved tube 201 is joined to the plate fin 211 without a gap is manufactured.
The inner-surface grooved tube 201 is used for a plate fin-and-tube heat exchanger of a refrigeration cycle apparatus, such as either of an air conditioner and a refrigeration air conditioning apparatus. The plate fin-and-tube heat exchanger is included in a refrigerant circuit of the refrigeration cycle apparatus. The refrigerant circuit of the refrigeration cycle apparatus includes a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser, and an expansion valve. In heating operation, the plate fin-and-tube heat exchanger functions as an evaporator in the refrigerant circuit of the refrigeration cycle apparatus. In cooling operation, the plate fin-and-tube heat exchanger functions as a condenser in the refrigerant circuit of the refrigeration cycle apparatus.
The inner-surface grooved tube 201 having a pipe outer diameter D201 of a pipe of 4 mm or more and 10 mm or less is used. The original tube of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 uses a material of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The method of forming an inner-surface grooved shape of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 may be component rolling, rolling, or the like, however, is not limited thereby.
As illustrated in FIGS. 21, 22, and 23, the inner-surface grooved tube 201 includes multiple grooves 202 formed in the inner surface thereof in a direction inclined toward a pipe-axis direction, and in-pipe fins 203 formed between the grooves 202. The number of the grooves 202 is 30 or more and 100 or less. A groove lead angle θ201 formed between each groove 202 and the pipe axis is 10 degrees or more and 50 degrees or less. A bottom thickness T201 of each inner-surface grooved tube 201 in a section orthogonal to the pipe axis (cut along line I-I) of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 is 0.2 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less. A fin height h201 of each in-pipe fin is 0.1 mm or more and is 1.2 times the bottom thickness T201 or less. A fin-thread vertex angle 6201 is 5 degrees or more and 45 degrees or less. A fin-root radius r201 is 20% or more and 50% or less of the fin height h201.
Next, limitations on numerical values of the inner-surface groove shape of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 are described.
(8-1) Number of Grooves: 30 or More and 100 or Less
The number of grooves is properly determined with regard to heat transfer performance, individual weight, and so forth, in combination with respective specifications (described later) of the inner-surface groove shape, and is preferably 30 or more and 100 or less. If the number of grooves is less than 30, groove moldability likely decreases. If the number of grooves is more than 100, a grooving tool (grooving plug) is likely chipped. In either case, volume productivity of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 likely decreases.
Furthermore, when the inner-surface grooved tube 201 is used for the outdoor heat exchanger and the indoor heat exchanger included in the refrigerant circuit of the refrigeration cycle apparatus, it is preferably satisfied that the number of grooves of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 of the outdoor heat exchanger>the number of grooves of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 of the indoor heat exchanger. Accordingly, in-pipe pressure loss of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 can be decreased, and heat transfer performance thereof can be increased.
(8-2) Groove Lead Angle θ201: 10 Degrees or More and 50 Degrees or Less
The groove lead angle θ201 is preferably 10 degrees or more and 50 degrees or less. If the groove lead angle θ201 is less than 10 degrees, heat transfer performance of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 (heat exchanger) likely decreases. If the groove lead angle θ201 is more than 50 degrees, it may be difficult to suppress deformation of the in-pipe fin 203 due to ensuring of volume productivity and expansion of the diameter of the inner-surface grooved tube 201.
Furthermore, when the inner-surface grooved tube 201 is used for the outdoor heat exchanger and the indoor heat exchanger included in the refrigerant circuit of the refrigeration cycle apparatus, it is preferably satisfied that the groove lead angle of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 of the outdoor heat exchanger<the number of grooves of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 of the indoor heat exchanger. Accordingly, in-pipe pressure loss of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 can be decreased, and heat transfer performance thereof can be increased.
(8-3) Bottom Thickness T201: 0.2 mm or More and 1.0 mm or Less
The bottom thickness T201 is preferably 0.2 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less. If the bottom thickness T201 is outside the range, it may be difficult to manufacture the inner-surface grooved tube 201. If the bottom thickness T201 is 0.2 mm or less, the strength of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 likely decreases, and it is likely difficult to keep the strength of resistance to pressure.
(8-4) Fin Height h201: 0.1 mm or More and (Bottom Thickness T201×1.2) mm or Less
The fin height h201 is preferably 0.1 mm or more and (bottom thickness T201×1.2) mm or less. If the fin height h201 is less than 0.1 mm, heat transfer performance of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 (heat exchanger) likely decreases. If the fin height h201 is more than (bottom thickness T201×1.2) mm, it may be difficult to suppress significant deformation of the in-pipe fin 203 due to ensuring of volume productivity and expansion of the diameter of the inner-surface grooved tube 201.
Furthermore, when the inner-surface grooved tube 201 is used for the outdoor heat exchanger and the indoor heat exchanger included in the refrigerant circuit of the refrigeration cycle apparatus, it is preferably satisfied that the fin height h201 of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 of the outdoor heat exchanger>the fin height h201 of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 of the indoor heat exchanger. Accordingly, in-pipe pressure loss of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 can be decreased, and heat transfer performance of the outdoor heat exchanger can be further increased.
(8-5) Thread Vertex Angle δ201: 5 Degrees or More and 45 Degrees or Less
The thread vertex angle 6201 is preferably 5 degrees or more and 45 degrees or less. If the thread vertex angle 6201 is less than 5 degrees, it may be difficult to suppress deformation of the in-pipe fin 203 due to ensuring of volume productivity and expansion of the diameter of the inner-surface grooved tube 201. If the thread vertex angle 6201 is more than 45 degrees, maintenance of heat transfer performance of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 (heat exchanger) and the individual weight of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 likely become excessive.
(8-6) Fin-root Radius r201: 20% or More and 50% or Less of Fin Height h201
The fin-root radius r201 is preferably 20% or more and 50% or less of the fin height h201. If the fin-root radius r201 is less than 20% of the fin height h201, fin inclination due to the pipe expansion likely becomes excessive, and volume productivity likely decreases. If the fin-root radius r201 is more than 50% of the fin height h201, the effective heat transfer area of the refrigerant gas-liquid interface likely decreases, and heat transfer performance of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 (heat exchanger) likely decreases.
In the present embodiment, the refrigerant circuit including the plate fin-and-tube heat exchanger using the inner-surface grooved tube 201 is filled with a refrigerant for performing a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The refrigerant is a mixed refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, and can use any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E.

(9) Characteristics

The air conditioning apparatus 10 that is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first embodiment, the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the second embodiment, and the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the third embodiment each include a flammable refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene, an evaporator that evaporates the refrigerant, and a condenser that condenses the refrigerant. The refrigeration cycle apparatuses are constituted such that the refrigerant repeats a refrigeration cycle by circulating through the evaporator and the condenser.
According to the first embodiment, the outdoor heat exchanger 23 is one of the evaporator and the condenser, and the indoor heat exchanger 27 is the other one of the evaporator and the condenser; and the outdoor heat exchanger 23 and the indoor heat exchanger 27 each include the metal plates 19 serving as a plurality of fins made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and the flat tubes 16 serving as a plurality of heat transfer tubes made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The outdoor heat exchanger 23 and the indoor heat exchanger 27 are each a heat exchanger that causes the refrigerant flowing inside the heat transfer tubes 16 and the air which is a fluid flowing along the metal plates 19 to exchange heat with each other. The flat tube 16 includes a flat surface portion 16 a illustrated in FIG. 18. In each of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 and the indoor heat exchanger 27, the flat surface portions 16 a of the flat tubes 16 that are disposed next to each other face each other. Each of the plurality of metal plates 19 is bent in a waveform, and disposed between the flat surface portions 16 a of the flat tubes 16 disposed next to each other. Each metal plate 19 is connected to the flat surface portions 16 a to be able to transfer heat to the flat surface portions 16 a.
According to the second embodiment, the outdoor heat exchanger 125 is one of the evaporator and the condenser, and includes the plurality of insertion fins 194 made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and the flat perforated tubes 193 serving as a plurality of heat transfer tubes made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The outdoor heat exchanger 125 is a heat exchanger that causes the refrigerant flowing inside the flat perforated tube 193 and the air which is a fluid flowing along the insertion fin 194 to exchange heat with each other. The flat perforated tube 193 have the flat surface portions 193 b illustrated in FIG. 20. In the outdoor heat exchanger 125, the flat surface portions 193 b of the flat perforated tubes 193 that are disposed next to each other face each other. Each of the plurality of insertion fins 194 has a plurality of cutouts 194 a. The plurality of flat perforated tubes 193 are inserted into the plurality of cutouts 194 a of the plurality of insertion fins 194 and connected thereto to be able to transfer heat to the plurality of insertion fins 194.
According to the third embodiment, the heat exchanger including the plurality of plate fins 211 made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and the inner-surface grooved tubes 201 serving as a plurality of heat transfer tubes made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy is one of the evaporator and the condenser. The heat exchanger is a heat exchanger that causes the refrigerant flowing inside the inner-surface grooved tube 201 and the air which is a fluid flowing along the plate fins 211 to exchange heat with each other. Each of the plurality of plate fins 211 has the plurality of through holes 211 a. In the heat exchanger, the plurality of inner-surface grooved tubes 201 penetrate through the plurality of through holes 211 a of the plurality of plate fins 211. The outer peripheries of the plurality of inner-surface grooved tubes 201 are in close contact with the inner peripheries of the plurality of through holes 211 a.
In the above-described refrigeration cycle apparatus, the heat exchanger includes the metal plates 19, the insertion fins 194, or the plate fins 211 serving as a plurality of fins made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy; and the flat tubes 16, the flat perforated tubes 193, or the inner-surface grooved tubes 201 serving as a plurality of heat transfer tubes made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. Since the refrigeration cycle apparatus has such a configuration, for example, as compared to a case where a heat transfer tube uses a copper pipe, the material cost of the heat exchanger can be decreased.
The embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above, and it is understood that the embodiments and details can be modified in various ways without departing from the idea and scope of the present disclosure described in the claims.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

- 10 air conditioning apparatus (example of refrigeration cycle apparatus)
- 16 flat tube (example of heat transfer tube)
- 16 a, 193 b flat surface portion
- 19 metal plate (example of fin)
- 23, 125 outdoor heat exchanger (example of evaporator, and example of condenser)
- 27 indoor heat exchanger (example of evaporator, example of condenser)
- 193 flat perforated tube (example of heat transfer tube, example of flat tube)
- 194 insertion fin
- 194 a cutout
- 201 inner-surface grooved tube (example of heat transfer tube)
- 211 plate fin
- 211 a through hole

CITATION LIST

Patent Literature

PTL 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 11-256358

Claims

1. A refrigeration cycle apparatus comprising:

a flammable refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene;

an evaporator that evaporates the refrigerant; and

a condenser that condenses the refrigerant,

wherein at least one of the evaporator and the condenser is a heat exchanger that includes a plurality of fins made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and a plurality of heat transfer tubes made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and that causes the refrigerant flowing inside the heat transfer tubes and a fluid flowing along the fins to exchange heat with each other, and

wherein the refrigerant repeats a refrigeration cycle by circulating through the evaporator and the condenser.

2. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein

each of the plurality of fins has a plurality of holes,

the plurality of heat transfer tubes penetrate through the plurality of holes of the plurality of fins, and

outer peripheries of the plurality of heat transfer tubes are in close contact with inner peripheries of the plurality of holes.

3. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein

the plurality of heat transfer tubes are a plurality of flat tubes, and

flat surface portions of the flat tubes that are disposed next to each other face each other.

4. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 3, wherein

each of the plurality of fins is bent in a waveform, disposed between the flat surface portions of the flat tubes disposed next to each other, and connected to the flat surface portions to be able to transfer heat to the flat surface portions.

5. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 3, wherein

each of the plurality of fins has the plurality of cutouts, and

the plurality of flat tubes are inserted into the plurality of cutouts of the plurality of fins and connected thereto to be able to transfer heat to the plurality of fins.

6. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1,

wherein

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).

7. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 6,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:

point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),

point C′(19.5, 70.5, 10.0),

point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD, CO, and OA);

the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.

8. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 6,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments GI, IA, AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CG that connect the following 8 points:

point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),

point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),

point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),

point C′(19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and

point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments IA, BD, and CG);

the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.

9. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 6,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:

point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),

point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1),

point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),

point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and

point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD and CJ);

the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x²−29.955x+931.91, −0.2421x²+28.955x−831.91),

the line segment KA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.

10. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 6,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:

point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),

point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),

point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),

point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and

point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),

the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43)

the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.

11. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 6,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TP that connect the following 7 points:

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),

point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),

point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and

point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment BF);

the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2),

the line segment TP is represented by coordinates 0.00672x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x²−0.2393x+36.475), and

the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.

12. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 6,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP that connect the following 4 points:

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),

point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),

point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and

point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9),

or on the above line segments;

the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (0.00672x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x²−0.2393x+36.475), and

the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.

13. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 6,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TS that connect the following 6 points:

point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1),

point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and

point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),

or on the above line segments,

the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (−0.0017x²−0.7869x+70.888, −0.0017x²−0.2131x+29.112), and

the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.

14. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1,

wherein

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and

the refrigerant comprises 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.

15. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1,

wherein

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and

the refrigerant comprises 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.

16. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1,

wherein

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32),

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,

if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD′, D′C, and CG that connect the following 6 points:

point G (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0),

point I (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0),

point A (0.0134a²−1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, −0.0134a²+0.9681a+31.4),

point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3),

point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6), and

point C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI, AB, and D′C (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, point D′, and point C);

if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0),

point I (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895),

point A (0.0112a²−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a²+0.9337a+31.516),

point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801), and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point Q point I, point A, point B, and point W);

if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0),

point I (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273),

point A (0.0107a²−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a²+0.9142a+31.695),

point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682), and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0),

point I (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014),

point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207),

point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714), and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point Q point I, point A, point B, and point W); and

if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098, 0.0),

point I (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098),

point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9),

point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05), and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point Q point I, point A, point B, and point W).

17. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1,

wherein

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (IFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (IFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32),

wherein

when the mass % of IFO-1132(E), IFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,

if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of IFO-1132(E), IFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BD′, D′C, and CJ that connect the following 5 points:

point J (0.0049a²−0.9645a+47.1, −0.0049a²−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0),

point K′ (0.0514a²−2.4353a+61.7, −0.0323a²+0.4122a+5.9, −0.0191a²+1.0231a+32.4),

point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3),

point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6), and

point C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′, K′B, and D′C (excluding point J, point B, point D′, and point C);

if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:

point J (0.0243a²−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a²+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0),

point K′ (0.0341a²−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a²+0.34a+5.636, −0.0105a²+0.8577a+33.177),

point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801), and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);

if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:

point J (0.0246a²−1.4476a+50.184, −0.0246a²+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0),

point K′ (0.0196a²−1.7863a+58.515, −0.0079a²−0.1136a+8.702, −0.0117a²+0.8999a+32.783),

point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682), and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:

point J (0.0183a²−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a²+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0),

point K′ (−0.0051a²+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a²−1.0929a+74.05),

point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207),

point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714), and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W); and

if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:

point J (−0.0134a²+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a²−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0),

point K′(−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557),

point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9),

point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05), and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W).

18. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1,

wherein

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (IFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),

wherein

when the mass % of IFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of IFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments J, JN, NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:

point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),

point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),

point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and

point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI;

the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.0236y²−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y²+0.7616y+28.0);

the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y²−1.9003y+58.3, y, −0.012y²+0.9003y+41.7); and

the line segments JN and EI are straight lines.

19. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1,

wherein

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (IFO-1132(E)),

difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of IFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM′, M′N, NV, VQ and GM that connect the following 5 points:

point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),

point M′ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8),

point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),

point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and

point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);

the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132²−3.34y+52.6, y, −0.132y²+2.34y+47.4);

the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates (0.0596y²−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y²+1.2541y+51.02);

the line segment VG is represented by coordinates (0.0123y²−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y²+0.8033y+60.4); and

the line segments NV and GM are straight lines.

20. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1,

wherein

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),

difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3 points:

point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),

point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and

point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),

or on these line segments;

the line segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y²−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y²−0.3299y+62.488);

the line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y²−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y²+0.7403y+43.365); and

the line segment UO is a straight line.

21. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1,

wherein

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points:

point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),

point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),

point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),

point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and

point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),

or on these line segments;

the line segment QR is represented by coordinates (0.0099y²−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y²+0.975y+15.235);

the line segment RT is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874);

the line segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y²−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y²−0.1158y+38.512);

the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates (0.0095y²−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y²+0.2222y+32.324); and

the line segment TL is a straight line.

22. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:

point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),

point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and

point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),

or on these line segments;

the line segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y²−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y²−0.2897y+59.9);

the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y−0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874); and

the line segment TP is a straight line.

23. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1,

wherein

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32),

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IK, KB′, B′H, HR, RQ and GI that connect the following 6 points:

point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),

point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4),

point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),

point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),

point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and

point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GI);

the line segment IK is represented by coordinates

(0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.0, z),

the line segment HR is represented by coordinates

(−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates

(−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments KB′ and GI are straight lines.

24. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JR, RQ and GI that connect the following 4 points:

point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),

point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5),

point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and

point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GI);

the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates

(0.025z²−1.7429z+72.0, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.0, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates

(−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.

25. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MP, PB′, B′H, HR, RQ and GM that connect the following 6 points:

point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),

point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),

point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),

point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),

point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and

point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GM);

the line segment MP is represented by coordinates

(0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z),

the line segment HR is represented by coordinates

(−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates

(−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments PB′ and GM are straight lines.

26. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MN, NR, RQ and GM that connect the following 4 points:

point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),

point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5),

point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and

point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);

the line segment MN is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.

27. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:

point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),

point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and

point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2),

or on these line segments;

the line segment ST is represented by coordinates

(−0.0982z²+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z²−1.9622z+59.069, z),

the line segment TP is represented by coordinates

(0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z), and

the line segment PS is a straight line.

28. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1,

wherein

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (FO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32),

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QB″, B″D, DU, and UQ that connect the following 4 points:

point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),

point B″ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0),

point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and

point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment B″D);

the line segment DU is represented by coordinates

(−3.4962z²+210.71z−3146.1, 3.4962z²−211.71z+3246.1, z),

the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates

(0.0135z²−0.9181z+44.133, −0.0135z²−0.0819z+55.867, z), and

the line segments QB″ and B″D are straight lines.