US20150359400A1 - Nonwoven fabric - Google Patents

Nonwoven fabric Download PDF

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Publication number
US20150359400A1
US20150359400A1 US14/764,292 US201414764292A US2015359400A1 US 20150359400 A1 US20150359400 A1 US 20150359400A1 US 201414764292 A US201414764292 A US 201414764292A US 2015359400 A1 US2015359400 A1 US 2015359400A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
fiber
nonwoven fabric
section
cross
oblate
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US14/764,292
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English (en)
Inventor
Teruhiko Kasahara
Masahiro Taninomiya
Shunma Miyauchi
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Toray Industries Inc
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Toray Industries Inc
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Assigned to TORAY INDUSTRIES, INC. reassignment TORAY INDUSTRIES, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KASAHARA, Teruhiko, MIYAUCHI, Shunma, TANINOMIYA, Masahiro
Publication of US20150359400A1 publication Critical patent/US20150359400A1/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • D04H1/43825—Composite fibres
    • D04H1/43828—Composite fibres sheath-core
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L13/00—Implements for cleaning floors, carpets, furniture, walls, or wall coverings
    • A47L13/10—Scrubbing; Scouring; Cleaning; Polishing
    • A47L13/16—Cloths; Pads; Sponges
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
    • A45D34/00—Containers or accessories specially adapted for handling liquid toiletry or cosmetic substances, e.g. perfumes
    • A45D34/04—Appliances specially adapted for applying liquid, e.g. using roller or ball
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/425—Cellulose series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H1/435—Polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • D04H1/43825—Composite fibres
    • D04H1/43832—Composite fibres side-by-side
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • D04H1/43835—Mixed fibres, e.g. at least two chemically different fibres or fibre blends
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4391—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece characterised by the shape of the fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4391—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece characterised by the shape of the fibres
    • D04H1/43912—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece characterised by the shape of the fibres fibres with noncircular cross-sections
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
    • A45D2200/00—Details not otherwise provided for in A45D
    • A45D2200/10—Details of applicators
    • A45D2200/1009—Applicators comprising a pad, tissue, sponge, or the like
    • A45D2200/1018—Applicators comprising a pad, tissue, sponge, or the like comprising a pad, i.e. a cushion-like mass of soft material, with or without gripping means
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2201/00—Cellulose-based fibres, e.g. vegetable fibres
    • D10B2201/20—Cellulose-derived artificial fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/04—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyesters, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate [PET]

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to a nonwoven fabric that exhibits excellent absorption together with high holding of liquid such as water and chemical solutions as well as excellent bulkiness, softness, and texture and, therefore, is particularly suitable for use as a nonwoven fabric for skin in cosmetic or cleansing uses. More specifically, the disclosure relates to a nonwoven fabric well adapted for use as a wiper which, when used for cosmetic purpose, exhibits high holding of the cosmetic liquid with releasability of the liquid as needed, and when used for cleansing purposes, exhibits high wiping performance without damaging the skin with the wiped smudges retained within the nonwoven fabric without re-deposition.
  • Nonwoven fabrics have been proposed as a nonwoven fabric for human cleansing applications used in wet conditions.
  • An exemplary such nonwoven fabric is the one containing 40 to 77% by weight of a polyester fiber and a polyolefin fiber in the entire fabric, and this highly soft fabric does not experience loss of bulkiness when wet (see Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 2010-84297).
  • the nonwoven fabric of that proposal suffers from the problems of poor liquid retention due to the lack of rigidity and insufficient bulkiness as well as insufficient cleansing ability.
  • a nonwoven fabric for wiper application having good bulkiness, wiping ability, and actual usability prepared by using a fiber having an irregular cross section and a fibrillated fiber has also been proposed (see Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 2010-81987).
  • Korean Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 2010-81987) the situation is not such that every fiber having an irregular cross section has improved liquid holding and cleansing ability irrespective of its cross-sectional shape, and fibrillated fibers which often have pointed fiber cross section had the problem of the risk of damaging the skin when they are used for human cleansing purpose.
  • nonwoven fabric containing a fiber having an irregular cross section with hollow cross section is said to exhibit liquid holding and cleansing ability (see Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 2009-79320).
  • the nonwoven fabric of that proposal exhibits improved liquid holding due to its shape of cross section. However, it suffers from collapse of the hollow section and, hence, insufficient shape retention, and this results in insufficient liquid holding performance.
  • a sheet material for water-absorbing article having improved tensile strength and anti-transparency is also proposed (see Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 2012-197546).
  • the main fiber constituting that sheet is characterized by the single fiber cross-sectional shape having a degree of oblateness of up to 2.0 and at least 2 openings each having an opening angle of less than 120 degrees.
  • the nonwoven fabric of that proposal suffers from the problem of insufficient softness as a nonwoven fabric due to the low degree of oblateness despite its good anti-transparency by the diffuse reflection.
  • nonwoven fabric that exhibits high absorption, retention, and release of liquids that could not be realized by conventional methods as described above or sole use of the natural fiber or the cellulose fiber, suitable bulkiness and softness, and reduced irritation to the skin due to the texture together with improved wiping ability, and is well adapted for use in human cleansing and cosmetic wiper applications.
  • nonwoven fabric comprising 20 to 80% by weight of a polyester fiber having an oblate multilobal cross section and 20 to 80% by weight of a cellulose fiber wherein
  • the polyester fiber having an oblate multilobal cross section has an oblate cross section with at least 6 lobes on its periphery
  • the cross section of the polyester fiber having a multilobal oblate cross section has maximum length A, maximum width B, length C of line connecting adjacent lobe apexes in the section with largest lobes, and length D of perpendicular between the line C connecting the adjacent lobe apexes and the bottom of recess between the adjacent lobes,
  • maximum length A of the polyester fiber having an oblate multilobal cross section is regarded as an axis of symmetry, and line segments are depicted between opposing lobe apexes on opposite sides of the maximum length A, and second longest line segment next to the maximum width B of the line segments has length E, lobe ratio (E/B) satisfies relation (3):
  • the polyester fiber having a multilobal oblate cross section has a single-fiber fineness of up to 2.0 dtex.
  • the nonwoven fabric is particularly adapted for use as a nonwoven fabric for a wiper.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view for illustrating the cross section of the polyester fiber having an oblate multilobal cross section with a plurality of lobes (8 lobes) on its periphery used in the nonwoven fabric.
  • the cellulose fiber is at least one cellulose fiber selected from natural fibers such as linen, silk, and cotton, regenerated fibers such as viscose rayon, cuprammonium rayon, and solvent spun cellulose, and semi-synthetic fibers such as acetate. Of these, the preferred is viscose rayon and solvent spun cellulose in view of handling convenience and versatility.
  • the cellulose fiber may have any cross section, while the cross section is preferably oblate shape having lobes and recesses on its periphery. Larger number of the lobes and recesses on the periphery corresponds to higher liquid absorption, and in addition, reduced water spot due to uniform liquid dispersion to the entire nonwoven fabric by the capillary action.
  • the number of lobes on the periphery is preferably at least 5, and more preferably at least 8.
  • the shape of the lobe and the recess is curbed in view of the texture.
  • the cellulose fiber may preferably have a single fiber fineness of 1.0 to 5 dtex.
  • the single fiber fineness is more preferably 1.2 to 2.2 dtex.
  • the single fiber fineness is less than 1.0 dtex, the fiber is easily wound around the card cylinder, and this may invite drastic loss of processability. As a result, the nonwoven fabric is likely to suffer from texture unevenness.
  • the single fiber fineness is in excess of 5 dtex, the nonwoven fabric will have a hard feel and this tends to be particularly unfavorable for use with human.
  • Increased size of the single fiber also results in the excessive increase in the size of the gap between the fibers, and this tends to result in the drastic loss of the liquid holding.
  • the cellulose fiber preferably has a fiber length of 30 to 80 mm in view of efficiently producing a nonwoven fabric exhibiting a high interlace with other constituent fibers such as polyester fiber, high liquid absorption, sufficient liquid holding and release, and uniform texture.
  • the fiber length is more preferably 35 to 64 mm.
  • Exemplary commercially available cellulose fibers include rayon manufactured by Daiwabo Rayon Co., Ltd. of Japan.
  • the content of the cellulose fiber is 20 to 80% by weight.
  • the blend ratio (content) of the cellulose fiber is less than 20% by weight, water absorption for the liquid impregnation will be reduced, and function of holding the water in the nonwoven fabric will be insufficient and the liquid will unnecessarily flow out of the nonwoven fabric during its use. The flexibility inherent to the cellulose fiber will also be lost from the nonwoven fabric, and the texture in its use will be unfavorable.
  • the blend ratio of the cellulose fiber in excess of 80% by weight will invite holding of the impregnated liquid in the fiber, and the fiber will not be able to release a sufficient amount of liquid when needed.
  • the nonwoven fabric will also lose its bulkiness, and this will invite reduced liquid retention as well as bulky touch. Accordingly, the preferred content of the cellulose fiber is 40 to 60% by weight.
  • the polyester constituting the polyester fiber is, for example, high molecular weight polymer produced by condensation between terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol or butylene glycol, condensation product of sebacic acid, adipic acid, trimellitic acid, isophthalic acid, paraoxybenzoic acid or the like with ethylene glycol or butylene glycol, or a polyester polymer containing other polyesters.
  • the polyester fiber having an oblate multilobal cross section is an oblate fiber wherein the cross section has at least 6 lobes on the periphery.
  • the polyester fiber having an oblate multilobal cross section is a polyester fiber having an oblate cross section having at least 6 lobes.
  • the oblate cross section realizes gaps between the fibers, and this gap formed between the fibers results in the excellent bulkiness.
  • use of such polyester fiber results in the higher likeliness of bending or flattening of the single fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric and, hence, in soft feel.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of the cross-sectional shape of the single fiber of the polyester fiber having an oblate multilobal cross section.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the cross-sectional shape of the polyester fiber having an oblate multilobal cross section according to the nonwoven fabric having a plurality of lobes (8 lobes) on its periphery.
  • the polyester fiber has an oblate cross section with at least 6, preferably at least 8, and more preferably at least 10 lobes.
  • the upper limit for the number of lobes is preferably 12, and the lobes preferably have a curved shape in view of the texture.
  • the polyester fiber having an oblate multilobal cross section has an oblate multilobal cross section of the single fiber which simultaneously has the degree of oblateness (A/B) and the degree of irregularity (C/D) satisfying relations (1) and (2):
  • A is length of the longest line segment of the oblate multilobal cross section
  • B is length of the line segment which is the maximum width between the lobe apexes perpendicular to the line segment length A.
  • C is length of the line segment connecting adjacent lobe apexes which are the largest lobes of the oblate multilobal cross section.
  • D is length of the perpendicular between the line C connecting the adjacent lobe apexes and the bottom of recess between the adjacent lobes.
  • the polyester fiber having an oblate multilobal cross section and used by blending with another fiber may have a degree of oblateness and degree of irregularity simultaneously satisfying relations (1) and (2) when the cross section of the polyester fiber having a multilobal oblate cross section has maximum length A, maximum width B, length C of line connecting adjacent lobe apexes in the section with largest lobes, and length D of perpendicular between the line C connecting the adjacent lobe apexes and the bottom of recess between the adjacent lobes.
  • the degree of oblateness (A/B) is preferably 2.0 to 2.7, and more preferably 2.0 to 2.5.
  • the degree of irregularity (C/D) shows size of the recess between adjacent lobes in the oblate multilobal cross section, and the larger degree of irregularity means the smaller recess while the smaller degree of irregularity means the larger recess. Since larger degree of irregularity (C/D) results in the shallow recess, namely, in the smaller space between the fibers, and this results in the lower water absorption and retention and, also, in the lower wiping ability of the smudges. Accordingly, the degree of irregularity (C/D) is up to 5.0. An excessively small degree of irregularity (C/D) invites easy bending of the cross section at the recess, and retention the oblate shape tends to be difficult.
  • the fiber is easily damaged by abrasion, and this results in the risk of skin damage upon frictional contact with the skin.
  • the degree of irregularity (C/D) is at least 1.0. Accordingly, the degree of irregularity (C/D) is 1.0 to 5.0, and in view of absorption and retention of the liquid as well as wiping ability, the degree of irregularity (C/D) is 2.0 to 4.0 in the more preferable example.
  • the content of the polyester fiber having an oblate multilobal cross section in the nonwoven fabric is 20 to 80% by weight.
  • the blend ratio (content) of the polyester fiber having an oblate multilobal cross section is less than 20% by weight, the nonwoven fabric will lose its bulkiness and this results in the poor liquid holding. The feel of the nonwoven fabric will also be hard detracting from the texture.
  • the blend ratio (content) of the polyester fiber having an oblate multilobal cross section is in excess of 80% by weight, the space between the fibers will be excessive and there will be a problem that the liquid will flow out of the nonwoven fabric during its use despite the good bulkiness of the nonwoven fabric.
  • the content of the polyester fiber having an oblate multilobal cross section in the nonwoven fabric is preferably 40 to 60% by weight.
  • the polyester fiber having an oblate multilobal cross section comprises the polyester fibers satisfying the lobe ratio as defined by relation (3) when maximum length A of the polyester fiber having an oblate multilobal cross section is regarded as axis of symmetry, and line segments are depicted between opposing lobe apexes on opposite sides of the maximum length A, and second longest line segment next to the maximum width B of the line segments has length E.
  • the lobe ratio (E/B) has the meaning of an index to evaluate the degree of deformation of the substantially oblong shape depicted by connecting the lobe apexes at opposite ends of the maximum width B, the E, and the maximum length A.
  • the lobe ratio is too small, the depth of the recess will be insufficient and the cross section will resemble an oblate cross shape to the extremity. As a consequence, the space ratio between the fibers will be reduced, and this results in reduced water absorption and retention.
  • the lobe ratio is preferably at least 0.6.
  • the lobe ratio (E/B) is preferably up to 0.9. Accordingly, the lobe ratio (E/B) is more preferably 0.6 to 0.9, and in view of the balance, the lobe ratio (E/B) is preferably 0.6 to 0.8, and more preferably 0.7 to 0.8.
  • the polyester fiber having an oblate multilobal cross section preferably has a single fiber fineness of up to 2.0 dtex.
  • the single fiber fineness is more preferably 1.0 to 2.0 dtex, and still more preferably 1.2 to 1.8 dtex.
  • rigidity inherent to the polyester fiber will be high, and the texture will be poor with higher irritation to the skin, and the soft feel will be impaired.
  • the gap between the fibers will be excessive, and liquid holding will be poor despite the high liquid retention, and liquid tends to flow out of the nonwoven fabric in the use of the nonwoven fabric.
  • the single fiber fineness of less than 1.0 dtex is likely invite insufficient processability in the carding step as well as reduced productivity.
  • the polyester fiber having an oblate multilobal cross section preferably has a fiber length of 30 to 64 mm to prevent the fiber falling off the nonwoven fabric.
  • the fiber length is more preferably 35 to 51 mm.
  • the nonwoven fabric may additionally include a heat fusion fiber.
  • a heat fusion fiber in the nonwoven fabric enables improvement of the morphological stability which is an important function for use in wiping operation by the heat fusion of the heat fusion fiber.
  • the heat fusion fiber may be a single component-heat fusion fiber, a preferable example is use of a composite-type heat fusion fiber such as side-by-side or core-sheath type heat fusion fiber comprising two or more resin components and including the parts not fused by the heat treatment since the fiber strength is retained by the parts not fused by the heat treatment.
  • Exemplary components constituting the heat fusion fiber include combinations such as 6-nylon and a polyethylene, a polypropylene and a polyethylene, a polypropylene and an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, a polyester and a polypropylene, a polyester and a polyethylene, 6-nylon and 66-nylon, and a high density polyester and a low density polyester.
  • Preferable blend ratio of the heat fusion fiber is 5 to 20% by weight in relation to the weight of the nonwoven fabric.
  • the polyester fiber having an oblate multilobal cross section and the cellulose fiber are carded to form a fiber web.
  • mixing ratio (weight ratio) of the polyester fiber having an oblate multilobal cross section to the cellulose fiber is such that the polyester fiber having an oblate multilobal cross section/cellulose fiber is 20/80 to 80/20, and preferably 30/70 to 70/30.
  • the fiber web formed by the carding is sent to the spunlacing step by a feed lattice, where the web is processed into a sheet by interlacing using a high pressure water jet.
  • the nonwoven fabric after the spunlacing is sent to drying step by a conveyer.
  • the nonwoven fabric may also be subjected to a heat treatment simultaneously with the drying at a temperature solely allowing the melting of the heat fusion fiber.
  • the thus produced nonwoven fabric exhibits excellent water absorption and water retention as well as soft texture and, therefore, the sheet is well adapted for use as a nonwoven fabric for human wiping and cosmetic uses.
  • the sheet obtained from the nonwoven fabric produced as described above exhibits excellent water absorption together with high holding of liquid such as water and chemical solutions as well as excellent bulkiness, softness, and texture and, therefore, such sheets are particularly suitable for use as a nonwoven fabric used for skin in cosmetic or cleansing applications.
  • the sheet When used for cosmetic purposes, the sheet will exhibit high holding of the cosmetic liquid with releasability of the liquid as needed.
  • the sheet When used for cleansing purposes, it exhibits high wiping performance without damaging the skin, and the wiped smudges are retained in the recesses on the fiber surface, namely, within the nonwoven fabric. A sheet with high cleansing performance without re-deposition is thereby realized.
  • Examples of the final application include baby wipes, wet tissues, cleansing sheets, and facial sheets.
  • the evaluation was conducted according to water absorbency defined in JIS L 1907 7.2 (2010).
  • a square test piece of 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm was cut out of the nonwoven fabric having a unit weight of 50 g/m 2 , and its mass (A) was measured.
  • the test piece was immersed in ion exchanged water for 30 seconds.
  • the test piece was collected from the water by pinching a corner of the test piece with forceps, and weight (B) after 1 minute was measured.
  • the liquid retention (C) is calculated by the following equation:
  • Liquid retention C (%) ⁇ ( B ⁇ A )/ A ⁇ 100
  • the evaluation was conducted according to water absorbency defined in JIS L 1907 7.2 (2010).
  • a square test piece of 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm was cut out of the nonwoven fabric having a unit weight of 50 g/m 2 , and its mass (A) was measured.
  • the test piece was immersed in ion exchanged water for 30 seconds.
  • the test piece was collected from the water by pinching a corner of the test piece with forceps, and weight (D) after 5 minutes was measured.
  • the liquid holding (E) is calculated by the following equation:
  • a square test piece of 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm was cut out of the nonwoven fabric having a unit weight of 50 g/m 2 , and the test piece was folded into quarters before the use.
  • the test piece was impregnated with 3 times its weight of water.
  • the wiping ability was evaluated by 5 test participants according to the following criteria by wiping the lipstick applied to their arm with the test piece. “A” was evaluated pass.
  • test piece of 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm was cut out of the nonwoven fabric having a unit weight of 50 g/m 2 , and the test piece was folded into quarters before the use.
  • the test piece was impregnated with 3 times its weight of water.
  • the texture was evaluated by 5 test participants according to the following criteria by wiping their arm with the test piece. “A” was evaluated pass.
  • test piece of 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm was cut out of the nonwoven fabric having a unit weight of 50 g/m 2 , and the test piece was folded into quarters before the use.
  • the test piece was impregnated with 3 times its weight of water.
  • the touch was evaluated by 5 test participants according to the following criteria by gripping the test piece. “A” was evaluated pass.
  • a polyester fiber having oblate multilobal cross section with 8 lobes (single-fiber fineness, 1.7 dtex; fiber length, 51 mm) with degree of oblateness of 2.1, degree of irregularity of 2.7, and lobe ratio of 0.8 and 80% by weight of a rayon fiber (single-fiber fineness, 1.7 dtex; fiber length, 51 mm) were uniformly mixed, and a carded fiber web having a unit weight of 60 g/cm 2 was produced by a commonly used method.
  • a sheet was then prepared by duplex treatment with water jet (water pressure, 50 kg/cm 2 ; speed, 1 m/min; nozzle diameter, 0.1 mm; pitch, 0.6 mm; 834 holes; effective width, 500 mm), and the sheet was dried at a temperature of 120° C. to obtain a nonwoven fabric having a unit weight of 50 g/m 2 .
  • Fiber constitution of the nonwoven fabric is shown in Table 1, and the results of the evaluation are shown in Table 2.
  • a polyester fiber having oblate multilobal cross section with 8 lobes (single-fiber fineness, 1.7 dtex; fiber length, 51 mm) with degree of oblateness of 2.1, degree of irregularity of 2.7, and lobe ratio of 0.8 and 50% by weight of a rayon fiber (single-fiber fineness, 1.7 dtex; fiber length, 51 mm) were uniformly mixed, and a carded fiber web having a unit weight of 60 g/cm 2 was produced by a commonly used method.
  • a sheet was then prepared by duplex treatment with water jet (water pressure, 50 kg/cm 2 ; speed, 1 m/min; nozzle diameter, 0.1 mm; pitch, 0.6 mm; 834 holes; effective width, 500 mm), and the sheet was dried at a temperature of 120° C. to obtain a nonwoven fabric having a unit weight of 50 g/m 2 .
  • Fiber constitution of the nonwoven fabric is shown in Table 1, and the results of the evaluation are shown in Table 2.
  • a polyester fiber having oblate multilobal cross section with 8 lobes (single-fiber fineness, 1.7 dtex; fiber length, 51 mm) with degree of oblateness of 2.1, degree of irregularity of 2.7, and lobe ratio of 0.8 and 20% by weight of a rayon fiber (single-fiber fineness, 1.7 dtex; fiber length, 51 mm) were uniformly mixed, and a carded fiber web having a unit weight of 60 g/cm 2 was produced by a commonly used method.
  • a sheet was then prepared by duplex treatment with water jet (water pressure, 50 kg/cm 2 ; speed, 1 m/min; nozzle diameter, 0.1 mm; pitch, 0.6 mm; 834 holes; effective width, 500 mm), and the sheet was dried at a temperature of 120° C. to obtain a nonwoven fabric having a unit weight of 50 g/m 2 .
  • Fiber constitution of the nonwoven fabric is shown in Table 1, and the results of the evaluation are shown in Table 2.
  • Example 1 Example 2
  • Example 3 Polyester with oblate octalobal cross 20 50 80 section Polyester with hexalobal cross section (degree of oblateness, 1) Polyester with trilobal (Y-shaped) cross section Polyester with substantially C-shaped cross section Polyester with circular cross section Rayon 80 50 20
  • Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Thickness (mm) 3.0 3.3 3.5 Liquid retention (%) 850 930 1110 Liquid holding (%) 44 32 25 Wiping ability A A A Texture A A A Touch (feel) A A A
  • a polyester fiber having oblate multilobal cross section with 8 lobes (single-fiber fineness, 1.7 dtex; fiber length, 51 mm) with degree of oblateness of 2.1, degree of irregularity of 2.7, and lobe ratio of 0.8 and 85% by weight of a rayon fiber (single-fiber fineness, 1.7 dtex; fiber length, 51 mm) were uniformly mixed, and a carded fiber web having a unit weight of 60 g/cm 2 was produced by a method commonly used in the art.
  • a sheet was then prepared by duplex treatment with water jet (water pressure, 50 kg/cm 2 ; speed, 1 m/min; nozzle diameter, 0.1 mm; pitch, 0.6 mm; 834 holes; effective width, 500 mm), and the sheet was dried at a temperature of 120° C. to obtain a nonwoven fabric having a unit weight of 50 g/m 2 .
  • Fiber constitution of the nonwoven fabric is shown in Table 3, and the results of the evaluation are shown in Table 4.
  • a polyester fiber having oblate multilobal cross section with 8 lobes (single-fiber fineness, 1.7 dtex; fiber length, 51 mm) with degree of oblateness of 2.1, degree of irregularity of 2.7, and lobe ratio of 0.8 and 15% by weight of a rayon fiber (single-fiber fineness, 1.7 dtex; fiber length, 51 mm) were uniformly mixed, and a carded fiber web having a unit weight of 60 g/cm 2 was produced by a method commonly used in the art.
  • a sheet was then prepared by duplex treatment with water jet (water pressure, 50 kg/cm 2 ; speed, 1 m/min; nozzle diameter, 0.1 mm; pitch, 0.6 mm; 834 holes; effective width, 500 mm), and the sheet was dried at a temperature of 120° C. to obtain a nonwoven fabric having a unit weight of 50 g/m 2 .
  • Fiber constitution of the nonwoven fabric is shown in Table 3, and the results of the evaluation are shown in Table 4.
  • a carded fiber web having a unit weight of 60 g/cm 2 was produced from 100% by weight of a rayon fiber (single-fiber fineness, 1.7 dtex; fiber length, 51 mm) by a method commonly used in the art.
  • a sheet was then prepared by duplex treatment with water jet (water pressure, 50 kg/cm 2 ; speed, 1 m/min; nozzle diameter, 0.1 mm; pitch, 0.6 mm; 834 holes; effective width, 500 mm), and the sheet was dried at a temperature of 120° C. to obtain a nonwoven fabric having a unit weight of 50 g/m 2 .
  • Fiber constitution of the nonwoven fabric is shown in Table 3, and the results of the evaluation are shown in Table 4.
  • a sheet was then prepared by duplex treatment with water jet (water pressure, 50 kg/cm 2 ; speed, 1 m/min; nozzle diameter, 0.1 mm; pitch, 0.6 mm; 834 holes; effective width, 500 mm), and the sheet was dried at a temperature of 120° C. to obtain a nonwoven fabric having a unit weight of 50 g/m 2 .
  • Fiber constitution of the nonwoven fabric is shown in Table 3, and the results of the evaluation are shown in Table 4.
  • a sheet was then prepared by duplex treatment with water jet (water pressure, 50 kg/cm 2 ; speed, 1 m/min; nozzle diameter, 0.1 mm; pitch, 0.6 mm; 834 holes; effective width, 500 mm), and the sheet was dried at a temperature of 120° C. to obtain a nonwoven fabric having a unit weight of 50 g/m 2 .
  • Fiber constitution of the nonwoven fabric is shown in Table 3, and the results of the evaluation are shown in Table 4.
  • the nonwoven fabric prepared from 20 to 80% by weight of a polyester fiber having an oblate multilobal cross section with 8 lobes on its periphery and 20 to 80% by weight of rayon was confirmed to exhibit a high liquid retention, namely, high capability of retaining liquid such as water and chemical solutions as well as low liquid holding, namely, capability of releasing the retained liquid to enable efficient use of the liquid. High wiping ability as well as good touch (feel) and texture were also confirmed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
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JP7079605B2 (ja) * 2018-01-04 2022-06-02 日本製紙クレシア株式会社 不織布ワイパーおよびその製造方法、製造装置
JP7055068B2 (ja) * 2018-06-12 2022-04-15 花王株式会社 ワイピングシート
JP7130467B2 (ja) * 2018-06-29 2022-09-05 日本バイリーン株式会社 液体化粧料含有シート用不織布
CN112788975A (zh) * 2018-10-02 2021-05-11 花王株式会社 擦拭片材
JP2020133059A (ja) * 2019-02-21 2020-08-31 ユニチカ株式会社 フェイスマスク用積層不織布
JP7566300B2 (ja) * 2020-05-14 2024-10-15 新和産業株式会社 スパンレース不織布
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US20210000703A1 (en) * 2019-07-03 2021-01-07 HCT Group Holdings Limited Multiple durometer cosmetic pad

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