US20140105830A1 - Abuse-proofed dosage form - Google Patents

Abuse-proofed dosage form Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20140105830A1
US20140105830A1 US14/138,323 US201314138323A US2014105830A1 US 20140105830 A1 US20140105830 A1 US 20140105830A1 US 201314138323 A US201314138323 A US 201314138323A US 2014105830 A1 US2014105830 A1 US 2014105830A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
dosage form
form according
component
abuse
active ingredient
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US14/138,323
Inventor
Johannes Bartholomäus
Heinrich Kugelmann
Elisabeth Arkenau Maric
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gruenenthal GmbH
Original Assignee
Gruenenthal GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=34112032&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=US20140105830(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Gruenenthal GmbH filed Critical Gruenenthal GmbH
Priority to US14/138,323 priority Critical patent/US20140105830A1/en
Publication of US20140105830A1 publication Critical patent/US20140105830A1/en
Assigned to Grünenthal GmbH reassignment Grünenthal GmbH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KUGELMANN, HEINRICH, DR., Bartholomäus, Johannes, Dr., ARKENAU-MARIC, ELISABETH, DR.
Assigned to Grünenthal GmbH reassignment Grünenthal GmbH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KUGELMANN, HEINRICH, DR., Bartholomäus, Johannes, Dr., ARKENAU-MARIC, ELISABETH, DR.
Priority to US14/945,598 priority patent/US20160074388A1/en
Priority to US15/265,263 priority patent/US10130591B2/en
Priority to US16/145,936 priority patent/US20190029976A1/en
Priority to US16/797,016 priority patent/US20200188333A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/13—Amines
    • A61K31/135—Amines having aromatic rings, e.g. ketamine, nortriptyline
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
    • A61K31/485—Morphinan derivatives, e.g. morphine, codeine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A61K31/513—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim having oxo groups directly attached to the heterocyclic ring, e.g. cytosine
    • A61K31/515—Barbituric acids; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sodium pentobarbital
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
    • A61K31/551—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole having two nitrogen atoms, e.g. dilazep
    • A61K31/5513—1,4-Benzodiazepines, e.g. diazepam or clozapine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
    • A61K47/10—Alcohols; Phenols; Salts thereof, e.g. glycerol; Polyethylene glycols [PEG]; Poloxamers; PEG/POE alkyl ethers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2013—Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/2027—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly(meth)acrylates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/2031—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, poloxamers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/205—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, gums; Cyclodextrin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/205—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, gums; Cyclodextrin
    • A61K9/2054—Cellulose; Cellulose derivatives, e.g. hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2068—Compounds of unknown constitution, e.g. material from plants or animals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2095—Tabletting processes; Dosage units made by direct compression of powders or specially processed granules, by eliminating solvents, by melt-extrusion, by injection molding, by 3D printing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/04—Centrally acting analgesics, e.g. opioids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/22—Anxiolytics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/30—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abuse or dependence
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an abuse-proofed, thermoformed dosage form containing, in addition to one or more active ingredients with abuse potential (A) optionally together with physiologically acceptable auxiliary substances (B), at least one synthetic or natural polymer (C) and optionally at least one wax (D), wherein component (C) exhibits a breaking strength of at least 500 N, and to a process for the production of the dosage form according to the invention.
  • the corresponding dosage forms such as tablets or capsules are comminuted, for example ground in a mortar, by the abuser, the active ingredient is extracted from the resultant powder using a preferably aqueous liquid and the resultant solution, optionally after being filtered through cotton wool or cellulose wadding, is administered parenterally, in particular intravenously.
  • An additional phenomenon of this kind of administration in comparison with abusive oral administration, is a further accelerated increase in active ingredient levels giving the abuser the desired effect, namely the “kick” or “rush”.
  • This kick is also obtained if the powdered dosage form is administered nasally, i.e. is sniffed. Since controlled-release dosage forms containing active ingredients with abuse potential do not give rise to the kick desired by the abuser when taken orally even in abusively high quantities, such dosage forms are also comminuted and extracted in order to be abused.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,070,494 proposed adding a swellable agent to the dosage form in order to prevent abuse. When water is added to extract the active ingredient, this agent swells and ensures that the filtrate separated from the gel contains only a small quantity of active ingredient.
  • the multilayer tablet disclosed in WO 95/20947 is based on a similar approach to preventing parenteral abuse, said tablet containing the active ingredient with abuse potential and at least one gel former, each in different layers.
  • WO 03/015531 A2 discloses another approach to preventing parenteral abuse.
  • a dosage form containing an analgesic opioid and a dye as an aversive agent is described therein.
  • the colour released by tampering with the dosage form is intended to discourage the abuser from using the dosage form which has been tampered with.
  • the abuse-proofed, thermoformed dosage form which contains, in addition to one or more active ingredients with abuse potential (A), at least one synthetic or natural polymer (C) and optionally at least one wax (D), wherein component (C) exhibits a breaking strength of at least 500 N.
  • comminution is taken to mean pulverisation of the dosage form with conventional means which are available to an abuser, such as for example a mortar and pestle, a hammer, a mallet or other usual means for pulverisation by application of force.
  • the dosage form according to the invention is thus suitable for preventing parenteral, nasal and/or oral abuse of pharmaceutical active ingredients with abuse potential.
  • compositions with abuse potential are known to the person skilled in the art, as are the quantities thereof to be used and processes for the production thereof, and may be present in the dosage form according to the invention as such, in the form of the corresponding derivatives thereof, in particular esters or ethers, or in each case in the form of corresponding physiologically acceptable compounds, in particular in the form of the salts or solvates thereof, as racemates or stereoisomers.
  • the dosage form according to the invention is also suitable for the administration of several active ingredients. It is preferably used to administer a specific active ingredient.
  • the dosage form according to the invention is in particular suitable for preventing abuse of a pharmaceutical active ingredient selected from the group consisting of opiates, opioids, tranquillisers, preferably benzodiazepines, barbiturates, stimulants and other narcotics.
  • a pharmaceutical active ingredient selected from the group consisting of opiates, opioids, tranquillisers, preferably benzodiazepines, barbiturates, stimulants and other narcotics.
  • the dosage form according to the invention is very particularly suitable for preventing abuse of an opiate, opioid, tranquilliser or another narcotic selected from the group consisting of N- ⁇ 1-[2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-2-tetrazolin-1-yl)ethyl]-4-methoxymethyl-4-piperidyl ⁇ propionanilide (alfentanil), 5,5-diallylbarbituric acid (allobarbital), allylprodine, alphaprodine, 8-chloro-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]-benzodiazepine (alprazolam), 2-diethylaminopropiophenone (amfepramone), ( ⁇ )- ⁇ -methyl-phenethylamine (amphetamine), 2-( ⁇ -methylphenethylamino)-2-phenylacetonitrile (amphetaminil), 5-ethyl-5
  • At least one synthetic or natural polymer (C) which has a breaking strength, measured using the method disclosed in the present application, of at least 500 N.
  • At least one polymer selected from the group consisting of polymethylene oxide, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyacrylate, copolymers thereof, and mixtures of at least two of the stated polymers is preferably used for this purpose.
  • the polymers are distinguished by a molecular weight of at least 0.5 million, determined by rheological measurements.
  • Thermoplastic polyalkylene oxides such as polyethylene oxides, with a molecular weight of at least 0.5 million, preferably of up to 15 million, determined by rheological measurements, are very particularly preferred.
  • These polymers have a viscosity at 25° C. of 4500 to 17600 cP, measured on a 5 wt. % aqueous solution using a model RVF Brookfield viscosimeter (spindle no. 2/rotational speed 2 rpm), of 400 to 4000 cP, measured on a 2 wt. % aqueous solution using the stated viscosimeter (spindle no.
  • the polymers are used in powder form.
  • Waxes with a softening point of at least 60° C. are preferred.
  • Carnauba wax and beeswax are particularly preferred.
  • Carnauba wax is very particularly preferred.
  • Carnauba wax is a natural wax which is obtained from the leaves of the carnauba palm and has a softening point of ⁇ 80° C.
  • the wax component is additionally used, it is used together with at least one polymer (C) in quantities such that the dosage form has a breaking strength of at least 500 N.
  • the dosage forms according to the invention are distinguished in that, due their hardness, they cannot be pulverised, for example by grinding in a mortar. This virtually rules out oral or parenteral, in particular intravenous or nasal abuse.
  • the dosage forms according to the invention may, in a preferred embodiment, contain further agents which complicate or prevent abuse as auxiliary substances (B).
  • the abuse-proofed dosage form according to the invention which comprises, apart from one or more active ingredients with abuse potential, at least one hardening polymer (C) and optionally at least one wax (D), may accordingly also comprise at least one of the following components (a)-(f) as auxiliary substances (B):
  • Components (a) to (f) are additionally each individually suitable for abuse-proofing the dosage form according to the invention. Accordingly, component (a) is preferably suitable for proofing the dosage form against nasal, oral and/or parenteral, preferably intravenous, abuse, component (b) is preferably suitable for proofing against parenteral, particularly preferably intravenous and/or nasal abuse, component (c) is preferably suitable for proofing against nasal and/or parenteral, particularly preferably intravenous, abuse, component (d) is preferably suitable for proofing against parenteral, particularly preferably intravenous, and/or oral and/or nasal abuse, component (e) is suitable as a visual deterrent against oral or parenteral abuse and component (f) is suitable for proofing against oral or nasal abuse.
  • component (a) is preferably suitable for proofing the dosage form against nasal, oral and/or parenteral, preferably intravenous, abuse
  • component (b) is preferably suitable for proofing against parenteral, particularly preferably intravenous and/or nasal abuse
  • the dosage form according to the invention may also comprise two or more of components (a)-(f) in a combination, preferably (a), (b) and optionally (c) and/or (f) and/or (e) or (a), (b) and optionally (d) and/or (f) and/or (e).
  • the dosage form according to the invention may comprise all of components (a)-(f).
  • substances which irritate the nasal passages and/or pharynx which may be considered according to the invention are any substances which, when administered via the nasal passages and/or pharynx, bring about a physical reaction which is either so unpleasant for the abuser that he/she does not wish to or cannot continue administration, for example burning, or physiologically counteracts taking of the corresponding active ingredient, for example due to increased nasal secretion or sneezing.
  • These substances which conventionally irritate the nasal passages and/or pharynx may also bring about a very unpleasant sensation or even unbearable pain when administered parenterally, in particular intravenously, such that the abuser does not wish to or cannot continue taking the substance.
  • Particularly suitable substances which irritate the nasal passages and/or pharynx are those which cause burning, itching, an urge to sneeze, increased formation of secretions or a combination of at least two of these stimuli.
  • Appropriate substances and the quantities thereof which are conventionally to be used are known per se to the skilled person or may be identified by simple preliminary testing.
  • the substance which irritates the nasal passages and/or pharynx of component (a) is preferably based on one or more constituents or one or more plant parts of at least one hot substance drug.
  • the dosage form according to the invention may preferably contain the plant parts of the corresponding hot substance drugs in a quantity of 0.01 to 30 wt. %, particularly preferably of 0.1 to 0.5 wt. %, in each case relative to the total weight dosage unit.
  • the quantity thereof in a dosage unit according to the invention preferably amounts to 0.001 to 0.005 wt. %, relative to the total weight of the dosage unit.
  • a dosage unit is taken to mean a separate or separable administration unit, such as for example a tablet or a capsule.
  • One or more constituents of at least one hot substance drug selected from the group consisting of Allii sativi bulbus (garlic), Asari rhizoma cum herba (Asarum root and leaves), Calami rhizoma (calamus root), Capsici fructus (capsicum), Capsici fructus acer (cayenne pepper), Curcumae longae rhizoma (turmeric root), Curcumae xanthorrhizae rhizoma (Javanese turmeric root), Galangae rhizoma (galangal root), Myristicae semen (nutmeg), Piperis nigri fructus (pepper), Sinapis albae semen (white mustard seed), Sinapis nigri semen (black mustard seed), Zedoariae rhizoma (zedoary root) and Zingiberis rhizoma (ginger root), particularly preferably from the group consisting of Capsici fructus (
  • the constituents of the hot substance drugs preferably comprise o-methoxy(methyl)phenol compounds, acid amide compounds, mustard oils or sulfide compounds or compounds derived therefrom.
  • At least one constituent of the hot substance drugs is selected from the group consisting of myristicin, elemicin, isoeugenol, ⁇ -asarone, safrole, gingerols, xanthorrhizol, capsaicinoids, preferably capsaicin, capsaicin derivatives, such as N-vanillyl-9E-octadecenamide, dihydrocapsaicin, nordihydrocapsaicin, homocapsaicin, norcapsaicin and nomorcapsaicin, piperine, preferably trans-piperine, glucosinolates, preferably based on non-volatile mustard oils, particularly preferably based on p-hydroxybenzyl mustard oil, methylmercapto mustard oil or methylsulfonyl mustard oil, and compounds derived from these constituents.
  • Another option for preventing abuse of the dosage form according to the invention consists in adding at least one viscosity-increasing agent as a further abuse-preventing component (b) to the dosage form, which, with the assistance of a necessary minimum quantity of an aqueous liquid, forms a gel with the extract obtained from the dosage form, which gel is virtually impossible to administer safely and preferably remains visually distinguishable when introduced into a further quantity of an aqueous liquid.
  • visually distinguishable means that the active ingredient-containing gel formed with the assistance of a necessary minimum quantity of aqueous liquid, when introduced, preferably with the assistance of a hypodermic needle, into a further quantity of aqueous liquid at 37° C., remains substantially insoluble and cohesive and cannot straightforwardly be dispersed in such a manner that it can safely be administered parenterally, in particular intravenously.
  • the material preferably remains visually distinguishable for at least one minute, preferably for at least 10 minutes.
  • the increased viscosity of the extract makes it more difficult or even impossible for it to be passed through a needle or injected. If the gel remains visually distinguishable, this means that the gel obtained on introduction into a further quantity of aqueous liquid, for example by injection into blood, initially remains in the form of a largely cohesive thread, which, while it may indeed be broken up into smaller fragments, cannot be dispersed or even dissolved in such a manner that it can safely be administered parenterally, in particular intravenously. In combination with at least one optionally present component (a) to (e), this additionally leads to unpleasant burning, vomiting, bad flavour and/or visual deterrence.
  • Intravenous administration of such a gel would most probably result in obstruction of blood vessels, associated with serious embolism or even death of the abuser.
  • the active ingredient is mixed with the viscosity-increasing agent and suspended in 10 ml of water at a temperature of 25° C. If this results in the formation of a gel which fulfils the above-stated conditions, the corresponding viscosity-increasing agent is suitable for preventing or averting abuse of the dosage forms according to the invention.
  • one or more viscosity-increasing agents are used which are selected from the group consisting of microcrystalline cellulose with 11 wt. % carboxymethylcellulose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethylcellulose sodium (Blanose®, CMC-Na C300P®, Frimulsion BLC-5®, Tylose C300 P®), polyacrylic acid (Carbopol® 980 NF, Carbopol® 981), locust bean flour (Cesagum® LA-200, Cesagum® LID/150, Cesagum® LN-1), pectins such as citrus pectin (Cesapectin® HM Medium Rapid Set), apple pectin, pectin from lemon peel, waxy maize starch (C*Gel 04201®), sodium alginate (Frimulsion ALG (E401)®), guar flour (Frimulsion BM®, Polygum
  • Xanthans are particularly preferred.
  • the names stated in brackets are the trade names by which the materials are known commercially.
  • a quantity of 0.1 to 5 wt. % of the viscosity-increasing agent(s) is sufficient to fulfil the above-stated conditions.
  • viscosity-increasing agents are preferably present in the dosage form according to the invention in quantities of ⁇ 5 mg per dosage unit, i.e. per administration unit.
  • the viscosity-increasing agents used as component (b) are those which, on extraction from the dosage form with the necessary minimum quantity of aqueous liquid, form a gel which encloses air bubbles.
  • the resultant gels are distinguished by a turbid appearance, which provides the potential abuser with an additional optical warning and discourages him/her from administering the gel parenterally.
  • the dosage form according to the invention may furthermore comprise component (c), namely one or more antagonists for the active ingredient or active ingredients with abuse potential, wherein the antagonists are preferably spatially separated from the remaining constituents of the invention dosage according to the form and, when correctly used, do not exert any effect.
  • component (c) namely one or more antagonists for the active ingredient or active ingredients with abuse potential, wherein the antagonists are preferably spatially separated from the remaining constituents of the invention dosage according to the form and, when correctly used, do not exert any effect.
  • Suitable antagonists for preventing abuse of the active ingredients are known per se to the person skilled in the art and may be present in the dosage form according to the invention as such or in the form of corresponding derivatives, in particular esters or ethers, or in each case in the form of corresponding physiologically acceptable compounds, in particular in the form of the salts or solvates thereof.
  • the antagonist used is preferably an antagonist selected from the group consisting of naloxone, naltrexone, nalmefene, nalid, nalmexone, nalorphine or naluphine, in each case optionally in the form of a corresponding physiologically acceptable compound, in particular in the form of a base, a salt or solvate.
  • the corresponding antagonists, where component (c) is provided are preferably used in a quantity of ⁇ 10 mg, particularly preferably in a quantity of 10 to 100 mg, very particularly preferably in a quantity of 10 to 50 mg per dosage form, i.e. per administration unit.
  • the antagonist is preferably a neuroleptic, preferably at least one compound selected from the group consisting of haloperidol, promethazine, fluphenazine, perphenazine, levomepromazine, thioridazine, perazine, chlorpromazine, chlorprothixine, zuclopentixol, flupentixol, prothipendyl, zotepine, benperidol, pipamperone, melperone and bromperidol.
  • a neuroleptic preferably at least one compound selected from the group consisting of haloperidol, promethazine, fluphenazine, perphenazine, levomepromazine, thioridazine, perazine, chlorpromazine, chlorprothixine, zuclopentixol, flupentixol, prothipendyl, zotepine, benperidol, pipamperone, melperone and bro
  • the dosage form according to the invention preferably comprises these antagonists in a conventional therapeutic dose known to the person skilled in the art, particularly preferably in a quantity of twice to four times the conventional dose per administration unit.
  • the combination to discourage and prevent abuse of the dosage form according to the invention comprises component (d), it may comprise at least one emetic, which is preferably present in a spatially separated arrangement from the other components of the dosage form according to the invention and, when correctly used, is intended not to exert its effect in the body.
  • Suitable emetics for preventing abuse of an active ingredient are known per se to the person skilled in the art and may be present in the dosage form according to the invention as such or in the form of corresponding derivatives, in particular esters or ethers, or in each case in the form of corresponding physiologically acceptable compounds, in particular in the form of the salts or solvates thereof.
  • An emetic based on one or more constituents of radix ipecacuanha (ipecac root), preferably based on the constituent emetine may preferably be considered in the dosage form according to the invention, as are, for example, described in “Pharmazeutician Biologie—Drogen and Häffensstoffe” by Prof. Dr. Hildebert Wagner, 2nd, revised edition, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, N.Y., 1982. The corresponding literature description is hereby introduced as a reference and is deemed to be part of the disclosure.
  • the dosage form according to the invention may preferably comprise the emetic emetine as component (d), preferably in a quantity of ⁇ 10 mg, particularly preferably of ⁇ 20 mg and very particularly preferably in a quantity of ⁇ 40 mg per dosage form, i.e. administration unit.
  • Apomorphine may likewise preferably be used as an emetic in the abuse-proofing according to the invention, preferably in a quantity of preferably ⁇ 3 mg, particularly preferably of ⁇ 5 mg and very particularly preferably of ⁇ 7 mg per administration unit.
  • the dosage form according to the invention contains component (e) as a further abuse-preventing auxiliary substance
  • a such a dye brings about an intense coloration of a corresponding aqueous solution, in particular when the attempt is made to extract the active ingredient for parenteral, preferably intravenous administration, which coloration may act as a deterrent to the potential abuser.
  • Oral abuse which conventionally begins by means of aqueous extraction of the active ingredient, may also be prevented by this coloration.
  • Suitable dyes and the quantities required for the necessary deterrence may be found in WO 03/015531, wherein the corresponding disclosure should be deemed to be part of the present disclosure and is hereby introduced as a reference.
  • the dosage form according to the invention contains component (f) as a further abuse-preventing auxiliary substance, this addition of at least one bitter substance and the consequent impairment of the flavour of the dosage form additionally prevents oral and/or nasal abuse.
  • Suitable bitter substances and the quantities effective for use may be found in US-2003/0064099 A1, the corresponding disclosure of which should be deemed to be the disclosure of the present application and is hereby introduced as a reference.
  • Suitable bitter substances are preferably aromatic oils, preferably peppermint oil, eucalyptus oil, bitter almond oil, menthol, fruit aroma substances, preferably aroma substances from lemons, oranges, limes, grapefruit or mixtures thereof, and/or denatonium benzoate.
  • the solid dosage form according to the invention is suitable to be taken orally or rectally, preferably orally.
  • the orally administrable dosage form according to the invention may assume multiparticulate form, preferably in the form of microtablets, microcapsules, micropellets, granules, spheroids, beads or pellets, optionally packaged in capsules or pressed into tablets.
  • the multiparticulate forms preferably have a size or size distribution in the range from 0.1 to 3 mm, particularly preferably in the range from 0.5 to 2 mm.
  • conventional auxiliary substances (B) are optionally also used for the formulation of the dosage form.
  • the solid, abuse-proofed dosage form according to the invention is preferably produced by mixing the components (A), (B), (C) and/optionally (D) and at least one of the optionally present further abuse-preventing components (a)-(f) and, optionally after granulation, press-forming the resultant mixture to yield the dosage form with preceding, simultaneous, or subsequent exposure to heat.
  • Mixing of components (A), (B), (C) and optionally (D) and of the optionally present further components (a)-(f) proceeds in a mixer known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the mixer may, for example, be a roll mixer, shaking mixer, shear mixer or compulsory mixer.
  • the resultant mixture is preferably formed directly by application of pressure to yield the dosage form according to the invention with preceding, simultaneous or subsequent exposure to heat.
  • the mixture may, for example, be formed into tablets by direct tabletting.
  • the tabletting tool i.e. bottom punch, top punch and die are briefly heated at least to the softening temperature of the polymer (C) and pressed together.
  • the formed tablets are briefly heated at least to the softening temperature (glass transition temperature, melting temperature; sintering temperature) of component (C) and cooled again.
  • the material to be pressed is heated immediately prior to tabletting at least to the softening temperature of component (C) and then pressed.
  • the resultant mixture of components (A), (B), (C) and optionally (D) and the optionally present components (a) to (f) may also first be granulated and then be formed with preceding, simultaneous, or subsequent exposure to heat to yield the dosage form according to the invention.
  • the dosage form according to the invention assumes the form of a tablet, a capsule or is in the form of an oral osmotic therapeutic system (OROS), preferably if at least one further abuse-preventing component (a)-(f) is also present.
  • OROS oral osmotic therapeutic system
  • components (c) and/or (d) and/or (f) are present in the dosage form according to the invention, care must be taken to ensure that they are formulated in such a manner or are present in such a low dose that, when correctly administered, the dosage form is able to bring about virtually no effect which impairs the patient or the efficacy of the active ingredient.
  • the dosage form according to the invention contains component (d) and/or (f), the dosage must be selected such that, when correctly orally administered, no negative effect is caused. If, however, the intended dosage of the dosage form is exceeded inadvertently, in particular by children, or in the event of abuse, nausea or an inclination to vomit or a bad flavour are produced.
  • the particular quantity of component (d) and/or (f) which can still be tolerated by the patient in the event of correct oral administration may be determined by the person skilled in the art by simple preliminary testing.
  • the dosage form containing the components (c) and/or (d) and/or (f) is provided with protection, these components should preferably be used at a dosage which is sufficiently high that, when abusively administered, they bring about an intense negative effect on the abuser.
  • the dosage form according to the invention comprises at least 2 of components (c) and (d) or (f), these may each be present in the same or different subunits (Y). Preferably, when present, all the components (c) and (d) and (f) are present in one and the same subunit (Y).
  • subunits are solid formulations, which in each case, apart from conventional auxiliary substances known to the person skilled in the art, contain the active ingredient(s), at least one polymer (C) and optionally at least one of the optionally present components (a) and/or (b) and/or (e) or in each case at least one polymer (C) and the antagonist(s) and/or emetic(s) and/or component (e) and/or component (f) and optionally at least one of the optionally present components (a) and/or (b). Care must here be taken to ensure that each of the subunits is formulated in accordance with the above-stated process.
  • One substantial advantage of the separated formulation of active ingredients from components (c) or (d) or (f) in subunits (X) and (Y) of the dosage form according to the invention is that, when correctly administered, components (c) and/or (d) and/or (f) are hardly released on taking and/or in the body or are released in such small quantities that they exert no effect which impairs the patient or therapeutic success or, on passing through the patient's body, they are only liberated in locations where they cannot be sufficiently absorbed to be effective.
  • the dosage form is correctly administered, hardly any of components (c) and/or (d) and/or (f) is released into the patient's body or they go unnoticed by the patient.
  • each subunit contains the polymer (C) and has been formulated in the stated manner.
  • a dosage form which comprises components (c) and/or (e) and/or (d) and/or (f) in subunits (Y), for the purpose of abusing the active ingredient and obtain a powder which is extracted with a suitable extracting agent, not only the active ingredient but also the particular component (c) and/or (e) and/or (f) and/or (d) will be obtained in a form in which it cannot readily be separated from the active ingredient, such that when the dosage form which has been tampered with is administered, in particular by oral and/or parenteral administration, it will exert its effect on taking and/or in the body combined with an additional negative effect on the abuser corresponding to component (c) and/or (d) and/or (f) or, when the attempt is made to extract the active ingredient, the coloration will act as a deterrent and so prevent abuse of the dosage form.
  • a dosage form according to the invention in which the active ingredient or active ingredients is/are spatially separated from components (c), (d) and/or (e), preferably by formulation in different subunits, may be formulated in many different ways, wherein the corresponding subunits may each be present in the dosage form according to the invention in any desired spatial arrangement relative to one another, provided that the above-stated conditions for the release of components (c) and/or (d) are fulfilled.
  • component(s) (a) and/or (b) which are optionally also present may preferably be formulated in the dosage form according to the invention both in the particular subunits (X) and (Y) and in the form of independent subunits corresponding to subunits (X) and (Y), provided that neither the abuse-proofing nor the active ingredient release in the event of correct administration is impaired by the nature of the formulation and the polymer (C) is included in the formulation and formulation is carried out in accordance with the above-stated process.
  • subunits (X) and (Y) are present in multiparticulate form, wherein microtablets, microcapsules, micropellets, granules, spheroids, beads or pellets are preferred and the same form, i.e. shape, is selected for both subunit (X) and subunit (Y), such that it is not possible to separate subunits (X) from (Y) by mechanical selection.
  • the multiparticulate forms are preferably of a size in the range from 0.1 to 3 mm, preferably of 0.5 to 2 mm.
  • the subunits (X) and (Y) in multiparticulate form may also preferably be packaged in a capsule or be pressed into a tablet, wherein the final formulation in each case proceeds in such a manner that the subunits (X) and (Y) are also retained in the resultant dosage form.
  • the multiparticulate subunits (X) and (Y) of identical shape should also not be visually distinguishable from one another so that the abuser cannot separate them from one another by simple sorting. This may, for example, be achieved by the application of identical coatings which, apart from this disguising function, may also incorporate further functions, such as, for example, controlled release of one or more active ingredients or provision of a finish resistant to gastric juices on the particular subunits.
  • subunits (X) and (Y) are in each case arranged in layers relative to one another.
  • the layered subunits (X) and (Y) are preferably arranged for this purpose vertically or horizontally relative to one another in the dosage form according to the invention, wherein in each case one or more layered subunits (X) and one or more layered subunits (Y) may be present in the dosage form, such that, apart from the preferred layer sequences (X)-(Y) or (X)-(Y)-(X), any desired other layer sequences may be considered, optionally in combination with layers containing components (a) and/or (b).
  • Another preferred dosage form according to the invention is one in which subunit (Y) forms a core which is completely enclosed by subunit (X), wherein a separation layer (Z) may be present between said layers.
  • a separation layer (Z) may be present between said layers.
  • Such a structure is preferably also suitable for the above-stated multiparticulate forms, wherein both subunits (X) and (Y) and an optionally present separation layer (Z), which must satisfy the hardness requirement according to the invention, are formulated in one and the same multiparticulate form.
  • the subunit (X) forms a core, which is enclosed by subunit (Y), wherein the latter comprises at least one channel which leads from the core to the surface of the dosage form.
  • the dosage form according to the invention may comprise, between one layer of the subunit (X) and one layer of the subunit (Y), in each case one or more, preferably one, optionally swellable separation layer (Z) which serves to separate subunit (X) spatially from (Y).
  • the dosage form according to the invention comprises the layered subunits (X) and (Y) and an optionally present separation layer (Z) in an at least partially vertical or horizontal arrangement
  • the dosage form preferably takes the form of a tablet, a coextrudate or a laminate.
  • the entirety of the free surface of subunit (Y) and optionally at least part of the free surface of subunit(s) (X) and optionally at least part of the free surface of the optionally present separation layer(s) (Z) may be coated with at least one barrier layer (Z′) which prevents release of component (c) and/or (e) and/or (d) and/or (f).
  • the barrier layer (Z′) must also fulfil the hardness conditions according to the invention.
  • Another particularly preferred embodiment of the dosage form according to the invention comprises a vertical or horizontal arrangement of the layers of subunits (X) and (Y) and at least one push layer (p) arranged therebetween, and optionally a separation layer (Z), in which dosage form the entirety of the free surface of layer structure consisting of subunits (X) and (Y), the push layer and the optionally present separation layer (Z) is provided with a semipermeable coating (E), which is permeable to a release medium, i.e. conventionally a physiological liquid, but substantially impermeable to the active ingredient and to component (c) and/or (d) and/or (f), and wherein this coating (E) comprises at least one opening for release of the active ingredient in the area of subunit (X).
  • a semipermeable coating which is permeable to a release medium, i.e. conventionally a physiological liquid, but substantially impermeable to the active ingredient and to component (c) and/or (d) and/or (f)
  • a corresponding dosage form is known to the person skilled in the art, for example under the name oral osmotic therapeutic system (OROS), as are suitable materials and methods for the production thereof, inter alia from U.S. Pat. No. 4,612,008, U.S. Pat. No. 4,765,989 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,783,337.
  • OROS oral osmotic therapeutic system
  • the subunit (X) of the dosage form according to the invention is in the form of a tablet, the edge face of which and optionally one of the two main faces is covered with a barrier layer (Z′) containing component (c) and/or (d) and/or (f).
  • auxiliary substances of the subunit(s) (X) or (Y) and of the optionally present separation layer(s) (Z) and/or of the barrier layer(s) (Z′) used in formulating the dosage form according to the invention will vary as a function of the arrangement thereof in the dosage form according to the invention, the mode of administration and as a function of the particular active ingredient of the optionally present components (a) and/or (b) and/or (e) and of component (c) and/or (d) and/or (f).
  • the materials which have the requisite properties are in each case known per se to the person skilled in the art.
  • the subunit may consist of conventional materials known to the person skilled in the art, providing that it contains at least one polymer (C) to fulfil the hardness condition of the dosage form according to the invention.
  • a corresponding barrier layer (Z′) is not provided to prevent release of component (c) and/or (d) and/or (f)
  • the materials of the subunits should be selected such that release of the particular component (c) and/or (d) from subunit (Y) is virtually ruled out.
  • the materials which are stated below to be suitable for production of the barrier layer may preferably be used for this purpose.
  • the materials for the separation layer and/or barrier layer must contain at least one polymer (C) in order to fulfil the hardness conditions.
  • Preferred materials are those which are selected from the group consisting of alkylcelluloses, hydroxyalkylcelluloses, glucans, scleroglucans, mannans, xanthans, copolymers of poly[bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)propane and sebacic acid, preferably in a molar ratio of 20:80 (commercially available under the name Polifeprosan 20®), carboxymethylcelluloses, cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, nitrocelluloses, polymers based on (meth)acrylic acid and the esters thereof, polyamides, polycarbonates, polyalkylenes, polyalkylene glycols, polyalkylene oxides, polyalkylene terephthalates, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl ethers, polyvinyl esters, halogenated polyvinyls, polyglycolides, polysiloxanes and polyurethanes and the copolymers thereof.
  • Particularly suitable materials may be selected from the group consisting of methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxybutylmethylcellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate (of low, medium or high molecular weight), cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate phthalate, carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose triacetate, sodium cellulose sulfate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethyl methacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, polyisobutyl methacrylate, polyhexyl methacrylate, polyisodecyl methacrylate, polylauryl methacrylate, polyphenyl methacrylate, polymethyl acrylate, polyisopropyl acrylate, polyisobutyl acrylate, polyoctadecyl acrylate, polyethylene, low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene glyco
  • Particularly suitable copolymers may be selected from the group consisting of copolymers of butyl methacrylate and isobutyl methacrylate, copolymers of methyl vinyl ether and maleic acid with high molecular weight, copolymers of methyl vinyl ether and maleic acid monoethyl ester, copolymers of methyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride and copolymers of vinyl alcohol and vinyl acetate.
  • barrier layer Further materials which are particularly suitable for formulating the barrier layer are starch-filled polycaprolactone (WO98/20073), aliphatic polyesteramides (DE 19 753 534 A1, DE 19 800 698 A1, EP 0 820 698 A1), aliphatic and aromatic polyester urethanes (DE 19822979), polyhydroxyalkanoates, in particular polyhydroxybutyrates, polyhydroxyvalerates, casein (DE 4 309 528), polylactides and copolylactides (EP 0 980 894 A1).
  • WO98/20073 starch-filled polycaprolactone
  • aliphatic polyesteramides DE 19 753 534 A1, DE 19 800 698 A1, EP 0 820 698 A1
  • aliphatic and aromatic polyester urethanes DE 19822979
  • polyhydroxyalkanoates in particular polyhydroxybutyrates
  • polyhydroxyvalerates polyhydroxyvalerates
  • casein DE 4 309 528
  • polylactides and copolylactides
  • auxiliary substances known to the person skilled in the art, preferably selected from the group consisting of glyceryl monostearate, semi-synthetic triglyceride derivatives, semi-synthetic glycerides, hydrogenated castor oil, glyceryl palmitostearate, glyceryl behenate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gelatine, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, sodium stearate, talcum, sodium benzoate, boric acid and colloidal silica, fatty acids, substituted triglycerides, glycerides, polyoxyalkylene glycols and the derivatives thereof.
  • the dosage form according to the invention comprises a separation layer (Z′), said layer, like the uncovered subunit (Y), may preferably consist of the above-stated materials described for the barrier layer.
  • release of the active ingredient or of component (c) and/or (d) from the particular subunit may be controlled by the thickness of the separation layer.
  • the dosage form according to the invention may comprise one or more active ingredients at least partially in controlled release form, wherein controlled release may be achieved with the assistance of conventional materials and methods known to the person skilled in the art, for example by embedding the active ingredient in a controlled release matrix or by the application of one or more controlled release coatings.
  • Active ingredient release must, however, be controlled such that the above-stated conditions are fulfilled in each case, for example that, in the event of correct administration of the dosage form, the active ingredient or active ingredients are virtually completely released before the optionally present component (c) and/or (d) can exert an impairing effect.
  • Controlled release from the dosage form according to the invention is preferably achieved by embedding the active ingredient in a matrix.
  • the auxiliary substances acting as matrix materials control active ingredient release.
  • Matrix materials may, for example, be hydrophilic, gel-forming materials, from which active ingredient release proceeds mainly by diffusion, or hydrophobic materials, from which active ingredient release proceeds mainly by diffusion from the pores in the matrix.
  • hydrophobic materials which are known to the person skilled in the art may be used as matrix materials.
  • Polymers particularly preferably cellulose ethers, cellulose esters and/or acrylic resins are preferably used as hydrophilic matrix materials.
  • Ethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, poly(meth)acrylic acid and/or the derivatives thereof, such as the salts, amides or esters thereof are very particularly preferably used as matrix materials.
  • Matrix materials prepared from hydrophobic materials such as hydrophobic polymers, waxes, fats, long-chain fatty acids, fatty alcohols or corresponding esters or ethers or mixtures thereof are also preferred.
  • Mono- or diglycerides of C12-C30 fatty acids and/or C12-C30 fatty alcohols and/or waxes or mixtures thereof are particularly preferably used as hydrophobic materials.
  • Component (C) and the optionally present component (D), which serve to achieve the breaking strength of at least 500 N which is necessary according to the invention may furthermore also optionally serve as additional matrix materials.
  • the dosage form according to the invention may also preferably comprise a coating which is resistant to gastric juices and dissolves as a function of the pH value of the release environment.
  • a coating which is resistant to gastric juices preferably dissolves at a pH value of between 5 and 7.5.
  • Tramadol hydrochloride was used as the active ingredient in a series of Examples. Tramadol hydrochloride was used, despite tramadol not being an active ingredient which conventionally has abuse potential, because it is not governed by German narcotics legislation, so simplifying the experimental work. Tramadol is moreover a member of the opioid class with excellent water solubility.
  • Tramadol hydrochloride and polyethylene oxide powder were mixed in a free-fall mixer.
  • a tabletting tool with top punch, bottom punch and die for tablets with a diameter of 10 mm and a radius of curvature of 8 mm was heated to 80° C. in a heating cabinet. 300 mg portions of the powder mixture were pressed with the heated tool, wherein pressure was maintained for at least 15 seconds by clamping the tabletting tool in a vice.
  • the breaking strength of the tablets was determined with the stated apparatus in accordance with the stated method. The tablets did not break when exposed to a force of 500 N.
  • the tablet could not be comminuted using a hammer, nor with the assistance of a mortar and pestle.
  • Raw material Per tablet Complete batch Tramadol hydrochloride 50 mg 100 g Polyethylene oxide, NF, 100 mg 200 g MW 7 000 000 (Polyox WSR 303, Dow Chemicals) Total weight 150 mg 300 g
  • Tramadol hydrochloride and the above-stated components were mixed in a free-fall mixer.
  • a tabletting tool with top punch, bottom punch and die for tablets with a diameter of 7 mm was heated to 80° C. in a heating cabinet.
  • 150 mg portions of the powder mixture were pressed with the heated tool, wherein pressure was maintained for at least 15 seconds by clamping the tabletting tool in a vice.
  • the breaking strength of the tablets was determined with the stated apparatus in accordance with the stated method. The tablets did not break when exposed to a force of 500 N.
  • Tramadol hydrochloride, xanthan and polyethylene oxide were mixed in a free-fall mixer.
  • a tabletting tool with top punch, bottom punch and die for tablets with a diameter of 10 mm and a radius of curvature of 8 mm was heated to 80° C. in a heating cabinet. 300 mg portions of the powder mixture were pressed with the heated tool, wherein pressure was maintained for at least 15 seconds by clamping the tabletting tool in a vice.
  • the breaking strength of the tablets was determined with the stated apparatus in accordance with the stated method.
  • the tablets did not break when exposed to a force of 500 N.
  • the tablets did suffer a little plastic deformation.
  • the tablets could be cut up with a knife into pieces of an edge length of as small as approx. 2 mm. No further comminution proceeding as far as pulverisation was possible.
  • a highly viscous gel is formed. Only with great difficulty could the gel be pressed through a 0.9 mm injection cannula. When the gel was injected into water, the gel did not spontaneously mix with water, but remained visually distinguishable.
  • Tramadol hydrochloride, xanthan and polyethylene oxide were mixed in a free-fall mixer.
  • a tabletting tool with a top punch, bottom punch and die for oblong tablets 10 mm in length and 5 mm in width was heated to 90° C. in a heating cabinet.
  • 150 mg portions of the powder mixture were pressed with the heated tool, wherein pressure was maintained for at least 15 seconds by clamping the tabletting tool in a vice.
  • the breaking strength of the tablets was determined with the stated apparatus in accordance with the stated method.
  • the tablets did not break when exposed to a force of 500 N.
  • the tablets did suffer a little plastic deformation.
  • the tablets could be cut up into pieces of an edge length of as small as approx. 2 mm, but could not be pulverised. When the pieces are combined with water, a highly viscous gel is formed. Only with great difficulty could the gel be pressed through a 0.9 mm injection cannula. When the gel was injected into water, the gel did not spontaneously mix with water, but remained visually distinguishable.
  • the breaking strength of the tablets was determined with the stated apparatus in accordance with the stated method. The tablets did not break when exposed to a force of 500 N.
  • the tablets could be cut up into pieces of an edge length of as small as approx. 2 mm, but could not be pulverised. When the pieces are combined with water, a highly viscous gel is formed. Only with great difficulty could the gel be pressed through a 0.9 mm injection cannula. When the gel was injected into water, the gel did not spontaneously mix with water, but remained visually distinguishable.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Neurosurgery (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
  • Addiction (AREA)
  • Psychiatry (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to an abuse-proofed, thermoformed dosage form containing, in addition to one or more active ingredients with abuse potential optionally together with physiologically acceptable auxiliary substances, at least one synthetic or natural polymer with a breaking strength of at least 500 N and to a process for the production thereof.

Description

  • This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/517,891, filed Jun. 14, 2012, now pending, which is, in turn, a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/346,257, filed Jan. 9, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,309,060, which is, in turn, a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/718,112, filed Nov. 20, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,114,383, which claims priority of German Application No. 103 36 400.5, filed Aug. 6, 2003.
  • The present invention relates to an abuse-proofed, thermoformed dosage form containing, in addition to one or more active ingredients with abuse potential (A) optionally together with physiologically acceptable auxiliary substances (B), at least one synthetic or natural polymer (C) and optionally at least one wax (D), wherein component (C) exhibits a breaking strength of at least 500 N, and to a process for the production of the dosage form according to the invention.
  • Many pharmaceutical active ingredients, in addition to having excellent activity in their appropriate application, also have abuse potential, i.e. they can be used by an abuser to bring about effects other than those intended. Opiates, for example, which are highly active in combating severe to very severe pain, are frequently used by abusers to induce a state of narcosis or euphoria.
  • In order to make abuse possible, the corresponding dosage forms, such as tablets or capsules are comminuted, for example ground in a mortar, by the abuser, the active ingredient is extracted from the resultant powder using a preferably aqueous liquid and the resultant solution, optionally after being filtered through cotton wool or cellulose wadding, is administered parenterally, in particular intravenously. An additional phenomenon of this kind of administration, in comparison with abusive oral administration, is a further accelerated increase in active ingredient levels giving the abuser the desired effect, namely the “kick” or “rush”. This kick is also obtained if the powdered dosage form is administered nasally, i.e. is sniffed. Since controlled-release dosage forms containing active ingredients with abuse potential do not give rise to the kick desired by the abuser when taken orally even in abusively high quantities, such dosage forms are also comminuted and extracted in order to be abused.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,070,494 proposed adding a swellable agent to the dosage form in order to prevent abuse. When water is added to extract the active ingredient, this agent swells and ensures that the filtrate separated from the gel contains only a small quantity of active ingredient.
  • The multilayer tablet disclosed in WO 95/20947 is based on a similar approach to preventing parenteral abuse, said tablet containing the active ingredient with abuse potential and at least one gel former, each in different layers.
  • WO 03/015531 A2 discloses another approach to preventing parenteral abuse. A dosage form containing an analgesic opioid and a dye as an aversive agent is described therein. The colour released by tampering with the dosage form is intended to discourage the abuser from using the dosage form which has been tampered with.
  • Another known option for complicating abuse involves adding antagonists to the active ingredients to the dosage form, for example naloxone or naltexone in the case of opiates, or compounds which cause a physiological defence response, such as for example Radix ipecacuanha=ipecac root.
  • However, since in most cases of abuse it is still necessary to pulverise the dosage form comprising an active ingredient suitable for abuse, it was the object of the present invention to complicate or prevent the pulverisation preceding abuse of the dosage form comprising the agents conventionally available for potential abuse and accordingly to provide a dosage form for active ingredients with abuse potential which ensures the desired therapeutic effect when correctly administered, but from which the active ingredients cannot be converted into a form suitable for abuse simply by pulverisation.
  • Said object has been achieved by the provision of the abuse-proofed, thermoformed dosage form according to the invention which contains, in addition to one or more active ingredients with abuse potential (A), at least one synthetic or natural polymer (C) and optionally at least one wax (D), wherein component (C) exhibits a breaking strength of at least 500 N.
  • The use of polymers having the stated minimum breaking strength, preferably in quantities such that the dosage form also exhibits such a minimum breaking strength, means that pulverisation of the dosage form is considerably more difficult using conventional means, so considerably complicating or preventing the subsequent abuse.
  • If comminution is inadequate, parenteral, in particular intravenous, administration cannot be performed safely or extraction of the active ingredient therefrom takes too long for the abuser or there is no “kick” when taken orally, as release is not spontaneous.
  • According to the invention, comminution is taken to mean pulverisation of the dosage form with conventional means which are available to an abuser, such as for example a mortar and pestle, a hammer, a mallet or other usual means for pulverisation by application of force.
  • The dosage form according to the invention is thus suitable for preventing parenteral, nasal and/or oral abuse of pharmaceutical active ingredients with abuse potential.
  • Pharmaceutical active ingredients with abuse potential are known to the person skilled in the art, as are the quantities thereof to be used and processes for the production thereof, and may be present in the dosage form according to the invention as such, in the form of the corresponding derivatives thereof, in particular esters or ethers, or in each case in the form of corresponding physiologically acceptable compounds, in particular in the form of the salts or solvates thereof, as racemates or stereoisomers. The dosage form according to the invention is also suitable for the administration of several active ingredients. It is preferably used to administer a specific active ingredient.
  • The dosage form according to the invention is in particular suitable for preventing abuse of a pharmaceutical active ingredient selected from the group consisting of opiates, opioids, tranquillisers, preferably benzodiazepines, barbiturates, stimulants and other narcotics.
  • The dosage form according to the invention is very particularly suitable for preventing abuse of an opiate, opioid, tranquilliser or another narcotic selected from the group consisting of N-{1-[2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-2-tetrazolin-1-yl)ethyl]-4-methoxymethyl-4-piperidyl}propionanilide (alfentanil), 5,5-diallylbarbituric acid (allobarbital), allylprodine, alphaprodine, 8-chloro-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]-benzodiazepine (alprazolam), 2-diethylaminopropiophenone (amfepramone), (±)-α-methyl-phenethylamine (amphetamine), 2-(α-methylphenethylamino)-2-phenylacetonitrile (amphetaminil), 5-ethyl-5-isopentylbarbituric acid (amobarbital), anileridine, apocodeine, 5,5-diethylbarbituric acid (barbital), benzylmorphine, bezitramide, 7-bromo-5-(2-pyridyl)-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2(3H)-one (bromazepam), 2-bromo-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-9-methyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo-[4,3-a][1,4]diazepine (brotizolam), 17-cyclopropylmethyl-4,5α-epoxy-7α[(S)-1-hydroxy-1,2,2-trimethyl-propyl]-6-methoxy-6,14-endo-ethanomorphinane-3-ol (buprenorphine), 5-butyl-5-ethylbarbituric acid (butobarbital), butorphanol, (7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepine-3-yl)-dimethylcarbamate (camazepam), (1S,2S)-2-amino-1-phenyl-1-propanol (cathine/D-norpseudoephedrine), 7-chloro-N-methyl-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2-ylamine-4-oxide (chlorodiazepoxide), 7-chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione (clobazam), 5-(2-chlorophenyl)-7-nitro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2(3H)-one (clonazepam), clonitazene, 7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-3-carboxylic acid (clorazepate), 5-(2-chlorophenyl)-7-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-thieno[2,3-e][1,4]diazepine-2(3H)-one (clotiazepam), 10-chloro-11b-(2-chlorophenyl)-2,3,7,11b-tetrahydrooxazolo[3,2-d][1,4]benzodiazepine-6(5H)-one (cloxazolam), (−)-methyl-[3β-benzoyloxy-2β(1αH,5αH)-tropancarboxylate] (cocaine), 4,5α-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methyl-7-morphinene-6α-ol (codeine), 5-(1-cyclohexenyl)-5-ethylbarbituric acid (cyclobarbital), cyclorphan, cyprenorphine, 7-chloro-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2(3H)-one (delorazepam), desomorphine, dextromoramide, (+)-(1-benzyl-3-dimethylamino-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl)propionate (dextropropoxyphen), dezocine, diampromide, diamorphone, 7-chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2(3H)-one (diazepam), 4,5α-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methyl-6α-morphinanol (dihydrocodeine), 4,5α-epoxy-17-methyl-3,6α-morphinandiol (dihydromorphine), dimenoxadol, dimepheptanol, dimethylthiambutene, dioxaphetyl butyrate, dipipanone, (6aR,10aR)-6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene-1-ol (dronabinol), eptazocine, 8-chloro-6-phenyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine (estazolam), ethoheptazine, ethylmethylthiambutene, ethyl [7-chloro-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-3-carboxylate] (ethyl loflazepate), 4,5α-epoxy-3-ethoxy-17-methyl-7-morphinene-6α-ol (ethylmorphine), etonitazene, 4,5α-epoxy-7α-(1-hydroxy-1-methylbutyl)-6-methoxy-17-methyl-6,14-endo-etheno-morphinan-3-ol (etorphine), N-ethyl-3-phenyl-8,9,10-trinorbornan-2-ylamine (fencamfamine), 7-[2-(α-methyl-phenethylamino)ethyl]-theophylline) (fenethylline), 3-(α-methylphenethylamino)propionitrile (fenproporex), N-(1-phenethyl-4-piperidyl)propionanilide (fentanyl), 7-chloro-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2(3H)-one (fludiazepam), 5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-7-nitro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2(3H)-one (flunitrazepam), 7-chloro-1-(2-diethylaminoethyl)-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2(3H)-one (flurazepam), 7-chloro-5-phenyl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2(3H)-one (halazepam), 10-bromo-11b-(2-fluorophenyl)-2,3,7,11b-tetrahydro[1,3]oxazolyl[3,2-d][1,4]benzodiazepine-6(5H)-one (haloxazolam), heroin, 4,5α-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methyl-6-morphinanone (hydrocodone), 4,5α-epoxy-3-hydroxy-17-methyl-6-morphinanone (hydromorphone), hydroxypethidine, isomethadone, hydroxymethyl morphinane, 11-chloro-8,12b-dihydro-2,8-dimethyl-12b-phenyl-4H-[1,3]oxazino[3,2-d][1,4]benzodiazepine-4,7(6H)-dione (ketazolam), 1-[4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methyl-4-piperidyl]-1-propanone (ketobemidone), (3S,6S)-6-dimethylamino-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-yl acetate (levacetylmethadol (LAAM)), (−)-6-dimethyl-amino-4,4-diphenol-3-heptanone (levomethadone), (−)-17-methyl-3-morphinanol (levorphanol), levophenacylmorphane, lofentanil, 6-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1-piperazinylmethylene)-8-nitro-2H-imidazo[1,2-a][1,4]-benzodiazepine-1(4H)-one (loprazolam), 7-chloro-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2(3H)-one (lorazepam), 7-chloro-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-1-methyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2(3H)-one (lormetazepam), 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,5-dihydro-3H-imidazo[2,1-a]isoindol-5-ol (mazindol), 7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine (medazepam), N-(3-chloropropyl)-α-methylphenethylamine (mefenorex), meperidine, 2-methyl-2-propyltrimethylene dicarbamate (meprobamate), meptazinol, metazocine, methylmorphine, N,α-dimethylphenethylamine (methamphetamine), (±)-6-dimethylamino-4,4-diphenyl-3-heptanone (methadone), 2-methyl-3-o-tolyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone (methaqualone), methyl[2-phenyl-2-(2-piperidyl)acetate] (methylphenidate), 5-ethyl-1-methyl-5-phenylbarbituric acid (methylphenobarbital), 3,3-diethyl-5-methyl-2,4-piperidinedione (methyprylon), metopon, 8-chloro-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine (midazolam), 2-(benzhydrylsulfinyl)-acetamide (modafinil), 4,5α-epoxy-17-methyl-7-morphinen-3,6α-diol (morphine), myrophine, (±)-trans-3-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)-7,8,10,10α-tetrahydro-1-hydroxy-6,6-dimethyl-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyrane-9(6αH)-one (nabilone), nalbuphine, nalorphine, narceine, nicomorphine, 1-methyl-7-nitro-5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2(3H)-one (nimetazepam), 7-nitro-5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2(3H)-one (nitrazepam), 7-chloro-5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2(3H)-one (nordazepam), norlevorphanol, 6-dimethylamino-4,4-diphenyl-3-hexanone (normethadone), normorphine, norpipanone, the exudation of plants belonging to the species Papaver somniferum (opium), 7-chloro-3-hydroxy-5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2(3H)-one (oxazepam), (cis-trans)-10-chloro-2,3,7,11b-tetrahydro-2-methyl-11b-phenyloxazolo[3,2-d][1,4]benzodiazepine-6-(5H)-one (oxazolam), 4,5α-epoxy-14-hydroxy-3-methoxy-17-methyl-6-morphinanone (oxycodone), oxymorphone, plants and parts of plants belonging to the species Papaver somniferum (including the subspecies setigerum), papavereturn, 2-imino-5-phenyl-4-oxazolidinone (pernoline), 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-6,11-dimethyl-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-2,6-methano-3-benzazocin-8-ol (pentazocine), 5-ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)-barbituric acid (pentobarbital), ethyl-(1-methyl-4-phenyl-4-piperidine carboxylate) (pethidine), phenadoxone, phenomorphan, phenazocine, phenoperidine, piminodine, pholcodine, 3-methyl-2-phenylmorpholine (phenmetrazine), 5-ethyl-5-phenylbarbituric acid (phenobarbital), α,α-dimethylphenethylamine (phentermine), 7-chloro-5-phenyl-1-(2-propynyl)-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2(3H)-one (pinazepam), α-(2-piperidyl)benzhydryl alcohol (pipradrol), 1′-(3-cyano-3,3-diphenylpropyl)[1,4′-bipiperidine]-4′-carboxamide (piritramide), 7-chloro-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2(3H)-one (prazepam), profadol, proheptazine, promedol, properidine, propoxyphene, N-(1-methyl-2-piperidinoethyl)-N-(2-pyridyl)propionamide, methyl {3-[4-methoxycarbonyl-4-(N-phenylpropanamido)piperidino]propanoate} (remifentanil), 5-sec-butyl-5-ethylbarbituric acid (secbutabarbital), 5-allyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)-barbituric acid (secobarbital), N-{4-methoxymethyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]-4-piperidyl}-propionanilide (sufentanil), 7-chloro-2-hydroxy-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2(3H)-one (temazepam), 7-chloro-5-(1-cyclohexenyl)-1-methyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2(3H)-one (tetrazepam), ethyl (2-dimethylamino-1-phenyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate) (tilidine (cis and trans)), tramadol, 8-chloro-6-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine (triazolam), 5-(1-methylbutyl)-5-vinylbarbituric acid (vinylbital), (1R*,2R*)-3-(3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl)-phenol, (1R,2R,4S)-2-(dimethylamino)methyl-4-(p-fluoro-benzyloxy)-1-(m-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol, (1R,2R)-3-(2-dimethylaminomethyl-cyclohexyl)phenol, (1S,2S)-3-(3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl)phenol, (2R,3R)-1-dimethylamino-3(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-pentan-3-ol, (1RS,3RS,6RS)-6-dimethylaminomethyl-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-cyclohexane-1,3-diol, 3-(2-dimethylaminomethyl-1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl)phenyl 2-(4-isobutoxy-phenyl)-propionate, 3-(2-dimethylaminomethyl-1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl)phenyl 2-(6-methoxy-naphthalen-2-yl)-propionate, 3-(2-dimethylamino-methyl-cyclohex-1-enyl)-phenyl 2-(4-isobutyl-phenyl)-propionate, 3-(2-dimethylaminomethyl-cyclohex-1-enyl)-phenyl 2-(6-methoxy-naphthalen-2-yl)-propionate, (RR—SS)-2-acetoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid 3-(2-dimethylaminomethyl-1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl)-phenyl ester, (RR—SS)-2-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid 3-(2-dimethylaminomethyl-1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl)-phenyl ester, (RR—SS)-4-chloro-2-hydroxy-benzoic acid 3-(2-dimethylaminomethyl-1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl)-phenyl ester, (RR—SS)-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-benzoic acid 3-(2-dimethylamino-methyl-1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl)-phenyl ester, (RR—SS)-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzoic acid 3-(2-dimethylaminomethyl-1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl)-phenyl ester, (RR—SS)-2-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzoic acid 3-(2-dimethylaminomethyl-1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl)-phenyl ester, (RR—SS)-2′,4′-difluoro-3-hydroxy-biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid 3-(2-dimethylaminomethyl-1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl)-phenyl ester and for corresponding stereoisomeric compounds, the corresponding derivatives thereof in each case, in particular esters or ethers, and the physiologically acceptable compounds thereof in each case, in particular the salts and solvates thereof.
  • The compounds (1R*,2R*)-3-(3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl)-phenol, (1R,2R,4S)-2-(dimethylamino)methyl-4-(p-fluorobenzyloxy)-1-(m-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol or the stereoisomeric compounds thereof or the physiologically acceptable compounds thereof, in particular the hydrochlorides thereof, the derivatives thereof, such as esters or ethers, and processes for the production thereof are known, for example, from EP-A-693475 or EP-A-780369. The corresponding descriptions are hereby introduced as a reference and are deemed to be part of the disclosure.
  • In order to achieve the necessary breaking strength of the dosage form according to the invention, at least one synthetic or natural polymer (C) is used which has a breaking strength, measured using the method disclosed in the present application, of at least 500 N. At least one polymer selected from the group consisting of polymethylene oxide, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyacrylate, copolymers thereof, and mixtures of at least two of the stated polymers is preferably used for this purpose. The polymers are distinguished by a molecular weight of at least 0.5 million, determined by rheological measurements. Thermoplastic polyalkylene oxides, such as polyethylene oxides, with a molecular weight of at least 0.5 million, preferably of up to 15 million, determined by rheological measurements, are very particularly preferred. These polymers have a viscosity at 25° C. of 4500 to 17600 cP, measured on a 5 wt. % aqueous solution using a model RVF Brookfield viscosimeter (spindle no. 2/rotational speed 2 rpm), of 400 to 4000 cP, measured on a 2 wt. % aqueous solution using the stated viscosimeter (spindle no. 1 or 3/rotational speed 10 rpm) or of 1650 to 10000 cP, measured on a 1 wt. % aqueous solution using the stated viscosimeter (spindle no. 2/rotational speed 2 rpm).
  • The polymers are used in powder form.
  • In order to achieve the necessary breaking strength of the dosage form according to the invention, it is furthermore possible additionally to use at least one natural or synthetic wax (D) with a breaking strength, measured using the method disclosed in the present application, of at least 500 N. Waxes with a softening point of at least 60° C. are preferred. Carnauba wax and beeswax are particularly preferred. Carnauba wax is very particularly preferred. Carnauba wax is a natural wax which is obtained from the leaves of the carnauba palm and has a softening point of ≧80° C. When the wax component is additionally used, it is used together with at least one polymer (C) in quantities such that the dosage form has a breaking strength of at least 500 N.
  • The dosage forms according to the invention are distinguished in that, due their hardness, they cannot be pulverised, for example by grinding in a mortar. This virtually rules out oral or parenteral, in particular intravenous or nasal abuse. However, in order to prevent any possible abuse in the event of comminution and/or pulverisation of the dosage form according to the invention which has nevertheless been achieved by application of extreme force, the dosage forms according to the invention may, in a preferred embodiment, contain further agents which complicate or prevent abuse as auxiliary substances (B).
  • The abuse-proofed dosage form according to the invention, which comprises, apart from one or more active ingredients with abuse potential, at least one hardening polymer (C) and optionally at least one wax (D), may accordingly also comprise at least one of the following components (a)-(f) as auxiliary substances (B):
    • (a) at least one substance which irritates the nasal passages and/or pharynx,
    • (b) at least one viscosity-increasing agent, which, with the assistance of a necessary minimum quantity of an aqueous liquid, forms a gel with the extract obtained from the dosage form, which gel preferably remains visually distinguishable when introduced into a further quantity of an aqueous liquid,
    • (c) at least one antagonist for each of the active ingredients with abuse potential,
    • (d) at least one emetic,
    • (e) at least one dye as an aversive agent,
    • (f) at least one bitter substance.
  • Components (a) to (f) are additionally each individually suitable for abuse-proofing the dosage form according to the invention. Accordingly, component (a) is preferably suitable for proofing the dosage form against nasal, oral and/or parenteral, preferably intravenous, abuse, component (b) is preferably suitable for proofing against parenteral, particularly preferably intravenous and/or nasal abuse, component (c) is preferably suitable for proofing against nasal and/or parenteral, particularly preferably intravenous, abuse, component (d) is preferably suitable for proofing against parenteral, particularly preferably intravenous, and/or oral and/or nasal abuse, component (e) is suitable as a visual deterrent against oral or parenteral abuse and component (f) is suitable for proofing against oral or nasal abuse. Combined use according to the invention of at least one of the above-stated components makes it possible still more effectively to prevent abuse of dosage forms according to the invention.
  • In one embodiment, the dosage form according to the invention may also comprise two or more of components (a)-(f) in a combination, preferably (a), (b) and optionally (c) and/or (f) and/or (e) or (a), (b) and optionally (d) and/or (f) and/or (e).
  • In another embodiment, the dosage form according to the invention may comprise all of components (a)-(f).
  • If the dosage form according to the invention comprises component (a) to counter abuse, substances which irritate the nasal passages and/or pharynx which may be considered according to the invention are any substances which, when administered via the nasal passages and/or pharynx, bring about a physical reaction which is either so unpleasant for the abuser that he/she does not wish to or cannot continue administration, for example burning, or physiologically counteracts taking of the corresponding active ingredient, for example due to increased nasal secretion or sneezing. These substances which conventionally irritate the nasal passages and/or pharynx may also bring about a very unpleasant sensation or even unbearable pain when administered parenterally, in particular intravenously, such that the abuser does not wish to or cannot continue taking the substance.
  • Particularly suitable substances which irritate the nasal passages and/or pharynx are those which cause burning, itching, an urge to sneeze, increased formation of secretions or a combination of at least two of these stimuli. Appropriate substances and the quantities thereof which are conventionally to be used are known per se to the skilled person or may be identified by simple preliminary testing.
  • The substance which irritates the nasal passages and/or pharynx of component (a) is preferably based on one or more constituents or one or more plant parts of at least one hot substance drug.
  • Corresponding hot substance drugs are known per se to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in “Pharmazeutische Biologie—Drogen and ihre Inhaltsstoffe” by Prof. Dr. Hildebert Wagner, 2nd., revised edition, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart-N.Y., 1982, pages 82 et seq. The corresponding description is hereby introduced as a reference and is deemed to be part of the disclosure.
  • The dosage form according to the invention may preferably contain the plant parts of the corresponding hot substance drugs in a quantity of 0.01 to 30 wt. %, particularly preferably of 0.1 to 0.5 wt. %, in each case relative to the total weight dosage unit.
  • If one or more constituents of corresponding hot substance drugs are used, the quantity thereof in a dosage unit according to the invention preferably amounts to 0.001 to 0.005 wt. %, relative to the total weight of the dosage unit.
  • A dosage unit is taken to mean a separate or separable administration unit, such as for example a tablet or a capsule.
  • One or more constituents of at least one hot substance drug selected from the group consisting of Allii sativi bulbus (garlic), Asari rhizoma cum herba (Asarum root and leaves), Calami rhizoma (calamus root), Capsici fructus (capsicum), Capsici fructus acer (cayenne pepper), Curcumae longae rhizoma (turmeric root), Curcumae xanthorrhizae rhizoma (Javanese turmeric root), Galangae rhizoma (galangal root), Myristicae semen (nutmeg), Piperis nigri fructus (pepper), Sinapis albae semen (white mustard seed), Sinapis nigri semen (black mustard seed), Zedoariae rhizoma (zedoary root) and Zingiberis rhizoma (ginger root), particularly preferably from the group consisting of Capsici fructus (capsicum), Capsici fructus acer (cayenne pepper) and Piperis nigri fructus (pepper) may preferably be added as component (a) to the dosage form according to the invention.
  • The constituents of the hot substance drugs preferably comprise o-methoxy(methyl)phenol compounds, acid amide compounds, mustard oils or sulfide compounds or compounds derived therefrom.
  • Particularly preferably, at least one constituent of the hot substance drugs is selected from the group consisting of myristicin, elemicin, isoeugenol, β-asarone, safrole, gingerols, xanthorrhizol, capsaicinoids, preferably capsaicin, capsaicin derivatives, such as N-vanillyl-9E-octadecenamide, dihydrocapsaicin, nordihydrocapsaicin, homocapsaicin, norcapsaicin and nomorcapsaicin, piperine, preferably trans-piperine, glucosinolates, preferably based on non-volatile mustard oils, particularly preferably based on p-hydroxybenzyl mustard oil, methylmercapto mustard oil or methylsulfonyl mustard oil, and compounds derived from these constituents.
  • Another option for preventing abuse of the dosage form according to the invention consists in adding at least one viscosity-increasing agent as a further abuse-preventing component (b) to the dosage form, which, with the assistance of a necessary minimum quantity of an aqueous liquid, forms a gel with the extract obtained from the dosage form, which gel is virtually impossible to administer safely and preferably remains visually distinguishable when introduced into a further quantity of an aqueous liquid.
  • For the purposes of the present invention visually distinguishable means that the active ingredient-containing gel formed with the assistance of a necessary minimum quantity of aqueous liquid, when introduced, preferably with the assistance of a hypodermic needle, into a further quantity of aqueous liquid at 37° C., remains substantially insoluble and cohesive and cannot straightforwardly be dispersed in such a manner that it can safely be administered parenterally, in particular intravenously. The material preferably remains visually distinguishable for at least one minute, preferably for at least 10 minutes.
  • The increased viscosity of the extract makes it more difficult or even impossible for it to be passed through a needle or injected. If the gel remains visually distinguishable, this means that the gel obtained on introduction into a further quantity of aqueous liquid, for example by injection into blood, initially remains in the form of a largely cohesive thread, which, while it may indeed be broken up into smaller fragments, cannot be dispersed or even dissolved in such a manner that it can safely be administered parenterally, in particular intravenously. In combination with at least one optionally present component (a) to (e), this additionally leads to unpleasant burning, vomiting, bad flavour and/or visual deterrence.
  • Intravenous administration of such a gel would most probably result in obstruction of blood vessels, associated with serious embolism or even death of the abuser.
  • In order to verify whether a viscosity-increasing agent is suitable as component (b) for use in the dosage form according to the invention, the active ingredient is mixed with the viscosity-increasing agent and suspended in 10 ml of water at a temperature of 25° C. If this results in the formation of a gel which fulfils the above-stated conditions, the corresponding viscosity-increasing agent is suitable for preventing or averting abuse of the dosage forms according to the invention.
  • If component (b) is added to the dosage form according to the invention, one or more viscosity-increasing agents are used which are selected from the group consisting of microcrystalline cellulose with 11 wt. % carboxymethylcellulose sodium (Avicel® RC 591), carboxymethylcellulose sodium (Blanose®, CMC-Na C300P®, Frimulsion BLC-5®, Tylose C300 P®), polyacrylic acid (Carbopol® 980 NF, Carbopol® 981), locust bean flour (Cesagum® LA-200, Cesagum® LID/150, Cesagum® LN-1), pectins such as citrus pectin (Cesapectin® HM Medium Rapid Set), apple pectin, pectin from lemon peel, waxy maize starch (C*Gel 04201®), sodium alginate (Frimulsion ALG (E401)®), guar flour (Frimulsion BM®, Polygum 26/1-75®), iota carrageen (Frimulsion D021®), karaya gum, gellan gum (Kelcogel F®, Kelcogel LT1000), galactomannan (Meyprogat 150 ®), tara bean flour (Polygum 43/1®), propylene glycol alginate (Protanal-Ester SD-LB®), sodium hyaluronate, tragacanth, tara gum (Vidogum SP 200®), fermented polysaccharide welan gum (K1A96), xanthan gum (Xantural 180®). Xanthans are particularly preferred. The names stated in brackets are the trade names by which the materials are known commercially. In general, a quantity of 0.1 to 5 wt. % of the viscosity-increasing agent(s) is sufficient to fulfil the above-stated conditions.
  • The component (b) viscosity-increasing agents, where provided, are preferably present in the dosage form according to the invention in quantities of ≧5 mg per dosage unit, i.e. per administration unit.
  • In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the viscosity-increasing agents used as component (b) are those which, on extraction from the dosage form with the necessary minimum quantity of aqueous liquid, form a gel which encloses air bubbles. The resultant gels are distinguished by a turbid appearance, which provides the potential abuser with an additional optical warning and discourages him/her from administering the gel parenterally.
  • It is also possible to formulate the viscosity-increasing agent and the other constituents in the dosage form according to the invention in a mutually spatially separated arrangement.
  • In order to discourage and prevent abuse, the dosage form according to the invention may furthermore comprise component (c), namely one or more antagonists for the active ingredient or active ingredients with abuse potential, wherein the antagonists are preferably spatially separated from the remaining constituents of the invention dosage according to the form and, when correctly used, do not exert any effect.
  • Suitable antagonists for preventing abuse of the active ingredients are known per se to the person skilled in the art and may be present in the dosage form according to the invention as such or in the form of corresponding derivatives, in particular esters or ethers, or in each case in the form of corresponding physiologically acceptable compounds, in particular in the form of the salts or solvates thereof.
  • If the active ingredient present in the dosage form is an opiate or an opioid, the antagonist used is preferably an antagonist selected from the group consisting of naloxone, naltrexone, nalmefene, nalid, nalmexone, nalorphine or naluphine, in each case optionally in the form of a corresponding physiologically acceptable compound, in particular in the form of a base, a salt or solvate. The corresponding antagonists, where component (c) is provided, are preferably used in a quantity of ≧10 mg, particularly preferably in a quantity of 10 to 100 mg, very particularly preferably in a quantity of 10 to 50 mg per dosage form, i.e. per administration unit.
  • If the dosage form according to the invention comprises a stimulant as active ingredient, the antagonist is preferably a neuroleptic, preferably at least one compound selected from the group consisting of haloperidol, promethazine, fluphenazine, perphenazine, levomepromazine, thioridazine, perazine, chlorpromazine, chlorprothixine, zuclopentixol, flupentixol, prothipendyl, zotepine, benperidol, pipamperone, melperone and bromperidol.
  • The dosage form according to the invention preferably comprises these antagonists in a conventional therapeutic dose known to the person skilled in the art, particularly preferably in a quantity of twice to four times the conventional dose per administration unit.
  • If the combination to discourage and prevent abuse of the dosage form according to the invention comprises component (d), it may comprise at least one emetic, which is preferably present in a spatially separated arrangement from the other components of the dosage form according to the invention and, when correctly used, is intended not to exert its effect in the body.
  • Suitable emetics for preventing abuse of an active ingredient are known per se to the person skilled in the art and may be present in the dosage form according to the invention as such or in the form of corresponding derivatives, in particular esters or ethers, or in each case in the form of corresponding physiologically acceptable compounds, in particular in the form of the salts or solvates thereof.
  • An emetic based on one or more constituents of radix ipecacuanha (ipecac root), preferably based on the constituent emetine may preferably be considered in the dosage form according to the invention, as are, for example, described in “Pharmazeutische Biologie—Drogen and ihre Inhaltsstoffe” by Prof. Dr. Hildebert Wagner, 2nd, revised edition, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, N.Y., 1982. The corresponding literature description is hereby introduced as a reference and is deemed to be part of the disclosure.
  • The dosage form according to the invention may preferably comprise the emetic emetine as component (d), preferably in a quantity of ≧10 mg, particularly preferably of ≧20 mg and very particularly preferably in a quantity of ≧40 mg per dosage form, i.e. administration unit.
  • Apomorphine may likewise preferably be used as an emetic in the abuse-proofing according to the invention, preferably in a quantity of preferably ≧3 mg, particularly preferably of ≧5 mg and very particularly preferably of ≧7 mg per administration unit.
  • If the dosage form according to the invention contains component (e) as a further abuse-preventing auxiliary substance, the use of a such a dye brings about an intense coloration of a corresponding aqueous solution, in particular when the attempt is made to extract the active ingredient for parenteral, preferably intravenous administration, which coloration may act as a deterrent to the potential abuser. Oral abuse, which conventionally begins by means of aqueous extraction of the active ingredient, may also be prevented by this coloration. Suitable dyes and the quantities required for the necessary deterrence may be found in WO 03/015531, wherein the corresponding disclosure should be deemed to be part of the present disclosure and is hereby introduced as a reference.
  • If the dosage form according to the invention contains component (f) as a further abuse-preventing auxiliary substance, this addition of at least one bitter substance and the consequent impairment of the flavour of the dosage form additionally prevents oral and/or nasal abuse.
  • Suitable bitter substances and the quantities effective for use may be found in US-2003/0064099 A1, the corresponding disclosure of which should be deemed to be the disclosure of the present application and is hereby introduced as a reference. Suitable bitter substances are preferably aromatic oils, preferably peppermint oil, eucalyptus oil, bitter almond oil, menthol, fruit aroma substances, preferably aroma substances from lemons, oranges, limes, grapefruit or mixtures thereof, and/or denatonium benzoate.
  • The solid dosage form according to the invention is suitable to be taken orally or rectally, preferably orally. The orally administrable dosage form according to the invention may assume multiparticulate form, preferably in the form of microtablets, microcapsules, micropellets, granules, spheroids, beads or pellets, optionally packaged in capsules or pressed into tablets. The multiparticulate forms preferably have a size or size distribution in the range from 0.1 to 3 mm, particularly preferably in the range from 0.5 to 2 mm. Depending on the desired dosage form, conventional auxiliary substances (B) are optionally also used for the formulation of the dosage form.
  • The solid, abuse-proofed dosage form according to the invention is preferably produced by mixing the components (A), (B), (C) and/optionally (D) and at least one of the optionally present further abuse-preventing components (a)-(f) and, optionally after granulation, press-forming the resultant mixture to yield the dosage form with preceding, simultaneous, or subsequent exposure to heat.
  • Mixing of components (A), (B), (C) and optionally (D) and of the optionally present further components (a)-(f) proceeds in a mixer known to the person skilled in the art. The mixer may, for example, be a roll mixer, shaking mixer, shear mixer or compulsory mixer.
  • The resultant mixture is preferably formed directly by application of pressure to yield the dosage form according to the invention with preceding, simultaneous or subsequent exposure to heat. The mixture may, for example, be formed into tablets by direct tabletting. In direct tabletting with simultaneous exposure to heat, the tabletting tool, i.e. bottom punch, top punch and die are briefly heated at least to the softening temperature of the polymer (C) and pressed together. In direct tabletting with subsequent exposure to heat, the formed tablets are briefly heated at least to the softening temperature (glass transition temperature, melting temperature; sintering temperature) of component (C) and cooled again. In direct tabletting with preceding exposure to heat, the material to be pressed is heated immediately prior to tabletting at least to the softening temperature of component (C) and then pressed.
  • The resultant mixture of components (A), (B), (C) and optionally (D) and the optionally present components (a) to (f) may also first be granulated and then be formed with preceding, simultaneous, or subsequent exposure to heat to yield the dosage form according to the invention.
  • In a further preferred embodiment, the dosage form according to the invention assumes the form of a tablet, a capsule or is in the form of an oral osmotic therapeutic system (OROS), preferably if at least one further abuse-preventing component (a)-(f) is also present.
  • If components (c) and/or (d) and/or (f) are present in the dosage form according to the invention, care must be taken to ensure that they are formulated in such a manner or are present in such a low dose that, when correctly administered, the dosage form is able to bring about virtually no effect which impairs the patient or the efficacy of the active ingredient.
  • If the dosage form according to the invention contains component (d) and/or (f), the dosage must be selected such that, when correctly orally administered, no negative effect is caused. If, however, the intended dosage of the dosage form is exceeded inadvertently, in particular by children, or in the event of abuse, nausea or an inclination to vomit or a bad flavour are produced. The particular quantity of component (d) and/or (f) which can still be tolerated by the patient in the event of correct oral administration may be determined by the person skilled in the art by simple preliminary testing.
  • If, however, irrespective of the fact that the dosage form according to the invention is virtually impossible to pulverise, the dosage form containing the components (c) and/or (d) and/or (f) is provided with protection, these components should preferably be used at a dosage which is sufficiently high that, when abusively administered, they bring about an intense negative effect on the abuser. This is preferably achieved by spatial separation of at least the active ingredient or active ingredients from components (c) and/or (d) and/or (f), wherein the active ingredient or active ingredients is/are present in at least one subunit (X) and components (c) and/or (d) and/or (f) is/are present in at least one subunit (Y), and wherein, when the dosage form is correctly administered, components (c), (d) and (f) do not exert their effect on taking and/or in the body and the remaining components of the formulation, in particular component (C), are identical.
  • If the dosage form according to the invention comprises at least 2 of components (c) and (d) or (f), these may each be present in the same or different subunits (Y). Preferably, when present, all the components (c) and (d) and (f) are present in one and the same subunit (Y).
  • For the purposes of the present invention, subunits are solid formulations, which in each case, apart from conventional auxiliary substances known to the person skilled in the art, contain the active ingredient(s), at least one polymer (C) and optionally at least one of the optionally present components (a) and/or (b) and/or (e) or in each case at least one polymer (C) and the antagonist(s) and/or emetic(s) and/or component (e) and/or component (f) and optionally at least one of the optionally present components (a) and/or (b). Care must here be taken to ensure that each of the subunits is formulated in accordance with the above-stated process.
  • One substantial advantage of the separated formulation of active ingredients from components (c) or (d) or (f) in subunits (X) and (Y) of the dosage form according to the invention is that, when correctly administered, components (c) and/or (d) and/or (f) are hardly released on taking and/or in the body or are released in such small quantities that they exert no effect which impairs the patient or therapeutic success or, on passing through the patient's body, they are only liberated in locations where they cannot be sufficiently absorbed to be effective. When the dosage form is correctly administered, hardly any of components (c) and/or (d) and/or (f) is released into the patient's body or they go unnoticed by the patient.
  • The person skilled in the art will understand that the above-stated conditions may vary as a function of the particular components (c), (d) and/or (f) used and of the formulation of the subunits or the dosage form. The optimum formulation for the particular dosage form may be determined by simple preliminary testing. What is vital is that each subunit contains the polymer (C) and has been formulated in the stated manner.
  • Should, contrary to expectations, the abuser succeed in comminuting such a dosage form according to the invention, which comprises components (c) and/or (e) and/or (d) and/or (f) in subunits (Y), for the purpose of abusing the active ingredient and obtain a powder which is extracted with a suitable extracting agent, not only the active ingredient but also the particular component (c) and/or (e) and/or (f) and/or (d) will be obtained in a form in which it cannot readily be separated from the active ingredient, such that when the dosage form which has been tampered with is administered, in particular by oral and/or parenteral administration, it will exert its effect on taking and/or in the body combined with an additional negative effect on the abuser corresponding to component (c) and/or (d) and/or (f) or, when the attempt is made to extract the active ingredient, the coloration will act as a deterrent and so prevent abuse of the dosage form.
  • A dosage form according to the invention, in which the active ingredient or active ingredients is/are spatially separated from components (c), (d) and/or (e), preferably by formulation in different subunits, may be formulated in many different ways, wherein the corresponding subunits may each be present in the dosage form according to the invention in any desired spatial arrangement relative to one another, provided that the above-stated conditions for the release of components (c) and/or (d) are fulfilled.
  • The person skilled in the art will understand that component(s) (a) and/or (b) which are optionally also present may preferably be formulated in the dosage form according to the invention both in the particular subunits (X) and (Y) and in the form of independent subunits corresponding to subunits (X) and (Y), provided that neither the abuse-proofing nor the active ingredient release in the event of correct administration is impaired by the nature of the formulation and the polymer (C) is included in the formulation and formulation is carried out in accordance with the above-stated process.
  • In a preferred embodiment of the dosage form according to the invention, subunits (X) and (Y) are present in multiparticulate form, wherein microtablets, microcapsules, micropellets, granules, spheroids, beads or pellets are preferred and the same form, i.e. shape, is selected for both subunit (X) and subunit (Y), such that it is not possible to separate subunits (X) from (Y) by mechanical selection. The multiparticulate forms are preferably of a size in the range from 0.1 to 3 mm, preferably of 0.5 to 2 mm.
  • The subunits (X) and (Y) in multiparticulate form may also preferably be packaged in a capsule or be pressed into a tablet, wherein the final formulation in each case proceeds in such a manner that the subunits (X) and (Y) are also retained in the resultant dosage form.
  • The multiparticulate subunits (X) and (Y) of identical shape should also not be visually distinguishable from one another so that the abuser cannot separate them from one another by simple sorting. This may, for example, be achieved by the application of identical coatings which, apart from this disguising function, may also incorporate further functions, such as, for example, controlled release of one or more active ingredients or provision of a finish resistant to gastric juices on the particular subunits.
  • In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, subunits (X) and (Y) are in each case arranged in layers relative to one another.
  • The layered subunits (X) and (Y) are preferably arranged for this purpose vertically or horizontally relative to one another in the dosage form according to the invention, wherein in each case one or more layered subunits (X) and one or more layered subunits (Y) may be present in the dosage form, such that, apart from the preferred layer sequences (X)-(Y) or (X)-(Y)-(X), any desired other layer sequences may be considered, optionally in combination with layers containing components (a) and/or (b).
  • Another preferred dosage form according to the invention is one in which subunit (Y) forms a core which is completely enclosed by subunit (X), wherein a separation layer (Z) may be present between said layers. Such a structure is preferably also suitable for the above-stated multiparticulate forms, wherein both subunits (X) and (Y) and an optionally present separation layer (Z), which must satisfy the hardness requirement according to the invention, are formulated in one and the same multiparticulate form. In a further preferred embodiment of the dosage form according to the invention, the subunit (X) forms a core, which is enclosed by subunit (Y), wherein the latter comprises at least one channel which leads from the core to the surface of the dosage form.
  • The dosage form according to the invention may comprise, between one layer of the subunit (X) and one layer of the subunit (Y), in each case one or more, preferably one, optionally swellable separation layer (Z) which serves to separate subunit (X) spatially from (Y).
  • If the dosage form according to the invention comprises the layered subunits (X) and (Y) and an optionally present separation layer (Z) in an at least partially vertical or horizontal arrangement, the dosage form preferably takes the form of a tablet, a coextrudate or a laminate.
  • In one particularly preferred embodiment, the entirety of the free surface of subunit (Y) and optionally at least part of the free surface of subunit(s) (X) and optionally at least part of the free surface of the optionally present separation layer(s) (Z) may be coated with at least one barrier layer (Z′) which prevents release of component (c) and/or (e) and/or (d) and/or (f). The barrier layer (Z′) must also fulfil the hardness conditions according to the invention.
  • Another particularly preferred embodiment of the dosage form according to the invention comprises a vertical or horizontal arrangement of the layers of subunits (X) and (Y) and at least one push layer (p) arranged therebetween, and optionally a separation layer (Z), in which dosage form the entirety of the free surface of layer structure consisting of subunits (X) and (Y), the push layer and the optionally present separation layer (Z) is provided with a semipermeable coating (E), which is permeable to a release medium, i.e. conventionally a physiological liquid, but substantially impermeable to the active ingredient and to component (c) and/or (d) and/or (f), and wherein this coating (E) comprises at least one opening for release of the active ingredient in the area of subunit (X).
  • A corresponding dosage form is known to the person skilled in the art, for example under the name oral osmotic therapeutic system (OROS), as are suitable materials and methods for the production thereof, inter alia from U.S. Pat. No. 4,612,008, U.S. Pat. No. 4,765,989 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,783,337. The corresponding descriptions are hereby introduced as a reference and are deemed to be part of the disclosure.
  • In a further preferred embodiment, the subunit (X) of the dosage form according to the invention is in the form of a tablet, the edge face of which and optionally one of the two main faces is covered with a barrier layer (Z′) containing component (c) and/or (d) and/or (f).
  • The person skilled in the art will understand that the auxiliary substances of the subunit(s) (X) or (Y) and of the optionally present separation layer(s) (Z) and/or of the barrier layer(s) (Z′) used in formulating the dosage form according to the invention will vary as a function of the arrangement thereof in the dosage form according to the invention, the mode of administration and as a function of the particular active ingredient of the optionally present components (a) and/or (b) and/or (e) and of component (c) and/or (d) and/or (f). The materials which have the requisite properties are in each case known per se to the person skilled in the art.
  • If release of component (c) and/or (d) and/or (f) from subunit (Y) of the dosage form according to the invention is prevented with the assistance of a cover, preferably a barrier layer, the subunit may consist of conventional materials known to the person skilled in the art, providing that it contains at least one polymer (C) to fulfil the hardness condition of the dosage form according to the invention.
  • If a corresponding barrier layer (Z′) is not provided to prevent release of component (c) and/or (d) and/or (f), the materials of the subunits should be selected such that release of the particular component (c) and/or (d) from subunit (Y) is virtually ruled out. The materials which are stated below to be suitable for production of the barrier layer may preferably be used for this purpose. The materials for the separation layer and/or barrier layer must contain at least one polymer (C) in order to fulfil the hardness conditions.
  • Preferred materials are those which are selected from the group consisting of alkylcelluloses, hydroxyalkylcelluloses, glucans, scleroglucans, mannans, xanthans, copolymers of poly[bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)propane and sebacic acid, preferably in a molar ratio of 20:80 (commercially available under the name Polifeprosan 20®), carboxymethylcelluloses, cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, nitrocelluloses, polymers based on (meth)acrylic acid and the esters thereof, polyamides, polycarbonates, polyalkylenes, polyalkylene glycols, polyalkylene oxides, polyalkylene terephthalates, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl ethers, polyvinyl esters, halogenated polyvinyls, polyglycolides, polysiloxanes and polyurethanes and the copolymers thereof.
  • Particularly suitable materials may be selected from the group consisting of methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxybutylmethylcellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate (of low, medium or high molecular weight), cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate phthalate, carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose triacetate, sodium cellulose sulfate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethyl methacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, polyisobutyl methacrylate, polyhexyl methacrylate, polyisodecyl methacrylate, polylauryl methacrylate, polyphenyl methacrylate, polymethyl acrylate, polyisopropyl acrylate, polyisobutyl acrylate, polyoctadecyl acrylate, polyethylene, low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl isobutyl ether, polyvinyl acetate and polyvinyl chloride.
  • Particularly suitable copolymers may be selected from the group consisting of copolymers of butyl methacrylate and isobutyl methacrylate, copolymers of methyl vinyl ether and maleic acid with high molecular weight, copolymers of methyl vinyl ether and maleic acid monoethyl ester, copolymers of methyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride and copolymers of vinyl alcohol and vinyl acetate.
  • Further materials which are particularly suitable for formulating the barrier layer are starch-filled polycaprolactone (WO98/20073), aliphatic polyesteramides (DE 19 753 534 A1, DE 19 800 698 A1, EP 0 820 698 A1), aliphatic and aromatic polyester urethanes (DE 19822979), polyhydroxyalkanoates, in particular polyhydroxybutyrates, polyhydroxyvalerates, casein (DE 4 309 528), polylactides and copolylactides (EP 0 980 894 A1). The corresponding descriptions are hereby introduced as a reference and are deemed to be part of the disclosure.
  • The above-stated materials may optionally be blended with further conventional auxiliary substances known to the person skilled in the art, preferably selected from the group consisting of glyceryl monostearate, semi-synthetic triglyceride derivatives, semi-synthetic glycerides, hydrogenated castor oil, glyceryl palmitostearate, glyceryl behenate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gelatine, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, sodium stearate, talcum, sodium benzoate, boric acid and colloidal silica, fatty acids, substituted triglycerides, glycerides, polyoxyalkylene glycols and the derivatives thereof.
  • If the dosage form according to the invention comprises a separation layer (Z′), said layer, like the uncovered subunit (Y), may preferably consist of the above-stated materials described for the barrier layer. The person skilled in the art will understand that release of the active ingredient or of component (c) and/or (d) from the particular subunit may be controlled by the thickness of the separation layer.
  • The dosage form according to the invention may comprise one or more active ingredients at least partially in controlled release form, wherein controlled release may be achieved with the assistance of conventional materials and methods known to the person skilled in the art, for example by embedding the active ingredient in a controlled release matrix or by the application of one or more controlled release coatings. Active ingredient release must, however, be controlled such that the above-stated conditions are fulfilled in each case, for example that, in the event of correct administration of the dosage form, the active ingredient or active ingredients are virtually completely released before the optionally present component (c) and/or (d) can exert an impairing effect.
  • Controlled release from the dosage form according to the invention is preferably achieved by embedding the active ingredient in a matrix. The auxiliary substances acting as matrix materials control active ingredient release. Matrix materials may, for example, be hydrophilic, gel-forming materials, from which active ingredient release proceeds mainly by diffusion, or hydrophobic materials, from which active ingredient release proceeds mainly by diffusion from the pores in the matrix.
  • Physiologically acceptable, hydrophobic materials which are known to the person skilled in the art may be used as matrix materials. Polymers, particularly preferably cellulose ethers, cellulose esters and/or acrylic resins are preferably used as hydrophilic matrix materials. Ethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, poly(meth)acrylic acid and/or the derivatives thereof, such as the salts, amides or esters thereof are very particularly preferably used as matrix materials.
  • Matrix materials prepared from hydrophobic materials, such as hydrophobic polymers, waxes, fats, long-chain fatty acids, fatty alcohols or corresponding esters or ethers or mixtures thereof are also preferred. Mono- or diglycerides of C12-C30 fatty acids and/or C12-C30 fatty alcohols and/or waxes or mixtures thereof are particularly preferably used as hydrophobic materials.
  • It is also possible to use mixtures of the above-stated hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials as matrix materials.
  • Component (C) and the optionally present component (D), which serve to achieve the breaking strength of at least 500 N which is necessary according to the invention may furthermore also optionally serve as additional matrix materials.
  • If the dosage form according to the invention is intended for oral administration, it may also preferably comprise a coating which is resistant to gastric juices and dissolves as a function of the pH value of the release environment. By means of this coating, it is possible to ensure that the dosage form according to the invention passes through the stomach undissolved and the active ingredient is only released in the intestines. The coating which is resistant to gastric juices preferably dissolves at a pH value of between 5 and 7.5.
  • Corresponding materials and methods for the controlled release of active ingredients and for the application of coatings which are resistant to gastric juices are known to the person skilled in the art, for example from “Coated Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms—Fundamentals, Manufacturing Techniques, Biopharmaceutical Aspects, Test Methods and Raw Materials” by Kurt H. Bauer, K. Lehmann, Hermann P. Osterwald, Rothgang, Gerhart, 1st edition, 1998, Medpharm Scientific Publishers. The corresponding literature description is hereby introduced as a reference and is deemed to be part of the disclosure.
    • Method for Determining Breaking Strength
    • A) In order to verify whether a polymer may be used as component (C), the polymer is pressed to form a tablet with a diameter of 10 mm and a height of 5 mm using a force of 150 N at a temperature which at least corresponds to the softening point of the polymer and is determined with the assistance of a DSC diagram of the polymer. Using tablets produced in this manner, breaking strength is determined with the apparatus described below in accordance with the method for determining the breaking strength of tablets published in the European Pharmacopoeia 1997, page 143-144, method no. 2.9.8. The apparatus used for the measurement is a series 3300 universal tester, single column benchtop model no. 3345 from Instron®, Canton, Mass., USA. The clamping tool used is a pressure piston with a diameter of 25 mm, which can be subjected to a load of up to 1 kN (item no. 2501-3 from Instron®).
      • An Instron® universal tester, single column benchtop model no. 5543, with the above-stated clamping tool may also be used to carry out the measurement.
      • The tablets deemed to be resistant to breaking under a specific load include not only those which have not broken but also those which may have suffered plastic deformation under the action of the force.
      • Providing that the dosage form is in tablet form, breaking strength may be determined using the same measurement method.
  • The following Examples illustrate the invention purely by way of example and without restricting the general concept of the invention.
    • EXAMPLES
  • Tramadol hydrochloride was used as the active ingredient in a series of Examples. Tramadol hydrochloride was used, despite tramadol not being an active ingredient which conventionally has abuse potential, because it is not governed by German narcotics legislation, so simplifying the experimental work. Tramadol is moreover a member of the opioid class with excellent water solubility.
    • Example 1
  • Complete
    Components Per tablet batch
    Tramadol hydrochloride 100 mg 100 g
    Polyethylene oxide, NF, MFI 200 mg 200 g
    (190° C. at 21.6 kg/10 min) <0.5 g
    MW 7 000 000 (Polyox WSR 303, Dow
    Chemicals)
    Total weight 300 mg 300 g
  • Tramadol hydrochloride and polyethylene oxide powder were mixed in a free-fall mixer. A tabletting tool with top punch, bottom punch and die for tablets with a diameter of 10 mm and a radius of curvature of 8 mm was heated to 80° C. in a heating cabinet. 300 mg portions of the powder mixture were pressed with the heated tool, wherein pressure was maintained for at least 15 seconds by clamping the tabletting tool in a vice.
  • The breaking strength of the tablets was determined with the stated apparatus in accordance with the stated method. The tablets did not break when exposed to a force of 500 N.
  • The tablet could not be comminuted using a hammer, nor with the assistance of a mortar and pestle.
  • In vitro release of the active ingredient from the preparation was determined in a paddle stirrer apparatus in accordance with Pharm. Eur. The temperature of the release medium was 37° C. and the rotational speed of the stirrer 75 min−1. At the beginning of the investigation, each tablet was placed in a 600 ml portion of artificial gastric juice, pH 1.2. After 30 minutes, the pH value was increased to 2.3 by addition of alkali solution, after a further 90 minutes to pH 6.5 and after a further 60 minutes to pH 7.2. The released quantity of active ingredient present in the dissolution medium at each point in time was determined by spectrophotometry.
  • Time Released quantity
     30 min 15%
    240 min 52%
    480 min 80%
    720 min 99%
    • Example 2
  • 300 mg portions of the powder mixture from Example 1 were heated to 80° C. and in placed in the die of the tabletting tool. Pressing was then performed. The tablet exhibits the same properties such as the tablet in Example 1.
    • Example 3
  • Raw material Per tablet Complete batch
    Tramadol hydrochloride  50 mg 100 g
    Polyethylene oxide, NF, 100 mg 200 g
    MW 7 000 000 (Polyox WSR 303,
    Dow Chemicals)
    Total weight 150 mg 300 g
  • Tramadol hydrochloride and the above-stated components were mixed in a free-fall mixer. A tabletting tool with top punch, bottom punch and die for tablets with a diameter of 7 mm was heated to 80° C. in a heating cabinet. 150 mg portions of the powder mixture were pressed with the heated tool, wherein pressure was maintained for at least 15 seconds by clamping the tabletting tool in a vice.
  • The breaking strength of the tablets was determined with the stated apparatus in accordance with the stated method. The tablets did not break when exposed to a force of 500 N.
  • In vitro release of the active ingredient was determined as in Example 1 and was:
  • Time Released quantity
     30 min 15%
    240 min 62%
    480 min 88%
    720 min 99%
    • Example 4
  • Complete
    Raw material Per tablet batch
    Tramadol hydrochloride 100 mg 100 g
    Polyethylene oxide, NF, 180 mg 180 g
    MW 7 000 000 (Polyox WSR
    303, Dow Chemicals)
    Xanthan, NF  20 mg  20 g
    Total weight 300 mg 300 g
  • Tramadol hydrochloride, xanthan and polyethylene oxide were mixed in a free-fall mixer. A tabletting tool with top punch, bottom punch and die for tablets with a diameter of 10 mm and a radius of curvature of 8 mm was heated to 80° C. in a heating cabinet. 300 mg portions of the powder mixture were pressed with the heated tool, wherein pressure was maintained for at least 15 seconds by clamping the tabletting tool in a vice.
  • The breaking strength of the tablets was determined with the stated apparatus in accordance with the stated method. The tablets did not break when exposed to a force of 500 N. The tablets did suffer a little plastic deformation.
  • In vitro release of the active ingredient was determined as in Example 1 and was:
  • Time Released quantity
     30 min 14%
    240 min 54%
    480 min 81%
    720 min 99%
  • The tablets could be cut up with a knife into pieces of an edge length of as small as approx. 2 mm. No further comminution proceeding as far as pulverisation was possible. When the pieces are combined with water, a highly viscous gel is formed. Only with great difficulty could the gel be pressed through a 0.9 mm injection cannula. When the gel was injected into water, the gel did not spontaneously mix with water, but remained visually distinguishable.
    • Example 5
  • Complete
    Raw material Per tablet batch
    Tramadol hydrochloride 50 mg 100 g
    Polyethylene oxide, NF, 90 mg 180 g
    MW 7 000 000 (Polyox WSR
    303, Dow Chemicals)
    Xanthan, NF 10 mg  20 g
    Total weight 300 mg  300 g
  • Tramadol hydrochloride, xanthan and polyethylene oxide were mixed in a free-fall mixer. A tabletting tool with a top punch, bottom punch and die for oblong tablets 10 mm in length and 5 mm in width was heated to 90° C. in a heating cabinet. 150 mg portions of the powder mixture were pressed with the heated tool, wherein pressure was maintained for at least 15 seconds by clamping the tabletting tool in a vice.
  • The breaking strength of the tablets was determined with the stated apparatus in accordance with the stated method. The tablets did not break when exposed to a force of 500 N. The tablets did suffer a little plastic deformation.
  • In vitro release of the active ingredient was determined as in Example 1 and was:
  • Time Released quantity
     30 min 22%
    120 min 50%
    240 min 80%
    360 min 90%
    480 min 99%
  • The tablets could be cut up into pieces of an edge length of as small as approx. 2 mm, but could not be pulverised. When the pieces are combined with water, a highly viscous gel is formed. Only with great difficulty could the gel be pressed through a 0.9 mm injection cannula. When the gel was injected into water, the gel did not spontaneously mix with water, but remained visually distinguishable.
    • Example 6
  • A tablet with the following composition was produced as described in Example 1:
  • Components Per tablet Per batch
    Oxycodone hydrochloride  20.0 mg 0.240 g
    Xanthan, NF  20.0 mg 0.240 g
    Polyethylene oxide, NF, MFI 110.0 mg 1.320 g
    (190° C. at 21.6 kg/10 min) <0.5 g
    MW 7 000 000 (Polyox WSR 303,
    Dow Chemicals)
    Total weight 150.0 mg 1.800 g
  • Release of the active ingredient was determined as follows:
  • In vitro release of the active ingredient from the preparation was determined in a paddle stirrer apparatus in accordance with Pharm. Eur. The temperature of the release medium was 37° C. and the rotational speed 75 rpm. The phosphate buffer, pH 6.8, described in DSP served as the release medium. The quantity of active ingredient present in the solvent at the particular time of testing was determined by spectrophotometry.
  • Time Mean
     0 min    0%
     30 min   17%
    240 min   61%
    480 min   90%
    720 min 101.1%
  • The breaking strength of the tablets was determined with the stated apparatus in accordance with the stated method. The tablets did not break when exposed to a force of 500 N.
  • The tablets could be cut up into pieces of an edge length of as small as approx. 2 mm, but could not be pulverised. When the pieces are combined with water, a highly viscous gel is formed. Only with great difficulty could the gel be pressed through a 0.9 mm injection cannula. When the gel was injected into water, the gel did not spontaneously mix with water, but remained visually distinguishable.

Claims (53)

1. An abuse-proofed, thermoformed dosage form comprising one or more active ingredients with abuse potential (A) optionally together with physiologically acceptable auxiliary substances (B), at least one synthetic or natural polymer (C) and optionally at least one wax (D), wherein component (C) exhibits a breaking strength of at least 500 N.
2. A dosage form according to claim 1, which is in the form of a tablet.
3. A dosage form according to claim 1, which is in multiparticulate form.
4. A dosage form according to claim 1, wherein the polymer (C) is at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of polyethylene oxide, polymethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyacrylate, copolymers and mixtures thereof.
5. A dosage form according to claim 1, wherein the polymer (C) has a molecular weight of at least 0.5 million according to rheological measurements.
6. A dosage form according to claim 5, wherein the molecular weight is 1-15 million.
7. A dosage form according to claim 1, which comprises the wax (D) and the wax (D) is at least one natural, semi-synthetic or synthetic wax with a softening point of at least 60° C.
8. A dosage form according to claim 7, wherein the wax (D) is carnauba wax or beeswax.
9. A dosage form according to claim 1, wherein the component(s) (C) is/are present in quantities such that the dosage form has a breaking strength of at least 500 N.
10. A dosage form according to claim 1, wherein the active ingredient (A) is at least one active ingredient selected from the group consisting of opiates, opioids, tranquillisers, stimulants, barbiturates and further narcotics.
11. A dosage form according to claim 1, which additionally comprises at least one of the following components a)-f):
(a) at least one substance which irritates the nasal passages and/or pharynx,
(b) at least one viscosity-increasing agent, which, with the assistance of a necessary minimum quantity of an aqueous liquid, forms a gel with the extract obtained from the dosage form, which gel optionally remains visually distinguishable when introduced into a further quantity of an aqueous liquid,
c) at least one antagonist for the active ingredient or active ingredients with abuse potential,
(d) at least one emetic,
(e) at least one dye as an aversive agent,
(f) at least one bitter substance.
12. A dosage form according to claim 11, wherein the component (a) irritant substance causes burning, itching, an urge to sneeze, increased formation of secretions or a combination of at least two of these stimuli.
13. A dosage form according to claim 12, wherein the component (a) irritant substance is based on one or more constituents of at least one hot substance drug.
14. A dosage form according to claim 13, wherein the hot substance drug is at least one drug selected from the group consisting of Allii sativi bulbus (garlic), Asari rhizoma cum herba (Asarum root and leaves), Calami rhizoma (calamus root), Capsici fructus (capsicum), Capsici fructus acer (cayenne pepper), Curcumae longae rhizoma (turmeric root), Curcumae xanthorrhizae rhizoma (Javanese turmeric root), Galangae rhizoma (galangal root), Myristicae semen (nutmeg), Piperis nigri fructus (pepper), Sinapis albae semen (erucae/white mustard seed), Sinapis nigri semen (black mustard seed), Zedoariae rhizoma (zedoary root) and Zingiberis rhizoma (ginger root).
15. A dosage form according to claim 13, wherein the constituent of the hot substance drug is an o-methoxy(methyl)phenol compound, an acid amide compound, a mustard oil or a sulfide compound or is derived from such a compound.
16. A dosage form according to claim 13, wherein the constituent of the hot substance drug is at least one constituent selected from the group consisting of myristicin, elemicin, isoeugenol, β-asarone, safrole, gingerols, xanthorrhizol, capsaicinoids, piperine, glucosinolates, and a compound derived from these constituents.
17. A dosage form according to claim 11, wherein component (b) is at least one viscosity-increasing agent selected from the group consisting of microcrystalline cellulose with 11 wt. % carboxymethylcellulose sodium (Avicel®RC 591), carboxymethylcellulose sodium (Blanose®, CMC-Na C300P®, Frimulsion BLC-5®, Tylose C300 P®), polyacrylic acid (Carbopol® 980 NF, Carbopol® 981), locust bean flour (Cesagum® LA-200, Cesagum® LID/150, Cesagum® LN-1), citrus pectin (Cesapectin® HM Medium Rapid Set), waxy maize starch (C*Gel 04201®), sodium alginate (Frimulsion ALG (E401)®), guar flour (Frimulsion BM®, Polygum 26/1-75®), iota carrageen (Frimulsion D021®), karaya gum, gellan gum (Kelcogel F®, Kelcogel LT100®), galactomannan (Meyprogat 150 ®), tara bean flour (Polygum 43/1®), propylene glycol alginate (Protanal-Ester SD-LBO), sodium hyaluronate, apple pectin, pectin from lemon peel, sodium hyaluronate, tragacanth, tara gum (Vidogum SP 200®), fermented polysaccharide welan gum (K1A96) and xanthan gum (Xantural 180®).
18. A dosage form according to claim 11, wherein component (c) is at least one opiate or opioid antagonist selected from the group consisting of naloxone, naltrexone, nalmefene, nalid, nalmexone, nalorphine, naluphine and a corresponding physiologically acceptable compound.
19. A dosage form according to claim 11, wherein the component (c) is at least one neuroleptic stimulant antagonist.
20. A dosage form according to claim 11, wherein the component (d) emetic is based on one or more constituents of radix ipecacuanha (ipecac root) and/or is apomorphine.
21. A dosage form according to claim 11, wherein component (e) is at least one physiologically acceptable dye.
22. A dosage form according to claim 11, wherein component (f) is at least one bitter substance selected from the group consisting of aromatic oils, fruit aroma substances, denatonium benzoate and mixtures thereof.
23. A dosage form according to claim 11, wherein the active ingredient or active ingredients (A) is/are spatially separated from component (c) and/or (d) and/or (f), wherein the active ingredient or active ingredients (A) is/are optionally present in at least one subunit (X) and components (c) and/or (d) and/or (f) is/are present in at least one subunit (Y), and, when the dosage form is correctly administered, components (c) and/or (d) and/or (f) from subunit (Y) do not exert their effect in the body and/or on taking.
24. A dosage form according to claim 1, which comprises at least one active ingredient at least partially in controlled release form.
25. A dosage form according to claim 24, wherein each of the active ingredients with abuse potential (A) is present in a controlled release matrix.
26. A dosage form according to claim 25, wherein component (C) and/or component (D) also serve as a controlled release matrix material.
27. A process for the production of a dosage form according to claim 1, comprising:
mixing components (A), (B), (C) and the optionally present component (D) and the optionally present components (a) to (f) to form a resultant mixture, and
press-forming the resultant mixture, optionally after granulation, to yield the dosage form with preceding, simultaneous, or subsequent exposure to heat.
28. A process according to claim 27, wherein granulation is performed by means of a melt process.
29. A process according to claim 27, which comprises press-forming the resultant mixture to yield a press-formed product, and exposing the press-formed product to heat to yield the dosage form.
30. A dosage form obtainable by a process according to claim 27.
31. A dosage form obtainable by a process according to claim 29.
32. An abuse-proofed, thermoformed dosage form in the form of a tablet obtained by a process comprising:
a) mixing:
i) an opioid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof;
ii) optionally physiologically acceptable substances (B);
iii) at least one polyalkylene oxide (C) having a molecular weight of 1-15 million according to rheological measurements; and
iv) optionally at least one wax (D);
to form a resultant mixture;
b) pressing forming the resultant mixture to form a press-formed product; and
c) exposing the press-formed product to heat to yield the dosage form.
33. A dosage form according to claim 32, wherein the opioid or physiologically acceptable salt thereof is oxycodone or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof.
34. A method of treating a therapeutic condition in a patient suffering therefrom, said method comprising administering to said patient a dosage form according to claim 1.
35. A method according to claim 34, wherein the therapeutic condition is pain.
36. A method of treating a therapeutic condition in a patient suffering therefrom, said method comprising administering to said patient a dosage form according to claim 32.
37. A method according to claim 36, wherein the therapeutic condition is pain.
38. The dosage form according to claim 1, wherein the content of component (C) is at least 60 wt. %, relative to the total weight of the dosage form.
39. The dosage form according to claim 5, wherein the content of component (C) is at least 60 wt. %, relative to the total weight of the dosage form.
40. The dosage form according to claim 10, which comprises an opioid, wherein the opioid is selected from the group consisting of hydromorphone, morphine, oxycodone, oxymorphone, tramadol, (1R*,2R*)-3-(3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl)-phenol, and the physiologically acceptable salts thereof.
41. The dosage form according to claim 1, wherein the one or more active ingredients with abuse potential (A) comprise oxycodone or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof; wherein the at least one synthetic or natural polymer (C) comprises a polyethylene oxide having a molecular weight of 1-15 million according to rheological measurements; and wherein the content of said polyethylene oxide is at least 60 wt. %, relative to the total weight of the dosage form.
42. The dosage form according to claim 1, which additionally comprises at least one physiologically acceptable auxiliary substance (B).
43. The dosage form according to claim 1, which additionally comprises at least one wax (D).
44. The dosage form according to claim 1, which additionally comprises at least one physiologically acceptable auxiliary substance (B) and at least one wax (D).
45. The dosage form according to claim 1, wherein the at least one synthetic or natural polymer (C) comprises a polyethylene oxide having a molecular weight of at least 0.5 million according to rheological measurements.
46. The dosage form according to claim 45, wherein the polyethylene oxide has a molecular weight of 0.5-15 million according to rheological measurements.
47. The dosage form according to claim 46, wherein the polyethylene oxide has a molecular weight of at least 600,000 according to rheological measurements.
48. The dosage form according to claim 47, wherein the polyethylene oxide has a viscosity at 25° C. measured on a 5 wt. % aqueous solution using a model RVF Brookfield viscosimeter (spindle no. 2/rotational speed 2 rpm) of 4500 to 17600 cP.
49. The dosage form according to claim 46, wherein the polyethylene oxide has a molecular weight of at least 1,000,000 according to rheological measurements.
50. The dosage form according to claim 49, wherein the polyethylene oxide has a viscosity at 25° C. measured on a 2 wt. % aqueous solution using a model RVF Brookfield viscosimeter (spindle no. 1 or 3/rotational speed 10 rpm) of 400 to 4000 cP.
51. The dosage form according to claim 46, wherein the polyethylene oxide has a molecular weight of at least 4,000,000 according to rheological measurements.
52. The dosage form according to claim 51, wherein the polyethylene oxide has a viscosity at 25° C. measured on a 1 wt. % aqueous solution using a model RVF Brookfield viscosimeter (spindle no. 2/rotational speed 2 rpm) of 1650 to 10000 cP.
53. A method of reducing the incidence of drug abuse of an active ingredient (A) with abuse potential, said method comprising providing said active ingredient (A) in the form of a dosage form according to claim 1.
US14/138,323 2003-08-06 2013-12-23 Abuse-proofed dosage form Abandoned US20140105830A1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/138,323 US20140105830A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2013-12-23 Abuse-proofed dosage form
US14/945,598 US20160074388A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2015-11-19 Abuse-proofed dosage form
US15/265,263 US10130591B2 (en) 2003-08-06 2016-09-14 Abuse-proofed dosage form
US16/145,936 US20190029976A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2018-09-28 Abuse-proofed dosage form
US16/797,016 US20200188333A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2020-02-21 Abuse-proofed dosage form

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10336400.5 2003-08-06
DE10336400A DE10336400A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2003-08-06 Anti-abuse dosage form
US10/718,112 US8114383B2 (en) 2003-08-06 2003-11-20 Abuse-proofed dosage form
US13/346,257 US8309060B2 (en) 2003-08-06 2012-01-09 Abuse-proofed dosage form
US13/517,891 US20120251637A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2012-06-14 Abuse-proofed dosage form
US14/138,323 US20140105830A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2013-12-23 Abuse-proofed dosage form

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/517,891 Continuation US20120251637A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2012-06-14 Abuse-proofed dosage form

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US14/945,598 Continuation US20160074388A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2015-11-19 Abuse-proofed dosage form

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20140105830A1 true US20140105830A1 (en) 2014-04-17

Family

ID=34112032

Family Applications (14)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/718,112 Expired - Lifetime US8114383B2 (en) 2003-08-06 2003-11-20 Abuse-proofed dosage form
US11/349,537 Abandoned US20060193782A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2006-02-06 Abuse-proofed dosage form
US12/140,444 Abandoned US20080247959A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2008-06-17 Form of administration secured against misuse
US13/346,257 Expired - Lifetime US8309060B2 (en) 2003-08-06 2012-01-09 Abuse-proofed dosage form
US13/517,891 Abandoned US20120251637A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2012-06-14 Abuse-proofed dosage form
US14/085,085 Abandoned US20140080858A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2013-11-20 Abuse-proofed dosage forms
US14/087,017 Abandoned US20140080915A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2013-11-22 Abuse-proofed dosage forms
US14/138,323 Abandoned US20140105830A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2013-12-23 Abuse-proofed dosage form
US14/945,598 Abandoned US20160074388A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2015-11-19 Abuse-proofed dosage form
US15/248,188 Abandoned US20160361308A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2016-08-26 Abuse-proofed dosage form
US15/265,263 Expired - Lifetime US10130591B2 (en) 2003-08-06 2016-09-14 Abuse-proofed dosage form
US15/292,366 Abandoned US20170027886A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2016-10-13 Abuse-proofed dosage forms
US16/145,936 Abandoned US20190029976A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2018-09-28 Abuse-proofed dosage form
US16/797,016 Abandoned US20200188333A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2020-02-21 Abuse-proofed dosage form

Family Applications Before (7)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/718,112 Expired - Lifetime US8114383B2 (en) 2003-08-06 2003-11-20 Abuse-proofed dosage form
US11/349,537 Abandoned US20060193782A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2006-02-06 Abuse-proofed dosage form
US12/140,444 Abandoned US20080247959A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2008-06-17 Form of administration secured against misuse
US13/346,257 Expired - Lifetime US8309060B2 (en) 2003-08-06 2012-01-09 Abuse-proofed dosage form
US13/517,891 Abandoned US20120251637A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2012-06-14 Abuse-proofed dosage form
US14/085,085 Abandoned US20140080858A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2013-11-20 Abuse-proofed dosage forms
US14/087,017 Abandoned US20140080915A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2013-11-22 Abuse-proofed dosage forms

Family Applications After (6)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US14/945,598 Abandoned US20160074388A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2015-11-19 Abuse-proofed dosage form
US15/248,188 Abandoned US20160361308A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2016-08-26 Abuse-proofed dosage form
US15/265,263 Expired - Lifetime US10130591B2 (en) 2003-08-06 2016-09-14 Abuse-proofed dosage form
US15/292,366 Abandoned US20170027886A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2016-10-13 Abuse-proofed dosage forms
US16/145,936 Abandoned US20190029976A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2018-09-28 Abuse-proofed dosage form
US16/797,016 Abandoned US20200188333A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2020-02-21 Abuse-proofed dosage form

Country Status (29)

Country Link
US (14) US8114383B2 (en)
EP (2) EP1859789B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4939218B2 (en)
KR (1) KR101266925B1 (en)
CN (2) CN1863513B (en)
AR (1) AR045352A1 (en)
AT (1) ATE356618T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2004264667B2 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0413318B8 (en)
CA (1) CA2534932A1 (en)
CL (1) CL2004002017A1 (en)
CY (2) CY1107644T1 (en)
DE (2) DE10336400A1 (en)
DK (2) DK1658055T3 (en)
EC (1) ECSP066346A (en)
ES (2) ES2572166T3 (en)
HK (3) HK1095082A1 (en)
HR (1) HRP20070272T3 (en)
HU (1) HUE027301T2 (en)
IL (1) IL173478A (en)
NO (1) NO338235B1 (en)
NZ (1) NZ545200A (en)
PE (1) PE20050353A1 (en)
PL (2) PL1658055T3 (en)
PT (1) PT1658055E (en)
RU (1) RU2354357C2 (en)
SI (1) SI1658055T1 (en)
WO (1) WO2005016314A1 (en)
ZA (2) ZA200601087B (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9216176B2 (en) 2006-09-15 2015-12-22 Cima Labs Inc. Abuse resistant drug formulation
US9861629B1 (en) 2015-10-07 2018-01-09 Banner Life Sciences Llc Opioid abuse deterrent dosage forms
US10335375B2 (en) 2017-05-30 2019-07-02 Patheon Softgels, Inc. Anti-overingestion abuse deterrent compositions
US10335405B1 (en) 2016-05-04 2019-07-02 Patheon Softgels, Inc. Non-burst releasing pharmaceutical composition

Families Citing this family (172)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030068375A1 (en) 2001-08-06 2003-04-10 Curtis Wright Pharmaceutical formulation containing gelling agent
EP1429739A1 (en) 2001-09-21 2004-06-23 Egalet A/S Polymer release system
US20040253310A1 (en) 2001-09-21 2004-12-16 Gina Fischer Morphine polymer release system
US8101209B2 (en) * 2001-10-09 2012-01-24 Flamel Technologies Microparticulate oral galenical form for the delayed and controlled release of pharmaceutical active principles
CA2480826C (en) 2002-04-09 2012-02-07 Flamel Technologies Oral pharmaceutical formulation in the form of microcapsule aqueous suspension allowing modified release of active ingredient(s)
US7776314B2 (en) 2002-06-17 2010-08-17 Grunenthal Gmbh Abuse-proofed dosage system
EP1610767B1 (en) 2003-03-26 2011-01-19 Egalet A/S Morphine controlled release system
US20040202717A1 (en) * 2003-04-08 2004-10-14 Mehta Atul M. Abuse-resistant oral dosage forms and method of use thereof
DE10361596A1 (en) * 2003-12-24 2005-09-29 Grünenthal GmbH Process for producing an anti-abuse dosage form
US20070048228A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2007-03-01 Elisabeth Arkenau-Maric Abuse-proofed dosage form
DE102004020220A1 (en) * 2004-04-22 2005-11-10 Grünenthal GmbH Process for the preparation of a secured against misuse, solid dosage form
PL1842533T3 (en) * 2003-08-06 2013-08-30 Gruenenthal Gmbh Dosage form that is secured against misuse
DE102005005446A1 (en) * 2005-02-04 2006-08-10 Grünenthal GmbH Break-resistant dosage forms with sustained release
DE102004032051A1 (en) 2004-07-01 2006-01-19 Grünenthal GmbH Process for the preparation of a secured against misuse, solid dosage form
US8075872B2 (en) 2003-08-06 2011-12-13 Gruenenthal Gmbh Abuse-proofed dosage form
DE10336400A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2005-03-24 Grünenthal GmbH Anti-abuse dosage form
US7201920B2 (en) 2003-11-26 2007-04-10 Acura Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Methods and compositions for deterring abuse of opioid containing dosage forms
TWI483944B (en) 2004-03-30 2015-05-11 Euro Celtique Sa Oxycodone hydrochloride composition,pharmaceutical dosage form,sustained release oral dosage form,and pharmaceutically acceptable package having less than 25 ppm 14-hydroxycodeinone
SI1765292T1 (en) 2004-06-12 2018-04-30 Collegium Pharmaceutical, Inc. Abuse-deterrent drug formulations
DE102004032049A1 (en) 2004-07-01 2006-01-19 Grünenthal GmbH Anti-abuse, oral dosage form
DE102004032103A1 (en) * 2004-07-01 2006-01-19 Grünenthal GmbH Anti-abuse, oral dosage form
PL1765303T5 (en) * 2004-07-01 2023-05-22 Grünenthal GmbH Oral dosage form safeguarded against abuse
FR2878161B1 (en) * 2004-11-23 2008-10-31 Flamel Technologies Sa ORAL MEDICINE FORM, SOLID AND DESIGNED TO AVOID MEASUREMENT
US20080152595A1 (en) * 2004-11-24 2008-06-26 Acura Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Methods and compositions for deterring abuse of orally administered pharmaceutical products
FR2878158B1 (en) * 2004-11-24 2009-01-16 Flamel Technologies Sa ORAL PHARMACEUTICAL FORM, SOLID MICROPARTICULAR DESIGNED TO PREVENT MEASUREMENT
DE102005005449A1 (en) * 2005-02-04 2006-08-10 Grünenthal GmbH Process for producing an anti-abuse dosage form
FR2889810A1 (en) * 2005-05-24 2007-02-23 Flamel Technologies Sa ORAL MEDICINAL FORM, MICROPARTICULAR, ANTI-MEASUREMENT
US20120301405A1 (en) * 2005-05-02 2012-11-29 Kulli John C Simple Mechanical Procedure and Product for Deterring Substance Abuse.
US20080292665A1 (en) * 2007-05-25 2008-11-27 Kulli John C Simple mechanical procedure and product for deterring substance abuse
WO2006133733A1 (en) * 2005-06-13 2006-12-21 Flamel Technologies Oral dosage form comprising an antimisuse system
AU2006290352B2 (en) * 2005-08-30 2012-06-07 Abbott Healthcare Private Limited Extended release pharmaceutical composition of metformin and a process for producing it
US8852638B2 (en) 2005-09-30 2014-10-07 Durect Corporation Sustained release small molecule drug formulation
WO2007087452A2 (en) * 2006-01-27 2007-08-02 Theraquest Biosciences, Llc Abuse resistant and extended release formulations and method of use thereof
US9125833B2 (en) * 2005-11-02 2015-09-08 Relmada Therapeutics, Inc. Multimodal abuse resistant and extended release opioid formulations
WO2007056142A2 (en) * 2005-11-02 2007-05-18 Theraquest Biosciences, Llc Methods of preventing the serotonin syndrome and compositions for use therefor
US8329744B2 (en) * 2005-11-02 2012-12-11 Relmada Therapeutics, Inc. Methods of preventing the serotonin syndrome and compositions for use thereof
US8652529B2 (en) 2005-11-10 2014-02-18 Flamel Technologies Anti-misuse microparticulate oral pharmaceutical form
US20090022798A1 (en) * 2007-07-20 2009-01-22 Abbott Gmbh & Co. Kg Formulations of nonopioid and confined opioid analgesics
US20100172989A1 (en) * 2006-01-21 2010-07-08 Abbott Laboratories Abuse resistant melt extruded formulation having reduced alcohol interaction
US20090317355A1 (en) * 2006-01-21 2009-12-24 Abbott Gmbh & Co. Kg, Abuse resistant melt extruded formulation having reduced alcohol interaction
ZA200807571B (en) * 2006-03-01 2009-08-26 Ethypharm Sa Crush-resistant tablets intended to prevent accidental misuse and unlawful diversion
AU2012202717B2 (en) * 2006-03-01 2014-06-26 Ethypharm Crush-resistant tablets intended to prevent accidental misuse and unlawful diversion
FR2901478B1 (en) * 2006-05-24 2015-06-05 Flamel Tech Sa MULTIMICROPARTICULATED ORAL PHARMACEUTICAL FORM WITH PROLONGED RELEASE
US20080069891A1 (en) 2006-09-15 2008-03-20 Cima Labs, Inc. Abuse resistant drug formulation
CA2671200A1 (en) * 2006-07-21 2008-01-24 Lab International Srl Hydrophilic abuse deterrent delivery system
AU2011213804B2 (en) * 2006-08-25 2012-10-18 Purdue Pharma Lp Tamper resistant oral pharmaceutical dosage forms comprising an opioid analgesic
AU2013201015C1 (en) * 2006-08-25 2015-11-26 Purdue Pharma Lp Tamper resistant oral pharmaceutical dosage forms comprising an opioid analgesic
SA07280459B1 (en) 2006-08-25 2011-07-20 بيورديو فارما إل. بي. Tamper Resistant Oral Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms Comprising an Opioid Analgesic
DE102007011485A1 (en) 2007-03-07 2008-09-11 Grünenthal GmbH Dosage form with more difficult abuse
BRPI0811319A2 (en) 2007-05-25 2015-02-10 Tolmar Therapeutics Inc FLUID COMPOSITION, METHOD FOR FORMATION OF A FLUID COMPOSITION, BIODEGRADABLE IMPLANT FORMED IN SITU, METHOD FOR FORMATION OF A BIODEGRADABLE IMPLANT, KIT, IMPLANT AND TREATMENT METHOD
DE102007025858A1 (en) 2007-06-01 2008-12-04 Grünenthal GmbH Process for the preparation of a medicament dosage form
US8821928B2 (en) 2007-06-04 2014-09-02 Egalet Ltd. Controlled release pharmaceutical compositions for prolonged effect
US20090108587A1 (en) * 2007-07-10 2009-04-30 Jason Matthew Mitmesser Hybrid vertical axis wind turbine
BRPI0815387B8 (en) * 2007-08-13 2021-05-25 Abuse Deterrent Pharmaceutical Llc pharmaceutical composition, method for making a pharmaceutical composition and use of the pharmaceutical composition
DE102007039043A1 (en) 2007-08-17 2009-02-19 Grünenthal GmbH star Hub
HUE032012T2 (en) * 2007-09-13 2017-08-28 Cima Labs Inc Abuse resistant drug formulation
EP2219612A4 (en) 2007-12-17 2013-10-30 Paladin Labs Inc Misuse preventative, controlled release formulation
BRPI0906467C1 (en) * 2008-01-25 2021-05-25 Gruenenthal Gmbh pharmaceutical dosage form with modified tear-resistant outer shape and controlled release
US9226907B2 (en) 2008-02-01 2016-01-05 Abbvie Inc. Extended release hydrocodone acetaminophen and related methods and uses thereof
US8372432B2 (en) * 2008-03-11 2013-02-12 Depomed, Inc. Gastric retentive extended-release dosage forms comprising combinations of a non-opioid analgesic and an opioid analgesic
EP2262484B1 (en) * 2008-03-11 2013-01-23 Depomed, Inc. Gastric retentive extended-release dosage forms comprising combinations of a non-opioid analgesic and an opioid analgesic
KR101690094B1 (en) 2008-05-09 2016-12-27 그뤼넨탈 게엠베하 Process for the preparation of an intermediate powder formulation and a final solid dosage form under usage of a spray congealing step
WO2010027716A1 (en) * 2008-08-25 2010-03-11 Seeo, Inc Polymer electrolyte materials based on block copolymers
PL2379111T3 (en) * 2008-12-12 2013-08-30 Paladin Labs Inc Narcotic drug formulations with decreased abuse potential
EP2367541B1 (en) 2008-12-16 2014-07-16 Paladin Labs Inc. Misuse preventative, controlled release formulation
WO2010081920A1 (en) * 2009-01-15 2010-07-22 Raquel Miriam Rodriguez Valle Incorporation of an emetic in drugs as a safety system in respect of possible overdoses, particularly in drugs acting on the central nervous system such as benzodiazepine and derivatives, barbiturates... and drugs for paediatric use
WO2010089132A1 (en) 2009-02-06 2010-08-12 Egalet A/S Immediate release composition resistant to abuse by intake of alcohol
GB0909680D0 (en) * 2009-06-05 2009-07-22 Euro Celtique Sa Dosage form
EP2445487A2 (en) 2009-06-24 2012-05-02 Egalet Ltd. Controlled release formulations
PE20121067A1 (en) 2009-07-22 2012-09-05 Gruenenthal Chemie CONTROLLED RELEASE DOSAGE FORM EXTRUDED BY HOT MELTING
WO2011009604A1 (en) * 2009-07-22 2011-01-27 Grünenthal GmbH Oxidation-stabilized tamper-resistant dosage form
US20110052685A1 (en) * 2009-08-31 2011-03-03 Depomed, Inc. Gastric retentive pharmaceutical compositions for immediate and extended release of acetaminophen
AU2010300641B2 (en) 2009-09-30 2016-03-17 Acura Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Methods and compositions for deterring abuse
US10668060B2 (en) 2009-12-10 2020-06-02 Collegium Pharmaceutical, Inc. Tamper-resistant pharmaceutical compositions of opioids and other drugs
US9198861B2 (en) 2009-12-22 2015-12-01 Mallinckrodt Llc Methods of producing stabilized solid dosage pharmaceutical compositions containing morphinans
US8597681B2 (en) 2009-12-22 2013-12-03 Mallinckrodt Llc Methods of producing stabilized solid dosage pharmaceutical compositions containing morphinans
ES2606227T3 (en) * 2010-02-03 2017-03-23 Grünenthal GmbH Preparation of a pharmaceutical powder composition by an extruder
EP2366378A1 (en) 2010-03-01 2011-09-21 Dexcel Pharma Technologies Ltd. Sustained-release donepezil formulations
KR20130030261A (en) 2010-05-10 2013-03-26 유로-셀티큐 에스.에이. Manufacturing of active-free granules and tablets comprising the same
GB2513060B (en) 2010-06-08 2015-01-07 Rb Pharmaceuticals Ltd Microparticle buprenorphine suspension
US9272044B2 (en) 2010-06-08 2016-03-01 Indivior Uk Limited Injectable flowable composition buprenorphine
FR2962331B1 (en) * 2010-07-06 2020-04-24 Ethypharm PHARMACEUTICAL FORM FOR COMBATING CHEMICAL SUBMISSION, METHOD USING THE SAME
WO2012028319A1 (en) 2010-09-02 2012-03-08 Grünenthal GmbH Tamper resistant dosage form comprising inorganic salt
CN103179956A (en) * 2010-09-02 2013-06-26 格吕伦塔尔有限公司 Tamper resistant dosage form comprising an anionic polymer
CA2808541C (en) 2010-09-02 2019-01-08 Gruenenthal Gmbh Tamper resistant dosage form comprising an anionic polymer
RU2015140628A (en) 2010-11-04 2018-12-26 Эббви Инк. METHOD FOR PRODUCING MONOLITHIC TABLETS
EP2635258A1 (en) * 2010-11-04 2013-09-11 AbbVie Inc. Drug formulations
SG191288A1 (en) 2010-12-22 2013-07-31 Purdue Pharma Lp Encased tamper resistant controlled release dosage forms
JP5638151B2 (en) 2010-12-23 2014-12-10 パーデュー、ファーマ、リミテッド、パートナーシップ Tamper resistant solid oral dosage form
CN102150684A (en) * 2011-02-23 2011-08-17 广西田园生化股份有限公司 Ultralow-volume liquid containing ethofenprox
US8658631B1 (en) 2011-05-17 2014-02-25 Mallinckrodt Llc Combination composition comprising oxycodone and acetaminophen for rapid onset and extended duration of analgesia
US8858963B1 (en) 2011-05-17 2014-10-14 Mallinckrodt Llc Tamper resistant composition comprising hydrocodone and acetaminophen for rapid onset and extended duration of analgesia
US8741885B1 (en) 2011-05-17 2014-06-03 Mallinckrodt Llc Gastric retentive extended release pharmaceutical compositions
AR087360A1 (en) 2011-07-29 2014-03-19 Gruenenthal Gmbh PROOF OF HANDLING TABLET PROVIDING IMMEDIATE RELEASE OF PHARMACY
KR20140053158A (en) 2011-07-29 2014-05-07 그뤼넨탈 게엠베하 Tamper-resistant tablet providing immediate drug release
EP2750665A1 (en) 2011-09-02 2014-07-09 Novozymes Biopharma DK A/S Oral formulations containing hyaluronic acid for sustained drug release
MX355478B (en) * 2011-09-16 2018-04-19 Purdue Pharma Lp Tamper resistant pharmaceutical formulations.
CN103998025A (en) 2011-10-06 2014-08-20 格吕伦塔尔有限公司 Tamper-resistant oral pharmaceutical dosage form comprising opioid agonist and opioid antagonist
US20130129826A1 (en) 2011-11-17 2013-05-23 Gruenenthal Gmbh Tamper-resistant oral pharmaceutical dosage form comprising opioid antagonist and/or aversive agent, polyalkylene oxide and anionic polymer
FR2983409B1 (en) * 2011-12-06 2013-12-27 Ethypharm Sa COMPRESSOR CAPABLE OF COMBATTING INJECTION MISTAKE
CA2864949A1 (en) 2012-02-28 2013-09-06 Grunenthal Gmbh Tamper-resistant dosage form comprising pharmacologically active compound and anionic polymer
US20130225625A1 (en) 2012-02-28 2013-08-29 Grunenthal Gmbh Tamper-resistant pharmaceutical dosage form comprising nonionic surfactant
JP6282261B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2018-02-21 グリュネンタール・ゲゼルシャフト・ミト・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツング Unauthorized use and overdose prevention pharmaceutical dosage forms
JP6067100B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2017-01-25 マリンクロッド エルエルシー Immediate release abuse deterrent pharmaceutical composition
US10064945B2 (en) * 2012-05-11 2018-09-04 Gruenenthal Gmbh Thermoformed, tamper-resistant pharmaceutical dosage form containing zinc
MX357783B (en) 2012-05-11 2018-07-25 Gruenenthal Gmbh Thermoformed, tamper-resistant pharmaceutical dosage form containing zinc.
JP2015521988A (en) 2012-07-06 2015-08-03 イガレット・リミテッド Abuse-preventing pharmaceutical composition for controlled release
MX362838B (en) 2012-07-12 2019-02-19 SpecGx LLC Extended release, abuse deterrent pharmaceutical compositions.
JP5922851B2 (en) 2012-11-30 2016-05-24 アキュラ・ファーマシューティカルズ・インコーポレーテッド Self-controlled release of active pharmaceutical ingredients
US9149533B2 (en) 2013-02-05 2015-10-06 Purdue Pharma L.P. Tamper resistant pharmaceutical formulations
US10751287B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2020-08-25 Purdue Pharma L.P. Tamper resistant pharmaceutical formulations
CA2901802C (en) 2013-03-15 2021-03-02 Mallinckrodt Llc Abuse deterrent solid dosage form for immediate release with functional score
EP3003279A1 (en) 2013-05-29 2016-04-13 Grünenthal GmbH Tamper-resistant dosage form containing one or more particles
CA2913209A1 (en) 2013-05-29 2014-12-04 Grunenthal Gmbh Tamper resistant dosage form with bimodal release profile
AU2014289187B2 (en) 2013-07-12 2019-07-11 Grunenthal Gmbh Tamper-resistant dosage form containing ethylene-vinyl acetate polymer
US10195153B2 (en) 2013-08-12 2019-02-05 Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Research Services, Inc. Extruded immediate release abuse deterrent pill
WO2015051259A1 (en) * 2013-10-04 2015-04-09 Impax Laboratories, Inc. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use
US20150118300A1 (en) 2013-10-31 2015-04-30 Cima Labs Inc. Immediate Release Abuse-Deterrent Granulated Dosage Forms
EA030310B1 (en) 2013-11-13 2018-07-31 Эро-Селтик С.А. Hydromorphone and naloxone for treatment of pain and opioid bowel dysfunction syndrome
MX371372B (en) 2013-11-26 2020-01-28 Gruenenthal Gmbh Preparation of a powdery pharmaceutical composition by means of cryo-milling.
WO2015087241A1 (en) 2013-12-11 2015-06-18 Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited Crush-resistant solid oral dosage form
WO2015091352A1 (en) 2013-12-16 2015-06-25 Grünenthal GmbH Tamper resistant dosage form with bimodal release profile manufactured by co-extrusion
US9492444B2 (en) 2013-12-17 2016-11-15 Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Research Services, Inc. Extruded extended release abuse deterrent pill
US10172797B2 (en) 2013-12-17 2019-01-08 Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Research Services, Inc. Extruded extended release abuse deterrent pill
WO2015120201A1 (en) 2014-02-05 2015-08-13 Kashiv Pharma, Llc Abuse-resistant drug formulations with built-in overdose protection
GB201404139D0 (en) 2014-03-10 2014-04-23 Rb Pharmaceuticals Ltd Sustained release buprenorphine solution formulations
US9062063B1 (en) 2014-03-21 2015-06-23 Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company Forms of oxymorphone hydrochloride
US9616029B2 (en) 2014-03-26 2017-04-11 Sun Pharma Advanced Research Company Ltd. Abuse deterrent immediate release coated reservoir solid dosage form
CA2947786A1 (en) 2014-05-12 2015-11-19 Grunenthal Gmbh Tamper resistant immediate release capsule formulation comprising tapentadol
WO2015181059A1 (en) 2014-05-26 2015-12-03 Grünenthal GmbH Multiparticles safeguarded against ethanolic dose-dumping
MX2017000041A (en) 2014-07-03 2017-05-01 Mallinckrodt Llc Abuse deterrent immediate release formulations comprising non-cellulose polysaccharides.
CA2910865C (en) 2014-07-15 2016-11-29 Isa Odidi Compositions and methods for reducing overdose
JP6371463B2 (en) 2014-07-17 2018-08-08 ファーマシューティカル マニュファクチュアリング リサーチ サービシズ，インコーポレーテッド Immediate release abuse deterrent liquid filler form
US20160022570A1 (en) 2014-07-25 2016-01-28 Robert W. Adams Medical implant
US9132096B1 (en) 2014-09-12 2015-09-15 Alkermes Pharma Ireland Limited Abuse resistant pharmaceutical compositions
EP3209282A4 (en) 2014-10-20 2018-05-23 Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Research Services, Inc. Extended release abuse deterrent liquid fill dosage form
US9918979B2 (en) 2015-01-29 2018-03-20 Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company Process of preparing low ABUK oxymorphone hydrochloride
JP2018503693A (en) 2015-02-03 2018-02-08 グリュネンタール・ゲゼルシャフト・ミト・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツング Anti-modified dosage form containing polyethylene glycol graft copolymer
KR20200045010A (en) 2015-03-10 2020-04-29 로드스 테크놀로지즈 Acetate salt of buprenorphine and methods for preparing buprenorphine
CA2983634A1 (en) 2015-04-24 2016-10-27 Grunenthal Gmbh Tamper-resistant fixed dose combination providing fast release of two drugs from particles
JP2018513872A (en) 2015-04-24 2018-05-31 グリュネンタール・ゲゼルシャフト・ミト・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツング Tamper resistant fixed dose combination resulting in rapid release of two drugs from different particles
WO2016170093A1 (en) 2015-04-24 2016-10-27 Grünenthal GmbH Tamper-resistant fixed dose combination providing fast release of two drugs from particles and a matrix
JP2018517676A (en) 2015-04-24 2018-07-05 グリュネンタール・ゲゼルシャフト・ミト・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツング Anti-modification formulation with immediate release and resistance to solvent extraction
WO2017040607A1 (en) 2015-08-31 2017-03-09 Acura Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Methods and compositions for self-regulated release of active pharmaceutical ingredient
WO2017042325A1 (en) 2015-09-10 2017-03-16 Grünenthal GmbH Protecting oral overdose with abuse deterrent immediate release formulations
US20180303757A1 (en) 2015-10-23 2018-10-25 Kashiv Pharma Llc Enhanced abuse-deterrent formulations of oxycodone
EP3181124A1 (en) 2015-12-16 2017-06-21 Universität Basel Abuse deterrent pharmaceutical dosage forms
CA3013321A1 (en) 2016-02-08 2017-08-17 SpecGx LLC Glucomannan containing pharmaceutical compositions with extended release and abuse deterrent properties
EP3435984A4 (en) 2016-03-31 2019-11-06 SpecGx LLC Extended release, abuse deterrent dosage forms
US20170296476A1 (en) * 2016-04-15 2017-10-19 Grünenthal GmbH Modified release abuse deterrent dosage forms
US20180064817A1 (en) * 2016-04-23 2018-03-08 Jayendrakumar Dasharathlal Patel Tamper Resistant Pharmaceutical Composition
US9737530B1 (en) 2016-06-23 2017-08-22 Collegium Pharmaceutical, Inc. Process of making stable abuse-deterrent oral formulations
CA3029869A1 (en) 2016-07-06 2018-01-11 Grunenthal Gmbh Reinforced pharmaceutical dosage form
WO2018024709A1 (en) 2016-08-01 2018-02-08 Grünenthal GmbH Tamper resistant dosage form comprising an anionic polysaccharide
US20180042868A1 (en) 2016-08-12 2018-02-15 Grünenthal GmbH Tamper resistant formulation of ephedrine and its derivatives
US11471415B2 (en) 2017-10-10 2022-10-18 Douglas Pharmaceuticals, Ltd. Extended release pharmaceutical formulation and methods of treatment
US10869838B2 (en) 2017-10-10 2020-12-22 Douglas Pharmaceuticals, Ltd. Extended release pharmaceutical formulation
US12090123B2 (en) 2017-10-10 2024-09-17 Douglas Pharmaceuticals Ltd. Extended release pharmaceutical formulation
US10441544B2 (en) 2017-10-10 2019-10-15 Douglas Pharmaceuticals, Ltd. Extended release pharmaceutical formulation
EP3694494A1 (en) 2017-10-13 2020-08-19 Grünenthal GmbH Modified release abuse deterrent dosage forms
EP3473246A1 (en) 2017-10-19 2019-04-24 Capsugel Belgium NV Immediate release abuse deterrent formulations
TW202002957A (en) 2018-02-09 2020-01-16 德商歌林達有限公司 Tamper resistant formulation of ephedrine and its derivatives comprising a conversion inhibitor
US11478426B2 (en) 2018-09-25 2022-10-25 SpecGx LLC Abuse deterrent immediate release capsule dosage forms
EP3698776A1 (en) 2019-02-19 2020-08-26 Grünenthal GmbH Tamper-resistant dosage form with immediate release and resistance against solvent extraction
GR1009751B (en) * 2019-03-22 2020-05-29 "Φαρματεν Α.Β.Ε.Ε." Prolonged-release oxalic tapentadol -containing formula and preparation method thereof
US11000488B2 (en) 2019-03-22 2021-05-11 Syntrix Biosystems Inc. Treating pain using desmetramadol
GR1009791B (en) * 2019-03-26 2020-08-03 Φαρματεν Α.Β.Ε.Ε. Prolonged release tapentadol-containing formula - preparation method thereof
EP3965733A4 (en) 2019-05-07 2023-01-11 Clexio Biosciences Ltd. Abuse-deterrent dosage forms containing esketamine
US20220062200A1 (en) 2019-05-07 2022-03-03 Clexio Biosciences Ltd. Abuse-deterrent dosage forms containing esketamine
WO2021219577A1 (en) 2020-04-27 2021-11-04 Grünenthal GmbH Dosage form comprising hot-melt extruded pellets containing eva copolymer and gliding agent
WO2021219576A1 (en) 2020-04-27 2021-11-04 Grünenthal GmbH Multiparticulate dosage form containing eva copolymer and additional excipient
CN112402386B (en) * 2020-12-04 2022-06-28 江苏恩华药业股份有限公司 Abuse-preventing opioid oral sustained-release tablet and preparation method thereof

Family Cites Families (537)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2524855A (en) 1950-10-10 Process for the manufacture of
CA722109A (en) 1965-11-23 W. Mock Henry Extrusion of ethylene oxide polymers
GB156727A (en) 1919-08-02 1921-12-22 Lewin David Perry Improvements in steam boilers
US3035053A (en) * 1955-07-19 1962-05-15 Albright & Wilson Mfg Ltd Tris-aminomethylphosphines
US2806033A (en) 1955-08-03 1957-09-10 Lewenstein Morphine derivative
US2987445A (en) 1958-10-10 1961-06-06 Rohm & Haas Drug composition
US3094812A (en) * 1959-06-22 1963-06-25 Lawrence F Peeler Precast unit for forming a hyperbolic paraboloidal roof structure
US3035029A (en) * 1959-09-21 1962-05-15 Exxon Research Engineering Co Thioamide cure of halogenated copolymers
US3053417A (en) * 1960-03-21 1962-09-11 Dudley T Box Accessories for automatic washing machines
US3370035A (en) 1961-06-23 1968-02-20 Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd Stabilization of polyalkylene oxide
US3332950A (en) 1963-03-23 1967-07-25 Endo Lab 14-hydroxydihydronormorphinone derivatives
GB1147210A (en) 1965-06-30 1969-04-02 Eastman Kodak Co Improvements in or relating to vitamins
US3652589A (en) * 1967-07-27 1972-03-28 Gruenenthal Chemie 1-(m-substituted phenyl)-2-aminomethyl cyclohexanols
US3806603A (en) 1969-10-13 1974-04-23 W Gaunt Pharmaceutical carriers of plasticized dried milled particles of hydrated cooked rice endosperm
DE2210071A1 (en) 1971-03-09 1972-09-14 PPG Industries Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa. (V.StA.) Process for applying and curing a wide variety of coatings
US3865108A (en) 1971-05-17 1975-02-11 Ortho Pharma Corp Expandable drug delivery device
US3966747A (en) 1972-10-26 1976-06-29 Bristol-Myers Company 9-Hydroxy-6,7-benzomorphans
US4014965A (en) 1972-11-24 1977-03-29 The Dow Chemical Company Process for scrapless forming of plastic articles
US3980766A (en) 1973-08-13 1976-09-14 West Laboratories, Inc. Orally administered drug composition for therapy in the treatment of narcotic drug addiction
US3941865A (en) 1973-12-10 1976-03-02 Union Carbide Corporation Extrusion of ethylene oxide resins
US4002173A (en) 1974-07-23 1977-01-11 International Paper Company Diester crosslinked polyglucan hydrogels and reticulated sponges thereof
DE2530563C2 (en) 1975-07-09 1986-07-24 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Analgesic drugs with reduced potential for abuse
JPS603286B2 (en) 1977-03-03 1985-01-26 日本化薬株式会社 Constant-dissolution formulation
US4207893A (en) 1977-08-29 1980-06-17 Alza Corporation Device using hydrophilic polymer for delivering drug to biological environment
US4175119A (en) * 1978-01-11 1979-11-20 Porter Garry L Composition and method to prevent accidental and intentional overdosage with psychoactive drugs
DE2822324C3 (en) 1978-05-22 1981-02-26 Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen Manufacture of vitamin E dry powder
US4211681A (en) 1978-08-16 1980-07-08 Union Carbide Corporation Poly(ethylene oxide) compositions
US4200704A (en) * 1978-09-28 1980-04-29 Union Carbide Corporation Controlled degradation of poly(ethylene oxide)
NO793297L (en) 1978-10-19 1980-04-22 Mallinckrodt Inc PROCEDURE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF OXYMORPHONE
US4258027A (en) 1979-03-26 1981-03-24 Mead Johnson & Company Multi-fractionable tablet structure
US4215104A (en) 1979-03-26 1980-07-29 Mead Johnson & Company Multi-fractionable tablet structure
CA1146866A (en) 1979-07-05 1983-05-24 Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Process for the production of sustained release pharmaceutical composition of solid medical material
US4353887A (en) 1979-08-16 1982-10-12 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Divisible tablet having controlled and delayed release of the active substance
CH648754A5 (en) 1979-08-16 1985-04-15 Ciba Geigy Ag Pharmaceutical slow release tablet
US4457933A (en) 1980-01-24 1984-07-03 Bristol-Myers Company Prevention of analgesic abuse
JPS56169622A (en) 1980-06-03 1981-12-26 Kissei Pharmaceut Co Ltd Method of making solid preparation from oily substance
DE3024416C2 (en) 1980-06-28 1982-04-15 Gödecke AG, 1000 Berlin Process for the production of medicaments with sustained release of active substances
US4473640A (en) 1982-06-03 1984-09-25 Combie Joan D Detection of morphine and its analogues using enzymatic hydrolysis
US4462941A (en) 1982-06-10 1984-07-31 The Regents Of The University Of California Dynorphin amide analogs
US4427778A (en) * 1982-06-29 1984-01-24 Biochem Technology, Inc. Enzymatic preparation of particulate cellulose for tablet making
US4485211A (en) 1982-09-15 1984-11-27 The B. F. Goodrich Company Poly(glycidyl ether)block copolymers and process for their preparation
US4427681A (en) 1982-09-16 1984-01-24 Richardson-Vicks, Inc. Thixotropic compositions easily convertible to pourable liquids
US4529583A (en) 1983-03-07 1985-07-16 Clear Lake Development Group Composition and method of immobilizing emetics and method of treating human beings with emetics
US4603143A (en) 1983-05-02 1986-07-29 Basf Corporation Free-flowing, high density, fat soluble vitamin powders with improved stability
US4765989A (en) 1983-05-11 1988-08-23 Alza Corporation Osmotic device for administering certain drugs
US5082668A (en) * 1983-05-11 1992-01-21 Alza Corporation Controlled-release system with constant pushing source
US4612008A (en) 1983-05-11 1986-09-16 Alza Corporation Osmotic device with dual thermodynamic activity
US4783337A (en) 1983-05-11 1988-11-08 Alza Corporation Osmotic system comprising plurality of members for dispensing drug
US4599342A (en) 1984-01-16 1986-07-08 The Procter & Gamble Company Pharmaceutical products providing enhanced analgesia
US4629621A (en) 1984-07-23 1986-12-16 Zetachron, Inc. Erodible matrix for sustained release bioactive composition
AU592065B2 (en) 1984-10-09 1990-01-04 Dow Chemical Company, The Sustained release dosage form based on highly plasticized cellulose ether gels
GB8507779D0 (en) 1985-03-26 1985-05-01 Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co Drug carrier
DE3673789D1 (en) 1985-06-24 1990-10-04 Ici Australia Ltd PACKABLE CAPSULES.
AU607681B2 (en) 1985-06-28 1991-03-14 Carrington Laboratories, Inc. Processes for preparation of aloe products, products produced thereby and compositions thereof
US4992279A (en) 1985-07-03 1991-02-12 Kraft General Foods, Inc. Sweetness inhibitor
US4851521A (en) 1985-07-08 1989-07-25 Fidia, S.P.A. Esters of hyaluronic acid
US4765999A (en) * 1985-07-26 1988-08-23 Presto Products, Incorporated Polyester/copolyester coextruded packaging film
EP0226061B1 (en) 1985-12-17 1994-02-16 United States Surgical Corporation High molecular weight bioresorbable polymers and implantation devices thereof
US5229164A (en) 1985-12-19 1993-07-20 Capsoid Pharma Gmbh Process for producing individually dosed administration forms
US4711894A (en) 1986-01-16 1987-12-08 Henkel Corporation Stabilized tocopherol in dry, particulate, free-flowing form
US4940556A (en) 1986-01-30 1990-07-10 Syntex (U.S.A.) Inc. Method of preparing long acting formulation
US5198226A (en) 1986-01-30 1993-03-30 Syntex (U.S.A.) Inc. Long acting nicardipine hydrochloride formulation
US4764378A (en) 1986-02-10 1988-08-16 Zetachron, Inc. Buccal drug dosage form
EP0239973A3 (en) 1986-03-31 1989-11-08 Union Carbide Corporation Catalyst and process for alkylene oxide polymerization
DE3612211A1 (en) 1986-04-11 1987-10-15 Basf Ag CONTINUOUS TABLET METHOD
US4667013A (en) * 1986-05-02 1987-05-19 Union Carbide Corporation Process for alkylene oxide polymerization
USRE33093E (en) 1986-06-16 1989-10-17 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Products, Inc. Bioadhesive extruded film for intra-oral drug delivery and process
US4713243A (en) 1986-06-16 1987-12-15 Johnson & Johnson Products, Inc. Bioadhesive extruded film for intra-oral drug delivery and process
USRE34990E (en) 1986-08-07 1995-07-04 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Oral therapeutic system having systemic action
CA1335748C (en) 1986-09-25 1995-05-30 Jeffrey Lawrence Finnan Crosslinked gelatins
US5227157A (en) 1986-10-14 1993-07-13 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Delivery of therapeutic agents
ES2032802T5 (en) 1986-11-10 2004-01-16 Biopure Corporation SUCEDANEO OF EXTRAPUR SEMISINTETIC BLOOD.
US4892889A (en) 1986-11-18 1990-01-09 Basf Corporation Process for making a spray-dried, directly-compressible vitamin powder comprising unhydrolyzed gelatin
JPH0831303B2 (en) 1986-12-01 1996-03-27 オムロン株式会社 Chip type fuse
ATE72111T1 (en) 1987-01-14 1992-02-15 Ciba Geigy Ag THERAPEUTIC SYSTEM FOR POORLY SOLUBLE ACTIVE INGREDIENTS.
US4892778A (en) 1987-05-27 1990-01-09 Alza Corporation Juxtaposed laminated arrangement
US5051261A (en) 1987-11-24 1991-09-24 Fmc Corporation Method for preparing a solid sustained release form of a functionally active composition
KR900700071A (en) 1987-12-17 1990-08-11 로버어트 에이 아미테이지 Tri-scored Drug Tablets
DE3812567A1 (en) 1988-04-15 1989-10-26 Basf Ag METHOD FOR PRODUCING PHARMACEUTICAL MIXTURES
US4954346A (en) 1988-06-08 1990-09-04 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Orally administrable nifedipine solution in a solid light resistant dosage form
US4960814A (en) 1988-06-13 1990-10-02 Eastman Kodak Company Water-dispersible polymeric compositions
US5350741A (en) 1988-07-30 1994-09-27 Kanji Takada Enteric formulations of physiologically active peptides and proteins
JPH0249719A (en) 1988-08-11 1990-02-20 Dai Ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co Ltd Oil soluble-vitamin powder having readily water-dispersible and soluble performance
GB8820327D0 (en) 1988-08-26 1988-09-28 May & Baker Ltd New compositions of matter
DE3830353A1 (en) 1988-09-07 1990-03-15 Basf Ag METHOD FOR THE CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF SOLID PHARMACEUTICAL FORMS
US5139790A (en) 1988-10-14 1992-08-18 Zetachron, Inc. Low-melting moldable pharmaceutical excipient and dosage forms prepared therewith
US5004601A (en) 1988-10-14 1991-04-02 Zetachron, Inc. Low-melting moldable pharmaceutical excipient and dosage forms prepared therewith
US4957668A (en) 1988-12-07 1990-09-18 General Motors Corporation Ultrasonic compacting and bonding particles
US5190760A (en) * 1989-07-08 1993-03-02 Coopers Animal Health Limited Solid pharmaceutical composition
US5169645A (en) 1989-10-31 1992-12-08 Duquesne University Of The Holy Ghost Directly compressible granules having improved flow properties
US5200197A (en) 1989-11-16 1993-04-06 Alza Corporation Contraceptive pill
GB8926612D0 (en) 1989-11-24 1990-01-17 Erba Farmitalia Pharmaceutical compositions
EP0449775A3 (en) 1990-03-29 1992-09-02 Ciba-Geigy Ag Polyether-polyester block copolymers and their use as dispersing agents
SU1759445A1 (en) 1990-06-15 1992-09-07 Ленинградский Технологический Институт Им.Ленсовета Method of producing encapsulated hydrophobic substances
FR2664851B1 (en) 1990-07-20 1992-10-16 Oreal METHOD OF COMPACTING A POWDER MIXTURE FOR OBTAINING A COMPACT ABSORBENT OR PARTIALLY DELITABLE PRODUCT AND PRODUCT OBTAINED BY THIS PROCESS.
EP0477135A1 (en) 1990-09-07 1992-03-25 Warner-Lambert Company Chewable spheroidal coated microcapsules and methods for preparing same
US5126151A (en) 1991-01-24 1992-06-30 Warner-Lambert Company Encapsulation matrix
US5273758A (en) 1991-03-18 1993-12-28 Sandoz Ltd. Directly compressible polyethylene oxide vehicle for preparing therapeutic dosage forms
US5149538A (en) 1991-06-14 1992-09-22 Warner-Lambert Company Misuse-resistive transdermal opioid dosage form
JP3073054B2 (en) 1991-07-11 2000-08-07 住友精化株式会社 Method for producing alkylene oxide polymer
WO1993004670A1 (en) 1991-08-30 1993-03-18 Showa Yakuhin Kako Co., Ltd. Dry gel composition
EP0664118B1 (en) * 1991-10-04 1999-08-25 Yoshitomi Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd. Sustained-release tablet
AU2670292A (en) 1991-10-04 1993-05-03 Olin Corporation Fungicide tablet
DE4138513A1 (en) 1991-11-23 1993-05-27 Basf Ag SOLID PHARMACEUTICAL RETARD FORM
US5266331A (en) 1991-11-27 1993-11-30 Euroceltique, S.A. Controlled release oxycodone compositions
WO1993010758A1 (en) 1991-12-05 1993-06-10 Pitman-Moore, Inc. A carbohydrate glass matrix for the sustained release of a therapeutic agent
US5200194A (en) 1991-12-18 1993-04-06 Alza Corporation Oral osmotic device
DE69222182T2 (en) 1991-12-18 1998-02-26 Warner Lambert Co METHOD FOR PRODUCING A SOLID DISPERSION
US5225417A (en) 1992-01-21 1993-07-06 G. D. Searle & Co. Opioid agonist compounds
IL105553A (en) 1992-05-06 1998-01-04 Janssen Pharmaceutica Inc Solid dosage form comprising a porous network of matrix forming material which disperses rapidly in water
DK0641195T3 (en) 1992-05-22 1996-08-05 Goedecke Ag Process for the preparation of delayed-action drug mixtures
GB9217295D0 (en) 1992-08-14 1992-09-30 Wellcome Found Controlled released tablets
DE4227385A1 (en) 1992-08-19 1994-02-24 Kali Chemie Pharma Gmbh Pancreatin micropellets
DE4229085C2 (en) 1992-09-01 1996-07-11 Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh Elongated, divisible tablet
RO112991B1 (en) 1992-09-18 1998-03-30 Yamanouchi Pharma Co Ltd Sustained release hydrogel-type preparation
US5472943A (en) 1992-09-21 1995-12-05 Albert Einstein College Of Medicine Of Yeshiva University, Method of simultaneously enhancing analgesic potency and attenuating dependence liability caused by morphine and other opioid agonists
FI101039B (en) 1992-10-09 1998-04-15 Eeva Kristoffersson Method for preparing medicated pellets
AU679937B2 (en) 1992-11-18 1997-07-17 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Products, Inc. Extrudable compositions for topical or transdermal drug delivery
JP3459421B2 (en) 1992-12-23 2003-10-20 サイテック ソチエタ レスポンサビリタ リミテ Process for the preparation of controlled open pharmaceutical forms and the pharmaceutical forms thus obtained
GB2273874A (en) 1992-12-31 1994-07-06 Pertti Olavi Toermaelae Preparation of pharmaceuticals in a polymer matrix
US6071970A (en) 1993-02-08 2000-06-06 Nps Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Compounds active at a novel site on receptor-operated calcium channels useful for treatment of neurological disorders and diseases
US5914132A (en) 1993-02-26 1999-06-22 The Procter & Gamble Company Pharmaceutical dosage form with multiple enteric polymer coatings for colonic delivery
DE4309528C2 (en) 1993-03-24 1998-05-20 Doxa Gmbh Casein film or film tube, process for their production and their use
IL109460A (en) 1993-05-10 1998-03-10 Euro Celtique Sa Controlled release formulation comprising tramadol
IL109944A (en) 1993-07-01 1998-12-06 Euro Celtique Sa Sustained release dosage unit forms containing morphine and a method of preparing these sustained release dosage unit forms
DE4329794C2 (en) 1993-09-03 1997-09-18 Gruenenthal Gmbh Tramadol salt-containing drugs with delayed release
HU218673B (en) 1993-10-07 2000-10-28 Euroceltique S.A. Controlled release pharmaceutical composition for orally administration comprising opioid analgesic and process for producing its
KR100354702B1 (en) * 1993-11-23 2002-12-28 유로-셀티크 소시에떼 아노뉨 Manufacturing method and sustained release composition of pharmaceutical composition
EP0654263B1 (en) 1993-11-23 2002-01-23 Euro-Celtique S.A. Method for preparing a sustained release composition
WO1995017174A1 (en) 1993-12-20 1995-06-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for making laxatives containing dioctyl sulfosuccinate
IL112106A0 (en) 1993-12-22 1995-03-15 Ergo Science Inc Accelerated release composition containing bromocriptine
GB9401894D0 (en) 1994-02-01 1994-03-30 Rhone Poulenc Rorer Ltd New compositions of matter
WO1995022319A1 (en) 1994-02-16 1995-08-24 Abbott Laboratories Process for preparing fine particle pharmaceutical formulations
SE9503924D0 (en) 1995-08-18 1995-11-07 Astra Ab Novel opioid peptides
US5458887A (en) 1994-03-02 1995-10-17 Andrx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Controlled release tablet formulation
DE4413350A1 (en) 1994-04-18 1995-10-19 Basf Ag Retard matrix pellets and process for their production
DK0758244T4 (en) 1994-05-06 2008-06-16 Pfizer Controlled-release azithromycin dosage forms
DE19509807A1 (en) * 1995-03-21 1996-09-26 Basf Ag Process for the preparation of active substance preparations in the form of a solid solution of the active substance in a polymer matrix, and active substance preparations produced using this method
AT403988B (en) 1994-05-18 1998-07-27 Lannacher Heilmittel SOLID ORAL RETARDED PREPARATION
US5460826A (en) 1994-06-27 1995-10-24 Alza Corporation Morphine therapy
DE4426245A1 (en) * 1994-07-23 1996-02-22 Gruenenthal Gmbh 1-phenyl-3-dimethylamino-propane compounds with pharmacological activity
IT1274879B (en) 1994-08-03 1997-07-25 Saitec Srl APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PREPARING SOLID PHARMACEUTICAL FORMS WITH CONTROLLED RELEASE OF THE ACTIVE INGREDIENT.
JP3285452B2 (en) 1994-08-11 2002-05-27 サンスター株式会社 Toothpaste composition
US5837790A (en) 1994-10-24 1998-11-17 Amcol International Corporation Precipitation polymerization process for producing an oil adsorbent polymer capable of entrapping solid particles and liquids and the product thereof
AUPM897594A0 (en) 1994-10-25 1994-11-17 Daratech Pty Ltd Controlled release container
US5965161A (en) 1994-11-04 1999-10-12 Euro-Celtique, S.A. Extruded multi-particulates
DE4446470A1 (en) 1994-12-23 1996-06-27 Basf Ag Process for the production of dividable tablets
DE19504832A1 (en) 1995-02-14 1996-08-22 Basf Ag Solid drug preparations
US5945125A (en) 1995-02-28 1999-08-31 Temple University Controlled release tablet
US6117453A (en) 1995-04-14 2000-09-12 Pharma Pass Solid compositions containing polyethylene oxide and an active ingredient
US6348469B1 (en) 1995-04-14 2002-02-19 Pharma Pass Llc Solid compositions containing glipizide and polyethylene oxide
US5900425A (en) 1995-05-02 1999-05-04 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Pharmaceutical preparations having controlled release of active compound and processes for their preparation
DE19522899C1 (en) 1995-06-23 1996-12-19 Hexal Pharmaforschung Gmbh Process for the continuous sintering of a granulate
US5759583A (en) 1995-08-30 1998-06-02 Syntex (U.S.A.) Inc. Sustained release poly (lactic/glycolic) matrices
US6007843A (en) 1995-09-29 1999-12-28 Lam Pharmaceuticals Corp. Sustained release delivery system
US5811126A (en) 1995-10-02 1998-09-22 Euro-Celtique, S.A. Controlled release matrix for pharmaceuticals
DE19539361A1 (en) 1995-10-23 1997-04-24 Basf Ag Process for the preparation of multilayer, solid pharmaceutical forms for oral or rectal administration
US5908850A (en) 1995-12-04 1999-06-01 Celgene Corporation Method of treating attention deficit disorders with d-threo methylphenidate
US6355656B1 (en) * 1995-12-04 2002-03-12 Celgene Corporation Phenidate drug formulations having diminished abuse potential
DE19547766A1 (en) 1995-12-20 1997-06-26 Gruenenthal Gmbh 1-phenyl-2-dimethylaminomethyl-cyclohexan-1-ol compounds as active pharmaceutical ingredients
DE69709646T2 (en) 1996-03-12 2002-08-14 Alza Corp., Palo Alto COMPOSITION AND DOSAGE WITH AN OPIOID ANTAGONIST
US6461644B1 (en) 1996-03-25 2002-10-08 Richard R. Jackson Anesthetizing plastics, drug delivery plastics, and related medical products, systems and methods
CN1215338A (en) 1996-04-05 1999-04-28 武田药品工业株式会社 Pharmaceutical combination containing a compound having angiotensin II and antagonisti activity
US6096339A (en) 1997-04-04 2000-08-01 Alza Corporation Dosage form, process of making and using same
US20020114838A1 (en) 1996-04-05 2002-08-22 Ayer Atul D. Uniform drug delivery therapy
US5817343A (en) 1996-05-14 1998-10-06 Alkermes, Inc. Method for fabricating polymer-based controlled-release devices
BR9709535A (en) 1996-06-06 2000-01-11 Bifodan As Composition for forming an enteric coating in an oral preparation, oral preparation provided with an enteric coating, and process for preparing an enteric coating in an oral preparation containing live bacteria
ATE427124T1 (en) 1996-06-26 2009-04-15 Univ Texas HOT-MELTED EXTRUDABLE PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION
AU695734B2 (en) 1996-07-08 1998-08-20 Penwest Pharmaceuticals Co. Sustained release matrix for high-dose insoluble drugs
DE19629753A1 (en) 1996-07-23 1998-01-29 Basf Ag Process for the production of solid dosage forms
NL1003684C2 (en) 1996-07-25 1998-01-28 Weterings B V H Device for dispensing a liquid.
DE19630236A1 (en) 1996-07-26 1998-01-29 Wolff Walsrode Ag Biaxially stretched, biodegradable and compostable sausage casing
BE1010353A5 (en) 1996-08-14 1998-06-02 Boss Pharmaceuticals Ag Method for manufacture of pharmaceutical products, device for such a method and pharmaceutical products obtained.
EP0950690B1 (en) 1996-11-05 2005-01-26 NOVAMONT S.p.A. Biodegradable polymeric compositions comprising starch and a thermoplastic polymer
US5991799A (en) 1996-12-20 1999-11-23 Liberate Technologies Information retrieval system using an internet multiplexer to focus user selection
DE19705538C1 (en) 1997-02-14 1998-08-27 Goedecke Ag Process for the separation of active substances in solid pharmaceutical preparations
US5948787A (en) 1997-02-28 1999-09-07 Alza Corporation Compositions containing opiate analgesics
DE19710009A1 (en) 1997-03-12 1998-09-24 Knoll Ag Multi-phase preparation forms containing active ingredients
DE19710213A1 (en) 1997-03-12 1998-09-17 Basf Ag Process for the manufacture of solid combination dosage forms
DE19710008A1 (en) 1997-03-12 1998-09-17 Basf Ag Solid, at least two-phase formulations of a sustained-release opioid analgesic
US6139770A (en) 1997-05-16 2000-10-31 Chevron Chemical Company Llc Photoinitiators and oxygen scavenging compositions
DE19721467A1 (en) 1997-05-22 1998-11-26 Basf Ag Process for the preparation of small-scale preparations of biologically active substances
US6635280B2 (en) 1997-06-06 2003-10-21 Depomed, Inc. Extending the duration of drug release within the stomach during the fed mode
JP4083818B2 (en) 1997-06-06 2008-04-30 ディポメド，インコーポレイティド Gastric retentive oral drug dosage form for controlled release of highly soluble drugs
JP3739410B2 (en) 1997-07-02 2006-01-25 ユーロ−セルティーク エス．エイ． Stabilized sustained release tramadol formulation
IE970588A1 (en) 1997-08-01 2000-08-23 Elan Corp Plc Controlled release pharmaceutical compositions containing tiagabine
WO1999012864A1 (en) 1997-09-10 1999-03-18 Alliedsignal Inc. Injection molding of structural zirconia-based materials by an aqueous process
US6009390A (en) 1997-09-11 1999-12-28 Lucent Technologies Inc. Technique for selective use of Gaussian kernels and mixture component weights of tied-mixture hidden Markov models for speech recognition
DE59803468D1 (en) 1997-11-28 2002-04-25 Knoll Ag METHOD FOR PRODUCING SOLVENT-FREE, NON-CRYSTALLINE BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES
KR20010032718A (en) 1997-12-03 2001-04-25 빌프리더 하이더 Polyether Ester Amides
DE19753534A1 (en) 1997-12-03 1999-06-10 Bayer Ag Biodegradable thermoplastic polyester-amides with good mechanical properties for molding, film and fiber, useful for e.g. compostable refuse bag
US6375957B1 (en) * 1997-12-22 2002-04-23 Euro-Celtique, S.A. Opioid agonist/opioid antagonist/acetaminophen combinations
EP1041988A4 (en) 1997-12-22 2002-03-13 Euro Celtique Sa A method of preventing abuse of opioid dosage forms
DE19800698A1 (en) 1998-01-10 1999-07-15 Bayer Ag Biodegradable polyester amides with block-like polyester and polyamide segments
DE19800689C1 (en) 1998-01-10 1999-07-15 Deloro Stellite Gmbh Shaped body made of a wear-resistant material
US6251430B1 (en) 1998-02-04 2001-06-26 Guohua Zhang Water insoluble polymer based sustained release formulation
DE69918233T2 (en) 1998-03-05 2005-02-24 Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. POLYMIC ACID COMPOSITION AND FILM MANUFACTURED THEREOF
US6245357B1 (en) 1998-03-06 2001-06-12 Alza Corporation Extended release dosage form
US6090411A (en) 1998-03-09 2000-07-18 Temple University Monolithic tablet for controlled drug release
US6110500A (en) 1998-03-25 2000-08-29 Temple University Coated tablet with long term parabolic and zero-order release kinetics
JP2002510878A (en) * 1998-04-02 2002-04-09 アプライド マテリアルズ インコーポレイテッド Method for etching a low-k dielectric
CA2327685C (en) 1998-04-03 2008-11-18 Bm Research A/S Controlled release composition
US5962488A (en) 1998-04-08 1999-10-05 Roberts Laboratories, Inc. Stable pharmaceutical formulations for treating internal bowel syndrome containing isoxazole derivatives
DE19822979A1 (en) 1998-05-25 1999-12-02 Kalle Nalo Gmbh & Co Kg Film with starch or starch derivatives and polyester urethanes and process for their production
US6333087B1 (en) * 1998-08-27 2001-12-25 Chevron Chemical Company Llc Oxygen scavenging packaging
DE19841244A1 (en) 1998-09-09 2000-03-16 Knoll Ag Method and device for making tablets
US6268177B1 (en) 1998-09-22 2001-07-31 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Isolated nucleic acid encoding nucleotide pyrophosphorylase
WO2000023073A1 (en) 1998-10-20 2000-04-27 Korea Institute Of Science And Technology Bioflavonoids as plasma high density lipoprotein level increasing agent
US6322819B1 (en) 1998-10-21 2001-11-27 Shire Laboratories, Inc. Oral pulsed dose drug delivery system
US20060240105A1 (en) 1998-11-02 2006-10-26 Elan Corporation, Plc Multiparticulate modified release composition
ES2141688B1 (en) 1998-11-06 2001-02-01 Vita Invest Sa NEW ESTERS DERIVED FROM SUBSTITUTED FENIL-CICLOHEXIL COMPOUNDS.
DE19855440A1 (en) 1998-12-01 2000-06-08 Basf Ag Process for the production of solid dosage forms by melt extrusion
DE19856147A1 (en) 1998-12-04 2000-06-08 Knoll Ag Divisible solid dosage forms and methods for their preparation
EP1005863A1 (en) * 1998-12-04 2000-06-07 Synthelabo Controlled-release dosage forms comprising a short acting hypnotic or a salt thereof
US6238697B1 (en) * 1998-12-21 2001-05-29 Pharmalogix, Inc. Methods and formulations for making bupropion hydrochloride tablets using direct compression
WO2000040205A2 (en) 1999-01-05 2000-07-13 Copley Pharmaceutical Inc. Sustained release formulation with reduced moisture sensitivity
WO2000045830A1 (en) 1999-02-04 2000-08-10 Nichimo Co., Ltd. Materials for preventing arteriosclerosis, immunopotentiating materials, vertebrates fed with these materials and eggs thereof
US7374779B2 (en) 1999-02-26 2008-05-20 Lipocine, Inc. Pharmaceutical formulations and systems for improved absorption and multistage release of active agents
US6375963B1 (en) 1999-06-16 2002-04-23 Michael A. Repka Bioadhesive hot-melt extruded film for topical and mucosal adhesion applications and drug delivery and process for preparation thereof
MXPA02000725A (en) 1999-07-29 2003-07-14 Roxane Lab Inc Opioid sustained released formulation.
US20030118641A1 (en) * 2000-07-27 2003-06-26 Roxane Laboratories, Inc. Abuse-resistant sustained-release opioid formulation
US6562375B1 (en) 1999-08-04 2003-05-13 Yamanouchi Pharmaceuticals, Co., Ltd. Stable pharmaceutical composition for oral use
EP1205190B1 (en) 1999-08-04 2006-05-03 Astellas Pharma Inc. Stable medicinal compositions for oral use using ferric oxides
KR100345214B1 (en) 1999-08-17 2002-07-25 이강춘 The nasal transmucosal delivery of peptides conjugated with biocompatible polymers
DE19940740A1 (en) 1999-08-31 2001-03-01 Gruenenthal Gmbh Pharmaceutical salts
DE19940944B4 (en) 1999-08-31 2006-10-12 Grünenthal GmbH Retarded, oral, pharmaceutical dosage forms
ATE279186T1 (en) 1999-08-31 2004-10-15 Gruenenthal Gmbh SUSTAINED-RELEASE PHARMACEUTICAL FORM CONTAINING TRAMADOL ACCHARINATE
DE19960494A1 (en) 1999-12-15 2001-06-21 Knoll Ag Device and method for producing solid active substance-containing forms
ES2160534B1 (en) 1999-12-30 2002-04-16 Vita Invest Sa NEW ESTERS DERIVED FROM (RR, SS) -2-HYDROXIBENZOATE 3- (2-DIMETHYLMINOME-1-HYDROXICICLOHEXIL) PHENYL.
US6680070B1 (en) 2000-01-18 2004-01-20 Albemarle Corporation Particulate blends and compacted products formed therefrom, and the preparation thereof
EP2517710B1 (en) 2000-02-08 2015-03-25 Euro-Celtique S.A. Tamper-resistant oral opioid agonist formulations
US20020015730A1 (en) 2000-03-09 2002-02-07 Torsten Hoffmann Pharmaceutical formulations and method for making
DE10015479A1 (en) 2000-03-29 2001-10-11 Basf Ag Solid oral dosage forms with delayed release of active ingredient and high mechanical stability
US8012504B2 (en) 2000-04-28 2011-09-06 Reckitt Benckiser Inc. Sustained release of guaifenesin combination drugs
US6572887B2 (en) 2000-05-01 2003-06-03 National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation Polysaccharide material for direct compression
US6419954B1 (en) 2000-05-19 2002-07-16 Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Tablets and methods for modified release of hydrophilic and other active agents
CA2409996C (en) * 2000-05-23 2016-03-01 Cenes Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Nrg-2 nucleic acid molecules, polypeptides, and diagnostic and therapeutic methods
DE10029201A1 (en) 2000-06-19 2001-12-20 Basf Ag Retarded release oral dosage form, obtained by granulating mixture containing active agent and polyvinyl acetate-polyvinyl pyrrolidone mixture below the melting temperature
US6488962B1 (en) 2000-06-20 2002-12-03 Depomed, Inc. Tablet shapes to enhance gastric retention of swellable controlled-release oral dosage forms
US6607748B1 (en) 2000-06-29 2003-08-19 Vincent Lenaerts Cross-linked high amylose starch for use in controlled-release pharmaceutical formulations and processes for its manufacture
JP2002042339A (en) 2000-07-19 2002-02-08 Teac Corp Optical disk recorder
DE10036400A1 (en) 2000-07-26 2002-06-06 Mitsubishi Polyester Film Gmbh White, biaxially oriented polyester film
FR2812906B1 (en) 2000-08-10 2002-09-20 Snecma Moteurs AXIAL RETAINER RING OF A FLANGE ON A DISC
US6642205B2 (en) 2000-09-25 2003-11-04 Pro-Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Methods and compositions for reducing side effects in chemotherapeutic treatments
GB2381456B (en) 2000-09-27 2004-08-04 Danisco An anhydrofructose derived antimicrobial agent
AU2001294902A1 (en) 2000-09-28 2002-04-08 The Dow Chemical Company Polymer composite structures useful for controlled release systems
GB0026137D0 (en) 2000-10-25 2000-12-13 Euro Celtique Sa Transdermal dosage form
US6344215B1 (en) 2000-10-27 2002-02-05 Eurand America, Inc. Methylphenidate modified release formulations
EP2263658A1 (en) * 2000-10-30 2010-12-22 Euro-Celtique S.A. Controlled release hydrocodone formulations
AU2002226098A1 (en) 2000-10-30 2002-05-15 The Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Spherical particles produced by a hot-melt extrusion/spheronization process
DE10109763A1 (en) 2001-02-28 2002-09-05 Gruenenthal Gmbh Pharmaceutical salts
JP2002265592A (en) 2001-03-07 2002-09-18 Sumitomo Seika Chem Co Ltd Process for producing alkylene oxide polymer
WO2002071860A1 (en) 2001-03-13 2002-09-19 L.A. Dreyfus Co. Gum base and gum manufacturing using particulated gum base ingredients
JP3967554B2 (en) 2001-03-15 2007-08-29 株式会社ポッカコーポレーション Flavonoid compound and method for producing the same
EP1241110A1 (en) 2001-03-16 2002-09-18 Pfizer Products Inc. Dispensing unit for oxygen-sensitive drugs
US20020132395A1 (en) 2001-03-16 2002-09-19 International Business Machines Corporation Body contact in SOI devices by electrically weakening the oxide under the body
US20020187192A1 (en) 2001-04-30 2002-12-12 Yatindra Joshi Pharmaceutical composition which reduces or eliminates drug abuse potential
WO2002088217A1 (en) 2001-05-01 2002-11-07 Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation Poly(alkylene oxides) having reduced amounts of formic compounds
UA81224C2 (en) 2001-05-02 2007-12-25 Euro Celtic S A Dosage form of oxycodone and use thereof
US6852891B2 (en) 2001-05-08 2005-02-08 The Johns Hopkins University Method of inhibiting methaphetamine synthesis
CN1525851A (en) 2001-05-11 2004-09-01 ������ҩ�����޹�˾ Abuse-resistant controlled-release opioid dosage form
US6623754B2 (en) 2001-05-21 2003-09-23 Noveon Ip Holdings Corp. Dosage form of N-acetyl cysteine
AU2002339378A1 (en) * 2001-05-22 2002-12-03 Euro-Celtique Compartmentalized dosage form
US20030064122A1 (en) 2001-05-23 2003-04-03 Endo Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Abuse resistant pharmaceutical composition containing capsaicin
WO2003002100A1 (en) 2001-06-26 2003-01-09 Farrell John J Tamper-proof narcotic delivery system
US20030008409A1 (en) * 2001-07-03 2003-01-09 Spearman Steven R. Method and apparatus for determining sunlight exposure
US8329216B2 (en) 2001-07-06 2012-12-11 Endo Pharmaceuticals Inc. Oxymorphone controlled release formulations
ATE376832T1 (en) 2001-07-06 2007-11-15 Penwest Pharmaceuticals Co DELAYED RELEASE FORMULATIONS OF OXYMORPHONE
CA2452871C (en) 2001-07-06 2011-10-04 Endo Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Oxymorphone controlled release formulations
JP2003020517A (en) 2001-07-10 2003-01-24 Calp Corp Resin composition for compound fiber
ATE419039T1 (en) * 2001-07-18 2009-01-15 Euro Celtique Sa PHARMACEUTICAL COMBINATIONS OF OXYCODONE AND NALOXONE
US6883976B2 (en) 2001-07-30 2005-04-26 Seikoh Giken Co., Ltd. Optical fiber ferrule assembly and optical module and optical connector using the same
US7157103B2 (en) * 2001-08-06 2007-01-02 Euro-Celtique S.A. Pharmaceutical formulation containing irritant
US7144587B2 (en) * 2001-08-06 2006-12-05 Euro-Celtique S.A. Pharmaceutical formulation containing opioid agonist, opioid antagonist and bittering agent
US7141250B2 (en) 2001-08-06 2006-11-28 Euro-Celtique S.A. Pharmaceutical formulation containing bittering agent
AU2002321879A1 (en) 2001-08-06 2003-03-03 Thomas Gruber Pharmaceutical formulation containing dye
US20030044458A1 (en) 2001-08-06 2003-03-06 Curtis Wright Oral dosage form comprising a therapeutic agent and an adverse-effect agent
US7842307B2 (en) * 2001-08-06 2010-11-30 Purdue Pharma L.P. Pharmaceutical formulation containing opioid agonist, opioid antagonist and gelling agent
US7332182B2 (en) 2001-08-06 2008-02-19 Purdue Pharma L.P. Pharmaceutical formulation containing opioid agonist, opioid antagonist and irritant
EP1414418A1 (en) 2001-08-06 2004-05-06 Euro-Celtique S.A. Compositions and methods to prevent abuse of opioids
CA2455420A1 (en) 2001-08-06 2003-02-20 Euro-Celtique, S.A. Compositions and methods to prevent abuse of opioids
US20030068375A1 (en) 2001-08-06 2003-04-10 Curtis Wright Pharmaceutical formulation containing gelling agent
US20030157168A1 (en) 2001-08-06 2003-08-21 Christopher Breder Sequestered antagonist formulations
JP3474870B2 (en) 2001-08-08 2003-12-08 菱計装株式会社 Elevator
US20030049272A1 (en) 2001-08-30 2003-03-13 Yatindra Joshi Pharmaceutical composition which produces irritation
US6691698B2 (en) 2001-09-14 2004-02-17 Fmc Technologies Inc. Cooking oven having curved heat exchanger
US20030059467A1 (en) 2001-09-14 2003-03-27 Pawan Seth Pharmaceutical composition comprising doxasozin
US20030068276A1 (en) 2001-09-17 2003-04-10 Lyn Hughes Dosage forms
US20030092724A1 (en) 2001-09-18 2003-05-15 Huaihung Kao Combination sustained release-immediate release oral dosage forms with an opioid analgesic and a non-opioid analgesic
US20050019399A1 (en) 2001-09-21 2005-01-27 Gina Fischer Controlled release solid dispersions
US20040253310A1 (en) 2001-09-21 2004-12-16 Gina Fischer Morphine polymer release system
US20030091635A1 (en) 2001-09-26 2003-05-15 Baichwal Anand R. Opioid formulations having reduced potential for abuse
EP1429735A2 (en) 2001-09-26 2004-06-23 Klaus-Jürgen Steffens Method and device for producing granulates that comprise at least one pharmaceutical active substance
CN1596101A (en) 2001-09-28 2005-03-16 麦克内尔-Ppc股份有限公司 Fondant composition contained dosage forms
US6837696B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2005-01-04 Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. Apparatus for manufacturing dosage forms
JP2005505657A (en) 2001-10-09 2005-02-24 ザ プロクター アンド ギャンブル カンパニー Aqueous composition for surface treatment
US6592901B2 (en) 2001-10-15 2003-07-15 Hercules Incorporated Highly compressible ethylcellulose for tableting
JP2003125706A (en) 2001-10-23 2003-05-07 Lion Corp Mouth freshening preparation
PE20030527A1 (en) 2001-10-24 2003-07-26 Gruenenthal Chemie DELAYED-RELEASE PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION CONTAINING 3- (3-DIMETHYLAMINO-1-ETHYL-2-METHYL-PROPYL) PHENOL OR A PHARMACEUTICALLY ACCEPTABLE SALT OF THE SAME AND ORAL TABLETS CONTAINING IT
CA2409552A1 (en) 2001-10-25 2003-04-25 Depomed, Inc. Gastric retentive oral dosage form with restricted drug release in the lower gastrointestinal tract
US20030104052A1 (en) 2001-10-25 2003-06-05 Bret Berner Gastric retentive oral dosage form with restricted drug release in the lower gastrointestinal tract
US20030152622A1 (en) 2001-10-25 2003-08-14 Jenny Louie-Helm Formulation of an erodible, gastric retentive oral diuretic
US6723340B2 (en) 2001-10-25 2004-04-20 Depomed, Inc. Optimal polymer mixtures for gastric retentive tablets
US20030091630A1 (en) 2001-10-25 2003-05-15 Jenny Louie-Helm Formulation of an erodible, gastric retentive oral dosage form using in vitro disintegration test data
TWI312285B (en) * 2001-10-25 2009-07-21 Depomed Inc Methods of treatment using a gastric retained gabapentin dosage
JP4551089B2 (en) 2001-10-29 2010-09-22 マサチューセッツ インスティテュート オブ テクノロジー System for producing sustained release dosage forms such as zero order release profile dosage forms produced by three-dimensional printing
US20040126428A1 (en) 2001-11-02 2004-07-01 Lyn Hughes Pharmaceutical formulation including a resinate and an aversive agent
EP1450824A4 (en) 2001-11-02 2005-09-28 Elan Corp Plc Pharmaceutical composition
WO2003049689A2 (en) 2001-12-06 2003-06-19 Nutraceutix, Inc. Isoflavone composition for oral delivery
FR2833838B1 (en) 2001-12-21 2005-09-16 Ellipse Pharmaceuticals METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A TABLET INCLUDING A MORPHINIC ANALGESIC AND TABLET OBTAINED
AUPS044502A0 (en) 2002-02-11 2002-03-07 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Novel catalysts and processes for their preparation
US20040033253A1 (en) 2002-02-19 2004-02-19 Ihor Shevchuk Acyl opioid antagonists
US20030158265A1 (en) 2002-02-20 2003-08-21 Ramachandran Radhakrishnan Orally administrable pharmaceutical formulation comprising pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and process for preparing the same
US20030190343A1 (en) 2002-03-05 2003-10-09 Pfizer Inc. Palatable pharmaceutical compositions for companion animals
US6572889B1 (en) 2002-03-07 2003-06-03 Noveon Ip Holdings Corp. Controlled release solid dosage carbamazepine formulations
US6753009B2 (en) 2002-03-13 2004-06-22 Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. Soft tablet containing high molecular weight polyethylene oxide
DK2425824T5 (en) 2002-04-05 2018-02-12 Mundipharma As Pharmaceutical preparation containing oxycodone and naloxone
DE10217232B4 (en) 2002-04-18 2004-08-19 Ticona Gmbh Process for the production of filled granules from polyethylene of high or ultra-high molecular weight
WO2003089506A1 (en) 2002-04-22 2003-10-30 Purdue Research Foundation Hydrogels having enhanced elasticity and mechanical strength properties
US20050106249A1 (en) 2002-04-29 2005-05-19 Stephen Hwang Once-a-day, oral, controlled-release, oxycodone dosage forms
CA2483655A1 (en) 2002-04-29 2003-11-13 Alza Corporation Methods and dosage forms for controlled delivery of oxycodone
WO2003094812A1 (en) 2002-05-13 2003-11-20 Endo Pharmaceuticals Inc. Abuse-resistant opioid solid dosage form
DE10250083A1 (en) 2002-06-17 2003-12-24 Gruenenthal Gmbh Dosage form protected against abuse
US7776314B2 (en) 2002-06-17 2010-08-17 Grunenthal Gmbh Abuse-proofed dosage system
CA2491572C (en) 2002-07-05 2010-03-23 Collegium Pharmaceutical, Inc. Abuse-deterrent pharmaceutical compositions of opiods and other drugs
US20040011806A1 (en) 2002-07-17 2004-01-22 Luciano Packaging Technologies, Inc. Tablet filler device with star wheel
US20070196481A1 (en) 2002-07-25 2007-08-23 Amidon Gregory E Sustained-release tablet composition
US20050191340A1 (en) 2002-08-09 2005-09-01 Gruenenthal Gmbh Opioid-receptor antagonists in transdermal systems having buprenorphine
EP1539112A1 (en) 2002-08-21 2005-06-15 Phoqus Pharmaceuticals Limited Use of an aqueous solution of citric acid and a water-soluble sugar like lactitol as granulation liquid in the manufacture of tablets
US7388068B2 (en) 2002-08-21 2008-06-17 Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh Copolymers made of alkylene oxides and glycidyl ethers and use thereof as polymerizable emulsifiers
US20040052844A1 (en) 2002-09-16 2004-03-18 Fang-Hsiung Hsiao Time-controlled, sustained release, pharmaceutical composition containing water-soluble resins
CN100415233C (en) 2002-09-17 2008-09-03 惠氏公司 Oral formulations
EP1539098B1 (en) 2002-09-20 2011-08-10 Fmc Corporation Cosmetic composition containing microcrystalline cellulose
AU2003271024A1 (en) 2002-09-21 2004-04-08 Jin Wang Sustained release compound of acetamidophenol and tramadol
EP1551402A4 (en) * 2002-09-23 2009-05-27 Verion Inc Abuse-resistant pharmaceutical compositions
DE10250087A1 (en) 2002-10-25 2004-05-06 Grünenthal GmbH Dosage form protected against abuse
AR045972A1 (en) 2002-10-25 2005-11-23 Labopharm Inc FORMULATIONS OF RELEASE OF SUSTAINED LIBERATION WITH EFFECTIVENESS OF 24 HOURS
US20050191244A1 (en) 2002-10-25 2005-09-01 Gruenenthal Gmbh Abuse-resistant pharmaceutical dosage form
US20050186139A1 (en) 2002-10-25 2005-08-25 Gruenenthal Gmbh Abuse-proofed dosage form
DE10250084A1 (en) 2002-10-25 2004-05-06 Grünenthal GmbH Dosage form protected against abuse
DE10250088A1 (en) 2002-10-25 2004-05-06 Grünenthal GmbH Dosage form protected against abuse
DE10252667A1 (en) * 2002-11-11 2004-05-27 Grünenthal GmbH New spiro-((cyclohexane)-tetrahydropyrano-(3,4-b)-indole) derivatives, are ORL1 receptor ligands useful e.g. for treating anxiety, depression, epilepsy, senile dementia, withdrawal symptoms or especially pain
US20040091528A1 (en) 2002-11-12 2004-05-13 Yamanouchi Pharma Technologies, Inc. Soluble drug extended release system
US20040185097A1 (en) 2003-01-31 2004-09-23 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd. Controlled release modifying complex and pharmaceutical compositions thereof
US7442387B2 (en) 2003-03-06 2008-10-28 Astellas Pharma Inc. Pharmaceutical composition for controlled release of active substances and manufacturing method thereof
EP1603597B1 (en) 2003-03-13 2010-01-06 Controlled Chemicals, Inc. Oxycodone conjugates with lower abuse potential and extended duration of action
ATE399538T1 (en) 2003-03-26 2008-07-15 Egalet As MATRIX PREPARATIONS FOR THE CONTROLLED PRESENTATION OF MEDICINAL MEDICINAL PRODUCTS
EP1610767B1 (en) 2003-03-26 2011-01-19 Egalet A/S Morphine controlled release system
WO2004093819A2 (en) 2003-04-21 2004-11-04 Euro-Celtique, S.A. Tamper resistant dosage form comprising co-extruded, adverse agent particles and process of making same
MY135852A (en) 2003-04-21 2008-07-31 Euro Celtique Sa Pharmaceutical products
CA2522529C (en) 2003-04-30 2015-10-20 Purdue Pharma L.P. Tamper resistant transdermal dosage form
US8906413B2 (en) 2003-05-12 2014-12-09 Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Drug formulations having reduced abuse potential
CN1473562A (en) 2003-06-27 2004-02-11 辉 刘 Mouth cavity quick dissolving quick disintegrating freeze-dried tablet and its preparing method
US20050005870A1 (en) * 2003-07-11 2005-01-13 The Clorox Company Composite absorbent particles
US20050015730A1 (en) 2003-07-14 2005-01-20 Srimanth Gunturi Systems, methods and computer program products for identifying tab order sequence of graphically represented elements
US8075872B2 (en) * 2003-08-06 2011-12-13 Gruenenthal Gmbh Abuse-proofed dosage form
CL2004002016A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2005-05-20 Gruenenthal Chemie THERMOFORMED DOSAGE FORM FOR PROOF OF ABUSE CONTAINING (A) ONE OR MORE SUSCEPTIBLE ACTIVE PRINCIPLES OF ABUSE, (B) OPTIONALLY AUXILIARY SUBSTANCES, (C) AT LEAST A DEFINED SYNTHETIC OR NATURAL POLYMER AND (D) OPTIONALLY AT LEAST
RU2339365C2 (en) 2003-08-06 2008-11-27 Грюненталь Гмбх Drug dosage form, protected from unintended application
DE10336400A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2005-03-24 Grünenthal GmbH Anti-abuse dosage form
PL1842533T3 (en) 2003-08-06 2013-08-30 Gruenenthal Gmbh Dosage form that is secured against misuse
DE102004032051A1 (en) 2004-07-01 2006-01-19 Grünenthal GmbH Process for the preparation of a secured against misuse, solid dosage form
US20070048228A1 (en) 2003-08-06 2007-03-01 Elisabeth Arkenau-Maric Abuse-proofed dosage form
DE102005005446A1 (en) 2005-02-04 2006-08-10 Grünenthal GmbH Break-resistant dosage forms with sustained release
DE102004020220A1 (en) 2004-04-22 2005-11-10 Grünenthal GmbH Process for the preparation of a secured against misuse, solid dosage form
DE10361596A1 (en) 2003-12-24 2005-09-29 Grünenthal GmbH Process for producing an anti-abuse dosage form
US20050063214A1 (en) 2003-09-22 2005-03-24 Daisaburo Takashima Semiconductor integrated circuit device
WO2005032555A2 (en) 2003-09-25 2005-04-14 Euro-Celtique S.A. Pharmaceutical combinations of hydrocodone and naltrexone
CN1859900A (en) 2003-09-30 2006-11-08 阿尔萨公司 Osmotically driven active agent delivery device providing an ascending release profile
US20060172006A1 (en) 2003-10-10 2006-08-03 Vincent Lenaerts Sustained-release tramadol formulations with 24-hour clinical efficacy
US20060009478A1 (en) 2003-10-15 2006-01-12 Nadav Friedmann Methods for the treatment of back pain
JP2007509979A (en) 2003-10-29 2007-04-19 アルザ・コーポレーシヨン Once a day, oral, controlled release, oxycodone dosage form
US7201920B2 (en) 2003-11-26 2007-04-10 Acura Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Methods and compositions for deterring abuse of opioid containing dosage forms
BRPI0417348A (en) 2003-12-04 2007-03-13 Pfizer Prod Inc spray gelatinization process using an extruder for preparing multiparticulate crystalline drug compositions preferably containing a poloxamer and a glyceride
ES2281851T3 (en) 2003-12-09 2007-10-01 Euro-Celtique S.A. MANIPULATION RESISTANT CO-EXTRUDED DOSE FORM CONTAINING AN ACTIVE AGENT AND AN ADVERSE AGENT AND PROCESS TO PREPARE THE SAME.
WO2005060942A1 (en) 2003-12-19 2005-07-07 Aurobindo Pharma Ltd Extended release pharmaceutical composition of metformin
DE10360792A1 (en) 2003-12-23 2005-07-28 Grünenthal GmbH Spirocyclic cyclohexane derivatives
JP2007517061A (en) 2003-12-29 2007-06-28 アルザ・コーポレーシヨン Novel pharmaceutical composition and dosage form
US20070196396A1 (en) 2004-02-11 2007-08-23 Rubicon Research Private Limited Controlled release pharmaceutical compositions with improved bioavailability
GB0403100D0 (en) 2004-02-12 2004-03-17 Euro Celtique Sa Particulates
TWI350762B (en) 2004-02-12 2011-10-21 Euro Celtique Sa Particulates
GB0403098D0 (en) 2004-02-12 2004-03-17 Euro Celtique Sa Extrusion
DK2351555T3 (en) 2004-02-23 2017-01-23 Euro Celtique Sa Abuse-safe transdermal opioid delivery device
TWI483944B (en) * 2004-03-30 2015-05-11 Euro Celtique Sa Oxycodone hydrochloride composition,pharmaceutical dosage form,sustained release oral dosage form,and pharmaceutically acceptable package having less than 25 ppm 14-hydroxycodeinone
US20050220877A1 (en) 2004-03-31 2005-10-06 Patel Ashish A Bilayer tablet comprising an antihistamine and a decongestant
DE102004019916A1 (en) 2004-04-21 2005-11-17 Grünenthal GmbH Anti-abuse drug-containing patch
PL1740156T3 (en) 2004-04-22 2011-12-30 Gruenenthal Gmbh Method for the production of an abuse-proof, solid form of administration
WO2005105036A1 (en) 2004-04-28 2005-11-10 Natco Pharma Limited Controlled release mucoadhesive matrix formulation containing tolterodine and a process for its preparation
TWI428271B (en) 2004-06-09 2014-03-01 Smithkline Beecham Corp Apparatus and method for pharmaceutical production
SI1612203T1 (en) 2004-06-28 2007-12-31 Gruenenthal Chemie Crystalline forms of (-)-(1R,2R)-3-(3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl)-phenol hydrochloride
ITMI20041317A1 (en) 2004-06-30 2004-09-30 Ibsa Inst Biochimique Sa PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS FOR THE SAFE ADMINISTRATION OF DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF DRUG ADDICTION AND PROCEDURE FOR THEIR OBTAINING
WO2006002886A1 (en) 2004-07-01 2006-01-12 Grünenthal GmbH Oral dosage form safeguarded against abuse containing (1r, 2r)-3-(3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl)-phenol
PL1765303T5 (en) 2004-07-01 2023-05-22 Grünenthal GmbH Oral dosage form safeguarded against abuse
AR049839A1 (en) 2004-07-01 2006-09-06 Gruenenthal Gmbh PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A SOLID PHARMACEUTICAL FORM, PROTECTED AGAINST ABUSE
DE102004032103A1 (en) 2004-07-01 2006-01-19 Grünenthal GmbH Anti-abuse, oral dosage form
DE102004032049A1 (en) 2004-07-01 2006-01-19 Grünenthal GmbH Anti-abuse, oral dosage form
CN101039655B (en) 2004-07-27 2010-06-02 荷兰联合利华有限公司 Hair care compositions
US20070077297A1 (en) 2004-09-30 2007-04-05 Scolr Pharma, Inc. Modified release ibuprofen dosage form
US20060068009A1 (en) 2004-09-30 2006-03-30 Scolr Pharma, Inc. Modified release ibuprofen dosage form
US20060177380A1 (en) 2004-11-24 2006-08-10 Acura Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Methods and compositions for deterring abuse of orally administered pharmaceutical products
US20070231268A1 (en) 2004-11-24 2007-10-04 Acura Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Methods and compositions for deterring abuse of orally administered pharmaceutical products
US20080152595A1 (en) 2004-11-24 2008-06-26 Acura Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Methods and compositions for deterring abuse of orally administered pharmaceutical products
RU2394581C2 (en) 2005-01-26 2010-07-20 Тайхо Фармасьютикал Ко., Лтд. ANTICANCER MEDICINE, CONTAINING α,α,α-TRIFLUOROTHYMIDINE AND THYMIDINE PHOSPHORYLASE INHIBITOR
KR20090029856A (en) 2005-01-28 2009-03-23 유로-셀띠끄 소시에떼 아노님 Alcohol resistant dosage forms
DE102005005449A1 (en) 2005-02-04 2006-08-10 Grünenthal GmbH Process for producing an anti-abuse dosage form
US7292616B2 (en) 2005-02-09 2007-11-06 Ultratech, Inc. CO2 laser stabilization systems and methods
WO2006084474A2 (en) 2005-02-10 2006-08-17 Lifecycle Pharma A/S A stable pharmaceutical composition comprising a fixed dose combination of fenofibrate and an hmg-coa reductase inhibitor
US20060194759A1 (en) 2005-02-25 2006-08-31 Eidelson Stewart G Topical compositions and methods for treating pain and inflammation
EP1695700A1 (en) 2005-02-28 2006-08-30 Euro-Celtique S.A. Dosage form containing oxycodone and naloxone
DE602006018208D1 (en) 2005-03-04 2010-12-23 Euro Celtique Sa Process for reducing alpha, beta-unsaturated ketones in opioid compositions
US7732427B2 (en) 2005-03-31 2010-06-08 University Of Delaware Multifunctional and biologically active matrices from multicomponent polymeric solutions
CN101227892B (en) 2005-04-08 2013-06-05 舌交付有限公司 Buccal delivery system
RU2405539C2 (en) 2005-05-10 2010-12-10 Новартис Аг Method of obtaining compositions by extrusion of resistant to pressing pharmaceutical substances
AU2006254554B2 (en) 2005-06-03 2011-11-24 Egalet Ltd A solid pharmaceutical composition with a first fraction of a dispersion medium and a second fraction of a matrix, the latter being at least partially first exposed to gastrointestinal fluids
WO2007005716A2 (en) 2005-06-30 2007-01-11 Cinergen, Llc Methods of treatment and compositions for use thereof
US8221792B2 (en) 2005-07-07 2012-07-17 Farnam Companies, Inc. Sustained release pharmaceutical compositions for highly water soluble drugs
DE102005032806A1 (en) 2005-07-12 2007-01-18 Röhm Gmbh Use of a partially neutralized, anionic (meth) acrylate copolymer as a coating for the preparation of a dosage form with a release of active ingredient at reduced pH values
US8858993B2 (en) 2005-07-25 2014-10-14 Metrics, Inc. Coated tablet with zero-order or near zero-order release kinetics
CN101232871A (en) 2005-08-03 2008-07-30 伊士曼化工公司 Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate powder and process for preparing same
JP5118973B2 (en) 2005-10-14 2013-01-16 学校法人北里研究所 New dihydropseudoerythromycin derivatives
US20070092573A1 (en) 2005-10-24 2007-04-26 Laxminarayan Joshi Stabilized extended release pharmaceutical compositions comprising a beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist
PL116330U1 (en) 2005-10-31 2007-04-02 Alza Corp Method for the reduction of alcohol provoked rapid increase in the released dose of the orally administered opioide with prolonged liberation
US9125833B2 (en) 2005-11-02 2015-09-08 Relmada Therapeutics, Inc. Multimodal abuse resistant and extended release opioid formulations
US8329744B2 (en) 2005-11-02 2012-12-11 Relmada Therapeutics, Inc. Methods of preventing the serotonin syndrome and compositions for use thereof
US8652529B2 (en) * 2005-11-10 2014-02-18 Flamel Technologies Anti-misuse microparticulate oral pharmaceutical form
FR2892937B1 (en) 2005-11-10 2013-04-05 Flamel Tech Sa MICROPARTICULAR ORAL PHARMACEUTICAL FORM ANTI-MEASURING
SG169334A1 (en) 2006-01-21 2011-03-30 Abbott Gmbh & Co Kg Dosage form and method for the delivery of drugs of abuse
US20090317355A1 (en) 2006-01-21 2009-12-24 Abbott Gmbh & Co. Kg, Abuse resistant melt extruded formulation having reduced alcohol interaction
US20090022798A1 (en) 2007-07-20 2009-01-22 Abbott Gmbh & Co. Kg Formulations of nonopioid and confined opioid analgesics
US20100172989A1 (en) 2006-01-21 2010-07-08 Abbott Laboratories Abuse resistant melt extruded formulation having reduced alcohol interaction
EP1813276A1 (en) 2006-01-27 2007-08-01 Euro-Celtique S.A. Tamper resistant dosage forms
ZA200807571B (en) 2006-03-01 2009-08-26 Ethypharm Sa Crush-resistant tablets intended to prevent accidental misuse and unlawful diversion
JP5695296B2 (en) 2006-03-02 2015-04-01 マリンクロッド エルエルシー Process for the production of morphinan-6-one products with low levels of alpha, beta-unsaturated ketone compounds
US20100226855A1 (en) 2006-03-02 2010-09-09 Spherics, Inc. Rate-Controlled Oral Dosage Formulations
US8173152B2 (en) 2006-03-24 2012-05-08 Auxilium Us Holdings, Llc Stabilized compositions containing alkaline labile drugs
JP5336351B2 (en) 2006-03-24 2013-11-06 オクシリウム インターナショナル ホールディングス，インコーポレイティド Method for preparing hot melt extruded laminate
US20070224637A1 (en) 2006-03-24 2007-09-27 Mcauliffe Joseph C Oxidative protection of lipid layer biosensors
US10960077B2 (en) 2006-05-12 2021-03-30 Intellipharmaceutics Corp. Abuse and alcohol resistant drug composition
US9023400B2 (en) 2006-05-24 2015-05-05 Flamel Technologies Prolonged-release multimicroparticulate oral pharmaceutical form
US20070292508A1 (en) 2006-06-05 2007-12-20 Balchem Corporation Orally disintegrating dosage forms
US20080069891A1 (en) 2006-09-15 2008-03-20 Cima Labs, Inc. Abuse resistant drug formulation
CN101091721A (en) 2006-06-22 2007-12-26 孙明 Method for preparing new type asshide
JP4029109B1 (en) 2006-07-18 2008-01-09 タマ生化学株式会社 Complex powder of vitamin E and proline and method for producing the same
CA2671200A1 (en) 2006-07-21 2008-01-24 Lab International Srl Hydrophilic abuse deterrent delivery system
SA07280459B1 (en) 2006-08-25 2011-07-20 بيورديو فارما إل. بي. Tamper Resistant Oral Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms Comprising an Opioid Analgesic
US8445018B2 (en) 2006-09-15 2013-05-21 Cima Labs Inc. Abuse resistant drug formulation
US8187636B2 (en) 2006-09-25 2012-05-29 Atlantic Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Dosage forms for tamper prone therapeutic agents
KR101400824B1 (en) 2006-09-25 2014-05-29 후지필름 가부시키가이샤 Resist composition, resin for use in the resist composition, compound for use in the synthesis of the resin, and pattern-forming method usign the resist composition
US20080085304A1 (en) 2006-10-10 2008-04-10 Penwest Pharmaceuticals Co. Robust sustained release formulations
GB0624880D0 (en) 2006-12-14 2007-01-24 Johnson Matthey Plc Improved method for making analgesics
DE102006062120A1 (en) 2006-12-22 2008-06-26 Grünenthal GmbH Pharmaceutical composition for acne treatment
CA2930487A1 (en) 2007-01-16 2008-07-24 Egalet Ltd. Use of i) a polyglycol and ii) an active drug substance for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for i)mitigating the risk of alcohol induced dose dumping and/or ii) reducing the risk of drug abuse
WO2008094877A2 (en) 2007-01-30 2008-08-07 Drugtech Corporation Compositions for oral delivery of pharmaceuticals
CN100579525C (en) 2007-02-02 2010-01-13 东南大学 Sustained release preparation of licardipine hydrochloride and its preparing process
CN101057849A (en) 2007-02-27 2007-10-24 齐齐哈尔医学院 Slow-releasing preparation containing metformin hydrochloride and glipizide and its preparation method
EP2144599B1 (en) 2007-03-02 2010-08-04 Farnam Companies, Inc. Sustained release pellets comprising wax-like material
DE102007011485A1 (en) 2007-03-07 2008-09-11 Grünenthal GmbH Dosage form with more difficult abuse
EP1980245A1 (en) 2007-04-11 2008-10-15 Cephalon France Bilayer lyophilized pharmaceutical compositions and methods of making and using same
US20080260836A1 (en) 2007-04-18 2008-10-23 Thomas James Boyd Films Comprising a Plurality of Polymers
WO2008132707A1 (en) 2007-04-26 2008-11-06 Sigmoid Pharma Limited Manufacture of multiple minicapsules
US20110020408A1 (en) 2007-05-17 2011-01-27 Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited multilayered modified release formulation comprising amoxicillin and clavulanate
US8202542B1 (en) 2007-05-31 2012-06-19 Tris Pharma Abuse resistant opioid drug-ion exchange resin complexes having hybrid coatings
US8821928B2 (en) 2007-06-04 2014-09-02 Egalet Ltd. Controlled release pharmaceutical compositions for prolonged effect
US20100035886A1 (en) 2007-06-21 2010-02-11 Veroscience, Llc Parenteral formulations of dopamine agonists
DE102007030308A1 (en) 2007-06-29 2009-01-02 Printed Systems Gmbh Method for producing a memory structure
WO2009005803A1 (en) 2007-07-01 2009-01-08 Joseph Peter Habboushe Combination tablet with chewable outer layer
NZ581767A (en) 2007-07-20 2012-05-25 Abbott Gmbh & Co Kg Formulations of nonopioid and confined opioid analgesics
EP2200591A2 (en) 2007-09-11 2010-06-30 Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited Controlled release pharmaceutical dosage forms of trimetazidine
HUE032012T2 (en) 2007-09-13 2017-08-28 Cima Labs Inc Abuse resistant drug formulation
WO2009051819A1 (en) 2007-10-17 2009-04-23 Axxia Pharmaceuticals, Llc Polymeric drug delivery systems and thermoplastic extrusion processes for producing such systems
ES2619329T3 (en) 2007-11-23 2017-06-26 Grünenthal GmbH Tapentadol compositions
AU2008347158B8 (en) 2007-12-06 2013-08-22 Durect Corporation Oral pharmaceutical dosage forms
JP5646340B2 (en) 2007-12-12 2014-12-24 ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピアＢａｓｆ Ｓｅ Salts of polymeric counter ions and active ingredients
EP2219612A4 (en) 2007-12-17 2013-10-30 Paladin Labs Inc Misuse preventative, controlled release formulation
BRPI0906467C1 (en) 2008-01-25 2021-05-25 Gruenenthal Gmbh pharmaceutical dosage form with modified tear-resistant outer shape and controlled release
KR100970665B1 (en) 2008-02-04 2010-07-15 삼일제약주식회사 Sustained release tablet containing alfuzosin or its salt
AU2009220779A1 (en) 2008-03-05 2009-09-11 Panacea Biotec Limited Modified release pharmaceutical compositions comprising mycophenolate and processes thereof
US8372432B2 (en) 2008-03-11 2013-02-12 Depomed, Inc. Gastric retentive extended-release dosage forms comprising combinations of a non-opioid analgesic and an opioid analgesic
EP2100598A1 (en) * 2008-03-13 2009-09-16 Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. Inhalation composition containing aclidinium for treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
KR101690094B1 (en) 2008-05-09 2016-12-27 그뤼넨탈 게엠베하 Process for the preparation of an intermediate powder formulation and a final solid dosage form under usage of a spray congealing step
AU2009266833B2 (en) 2008-07-03 2013-01-31 Novartis Ag Melt granulation process
MX2011001864A (en) 2008-08-20 2011-06-20 Univ Texas Hot-melt extrusion of modified release multi-particulates.
WO2010044842A1 (en) 2008-10-16 2010-04-22 University Of Tennessee Research Foundation Tamper resistant oral dosage forms containing an embolizing agent
JP5713911B2 (en) 2008-10-27 2015-05-07 アルザ・コーポレーシヨン Extended-release oral acetaminophen / tramadol dosage form
WO2010057036A2 (en) 2008-11-14 2010-05-20 Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Solid composition for controlled release of ionizable active agents with poor aqueous solubility at low ph and methods of use thereof
PL2379111T3 (en) 2008-12-12 2013-08-30 Paladin Labs Inc Narcotic drug formulations with decreased abuse potential
EP2367541B1 (en) 2008-12-16 2014-07-16 Paladin Labs Inc. Misuse preventative, controlled release formulation
CA2750400A1 (en) 2009-01-26 2010-07-29 Egalet A/S Controlled release formulations with continuous efficacy
EP3184105A1 (en) 2009-02-06 2017-06-28 Egalet Ltd. Pharmaceutical compositions resistant to abuse
CA2755808C (en) 2009-03-18 2016-01-19 Evonik Roehm Gmbh Controlled release pharmaceutical composition with resistance against the influence of ethanol employing a coating comprising neutral vinyl polymers and excipients
EP2246063A1 (en) 2009-04-29 2010-11-03 Ipsen Pharma S.A.S. Sustained release formulations comprising GnRH analogues
GB0909680D0 (en) 2009-06-05 2009-07-22 Euro Celtique Sa Dosage form
EP2445487A2 (en) 2009-06-24 2012-05-02 Egalet Ltd. Controlled release formulations
WO2011008298A2 (en) 2009-07-16 2011-01-20 Nectid, Inc. Novel axomadol dosage forms
WO2011009604A1 (en) 2009-07-22 2011-01-27 Grünenthal GmbH Oxidation-stabilized tamper-resistant dosage form
PE20121067A1 (en) 2009-07-22 2012-09-05 Gruenenthal Chemie CONTROLLED RELEASE DOSAGE FORM EXTRUDED BY HOT MELTING
AU2010300641B2 (en) 2009-09-30 2016-03-17 Acura Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Methods and compositions for deterring abuse
EP2506838A1 (en) 2009-12-01 2012-10-10 Noven Pharmaceuticals, INC. Transdermal testosterone device and delivery
ES2606227T3 (en) 2010-02-03 2017-03-23 Grünenthal GmbH Preparation of a pharmaceutical powder composition by an extruder
MX339408B (en) 2010-03-09 2016-05-24 Alkermes Pharma Ireland Ltd Alcohol resistant enteric pharmaceutical compositions.
US8481560B2 (en) 2010-04-02 2013-07-09 Alltranz Inc. Abuse deterrent transdermal formulations of opiate agonists and agonist-antagonists
GB201006200D0 (en) 2010-04-14 2010-06-02 Ayanda As Composition
WO2011133980A1 (en) 2010-04-23 2011-10-27 Subhash Desai Therapeutic formulation for reduced drug side effects
FR2960775A1 (en) 2010-06-07 2011-12-09 Ethypharm Sa MICROGRANULES RESISTANT TO MISMATCH
CA2808541C (en) 2010-09-02 2019-01-08 Gruenenthal Gmbh Tamper resistant dosage form comprising an anionic polymer
WO2012028319A1 (en) 2010-09-02 2012-03-08 Grünenthal GmbH Tamper resistant dosage form comprising inorganic salt
CN103179956A (en) * 2010-09-02 2013-06-26 格吕伦塔尔有限公司 Tamper resistant dosage form comprising an anionic polymer
EP2635258A1 (en) 2010-11-04 2013-09-11 AbbVie Inc. Drug formulations
US20120231083A1 (en) 2010-11-18 2012-09-13 The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois Sustained release cannabinoid medicaments
GB201020895D0 (en) 2010-12-09 2011-01-26 Euro Celtique Sa Dosage form
JP5638151B2 (en) 2010-12-23 2014-12-10 パーデュー、ファーマ、リミテッド、パートナーシップ Tamper resistant solid oral dosage form
CN103476401A (en) 2011-02-17 2013-12-25 Qrx制药有限公司 Technology for preventing abuse of solid dosage forms
SI2680832T1 (en) 2011-03-04 2019-11-29 Gruenenthal Gmbh Aqueous pharmaceutical formulation of tapentadol for oral administration
US8858963B1 (en) 2011-05-17 2014-10-14 Mallinckrodt Llc Tamper resistant composition comprising hydrocodone and acetaminophen for rapid onset and extended duration of analgesia
JP6042880B2 (en) 2011-06-01 2016-12-14 エフ エム シー コーポレーションＦｍｃ Ｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｉｏｎ Controlled release solid dosage form
WO2013003845A1 (en) 2011-06-30 2013-01-03 Neos Therapeutics, Lp Abuse resistant drug forms
KR20140053158A (en) 2011-07-29 2014-05-07 그뤼넨탈 게엠베하 Tamper-resistant tablet providing immediate drug release
AR087360A1 (en) 2011-07-29 2014-03-19 Gruenenthal Gmbh PROOF OF HANDLING TABLET PROVIDING IMMEDIATE RELEASE OF PHARMACY
FR2979242A1 (en) 2011-08-29 2013-03-01 Sanofi Sa COMPRESSES AGAINST ABUSIVE USE, BASED ON PARACETAMOL AND OXYCODONE
CN103998025A (en) 2011-10-06 2014-08-20 格吕伦塔尔有限公司 Tamper-resistant oral pharmaceutical dosage form comprising opioid agonist and opioid antagonist
US20130129826A1 (en) 2011-11-17 2013-05-23 Gruenenthal Gmbh Tamper-resistant oral pharmaceutical dosage form comprising opioid antagonist and/or aversive agent, polyalkylene oxide and anionic polymer
CN107854434A (en) 2011-12-09 2018-03-30 普渡制药公司 Include poly- (ε caprolactones) and polyoxyethylated pharmaceutical dosage form
US20130225625A1 (en) 2012-02-28 2013-08-29 Grunenthal Gmbh Tamper-resistant pharmaceutical dosage form comprising nonionic surfactant
CA2864949A1 (en) 2012-02-28 2013-09-06 Grunenthal Gmbh Tamper-resistant dosage form comprising pharmacologically active compound and anionic polymer
JP6199321B2 (en) 2012-03-02 2017-09-20 ローズ ファーマシューティカルズ エル．ピー． Improper use resistant immediate release formulation
JP6282261B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2018-02-21 グリュネンタール・ゲゼルシャフト・ミト・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツング Unauthorized use and overdose prevention pharmaceutical dosage forms
MX357783B (en) 2012-05-11 2018-07-25 Gruenenthal Gmbh Thermoformed, tamper-resistant pharmaceutical dosage form containing zinc.
US10064945B2 (en) 2012-05-11 2018-09-04 Gruenenthal Gmbh Thermoformed, tamper-resistant pharmaceutical dosage form containing zinc
CA2888278A1 (en) 2012-10-15 2014-04-24 Isa Odidi Oral drug delivery formulations
CN105209021A (en) 2013-03-15 2015-12-30 马林克罗特有限公司 Compositions comprising an opioid and an additional active pharmaceutical ingredient for rapid onset and extended duration of analgesia that may be administered without regard to food
EP3003279A1 (en) 2013-05-29 2016-04-13 Grünenthal GmbH Tamper-resistant dosage form containing one or more particles
CA2913209A1 (en) 2013-05-29 2014-12-04 Grunenthal Gmbh Tamper resistant dosage form with bimodal release profile
CA2817728A1 (en) 2013-05-31 2014-11-30 Pharmascience Inc. Abuse deterrent immediate release formulation
AU2014289187B2 (en) 2013-07-12 2019-07-11 Grunenthal Gmbh Tamper-resistant dosage form containing ethylene-vinyl acetate polymer
US9770514B2 (en) 2013-09-03 2017-09-26 ExxPharma Therapeutics LLC Tamper-resistant pharmaceutical dosage forms
US20150118300A1 (en) 2013-10-31 2015-04-30 Cima Labs Inc. Immediate Release Abuse-Deterrent Granulated Dosage Forms
US10744131B2 (en) 2013-12-31 2020-08-18 Kashiv Biosciences, Llc Abuse-resistant drug formulations
US20160089439A1 (en) 2014-09-28 2016-03-31 Satara Pharmaceuticals, LLC Prevention of Illicit Manufacutre of Methamphetamine from Pseudoephedrine Using Food Flavor Excipients

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9216176B2 (en) 2006-09-15 2015-12-22 Cima Labs Inc. Abuse resistant drug formulation
US9861629B1 (en) 2015-10-07 2018-01-09 Banner Life Sciences Llc Opioid abuse deterrent dosage forms
US9943513B1 (en) 2015-10-07 2018-04-17 Banner Life Sciences Llc Opioid abuse deterrent dosage forms
US10478429B2 (en) 2015-10-07 2019-11-19 Patheon Softgels, Inc. Abuse deterrent dosage forms
US10335405B1 (en) 2016-05-04 2019-07-02 Patheon Softgels, Inc. Non-burst releasing pharmaceutical composition
US10335375B2 (en) 2017-05-30 2019-07-02 Patheon Softgels, Inc. Anti-overingestion abuse deterrent compositions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HK1095082A1 (en) 2007-04-27
HK1115051A1 (en) 2008-11-21
US20140080858A1 (en) 2014-03-20
DK1658055T3 (en) 2007-07-02
DK1859789T3 (en) 2016-04-11
CA2534932A1 (en) 2005-02-24
ES2285497T3 (en) 2007-11-16
HK1095081A1 (en) 2007-04-27
NZ545200A (en) 2009-11-27
AR045352A1 (en) 2005-10-26
IL173478A (en) 2011-02-28
EP1859789B1 (en) 2016-02-17
HUE027301T2 (en) 2016-10-28
PT1658055E (en) 2007-07-24
NO338235B1 (en) 2016-08-08
US20200188333A1 (en) 2020-06-18
EP1658055A1 (en) 2006-05-24
IL173478A0 (en) 2006-06-11
ES2572166T3 (en) 2016-05-30
KR101266925B1 (en) 2013-05-31
US20170000739A1 (en) 2017-01-05
NO20061055L (en) 2006-03-03
CN100577150C (en) 2010-01-06
PL1859789T3 (en) 2016-08-31
ZA200601087B (en) 2007-04-25
CY1107644T1 (en) 2013-04-18
EP1859789A1 (en) 2007-11-28
JP4939218B2 (en) 2012-05-23
CN1863513A (en) 2006-11-15
US20160074388A1 (en) 2016-03-17
CN1863514A (en) 2006-11-15
ECSP066346A (en) 2006-08-30
US20050031546A1 (en) 2005-02-10
EP1658055B1 (en) 2007-03-14
PL1658055T3 (en) 2007-08-31
JP2007501202A (en) 2007-01-25
US8114383B2 (en) 2012-02-14
US20160361308A1 (en) 2016-12-15
AU2004264667A1 (en) 2005-02-24
CL2004002017A1 (en) 2005-05-20
RU2006106726A (en) 2007-12-20
US8309060B2 (en) 2012-11-13
PE20050353A1 (en) 2005-07-10
DE10336400A1 (en) 2005-03-24
ZA200601090B (en) 2007-05-30
US20140080915A1 (en) 2014-03-20
US20060193782A1 (en) 2006-08-31
HRP20070272T3 (en) 2007-07-31
DE502004003234D1 (en) 2007-04-26
BRPI0413318A (en) 2006-10-10
US20080247959A1 (en) 2008-10-09
BRPI0413318B1 (en) 2019-05-14
US20190029976A1 (en) 2019-01-31
RU2354357C2 (en) 2009-05-10
CN1863513B (en) 2013-01-16
ATE356618T1 (en) 2007-04-15
AU2004264667B2 (en) 2008-11-06
US20120251637A1 (en) 2012-10-04
KR20060069832A (en) 2006-06-22
US20170027886A1 (en) 2017-02-02
US10130591B2 (en) 2018-11-20
WO2005016314A1 (en) 2005-02-24
SI1658055T1 (en) 2007-08-31
US20120107250A1 (en) 2012-05-03
BRPI0413318B8 (en) 2021-05-25
CY1117294T1 (en) 2017-04-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US10130591B2 (en) Abuse-proofed dosage form
US10729658B2 (en) Process for the production of an abuse-proofed dosage form
US20180243237A1 (en) Abuse-proofed dosage form
US8420056B2 (en) Abuse-proofed dosage form
US20130320592A1 (en) Process for the production of an abuse-proofed dosage form
IL180335A (en) Method for producing a solid dosage form, which is safeguarded against abuse, while using a planetary gear extruder

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: GRUENENTHAL GMBH, GERMANY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BARTHOLOMAEUS, JOHANNES, DR.;KUGELMANN, HEINRICH, DR.;ARKENAU-MARIC, ELISABETH, DR.;SIGNING DATES FROM 20150530 TO 20150815;REEL/FRAME:036407/0464

Owner name: GRUENENTHAL GMBH, GERMANY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BARTHOLOMAEUS, JOHANNES, DR.;KUGELMANN, HEINRICH, DR.;ARKENAU-MARIC, ELISABETH, DR.;SIGNING DATES FROM 20150530 TO 20150815;REEL/FRAME:036415/0350

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION