US20100186891A1 - Nir-inert substrates comprising bis-oxodihydroindolylen-benzodifuranones - Google Patents

Nir-inert substrates comprising bis-oxodihydroindolylen-benzodifuranones Download PDF

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US20100186891A1
US20100186891A1 US12/669,049 US66904908A US2010186891A1 US 20100186891 A1 US20100186891 A1 US 20100186891A1 US 66904908 A US66904908 A US 66904908A US 2010186891 A1 US2010186891 A1 US 2010186891A1
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colourant
formula
nhr
substrate
infra red
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Thomas Ruch
Philippe Bugnon
Paul Brown
Véronique Hall-Goulle
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BASF SE
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
    • C08K5/3412—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having one nitrogen atom in the ring
    • C08K5/3415—Five-membered rings
    • C08K5/3417—Five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/50—Multilayers
    • B05D7/52—Two layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/04—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the partial melting of at least one layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/16—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating
    • B32B37/18—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating involving the assembly of discrete sheets or panels only
    • B32B37/182—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating involving the assembly of discrete sheets or panels only one or more of the layers being plastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/0008—Electrical discharge treatment, e.g. corona, plasma treatment; wave energy or particle radiation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D493/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system
    • C07D493/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D493/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
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    • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
    • C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
    • C09B67/0001—Post-treatment of organic pigments or dyes
    • C09B67/0004—Coated particulate pigments or dyes
    • C09B67/0008—Coated particulate pigments or dyes with organic coatings
    • C09B67/0013—Coated particulate pigments or dyes with organic coatings with polymeric coatings
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    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00—Inks
    • C09D11/02—Printing inks
    • C09D11/03—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder
    • C09D11/037—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder characterised by the pigment
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    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00—Inks
    • C09D11/16—Writing inks
    • C09D11/18—Writing inks specially adapted for ball-point writing instruments
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00—Inks
    • C09D11/30—Inkjet printing inks
    • C09D11/32—Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents
    • C09D11/322—Pigment inks
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    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/02—Emulsion paints including aerosols
    • C09D5/024—Emulsion paints including aerosols characterised by the additives
    • C09D5/028—Pigments; Filters
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    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/03—Powdery paints
    • C09D5/033—Powdery paints characterised by the additives
    • C09D5/035—Coloring agents, e.g. pigments
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/41—Organic pigments; Organic dyes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
    • Y10T428/1372—Randomly noninterengaged or randomly contacting fibers, filaments, particles, or flakes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31678—Of metal

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to a method for producing near infra-red inert substrates, including moulded polymeric articles, films, fibers and coatings and other organic and inorganic materials, by incorporating into the substrate or onto the surface of the substrate an effective amount of a bis-oxodihydroindolylen-benzodifuranone colourant.
  • the colourants of the invention have the added property of being transparent to much of the near infra-red (NIR) radiation not reflected. Thus, very little NIR radiation is absorbed by these darkly colored colourants, further limiting heat build up and allowing for the production of laser welded articles.
  • NIR near infra-red
  • NIR reflective materials include protective camouflage for military applications.
  • EP 1 217 044 discloses near infra red reflecting composite pigments comprising a white pigment coated with a near infra red transmitting organic pigment, particularly preferred the black pigment of formula
  • DE 195 40 682 discloses coating compositions for heat radiation reflecting coatings comprising at least one black pigment, at least one colour pigment, finely dispersed silicic acid and optionally white or other pigments, fillers and/or coating additives.
  • Chromofine® Black A 1103 (Dainichiseika, an azomethine-type pigment of undisclosed structure, having no Colour Index classification) is used.
  • WO 01/32 577 discloses pigmented vitreous materials, amongst which a glass plate coated with tetraethoxysilane, aqueous nitric acid and the colourant of formula
  • NIR inert means the properties of a material at wavelengths from 750 nm to 2 ⁇ m. That is, electromagnetic radiation at wavelengths from 750 nm to 2 ⁇ m is partially reflected and partially transmitted, and its energy does not or only poorly accumulate in the substrate.
  • the NIR characteristics of articles produced according to this invention are highly advantageous in applications where heat buildup due to the absorption of NIR radiation is to be minimized or where detection by NIR sensors is to be minimized.
  • the same colourants which are darkly colored, generally black or nearly black, are also found to reflect some near infra-red radiation while being transparent to much of the non-reflected NIR radiation.
  • a NIR absorbing material such as a carbon black pigmented polymer
  • a method for preparing a near infra red inert organic or inorganic substrate comprises the incorporation into the substrate, or the application onto the surface of the substrate, of a composition containing a bis-oxodihydroindolylen-benzodifuranone colourant of formula
  • R 11 and R 12 are each independently of the other C 1 -C 12 alkyl, C 1 -C 12 cycloalkyl, C 1 -C 12 alkenyl, C 1 -C 12 cycloalkenyl or C 1 -C 12 alkinyl, each of which is uninterrupted or interrupted by O, NH, NR 13 and/or S in two or more fragments each comprising at least 2 C atoms, and each of which is also unsubstituted or substituted one or more times with COOH, COOR 13 , COO ⁇ , CONH 2 , CONHR 13 , CONR 13 R 14 , CN, O, OH, OR 13 , OOCR 13 , OOCNH 2 , OOCNHR 13 , OOCNR 13 R 14 , NR 13 , NH 2 , NHR 13 , NR 13 R 14 , NHCOR 14 , NR 13 COR 14 , N ⁇ CH 2 , N ⁇ CHR 13 , N ⁇ CR 13 R 14 ,
  • R 13 and R 14 forming a ring are bound to the same atom, such as in NR 13 R 14 or CR 13 R 14 .
  • R 13 and/or R 14 which are separated by 2 or more atoms to be linked together, thus forming larger rings.
  • the compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib) is anionic, its charge may be compensated by any known suitable cation, for example a metallic, organic, inorganic or metal organic cation, such as preferably an alkali, earth alkali or transition metal, ammonium, primary ammonium, secondary ammonium, ternary ammonium, quaternary ammonium or an organic metal complex.
  • suitable cation for example a metallic, organic, inorganic or metal organic cation, such as preferably an alkali, earth alkali or transition metal, ammonium, primary ammonium, secondary ammonium, ternary ammonium, quaternary ammonium or an organic metal complex.
  • the mean size (to be calculated by particle weight) can easily be determined for example by electron microscopy or Joyce-Löbl centrifugation (such as described in EP application 07 122 749.0).
  • the particle size distribution is most adequately determined directly from the dispersion of the colourant in a solvent and/or binder, avoiding deagglomeration of eventual remaining agglomerates by using mild conditions.
  • the inorganic or organic substrate may be, for example, a naturally occurring polymer or a synthetic polymer, for example a thermoplastic, elastomeric, inherently crosslinked or crosslinked polymer.
  • a method which comprises incorporating into a thermoplastic, elastomeric, crosslinked or inherently crosslinked polymer an amount of a deagglomerated bis-oxodihydroindolylen-benzodifuranone colourant of formula (Ia) or (Ib) is effective to impart to the thermoplastic, elastomeric, crosslinked or inherently crosslinked polymer an infra red reflectance of ⁇ 20%, an infra red transmittance of ⁇ 30%, or a combined infra red reflectance and transmittance of ⁇ 25%, each at wavelengths from 850 to 1600 nm.
  • the infra red reflectance is ⁇ 25%, the infra red transmittance is ⁇ 40%, or the combined infra red reflectance and transmittance is ⁇ 30%, each at wavelengths from 850 to 1600 nm.
  • the infra red reflectance is ⁇ 30%, the infra red transmittance is ⁇ 50%, or the combined infra red reflectance and transmittance is ⁇ 40%, each at wavelengths from 850 to 1600 nm.
  • the colourants of formula (Ia) or (Ib) are both reflective and transparent, however the ratio of reflectance and transmittance depends on their particle size.
  • the reflectance (including diffracted reflectance) is much more significant with large particles, such as those having a thickness of ⁇ 0.4 ⁇ m, while transmittance is preponderant in the case of tiny particles, such as those having a size of from 0.01 to 0.3 ⁇ m, as well as in the case of dyes which dissolve into the substrate.
  • the instant colourants of formula (Ia) or (Ib) are normally obtained from the synthesis in the form of very large agglomerates and aggregates of unattractive dark colours and are highly difficult to disperse, such as the violet powder obtained according to example 12b of WO00/24 736.
  • these crude powders can easily be transformed into suitable colourants just by wet-milling them with milling aids in the presence of a solvent, preferably an alcohol, amide, ester, ether or ketone, thus obtaining particles of mean size ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ m, preferably from 0.01 to 0.3 ⁇ m, which show surprisingly very attractive black hues similar to carbon black.
  • Wet-milling can for example be performed in an attritor, such as a Dyno® or Netzsch® mill, Skandex® paint shaker or the like, for example using glass or ceramics (e.g. zirconia) pearls of size preferably from 0.1 to 3.0 mm, in particular from 0.5 to 1.0 mm.
  • the amount of alcohol, amide, ester, ether or ketone is adequately from 0.1 to 1000 parts per part of colourant, preferably from 1 to 10 parts per part of colourant.
  • the particles of size ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ m, preferably from 0.01 to 0.3 ⁇ m, can further be recrystallized in a polar solvent, preferably a neutral, polar liquid having a dipole moment ⁇ it of 2.8-6.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 18 esu, until large particles having a thickness of ⁇ 0.4 ⁇ m are obtained.
  • a polar solvent preferably a neutral, polar liquid having a dipole moment ⁇ it of 2.8-6.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 18 esu
  • this is done at high temperature, for example from 60 to 150° C., optionally under pressure especially above the solvent's boiling point.
  • wet-milling and recrystallisation can be performed simultaneously, in which case it is adequate to use mild (low-shear, low-speed) wet-milling conditions towards the end of the process if large particles are desired.
  • R 2 , R 4 , R 5 , R 7 , R 9 , and R 10 are preferably H, F or Cl, especially H, R 3 and R 8 are preferably H, NO 2 , OCH 3 , OC 2 H 5 , Br, Cl, CH 3 , C 2 H 5 , N(CH 3 ) 2 , N(CH 3 )(C 2 H 5 ), N(C 2 H 5 ) 2 , ⁇ -naphthyl, ⁇ -naphthyl or SO 3 ⁇ .
  • R 1 is identical to R 6
  • R 2 is identical to R 7
  • R 3 is identical to R 8
  • R 4 is identical to R 9
  • R 5 is identical to R 10 .
  • C 1 -C 12 Alkyl is, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, 2-methyl-butyl, n-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, n-hexyl, heptyl, n-octyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl or dodecyl.
  • Cycloalkyl is, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclopropyl-methyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexyl-methyl, trimethylcyclohexyl, thujyl, norbornyl, bornyl, norcaryl, caryl, menthyl, norpinyl, pinyl, 1-adamantyl or 2-adamantyl.
  • C 2 -C 12 Alkenyl is, for example, vinyl, allyl, 2-propen-2-yl, 2-buten-1-yl, 3-buten-1-yl, 1,3-butadien-2-yl, 2-penten-1-yl, 3-penten-2-yl, 2-methyl-1-buten-3-yl, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-yl, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl, 1,4-pentadien-3-yl, or any desired isomer of hexenyl, octenyl, nonenyl, decenyl or dodecenyl.
  • Cycloalkenyl is, for example, 2-cyclobuten-1-yl, 2-cyclopenten-1-yl, 2-cyclohexen-1-yl, 3-cyclohexen-1-yl, 2,4-cyclohexadien-1-yl, 1-p-menthen-8-yl, 4(10)-thujen-10-yl, 2-norbornen-1-yl, 2,5-norbornadien-1-yl, 7,7-dimethyl-2,4-norcaradien-3-yl or camphenyl.
  • C 2 -C 12 Alkinyl is, for example, 1-propin-3-yl, 1-butin-4-yl, 1-pentin-5-yl, 2-methyl-3-butin-2-yl, 1,4-pentadiin-3-yl, 1,3-pentadiin-5-yl, 1-hexin-6-yl, cis-3-methyl-2-penten-4-in-1-yl, trans-3-methyl-2-penten-4-in-1-yl, 1,3-hexadiin-5-yl, 1-octin-8-yl, 1-nonin-9-yl, 1-decin-10-yl or 1-dodecin-12-yl.
  • C 7 -C 12 Aralkyl is, for example, benzyl, 2-benzyl-2-propyl, 13-phenyl-ethyl, 9-fluorenyl, ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylbenzyl, w-phenyl-butyl, w-phenyl-pentyl or w-phenyl-hexyl.
  • C 7 -C 12 aralkyl is substituted, either the alkyl moiety or the aryl moiety of the aralkyl group can be substituted.
  • C 6 -C 12 Aryl is, for example, phenyl, naphthyl or 1-biphenyl.
  • Halogen is for example F, Cl, Br or J, preferably F on alkyl and Cl or Br on aryl.
  • Heteroaryl is an unsaturated or aromatic radical having 4n+2 conjugated ⁇ -electrons, for example 2-thienyl, 2-furyl, 1-pyrazolyl, 2-pyridyl, 2-thiazolyl, 2-oxazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, isothiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl or any other ring system consisting of thiophene, furan, thiazole, oxazole, imidazole, isothiazole, thiadiazole, triazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine and benzene rings and unsubstituted or substituted by from 1 to 6 ethyl substituents.
  • Heterocyclic groups are for example
  • Heterocyclic groups may also be formed by linking adjacent substituents of aryl, for example
  • composition containing the bis-oxodihydroindolylen-benzodifuranone colourant may be composed entirely of the pigment or dye, or of a mixture or solid solution of two or more thereof (especially from 2 to 10), or other materials as disclosed herein may also be present. Pigments and mixtures thereof are much preferred to dyes.
  • the bis-oxodihydroindolylen-benzodifuranone colourants of the present invention are prepared for example according or in analogy to the method disclosed in example 12b of WO00/24 736.
  • NIR inert means the properties of a material at wavelengths from 750 nm to 2 ⁇ m. That is, electromagnetic radiation at wavelengths from 750 nm to 2 ⁇ m is reflected and/or transmitted.
  • Substrates containing the present colourants, or articles coated with compositions containing the present colourants typically have a near infra red reflectance of ⁇ 20%, a near infra red transmittance of ⁇ 30%, or a combined near infra red reflectance and transmittance of ⁇ 25%, each at wavelengths from 850 to 1600 nm, in particular from 1000 to 1200 nm.
  • compositions and substrates have the highly surprising property to show a low chroma in the visible light range (400-700 nm), preferably a saturation C* of ⁇ 10, more preferably ⁇ 5, most preferably ⁇ 3.
  • a saturation C* of ⁇ 10 preferably ⁇ 5
  • ⁇ 5 preferably ⁇ 3
  • This enables to prepare superior black shades, similar to carbon black.
  • This is not the case of known organic black colourants.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment is the use of the colourants of formulae (Ia) or (Ib) in primers, preferably grey primers.
  • the primers of the invention comprise the colourants of formulae (Ia) or (Ib) and at least one white pigment adequately in a weight ratio of from 1:99 to 99:1, especially from 1:95 to 95:1. Suitable white pigments are listed in the Colour Index.
  • the grey primers of the invention preferably have a low saturation as defined above, with the additional advantage that such primer leads to a very significant lower temperature when used in combination with a basecoat comprising a low- or non-NIR-absorbing black, colour, metallic or interference pigment.
  • Their lightness value L* is not essential, it can for example vary from about 10-20 (blackish to dark grey) over 40-60 (middle grey) up to 70-90 (very light grey) depending on the requirements for a particular purpose.
  • the basecoat is preferably applied in 1, 2 or 3 layers directly on the primer coating and recovered by a topcoat. Preferably, this may be done by the so-called wet-on-wet process.
  • one or more intermediate coatings may be applied between the primer coating, the basecoat and the topcoat.
  • the invention also pertains to a multilayer coating comprising
  • Such multilayer coatings are particularly advantageous for automotive bodies.
  • the basecoat comprises a black pigment
  • black pigment should adequately be free of carbon black and transmit or reflect infra red light.
  • black pigment is or comprises a colourant of formulae (Ia) or (Ib), too.
  • the instant colourant of formula (Ia) or (Ib) is applied into or onto cases of devices comprising electronic components, such as laptop computers, mobile phones, walkmans or MP3 players, radio equipment, TV receivers, electronic cameras, measuring equipments such as GPS receivers, road, aerospace or other radars, telemeters, clinometers or theodolites, remote or radio controls or further electronic equipment, vehicle dashboards or automotive bodies, especially front hoods covering electronically controlled engines, air conditioners, brakes and sophisticated road-holding controls, such as ABS or EPS.
  • An additional advantage in electronic applications is the low conductivity of materials coloured with instant colourants of formula (Ia) or (Ib).
  • the instant colourant of formula (Ia) or (Ib) is applied into outdoor construction elements (building materials), such as roof and wall tiles, sidings, door and window frames, profiles, architectural glazing, pipes, roller or Venetian blinds, automotive, marine or aerospace parts including seats and bodies, outdoor furniture such as garden chairs and tables, or laminates on such items, artificial leather or textile materials, including in particular automotive seats as well as in yarns and fabrics of all kinds (optionally further transformed into rope, nets, awnings, felt, velvet, synthetic fur and the like), such as ceremonial or traditional dresses and other clothing (for example Very bonnets, square academic caps, Guardian velvet jackets, abbot hats, chadors, cassocks, shtreimels, Shinto eboshi hats and the like), or greenhouse foils, thus decreasing the deformation and aging and increasing the lifetime of such items, while increasing the comfort of use and saving energy for air conditioning.
  • the instant low-heating materials are also much useful in camouflage applications and leisure, sports or military equipment.
  • the properties of the instant colourants of formula (Ia) or (Ib) also enables to use them for optical fibers and items in contact with them.
  • the instant colourant of formula (Ia) or (Ib) is applied in combination with a compound absorbing in the infra-red range from 750 nm to 2 ⁇ m, for example in a weight ratio of from 1:99 to 99:1, especially from 1:95 to 95:1.
  • the instant colourant of formula (Ia) or (Ib) is printed above the compound absorbing in the infra-red range from 750 nm to 2 ⁇ m in a polychrome printing process, such as screen, offset, lithographic, flexographic, gravure or ink-jet printing processes (the details of which are well-known to the skilled artisan), onto a substrate comprising a reflective pigment, such as a white, colour, metallic or interference pigment.
  • a polychrome printing process such as screen, offset, lithographic, flexographic, gravure or ink-jet printing processes (the details of which are well-known to the skilled artisan)
  • a reflective pigment such as a white, colour, metallic or interference pigment.
  • the reflectance of the substrate areas not printed with near infra red absorbing compound through the layer comprising the instant colourant of formula (Ia) or (Ib) is excellent, enabling identification of patterns of the near infra red absorbing compound which are invisible under daylight.
  • the instant colourant of formula (Ia) or (Ib) provides a significant improvement of the contrast when used in combination with effect pigments, in particular multi-layered interference pigments, including effect pigments which show a lightness or goniochromatic flop effect in the infra red.
  • the instant colourant of formula (Ia) or (Ib) provide excellent means to manufacture security or identification elements on an object by printing, especially polychrome printing, or also to calibrate printers or other devices.
  • the instant colourant of formula (Ia) or (Ib) is preferably incorporated into the black ink. If more than one black ink is printed, the instant colourant of formula (Ia) or (Ib) is preferably incorporated into the last printed black ink.
  • the near infra red absorbing compound is substantially colourless, so that a NIR absorbing pattern can be printed onto the substrate without taking account of the image to be printed on top of it, or a coloured or black NIR absorbing compound may be used, for example carbon black, in which case the NIR absorbing pattern is printed on an area of the substrate fully to be recovered by the black ink comprising the instant colourant of formula (Ia) or (Ib).
  • the invention also relates to an item on which there is a mark showing a pattern which is different when viewed or recorded under sequential irradiation by two electromagnetic waves of different emission spectra in the range from 400 nm to 2 ⁇ m under the same or different dihedral angles to the surface of the item, or viewed or recorded under irradiation by electromagnetic waves of the same emission spectrum in the range from 400 nm to 2 ⁇ m under different dihedral angles to the surface of the item, which mark comprises at least two different colourants, preferably 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or from 11 to 25 colourants, each colourant being embedded in a wet, dry or cured ink which may be the same or different for part or all of the colourants, at least two wet, dry or cured inks preferably reflecting differently under irradiation by electromagnetic waves of emission spectrum in the range from 400 nm to 2 ⁇ m, characterized in that the mark comprises an effective amount of a colourant of formula (Ia) or (Ib), or
  • the mark comprises a pattern comprising an infrared absorber, in addition to a different pattern comprising the instant colourant of formula (Ia) or (Ib).
  • Infrared absorbers adequate to form well identifiable pattern are any substances having an ⁇ value of about ⁇ 5000 l ⁇ mol ⁇ 1 ⁇ cm ⁇ 1 at a wavelength from 715 to 2000 nm in the ink vehicle. Such infrared absorbers are well-known in the art, their chemical structure not being relevant for performing the invention.
  • the instant inks comprise adequately a binder and if desired a solvent and/or a curable compound as usual in the art, each of which components is usually a mixture of different compounds of the same or of different chemical classes.
  • the two electromagnetic waves of different spectra differ adequately when the ratio of the two quotients of the emitted energy of the first electromagnetic wave divided by the emitted energy of the second electromagnetic wave at two different wavelengths in the range from 400 nm to 2 ⁇ m is at least 3:2, preferably 10:1.
  • the application is performed preferably by printing, but it is also possible to apply marks by other means, such as by hand, using sequentially differently pigmented markers, for example with fountain, felt or ballpoint pens.
  • the item is any object, for example but in no way restricted to a paper, cardboard or polymeric sheet, including bags and labels, a cap, seal, container of any type, including boxes, casings, or objects such as automotive and other parts, consumables such as inkjet and toner cartridges, magnetic tapes or computer readable disks such as CD-R, CD-RW, DVD ⁇ R or Blu-Ray® or similar disks.
  • the mark may in particular be printed on a security item such as but not restricted to identity, bank, credit or company cards, checks, banknotes, driving licenses or any other badges, pass or permits.
  • a security item such as but not restricted to identity, bank, credit or company cards, checks, banknotes, driving licenses or any other badges, pass or permits.
  • the marks may optionally be designed to be recognized automatically. In particular, this applies to bar or mosaic codes which may be hidden on an apparently plain black area.
  • the mark is usually applied on only part of the item, for example from 0.1 to 99.9% of the item's surface, but it may also be applied uniformly on the whole item for solely decorative purposes.
  • the invention thus also provides a method for identifying an item, characterized in that said item comprises a mark comprising an effective amount of a colourant of formula (Ia) or (Ib), or an isomer or tautomer thereof, preferably a pigment of formulae (Ia) or (Ib) or an isomer or tautomer thereof, wherein said mark is recorded under irradiation by electromagnetic waves of wavelength from 715 to 2000 nm, and the mark's image is used for identifying the item.
  • a mark comprising an effective amount of a colourant of formula (Ia) or (Ib), or an isomer or tautomer thereof, preferably a pigment of formulae (Ia) or (Ib) or an isomer or tautomer thereof, wherein said mark is recorded under irradiation by electromagnetic waves of wavelength from 715 to 2000 nm, and the mark's image is used for identifying the item.
  • the mark's image is not apparent or different under irradiation by visible light (400-700 nm).
  • the mark's image under infra red may be processed in usual manner visually or instrumentally and optionally converted into a visible image.
  • the colourant of formula (Ia) or (Ib) is incorporated into a composition comprising a thermoplastic, thermoset, elastomeric, inherently crosslinked or crosslinked polymer.
  • the polymer may be, for example, in the form of a film, sheet, injection-moulded article, extruded workpiece, fiber, laminate, felt or woven fabric.
  • the polymer may also be part of a coating composition.
  • the dispersible colourant of formula (Ia) or (Ib) is either incorporated directly into the substrate, or applied to the surface of the substrate.
  • the colourant of formula (Ia) or (Ib) may be part of a coating composition.
  • the coating can comprise any coating system, or even a preformed film, which both adheres to the substrate and is compatible with the colourant of formula (Ia) or (Ib), for example, automotive coatings, marine coatings, paints, inks, laminates, receiving layers for printing applications, or other protective or decorative coatings including coatings or films used in glazing applications.
  • the colourant may also be part of a fabric treatment of formula (Ia) or (Ib).
  • thermoplastic, thermoset, elastomeric, inherently crosslinked or crosslinked polymers into which the colourants of the present invention may be incorporated into or coated onto are listed below.
  • Polyolefins that is to say polymers of mono-olefins, as mentioned by way of example in the preceding paragraph, especially polyethylene and polypropylene, can be prepared by various processes, especially by the following methods:
  • thermoplastic, elastomeric, crosslinked or inherently crosslinked polymer is, for example, a polyolefin, polyamide, polyurethane, polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyester, polyacetal, a natural or synthetic rubber or a halogenated vinyl polymer such as PVC.
  • the polymer may be a co-polymer, a polymer blend or part of a composite.
  • Polyamide is least preferred because some instant bis-oxodihydroindolylen-benzodifuranone colourant of formula (Ia) or (Ib) tend to dissolve therein.
  • the bis-oxodihydroindolylen-benzodifuranone colourants of the instant invention may be incorporated into polymer resins according a variety of known methods, provided they are in a dispersed or easy dispersible form.
  • the compounds may be added as an individual component during blending, for example, dry blending of the resin prior to processing, or the compound may be added as a blend, master batch, flush, or other concentrate in another substance prior to processing.
  • the compounds may also be added during processing steps.
  • Standard process steps for polymer resins are well known in the literature and include extrusion, coextrusion, compression moulding, Brabender melt processing, film formation, injection moulding, blow moulding, roto moulding, other moulding and sheet forming processes, fiber formation etc.
  • the dispersible compounds of formula (Ia) or (Ib) are also incorporated via dry blending, surface impregnation, suspension, dispersion and other methods known in coatings technology.
  • the film is applied to the surface by, for example, the use of an adhesive, or co-extruded onto the surface.
  • a preformed film may also be applied with heat which includes calendaring, melt applications and shrink wrapping.
  • the coating typically comprises a polymeric binder which can in principle be any binder customary in industry, for example those described in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5 th Edition, Vol. A18, pp. 368-426, VCH, Weinheim 1991.
  • a polymeric binder which can in principle be any binder customary in industry, for example those described in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5 th Edition, Vol. A18, pp. 368-426, VCH, Weinheim 1991.
  • it is a film-forming binder based on a thermoplastic or thermosetting resin, for example, a thermosetting resin. Examples thereof are alkyd, acrylic, acrylamide, polyester, styrenic, phenolic, melamine, epoxy and polyurethane resins.
  • non-limiting examples of common coating binders useful in the present invention include silicon containing polymers, fluorinated polymers, unsaturated polyesters, unsaturated polyamides, polyimides, crosslinkable acrylic resins derived from substituted acrylic esters, e.g. from epoxy acrylates, urethane acrylates, polyester acrylates, polymers of vinyl acetate, vinyl alcohol and vinyl amine.
  • the coating binder polymers may be co-polymers, polymer blends or composites.
  • Coatings are frequently crosslinked with, for example, melamine resins, urea resins, isocyanates, isocyanurates, polyisocyanates, epoxy resins, anhydrides, poly acids and amines, with or without accelerators.
  • the binder can be a cold-curable or hot-curable binder. In many instances it is desirable to use bis-oxodihydroindolylen-benzodifuranone pigment rather than dye. In these instances, the binder can be a cold-curable or hot-curable binder provided that the temperature is not high enough to cause dissolution of the bis-oxodihydroindolylen-benzodifuranone pigment; the addition of a curing catalyst may be advantageous. Suitable catalysts which accelerate curing of the binder are described, for example, in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5 th Edition, Vol. A18, p. 469, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim 1991.
  • the binder may be a surface coating resin which dries in the air or hardens at room temperature.
  • binders are nitrocellulose, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride, unsaturated polyester resins, polyacrylates, polyurethanes, epoxy resins, phenolic resins, and especially alkyd resins.
  • the binder may also be a mixture of different surface coating resins.
  • the binders are curable binders, they are normally used together with a hardener and/or accelerator.
  • coating compositions containing specific binders are:
  • Acrylic, methacrylic and acrylamide polymers and co-polymers dispersible in water are readily used as a binder in the present invention, for example, acrylic, methacrylic and acrylamide dispersion polymers and co-polymers.
  • coatings or films comprising acrylate polymers are useful in the instant invention.
  • the coating composition can also comprise further components, examples being solvents, pigments, dyes, plasticizers, stabilizers, thixotropic agents, drying catalysts and/or levelling agents.
  • solvents examples being solvents, pigments, dyes, plasticizers, stabilizers, thixotropic agents, drying catalysts and/or levelling agents.
  • examples of possible components are those described in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5 th Edition, Vol. A18, pp. 429-471, VCH, Weinheim 1991.
  • Possible drying catalysts or curing catalysts are, for example, organometallic compounds, amines, amino-containing resins and/or phosphines.
  • organometallic compounds are metal carboxylates, especially those of the metals Pb, Mn, Co, Zn, Zr or Cu, or metal chelates, especially those of the metals Al, Ti or Zr, or organometallic compounds such as organotin compounds, for example.
  • metal carboxylates are the stearates of Pb, Mn or Zn, the octoates of Co, Zn or Cu, the naphthenates of Mn and Co or the corresponding linoleates, resinates or tallates.
  • metal chelates are the aluminium, titanium or zirconium chelates of acetylacetone, ethyl acetylacetate, salicylaldehyde, salicylaldoxime, o-hydroxy-acetophenone or ethyl trifluoroacetylacetate, and the alkoxides of these metals.
  • organotin compounds are dibutyltin oxide, dibutyltin dilaurate or dibutyltin dioctoate.
  • amines are, in particular, tertiary amines, for example tributylamine, triethanolamine, N-methyldiethanolamine, N-dimethylethanolamine, N-ethylmorpholine, N-methylmorpholine or diazabicyclooctane (triethylenediamine) and salts thereof.
  • quaternary ammonium salts for example trimethylbenzylammonium chloride.
  • Amino-containing resins are simultaneously binder and curing catalyst. Examples thereof are amino-containing acrylate copolymers.
  • the curing catalyst used can also be a phosphine, for example triphenylphosphine.
  • the coating compositions can also be radiation-curable coating compositions.
  • the binder essentially comprises monomeric or oligomeric compounds containing ethylenically unsaturated bonds, which after application are cured by actinic radiation, i.e. converted into a crosslinked, high molecular weight form.
  • the system is UV-curing, it generally contains a photoinitiator as well.
  • a photoinitiator as well.
  • the novel stabilizers can also be employed without the addition of sterically hindered amines.
  • the coating may also be a radiation-curable, solvent-free formulation of photopolymerisable compounds.
  • Illustrative examples are mixtures of acrylates or methacrylates, unsaturated polyester/styrene mixtures or mixtures of other ethylenically unsaturated monomers or oligomers.
  • the coating compositions can comprise an organic solvent or solvent mixture in which the binder is soluble.
  • the coating composition can otherwise be an aqueous solution or dispersion.
  • the vehicle can also be a mixture of organic solvent and water.
  • the coating composition may be a high-solids paint or can be solvent-free (e.g. a powder coating material). Powder coatings are, for example, those described in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5 th Edition, Vol. A18, pages 438-444.
  • the powder coating material may also have the form of a powder-slurry (dispersion of the powder preferably in water).
  • Multilayer systems are possible where the bis-oxodihydroindolylen-benzo-difuranone colourant may reside in a coating which is then itself coated with another coating, such as a protective coating.
  • the compounds of formula (I) are incorporated into the coating as dispersed particles via techniques common in the art.
  • the dispersion might be combined with the incorporation into the coating composition by use of adequate solvents.
  • the coating composition according to the invention can be applied to any desired substrate, for example to metal, wood, plastic, composite, glass or ceramic material substrates by the customary methods, for example by brushing, spraying, pouring, draw down, spin coating, dipping or electrophoresis; see also Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5 th Edition, Vol. A18, pp. 491-500.
  • the bis-oxodihydroindolylen-benzodifuranone colourant as well as the white, black, colour, metallic or interference pigments are present in the instant low heating compositions independently from each other each in an “effective amount”, that is an amount that provides both the desired level of coloration for the substrate or coating and also provides the desired near infra red reflectance and transmittance.
  • the bis-oxodihydroindolylen-benzodifuranone colourant, or the white, black, colour, metallic or interference pigment are present in amounts of about 0.01 to about 50% by weight of colourant of formula (Ia) or (Ib) or white, black, colour, metallic or interference pigment, based on the total weight of the composition, especially 0.01-15%, preferably 0.1-10% or especially preferred 0.1-5% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the composition is the fully dried and cured coating.
  • the bis-oxodihydroindolylen-benzodifuranone colourant and the white, black, colour, metallic or interference pigment are incorporated into different compositions, for example different layers of a multiple coating, then the percentages are based on the weight of the respective (homogeneous) compositions, rather then on the total weight of the final composite system.
  • the colourant of formula (Ia) or (Ib) when applied to the surface of a substrate, may be present in even higher amounts, even approaching 100%, such as in a thin layer, or a layer which is part of a laminate structure.
  • a composition comprising the present colourants of formula (Ia) or (Ib) may also optionally have incorporated therein or applied thereto other additives such as anti-oxidants, UV absorbers, hindered amine or other light stabilizers, phosphites or phosphonites, benzofuran-2-ones, thiosynergists, polyamide stabilizers, metal stearates, nucleating agents, fillers, reinforcing agents, lubricants, emulsifiers, dyes, pigments, dispersants, optical brighteners, flame retardants, antistatic agents, blowing agents and the like.
  • additives such as anti-oxidants, UV absorbers, hindered amine or other light stabilizers, phosphites or phosphonites, benzofuran-2-ones, thiosynergists, polyamide stabilizers, metal stearates, nucleating agents, fillers, reinforcing agents, lubricants, emulsifiers, dye
  • the present invention also provides a near infra red inert composition or article comprising an organic or inorganic substrate, typically a polymeric substrate, and a bis-oxodihydroindolylen-benzodifuranone colourant of formula (Ia) or (Ib), or of an isomer or tautomer thereof, preferably a pigment of formula (Ia) or (Ib) or an isomer or tautomer thereof, in an amount effective to impart to the organic or inorganic substrate an infra red reflectance of 20%, an infra red transmittance of 30%, or a combined infra red reflectance and transmittance of 25%, each at wavelengths from 850 to 1600 nm.
  • the NIR inert composition or article may be a coating, film, sheet or moulded or otherwise shaped article.
  • an infra red inert composition comprising a thermoplastic, elastomeric, crosslinked or inherently crosslinked polymer and an amount of a bis-oxodihydroindolylen-benzodifuranone colourant of formula (Ia) or (Ib) effective to impart to the composition an infra red reflectance of 20%, an infra red transmittance of ⁇ 30%, or a combined infra red reflectance and transmittance of ⁇ 25%, each at wavelengths from 850 to 1600 nm.
  • a near infra red inert article comprising a substrate which is coated with a near infra red inert coating or film comprising a bis-oxodihydroindolylen-benzodifuranone colourant of formula (Ia) or (Ib).
  • a further embodiment of the invention provides a method for laser welding a layered article wherein a bis-oxodihydroindolylen-benzodifuranone colourant of formula (Ia) or (Ib) is incorporated into a polymeric composition which is in contact with a surface of a meltable substrate, preferably a polymeric substrate, containing a NIR absorbing material, such as a carbon black pigmented polymer, then NIR radiation, as from a laser, is passed through the layer containing the pigments of the invention to the underlying NIR absorbing material generating enough heat at the point of irradiation to “laser weld”, that is melt together the two materials.
  • a NIR absorbing material such as a carbon black pigmented polymer
  • the lasers used are commonly available lasers which emit at wavelengths between about 700 and about 2000 nm, for example, between about 800 and about 1500 nm.
  • FIG. 1A is a daylight picture of a sample according to example 18.
  • FIG. 1B shows a picture of a sample according to example 18 under infra red light exposure using a filter (passthrough 715-1000 nm).
  • FIG. 2 is an electronic absorption spectrum of the printed polyester substrate according to example 18, measured against blank Melinex® (reference 306 , thickness 100 ⁇ m) with a LambdaTM 15 UV-VIS spectrophotometer (Perkin-Elmer).
  • FIG. 3A is a daylight picture of a sample according to example 19.
  • FIG. 3B is a picture of a sample according to example 19 under infra red light exposure using a filter (passthrough 715-1000 nm).
  • FIG. 4A is a picture of the samples setup according to example 21, wherein the print on polyester according to example 18 is laid on top of the right side of two adjacent labels, the top one printed with an IR absorber and the bottom one printed with C. I. Pigment Black 7.
  • FIG. 4B is a picture of the same samples setup according to example 21 under infra red light exposure using a filter (passthrough 715-1000 nm).
  • FIG. 5A is a daylight picture of the samples setup according to example 22), wherein an ink comprising the compound according to example 12b of WO 00/24 736 is printed on a paper sheet, the left half of which has previously been printed with an ink comprising an IR absorber.
  • FIG. 5B is a picture of the same sample according to example 22 under infra red light exposure using a filter (passthrough 715-1000 nm).
  • FIG. 1A , FIG. 1B , FIG. 3A , FIG. 3B , FIG. 4A , FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B are all colour photographic pictures which are digitalized then converted to grayscale.
  • An about 0.3 mm thick PVC sheet comprising 0.2% of the pigment powder according to example 3 is prepared in conventional manner on a two-roll mill at 150-160° C.
  • the transmission in the wavelength range from 850 to 1600 nm varies from 65% to 83%.
  • An about 0.4 mm thick flexible PVC film comprising 0.2% by weight of the pigment powder according to example 3 is prepared in conventional manner on a two-roll mill at 150-160° C.
  • the temperature increase is determined in a heat box according to ASTM D4803-97 (2002)e1 under a commercial 250 W IR lamp.
  • the PVC film shows about 7° C. less heat build up, as compared with a similar film containing 0.2% of commercial C Black FW 200 (Evonik, C. I. Pigment Black 7).
  • Polypropylene samples comprising 0.2% of the pigment powder according to example 3 are prepared by extrusion and injection moulding at 220° C. The results are comparable to those of example 4. Especially remarkable is the disapparition of the absorption peak at around 1.2 ⁇ m, at which wavelength the transmittance ( ⁇ 77%) is even better than that of colourless polypropylene ( ⁇ 74%).
  • a mixture of the pigment powder according to example 3 and a LDPE-wax (1:1) is introduced at 0.1% in polypropylene (HF 420 FB, Borealis) at 260° C./56.2 bar (800 psi) pressure and spun to 80 dtex/10 filaments with a stretching ratio of 1:4.
  • a fine black yarn is obtained, which is woven to a polypropylene fabric showing about 10° C. less heat uptake and a lower NIR signature, compared with a similar fabric comprising with C. I. Pigment Black 7.
  • An about 25 ⁇ m LDPE (Lupolen® 1840D, Basell) blow film thick comprising 1% of the pigment powder according to example 3 is prepared in conventional manner by extrusion and blow moulding at 200° C.
  • the transmission in the wavelength range from 800 nm to 1500 nm varies from 87 to 90%.
  • a comparative sample comparing commercial C Black FW 200 (Evonik) shows values of 38 to 56%.
  • PET Arnite® D04-300, DSM samples comprising 0.02% of the pigment powder according to example 3 are prepared by extrusion and injection moulding at 280° C. The results are similar to those of example 4.
  • Coatings comprising the pigment powder according to example 3 are sprayed onto a steel plate onto which a primer comprising titanium white and aluminum flakes has been previously applied, giving a black appearance.
  • the reflectance is significantly higher than that of the primer itself in the region from 800 nm to 1.35 ⁇ m, and nearly identical from 1.35 ⁇ m to 1.6 ⁇ m.
  • a mill base is prepared by dispersing in a Skandex® 15.0 parts of the compound according to example 12b of WO 00/24 736, 13.5 parts Ciba® EFKA® 4585, 1.2 parts dimethylethanolamine (DMEA 10%), 0.3 parts Ciba® EFKA® 2550 and 70.0 parts deionized water.
  • a mill base is prepared by dispersing in a Skandex® 2% of the pigment powder according to example 3 in a PES-CAB two coat system. Coatings are sprayed onto aluminum plates giving a black appearance.
  • a varnish is prepared by dispersing in a Skandex® 6% of the compound according to example 12b of WO 00/24 736, nitrocellulose and alcohol.
  • This ink is applied with a hand coater (20 ⁇ it wet film thickness) onto a white substrate, on which an image has been applied using an ink comprising a slightly coloured NIR absorber.
  • the whole sample appears grey and the image can very uneasily be distinguished.
  • an IR filter (715-1000 nm) an image is obtained which is very similar to the image before application of the compound according to example 12b of WO00/24 736.
  • violet prints are obtained instead of desirably grey prints.
  • a varnish is prepared by dispersing in a Skandex® 3% of the pigment powder according to example 3 in a vinyl binder system (Movital® B20H, ethoxypropanol, methoxypropylacetate, diacetonealcohol). This ink is applied with a by hand-coater n° 2 (12 ⁇ m wet film thickness) onto an aluminium foil to provide a grayish black print.
  • n° 2 (12 ⁇ m wet film thickness
  • 1 Kg of clear varnish is prepared by mild stirring at 23° C. of a formulation containing 30 g Citrofoll® BII (ATBC, Jungbunz-lauer), 150 g nitrocellulose chips AH27 containing 20% of ATBC (Christ), 10 g ethylcellulose N7 (Herkules), 40 g Kunststoffharz SK (Degussa), 100 g 1-ethoxypropanol, 200 g ethylacetate and 470 g ethanol.
  • the thus obtained clear varnish has a viscosity of 18 seconds (Ford Cup n° 4).
  • a nitrocellulose ink is prepared in a Skandex® by dispersing for 2 hours in a 400 ml glass bottle 15 parts of the pigment powder according to example 3 and 230 g of glass beads of 2 mm diameter into 85 parts of the clear varnish according to example 17.
  • Application by hand-coater n° 2 (12 ⁇ m wet film thickness) on transparent polyester foil (Melinex®, reference 306 , thickness 100 ⁇ m) results in a black print.
  • Photography in daylight without filter shows an intensely coloured black image (see FIG. 1A and FIG. 2 ), whereas photography under infra red light using a filter (passthrough 715-1000 nm) shows a transparent colourless image of the print (see FIG. 1B ).
  • a nitrocellulose ink is prepared by stirring with a Dispermat® at 6000 rpm for 20 minutes in a 400 ml glass bottle 25 parts Microlith® Black C-A (containing 60% C. I. Pigment Black 7), 2 parts nitrocellulose Chips AH27 (containing 20% of ATBC, Christ), 3 parts Joncryl® 68 (BASF), 5 parts Dowanol® PM (Fluka), 18 parts ethylacetate and 47 parts ethanol.
  • Both photographs in daylight and under infra red light using a filter (passthrough 715-1000 nm) show an intensely coloured black image (see FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B ).
  • the print on polyester according to example 18 is laid on top of part of two adjacent labels, the first printed with an IR absorber and the second printed with C. I. Pigment Black 7. This set up is photographed both in daylight (see FIG. 4A ) and under infra red light using a filter (passthrough 715-1000 nm) (see FIG. 4B ).
  • the label printed with an IR absorber (top left) appears almost colourless under daylight and grey under IR light, but where it is covered by the print on polyester according to example 18 (top right), it is entirely masked under daylight ( FIG. 4A ) and appears only under IR light ( FIG. 4B ).
  • the label printed with carbon black appears black under daylight and dark grey under IR light (likely due to some partial IR reflection), but where it is covered by the print on polyester according to example 18 (bottom right), it is entirely masked under daylight ( FIG. 4A ) and appears only under IR light ( FIG. 4B ). That is, a pattern printed for example with carbon black or another colourless or coloured IR absorber, covered with a print layer according to example 18 is hidden under daylight but clearly recognizable under infra red light using a filter (passthrough 715-1000 nm), enabling excellent marking or security applications.
  • a security element is prepared by overprinting an ink containing the pigment powder according to example 3 on top of a print containing an IR absorber.
  • An IR absorber containing offset ink is first printed on the left half of paper sheets with a beaubau® apparatus (1.3 g/m 2 ).
  • An ink according to example 18 is then applied on the bottom part of the previous print by hand-coater n° 2 (12 ⁇ m wet film thickness).
  • Photography in daylight shows almost no difference between the left part with the ink according to example 18 printed on an underlayer with the IR absorber (see FIG. 5A ), whereas photography under infra red light using a filter (passthrough 715-1000 nm) reveals a large difference (see FIG. 5B ).
  • a millbase is prepared by dispersing 1.8 parts of the compound according to example 12b of WO00/24 736 in 3.6 parts of butyl acetate for 15 minutes in a Skandex® disperser. 26.5 parts of Maprenal® MF 650 are added and the mixture is dispersed again. Then, the pigment concentration is let down to 2% by adding 26.5 parts of cellulose acetobutyrate and 35.0 parts of Dynapol® H700 and finally mixing. A layer is bar-coated on glass with a 100 ⁇ m spiral bar. The transmission in the wavelengths from 800 to 1500 nm varies from 77% to 87%.
  • C Black FW 200 (Evonik, C. I. Pigment Black 7) is used instead of the compound according to example 12b of WO 00/24 736.
  • the transmission in the wavelengths from 800 to 1500 nm shows values around 22%.
  • thermosetting acrylic top coat which contains a combination of UV absorber and hindered amines (HALS), like for example Tinuvin® 900 and Tinuvin® 292 (both Ciba).
  • HALS hindered amines
  • a 50:50 pigment:aluminium reduction is prepared by mixing the millbase according to example 26 and an 8% aluminium base paint containing a 60% aluminium paste (Silverline® SS3334AR). The paint is sprayed onto aluminium plates giving a shiny black appearance. A typical thermosetting acrylic top coat is then applied, which contains a combination of UV absorber and hindered amines (HALS), like for example Tinuvin® 900 and Tinuvin® 292 (both Ciba).
  • HALS hindered amines
  • a 20:80 pigment:TiO 2 white reduction is prepared by mixing the millbase according to example 26 and a white base paint containing 20% of titanium dioxide (Kronos® 2310). The paint is sprayed onto aluminium plates giving a grey appearance. A typical thermosetting acrylic top coat is then applied, which contains a combination of UV absorber and hindered amines (HALS), like for example Tinuvin® 900 and Tinuvin® 292 (both Ciba).
  • HALS hindered amines
  • a millbase is prepared by dispersing 0.6 parts of the compound according to example 12b of WO 00/24 736 and titanium dioxide (Kronos® 2310) in 3.8 parts of xylene, then in 29.2 parts of an alkydmelamine lacquer based on F310TM (60% in Solventnaphtha® 100, Bayer) and 5.0 parts of the aminoplast crosslinker Cymel® 327 (Cytec) in a Skandex® disperser.
  • a layer is bar-coated with a 100 ⁇ m spiral bar on an aluminium plate and baked in the oven for 30 minutes at 130° C. A grey colour is obtained.
  • the pigment powder according to example 3 is spun at 0.1% concentration into PES fibres (Polyester granulate GL 6105 type, Kuag Elana GmbH) at 110 dtex/24 filaments. A fine black yarn is obtained, which is weaved to a polyester fabric showing less heat uptake and a lower NIR signature as a comparable fabric comprising 0.1% C. I. Pigment Black 7.
  • a ‘let-down’ clear is prepared by stirring 29 parts Binder A (Bayhydrol® VPLS 2378 , Bayer) and 40 parts Binder B (Bayhydrol® VPLS 2341 , Bayer), then adding individually 2.5 parts butyl glycol and 6 parts n-methyl-pyrrolidone under stirring. The mixture is stirred for 15 minutes prior to further component additions. 15 parts Crosslinker A (Bayhydur® BL 5140, Bayer) and 7.5 parts Crosslinker B (Trixene® BI 7986 ) are added separately under stirring. The subsequent mixture is stirred for 1 hour prior to further additions to ensure all components are homogeneously mixed.
  • a continuous phase is prepared by mixing 38.5 parts de-ionised water, 4.2 parts of Efka® 4580 (pigment dispersant, Ciba), 0.3 parts of Efka® 2550 (antifoam agent, Ciba) and 0.4 parts of Optigel® SH (anti-settlement agent), using a disperser equipped with a Cowles blade (toothed blade). Once homogeneous, 55.0 parts titanium dioxide pigment (Kronos® 2310) are added under stirring. Once all the pigment is incorporated, the pH of the slurry is adjusted in the range 7.5 to 8.5 by use of a 10% aqueous solution of dimethyl-ethanolamine.
  • the slurry is then predispersed using the same disperser/Cowles blade combination for 30 minutes to ensure large pigment agglomerates are adequately ‘wetted-out’ in the continuous phase.
  • the ‘wetted-out’ slurry is transferred to a re-circulation dispersion mill filled with zirconia grind media until maximum particle size of the dispersed pigment is ⁇ 10 ⁇ m according to a Hegmann grind gauge.
  • a continuous phase is prepared by mixing 65.7 parts deionised water, 10.0 parts of Efka® 4580 (pigment dispersant, Ciba) and 0.3 part of Efka® 2550 (antifoam agent, Ciba) with a disperser equipped with a Cowles blade (toothed blade). Once homogeneous, 12.0 parts Colour BlackTM FW 200 (carbon black pigment, Evonik) are added under stirring. Once all the pigment is incorporated, the pH of the slurry is adjusted in the range 7.5 to 8.5 by use of a 10% aqueous solution of dimethylethanolamine. The slurry is then further processed as in example 33.
  • a continuous phase is prepared by mixing 61.2 parts deionised water, 12.5 parts of Efka® 4580 (pigment dispersant, Ciba) and 0.3 parts of Efka® 2550 (antifoam agent, Ciba) by stirring using a disperser equipped with a Cowles blade (toothed blade). Once homogeneous, 20.0 parts of the pigment powder according to example 3 are added under stirring to the continuous phase. Once all the pigment is incorporated, the pH of the slurry is adjusted in the range 7.5 to 8.5 by use of a 10% aqueous solution of dimethyl-ethanolamine. The slurry is then further processed as in example 33.
  • This primer formulation is applied onto 1.0 mm thick glass panels using a drawdown bar to a dry film thickness of 40-50 ⁇ m, sufficient for full optical (visible light) opacity. After a flash off period of 30 minutes at ⁇ 23° C., the panels are pre-baked for 15 minutes at 80° C. to drive off excess water and solvent, followed by a stowing cycle of 30 minutes at 150° C. to achieve full cure.
  • the approximative transmission and the reflection of the cured glass panels according to examples 36, 37, 38, 39 and 40 are then measured with a LambdaTM 900 UV/VIS spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer) in the near infra-red spectral range from 700 to 1200 nm.
  • a LambdaTM 900 UV/VIS spectrophotometer Perkin Elmer
  • the grey primers according to examples 36 and 37 show about 3 to 6 times higher NIR reflectance as well as a significant NIR transmission above about 850 nm (no transmission is observed with comparative example 39 comprising carbon black).
  • the black sample according to example 38 is also superior to the black sample according to comparative example 40 both in transmission and in reflection throughout the measured range.
  • the sample according to example 38 transmits most NIR radiation and reflects a large part of the remaining, not transmitted NIR radiation, while the sample according to comparative example 40 transmits no NIR radiation and reflects about 4 times less NIR radiation than the sample according to example 38.
  • waterborne stoving formulation according to examples 32 to 40 is replaced by stoving solventborne primers and primers formulated for different curing conditions, for example ambient cured, solventborne and waterborne acrylic (and/or polyester)+isocyanate and epoxide+polyamine, 2-component primer systems.
  • the grey primer formulation according to example 37 is applied to a scale model car body by spraying.
  • a pigmented layer comprising the pigment according to example 2 of EP application 08 157 426.1 (C. I. Pigment Yellow 139 ) and a clear coat, each based on coating formulations similar to and compatible with those of example 32 to 40, are then applied wet-on-wet. Curing then leads to a very uniform colouration independently of the angle of view.
  • the model car body is then mounted on a chassis equipped with a remote control. Remote controls of relatively low heat specifications can be used without failure under sun exposure, decreasing the overall costs.
  • the primer formulation according to example 36 is applied to an automotive hood by spraying (dry film thickness ⁇ 50 ⁇ m). After curing, the primer layer is overcoated by spraying first a layer of the red composition according to example 1 of EP 1 549 706 B1 (dry film thickness ⁇ 20 ⁇ m), then in a wet-on-wet process with an usual protective transparent topcoat layer comprising UV absorbers and antioxidants (dry film thickness ⁇ 50 ⁇ m).
  • the red car hood uptakes only little heat under sun exposure and leads to enhanced durability of the coating and longer time to failure of the onboard electronic equipment (engine and brakes control systems).

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US20120269975A1 (en) * 2009-10-27 2012-10-25 E.I. Dupont De Nemours And Company Process for the production of a dark-color multi-layer coating
US20120269965A1 (en) * 2009-10-27 2012-10-25 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for the production of a dark-color multi-layer coating
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US10436959B2 (en) 2012-12-27 2019-10-08 Fujifilm Corporation Composition for color filter, infrared transmission filter and production method thereof, and infrared sensor
US20220299643A1 (en) * 2015-10-19 2022-09-22 Skansense S.L.U. Obtaining data from targets using imagery and other remote sensing data
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US11952499B2 (en) 2018-02-12 2024-04-09 Hubergroup Italia Layer sequence with colour flop effect including platelet-shaped effect pigments
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CN101755013B (zh) 2014-05-07
ES2436495T3 (es) 2014-01-02
KR20100044857A (ko) 2010-04-30
JP2010534726A (ja) 2010-11-11
WO2009010521A2 (en) 2009-01-22
KR101566041B1 (ko) 2015-11-04
RU2500696C2 (ru) 2013-12-10
EP2173816B1 (en) 2013-10-16
BRPI0814282A2 (pt) 2015-02-03
JP5587188B2 (ja) 2014-09-10
EP2173816A2 (en) 2010-04-14
CN101755013A (zh) 2010-06-23
US20150147493A1 (en) 2015-05-28
RU2500696C9 (ru) 2014-08-10
US9732201B2 (en) 2017-08-15
WO2009010521A3 (en) 2009-12-10
RU2010105676A (ru) 2011-08-27

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