US20130081419A1 - Heat pump cycle - Google Patents

Heat pump cycle Download PDF

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Publication number
US20130081419A1
US20130081419A1 US13/703,216 US201113703216A US2013081419A1 US 20130081419 A1 US20130081419 A1 US 20130081419A1 US 201113703216 A US201113703216 A US 201113703216A US 2013081419 A1 US2013081419 A1 US 2013081419A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
heat
heat exchanger
refrigerant
cooling fluid
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/703,216
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English (en)
Inventor
Yoshiki Katoh
Satoshi Itoh
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Denso Corp
Original Assignee
Denso Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Denso Corp filed Critical Denso Corp
Assigned to DENSO CORPORATION reassignment DENSO CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ITOH, SATOSHI, KATOH, YOSHIKI
Publication of US20130081419A1 publication Critical patent/US20130081419A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
    • B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
    • B60H1/004—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for vehicles having a combustion engine and electric drive means, e.g. hybrid electric vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
    • F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
    • F25B47/022—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting
    • F25B47/025—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting by reversing the cycle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
    • B60H1/00921—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system where the flow direction of the refrigerant does not change and there is an extra subcondenser, e.g. in an air duct
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
    • F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H2001/00949—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising additional heating/cooling sources, e.g. second evaporator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H2001/00961—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising means for defrosting outside heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
    • F25B2400/0411—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means for the expansion valve or capillary tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity

Definitions

  • the flow direction of refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant tube is the same as that of refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant tube during the cooling operation.
  • the positional relationship between a heat exchange region on a refrigerant inlet side of the outdoor heat exchanger and a heat exchange region on a refrigerant outlet side thereof does not change between the heating operation and the cooling operation.
  • the heat pump cycle can prevent the passenger from feeling unsatisfied with heating.
  • blower decreases its blowing capacity, which can prevent the passenger from feeling unsatisfied with heating.
  • the heat exchange fluid is air blown into the vehicle interior
  • the external heat source may be a vehicle-mounted device generating heat in operation
  • the cooling fluid may be a coolant for cooling the vehicle-mounted device
  • the frost formation determination portion may determines that the frost is formed at the outdoor heat exchanger when a vehicle speed is equal to or less than a predetermined reference speed and when a temperature of the refrigerant on an outlet side of the outdoor heat exchanger is equal to or less than 0° C.
  • the cooling fluid circuit switching device may perform switching to a cooling fluid circuit for flowing the cooling fluid into the heat-dissipation heat exchanger when the frost is determined to be formed at the outdoor heat exchanger by the frost formation determination portion.
  • the heat supplied from the external heat source can be used more effectively to defrost the outdoor heat exchanger during the defrosting operation.
  • the air in application to an air conditioner for a vehicle, the air can be heated by the user-side heat exchanger to achieve the heating of the vehicle interior.
  • the air can be heated by an auxiliary heater.
  • This arrangement can suppress the reduction in temperature of the air blown into the vehicle interior and thus can prevent the passenger from feeling unsatisfied with heating.
  • FIG. 3 is an overall schematic diagram showing refrigerant flow in a waste heat collecting operation of the heat pump cycle according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a detail structure of an indoor air conditioning unit according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is an overall schematic diagram showing refrigerant flow in a heating operation of a heat pump cycle according to a second embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is an overall schematic diagram showing refrigerant flow in a defrosting operation of a heat pump cycle according to a fourth embodiment.
  • FIG. 13 is an exemplary perspective view for explaining the flow of refrigerant and the flow of coolant in the heat exchanger structure according to the sixth embodiment.
  • FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing another control flow of the vehicle interior linkage control according to the seventh embodiment.
  • FIG. 21 is an overall schematic diagram showing refrigerant flow in a defrosting operation of a heat pump cycle according to an eleventh embodiment.
  • the compressor 11 is positioned in an engine room, and is to suck, compress, and discharge the refrigerant in the heat pump cycle 10 .
  • the compressor is an electric compressor which drives a fixed displacement compressor 11 a having a fixed discharge capacity by use of an electric motor 11 b .
  • various types of compression mechanisms such as a scroll type compression mechanism, or a vane compression mechanism, can be employed as the fixed displacement compressor 11 a.
  • the accumulator 18 is a gas-liquid separator for the low-pressure side refrigerant that separates the refrigerant flowing thereinto into liquid and gas phases, and which stores therein the excessive refrigerant within the cycle.
  • a vapor-phase refrigerant outlet of the accumulator 18 is coupled to a suction side of the compressor 11 .
  • the accumulator 18 serves to suppress the suction of the liquid-phase refrigerant into the compressor 11 to thereby prevent the compression of the liquid in the compressor 11 .
  • FIG. 5 shows an enlarged detailed configuration diagram, representing the indoor air conditioning unit 30 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 .
  • the indoor air conditioning unit 30 is disposed inside a gauge board (instrument panel) at the forefront of the vehicle compartment.
  • the unit 30 accommodates in a casing 31 serving as an outer envelope, a blower 32 , the above-mentioned indoor condenser 12 , and the indoor evaporator 20 .
  • the inside/outside air switch 33 is provided with the inside air inlet for introducing the inside air into the casing 31 , and the outside air inlet for introducing the outside air thereinto.
  • the inside/outside air switching door is positioned inside the inside/outside air switch 33 to continuously adjust the opening areas of the inside air inlet and the outside air inlet to thereby change the ratio of volume of the inside air to that of the outside air.
  • the inside/outside air switching door is driven by an electric actuator (not shown) whose operation is controlled by a control signal output from an air conditioning controller.
  • the coolant pump 41 is an electric pump for squeezing the coolant into a coolant passage formed within the electric motor MG for traveling in the coolant circulation circuit 40 , and whose number of revolutions (flow rate) is controlled by a control signal output from the air conditioning controller.
  • the coolant pump 41 serves as a cooling capacity adjustment portion for adjusting the cooling capacity by changing the flow rate of the coolant for cooling the electric motor MG for traveling.
  • the outer fin 50 in use is a corrugated fin formed by bending a thin metal plate with excellent heat conductivity in a wave shape.
  • a part of the outer fin 50 disposed in the heat-absorption air passage serves to promote the heat exchange between the refrigerant and the outside air, and another part thereof disposed in the heat-dissipation air passage serves to promote the heat exchange between the coolant and the outside air.
  • a group of various sensors for control of air conditioning is coupled to the input side of the air conditioning controller.
  • the sensors include an inside air sensor serving as inside air temperature detection portion for detecting a temperature of the vehicle interior, an outside air sensor for detecting a temperature of the outside air, a solar radiation sensor for detecting an amount of solar radiation in the vehicle interior, and an evaporator temperature sensor for detecting a temperature of blown air from the indoor evaporator 20 (evaporator temperature).
  • the air conditioning controller with the above refrigerant flow path and cooling fluid circuit reads a detection signal from the sensor group for the air conditioning control and an operation signal from the operation panel. Based on the detection signal and the operation signal, a target outlet air temperature TAO is calculated as the target temperature of the air to be blown into the vehicle interior. Further, the operating states of various air conditioning control components connected to the output side of the air conditioning controller are determined based on the calculated target outlet air temperature TAO and the detection signal from the sensor group.
  • the control signal to be output to the electric motor of the compressor 11 is determined such that the blown air temperature of the air blown from the indoor evaporator 20 approaches the target evaporator outlet air temperature TEO by use of a feedback control method.
  • the control signal to be output to the servo motor of the air mix door 34 is determined based on the target outlet air temperature TAO, the blown air temperature of the indoor evaporator 20 , and the temperature of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 detected by the discharge refrigerant temperature sensor such that the temperature of air blown into the vehicle interior becomes a desired temperature set by the passenger using the vehicle indoor temperature setting switch.
  • the heat contained in the coolant flowing through the cooling fluid tubes 43 a of the radiator 43 is transferred to the heat-absorption air passages 16 b of the outdoor heat exchanger 16 via the outer fins 50 , whereby the defrosting operation of the outdoor heat exchanger 16 is carried out. That is, the defrosting is achieved which can effectively use the waste heat of the electric motor MG for traveling.
  • the high-pressure and high-temperature refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 heats the air in the vehicle interior at the indoor condenser 12 , and is then decompressed and expanded by the fixed throttle 13 for heating to flow into the outdoor heat exchanger 16 in the same way as in the normal heating operation.
  • the operation of the blower fan 17 is stopped to decrease the volume of outside air flowing into the heat-absorption air passages 16 b and the heat dissipation air passage 43 b (specifically, set to zero (0)), which can prevent the heat transmitted to the outdoor heat exchanger 16 via the outer fins 50 from being absorbed in the outside air flowing through the heat-absorption air passages 16 b and the heat-dissipation air passage 43 b .
  • the waste heat of the electric motor MG for traveling can be used more effectively to defrost the outdoor heat exchanger 16 in the defrosting operation.
  • the refrigerant tubes 16 a of the outdoor heat exchanger 16 are arranged in two lines and the cooling fluid tubes 43 a of the radiator 43 are also arranged in two lines, in the flow direction X of the outside air blown by the blower fan 17 . Further, the refrigerant tubes 16 a and the cooling fluid tubes 43 a are alternately arranged and laminated over each other.
  • a refrigerant communication space that can communicate the two-lined the refrigerant tubes 16 a together in the flow direction X of the outside air is formed by the recesses 432 b provided in the cooling fluid side intermediate plate 432 between the cooling fluid side connection plate 431 and the cooling fluid side intermediate plate 432 .
  • the refrigerants flowing from the refrigerant tubes 16 a disposed on the windward side are collected into the collection space 163 a of the refrigerant side tank 16 c , and then flow from the refrigerant outlet pipe 165 . That is, in the heat exchanger structure 70 of this embodiment, the refrigerant flows turning around from the refrigerant tubes 16 a on the leeward side to the cooling fluid side tank 43 c , and the refrigerant tubes 16 a on the windward side in that order.
  • the coolant flows turning around from the cooling fluid tubes 43 a on the windward side to the refrigerant side tank 16 c , and the cooling fluid tubes 43 a on the leeward side in that order.
  • the structures and operations of other components in this embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment. Even the operation of the air conditioning 1 for the vehicle of this embodiment can provide the same effects as those of the first embodiment.
  • This embodiment in another aspect includes the above heat pump cycle, a frost formation determination portion for determining the frost formation of the outdoor heat exchanger, and a casing for accommodating therein the user-side heat exchanger and for forming an air passage.
  • An air outlet mode switching device is disposed in the casing to switch among air outlet modes by changing opening/closing states of a plurality of air outlets for blowing the air into the vehicle interior.
  • a foot air outlet is provided for blowing the air toward at least the foot of a passenger.
  • the cooling fluid circuit switching device performs switching to a cooling fluid circuit for flowing the cooling fluid to the heat dissipation heat exchanger.
  • the air outlet mode switching device can perform switching to the air outlet mode for blowing the air from the foot air outlet.
  • this embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that a variable throttle 83 for heating is employed which is capable of changing the opening degree of throttle as a decompression device for the heating operation.
  • the variable throttle 83 for heating includes a valve body whose throttle opening degree is variable, and an electric actuator comprised of a stepping motor for changing the throttle opening degree of the valve body.
  • the variable throttle 83 has its operation controlled by a control signal output from the air conditioning controller.
  • FIG. 19 is an entire configuration diagram of the heat pump cycle 10 in the defrosting operation according to this embodiment, which corresponds to FIG. 2 of the first embodiment.
  • the air conditioning controller fully opens the valve opening degree of the outflow rate adjustment valve 84 in the heating operation, the waste heat collection operation, and the cooling operation, and reduces the valve opening degree of the outflow rate adjustment valve 84 in the defrosting operation as compared to in the heating operation, the waste heat collecting operation, and the cooling operation.
  • an inflow rate of the refrigerant flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 16 is decreased as compared to before the transfer to the defrosting operation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
US13/703,216 2010-06-10 2011-06-09 Heat pump cycle Abandoned US20130081419A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2010132891 2010-06-10
JP2010-132891 2010-06-10
JP2011123199A JP5751028B2 (ja) 2010-06-10 2011-06-01 ヒートポンプサイクル
JP2011-123199 2011-06-01
PCT/JP2011/003257 WO2011155204A1 (ja) 2010-06-10 2011-06-09 ヒートポンプサイクル

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20130081419A1 true US20130081419A1 (en) 2013-04-04

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/703,216 Abandoned US20130081419A1 (en) 2010-06-10 2011-06-09 Heat pump cycle

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US (1) US20130081419A1 (ja)
JP (1) JP5751028B2 (ja)
CN (1) CN102933924B (ja)
DE (1) DE112011101957B4 (ja)
WO (1) WO2011155204A1 (ja)

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US9506683B2 (en) 2011-12-05 2016-11-29 Denso Corporation Heat exchanger and heat pump cycle provided with the same
US9605883B2 (en) 2011-12-05 2017-03-28 Denso Corporation Heat pump cycle
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