CN112888586A - 用于运行电动车辆的热泵的方法 - Google Patents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
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- B60H1/321—Control means therefor for preventing the freezing of a heat exchanger
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- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
- B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
- B60H1/00392—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for electric vehicles having only electric drive means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00735—Control systems or circuits characterised by their input, i.e. by the detection, measurement or calculation of particular conditions, e.g. signal treatment, dynamic models
- B60H1/00764—Control systems or circuits characterised by their input, i.e. by the detection, measurement or calculation of particular conditions, e.g. signal treatment, dynamic models the input being a vehicle driving condition, e.g. speed
- B60H1/00771—Control systems or circuits characterised by their input, i.e. by the detection, measurement or calculation of particular conditions, e.g. signal treatment, dynamic models the input being a vehicle driving condition, e.g. speed the input being a vehicle position or surrounding, e.g. GPS-based position or tunnel
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- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00821—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being ventilating, air admitting or air distributing devices
- B60H1/00828—Ventilators, e.g. speed control
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/14—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit
- B60H1/143—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit the heat being derived from cooling an electric component, e.g. electric motors, electric circuits, fuel cells or batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
- B60H1/2218—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters controlling the operation of electric heaters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H2001/00961—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising means for defrosting outside heat exchangers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H2001/3236—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained
- B60H2001/3239—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained related to flow
- B60H2001/3241—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained related to flow of air
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种电动车辆的外部空气换热器的除霜的方法。与传统奉行的原则、电动车辆中的以尽可能低的功率运行的系统不同,根据本发明,将用于除霜的高功率用于降低除霜时间,并由此降低热量损耗。
Description
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分所述的用于运行电动车辆的热泵的方法。
换热器在电动车辆的领域中被广泛使用,例如用于车辆的空气调节。在该功能中已知的是,换热器被设计成热泵的一部分,利用所述热泵从外部空气获得热量以进行车辆的空气调节。
然而在这种热泵中存在的问题是,在外部温度较低时换热器易于结冰,这是因为换热器为了实现热量传递所需的温度差而必须非常冷,尤其必须比环境更冷。因此,除霜是必要的,而除霜又可能非常耗能。如果在除霜过程中仍有外部空气到达换热器并且为除霜所提供的热能被外部空气吸收,则除霜变得更加耗能。这尤其在电动车辆的情况下表现为关于续航里程方面的问题。
例如由DE 10 2012 207 925 A1已知一种用于控制车辆上的除冰装置的方法。在此,记录车辆的按计划的使用开启、记录车辆驻地的气象信息、确定除冰的必要性并确定除冰的许可,从而结束除冰以进行按计划的使用开启。
DE 10 2014 102 078 A1描述了另一种通过从热泵模式切换至除霜模式来对车辆的空调设备的换热器除霜的方法。在该方法中,在车辆静止和低速行驶时进行除霜。
当前本发明所要解决的技术问题在于,提供一种技术方案,利用该技术方案能够在电动车辆中实现结冰后对换热器进行经济且有效的除霜。
所述技术问题通过独立权利要求1的技术方案解决。本发明的另外的优选设计方案由在从属权利要求中提到的其余特征得出。
本发明的第一方面涉及一种用于运行电动车辆的热泵的方法,其中运行中的热泵包括外部空气换热器,并且其中所述热泵至少暂时在运行模式下工作,在该运行模式下在所述外部空气换热器处结冰或结霜,并且随后为所述外部空气换热器除霜。
根据本发明规定,以至少1kW的加热功率进行除霜。
所述加热功率优选为至少3kW,进一步优选为至少5kW。
与传统奉行的原则、电动车辆中的以尽可能低的功率运行的系统不同,申请人的实验表明,根据本发明,用于除霜的高功率能够降低除霜时间,使得仍实现尽可能大的总体效益。在此积极作用的是,由于非常迅速的除霜,显著降低行驶期间在外部空气换热器周围流动的外部空气的量,并由此显著减少热量损耗。
在本发明方法的一种优选设计方式中规定,为了对外部空气换热器除霜,热泵在运行模式下工作,在所述运行模式下,从车辆的电池或其他动力牵引部件获取热量。
通过从电池获取热量,优选地通过电池中或者例如经由换热器连接电池或动力牵引部件的二次水回路中的制冷剂的蒸发,可相对于另外的热源显著提高功率。在此,与例如环境空气相比普遍提高的电池的温度水平尤其是有利的。同样,电池或电动机的热量很大,从而能够在较长时间内获取高功率,而部件不明显冷却。能够获取热量时所处的高的温度水平通过提高的吸气压力而有利于可供使用的功率。
在本发明的方法的另一种优选的设计方式中规定,通过车辆的动力牵引部件的冷却系统中的电加热元件来补偿至少通过热泵获取的功率,从而避免动力牵引部件的冷却。
由此,因为通过电加热器输入热量,从而可在不影响动力牵引部件的情况下获取热量。
在本发明的方法的备选的优选设计方式中规定,为了对外部空气换热器除霜,热泵在运行模式下工作,在所述运行模式下将热空气从热泵的压缩机引入到外部空气换热器中,其中在外部空气换热器的放热与重新压缩之间,最多30%的质量份额(或质量分数)在节流后经历蒸发(或汽化)。
该备选变型方式不使用额外的热源,这是因为仅使用被压缩机消耗的电功率。当例如动力牵引部件出于能效(或效率)或使用寿命的原因而不应再被继续冷却时,该方法是有意义的。
在本发明方法的备选的优选设计方式中规定,为了对外部空气换热器除霜,热泵在运行模式下工作,在所述运行模式下从车辆的空调设备的蒸发器获取热量。
在此,将流入车辆的车厢中的空气用作热源。这是有利的,因为不必从动力牵引部件获取热量,该动力牵引部件也就无需冷却。与前述变型方式相比,该方法更具能效,因为不仅压缩机的电功率可用于除霜,而且从空气获取的热量也用于除霜。
在本发明的方法的另一优选的设计方式中规定,为进行除霜而减少穿过(或流经)外部空气换热器的空气质量流。
因此,可额外地降低由提供的热量的一部分释放至外部空气流而导致能量损耗。由此,加热优选用于融冰,从而使除霜变得更具能效。由此,增强了开头所述的在除霜过程中高功率对换热器的有利影响。
在本发明的方法的另一优选的设计方式中规定,通过关闭在外部空气换热器上游的阻断装置而终结(erfolgen)空气质量流。
所述阻断设备可例如包括散热器百叶窗。所述空气质量流由此甚至可被完全阻断,从而显著增强前述的有利效果。
在本发明的方法的另一优选的设计方式中规定,通过利用鼓风机至少部分地补偿外部空气换热器上游和下游的空气压力差而终结(erfolgen)空气质量流。
例如车辆的散热器风扇的旋转方向可以逆转,并且空气逆向于行驶方向输送。由此可抵消外部空气的进气流。于是这尤其例如在不存在散热器风扇的情况下是有利的。
在本发明的方法的另一优选的设计方式中规定,当外部空气换热器上游和下游的空气压力差在至少30分钟的时间内具有最小值时,则实施所述方法。
以这种方式促进利用高功率的除霜,因为确定了有利于避免热量损耗的行驶状况。
外部空气换热器上游和下游的空气压力差主要受到行驶速度的影响。时间范围可由此例如基于导航数据估算,也就是说预测行驶速度何时最小并且由此空气压力差也何时最小。
在本发明的方法的另一优选的设计方式中规定,利用导航系统的数据根据基于行驶情况所做的判断来预测空气压力差。
以这种方式促进利用高功率的除霜,因为预先确定了有利于避免热量损耗的行驶状况,并且能够特别好地计划除霜。
例如通过获知途经城市的规划路线连接高速公路行驶,能够预测在城市中的行驶速度相对于在高速公路上的平均速度降低。
再换言之,总之,本发明涉及一种用于电动车辆的外部空气换热器的除霜的方法。与传统奉行的原则、电动车辆中的以尽可能低的功率运行的系统不同,根据本发明,用于除霜的高功率可用于降低除霜时间并由此降低热量损耗。
除非在个别情况下另有说明,否则本发明的在本申请中提到的各种实施方式能够有利地相互组合。
Claims (10)
1.用于运行电动车辆的热泵的方法,其中运行中的热泵包括外部空气换热器,并且其中所述热泵至少暂时在运行模式下工作,在所述运行模式下在所述外部空气换热器处结冰,并且随后为所述外部空气换热器除霜,其特征在于,以至少1kW的加热功率进行除霜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,为了对所述外部空气换热器除霜,所述热泵在运行模式下工作,在所述运行模式下从车辆的电池或其他动力牵引部件获取热量。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,为了对所述外部空气换热器除霜,所述热泵在运行模式下工作,在所述运行模式下将热空气从所述热泵的压缩机引入到所述外部空气换热器中,并且在所述外部空气换热器的放热与重新压缩之间,最多30%的质量分数在节流后经历蒸发。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,为了对所述外部空气换热器除霜,所述热泵在运行模式下工作,在所述运行模式下从车辆的空调设备的蒸发器获取热量。
5.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,通过车辆的动力牵引部件的冷却系统中的电加热元件补偿至少通过所述热泵获取的功率,从而避免所述动力牵引部件的冷却。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,为进行除霜而减少流经所述外部空气换热器的空气质量流。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,通过关闭所述外部空气换热器上游的阻断设备而终结所述空气质量流。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,通过利用鼓风机至少部分地补偿所述外部空气换热器上游和下游的空气压力差而终结所述空气质量流。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,当所述外部空气换热器上游和下游的空气压力差在至少30分钟的时间内具有最小值时,则实施所述方法。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,利用导航系统的数据根据基于行驶情况所做的判断来预测所述空气压力差。
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DE102018133447.8A DE102018133447A1 (de) | 2018-12-21 | 2018-12-21 | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Wärmepumpe eines elektrischen Kraftfahrzeugs |
PCT/EP2019/085286 WO2020126999A1 (de) | 2018-12-21 | 2019-12-16 | Verfahren zum betrieb einer wärmepumpe eines elektrischen kraftfahrzeugs |
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- 2018-12-21 DE DE102018133447.8A patent/DE102018133447A1/de active Pending
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2019
- 2019-12-16 EP EP19832030.1A patent/EP3898302B1/de active Active
- 2019-12-16 CN CN201980069461.5A patent/CN112888586A/zh active Pending
- 2019-12-16 WO PCT/EP2019/085286 patent/WO2020126999A1/de unknown
- 2019-12-16 US US17/415,727 patent/US20220185065A1/en active Pending
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EP3898302A1 (de) | 2021-10-27 |
US20220185065A1 (en) | 2022-06-16 |
DE102018133447A1 (de) | 2020-06-25 |
WO2020126999A1 (de) | 2020-06-25 |
EP3898302B1 (de) | 2024-10-16 |
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