US20110133629A1 - Li-containing alpha-sialon-based phosphor, production process thereof, lighting device and image display device - Google Patents

Li-containing alpha-sialon-based phosphor, production process thereof, lighting device and image display device Download PDF

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US20110133629A1
US20110133629A1 US13/058,027 US200913058027A US2011133629A1 US 20110133629 A1 US20110133629 A1 US 20110133629A1 US 200913058027 A US200913058027 A US 200913058027A US 2011133629 A1 US2011133629 A1 US 2011133629A1
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sialon
phosphor
oxide
powder
based phosphor
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Shin-ichi Sakata
Hiroshi Oda
Takuma Sakai
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Ube Corp
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Ube Industries Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
    • C09K11/77—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals
    • C09K11/7728—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals containing europium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
    • C09K11/0883—Arsenides; Nitrides; Phosphides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
    • C09K11/77—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals
    • C09K11/7728—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals containing europium
    • C09K11/77348—Silicon Aluminium Nitrides or Silicon Aluminium Oxynitrides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
    • H01L33/50—Wavelength conversion elements
    • H01L33/501—Wavelength conversion elements characterised by the materials, e.g. binder
    • H01L33/502—Wavelength conversion materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to an optical functional material having a function of converting a part of irradiation light into light at a different wavelength, and a production process thereof. More specifically, this disclosure relates to a sialon-based phosphor activated by a rare earth metal element, which is suitable for an ultraviolet-to-blue light source. The disclosure also relates to a production process of the sialon-based phosphor, and a light emitting device and an image display device each using the same.
  • the white LED ensures low power consumption and extended life compared with existing white light sources, and therefore its application to liquid crystal panel backlight, indoor or outdoor lighting device, and the like is expanding.
  • the white LED developed at present is obtained by coating a Ce-doped YAG (yttrium.aluminum.garnet) on a surface of a blue LED.
  • Ce-doped YAG yttrium.aluminum.garnet
  • the Ce-doped YAG has a fluorescence wavelength in the vicinity of 530 nm and when the color of this fluorescence and the light of a blue LED are mixed to provide white light, blue-tinted white light results and good white light cannot be obtained.
  • an ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor activated by a rare earth element is known to emit fluorescence with a longer wavelength than the fluorescence wavelength of Ce-doped YAG (see Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 2002-363554).
  • a white LED is fabricated using fluorescence of such sialon, a white LED giving a bulb color at a lower color temperature than a white LED using YAG can be produced.
  • This fluorescence wavelength is suitable for a white LED with a low color temperature as in a bulb color, but a white LED with a high color temperature, such as daytime white color or daylight color higher in the color temperature, cannot be produced.
  • the daytime white color and daylight color have a wide range of applications including not only lighting but also backlight of a liquid crystal display device, etc., and their need is greater than that for bulb color.
  • fluorescence with a shorter wave-length is required of the sialon-based phosphor.
  • a Ca-containing ⁇ sialon phosphor is reduced in the fluorescence intensity when the fluorescence wavelength is shifted to the shorter wavelength side than 595 nm. Accordingly, it has been difficult to produce a sialon-based phosphor capable of emitting fluorescence at a short wavelength suitable for producing a high-luminance LED of daytime white color or daylight color by combining the phosphor with a blue LED.
  • WO 2007/004493 A1 discloses a Li (lithium)-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor.
  • This sialon can emit fluorescence at a short wavelength compared with the Ca-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor.
  • the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor is obtained in an atmosphere under nitrogen pressure of 1 MPa and in view of a cumbersome production process or use of a production apparatus capable of withstanding a high-temperature high-pressure nitrogen gas, the phosphor is costly produce to.
  • x1 indicating the Li content in the above-described compositional formula of sialon is an abnormally large value of 1.2 ⁇ x1 ⁇ 2.4, and a Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor having a desired composition is difficult to produce with good reproducibility.
  • Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 2004-67837 is known in addition to WO '493, but the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor disclosed has a fluorescence wavelength of 585 nm and differs in the composition from the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor. With such a fluorescence wavelength, even when combined with a blue light-emitting diode, an LED of daytime white color or daylight color cannot be obtained.
  • WO '493 the form or aggregation state of particles is not considered.
  • a Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor is produced using crystalline silicon nitride.
  • crystalline silicon nitride when crystalline silicon nitride is used, this forms a secondary particle where small primary particles are strongly aggregated (fused).
  • FIGS. 1 to 8 of Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 2006-152069 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 2006-152069. It is presumed that the same occurs in the case of a Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor.
  • the form or aggregation state of particles of a phosphor powder affects light scattering, absorption and in turn, fluorescence intensity and furthermore, also affects the slurry properties when coating the phosphor.
  • the slurry properties are an important factor in the production process.
  • the effect on the fluorescence intensity is described below.
  • a phosphor irrespective of the size of a primary particles or secondary particles, when the particle size is reduced to about a submicron, light scattering is increased to lower the absorption and the fluorescence intensity is decreased.
  • a method of producing large secondary particles by aggregating submicron primary particles may be considered.
  • the submicron primary particles fall off, as a result, it is difficult to avoid the effect of the primary particles.
  • fine irregularities are produced on the secondary particle surface, and this is considered to result in light scattering and a decrease in the fluorescence intensity.
  • the primary particle is preferably a large crystal. The reason therefor is that when the crystal size is small, the fluorescence intensity decreases due to surface defects.
  • a phosphor with good characteristics is preferably a powder in which primary particles are distributed in the range of 1 to 20 ⁇ m without aggregation and the powder is composed of particles having a larger size in this particle size range.
  • a technique of using a flux is widely employed as a technique for regulating the form of primary particles.
  • using a flux may also be considered in the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon.
  • fluoride, chloride, iodide, bromide and phosphate of Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al and Eu, particularly, lithium fluoride, calcium fluoride and aluminum fluoride are pointed out as flux, but their effects are not specifically described, and the technique disclosed merely suggests a general technique.
  • Li-containing ⁇ -sialon phosphor powder having high fluorescence intensity and having excellent properties as a phosphor powder by controlling the primary particle of Li-containing ⁇ -sialon.
  • Such a Li-containing ⁇ -sialon can produce a high-efficiency white light-emitting diode of daytime white color or daylight color by combining it with an ultraviolet-to-blue LED.
  • a lighting device such as white LED of daytime white color or daylight color by providing a Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor having high fluorescence intensity and using an ultraviolet or blue LED as a light source.
  • Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor having a specific composition and being producible in an atmosphere of nitrogen gas under atmospheric pressure can realize excellent fluorescence intensity and short fluorescence wavelength.
  • Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor above, wherein the ⁇ is from 0.05 to 1.2 and the ratio x/m between x and m is from 0.4 to 0.9.
  • a preferred Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor above has x of 0.82 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.2 and the x/m of from 0.5 to 0.9.
  • the x is 0.91 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.2 and the x/m is from 0.6 to 0.9. Also, we provide the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor above, wherein fluorescence having a peak wavelength of 560 to 580 nm is emitted by injecting excitation light.
  • a lighting device comprises a light emitting source and a phosphor containing the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor above.
  • the light emitting source is preferably an LED capable of emitting light at a wavelength of 330 to 500 nm.
  • the phosphor further contains a phosphor capable of emitting a red color at 600 to 650 nm.
  • An image display device comprises an excitation source and a phosphor containing the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor above.
  • the excitation source is an electron beam, an electric field, a vacuum ultraviolet, or an ultraviolet ray.
  • a production process of the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor above comprises weighing and mixing a silicon nitride powder and/or a nitrogen-containing silane compound, an AlN-containing substance working out to an aluminum source, a nitride, oxynitride or oxide of Li or a precursor substance capable of becoming an oxide of Li by pyrolysis, and a nitride, oxynitride or oxide of Eu or a precursor substance capable of becoming an oxide of Eu by pyrolysis, to give a composition containing lithium in excess over the desired composition of the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor represented by formula (1), and firing the mixture at 1,400 to 1,800° C.
  • the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor after firing is preferably subjected to acid washing.
  • a production process of the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor is as above, wherein an amorphous silicon nitride powder is used as the silicon nitride powder.
  • the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor powder is the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor represented by formula (1), wherein the average aspect ratio of the primary particle as measured by the image analysis of the scanning electron micrograph is 2 or less and the average particle diameter D particle is from 1 to 3.0 ⁇ m.
  • the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor powder above has particles measured by the image analysis of the scanning electron micrograph, a primary particle of 0.8 ⁇ m or more is present in an area ratio of 70% or more. Furthermore, the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor powder above has a frequency distribution curve in the particle size distribution curve measured by a laser diffraction/scattering particle size distribution measuring apparatus is a single peak and the median diameter is from 4 to 15 ⁇ m.
  • the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor powder above has a 10% diameter in the particle size distribution curve of 1.5 ⁇ m or more and the 90% diameter is 15 ⁇ m or less.
  • the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor powder above has fluorescence having a peak wavelength of 560 to 580 nm is emitted by injecting excitation light.
  • a lighting device comprises a light emitting source and a phosphor containing the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor powder above.
  • the light emitting source is preferably an LED capable of emitting light at a wavelength of 330 to 500 nm.
  • the phosphor may contain a phosphor capable of emitting a red color at 600 to 650 nm.
  • a production process of the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor powder above comprises weighing and mixing an amorphous silicon nitride powder and/or a nitrogen-containing silane compound, an AlN-containing substance working out to an aluminum source, a nitride, oxynitride or oxide of Li or a precursor substance capable of becoming an oxide of Li by pyrolysis, a nitride, oxynitride or oxide of Eu or a precursor substance capable of becoming an oxide of Eu by pyrolysis, to give a composition containing lithium in excess over the desired composition of the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor represented by formula (1), and firing the mixture at 1,400 to 1,800° C. in a nitrogen-containing inert gas atmosphere under atmospheric pressure.
  • a Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor particle is the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor represented by formula (1), wherein the aspect ratio of the primary particle as measured by the image analysis of the scanning electron micrograph is 3 or less and the length of the short axis is more than 3 ⁇ m.
  • a production process of the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor powder above comprises mixing an amorphous silicon nitride powder and/or a nitrogen-containing silane compound, an AlN-containing substance working out to an aluminum source, a nitride, oxynitride or oxide of Li or a precursor substance capable of becoming an oxide of Li by pyrolysis, a nitride, oxynitride or oxide of Eu or a precursor substance capable of becoming an oxide of Eu by pyrolysis, each in a theoretical amount giving the composition of formula (1), and an oxide of Li or a precursor substance capable of becoming an oxide of Li by pyrolysis, in an amount higher than the theoretical amount, and firing the mixture at 1,500 to 1,800° C. in a nitrogen-containing inert gas atmosphere under atmospheric pressure.
  • the amount of metal lithium in the oxide of Li or the precursor substance may be capable of becoming an oxide of Li by pyrolysis, mixed in excess over the theoretical amount, is preferably from 0.1 to 1.25 mol per mol of the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor as a product by the theoretical amount.
  • a lighting device comprises a light emitting source and a phosphor containing the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor represented by formula (1).
  • the light emitting source is an LED capable of emitting light at a wavelength of 330 to 500 nm.
  • the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor is designed to have a specific composition by adjusting the Li content of the product, whereby a lighting device such as white LED exhibiting conventionally unobtainable high fluorescence intensity and emitting a daytime white color or daylight color when using an ultraviolet or blue LED as a light source can be provided.
  • amorphous silicon nitride and/or a nitrogen-containing silane compound is used as the starting material to give a Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor particle having a specific particle form and the Li content of the product is adjusted to give a Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor particle having a specific composition, whereby a phosphor exhibiting conventionally unobtainable high fluorescence intensity can be obtained.
  • a Li-containing ⁇ -sialon phosphor having an unprecedentedly large primary particle size can be obtained.
  • the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon phosphor exhibits high fluorescence intensity and, at the same time, has excellent properties as a phosphor powder.
  • a high-luminance lighting device such as white LED capable of emitting a daytime white color or a daylight color when using an ultraviolet or blue LED as a light source can be provided.
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B are SEM photographs showing the state in one example of the powder after acid treatment in Example 2 and Example 6.
  • FIG. 1A is an SEM photograph of a Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor powder produced using amorphous silicon nitride as a raw material
  • FIG. 1B is an SEM photograph of a Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor powder produced using crystalline silicon nitride as a raw material.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B are SEM photographs showing one example of the phosphor powder after pulverization in Example 2 and Example 6.
  • FIG. 2A is an SEM photograph of a Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor powder produced using amorphous silicon nitride as a raw material
  • FIG. 2B is an SEM photograph of a Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor powder produced using crystalline silicon nitride as a raw material.
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B are enlarged photographs of FIGS. 2A and 2B .
  • FIG. 4A is a particle size distribution (frequency distribution curve) chart of the Li- ⁇ -sialon phosphor powder obtained in Example 2
  • FIG. 4B is a particle size distribution chart of the phosphor powder obtained in Example 6 using crystalline silicon nitride as a raw material.
  • FIG. 5 is an SEM photograph of the powder obtained in Example 11.
  • the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor is represented by formula (1):
  • the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor is characterized by the content of Li. That is, we found that the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor obtained through firing in a nitrogen-containing inert gas atmosphere under atmospheric pressure has a great difference in the Li content between the charge composition and the composition of the synthesis product obtained. Li is an easily evaporable element and evaporation occurs during firing, as a result, the Li content in the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor obtained after acid washing becomes small.
  • the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor is synthesized by performing acid washing after firing at 1,400 to 2,000° C. in an inert gas atmosphere under a pressure of 0.08 to 0.9 MPa.
  • the firing atmosphere is preferably carried in a nitrogen atmosphere under atmospheric pressure.
  • the production cost of the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor can be reduced by performing the synthesis in a nitrogen-containing inert gas atmosphere under atmospheric pressure.
  • a Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor satisfying both excellent fluorescence intensity and shorter fluorescence wavelength can be synthesized for the first time by firing in a nitrogen atmosphere under atmospheric pressure.
  • a is the average valence of Eu, but the valence of Eu varies depending on the temperature and the oxygen partial pressure in the atmosphere. It is considered that trivalent Eu is stable at room temperature and only Eu 2 O 3 is known as an oxide thereof, but when the temperature rises, rather divalent Eu becomes stable and Eu is reduced to divalent Eu at high temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere and solid-dissolved as Eu 2+ in the crystal lattice of ⁇ -sialon.
  • the compositional formula of ⁇ -sialon is composed by regarding Eu as divalent. Accordingly, in the composition of the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon, ⁇ is calculated on the condition that the valence of Eu is divalence.
  • the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor is characterized in that the content of Al is larger than in the conventional composition and the chemical composition is represented by formula (1).
  • x+ya is smaller than m
  • the ratio between Si atom and Al atom constituting the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor varies and, at the same time, the proportion of oxygen atom and the proportion of nitrogen atom are varied.
  • the chemical composition is more generally represented by the following formula (2):
  • the compositional range giving a single-phase Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor is, in formula (1) of a Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor, 0.45 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.2, preferably 0.82 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.2, more preferably 0.91 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.2. If x is less than 0.45, the fluorescence intensity deceases, whereas if it is 1.2 or more, a heterophase is produced and a single-phase ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor cannot be obtained.
  • the compositional range satisfying both short wavelength and fluorescence intensity is 0.82 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.2.
  • the wavelength of fluorescence shifts to short wavelength with an increase in the Li content and can be varied in the range of, in terms of peak wavelength, from 560 to 580 nm.
  • the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor is characterized by ⁇ >0 and, particularly, when ⁇ is from 0.05 to 1.2 and the ratio x/m between x and m is from 0.5 to 0.9, this is preferred because high fluorescence intensity is obtained. It is more preferred that ⁇ is from 0.05 to 1.0 and the x/m ratio is from 0.6 to 0.9.
  • Eu is an element which is solid-dissolved in the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor and works out to a light emitting source and, in formula (1), y is preferably 0.001 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.2. If y is less than 0.001, the content of the light emitting source is reduced and a bright phosphor cannot be obtained. Also, if it exceeds 0.2, a sialon emitting fluorescence at a short wavelength cannot be obtained. A preferred range is 0.01 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.15, and a more preferred range is 0.01 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.1.
  • n and n are 0.9 ⁇ m ⁇ 2.5 and 0.5 ⁇ n ⁇ 2.4.
  • a is the average valence of Eu.
  • the number of Al atoms substituted for Si atom excessively over the number of Al atoms substituted on the cation site corresponding to the number of metal elements (Li and Eu) intruded and existing as a solid solution in the network composed of cation (Si, Al)-anion (O, N)-cation (Si, Al)-anion (O, N)-constituting ⁇ -sialon is denoted as ⁇ (in this disclosure, ⁇ >0).
  • m is less than 0.9, the sialon crystal is hardly stabilized due to the small solid solution amount of metal elements (Li and Eu) and the fluorescence intensity of the phosphor may decrease, whereas if the m value exceeds 2.5, a crystal phase other than sialon is readily produced.
  • m is preferably 0.9 ⁇ m ⁇ 2.5.
  • n is the value related to the substitution solid-solution amount of oxygen in the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor.
  • n value is less than 0.5 or (n+ ⁇ ) is less than 0.55, the sialon crystal is hardly stabilized due to the small solid solution amount of metal elements (Li and Eu) and the fluorescence intensity may decrease, whereas if the n value exceeds 2.4 or (n+ ⁇ ) exceeds 3.2, a crystal phase other than sialon is readily produced.
  • Preferred ranges are 1.0 ⁇ m ⁇ 2.1, 1.4 ⁇ n ⁇ 2.4 and 1.8 ⁇ n+ ⁇ 3.1, and more preferred ranges are 1.1 ⁇ m ⁇ 2.0, 1.55 ⁇ n ⁇ 2.3 and 1.9 ⁇ n+ ⁇ 3.0.
  • heterophase is a heterophase identified by the diffraction pattern of X-ray diffraction and excludes a component not appearing in the X-ray diffraction, such as glass.
  • the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor powder can be obtained by weighing and mixing a silicon nitride powder, an AlN-containing substance working out to an aluminum source, a nitride, oxynitride or oxide of Li or a precursor substance capable of becoming an oxide of Li by pyrolysis, and a nitride, oxynitride or oxide of Eu or a precursor substance capable of becoming an oxide of Eu by pyrolysis, to give a composition containing lithium in excess over the desired composition of the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor, and firing the mixture at 1,400 to 2,000° C. in a nitrogen-containing inert gas atmosphere under atmospheric pressure.
  • the obtained powder is washed with an acid solution to remove a glass component and the like attached to the surface, whereby a phosphor powder composed of substantially a single phase of Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor can be finally obtained.
  • the amount of the Li compound as a raw material is increased so as to prevent the Li content of the obtained Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor from becoming too small, because Li readily evaporates.
  • amorphous silicon nitride or a nitrogen-containing silane compound and/or an amorphous silicon nitride powder may be used.
  • nitrogen-containing silane compound examples include silicon diimide (Si(NH) 2 ) and silicon nitrogen imide (Si 2 N 2 NH). Also, such a compound may be used by mixing it with a silicon nitride powder.
  • the nitrogen-containing silane compound and/or amorphous silicon nitride compound which are a main raw material, can be obtained by a known method, for example, by decomposing an Si—N—H-based precursor compound such as silicon diimide produced through the reaction of a silicon halide such as silicon tetrachloride, silicon tetrabromide and silicon tetraiodide with ammonia in a gas phase or liquid phase state, under heating at 600 to 1,200° C. in a nitrogen or ammonia gas atmosphere.
  • the crystalline silicon nitride powder can be obtained by firing the obtained nitrogen silane compound and/or amorphous silicon nitride powder at 1,300 to 1,550° C.
  • the crystalline silicon nitride can also be obtained by directly nitriding a metal silicon in a nitrogen atmosphere, but this method requires a pulverization step to obtain a fine powder and, therefore, readily allows for mingling of impurities. For this reason, a method of decomposing a precursor, where a high-purity powder can be easily obtained, is preferably employed.
  • a material having an oxygen content of 1 to 5 mass % is used as for the nitrogen-containing silane compound and/or amorphous silicon nitride powder and the crystalline silicon nitride powder.
  • a material having an oxygen content of 1 to 3 mass % is preferred. If the oxygen content is less than 1 mass %, it becomes very difficult to produce an ⁇ -sialon phase by the reaction in the firing process and remaining of a crystal phase of the starting material or production of AlN polytypes such as 21R is disadvantageously liable to occur, whereas if the oxygen content exceeds 5 mass %, the proportion of ⁇ -sialon or oxynitride glass produced increases, though the ⁇ -sialon production reaction is accelerated.
  • a material having a specific surface area of 80 to 600 m 2 /g is preferably used.
  • a material having a specific surface area of 340 to 500 m 2 /g is more preferred.
  • a raw material having a specific surface area of 1 to 15 m 2 /g is preferably used.
  • the substance working out to the aluminum source includes aluminum oxide, metal aluminum and aluminum nitride, and these powders each may be used alone or may be used in combination.
  • the aluminum nitride powder a general powder having an oxygen content of 0.1 to 8 mass % and a specific surface area of 1 to 100 m 2 /g can be used.
  • the precursor substance capable of becoming an oxide of Li or Eu includes respective metal salts such as carbonate, oxalate, citrate, basic carbonate and hydroxide.
  • the amount of metal impurities other than the constituent components of the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor is preferably 0.01 mass % or less.
  • the content of metal impurities in the material used is 0.01 mass % or less, preferably 0.005 mass % or less, more preferably 0.001 mass %.
  • the oxide of metal Li or the precursor substance capable of becoming an oxide of Li by pyrolysis and the oxide of metal Eu or the precursor capable of becoming an oxide of Eu by pyrolysis use of a material giving an oxide having a metal impurity content of 0.01 mass % or less is also preferred.
  • the method for mixing respective starting materials described above is not particularly limited, and a known method, for example, a method of dry mixing the materials, and a method of wet mixing the materials in an inert solvent which is substantially incapable of reacting with respective components of the raw material, and then removing the solvent, may be employed.
  • a mixing device such as a V-type mixer, rocking mixer, ball mill, vibration mill and medium stirring mill may be used.
  • the nitrogen-containing silane compound and/or amorphous silicon nitride powders are highly sensitive to moisture and humidity and, therefore, the mixing of starting materials must be performed in a controlled inert gas atmosphere.
  • the mixture of starting materials is fired at 1,400 to 1,800° C., preferably at 1,500 to 1,700° C., in a nitrogen-containing inert gas atmosphere under atmosphere pressure to obtain the desired Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor powder.
  • the inert gas include helium, argon, neon and krypton, but such a gas may also be used by mixing it with a small amount of hydrogen gas. If the firing temperature is less than 1,400° C., an impracticably long period of heating is required for the production of the desired Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor powder, and the proportion of Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor phase in the powder produced is also reduced. If the firing temperature exceeds 1,800° C., there arises an undesirable problem that silicon nitride and sialon are sublimated and decomposed to produce free silicon.
  • the heating furnace used for firing of the powder mixture is not particularly limited and, for example, a high-frequency induction heating- or resistance heating-system batch-type electric furnace, a rotary kiln, a fluidizing firing furnace and a pusher-type electric furnace may be used.
  • a high-frequency induction heating- or resistance heating-system batch-type electric furnace a rotary kiln
  • a fluidizing firing furnace and a pusher-type electric furnace may be used.
  • the firing crucible a BN-made crucible, a silicon nitride-made crucible, a graphite-made crucible and a silicon carbide-made crucible may be used.
  • the inner wall is preferably coated with silicon nitride, boron nitride and the like.
  • a glass layer is attached to the surface and for obtaining a phosphor having a higher fluorescence intensity, the glass layer is preferably removed.
  • the easiest way to remove the glass layer on the phosphor particle surface is washing with an acid, i.e., a treatment of placing the sialon particle in the solution of an acid selected from sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid and removing the glass layer on the surface.
  • the concentration of the acid solution is from 0.1 to 7 N, preferably from 1 to 3 N. If the concentration is excessively high, oxidation aggressively proceeds and good fluorescence characteristics cannot be obtained.
  • the sialon-based phosphor powder is placed in an amount of 5 wt % based on the solution and kept for a desired time with stirring. After the washing, the solution containing the sialon-based phosphor powder is filtered, washed with water to flush out the acid, and dried.
  • the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon phosphor is characterized by the size and crystal form of the particle constituting the phosphor, in addition to the above-described compositional features.
  • the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor powder may have a compositional feature of having the above-described Li content and a feature of producing the phosphor powder by using an amorphous silicon nitride powder and a nitrogen-containing silane compound as raw materials and is obtained by weighing and mixing an amorphous silicon nitride powder and/or a nitrogen-containing silane compound, an Al source, a Li source and a Eu source to give a composition containing lithium in excess over the desired composition of the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor represented by formula (1), and firing the mixture in a nitrogen-containing inert gas atmosphere under atmospheric pressure.
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B are scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs showing the state of the powder after acid treatment of the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor particles obtained in Example 2 and Example 6 according to this example, where a part of secondary particles each formed by fusion/aggregation of primary particles is being observed.
  • FIG. 1A is an SEM photograph of Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor particles using amorphous silicon nitride as a raw material
  • FIG. 1B is an SEM photograph of Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor particles using crystalline silicon nitride as a raw material.
  • the phosphor is composed of particles of 1 to 2 ⁇ m. These are an automorphic primary particle of the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor particle.
  • the phosphor is composed of particles of 0.5 to 1.3 ⁇ m. This particle is a secondary particle resulting from aggregation of several Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor particle crystals, and a crystal exhibiting automorphism is scarcely observed.
  • FIGS. 2A , 2 B, 3 A and 3 B are SEM photographs showing representative examples when the particles above are pulverized into a state usable as a phosphor powder.
  • FIG. 2A is an SEM photograph of a Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor powder produced using amorphous silicon nitride as a raw material
  • FIG. 2B is an SEM photograph of a Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor powder produced using crystalline silicon nitride as a raw material.
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B are enlarged photographs of FIGS. 2A and 2B .
  • FIG. 1A is an SEM photograph of a Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor powder produced using amorphous silicon nitride as a raw material
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B are enlarged photographs of FIGS. 2A and 2B .
  • 2A which is a Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor powder produced using amorphous silicon nitride as a raw material, a large number of six-sided prismatic or six-sided pyramidal primary particles having a particle size of 1 to 1.5 ⁇ m are present and fine particles are scarcely observed.
  • the size of the primary particle diameter varies depending on the composition and the firing conditions, but the results of image analysis of the SEM photograph reveal that in our range, the average particle diameter D particle is from 1.0 to 3.0 ⁇ m. Production of a particle having an average particle diameter larger than the range above requires an extremely long time for the firing process and this is not practical. Also, an average particle diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m or less has no difference from that of particles produced using a crystalline material.
  • FIG. 2B is an SEM photograph of a Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor particle using crystalline silicon nitride as a raw material.
  • the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor powder in this example is characterized by a large primary particle and allows for little fusion/aggregation of primary particles with each other. However, all particles are not so, and production of a small particle also occurs.
  • the existence area of particles of 0.8 ⁇ m or more was 70% or more based on the total area of all particles in the measurement range. As this area is larger, the phosphor is better and as the area is smaller, reduction in the fluorescence intensity may occur.
  • FIG. 2B which is a powder using crystalline silicon nitride as a raw material
  • an automorphic primary particle is not present.
  • a particle having a size of 1 to 1.3 ⁇ m is a particle resulting from primary particles of about 0.5 ⁇ m being tightly fused. Also, many crystals of fine particle of 0.5 ⁇ m or less are present. In such powder, light scattering due to a small particle is increased and the fluorescence intensity decreases.
  • FIG. 4A shows a particle size distribution (frequency distribution curve) of the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon phosphor powder measured by a laser diffraction/scattering particle size distribution measuring apparatus
  • FIG. 4B shows a particle size distribution when using crystalline silicon nitride. This frequency distribution curve is drawn by evenly dividing the zones of sufficiently large particle (about 1,000 ⁇ m) and sufficiently small particle (about 0.02 ⁇ m) into 80 sections with a log-scale and determining the frequency on a particle volume basis.
  • FIG. 4A a particle size distribution having a single peak with the peak appearing in the vicinity of 5 ⁇ m is shown.
  • Such a particle size distribution is very preferred as a phosphor.
  • the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor powder may be weak in the fusion/aggregation and, therefore, a powder having a median diameter of 4 to 15 ⁇ m and showing a single peak can be obtained by weak pulverization.
  • the shape of the single peak is important, because the median diameter can be varied by the degree of pulverization but the peak shape is dependent on the primary particle size in the secondary particle.
  • the particle size distribution gives a particle size distribution curve having two peaks at 1.5 ⁇ m and 15 ⁇ m, revealing that when amorphous silicon nitride is used as a raw material, the properties of the powder obtained are more excellent.
  • FIG. 3B in this case, small primary particles are aggregated to form a secondary particle, and it is considered that the powder is resulting from breakage of this particle and, therefore, has the above-described two peaks.
  • the nucleation and growth of a Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor particle are thought to occur in a glass phase of Li—Al—Si—O—N system produced in raw materials in the course of temperature rising.
  • the amorphous silicon nitride or nitrogen-containing silane compound is an ultrafine powder having a particle diameter of approximately from several nm to 10 nm and is very bulky. Since this is a main component, it is believed that other components can be uniformly dispersed therein and a fine glass phase is uniformly formed at a low temperature.
  • the components of the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor are considered to dissolve in the glass phase, allowing the nucleation and growth to proceed stepwise and, in turn, enabling growth of a Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor particle having a large particle diameter and exhibiting automorphism. Combined with high bulkiness, each particle independently grows and, therefore, fusion/aggregation scarcely takes place.
  • the crystalline silicon nitride even a fine particle, has a particle diameter of about 0.2 ⁇ m and compared with the amorphous silicon nitride or nitrogen-containing silane compound, the particle size is very large. Therefore, uniform contact with Li, Al, O and N forming a glass phase cannot be ensured and in turn, a glass phase is thought to be produced locally. Also, the number of glass particles produced is estimated to be small. Since the particle diameter of existing silicon nitride is large, the raw material does not dissolve in the glass phase but the reaction to a Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor proceeds allowing glass to be present by covering the silicon nitride particle surface.
  • the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor powder can be obtained by weighing and mixing an amorphous silicon nitride powder and/or a nitrogen-containing silane compound, an AlN-containing substance working out to an aluminum source, a nitride, oxynitride or oxide of Li or a precursor substance capable of becoming an oxide of Li by pyrolysis, and a nitride, oxynitride or oxide of Eu or a precursor substance capable of becoming an oxide of Eu by pyrolysis, to give a composition containing lithium in excess over the desired composition of the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor, and firing the mixture at 1,400 to 2,000° C.
  • a phosphor powder composed of substantially a Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor can be finally obtained.
  • the production process of the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor powder may be the same as the above-described production process of the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor powder except for using, as the silicon nitride powder, an amorphous silicon nitride powder and/or a nitrogen-containing silane compound instead of a crystalline silicon powder.
  • Examples of the raw material nitrogen-containing silane compound which can be used include silicon diimide (Si(NH) 2 ) and silicon nitrogen imide (Si 2 N 2 NH). Also, a mixture of a nitrogen-containing silane compound and an amorphous silicon nitride powder may be used.
  • the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor particle may preferably be a Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor having a composition represented by formula (1), wherein the aspect ratio of the primary particle as measured by the image analysis of the scanning electron micrograph is 3 or less and the length of the short axis is more than 3 ⁇ m.
  • the upper limit of the short axis length is preferably 5 ⁇ m.
  • Such a Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor particle has high fluorescence intensity.
  • the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor powder may be characterized in that an ⁇ -sialon composition having the above-described Li content is employed, an amorphous silicon nitride powder and/or a nitrogen-containing silane compound are used as raw materials, and lithium oxide and/or a raw material capable of forming lithium oxide at a high temperature are added in excess at the production, and this powder can be obtained by weighing an amorphous silicon nitride powder and/or a nitrogen-containing silane compound, an Al source, a Li source and a Eu source to give the desired composition of the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor represented by formula (1), further adding and mixing an excess of Li oxide or precursor substance capable of becoming an oxide of Li by pyrolysis to the powder above, and firing the mixture in a nitrogen-containing inert gas atmosphere.
  • FIG. 5 is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph showing the state of powder after acid treatment of the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor particle obtained in Example 11. A part of secondary particles each formed by weakly fused primary particles is being observed.
  • FIG. 5 is a Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor particle produced using raw materials where an oxide of Li or a precursor substance capable of becoming an oxide of Li by pyrolysis is added in excess to amorphous silicon nitride.
  • the form (automorphism) of the primary particle of Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor can be distinctly confirmed.
  • This powder contains a particle where the short axis of the primary particle is more than 3 ⁇ m.
  • the cause of producing a difference in the form and aggregation state of primary particles shown in FIG. 5 is described below.
  • the nucleation and growth of a Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor particle are thought to occur in a glass phase of Li—Al—Si—O—N system produced in raw materials in the course of temperature rising.
  • the reason for difference in the size of the primary particle is described below.
  • the size of the primary particle is small.
  • the size of the primary particle is increased. This is attributable to a difference in the amount of glass phase. That is, when an excess of lithium oxide is used, the glass phase produced is increased. When the glass phase is increased, the degree of oversaturation of sialon in glass lowers and the amount of nuclei produced is decreased. In turn, the amount of raw materials supplied to one nucleus is increased, and the crystal size becomes large.
  • the aggregation state of particles is described, although this is also described above.
  • aggregation of the obtained phosphor powder aggressively occurs.
  • amorphous silicon nitride and/or a nitrogen-containing silane compound are used, the aggregation is reduced.
  • the amorphous silicon nitride and/or nitrogen-containing silane compound are an ultrafine powder having a particle diameter of approximately from several nm to 10 nm and, since this becomes a main raw material of sialon, the raw materials of sialon using amorphous silicon nitride is very bulky. In this powder, other raw materials are uniformly dispersed and come into contact with the ultrafine silicon nitride raw material. For this reason, a fine glass phase is considered to be uniformly formed at a low temperature. Moreover, due to bulkiness, the raw materials are in a state of being spatially separated and when nucleation and growth occur in such a glass phase, a powder reduced in aggregation results.
  • the particle diameter is very large compared with the amorphous silicon nitride and/or nitrogen-containing silane compound and is about 0.2 ⁇ m. Since silicon nitride is large, the raw material does not dissolve in the glass phase and the reaction to sialon is considered to proceed in such a manner that glass covers the silicon nitride particle surface. Also, the bulk of the sialon raw material using crystalline silicon nitride is small and the glass phase cannot sufficiently enjoy spatial isolation unlike using amorphous silicon nitride and/or nitrogen-containing compound. If the reaction to sialon proceeds in such a state, a secondary particle in which primary particles are strongly fused/aggregated with each other is formed.
  • Lithium oxide added in excess and the raw material capable of producing lithium oxide at a high temperature may fulfill a role as a kind of flux but greatly differs from a general flux added for the purpose of making the crystal form uniform. The following two points are the reasons therefor.
  • lithium oxide and a raw material capable of producing lithium oxide at a high temperature may have an effect of substantially enhancing the fluorescence characteristics of the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon unlike a normal flux for merely controlling the primary particle morphology of the crystal.
  • lithium oxide or a raw material capable of forming lithium oxide at a high temperature for the flux it is not preferred to use lithium oxide or a raw material capable of forming lithium oxide at a high temperature for the flux.
  • the flux becomes an unnecessary component after obtaining a phosphor and is preferably removed after the synthesis. For this reason, a substance easily removable with water or an acid is usually selected.
  • a halogen compound such as barium fluoride is selected. Lithium oxide is a hardly soluble component compared with a halogen compound and is difficult to remove after the synthesis and, therefore, this raw material is normally unemployable as a flux.
  • a fluoride as a flux, but use of a fluoride failed in producing a Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor composed of primary particles with good morphology.
  • the fluorescence intensity is reduced compared to adding lithium oxide or a raw material capable of forming lithium oxide at a high temperature. This is considered because evaporation of Li cannot be compensated for. From these studies, it has been concluded that only lithium oxide or a raw material capable of forming lithium oxide at a high temperature is suitable as a flux effective for the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor.
  • the method of adding lithium oxide or a raw material capable of forming lithium oxide at a high temperature is believed to be effective for all compositions of the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon, and the composition of the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor can be the above-described compositions.
  • the amount of lithium oxide or a raw material capable of forming lithium oxide at a high temperature added in excess over the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor powder raw material is, in terms of the metal Li amount, preferably from 0.1 to 1.25 mol per mol of the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon produced. If the amount added is less than 0.1 mol, the effect of increasing the crystal size cannot be sufficiently obtained, whereas if it exceeds 1.25 mol, the production of heterophase is increased to cause reduction in the fluorescence intensity.
  • the amount added is more preferably from 0.15 to 0.8 mol.
  • the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor powder can be obtained by weighing an amorphous silicon nitride powder and/or a nitrogen-containing silane compound, an AlN-containing substance working out to an aluminum source, a nitride, oxynitride or oxide of Li or a precursor substance capable of becoming an oxide of Li by pyrolysis, and a nitride, oxynitride or oxide of Eu or a precursor substance capable of becoming an oxide of Eu by pyrolysis, to give the desired Li-containing ⁇ -sialon, further adding and mixing an excess of Li oxide and/or an excess of a precursor substance capable of becoming an oxide of Li by pyrolysis to the powder above, and firing the mixture at 1,500 to 1,800° C.
  • the firing atmosphere is preferably performed in a nitrogen atmosphere under atmospheric pressure.
  • the production cost of the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor can be reduced.
  • the production process of the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor powder can be fundamentally the same as that described above except for using an amorphous silicon nitride powder and/or a nitrogen-containing silane compound and adding an excess of Li oxide or precursor substance capable of becoming an oxide of Li by pyrolysis in addition to the raw materials of the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon represented by formula (1).
  • An oxide of Li or a precursor substance capable of becoming an oxide of Li is added in excess, and examples of the precursor substance capable of becoming an oxide of Li by pyrolysis include respective metal salts such as carbonate, oxalate, citrate, basic carbonate and hydroxide.
  • the mixture of starting materials is fired at 1,500 to 1,800° C., preferably at 1,550 to 1,700° C., in a nitrogen-containing inert gas atmosphere under atmosphere pressure or reduced pressure to obtain the objective Li-containing ⁇ -sialon phosphor powder.
  • the inert gas include helium, argon, neon and krypton, but such a gas may also be used by mixing it with a small amount of hydrogen gas. If the firing temperature is less than 1,500° C., an impracticably long period of heating is required for the production of the desired Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor powder, and the proportion of Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor phase in the powder produced is also reduced.
  • the firing time is preferably from 1 to 48 hours. In particular, a firing time of 1 to 24 hours at a firing temperature of 1,600 to 1,700° C. is most preferred, because a phosphor particle excellent in the particle shape and composition can be obtained.
  • the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor powder activated by a rare earth element emits fluorescence having a peak wavelength of 560 to 580 nm when excitation light is injected.
  • the preferred rare earth element-activated Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor powder is caused to emit fluorescence having a main wavelength of 570 to 574 nm by injecting excitation light.
  • any of the rare earth element-activated Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphors is kneaded with a transparent resin such as epoxy resin and acrylic resin by a known method to produce a coating agent, and a light-emitting diode whose surface is coated with the coating agent can be used as a light-emitting device for various lighting devices.
  • a transparent resin such as epoxy resin and acrylic resin
  • a light emitting source in which the peak wavelength of excitation light is from 330 to 500 nm is suitable for the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor.
  • the luminous efficiency of the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor is high and a light-emitting device having good performance can be fabricated.
  • a high luminous efficiency is also obtained using a blue light source and by combining yellow fluorescence of the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor and blue excitation light, a light-emitting device giving good daytime white color or daylight color can be fabricated.
  • the emission color of daytime white color or daylight color can be controlled to fall in the warm bulb color region.
  • the light-emitting device of such bulb color can be widely used for general domestic lighting.
  • any of the rare earth element-activated Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphors can be applied to fabricate an image display device by using the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor.
  • the above-described light-emitting device may be used but the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor can also be directly excited to emit light by using an excitation light such as electron beam, electric field and ultraviolet ray, for example, can be used on the principle like that of a fluorescent lamp. Even with such a light-emitting device, an image display device can be fabricated.
  • a lithium carbonate powder, a lithium nitride powder, a europium oxide powder, an aluminum nitride powder and an amorphous silicon nitride powder obtained by reacting silicon tetrachloride and ammonia, or crystalline silicon nitride having a specific surface area of about 9.2 m 2 /g were weighed to give the composition in Table 1.
  • Table 1 the raw material composition is expressed in mol %, and in Table 2, the raw material composition is expressed in wt %.
  • a nylon ball for stirring and the weighed powders were put in a vessel and mixed by a vibration mill for 1 hour in a nitrogen atmosphere. After the mixing, the resulting powder was taken out and filled in a boron nitride-made crucible.
  • the filing density was about 0.5 g/cm 3 when using crystalline silicon nitride and about 0.18 g/cm 3 when using amorphous silicon nitride.
  • the crucible was set in a resistance heating furnace and heated in a nitrogen gas flow atmosphere under atmospheric pressure according to a temperature-rising schedule of holding the temperature at from room temperature to 1,000° C. for 1 hour and at from 1,000 to 1,250° C. for 2 hours and raising the temperature from 1,250° C. to the objective temperature shown in Table 3 at 200° C/h, whereby a phosphor powder was obtained.
  • This powder was obtained as a lump due to weak sintering and, therefore, lightly ground in an agate mortar until obtaining a powder free from a large lump and after performing an acid treatment by dipping and stirring the powder in a 2 N nitric acid solution for 5 hours, the resulting powder was dried at a temperature of 110° C. for 5 hours to obtain a powder.
  • the X-ray diffraction pattern of the powder obtained was measured, and identification of the crystal phase was performed. As a result, in all Examples, the powder was confirmed to be substantially a Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor. Subsequently, the compositional analysis of the powder obtained was performed. Oxygen and nitrogen contained in the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor were analyzed in an oxygen-nitrogen simultaneous analyzer manufactured by LECO.
  • the sample was acidolyzed with nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid under pressure, sulfuric acid was added thereto, the resulting mixture was concentrated by heating until a white fume was generated, hydrochloric acid was added thereto and after dissolving under heating, the resulting solution was quantitatively analyzed by the ICP-AES method using Model SPS5100 manufactured by SII Nanotechnology.
  • Si the sample was melted by overheating with sodium carbonate and boric acid and then dissolved with hydrochloric acid, and the obtained solution was quantitatively analyzed in accordance with the coagulation gravimetric method.
  • Li and Eu the filtrate obtained in the pretreatment of the quantitative analysis of Si was collected and quantitatively analyzed by ICP-AES.
  • Example 2 With respect to Example 2 using amorphous silicon nitride as a raw material and Example 6 using crystalline silicon nitride, the particle morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopes (SEM) 54800 manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation and JSM-7000F manufactured by JEOL Ltd. The observation was performed for the particle morphology after acid treatment ( FIGS. 1A and 1B ) and then, performed for the classified product obtained by removing extremely large particles and extremely small particles from the powder so that the powder can be used as a phosphor ( FIGS. 2A , 2 B, 3 A and 3 B). Specifically, the powder was passed through a sieve of 20 ⁇ m and fine particles were removed by the powder-to-water ratio.
  • the area of particles in each photograph was determined using an image analysis software Image J, the equivalent-circle particle diameter was determined from the area, and the average particle diameter was determined.
  • the results are shown in Table 4. Also, about 20 visually average primary particles were extracted and the average of their particle diameters was determined, as a result, the obtained value substantially agreed with the average equivalent-circle diameter.
  • the average particle diameter of the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon using amorphous silicon nitride was from 1 to 3 ⁇ m.
  • the aspect ratio was 2 or less in all Examples.
  • a primary powder In the powder using amorphous silicon nitride for the raw material, a primary powder could be clearly distinguished, but in the powder using crystalline silicon nitride, a secondary particle where primary particles are densely fused/aggregated was formed, and the image analysis was difficult. Therefore, about 20 visually average primary particles were extracted, and the average of their particle diameters was determined. The results are shown in Table 4. The primary particle diameter was about 0.5 ⁇ m and by far smaller than that when using amorphous silicon nitride.
  • the existence ratio of particles of 0.8 ⁇ m or more was determined.
  • the area of all particles in the measurement region and the area of particles of 0.8 ⁇ m or more were determined, and the ratio therebetween was calculated.
  • the results are shown in Table 4. In all samples, the area ratio was 70% or more.
  • the classified product of Example 2 was measured for the particle size distribution by using a laser diffraction/scattering particle size distribution measuring apparatus, LA-910, manufactured by Horiba Ltd.
  • the measuring method was as follows. A dispersion medium containing 0.03 wt % of SN Dispersant produced by San Nopco Limited was put into a flow cell, and a blank measurement was performed. Subsequently, the sample was added to a dispersion medium having the same composition and ultrasonically dispersed for 60 minutes. The measurement was performed by adjusting the amount of the sample so that the transmittance of the solution became from 70 to 95%. The measurement results were corrected by the previously measured blank measurement results to determine the particle size distribution.
  • FIGS. 2A and 3A show the SEM photograph of this powder.
  • Example 4A shows the results of the particle size distribution measurement.
  • the frequency distribution curve exhibited a good one-peak curve.
  • D10, D50 and D90 are shown in Table 4.
  • the specific surface area of this powder was measured by FlowSorb Model 2300 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation and found to be 1.52 m 2 /g.
  • the classified product of Example 4 was also measured for D10, D50 and D90 and exhibited a good one-peak curve as the frequency distribution curve.
  • FIGS. 2B and 3B show the SEM photograph of this powder.
  • FIG. 4B shows the measurement results of the particle size distribution.
  • the frequency distribution curve exhibited a two-peak curve.
  • D10, D50 and D90 are shown in Table 4.
  • the specific surface area of this powder was measured by FlowSorb Model 2300 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation and found to be 2.50 m 2 /g.
  • the classified product of Example 7 was also measured for D10, D50 and D90 and exhibited a two-peak curve as the frequency distribution curve.
  • D90 of Example 7 exceeded 20 ⁇ m and this is considered to result because fine particles and large particles were aggregated during measurement.
  • a phosphor powder was produced according to the formulation shown in Table 1 by the same method as in Example 1. Furthermore, the identification and compositional analysis of the crystal phase were performed by the same method as in Example 1. As a result of analysis of the crystal phase, the powder obtained was a powder composed of a Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor single phase. The analyzed composition is shown in Table 3. The x value of the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor was 0.39. The fluorescence intensity of this Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor powder was low. These results reveal that when the x-value is less than 0.45, good fluorescence intensity cannot be obtained.
  • a phosphor powder was produced according to the formulation shown in Table 1 by the same method as in Example 1. Furthermore, the identification and compositional analysis of the crystal phase were performed by the same method as in Example 1. As a result of analysis of the crystal phase, the powder obtained was a powder composed of a Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor and slight heterophase. The analyzed composition is shown in Table 3. Incidentally, the powder contained the heterophase in a very small proportion and was composed mostly of a Li-containing ⁇ -sialon phosphor and therefore, the calculation was performed in disregard of the heterophase. The x value and ⁇ of the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor were 0.9 and ⁇ 0.2, respectively. The fluorescence intensity of this Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor powder was low. These results reveal that when ⁇ is less than 0, good fluorescence intensity cannot be obtained.
  • a phosphor powder was produced according to the formulation shown in Table 1 by the same method as in Example 1 except for using crystalline silicon nitride having a specific surface area of about 9.2 m 2 /g as the silicon nitride raw material and subjected to acid washing in the same manner. Furthermore, the identification and compositional analysis of the crystal phase were performed by the same method as in Example 1. As a result of analysis of the crystal phase, the powder obtained was a powder composed of a Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor and slight heterophase. The analyzed composition is shown in Table 3.
  • the powder contained the heterophase in a very small proportion and was composed mostly of a Li-containing ⁇ -sialon phosphor and, therefore, the calculation was performed in disregard of the heterophase.
  • the x value and ⁇ of the Li-containing ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor were 0.82 and 0.0, respectively.
  • the fluorescence intensity ratio stood at the small value of 68.
  • Example 2 The phosphor of Example 2 and epoxy resin were mixed in a weight ratio of 20:100 to produce a phosphor paste.
  • This paste was coated on a blue light-emitting diode (wavelength: 470 nm) fixed to an electrode and heated at 120° C. for 1 hour and further at 150° C. for 12 hours to cure the epoxy resin.
  • the obtained light-emitting diode was lit, and the light was confirmed to be white light of daylight color.
  • the phosphor of Example 2 and a separately prepared red phosphor CaAlSiN 3 were mixed to adjust the color tone of the phosphor.
  • the results are shown in Table 5.
  • White LEDs ranging from daylight color to bulb color could be produced by combining a blue LED according to the change in the color tone shown in Table 5.
  • Example 1 11.56 0.36 2.20 22.09 63.79
  • Example 2 11.56 0.36 2.20 22.09 63.79
  • Example 3 14.08 0.55 2.15 26.43 56.79
  • Example 4 15.28 0.66 2.12 28.55 53.39
  • Example 5 11.56 0.36 2.20 22.09 63.79
  • Example 6 11.56 0.36 2.20 22.09 63.79
  • Example 7 11.56 0.36 2.20 22.09 63.79
  • Example 8 7.24 0.14 2.30 14.61 75.72
  • Comparative Example 1 7.24 0.14 2.30 14.61 75.72
  • Comparative Example 2 0.41 4.26 2.60 8.84 83.89 Comparative Example 3 0.41 3.56 2.63 6.20 87.21
  • a nylon ball for stirring and the weighed powders were put in a vessel and mixed by a vibration mill for 1 hour in a nitrogen atmosphere. After the mixing, the resulting powder was taken out and filled in a boron nitride-made crucible.
  • the filing density was about 0.18 g/cm 3 .
  • the crucible was set in a heat resistant furnace and heated by holding the temperature at from room temperature to 1,000° C. for 1 hour and at from 1,000 to 1,250° C. for 2 hours and raising the temperature from 1,250° C. to 1,600° C. at 200° C./h.
  • the holding time was set to 3 hours, and a phosphor powder was obtained.
  • This powder was obtained as a lump due to weak sintering and, therefore, the powder was lightly ground in an agate mortar until obtaining a powder free from a large lump and then subjected to an acid treatment by dipping and stirring the powder in a 2 N nitric acid solution for 5 hours.
  • the resulting powder was dried at a temperature of 110° C. for 5 hours.
  • FIG. 5 shows the results.
  • the X-ray diffraction pattern of this powder was measured to identify the crystal phase.
  • K ⁇ of Cu was used as the X-ray source.
  • the principal peak was confirmed to be Li-containing ⁇ -sialon.
  • Fluorescence characteristics are described below. Envisaging use of the phosphor in practice, a classified product obtained by removing extremely large particles and extremely small particles was employed as the sample. More specifically, large particle lumps were removed by passing the powder through a sieve of 20 ⁇ m, and extremely fine particles were further removed at the powder-to-water ratio.
  • the fluorescence characteristics were measured using FP-6500 with an integrating sphere manufactured by JASCO Corporation. The result was 270% with the same scale as in Table 4.
  • Raw materials were weighed and mixed to give the same composition as in Example 2 except for using, as the raw material, silicon diimide in place of amorphous silicon nitride powder.
  • the mixed powder was filled in a silicon nitride crucible. At this time, the filing density was 0.09 g/cm 3 .
  • the crucible was set in a resistance heating furnace and heated in a nitrogen gas flow atmosphere under atmospheric pressure according to a temperature-rising schedule of holding the temperature at from room temperature to 800° C. for 1 hour, at from 800 to 1,000° C. for 2 hours and at from 1,000 to 1,250° C. for 2 hours and raising the temperature from 1,250° C. to 1,650° C. at 200° C./h, whereby a phosphor powder was obtained.
  • the powder obtained was treated by the same method as in Example 2 and subjected to analysis of the composition.
  • the fluorescence wavelength was 572 nm, and the fluorescence intensity was 293% when expressed by the intensity ratio of Table 4.

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