US20110156361A1 - Springs and methods of forming same - Google Patents

Springs and methods of forming same Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110156361A1
US20110156361A1 US12/981,295 US98129510A US2011156361A1 US 20110156361 A1 US20110156361 A1 US 20110156361A1 US 98129510 A US98129510 A US 98129510A US 2011156361 A1 US2011156361 A1 US 2011156361A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
spring
seal
jacket
ribbon
filler
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US12/981,295
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English (en)
Inventor
Hamid Reza Ghalambor
Karthik Vaideeswaran
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Performance Plastics Corp
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Saint Gobain Performance Plastics Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Performance Plastics Corp filed Critical Saint Gobain Performance Plastics Corp
Priority to US12/981,295 priority Critical patent/US20110156361A1/en
Publication of US20110156361A1 publication Critical patent/US20110156361A1/en
Assigned to SAINT-GOBAIN PERFORMANCE PLASTICS CORPORATION reassignment SAINT-GOBAIN PERFORMANCE PLASTICS CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: VAIDEESWARAN, KARTHIK, GHALAMBOR, HAMID REZA
Priority to US14/333,141 priority patent/US9121507B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/34—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member
    • F16J15/3436—Pressing means
    • F16J15/3452—Pressing means the pressing force resulting from the action of a spring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/02—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
    • F16J15/06—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces
    • F16J15/10—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/0093—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring combined with mechanical machining or metal-working covered by other subclasses than B23K
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/32—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings
    • F16J15/3204—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings with at least one lip
    • F16J15/3208—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings with at least one lip provided with tension elements, e.g. elastic rings
    • F16J15/3212—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings with at least one lip provided with tension elements, e.g. elastic rings with metal springs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/32—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings
    • F16J15/3204—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings with at least one lip
    • F16J15/3232—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings with at least one lip having two or more lips
    • F16J15/3236—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings with at least one lip having two or more lips with at least one lip for each surface, e.g. U-cup packings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49609—Spring making

Definitions

  • This disclosure in general, relates to springs, seals using such springs, and methods for forming such springs and seals.
  • Springs are used in a variety of industries to apply force in a particular direction.
  • springs are used in seal applications to energize sealing material into contact with a surface and to promote formation of a seal between parts moving relative to one another.
  • Springs useful in such seals can include helically round ribbon or folded flat stock springs.
  • Folded flat stock springs are conventionally formed through stamping processes.
  • Flat stock is conventionally supplied to a stamping machine that stamps a pattern into the flat stock and the patterned flat stock is subsequently folded to form the flat stock spring.
  • Such springs can be incorporated into seals, such as annular seals or face seals.
  • the conventional stamping process introduces stress into the stamped form, particularly around the edges. Further, stamping results in a considerable amount of waste material and can form burrs and undesirable sharp protrusions on edges of a spring. In addition, such conventional stamping processes are not conducive to continuous processing of metal components and as such, tend to be performed in batch processes, reducing the efficiency of production.
  • FIG. 1 includes a perspective-view illustration of an exemplary seal.
  • FIG. 2 includes a cross-sectional view illustration of an exemplary seal, such as the exemplary seal illustrated in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 includes a perspective-view illustration of an exemplary seal.
  • FIG. 4 includes a cross-sectional view illustration of an exemplary seal, such as the exemplary seal illustrated in FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 5 , FIG. 6 , FIG. 7 , and FIG. 8 include illustrations of exemplary spring patterns.
  • FIG. 9 includes an illustration of an exemplary laser cutting apparatus.
  • FIG. 10 includes an illustration of an exemplary system for manufacturing springs.
  • FIG. 11 , FIG. 12 , and FIG. 13 include illustrations of cut edges of flat stock material.
  • a method of forming a spring includes dispensing a ribbon of flat stock or sheet metal, cutting the flat stock or sheet metal with a laser cutting apparatus to form a plurality of spring elements distributed longitudinally along the ribbon, and folding the laser cut ribbon to form a spring.
  • folding includes folding to form a longitudinal crease.
  • such folding can form the ribbon or flat stock into a spring having a V-shaped or U-shaped cross section.
  • the spring elements can include tines, loops, or other structures that, when in position, push against another object such as a seal jacket.
  • the spring can be inserted into the cavity of a seal jacket, such as an annular jacket, to form a seal.
  • a method of forming a spring includes dispensing a tube and cutting the tube with a laser to form a spring.
  • the laser cutting results in a spiral cut around the circumference of the tube.
  • the tube can be rotated during cutting.
  • the laser cut tube can be inserted into the cavity of a seal jacket.
  • the seal 100 includes a jacket 102 and a spring 104 disposed within a cavity 106 of the jacket 102 .
  • the seal 100 is an annular seal which can, for example, be disposed in an annular space around an axis.
  • the seal 100 can be disposed within an annular region 214 of a component 208 .
  • the spring 104 energizes the jacket 102 to contact a rotating component 210 that rotates around an axis 212 .
  • the sidewalls 110 of the spring 104 energize the sidewalls 112 of the jacket 102 to maintain contact with the moving and static components ( 210 and 208 ).
  • the jacket 102 can be formed of a polymeric material or a composite material including a polymeric material.
  • the polymeric material can include a thermoplastic material, such as an engineering or high performance thermoplastic polymer.
  • the thermoplastic material can include a polymer, such as a polyketone, polyaramid, a thermoplastic polyimide, a polyetherimide, a polyphenylene sulfide, a polyethersulfone, a polysulfone, a polyphenylene sulfone, a polyamideimide, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, a thermoplastic fluoropolymer, a polyamide, a polybenzimidazole, a liquid crystal polymer, or any combination thereof.
  • the thermoplastic material includes a polyketone, a polyaramid, a polyimide, a polyetherimide, a polyamideimide, a polyphenylene sulfide, a polyphenylene sulfone, a fluoropolymer, a polybenzimidazole, a derivation thereof, or any combination thereof.
  • the thermoplastic material includes a polymer, such as a polyketone, a thermoplastic polyimide, a polyetherimide, a polyphenylene sulfide, a polyether sulfone, a polysulfone, a polyamideimide, a derivative thereof, or any combination thereof.
  • the thermoplastic material includes polyketone, such as polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyether ketone, polyether ketone ketone, polyether ketone ether ketone ketone, a derivative thereof, or a combination thereof.
  • PEEK polyether ether ketone
  • thermoplastic fluoropolymer includes fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), a terpolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, and vinylidene fluoride (THV), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer (ECTFE)), a copolymer of ethylene and fluorinated ethylene propylene (EFEP), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), a terpolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, and ethylene (HTE), or any combination thereof.
  • FEP fluorinated ethylene propylene
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • PVDF poly
  • An exemplary liquid crystal polymer includes aromatic polyester polymers, such as those available under tradenames XYDAR® (Amoco), VECTRA® (Hoechst Celanese), SUMIKOSUPERTM or EKONOLTM (Sumitomo Chemical), DuPont HXTM or DuPont ZENITETM (E.I. DuPont de Nemours), RODRUNTM (Unitika), GRANLARTM (Grandmont), or any combination thereof.
  • the thermoplastic polymer can be ultra high molecular weight polyethylene.
  • the composite material can also include a filler, such as a solid lubricant, a ceramic or mineral filler, a polymer filler, a fiber filler, a metal particulate filler, salts, or any combination thereof.
  • a solid lubricant includes polytetrafluoroethylene, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, graphite, graphene, expanded graphite, boron nitride, talc, calcium fluoride, cerium fluoride, or any combination thereof.
  • An exemplary ceramic or mineral includes alumina, silica, titanium dioxide, calcium fluoride, boron nitride, mica, Wollastonite, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, zirconia, carbon black, pigments, or any combination thereof.
  • An exemplary polymer filler includes polyimide, liquid crystal polymers, polybenzimidazole, polytetrafluoroethylene, any of the thermoplastic polymers listed above, or any combination thereof.
  • An exemplary fiber includes nylon fibers, glass fibers, carbon fibers, polyacrylonitrile fibers, polyaramid fibers, polytetrafluoroethylene fibers, basalt fibers, graphite fibers, ceramic fibers, or any combination thereof.
  • Exemplary metals include bronze, copper, stainless steel, or any combination thereof.
  • An exemplary salt includes a sulfate, a sulfide, a phosphate, or any combination thereof.
  • the composite material can be an elastic material.
  • a Young's modulus can be a measure of the stiffness of the composite material and can be determined from the slope of a stress-strain curve during a tensile test on a sample of the material.
  • the composite material can have a Young's modulus of at least about 0.5 GPa, such as at least about 1.0 GPa, at least about 3.0 GPa, or even at least about 5.0 GPa.
  • the composite material can have a relatively low coefficient of friction.
  • the coefficient of friction of the composite material can be not greater than about 0.4, such as not greater than about 0.2, or even not greater than about 0.15.
  • the composite material can have a relatively high elongation.
  • the composite material can have an elongation of at least about 20%, such as at least about 40%, or even at least about 50%.
  • the spring 104 is formed of a laser cut flat stock material that is folded or bent to form the spring.
  • An exemplary flat stock material is formed of a metal or metal alloy.
  • the metal alloy can be a stainless steel; a copper alloy such as beryllium copper and copper-chromium-zinc alloy; a nickel alloy such as Hastelloy, Ni220, Phynox, or Elgiloy; or the like; or a combination thereof.
  • the spring can be plated with a plating metal, such as gold, tin, nickel, silver or any combination thereof.
  • the flat stock can have a thickness of not greater than 10 mils, such as not greater than 5 mils, or even not greater than 3 mils.
  • the thickness of the flat stock can be in a range of 1 mil to 5 mils, such as 1 mil to 3 mils, or even a range of 1.5 mils to 2.5 mils.
  • the thickness can be in a range of 2 mils to 10 mils, such as 3 mils to 10 mils, or 5 mils to 10 mils.
  • the flat stock is provided in the form of a ribbon having a width not greater than 10 inches, such as not greater than 5 inches.
  • the ribbon can have a width in a range of 0.5 inches to 10 inches, such as in a range of 0.5 inches to 5 inches, or even a range of 0.5 inches to 3 inches.
  • a ratio of the width of a spring work piece formed from the ribbon to the width of the ribbon can be at least 0.9, such as at least 0.95. In a particular example, the ratio of the width of the cut spring work piece to the width of the ribbon is approximately 1.0.
  • the jacket 102 defines an annular cavity 106 in which the spring 104 is disposed. As illustrated in FIG. 1 , the cavity 106 which extends within the jacket 102 is accessible via an opening 108 . As illustrated, the opening 108 is positioned on an axial side of the seal 100 . An axial side is a side through which a line parallel to an axis of the seal 100 extends. Alternatively, the opening 108 can be formed on a radial side of the seal 100 . A radial side is a side through which a radial line extending from the axis of the seal 100 extends. In an example, the opening 108 is disposed on a radially inward surface of the seal 100 , facing the axis. Alternatively, the opening 108 is disposed on a radial outward surface of the seal 100 , further from the axis than the radially inward surface.
  • FIG. 3 includes an illustration of an exemplary seal 300 , which includes a jacket 302 and a spring 304 disposed in a cavity 306 of the jacket 302 .
  • the opening 308 to the cavity 306 is disposed on a radially inward surface of the seal 300 .
  • Such a seal configuration is particularly useful as a face seal as illustrated in FIG. 4 .
  • the seal 300 can be disposed in an annular space of a block 408 around an axis 412 .
  • a rotating component 410 that rotates about the axis 412 can be disposed to contact the seal 300 .
  • the spring 302 energizes sidewalls of the jacket 302 against a face of the rotating component 410 .
  • a spring pattern is laser cut into a flat stock ribbon.
  • the spring pattern includes a plurality of spring elements distributed longitudinally along the ribbon.
  • Longitudinal refers to a direction parallel to the longest dimension of the ribbon or tube and latitudinal refers to cross dimension of the ribbon or tube extending perpendicular to the longitudinal dimension and thickness.
  • the latitudinal dimension is the second longest orthogonal dimension of the ribbon or tube.
  • the spring elements include tines, loops, or any combination thereof, which can extend latitudinally and can be connected to a spring body.
  • a spring 500 includes a laser cut pattern that forms loops 504 which extend latitudinally across the width of a flat stock ribbon. Following patterning, the spring 500 can be bent along longitudinal creases 502 to form a U-shaped spring. Alternatively, the spring 500 can be bent along one or more creases extending longitudinally. For example, the spring 500 can be bent along a single longitudinal crease to form a V-shape. Alternatively, the spring 500 can be folded along three or more longitudinal creases to form more complex structures when viewed in cross-section.
  • a spring 600 can include loops 604 having a thinner cross-dimension than the pattern illustrated in FIG. 5 . Once formed, the pattern 600 forms loops 604 . Folds can be applied along a crease lines 602 extending longitudinally along the pattern to form a spring.
  • a pattern 700 can include tines 704 extending from a body 706 in a latitudinal direction.
  • the pattern 700 can be folded along longitudinal crease lines 702 to form a spring.
  • a pattern 800 can be implemented with continuous strips 804 connected by cross-pieces 806 .
  • Such a pattern 800 can be folded along longitudinal crease lines 802 to form a spring such as a U-shaped or V-shaped spring.
  • the spring can be formed of a laser cut tube.
  • the tube can be formed of the metal or metal alloys described above in relation to the flat stock.
  • the resulting spring can have a spiral configuration.
  • a plurality of spring elements distributed along the longitudinal length of the spring can be cut from the tube.
  • elements similar to the elements described above in relation to FIG. 5 , FIG. 6 , FIG. 7 , and FIG. 8 can be cut from the tube to form a spring.
  • the tube can have a thickness of not greater than 10 mils, such as not greater than 5 mils, or even not greater than 3 mils.
  • the thickness of the flat stock can be in a range of 1 mil to 5 mils, such as 1 mil to 3 mils, or even a range of 1.5 mils to 2.5 mils.
  • the thickness can be in a range of 2 mils to 10 mils, such as 3 mils to 10 mils, or 5 mils to 10 mils.
  • the diameter (OD) of the tube can be in a range of 50 mils to 10 inches, such as a range of 50 mils to 5 inches, a range of 50 mils to 2 inches, a range of 50 mils to 1000 mils, or a range of 50 mils to 500 mils.
  • a ribbon or tube is dispensed or fed into a laser cutting apparatus.
  • the laser cutting apparatus forms a pattern, such as the patterns illustrated in FIG. 5 , FIG. 6 , FIG. 7 , or FIG. 8 , into the ribbon or tube, or a helical or spiral pattern into the tube.
  • the resulting spring work piece is continuously fed into a die.
  • the die imparts folds along crease lines into the spring work piece.
  • the work piece can be inserted into a cavity of a jacket to form a seal.
  • the seal can be an annular seal and the cavity can extend annularly within a jacket.
  • FIG. 9 includes an illustration of an exemplary cutting device 900 , which feeds a ribbon 902 into a feed block 910 .
  • a laser head 906 is attached to a positioning system 904 .
  • the positioning system 904 manipulates the position of the laser at 910 which cuts the ribbon 902 to form a pattern of the spring work piece.
  • the pattern includes a plurality of spring elements such as tines, loops, cross-pieces, or any combination thereof, that extend latitudinally across the ribbon 902 and are distributed longitudinally along the length of the ribbon 902 .
  • the cutting device includes the laser head 906 and a laser core (not illustrated).
  • the laser core can be fiber laser.
  • a fiber laser is a laser in which the active gain medium is an optical fiber doped with rare-earth elements, such as erbium, ytterbium, neodymium, dysprosium, praseodymium, and thulium. Once the laser radiation is generated in the fiber active gain medium, the radiation can be guided to the target ribbon using additional optical fibers, guides, reflectors, or lenses.
  • Such cutting devices 900 are particularly useful in a system to continuously form a spring work piece.
  • a system 1000 feeds a ribbon 1008 into a laser cutting device 1002 to produce a spring work piece 1010 .
  • a tube can be fed to the laser cutting device 1002 .
  • the laser cutting device 1002 cuts a pattern into the ribbon 1008 or a tube to form the spring work piece 1010 .
  • the pattern can include a plurality of spring elements that extend latitudinally across the ribbon 1008 and are distributed longitudinally along the spring work piece 1010 .
  • the spring elements are connected forming contiguous spring work pieces.
  • the spring elements can be loops formed as a serpentine pattern.
  • the spring elements can be formed as tines extending from a spring body.
  • the spring elements can be connected on edges of the ribbon.
  • the spring work piece can be dispensed from the laser cutting device 1002 as a single continuous strip.
  • the laser cutting device can further cut the spring work piece latitudinally across the ribbon to form separate spring work pieces from the contiguous pattern.
  • a feeder 1014 guides the spring work piece into a die 1004 .
  • waste material is removed from the spring work piece 1010 before it is guided into the die 1004 .
  • the die 1004 folds the spring work piece along longitudinal creases to form the folded spring work piece 1012 .
  • the die 1004 can be configured to continuously form the creases as the strip is fed into the die 1004 .
  • the die 1004 can include a cutter to cut the strip, either before folding or after folding, to form individual folded spring work pieces 1012 .
  • the feeder 1014 can be configured to feed each separate spring work piece into the die 1004 .
  • the die 1004 can include sensors and mechanisms to position the spring work piece 1010 and when the spring work piece 1010 is in position, fold the spring work piece 1010 , such as in a single step.
  • the folded spring work piece 1012 can be supplied continuously or in a batch process to a device 1006 for inserting the folded spring work piece into the cavity of a seal jacket.
  • the folded spring work piece 1012 is fed continuously into a device 1006 that further bends the spring work piece to form a circular form to be inserted into a cavity of an annular seal.
  • the laser cutting apparatus 1002 is a fiber laser having an optical fiber active gain medium.
  • a fiber laser is contrasted with lasers that include active gain media in the form of a gas or solid core.
  • Each of the fiber laser and the other lasers can transfer the emitted pulse by additional optical fibers.
  • the presence of optical fibers does not necessarily imply that the laser is a fiber laser.
  • fiber lasers overcome difficulties associated with laser cutting of spring patterns in thin flat stock materials presented by other laser devices.
  • Applicants discovered that such fiber lasers permit the formation of spring patterns in flat stock having a thickness not greater than 10 mils, such as a thickness in a range of 1 mil to 8 mils, or a range of 1 mil to 3 mils.
  • Alternative laser technologies tended to produce imprecise cuts and overheating which led to warping of spring elements. Imprecise cuts or overheating can lead to inconsistencies within a spring, that leads to variable wear or poor sealing.
  • fiber lasers permit the precise cutting of thin flat stock which allows the formation of spring elements that extend latitudinally across a large portion of the ribbon.
  • the spring elements can extend at least 90% across the latitudinal width of the ribbon, such as at least 95%, or even approximately 100% across the latitudinal width of the ribbon. As such, with such precise cutting, a reduction in waste material can be achieved.
  • FIG. 11 a laser cut edge in an Elgiloy material provides a relatively smooth cut having only shallow undulations spaced apart at greater than 10 micrometers.
  • FIG. 12 includes an illustration of an exemplary stamp formed edge exhibiting a separation 1202 between surfaces 1204 and 1206 , which have distinct patterns.
  • the surface 1204 is indicative of plastic deformation formed by compressive forces followed by a fracture resulting in the surface 1206 .
  • An intermediate separation 1202 forms between the two surfaces 1204 and 1206 .
  • Edging produces a similar result in which two distinct surfaces 1302 and 1304 illustrate deformation followed by a fracture.
  • the stress represented by horizontal striations 1306 between the two surfaces 1302 and 1304 are less prominent than those illustrated in FIG. 12 , edging and stamping clearly introduce stress at an edge of an object that is not found in the laser cut sample.
  • the laser cut surfaces are free of a fracture surface and are free of striations or separations extending parallel to a surface of the cut ribbon.
  • stamping particularly for metal thicknesses in a range of 3 mils to 8 mils causes a hardening of the spring material not found when laser cutting. Such hardening can result in early fatigue in spring configurations.
  • U-shaped springs Fatigue tests are performed on samples of U-shaped springs.
  • the U-shaped springs are formed of flat stock material, patterned either by cutting with a fiber laser device or by stamping. The patterned flat stock material is folded into the U-shaped spring.
  • the resulting U-shaped spring is a cantilever finger spring design, similar to the spring of the Omniseal 400A, available from Saint-Gobain.
  • Sample springs are prepared from 304 Stainless Steel having a thickness of 2 mils and from 301 Stainless Steel having a thickness of 5 mils.
  • Testing is performed by cycling the fingers of the spring between a flexed position and a relaxed position. At the ends of the fingers, the flexed position is inward approximately 20 mils to 30 mils toward a center of the spring relative to the relaxed position. The samples are cycled until failure through fatigue or for one million cycles.
  • the 2-mil stainless steel samples patterned by either laser cutting or stamping survived flexing for one million cycles.
  • the laser cut sample cycled 200,000 cycles, twice as long as the stamped cycles.
  • a seal in a first aspect, includes a polymeric jacket defining a seal surface and an inner cavity extending within the polymeric jacket along a length of the polymeric jacket and a spring extending within the inner cavity and including a plurality of laser cut spring elements.
  • an edge of the spring is free of a fracture surface. In another example, an edge of the spring is free of a separation.
  • the polymer jacket includes a polymeric material selected from the group consisting of polyketone, polyaramid, a thermoplastic polyimide, a polyetherimide, a polyphenylene sulfide, a polyethersulfone, a polysulfone, a polyphenylene sulfone, a polyamideimide, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, a thermoplastic fluoropolymer, a polyamide, a polybenzimidazole, a liquid crystal polymer, or any combination thereof.
  • a polymeric material selected from the group consisting of polyketone, polyaramid, a thermoplastic polyimide, a polyetherimide, a polyphenylene sulfide, a polyethersulfone, a polysulfone, a polyphenylene sulfone, a polyamideimide, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, a thermoplastic fluoropolymer, a polyamide, a polybenzimidazole,
  • the polymer jacket further includes a filler selected from the group consisting of a solid lubricant, a ceramic or mineral filler, a polymer filler, a fiber filler, a metal particulate filler, salts, or any combination thereof.
  • a filler selected from the group consisting of a solid lubricant, a ceramic or mineral filler, a polymer filler, a fiber filler, a metal particulate filler, salts, or any combination thereof.
  • the polymer jacket has a coefficient of friction of not greater than about 0.4, such as not greater than about 0.2.
  • the polymer jacket has a Young's modulus of at least about 0.5 GPa, such as at least about 1.0 GPa.
  • the polymer jacket can have an elongation of at least about 20%, such as at least about 40%.
  • the spring is formed of a metal alloy selected from the group consisting of stainless steel, a copper alloy, a nickel alloy, or any combination thereof.
  • the spring is formed of a sheet material having a thickness not greater than 10 mils, such as not greater than 5 mils, or not greater than 3 mils.
  • the seal is an annular seal or a face seal.
  • a seal in a second aspect, includes an annular jacket comprising a polymeric material and defining an annular cavity extending within the annular jacket and a spring extending within the annular cavity, the spring comprising a folded sheet metal including a plurality of laser cut spring elements.
  • an edge of the spring is free of a fracture surface. In another example, an edge of the spring is free of a separation.
  • the polymeric material is selected from the group consisting of polyketone, polyaramid, a thermoplastic polyimide, a polyetherimide, a polyphenylene sulfide, a polyethersulfone, a polysulfone, a polyphenylene sulfone, a polyamideimide, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, a thermoplastic fluoropolymer, a polyamide, a polybenzimidazole, a liquid crystal polymer, or any combination thereof.
  • the annular jacket further includes a filler selected from the group consisting of a solid lubricant, a ceramic or mineral filler, a polymer filler, a fiber filler, a metal particulate filler, salts, or any combination thereof.
  • a filler selected from the group consisting of a solid lubricant, a ceramic or mineral filler, a polymer filler, a fiber filler, a metal particulate filler, salts, or any combination thereof.
  • the annular jacket has a coefficient of friction of not greater than about 0.4. In a further example, the annular jacket has a Young's modulus of at least about 0.5 GPa. In an additional example, the annular jacket has an elongation of at least about 20%.
  • the spring is formed of a metal alloy selected from the group consisting of stainless steel, a copper alloy, a nickel alloy, or any combination thereof.
  • the spring is formed of a sheet material having a thickness not greater than 10 mils.
  • a method of forming a seal includes dispensing a ribbon of sheet metal, laser cutting a plurality of spring elements distributed longitudinally along the ribbon to form a spring work piece, and folding the spring work piece to form a spring.
  • laser cutting includes laser cutting with a fiber laser.
  • laser cutting includes laser cutting the plurality of spring elements to extend latitudinally across the ribbon.
  • the plurality of spring elements extend to have a ratio of the width of a spring work piece formed from the ribbon to the width of the ribbon of at least 0.9, such as at least 0.95. In a particular example, the ratio is approximately 1.0.
  • the spring work piece is a continuous piece and wherein folding the spring work piece includes continuously folding the spring work piece.
  • folding the spring work piece includes positioning the spring work piece and folding the positioned spring work piece.
  • the method further includes inserting the spring into a seal jacket.
  • a method of forming a seal includes dispensing a ribbon of sheet metal having a thickness of not greater than 5 mils, forming with a fiber laser device a plurality of spring elements distributed along a length of the ribbon and extending latitudinally across the ribbon, cutting the laser cut ribbon with the laser device to form a spring work piece, and folding the spring work piece along a longitudinal length of the ribbon.
  • the plurality of spring elements extend to have a ratio of the width of a spring work piece formed from the ribbon to the width of the ribbon of at least 0.9.
  • folding the spring work piece includes positioning the spring work piece and folding the positioned spring work piece.
  • the method includes inserting the spring into a seal jacket.
  • a machine in a fifth aspect, includes a static component, a rotatable component, and a seal disposed between the static component and the rotatable component.
  • the seal includes a polymeric jacket defining a seal surface and an inner cavity extending within the polymeric jacket along a length of the polymeric jacket and a spring extending within the inner cavity and including a plurality of laser cut spring elements.
  • a method of forming a seal includes dispensing a tube, laser cutting the tube to form a spring work piece, and inserting the spring work piece into a jacket to form the seal.
  • laser cutting the tube include cutting a spiral.
  • laser cutting the tube includes cutting a pattern of spring elements distributed longitudinally along the length of the tube.
  • the method further includes rotating the tube while laser cutting.
  • the tube includes a metal or metal alloy.
  • the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” “including,” “has,” “having” or any other variation thereof, are intended to jacket a non-exclusive inclusion.
  • a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of features is not necessarily limited only to those features but may include other features not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
  • “or” refers to an inclusive-or and not to an exclusive-or. For example, a condition A or B is satisfied by any one of the following: A is true (or present) and B is false (or not present), A is false (or not present) and B is true (or present), and both A and B are true (or present).
US12/981,295 2009-12-29 2010-12-29 Springs and methods of forming same Abandoned US20110156361A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/981,295 US20110156361A1 (en) 2009-12-29 2010-12-29 Springs and methods of forming same
US14/333,141 US9121507B2 (en) 2009-12-29 2014-07-16 Springs and methods of forming same

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US29071109P 2009-12-29 2009-12-29
US12/981,295 US20110156361A1 (en) 2009-12-29 2010-12-29 Springs and methods of forming same

Related Child Applications (1)

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US14/333,141 Division US9121507B2 (en) 2009-12-29 2014-07-16 Springs and methods of forming same

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US20110156361A1 true US20110156361A1 (en) 2011-06-30

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US14/333,141 Expired - Fee Related US9121507B2 (en) 2009-12-29 2014-07-16 Springs and methods of forming same

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EP (1) EP2519761A4 (fr)
JP (1) JP2013515224A (fr)
KR (1) KR101461373B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN102667267B (fr)
BR (1) BR112012015139A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2785437A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX2012007504A (fr)
RU (1) RU2532477C2 (fr)
SG (1) SG181437A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011090756A2 (fr)

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US9132510B2 (en) 2012-05-02 2015-09-15 Apple Inc. Multi-step pattern formation
WO2016085594A1 (fr) 2014-11-25 2016-06-02 Baker Hughes Incorporated Joint d'étanchéité autolubrifiant en composite de carbone souple
US9451065B2 (en) 2014-04-03 2016-09-20 Apple Inc. Adaptive plug for edge protection
US9852723B2 (en) 2014-03-27 2017-12-26 Apple Inc. Acoustic modules
US10071539B2 (en) 2014-09-30 2018-09-11 Apple Inc. Co-sintered ceramic for electronic devices
US20180266562A1 (en) * 2017-03-16 2018-09-20 Bal Seal Engineering, Inc. V-springs, seals with v-springs, and related methods
US10086484B2 (en) 2012-10-12 2018-10-02 Apple Inc. Manufacturing of computing devices
US10207387B2 (en) 2015-03-06 2019-02-19 Apple Inc. Co-finishing surfaces
US10216233B2 (en) 2015-09-02 2019-02-26 Apple Inc. Forming features in a ceramic component for an electronic device
US20190170254A1 (en) * 2017-11-30 2019-06-06 Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Corporation Seal, assembly, and methods of using the same
US10335979B2 (en) 2014-09-30 2019-07-02 Apple Inc. Machining features in a ceramic component for use in an electronic device
US10532428B2 (en) 2012-02-16 2020-01-14 Apple Inc. Interlocking flexible segments formed from a rigid material
US10542628B2 (en) 2017-08-02 2020-01-21 Apple Inc. Enclosure for an electronic device having a shell and internal chassis
US10605367B2 (en) 2016-02-02 2020-03-31 Nok Corporation Sealing apparatus
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US11000201B2 (en) * 2016-11-09 2021-05-11 Biosense Webster (Israel) Ltd. Coils formed in folded nitinol sheet
US11856861B2 (en) * 2017-11-27 2023-12-26 Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne Spring with a plurality of elements, and actuator including such as a spring
WO2020112474A1 (fr) 2018-11-30 2020-06-04 Corning Optical Communications Rf Llc Contacts électriques compressibles à sections coupées par divaricelle
RU2737262C2 (ru) * 2019-03-27 2020-11-26 Акционерное общество "Средне-Невский судостроительный завод" Термопластичная полиэфиримидная композиция с базальтовым волокном
RU2718772C1 (ru) * 2019-10-28 2020-04-14 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «НПО ГЕЛАР» Композиционный материал на основе сверхвысокомолекулярного полиэтилена
USD936610S1 (en) 2019-11-30 2021-11-23 Corning Optical Communications Rf Llc Compressible electrical contact
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EP3978777B1 (fr) * 2020-09-30 2023-11-29 ZF CV Systems Europe BV Plaquette d'un frein de véhicule, frein de véhicule et procédé d'assemblage d'un frein de véhicule
EP4330568A1 (fr) * 2021-04-28 2024-03-06 Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Corporation Joint avec ressort torique coupé radialement
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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10532428B2 (en) 2012-02-16 2020-01-14 Apple Inc. Interlocking flexible segments formed from a rigid material
US9132510B2 (en) 2012-05-02 2015-09-15 Apple Inc. Multi-step pattern formation
CN103531515A (zh) * 2012-07-06 2014-01-22 先进科技新加坡有限公司 在处理过程中支撑工件的装置和方法
US10086484B2 (en) 2012-10-12 2018-10-02 Apple Inc. Manufacturing of computing devices
US9852723B2 (en) 2014-03-27 2017-12-26 Apple Inc. Acoustic modules
US9451065B2 (en) 2014-04-03 2016-09-20 Apple Inc. Adaptive plug for edge protection
US10071539B2 (en) 2014-09-30 2018-09-11 Apple Inc. Co-sintered ceramic for electronic devices
US10335979B2 (en) 2014-09-30 2019-07-02 Apple Inc. Machining features in a ceramic component for use in an electronic device
WO2016085594A1 (fr) 2014-11-25 2016-06-02 Baker Hughes Incorporated Joint d'étanchéité autolubrifiant en composite de carbone souple
EP3224503A4 (fr) * 2014-11-25 2018-08-01 Baker Hughes Incorporated Joint d'étanchéité autolubrifiant en composite de carbone souple
US10207387B2 (en) 2015-03-06 2019-02-19 Apple Inc. Co-finishing surfaces
US10216233B2 (en) 2015-09-02 2019-02-26 Apple Inc. Forming features in a ceramic component for an electronic device
US11844709B2 (en) * 2015-10-15 2023-12-19 Ossur Iceland Ehf Adjustable seal system
US10605367B2 (en) 2016-02-02 2020-03-31 Nok Corporation Sealing apparatus
US11480250B2 (en) * 2017-03-16 2022-10-25 Bal Seal Engineering, Llc V-springs and seals with v-springs
US20180266562A1 (en) * 2017-03-16 2018-09-20 Bal Seal Engineering, Inc. V-springs, seals with v-springs, and related methods
US10542628B2 (en) 2017-08-02 2020-01-21 Apple Inc. Enclosure for an electronic device having a shell and internal chassis
EP3456428B1 (fr) * 2017-08-30 2023-08-16 Bal Seal Engineering, LLC Extrémités du fil de ressort pour faciliter le soudage
US20190170254A1 (en) * 2017-11-30 2019-06-06 Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Corporation Seal, assembly, and methods of using the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2519761A2 (fr) 2012-11-07
RU2532477C2 (ru) 2014-11-10
KR20120098881A (ko) 2012-09-05
WO2011090756A3 (fr) 2011-11-10
EP2519761A4 (fr) 2016-05-04
KR101461373B1 (ko) 2014-11-13
MX2012007504A (es) 2012-08-03
US20140360020A1 (en) 2014-12-11
JP2013515224A (ja) 2013-05-02
US9121507B2 (en) 2015-09-01
RU2012129248A (ru) 2014-02-10
SG181437A1 (en) 2012-07-30
CA2785437A1 (fr) 2011-07-28
WO2011090756A2 (fr) 2011-07-28
CN102667267A (zh) 2012-09-12
BR112012015139A2 (pt) 2017-01-10
CN102667267B (zh) 2015-11-25

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