Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
  • A61K31/506—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
  • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
  • A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia

Definitions

• CDK7 cyclin-dependent kinase family play critical regulatory roles in proliferation.
• CDK7 has consolidated kinase activities, regulating both the cell cycle and transcription.
• CDK7 exists as a heterotrimeric complex and is believed to function as a CDK1/2-activating kinase (CAK), whereby phosphorylation of conserved residues in CDK1/2 by CDK7 is required for full catalytic CDK activity and cell cycle progression.
• CAK CDK1/2-activating kinase
• CDK7 forms the kinase core of the RNA polymerase (RNAP) II general transcription factor complex and is charged with phosphorylating the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNAP II, a requisite step in gene transcriptional initiation
• RNAP RNA polymerase
• CTD C-terminal domain
• RNAP II CTD phosphorylation has been shown to preferentially affect proteins with short half-lives, including those of the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family. Cancer cells have demonstrated the ability to circumvent pro-cell death signaling through upregulation of BCL-2 family members. Therefore, inhibition of human CDK7 kinase activity is likely to result in anti-proliferative activity.
• the present invention provides CDK inhibitors, more particularly CDK7, CDK12, and CDK13 inhibitors, and in particular selective CDK7 inhibitors of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, hydrates, tautomers, stereoisomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, and compositions thereof.
• the present invention further provides methods of using the compounds of the invention, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, hydrates, tautomers, stereoisomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, and compositions thereof, to study the inhibition of CDK7 and other CDK family members, and as therapeutics for the prevention and/or treatment of diseases associated with overexpression and/or aberrant activity of CDK7 and other CDK family members.
• the inventive compounds are used for the prevention and/or treatment of proliferative diseases (e.g., cancers (e.g., leukemia, melanoma, multiple myeloma), benign neoplasms, angiogenesis, inflammatory diseases, autoinflammatory diseases, and autoimmune diseases) in a subject.
• proliferative diseases e.g., cancers (e.g., leukemia, melanoma, multiple myeloma), benign neoplasms, angiogenesis, inflammatory diseases, autoinflammatory diseases, and autoimmune diseases.
• the present invention provides compounds of Formula (I):
• Ring A, W, X, R 1b , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 7 , R 8 , m, n and subvariables thereof are as defined herein.
• the present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, stereoisomer, or isotopically labeled derivative thereof, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
• the pharmaceutical compositions described herein include a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, stereoisomer, or isotopically labeled derivative thereof.
• the pharmaceutical composition may be useful for treating and/or preventing a proliferative or infectious disease.
• the present invention provides methods for treating and/or preventing proliferative diseases.
• proliferative diseases include cancer (e.g., leukemia, melanoma, multiple myeloma), benign neoplasm, angiogenesis, inflammatory diseases, autoinflammatory diseases, and autoimmune diseases.
• an infectious disease e.g., a viral infection.
• the present invention provides methods of down-regulating the expression of a CDK in a biological sample or subject, more specifically CDK7.
• Another aspect of the invention relates to methods of inhibiting the activity of CDK7 in a biological sample or subject.
• the present invention also provides methods of inhibiting cell growth in a biological sample or subject.
• the present invention provides methods of inducing apoptosis of a cell in a biological sample or a subject.
• the present invention provides compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, hydrates, tautomers, stereoisomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, and compositions thereof, for use in the treatment of a proliferative disease in a subject.
• the present invention provides compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, hydrates, tautomers, stereoisomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, and compositions thereof, for use in the treatment or prevention of an infectious disease in a subject.
• the infectious disease is a viral infection.
• kits comprising a container with a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, stereoisomer, or isotopically labeled derivative thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
• the kits described herein further include instructions for administering the compound of Formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, stereoisomer, or isotopically labeled derivative thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition thereof.
• structures depicted herein are also meant to include all isomeric (e.g., enantiomeric, diastereomeric, and geometric (or conformational)) forms of the structure; for example, the R and S configurations for each asymmetric center, Z and E double bond isomers, and Z and E conformational isomers. Therefore, single stereochemical isomers as well as enantiomeric, diastereomeric, and geometric (or conformational) mixtures of the present compounds are within the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise stated, all tautomeric forms of the compounds of the invention are within the scope of the invention.
• structures depicted herein are also meant to include compounds that differ only in the presence of one or more isotopically enriched atoms.
• compounds having the present structures including the replacement of hydrogen by deuterium or tritium, or the replacement of a carbon by a 13 C- or 14 C-enriched carbon are within the scope of this invention.
• Such compounds are useful, for example, as analytical tools, as probes in biological assays, or as therapeutic agents in accordance with the present invention.
• a particular enantiomer may, in some embodiments be provided substantially free of the corresponding enantiomer, and may also be referred to as “optically enriched.”
• “Optically-enriched,” as used herein, means that the compound is made up of a significantly greater proportion of one enantiomer. In certain embodiments the compound is made up of at least about 90% by weight of a preferred enantiomer. In other embodiments the compound is made up of at least about 95%, 98%, or 99% by weight of a preferred enantiomer.
• Preferred enantiomers may be isolated from racemic mixtures by any method known to those skilled in the art, including chiral high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the formation and crystallization of chiral salts or prepared by asymmetric syntheses.
• HPLC high pressure liquid chromatography
• Jacques et al. Enantiomers, Racemates and Resolutions (Wiley Interscience, New York, 1981); Wilen, et al., Tetrahedron 33:2725 (1977); Eliel, E. L. Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds (McGraw-Hill, NY, 1962); Wilen, S. H. Tables of Resolving Agents and Optical Resolutions p. 268 (E. L. Eliel, Ed., Univ. of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Ind. 1972).
• aliphatic or “aliphatic group”, as used herein, denotes a hydrocarbon moiety that may be straight-chain (i.e., unbranched), branched, or cyclic (including fused, bridging, and spiro-fused polycyclic) and may be completely saturated or may contain one or more units of unsaturation, but which is not aromatic. Unless otherwise specified, aliphatic groups contain 1-6 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-4 carbon atoms, and in yet other embodiments aliphatic groups contain 1-3 carbon atoms.
• Suitable aliphatic groups include, but are not limited to, linear or branched, alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl groups, and hybrids thereof such as (cycloalkyl)alkyl, (cycloalkenyl)alkyl or (cycloalkyl)alkenyl.
• alkyl refers to a monovalent saturated, straight- or branched-chain hydrocarbon such as a straight or branched group of 1-12, 1-10, or 1-6 carbon atoms, referred to herein as C 1 -C 12 alkyl, C 1 -C 10 alkyl, and C 1 -C 6 alkyl, respectively.
• alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, sec-pentyl, iso-pentyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, sec-hexyl, and the like.
• alkenyl and alkynyl are art-recognized and refer to unsaturated aliphatic groups analogous in length and possible substitution to the alkyls described above, but that contain at least one double or triple bond, respectively.
• exemplary alkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, —CH ⁇ CH 2 and —CH 2 CH ⁇ CH 2 .
• alkylene refers to the diradical of an alkyl group.
• alkenylene and “alkynylene” refer to the diradicals of an alkenyl and an alkynyl group, respectively.
• methylene unit refers to a divalent —CH 2 — group present in an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylene, alkenylene, or alkynylene moiety.
• carrier means a monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon ring system, wherein each ring is either completely saturated or contains one or more units of unsaturation, but where no ring is aromatic.
• carbocyclyl refers to a radical of a carbocyclic ring system as defined above.
• Representative carbocyclyl groups include cycloalkyl groups (e.g., cyclopentyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and the like), and cycloalkenyl groups (e.g., cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclopentadienyl, and the like).
• aromatic ring system refers to a monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon ring system, wherein at least one ring is aromatic.
• aryl refers to a radical of an aromatic ring system.
• Representative aryl groups include fully aromatic ring systems, such as phenyl, naphthyl, and anthracenyl, and ring systems where an aromatic carbon ring is fused to one or more non-aromatic carbon rings, such as indanyl, phthalimidyl, naphthimidyl, or tetrahydronaphthyl, and the like.
• heteromatic ring system refers to monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic ring system wherein at least one ring is both aromatic and comprises a heteroatom; and wherein no other rings are heterocyclyl (as defined below).
• a ring which is aromatic and comprises a heteroatom contains 1, 2, 3, or 4 independently selected ring heteroatoms in such ring.
• heteroaryl refers to a radical of a heteroaromatic ring system.
• Representative heteroaryl groups include ring systems where (i) each ring comprises a heteroatom and is aromatic, e.g., imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl, pyrrolyl, furanyl, thiophenyl pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, indolizinyl, purinyl, naphthyridinyl, and pteridinyl; (ii) each ring is aromatic or carbocyclyl, at least one aromatic ring comprises a heteroatom and at least one other ring is a hydrocarbon ring or e.g., indolyl, isoindolyl, benzothienyl, benzofuranyl, dibenzofuranyl, indazolyl, benzimid
• the heteroaryl is a monocyclic or bicyclic ring, wherein each of said rings contains 5 or 6 ring atoms where 1, 2, 3, or 4 of said ring atoms are a heteroatom independently selected from N, O, and S.
• heterocyclic ring system refers to monocyclic, bicyclic and polycyclic ring systems where at least one ring is saturated or partially unsaturated (but not aromatic) and comprises a heteroatom.
• a heterocyclic ring system can be attached to its pendant group at any heteroatom or carbon atom that results in a stable structure and any of the ring atoms can be optionally substituted.
• heterocyclyl refers to a radical of a heterocyclic ring system.
• Representative heterocyclyls include ring systems in which (i) every ring is non-aromatic and at least one ring comprises a heteroatom, e.g., tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolidonyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolinyl, decahydroquinolinyl, oxazolidinyl, piperazinyl, dioxanyl, dioxolanyl, diazepinyl, oxazepinyl, thiazepinyl, morpholinyl, and quinuclidinyl; (ii) at least one ring is non-aromatic and comprises a heteroatom and at least one other ring is an aromatic carbon ring, e.g., 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolinyl, 1,2,
• the heterocyclyl is a monocyclic or bicyclic ring, wherein each of said rings contains 3-7 ring atoms where 1, 2, 3, or 4 of said ring atoms are a heteroatom independently selected from N, O, and S.
• saturated heterocyclyl refers to a radical of heterocyclic ring system wherein every ring is saturated, e.g., tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydro-2H-pyran, pyrrolidine, piperidine and piperazine.
• Partially unsaturated refers to a group that includes at least one double or triple bond.
• a “partially unsaturated” ring system is further intended to encompass rings having multiple sites of unsaturation, but is not intended to include aromatic groups (e.g., aryl or heteroaryl groups) as herein defined.
• aromatic groups e.g., aryl or heteroaryl groups
• saturated refers to a group that does not contain a double or triple bond, i.e., contains all single bonds.
• compounds of the invention may contain “optionally substituted” moieties.
• substituted whether preceded by the term “optionally” or not, means that one or more hydrogens of the designated moiety are replaced with a suitable substituent.
• an “optionally substituted” group may have a suitable substituent at each substitutable position of the group, and when more than one position in any given structure may be substituted with more than one substituent selected from a specified group, the substituent may be either the same or different at each position.
• Combinations of substituents envisioned under this invention are preferably those that result in the formation of stable or chemically feasible compounds.
• stable refers to compounds that are not substantially altered when subjected to conditions to allow for their production, detection, and, in certain embodiments, their recovery, purification, and use for one or more of the purposes disclosed herein.
• Suitable monovalent substituents on a substitutable carbon atom of an “optionally substituted” group are independently deuterium; halogen; —(CH 2 ) 0-4 R ⁇ ; —(CH 2 ) 0-4 OR ⁇ ; —O—(CH 2 ) 0-4 C(O)OR ⁇ ; —(CH 2 ) 0-4 CH(OR ⁇ ) 2 ; —(CH 2 ) 0- 4 SR ⁇ ; —(CH 2 ) 0-4 Ph (where “Ph” is phenyl), which may be substituted with R ⁇ ; —(CH 2 ) 0-4 O(CH 2 ) 0-1 Ph which may be substituted with R ⁇ ; —CH ⁇ CHPh, which
• Suitable monovalent substituents on R ⁇ are independently deuterium, halogen, —(CH 2 ) 0-2 R ⁇ ,-(haloR ⁇ ), —(CH 2 ) 0-2 OH, —(CH 2 ) 0-2 OR ⁇ , —(CH 2 ) 0-2 CH(OR ⁇ ) 2 ; —O(haloR ⁇ ), —CN, —N 3 , —(CH 2 ) 0-2 C(O)R ⁇ , —(CH 2 ) 0-2 C(O)OH, —(CH 2 ) 0-2 C(O)OR ⁇ , —(CH 2 ) 0-2 SR ⁇ , —(CH 2 ) 0-2 SH, —(CH 2 ) 0-2 NH 2 , —(CH 2 ) 0-2 NHR ⁇ , —
• Suitable divalent substituents on a saturated carbon atom of an “optionally substituted” group include the following: ⁇ O, ⁇ S, ⁇ NNR* 2 , ⁇ NNHC(O)R*, ⁇ NNHC(O)OR*, ⁇ NNHS(O) 2 R*, ⁇ NR*, ⁇ NOR*, —O(C(R* 2 )) 2-3 O—, or —S(C(R* 2 )) 2-3 S—, wherein each independent occurrence of R*is selected from hydrogen, C 1-6 aliphatic which may be substituted as defined below, or an unsubstituted 5-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
• Suitable divalent substituents that are bound to vicinal substitutable carbons of an “optionally substituted” group include: —O(CR* 2 ) 2-3 O—, wherein each independent occurrence of R* is selected from hydrogen, C 1-6 aliphatic which may be substituted as defined below, or an unsubstituted 5-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
• Suitable substituents on the aliphatic group of R* include deuterium, halogen, —R ⁇ , -(haloR ⁇ ), —OH, —OR ⁇ , —O(haloR ⁇ ), —CN, —C(O)OH, —C(O)OR ⁇ , —NH 2 , —NHR ⁇ , —NR ⁇ 2 , or —NO 2 , wherein each R ⁇ is unsubstituted or where preceded by “halo” is substituted only with one or more halogens, and is independently C 1-4 aliphatic, —CH 2 Ph, —O(CH 2 ) 0-1 Ph, or a 5-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
• Suitable substituents on a substitutable nitrogen of an “optionally substituted” group include —R ⁇ , —NR ⁇ 2 , —C(O)R ⁇ , —C(O)OR ⁇ , —C(O)C(O)R ⁇ , —C(O)CH 2 C(O)R ⁇ , —S(O) 2 R ⁇ , —S(O) 2 NR ⁇ 2 , —C(S)NR ⁇ 2 , —C(NH)NR ⁇ 2 , or —N(R ⁇ )S(O) 2 R ⁇ ; wherein each R ⁇ is independently hydrogen, C 1-6 aliphatic which may be substituted as defined below, unsubstituted —OPh, or an unsubstituted 5-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or, notwithstanding the definition above, two independent occurrence
• Suitable substituents on the aliphatic group of R ⁇ are independently deuterium, halogen, —R ⁇ , -(haloR ⁇ ), —OH, —OR ⁇ , —O(haloR ⁇ ), —CN, —C(O)OH, —C(O)OR ⁇ , —NH 2 , —NHR ⁇ , —NR ⁇ 2 , or —NO 2 , wherein each R ⁇ is unsubstituted or where preceded by “halo” is substituted only with one or more halogens, and is independently C 1-4 aliphatic, —CH 2 Ph, —O(CH 2 ) 0-1 Ph, or a 5-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
• Halo or “halogen” refers to fluorine (fluoro, —F), chlorine (chloro, —Cl), bromine (bromo, —Br), or iodine (iodo, —I).
• one or more methylene units of the alkylene, alkenylene or alkynylene is optionally replaced with —O—, —S—, —S( ⁇ O) 2 , or —NR X —” as used herein means that none, one, more than one, or all of the methylene units present may be so replaced.
• the moieties, —O—, —S—, and —NR X — are included in this definition because in each case they represent a C 1 alkylene (i.e., methylene) replaced with —O—, —S—, or —NR X —, respectively.
• variable or subvariable in Formula I being “an optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 alkylene, and an optionally substituted C 2 -C 4 alkenylene or alkynylene, wherein: one or more methylene units of the alkylene, alkenylene or alkynylene other than a methylene unit bound to a nitrogen atom is optionally and independently replaced with —O—, —S—, —N(R 6 )—, or —S( ⁇ O) 2 —” is only intended to encompass chemically stable combinations of optionally substitutions and replacements.
• leaving group is given its ordinary meaning in the art of synthetic organic chemistry and refers to an atom or a group capable of being displaced by a nucleophile.
• suitable leaving groups include, but are not limited to, halogen (such as F, Cl, Br, or I (iodine)), alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, alkanesulfonyloxy, arenesulfonyloxy, alkyl-carbonyloxy (e.g., acetoxy), arylcarbonyloxy, aryloxy, methoxy, N,O-dimethylhydroxylamino, pixyl, and haloformates.
• the leaving group is a sulfonic acid ester, such as toluenesulfonate (tosylate, —OTs), methanesulfonate (mesylate, —OMs), p-bromobenzenesulfonyloxy (brosylate, —OBs), or trifluoromethanesulfonate (triflate, —OTf).
• the leaving group is a brosylate, such as p-bromobenzenesulfonyloxy.
• the leaving group is a nosylate, such as 2-nitrobenzenesulfonyloxy.
• the leaving group is a sulfonate-containing group. In some embodiments, the leaving group is a tosylate group.
• the leaving group may also be a phosphineoxide (e.g., formed during a Mitsunobu reaction) or an internal leaving group such as an epoxide or cyclic sulfate.
• Other non-limiting examples of leaving groups are water, ammonia, alcohols, ether moieties, thioether moieties, zinc halides, magnesium moieties, diazonium salts, and copper moieties.
• the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to those salts which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response and the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known in the art. For example, Berge et al., describe pharmaceutically acceptable salts in detail in J. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1977, 66, 1-19, incorporated herein by reference.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of this invention include those derived from suitable inorganic and organic acids and bases.
• Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable, nontoxic acid addition salts are salts of an amino group formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, and perchloric acid or with organic acids such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid, or malonic acid or by using other methods known in the art such as ion exchange.
• inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, and perchloric acid
• organic acids such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid, or malonic acid or by using other methods known in the art such as ion exchange.
• salts include adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bisulfate, borate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, gluconate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate, lactobionate, lactate, laurate, lauryl sulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, pectinate,
• Salts derived from appropriate bases include alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and N + (C 1-4 alkyl) 4 ⁇ salts.
• Representative alkali or alkaline earth metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like.
• Further pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, when appropriate, nontoxic ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations formed using counterions such as halide, hydroxide, carboxylate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, lower alkyl sulfonate, and aryl sulfonate.
• solvate refers to forms of the compound that are associated with a solvent, usually by a solvolysis reaction. This physical association may include hydrogen bonding.
• Conventional solvents include water, methanol, ethanol, acetic acid, DMSO, THF, diethyl ether, and the like.
• the compounds of Formula (I) may be prepared, e.g., in crystalline form, and may be solvated.
• Suitable solvates include pharmaceutically acceptable solvates and further include both stoichiometric solvates and non-stoichiometric solvates. In certain instances, the solvate will be capable of isolation, for example, when one or more solvent molecules are incorporated in the crystal lattice of a crystalline solid.
• “Solvate” encompasses both solution-phase and isolable solvates.
• Representative solvates include hydrates, ethanolates, and methanolates.
• hydrate refers to a compound which is associated with water.
• the number of the water molecules contained in a hydrate of a compound is in a definite ratio to the number of the compound molecules in the hydrate. Therefore, a hydrate of a compound may be represented, for example, by the general formula R.x H 2 O, wherein R is the compound and wherein x is a number greater than 0.
• a given compound may form more than one type of hydrates, including, e.g., monohydrates (x is 1), lower hydrates (x is a number greater than 0 and smaller than 1, e.g., hemihydrates (R.0.5 H 2 O)), and polyhydrates (x is a number greater than 1, e.g., dihydrates (R.2 H 2 O) and hexahydrates (R.6 H 2 O)).
• monohydrates x is 1
• lower hydrates x is a number greater than 0 and smaller than 1, e.g., hemihydrates (R.0.5 H 2 O)
• polyhydrates x is a number greater than 1, e.g., dihydrates (R.2 H 2 O) and hexahydrates (R.6 H 2 O)
• tautomers refer to compounds that are interchangeable forms of a particular compound structure, and that vary in the displacement of hydrogen atoms and electrons. Thus, two structures may be in equilibrium through the movement of it electrons and an atom (usually H). For example, enols and ketones are tautomers because they are rapidly interconverted by treatment with either acid or base. Another example of tautomerism is the aci- and nitro-forms of phenylnitromethane that are likewise formed by treatment with acid or base.
• Tautomeric forms may be relevant to the attainment of the optimal chemical reactivity and biological activity of a compound of interest.
• stereoisomers that are not mirror images of one another are termed “diastereomers” and those that are non-superimposable minor images of each other are termed “enantiomers”.
• enantiomers When a compound has an asymmetric center, for example, it is bonded to four different groups, a pair of enantiomers is possible.
• An enantiomer can be characterized by the absolute configuration of its asymmetric center and is described by the R- and S-sequencing rules of Cahn and Prelog, or by the manner in which the molecule rotates the plane of polarized light and designated as dextrorotatory or levorotatory (i.e., as (+) or ( ⁇ )-isomers respectively).
• a chiral compound can exist as either individual enantiomer or as a mixture thereof. A mixture containing equal proportions of the enantiomers is called a “racemic mixture”.
• a “subject” to which administration is contemplated includes, but is not limited to, humans (i.e., a male or female of any age group, e.g., a pediatric subject (e.g., infant, child, adolescent) or adult subject (e.g., young adult, middle-aged adult, or senior adult)) and/or other non-human animals, for example, mammals (e.g., primates (e.g., cynomolgus monkeys, rhesus monkeys); commercially relevant mammals such as cattle, pigs, horses, sheep, goats, cats, and/or dogs) and birds (e.g., commercially relevant birds such as chickens, ducks, geese, and/or turkeys).
• the animal is a mammal.
• the animal may be a male or female and at any stage of development.
• a non-human animal may be a transgenic animal.
• administer refers to implanting, absorbing, ingesting, injecting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing an inventive compound, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
• treatment refers to reversing, alleviating, delaying the onset of, or inhibiting the progress of a “pathological condition” (e.g., a disease, disorder, or condition, or one or more signs or symptoms thereof) described herein.
• pathological condition e.g., a disease, disorder, or condition, or one or more signs or symptoms thereof
• “treatment,” “treat,” and “treating” require that signs or symptoms of the disease disorder or condition have developed or have been observed.
• treatment may be administered in the absence of signs or symptoms of the disease or condition.
• treatment may be administered to a susceptible individual prior to the onset of symptoms (e.g., in light of a history of symptoms and/or in light of genetic or other susceptibility factors). Treatment may also be continued after symptoms have resolved, for example, to delay or prevent recurrence.
• condition As used herein, the terms “condition,” “disease,” and “disorder” are used interchangeably.
• an “effective amount” of a compound of Formula (I) refers to an amount sufficient to elicit the desired biological response, i.e., treating the condition.
• the effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) may vary depending on such factors as the desired biological endpoint, the pharmacokinetics of the compound, the condition being treated, the mode of administration, and the age and health of the subject.
• An effective amount encompasses therapeutic and prophylactic treatment.
• an effective amount of an inventive compound may reduce the tumor burden or stop the growth or spread of a tumor.
• a “therapeutically effective amount” of a compound of Formula (I) is an amount sufficient to provide a therapeutic benefit in the treatment of a condition or to delay or minimize one or more symptoms associated with the condition.
• a therapeutically effective amount is an amount sufficient to provide a therapeutic benefit in the treatment of a condition or to minimize one or more symptoms associated with the condition.
• a therapeutically effective amount of a compound means an amount of therapeutic agent, alone or in combination with other therapies, which provides a therapeutic benefit in the treatment of the condition.
• the term “therapeutically effective amount” can encompass an amount that improves overall therapy, reduces or avoids symptoms or causes of the condition, or enhances the therapeutic efficacy of another therapeutic agent.
• a “prophylactically effective amount” of a compound of Formula (I) is an amount sufficient to prevent a condition, or one or more symptoms associated with the condition or prevent its recurrence.
• a prophylactically effective amount of a compound means an amount of a therapeutic agent, alone or in combination with other agents, which provides a prophylactic benefit in the prevention of the condition.
• the term “prophylactically effective amount” can encompass an amount that improves overall prophylaxis or enhances the prophylactic efficacy of another prophylactic agent.
• proliferative disease refers to a disease that occurs due to abnormal growth or extension by the multiplication of cells (Walker, Cambridge Dictionary of Biology ; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 1990).
• a proliferative disease may be associated with: 1) the pathological proliferation of normally quiescent cells; 2) the pathological migration of cells from their normal location (e.g., metastasis of neoplastic cells); 3) the pathological expression of proteolytic enzymes such as the matrix metalloproteinases (e.g., collagenases, gelatinases, and elastases); or 4) the pathological angiogenesis as in proliferative retinopathy and tumor metastasis.
• Exemplary proliferative diseases include cancers (i.e., “malignant neoplasms”), benign neoplasms, angiogenesis, inflammatory diseases, autoinflammatory diseases, and autoimmune diseases.
• neoplasm and “tumor” are used herein interchangeably and refer to an abnormal mass of tissue wherein the growth of the mass surpasses and is not coordinated with the growth of a normal tissue.
• a neoplasm or tumor may be “benign” or “malignant,” depending on the following characteristics: degree of cellular differentiation (including morphology and functionality), rate of growth, local invasion, and metastasis.
• a “benign neoplasm” is generally well differentiated, has characteristically slower growth than a malignant neoplasm, and remains localized to the site of origin.
• a benign neoplasm does not have the capacity to infiltrate, invade, or metastasize to distant sites.
• Exemplary benign neoplasms include, but are not limited to, lipoma, chondroma, adenomas, acrochordon, senile angiomas, seborrheic keratoses, lentigos, and sebaceous hyperplasias.
• certain “benign” tumors may later give rise to malignant neoplasms, which may result from additional genetic changes in a subpopulation of the tumor's neoplastic cells, and these tumors are referred to as “pre-malignant neoplasms.”
• An exemplary pre-malignant neoplasm is a teratoma.
• a “malignant neoplasm” is generally poorly differentiated (anaplasia) and has characteristically rapid growth accompanied by progressive infiltration, invasion, and destruction of the surrounding tissue. Furthermore, a malignant neoplasm generally has the capacity to metastasize to distant sites.
• cancer refers to a malignant neoplasm ( Stedman's Medical Dictionary, 25th ed.; Hensyl ed.; Williams & Wilkins: Philadelphia, 1990).
• exemplary cancers include, but are not limited to, acoustic neuroma; adenocarcinoma; adrenal gland cancer; anal cancer; angiosarcoma (e.g., lymphangiosarcoma, lymphangioendotheliosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma); appendix cancer; benign monoclonal gammopathy; biliary cancer (e.g., cholangiocarcinoma); bladder cancer; breast cancer (e.g., adenocarcinoma of the breast, papillary carcinoma of the breast, mammary cancer, medullary carcinoma of the breast); brain cancer (e.g., meningioma, glioblastomas, glioma (e.g., astromonium), astromoni
• liver cancer e.g., hepatocellular cancer (HCC), malignant hepatoma
• lung cancer e.g., bronchogenic carcinoma, small cell lung cancer (SCLC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), adenocarcinoma of the lung
• leiomyosarcoma LMS
• mastocytosis e.g., systemic mastocytosis
• muscle cancer myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS); mesothelioma; myeloproliferative disorder (MPD) (e.g., polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocytosis (ET), agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (AMM) a.k.a.
• myelofibrosis MF
• chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML), chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL), hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES)
• neuroblastoma e.g., neurofibromatosis (NF) type 1 or type 2, schwannomatosis
• neuroendocrine cancer e.g., gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (GEP-NET), carcinoid tumor
• osteosarcoma e.g., bone cancer
• ovarian cancer e.g., cystadenocarcinoma, ovarian embryonal carcinoma, ovarian adenocarcinoma
• papillary adenocarcinoma pancreatic cancer
• pancreatic cancer e.g., pancreatic adenocarcinoma, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), Islet cell tumors
• angiogenesis refers to the formation and the growth of new blood vessels.
• Normal angiogenesis occurs in the healthy body of a subject for healing wounds and for restoring blood flow to tissues after injury.
• the healthy body controls angiogenesis through a number of means, e.g., angiogenesis-stimulating growth factors and angiogenesis inhibitors.
• Many disease states such as cancer, diabetic blindness, age-related macular degeneration, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis, are characterized by abnormal (i.e., increased or excessive) angiogenesis.
• Abnormal angiogenesis refers to angiogenesis greater than that in a normal body, especially angiogenesis in an adult not related to normal angiogenesis (e.g., menstruation or wound healing).
• Abnormal angiogenesis can provide new blood vessels that feed diseased tissues and/or destroy normal tissues, and in the case of cancer, the new vessels can allow tumor cells to escape into the circulation and lodge in other organs (tumor metastases).
• an “inflammatory disease” refers to a disease caused by, resulting from, or resulting in inflammation.
• the term “inflammatory disease” may also refer to a dysregulated inflammatory reaction that causes an exaggerated response by macrophages, granulocytes, and/or T-lymphocytes leading to abnormal tissue damage and/or cell death.
• An inflammatory disease can be either an acute or chronic inflammatory condition and can result from infections or non-infectious causes.
• Inflammatory diseases include, without limitation, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, autoimmune disorders, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), gouty arthritis, degenerative arthritis, tendonitis, bursitis, psoriasis, cystic fibrosis, arthrosteitis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome, giant cell arteritis, progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma), ankylosing spondylitis, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, pemphigus, pemphigoid, diabetes (e.g., Type I), myasthenia gravis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, Goodpasture's disease, mixed connective tissue disease, sclerosing cholangitis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, per
• an “autoimmune disease” refers to a disease arising from an inappropriate immune response of the body of a subject against substances and tissues normally present in the body. In other words, the immune system mistakes some part of the body as a pathogen and attacks its own cells. This may be restricted to certain organs (e.g., in autoimmune thyroiditis) or involve a particular tissue in different places (e.g., Goodpasture's disease which may affect the basement membrane in both the lung and kidney).
• the treatment of autoimmune diseases is typically with immunosuppression, e.g., medications which decrease the immune response.
• Exemplary autoimmune diseases include, but are not limited to, glomerulonephritis, Goodpasture's syndrome, necrotizing vasculitis, lymphadenitis, peri-arteritis nodosa, systemic lupus erythematosis, rheumatoid, arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosis, psoriasis, ulcerative colitis, systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis/polymyositis, anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome, scleroderma, pemphigus vulgaris, ANCA-associated vasculitis (e.g., Wegener's granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis), uveitis, Sjogren's syndrome, Crohn's disease, Reiter's syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis, Lyme arthritis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and
• autoinflammatory disease refers to a category of diseases that are similar but different from autoimmune diseases. Autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases share common characteristics in that both groups of disorders result from the immune system attacking a subject's own tissues and result in increased inflammation. In autoinflammatory diseases, a subject's innate immune system causes inflammation for unknown reasons. The innate immune system reacts even though it has never encountered autoantibodies or antigens in the subject. Autoinflammatory disorders are characterized by intense episodes of inflammation that result in such symptoms as fever, rash, or joint swelling. These diseases also carry the risk of amyloidosis, a potentially fatal buildup of a blood protein in vital organs.
• Autoinflammatory diseases include, but are not limited to, familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS), deficiency of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (DIRA), and Behçet's disease.
• FMF familial Mediterranean fever
• NOMID neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease
• TNF tumor necrosis factor
• TRAPS tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome
• DIRA deficiency of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist
• Behçet's disease Behçet's disease.
• tissue sample refers to any sample including tissue samples (such as tissue sections and needle biopsies of a tissue); cell samples (e.g., cytological smears (such as Pap or blood smears) or samples of cells obtained by microdissection); samples of whole organisms (such as samples of yeasts or bacteria); or cell fractions, fragments or organelles (such as obtained by lysing cells and separating the components thereof by centrifugation or otherwise).
• tissue samples such as tissue sections and needle biopsies of a tissue
• cell samples e.g., cytological smears (such as Pap or blood smears) or samples of cells obtained by microdissection) or samples of cells obtained by microdissection
• samples of whole organisms such as samples of yeasts or bacteria
• cell fractions, fragments or organelles such as obtained by lysing cells and separating the components thereof by centrifugation or otherwise.
• biological samples include blood, serum, urine, semen, fecal matter, cerebrospinal fluid, interstitial fluid, mucus, tears, sweat, pus, biopsied tissue (e.g., obtained by a surgical biopsy or needle biopsy), nipple aspirates, milk, vaginal fluid, saliva, swabs (such as buccal swabs), or any material containing biomolecules that is derived from a first biological sample.
• Biological samples also include those biological samples that are transgenic, such as transgenic oocyte, sperm cell, blastocyst, embryo, fetus, donor cell, or cell nucleus.
• ring A is an optionally substituted heteroaryl ring of any one of the Formulae (i-1)-(i-6):
• each instance of V 1 , V 2 , V 3 , V 4 , V 5 , V 6 , V 7 , V 8 , V 9 , V 10 , V 11 , V 12 , V 13 , V 14 and V 15 is independently O, S, N, N(R A1 ), C, or C(R A2 );
• each instance of R A1 is independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, optionally substituted acyl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted carbocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, and optionally substituted heteroaryl;
• each instance of R A2 is independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, —CN, optionally substituted acyl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted carbocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, —OR A2a , —N(R A2a ) 2 , and —SR A2a , wherein each occurrence of R A2a is independently selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted acyl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted carbocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, and optionally substituted heteroaryl, or
• any two R A1 , any two R A2 , or one R A1 and one R A2 are joined to form an optionally substituted carbocyclic, optionally substituted heterocyclic, optionally substituted aryl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl ring;
• each X is independently selected from N and CH, wherein at least one X is N;
• W is selected from N and C(R 1a );
• each of R 1a , if present, and R 1b is independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, optionally substituted acyl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted carbocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, —CN, —OR B1a , —N(R B1a ) 2 , and —SR B1a , wherein each occurrence of R B1a is independently selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted acyl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted carbocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, and optionally substituted heteroaryl, or
• R 1a and R 1b are joined to form an optionally substituted carbocyclic, optionally substituted heterocyclic, optionally substituted aryl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl ring;
• R 2 is an optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 alkylene or an optionally substituted C 2 -C 4 alkenylene or alkynylene, wherein one or more methylene units of the alkylene, alkenylene or alkynylene are optionally and independently replaced with —O—, —S—, or —N(R 6 )—;
• each instance of R 3 is independently selected from deuterium, halogen, optionally substituted acyl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted carbocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, —OR C1 , —N(R C1 ) 2 , and —SR C1 , wherein each occurrence of R C1 is independently selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted acyl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted carbocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, and optionally substituted heteroaryl, or
• R 4 is selected from a bond, an optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 alkylene, and an optionally substituted C 2 -C 4 alkenylene or alkynylene, wherein:
• one or more methylene units of the alkylene, alkenylene or alkynylene other than a methylene unit bound to a nitrogen atom is optionally and independently replaced with —O—, —S—, —N(R 6 )—, or —S( ⁇ O) 2 —, and
• each R 6 is independently selected from hydrogen, and —C 1 -C 6 alkyl
• R 7 is any one of the Formulae (ii-1)-(ii-20):
• L 3 is a bond, an optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 alkylene, or an optionally substituted C 2 -C 4 alkenylene or alkynylene, wherein one or more methylene units of the alkylene, alkenylene or alkynylene are optionally and independently replaced with —O—, —S—, or —N(R 6 )—;
• L 4 is a bond, an optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 alkylene, or an optionally substituted C 2 -C 4 alkenylene or alkynylene;
• R E1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted carbocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, —CN, —CH 2 OR E1a , —CH 2 N(R E1a ) 2 , —CH 2 SR E1a , —OR E1a , —N(R E1a ) 2 , —Si(R E1a ) 3 , and —Si(R E1a ) 3 , wherein each occurrence of R E1a is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted carbocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, and optionally substituted heteroaryl, or
• R E2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted carbocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, —CN, —CH 2 OR E2a , —CH 2 N(R E2a ) 2 , —CH 2 SR E2a , —OR E2a , —N(R E2a ) 2 , and —SR E2a , wherein each occurrence of R E2a is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted carbocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, and optionally substituted heteroaryl, or two R E2a groups are joined to form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring
• R E3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted carbocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, —CN, —CH 2 OR E3a , —CH 2 N(R E3a ) 2 , —CH 2 SR E3a , —OR E3a , —N(R E3a ) 2 , and —SR E3a , wherein each occurrence of R E3a is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted carbocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, and optionally substituted heteroaryl, or two R E3a groups are joined to form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring
• R E1 and R E3 , or R E2 and R E3 , or R E1 and R E2 are joined to form an optionally substituted carbocyclic or optionally substituted heterocyclic ring;
• R E4 is a leaving group
• R E5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted carbocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, —CN, —CH 2 OR E5a , —CH 2 N(R E5a ) 2 , —CH 2 SR E5a , —OR E5a , —N(R E5a ) 2 , and —SR E5a , wherein each occurrence of R E5a is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted carbocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, and optionally substituted heteroaryl, or two R E5a groups are joined to form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring
• each instance of R 8 is independently selected from deuterium, halogen, optionally substituted acyl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted carbocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, —OR D1 , —N(R D1 ) 2 , and —SR D1 , wherein each occurrence of R D1 is independently selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted acyl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted carbocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, and optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, or
• R 8 groups are joined to form an optionally substituted carbocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl ring;
• n 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
• n 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
• provided in the present invention are compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• no more than three of V 1 , V 2 , V 3 , V 4 , V 5 , V 6 , V 7 , V 8 , and V 9 are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, N, and N(R A1 ).
• two of V 1 , V 2 , V 3 , V 4 , V 5 , V 6 , V 7 , V 8 , and V 9 are each independently selected from the group consisting of N and N(R A1 ) and the rest of V 1 , V 2 , V 3 , V 4 , V 5 , V 6 , V 7 , V 8 , and V 9 are each independently C or C(R A2 ).
• one of V 1 , V 2 , or V 3 is N(R A1 ); one of V 1 , V 2 , or V 3 is C; one of V 1 , V 2 , and V 3 is C(R A2 ); one of V 4 , V 5 , V 6 , or V 7 is N, the rest of V 4 , V 5 , V 6 , and V 7 are C(R A2 ); and V 8 and V 9 are C.
• one of V 1 , V 2 , V 3 , V 4 , V 5 , V 6 , V 7 , V 8 , and V 9 is N or N(R A1 ) and the rest of V 1 , V 2 , V 3 , V 4 , V 5 , V 6 , V 7 , V 8 , and V 9 are each independently C or C(R A2 ).
• one of V 1 , V 2 , or V 3 is N(R A1 ); one of V 1 , V 2 , or V 3 is C; one of V 1 , V 2 , and V 3 is C(R A2 ); each of V 4 , V 5 , V 6 , and V 7 are C(R A2 ); and V 8 and V 9 are C.
• ring A is
• ring A is
• each R A1 is independently selected from hydrogen, or C 1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, all instances of R A1 are hydrogen.
• each R A2 is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, and optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, and optionally substituted aryl. In one aspect of these embodiments, all instances of R A2 are hydrogen.
• W is N.
• W is C(R 1a ).
• each X is nitrogen. In one aspect of these embodiments, each X is nitrogen and W is C(R 1a ).
• R 1a is selected from selected from hydrogen, halo, —OH, —C 1 -C 3 alkyl, halo-substituted —C 1 -C 3 alkyl, —O—C 1 -C 3 alkyl, halo-substituted —O—C 1 -C 3 alkyl, —CN, —NH 2 , —NH(C 1 -C 3 alkyl), —N(C 1 -C 3 alkyl) 2 , and C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl.
• R 1a is selected from halo, —CN and C 1 -C 3 alkyl.
• R 1a is selected from chloro, —CN and —CH 3 .
• R 1a is chloro.
• R 1b is selected from selected from hydrogen, halo, —OH, —C 1 -C 3 alkyl, halo-substituted —C 1 -C 3 alkyl, —O—C 1 -C 3 alkyl, halo-substituted —O—C 1 -C 3 alkyl, —CN, —NH 2 , —NH(C 1 -C 3 alkyl), and —N(C 1 -C 3 alkyl) 2 .
• R 1b is hydrogen.
• R 2 is selected from —NH—; —N(C 1 -C 3 alkyl)-; —NH—CH 2 — **; and C 1 -C 2 alkylene optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from halo, —OH, —C 1 -C 3 alkyl, halo-substituted —C 1 -C 3 alkyl, —O—C 1 -C 3 alkyl, halo-substituted —O—C 1 -C 3 alkyl, —CN, —NH 2 , —NH(C 1 -C 3 alkyl), —N(C 1 -C 3 alkyl) 2 , wherein “**” represents a portion of R 2 bound to piperidin-1,3-diyl.
• R 2 is selected from —NH— and —NH—CH 2 —**.
• R 2 is
• R 4 is selected from —S( ⁇ O) 2 —, or C 1 -C 2 alkylene optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from halo, ⁇ O, —OH, —C 1 -C 3 alkyl, halo-substituted —C 1 -C 3 alkyl, —O—C 1 -C 3 alkyl, halo-substituted —O—C 1 -C 3 alkyl, —CN, —NH 2 , —NH(C 1 -C 3 alkyl), and —N(C 1 -C 3 alkyl) 2 , wherein one methylene unit in the alkylene is optionally replaced with —N(R 6 )—.
• R 4 is —C(O)— or ⁇ —C(O)—NH—, wherein “ ⁇ ” represents a portion of R 4 bound to piperidin-1,3-diyl. In another specific aspect of these embodiments, R 4 is —(CH 2 )—.
• R 3 is absent (i.e., n is 0), or is selected from halo, —OH, —C 1 -C 3 alkyl, halo-substituted —C 1 -C 3 alkyl, —O—C 1 -C 3 alkyl, halo-substituted —O—C 1 -C 3 alkyl, —CN, —NH 2 , —NH(C 1 -C 3 alkyl), and —N(C 1 -C 3 alkyl) 2 , or two R 3 bound to the same ring carbon atom are taken together to form ⁇ O.
• R 3 is absent (i.e., n is 0).
• each R 6 present in a compound of Formula (I) is selected from hydrogen and —CH 3 . In a more specific aspect of these embodiments, each R 6 is hydrogen.
• R 7 is located para or meta to R 4 . In certain embodiments, R 7 is located para to R 4 . In one aspect of these embodiments, R 7 comprises L 3 and L 3 is —NR L3a —. In a more specific aspect of these embodiments, R 7 comprises L 3 and L 3 is —NH—. In another aspect of these embodiments, R 7 comprises Y, and Y is ⁇ O. In still another aspect of these embodiments, R 7 comprises at least one of R E1 , R E2 and R E3 and one of the R E1 , R E2 or R E3 that is present is —CH 2 N(R E1a ) 2 .
• R 7 comprises at least one of R E1 , R E2 and R E3 ; one of the R E1 , R E2 or R E3 that is present is —CH 2 N(R E1a ) 2 ; and each R E1a is independently an optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 alkyl, or the two R E1a are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted heterocyclyl or an optionally substituted heteroaryl.
• R 7 is
• R 7 is
• R 7 is
• each R E1a is independently an optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 alkyl, or the two R E1a are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted heterocyclyl or an optionally substituted heteroaryl.
• R 7 is para to R 4 and is selected from 4-dimethylaminobut-2-enamido, 4-morpholin-4-ylbut-2-enamido, 4-pyrrolidin-1-ylbut-2-enamido, 4-1H-imidazo-1-ylbut-2-enamido, 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)but-2-enamido, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)(methyl)aminobut-2-enamido, 4-dimethylaminobut-2-enamido, 4-dimethylaminobut-2-enamido, 4-dimethylaminobut-2-enamido, 4-dimethylaminobut-2-enamido, and 4-dimethylaminobut-2-enamido.
• R 7 is para to R 4 and is 4-dimethylaminobut-2-enamido.
• n is 0 or 1; and the single R 8 , if present, is selected C 1 -C 4 alkyl and halogen. In a more specific aspect of these embodiments, R 8 is absent (i.e., m is 0).
• variable in Formula (I) may be selected from a group of chemical moieties
• the invention also encompasses as further embodiments and aspects thereof situations where such variable is: a) selected from any subset of chemical moieties in such a group; and b) any single member of such a group.
• the compound of Formula (I) is selected from:
• the present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of Formula (I), e.g., a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, stereoisomer, or isotopically labeled derivative thereof, as described herein, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
• the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
• the compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, stereoisomer, or isotopically labeled derivative thereof is provided in an effective amount in the pharmaceutical composition.
• the effective amount is a therapeutically effective amount.
• the effective amount is a prophylactically effective amount.
• compositions described herein can be prepared by any method known in the art of pharmacology.
• preparatory methods include the steps of bringing the compound of Formula (I) (the “active ingredient”) into association with a carrier and/or one or more other accessory ingredients, and then, if necessary and/or desirable, shaping and/or packaging the product into a desired single- or multi-dose unit.
• compositions can be prepared, packaged, and/or sold in bulk, as a single unit dose, and/or as a plurality of single unit doses.
• a “unit dose” is a discrete amount of the pharmaceutical composition comprising a predetermined amount of the active ingredient.
• the amount of the active ingredient is generally equal to the dosage of the active ingredient which would be administered to a subject and/or a convenient fraction of such a dosage such as, for example, one-half or one-third of such a dosage.
• Relative amounts of the active ingredient, the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, and/or any additional ingredients in a pharmaceutical composition of the invention will vary, depending upon the identity, size, and/or condition of the subject treated and further depending upon the route by which the composition is to be administered.
• the composition may comprise between 0.1% and 100% (w/w) active ingredient.
• pharmaceutically acceptable excipient refers to a non-toxic carrier, adjuvant, diluent, or vehicle that does not destroy the pharmacological activity of the compound with which it is formulated.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable excipients useful in the manufacture of the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention are any of those that are well known in the art of pharmaceutical formulation and include inert diluents, dispersing and/or granulating agents, surface active agents and/or emulsifiers, disintegrating agents, binding agents, preservatives, buffering agents, lubricating agents, and/or oils.
• compositions of the invention include, but are not limited to, ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin, serum proteins, such as human serum albumin, buffer substances such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, such as protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose-based substances, polyethylene glycol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene-polyoxypropylene-block polymers, polyethylene glycol and wool fat.
• ion exchangers alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin
• serum proteins such as human serum albumin
• buffer substances such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate,
• compositions of the present invention may be administered orally, parenterally (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous and intradermal), by inhalation spray, topically, rectally, nasally, buccally, vaginally or via an implanted reservoir.
• provided compounds or compositions are administrable intravenously and/or orally.
• parenteral includes subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intraocular, intravitreal, intra-articular, intra-synovial, intrasternal, intrathecal, intrahepatic, intraperitoneal intralesional and intracranial injection or infusion techniques.
• the compositions are administered orally, subcutaneously, intraperitoneally or intravenously.
• Sterile injectable forms of the compositions of this invention may be aqueous or oleaginous suspension. These suspensions may be formulated according to techniques known in the art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents.
• the sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example as a solution in 1,3-butanediol.
• a non-toxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent for example as a solution in 1,3-butanediol.
• acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution.
• sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium.
• compositions of this invention may be orally administered in any orally acceptable dosage form including, but not limited to, capsules, tablets, aqueous suspensions or solutions.
• carriers commonly used include lactose and corn starch.
• Lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate, are also typically added.
• useful diluents include lactose and dried cornstarch.
• aqueous suspensions are required for oral use, the active ingredient is combined with emulsifying and suspending agents. If desired, certain sweetening, flavoring or coloring agents may also be added.
• a provided oral formulation is formulated for immediate release or sustained/delayed release.
• the composition is suitable for buccal or sublingual administration, including tablets, lozenges and pastilles.
• a provided compound can also be in micro-encapsulated form.
• compositions of this invention may be administered in the form of suppositories for rectal administration.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of this invention may also be administered topically, especially when the target of treatment includes areas or organs readily accessible by topical application, including diseases of the eye, the skin, or the lower intestinal tract. Suitable topical formulations are readily prepared for each of these areas or organs.
• Topical application for the lower intestinal tract can be effected in a rectal suppository formulation (see above) or in a suitable enema formulation. Topically-transdermal patches may also be used.
• compositions may be formulated as micronized suspensions or in an ointment such as petrolatum.
• compositions of this invention may also be administered by nasal aerosol or inhalation.
• compositions suitable for administration to humans are principally directed to pharmaceutical compositions which are suitable for administration to humans, it will be understood by the skilled artisan that such compositions are generally suitable for administration to animals of all sorts. Modification of pharmaceutical compositions suitable for administration to humans in order to render the compositions suitable for administration to various animals is well understood, and the ordinarily skilled veterinary pharmacologist can design and/or perform such modification with ordinary experimentation.
• compositions of the present invention are typically formulated in dosage unit form, e.g., single unit dosage form, for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage. It will be understood, however, that the total daily usage of the compositions of the present invention will be decided by the attending physician within the scope of sound medical judgment.
• the specific therapeutically effective dose level for any particular subject or organism will depend upon a variety of factors including the disease being treated and the severity of the disorder; the activity of the specific active ingredient employed; the specific composition employed; the age, body weight, general health, sex and diet of the subject; the time of administration, route of administration, and rate of excretion of the specific active ingredient employed; the duration of the treatment; drugs used in combination or coincidental with the specific active ingredient employed; and like factors well known in the medical arts.
• the exact amount of a compound required to achieve an effective amount will vary from subject to subject, depending, for example, on species, age, and general condition of a subject, severity of the side effects or disorder, identity of the particular compound(s), mode of administration, and the like.
• the desired dosage can be delivered three times a day, two times a day, once a day, every other day, every third day, every week, every two weeks, every three weeks, or every four weeks.
• the desired dosage can be delivered using multiple administrations (e.g., two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, or more administrations).
• an effective amount of a compound for administration one or more times a day to a 70 kg adult human may comprise about 0.0001 mg to about 3000 mg, about 0.0001 mg to about 2000 mg, about 0.0001 mg to about 1000 mg, about 0.001 mg to about 1000 mg, about 0.01 mg to about 1000 mg, about 0.1 mg to about 1000 mg, about 1 mg to about 1000 mg, about 1 mg to about 100 mg, about 10 mg to about 1000 mg, or about 100 mg to about 1000 mg, of a compound per unit dosage form.
• the compounds of Formula (I) may be at dosage levels sufficient to deliver from about 0.001 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg, from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 50 mg/kg, preferably from about 0.1 mg/kg to about 40 mg/kg, preferably from about 0.5 mg/kg to about 30 mg/kg, from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg, from about 0.1 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg, and more preferably from about 1 mg/kg to about 25 mg/kg, of subject body weight per day, one or more times a day, to obtain the desired therapeutic effect.
• dose ranges as described herein provide guidance for the administration of provided pharmaceutical compositions to an adult.
• the amount to be administered to, for example, a child or an adolescent can be determined by a medical practitioner or person skilled in the art and can be lower or the same as that administered to an adult.
• a compound or composition, as described herein can be administered in combination with one or more additional pharmaceutical agents.
• the compounds or compositions can be administered in combination with additional pharmaceutical agents that improve their bioavailability, reduce and/or modify their metabolism, inhibit their excretion, and/or modify their distribution within the body.
• additional pharmaceutical agents that improve their bioavailability, reduce and/or modify their metabolism, inhibit their excretion, and/or modify their distribution within the body.
• the therapy employed may achieve a desired effect for the same disorder, and/or it may achieve different effects.
• the compound or composition can be administered concurrently with, prior to, or subsequent to, one or more additional pharmaceutical agents, which may be useful as, e.g., combination therapies.
• Pharmaceutical agents include therapeutically active agents.
• Pharmaceutical agents also include prophylactically active agents.
• Each additional pharmaceutical agent may be administered at a dose and/or on a time schedule determined for that pharmaceutical agent.
• the additional pharmaceutical agents may also be administered together with each other and/or with the compound or composition described herein in a single dose or administered separately in different doses.
• the particular combination to employ in a regimen will take into account compatibility of the inventive compound with the additional pharmaceutical agents and/or the desired therapeutic and/or prophylactic effect to be achieved. In general, it is expected that the additional pharmaceutical agents utilized in combination be utilized at levels that do not exceed the levels at which they are utilized individually. In some embodiments, the levels utilized in combination will be lower than those utilized individually.
• Exemplary additional pharmaceutical agents include, but are not limited to, anti-proliferative agents, anti-cancer agents, anti-diabetic agents, anti-inflammatory agents, immunosuppressant agents, and a pain-relieving agent.
• Pharmaceutical agents include small organic molecules such as drug compounds (e.g., compounds approved by the U.S.
• CFR Code of Federal Regulations
• proteins proteins, carbohydrates, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, nucleoproteins, mucoproteins, lipoproteins, synthetic polypeptides or proteins, small molecules linked to proteins, glycoproteins, steroids, nucleic acids, DNAs, RNAs, nucleotides, nucleosides, oligonucleotides, antisense oligonucleotides, lipids, hormones, vitamins, and cells.
• CFR Code of Federal Regulations
• kits e.g., pharmaceutical packs.
• the inventive kits may be useful for preventing and/or treating a proliferative disease (e.g., cancer (e.g., leukemia, melanoma, multiple myeloma), benign neoplasm, angiogenesis, inflammatory disease, autoinflammatory disease, or autoimmune disease).
• the kits provided may comprise an inventive pharmaceutical composition or compound and a container (e.g., a vial, ampule, bottle, syringe, and/or dispenser package, or other suitable container).
• provided kits may optionally further include a second container comprising a pharmaceutical excipient for dilution or suspension of an inventive pharmaceutical composition or compound.
• the inventive pharmaceutical composition or compound provided in the container and the second container are combined to form one unit dosage form.
• kits including a first container comprising a compound described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, stereoisomer, and isotopically labeled derivative, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
• the kit of the invention includes a first container comprising a compound described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
• the kits are useful in preventing and/or treating a proliferative disease in a subject.
• kits further include instructions for administering the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically and labeled derivative thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof, to a subject to prevent and/or treat a proliferative disease.
• the present invention also provides methods for the treatment or prevention of a proliferative disease (e.g., cancer, benign neoplasm, angiogenesis, inflammatory disease, autoinflammatory disease, or autoimmune disease) or an infectious disease (e.g., a viral disease) in a subject.
• a proliferative disease e.g., cancer, benign neoplasm, angiogenesis, inflammatory disease, autoinflammatory disease, or autoimmune disease
• infectious disease e.g., a viral disease
• Such methods comprise the step of administering to the subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, stereoisomer, or isotopically labeled derivative thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
• the methods described herein include administering to a subject an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
• the subject being treated is a mammal.
• the subject is a human.
• the subject is a domesticated animal, such as a dog, cat, cow, pig, horse, sheep, or goat.
• the subject is a companion animal such as a dog or cat.
• the subject is a livestock animal such as a cow, pig, horse, sheep, or goat.
• the subject is a zoo animal.
• the subject is a research animal such as a rodent, dog, or non-human primate.
• the subject is a non-human transgenic animal such as a transgenic mouse or transgenic pig.
• the proliferative disease to be treated or prevented using the compounds of Formula (I) will typically be associated with aberrant activity of a CDK, and more specifically CDK7.
• Aberrant activity of CDK7 may be an elevated and/or an inappropriate (e.g., abnormal) activity of CDK7.
• CDK7 is not overexpressed, and the activity of CDK7 is elevated and/or inappropriate.
• CDK7 is overexpressed, and the activity of CDK7 is elevated and/or inappropriate.
• the compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, hydrates, tautomers, stereoisomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, and compositions thereof, may inhibit the activity of CDK7 and be useful in treating and/or preventing proliferative diseases.
• the proliferative disease to be treated or prevented using the compounds of Formula (I) will typically be associated with aberrant activity of CDK12.
• Aberrant activity of CDK12 may be an elevated and/or an inappropriate (e.g., abnormal) activity of CDK12.
• CDK12 is not overexpressed, and the activity of CDK12 is elevated and/or inappropriate.
• CDK12 is overexpressed, and the activity of CDK12 is elevated and/or inappropriate.
• the compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, hydrates, tautomers, stereoisomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, and compositions thereof may inhibit the activity of CDK12 and be useful in treating and/or preventing proliferative diseases.
• the proliferative disease to be treated or prevented using the compounds of Formula (I) will typically be associated with aberrant activity of CDK13.
• Aberrant activity of CDK13 may be an elevated and/or an inappropriate (e.g., abnormal) activity of CDK13.
• CDK13 is not overexpressed, and the activity of CDK13 is elevated and/or inappropriate.
• CDK13 is overexpressed, and the activity of CDK13 is elevated and/or inappropriate.
• the compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, hydrates, tautomers, stereoisomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, and compositions thereof, may inhibit the activity of CDK13 and be useful in treating and/or preventing proliferative diseases.
• a proliferative disease may also be associated with inhibition of apoptosis of a cell in a biological sample or subject. All types of biological samples described herein or known in the art are contemplated as being within the scope of the invention. Inhibition of the activity of CDK7 is expected to cause cytotoxicity via induction of apoptosis.
• the compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, hydrates, tautomers, stereoisomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, and compositions thereof, may induce apoptosis, and therefore, be useful in treating and/or preventing proliferative diseases.
• the proliferative disease to be treated or prevented using the compounds of Formula (I) is cancer. All types of cancers disclosed herein or known in the art are contemplated as being within the scope of the invention.
• the proliferative disease is a cancer associated with dependence on BCL-2 anti-apoptotic proteins (e.g., MCL-1 and/or XIAP).
• the proliferative disease is a cancer associated with overexpression of MYC (a gene that codes for a transcription factor).
• the proliferative disease is a hematological malignancy.
• the proliferative disease is a blood cancer. In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease is leukemia.
• the proliferative disease is chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease is T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease is chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease is acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease is lymphoma. In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease is melanoma. In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease is multiple myeloma.
• CLL chronic lymphocytic leukemia
• ALL acute lymphoblastic leukemia
• T-ALL T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
• the proliferative disease is chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).
• the proliferative disease is acute myelogenous le
• the proliferative disease is a bone cancer. In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease is osteosarcoma. In some embodiments, the proliferative disease is Ewing's sarcoma. In some embodiments, the proliferative disease is triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In some embodiments, the proliferative disease is a brain cancer. In some embodiments, the proliferative disease is neuroblastoma. In some embodiments, the proliferative disease is a lung cancer. In some embodiments, the proliferative disease is small cell lung cancer (SCLC). In some embodiments, the proliferative disease is large cell lung cancer. In some embodiments, the proliferative disease is a benign neoplasm. All types of benign neoplasms disclosed herein or known in the art are contemplated as being within the scope of the invention.
• the proliferative disease is associated with angiogenesis. All types of angiogenesis disclosed herein or known in the art are contemplated as being within the scope of the invention.
• the proliferative disease is an inflammatory disease. All types of inflammatory diseases disclosed herein or known in the art are contemplated as being within the scope of the invention. In certain embodiments, the inflammatory disease is rheumatoid arthritis. In some embodiments, the proliferative disease is an autoinflammatory disease. All types of autoinflammatory diseases disclosed herein or known in the art are contemplated as being within the scope of the invention. In some embodiments, the proliferative disease is an autoimmune disease. All types of autoimmune diseases disclosed herein or known in the art are contemplated as being within the scope of the invention.
• the cell described herein may be an abnormal cell.
• the cell may be in vitro or in vivo.
• the cell is a proliferative cell.
• the cell is a blood cell.
• the cell is a lymphocyte.
• the cell is a cancer cell.
• the cell is a leukemia cell.
• the cell is a CLL cell.
• the cell is a melanoma cell.
• the cell is a multiple myeloma cell.
• the cell is a benign neoplastic cell.
• the cell is an endothelial cell.
• the cell is an immune cell.
• the present invention provides methods of down-regulating the expression of a CDK (e.g., CDK7, CDK1, CDK2, CDK5, CDK8, CDK9, CDK12, CDK13) in a biological sample or subject.
• a CDK e.g., CDK7, CDK1, CDK2, CDK5, CDK8, CDK9, CDK12, CDK13
• the present invention provides methods of down-regulating the expression of CDK7 in a biological sample or subject.
• the present invention provides methods of down-regulating the expression of IRAK1, JNK1, JNK2, or MLK3 in a biological sample or subject.
• the kinase is CDK. In certain embodiments, the kinase is CDK7. In other embodiments, the kinase is CDK12 or CDK13. In certain embodiments, the activity of the kinase is aberrant activity of the kinase. In certain embodiments, the inhibition of the activity of the kinase is irreversible. In other embodiments, the inhibition of the activity of the kinase is reversible. In certain embodiments, the methods of inhibiting the activity of the kinase include attaching a compound of Formula (I) to the kinase.
• the methods described herein comprise the additional step of administering one or more additional pharmaceutical agents in combination with the compound of Formula (I), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or compositions comprising such compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• additional pharmaceutical agents include, but are not limited to, anti-proliferative agents, anti-cancer agents, anti-diabetic agents, anti-inflammatory agents, immunosuppressant agents, and a pain-relieving agent.
• the additional pharmaceutical agent(s) may synergistically augment inhibition of CDK7, CDK12, or CDK13 induced by the inventive compounds or compositions of this invention in the biological sample or subject.
• the additional pharmaceutical agent is flavopiridol, triptolide, SNS-032 (BMS-387032), PHA-767491, PHA-793887, BS-181, (S)—CR8, (R)—CR8, or NU6140.
• the additional pharmaceutical agent is an inhibitor of a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK).
• the additional pharmaceutical agent is an inhibitor of a glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3).
• the additional pharmaceutical agent is an inhibitor of an AGC kinase.
• the additional pharmaceutical agent is an inhibitor of a CaM kinase.
• the additional pharmaceutical agent is an inhibitor of a casein kinase 1. In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is an inhibitor of a STE kinase. In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is an inhibitor of a tyrosine kinase.
• the combination of the inventive compounds or compositions and the additional pharmaceutical agent(s) may be useful in treating proliferative diseases resistant to a treatment using the additional pharmaceutical agent(s) without the inventive compounds or compositions.
• the one or more additional pharmaceutical agents are independently selected from a topoisomerase inhibitor, a MCL1 inhibitor, a BCL-2 inhibitor, a BCL-xL inhibitor, a BRD4 inhibitor, a CDK9 inhibitor, a Jumonji histone demethylase inhibitor, and a DNA damage inducer.
• the one or more additional agents is selected from etoposide, obatoclax, navitoclax, JQ1, 4-(((5′-chloro-2′-(((1R,4R)-4-(((R)-1-methoxypropan-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)-[2,4′-bipyridin]-6-yl)amino)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carbonitrile, JIB04 and cisplatin.
• the additional agent is selected from etoposide, obatoclax, and navitoclax and the disease to be treated is breast cancer, e.g., triple-negative breast cancer, HER2 positive breast cancer, ER-positive breast cancer, or ER/PR-positive breast cancer.
• the additional agent is selected from etoposide, JIB04 and cisplatin and the disease to be treated is Ewing's sarcoma.
• the additional agent is selected from JQ1 and NVP2, and the disease to be treated is leukemia, e.g., acute myelogenous leukemia, myeloblastic leukemia, promyelocytic leukemia, myelomonocytic leukemia, monocytic leukemia, monoblastic leukemia, or megakaryoblastic leukemia.
• leukemia e.g., acute myelogenous leukemia, myeloblastic leukemia, promyelocytic leukemia, myelomonocytic leukemia, monocytic leukemia, monoblastic leukemia, or megakaryoblastic leukemia.
• the present invention provides the compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, hydrates, tautomers, stereoisomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, and compositions thereof, for use in the treatment of a proliferative disease in a subject.
• the compounds described herein, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and compositions thereof, for use in the treatment of a proliferative disease in a subject are provided by the invention.
• provided by the invention are the compounds described herein, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and compositions thereof, for use in inhibiting cell growth.
• provided by the invention are the compounds described herein, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and compositions thereof, for use in inducing apoptosis in a cell. In certain embodiments, provided by the invention are the compounds described herein, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and compositions thereof, for use in inhibiting transcription.
• protecting groups may be necessary to prevent certain functional groups from undergoing undesired reactions.
• suitable protecting group for a particular functional group as well as suitable conditions for protection and deprotection are well known in the art. For example, numerous protecting groups, and their introduction and removal, are described in Greene et al., Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis , Second Edition, Wiley, New York, 1991, and references cited therein.
• Trifluoroacetic acid (0.93 mL, 12.2 mmol) was added to a stirring solution of tert-butyl 3-((5-chloro-4-(1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamino)methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (355 mg, 0.67 mmol) in DCM (2.7 mL) at 0° C.
• the resulting solution was stirred 1 h at rt, concentrated under reduced pressure, and diluted with DCM (20 mL) and sat NaHCO 3 (10 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (2 ⁇ 15 mL). The combined organics layers were dried (MgSO 4 ), filtered, and concentrated to afford the title compound (324 g, 0.67 mmol, 100%) as a yellow foam which was used in the next step without further purification.
• the nitro compound (375 mg) was suspended in 30 mL of ethyl acetate/methanol (5:1) and treated with SnCl 2 (280 mg, 2.5 equiv). After stirring for 2 h at 80° C., the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and poured into saturated aqueous NaHCO 3 . The mixture was stirred for 10 min and the aqueous phase was then extracted with 100 mL chloroform and 2-propanol (4:1). The combined organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried over MgSO 4 , filtered through a pad of Celite® and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting crude product was purified by flash column chromatography with CH 2 Cl 2 /methanol (10:1) to provide the title compound (210 mg, 60%).
• the nitro compound (52 mg, 0.080 mmol) was suspended in ethyl acetate/methanol (5:1, vol/vol, 10 mL) and the resulted suspension was treated with SnCl 2 (40 mg, 2.5 equiv). After stirring for 2 hours at 80° C., the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and then was poured into a saturated NaHCO 3 solution (10 mL). The mixture was stirred for 10 minutes and then was extracted with chloroform/2-propanol (4:1, vol/vol, 50 mL). The organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried over MgSO 4 , filtered through a pad of Celite® and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude was purified by HPLC to provide the product (32 mg, 61%). MS (m/z): 587 [M+1] + .
• Compounds of the invention were assayed for activity against a variety of different kinases at Life TechnologiesTM (Grand Island, N.Y.) using their commercially available Adapta® (for CDK7, CDK9/cyclin T1, and IRAK1 kinases), Z′-Lyte® (for CDK1, CDK2, CDK5/p25, CDK5/p35, JNK1 and JNK2 kinases) and LanthaScreen Eu® (for CDK8, CDK9/cyclin K and MLK3) kinase assay services. Test compounds were tested at 100 nM and 1 ⁇ M final concentrations in 1% DMSO against all kinases except CDK7.
• Adapta® for CDK7, CDK9/cyclin T1, and IRAK1 kinases
• Z′-Lyte® for CDK1, CDK2, CDK5/p25, CDK5/p35, JNK1 and JNK2 kinases
• test compounds were tested at concentrations ranging from 10 ⁇ M down to 0.514 nM in a series of 3-fold serial dilutions. Details of these assays, including substrates used for each kinase, are available on the Life Technologies web site (http://www.lifetechnologies.com/us/en/home/life-science/drug-discovery/target-and-lead-identification-and-validation/kinasebiology/kinase-activity-assays.html). The results of the assay are shown below in Tables 2A and 2B.
• the co-factors used for each kinase in the assays were as follows CDK1—cyclin B; CDK2—cyclin A; CDK5—p25 or p35 as indicated; CDK7—cyclin H and MNAT1; CDK8—cyclin C; CDK9—cyclin K or cyclin T1 as indicated; IRAK1—Histone H3 (1-20) peptide; JNK1—none required; JNK2—none required; MLK3—none required.
• Representative compounds of the invention were tested at different concentrations (from 10 ⁇ M to 316 pM; 0.5 log serial dilutions) for their ability to inhibit the proliferation of Jurkat cells.
• Cells were grown in RPMI 1640+10% FBS+1% Glutamax supplemented with FBS (Life Technologies) and 100 U ⁇ mL ⁇ 1 penicillin, 100 ⁇ g ⁇ mL ⁇ 1 streptomycin (Invitrogen) and cultured at 37° C. in a humidified chamber in the presence of 5% CO 2 .
• Proliferation assays were conducted over a 72 hour time period.
• CellTiter-Glo® Promega Corporation, Madison, Wis.
• the invention encompasses all variations, combinations, and permutations in which one or more limitations, elements, clauses, and descriptive terms from one or more of the listed claims is introduced into another claim.
• any claim that is dependent on another claim can be modified to include one or more limitations found in any other claim that is dependent on the same base claim.
• elements are presented as lists, e.g., in Markush group format, each subgroup of the elements is also disclosed, and any element(s) can be removed from the group. It should it be understood that, in general, where the invention, or aspects of the invention, is/are referred to as comprising particular elements and/or features, certain embodiments of the invention or aspects of the invention consist, or consist essentially of, such elements and/or features.

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• 2014
  • 2014-10-17 EP EP14799918.9A patent/EP3057955B1/fr active Active
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