Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
  • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
  • C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon

Definitions

• the invention relates to a brass alloy for use in the manufacture of semi-finished products intended for chip-removing processing, wherein the brass alloy consists essentially of copper and zinc, and wherein the brass alloy has at least one additional alloy component.
• This type of brass alloy is frequently used as semi-finished product in the form; of strip or wire, and is subsequently further processed into end products. The further processing frequently takes place with the use of cutting processes.
• lead When brass is being cut, it has been found advantageous in the past to add lead to the alloy to the extent of up to four percent by weight.
• the lead has a positive effect as a chip breaker, extends the tool service life, and reduces one cutting forces.
• the important material parameters, such as strength and corrosion resistance, are not negatively influenced by the addition of lead.
• this invention is based on the object to achieve certain properties through the targeted combination of elements which are not environmentally problematic, as well as through the manufacturing process.
• a fourth advantage can be achieved by influencing the arrangement or orientation of the two phases, alpha and beta and/or the precipitations, in order to thereby adjust in a targeted manner the processing properties (for example, by a combination of deforming or heat treatment).
• a content of lead is at most 0.1% by weight, and the proportion of zinc is 405 to 46% by weight, and the proportion of copper is at most 59% by weight, and that the alloy contains a mixed crystal with proportions of an alpha-structure as well as of a beta-structure, wherein the proportion by weight of the beta-structure is at least 30% and at most 70% and the proportion of any additional alloy components is at most 1.0% by weight, and the sum of the proportions of all additional alloy components is at least 0.5% by weight.
• the precipitations contained in the structure which can be found also in the soft alpha-structure, influence the cutting behavior positively.
• the alpha-structure of the mixed crystal forms a cubic/surface centered spatial structure.
• the beta mixed crystal forms a cubic space-centered structure.
• the proportion of the beta-structure is at least 50%. This is particularly reinforced by the fact that a zinc content of about 42% by weight is present.
• the elements iron and nickel have a regulative influence on the growth of grain of the alpha-phase and beta-phase, wherein nickel additionally facilitates the stabilization of the beta-structure. Proportions which are too high lead to brittleness of the alloy.
• the elements tin, silicon, manganese and iron stabilize and increase the proportion of the beta-phase.
• phosphorus for improving the corrosion resistance, the addition of phosphorus may be provided.
• a maximum content of phosphorus in the range of 0.1% by weight is being considered,
• the proportion of copper is 54 to 59.0% by weight.
• the proportion of zinc is 40 to 46% by weight
• a first additional alloy component is defined by the fact, that the proportion of iron is 0.1 to 0.5% by weight. Iron serves for controlling the grain size of the alpha-phase and the beta-phase, proportions smaller than 0.1% have no sufficient effect. Proportions of greater than 0.5% would lead to substantial iron precipitation which acts negatively on the mechanical properties of the alloy.
• the proportion of iron is 0.2 to 0.3% by weight.
• a second additional alloy component is defined in that the content, of nickel is 0.1 to 0.5% by weight. Nickel stabilizes the alpha-phase.
• the proportion of nickel is 0.2 to 0.3% by weight.
• a third additional alloy component is defined in that the proportion of silicon is 0.01 to 0.20% by weight. Silicon stabilizes the beta-phase and, together with other elements, forms fine precipitations which have a positive effect on the cutting behavior and are responsible for grain fining.
• the proportion of silicon is 0.03 to 0.08% by weight.
• a fourth additional alloy component is defined in that the proportion of manganese is 0.01 to 0.20% by weight. Manganese stabilizes the beta-phase and, together with other elements, forms fine precipitations which act positively on the cutting behavior and are responsible for grain fining
• the proportion of manganese is 0.03 to 0.08% by weight.
• a fifth additional alloy component is defined in that the proportion of tin is 0.1 to 0.5% by weight.
• the proportion of tin is 0.2 to 0.3% by weight.
• Phosphorus leads to an improved corrosion-resistance of the alloy, in particular phosphorus acts also for the removal of zinc.
• Contributing to an optimum composition of the alloy is the fact that the proportion of elements which are not copper, zinc, iron, nickel, silicon, manganese, or tin, is less than 0.2% by weight.
• a preferred embodiment of the alloy has, with respect to its composition, preferably the following proportions by weight. Copper in the range of 54% to 59.5%, zinc in the range of 36% to 40.5%, iron in the range of 0.1% to 0.5%, nickel in the range of 0.1% to 0.5%, silicon in the range of 0,01% to 0.2%, manganese in the range of 0.01% to 0.2%, tin in the range of 0.1% to 0.5% and lead in a proportion of at most 0.1%.
• the lead content of the alloy is also caused by the use of scrap in the manufacture of such alloys, at the most 0.1%.
• the proportion of copper is 57.0% to 57.5%
• the proportion of zinc is 41.9% to 42.5%
• the proportion of nickel is 0.2% to 0.3%
• the proportion of iron is 0.2% to 0.3%
• the proportion of silicon is 0.03% to 0.08%
• the proportion of manganese is 0.03% to 0.08%
• the proportion of tin is 0.2% to 0.3%
• the proportion of lead is less than 0.1%.
• the sum of the proportions by weight of all additional possible components is at most 0.2%.
• compositions mentioned above it. is basically possible to add to the alloy only some of the recited elements. However, in accordance with an especially preferred embodiment, it is considered to add all of the aforementioned elements with a proportion by weight within the respectively defined intervals in combination with each other.
• the lead content is within an interval of 0.01% to 0.1%.
• the alpha mixed crystal leads to a relatively good deformability of the alloy and imparts viscous properties to the alloy.
• the beta mixed crystal is relatively poorly deformable and is brittle. All these properties are desirable for a good cutting capability. Consequently, due to the relation of the alpha-components and the beta-components, the alloy is imparted with a sufficient toughness for supporting deformability and a sufficient brittleness for supporting a cutting capability.
• a preferred production process can be carried out In such a way that, initially extrusion is carried out in a temperature range of 600° to 750° C. This produces a structure which has a portion of the beta mixed crystal of about 50% by weight.
• an intermediate annealing at a temperature of about 500° to 600° C.
• the intermediate annealing leads to a recrystallization and thus, to a formation of new grain. This reinforces the formation of a finely granular structure.
• the brass alloy of copper and zinc is produced with a lead content of 0.01 to 0.1 percent with at least one additional alloy component.
• This additional alloy component influences the structure of the mixed crystal in order to achieve the material properties which are desired for a specific application.
• the brass alloy according to the invention serves for manufacturing so-called semi-finished products which are subjected to at least one more processing step. Typical embodiments of such serai-finished products are wires, sections and/or rods.
• the next processing step Celsius at least one chip-removing process. Also, the next processing step may be a combination of a shaping and a chip-removing process.
• the shaping step can be carried out at room temperature or also at an increased temperature. With respect to the increased, temperatures, a half warm temperature of up to about 45° Celsius and a hot shaping temperature in a range of 600° Celsius up to 850° Celsius can be distinguished.

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• 2009
  • 2009-08-18 DE DE102009038657A patent/DE102009038657A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2010
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