US20100054746A1 - Multi-port accumulator for radio-over-fiber (RoF) wireless picocellular systems - Google Patents

Multi-port accumulator for radio-over-fiber (RoF) wireless picocellular systems Download PDF

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Publication number
US20100054746A1
US20100054746A1 US11/880,839 US88083907A US2010054746A1 US 20100054746 A1 US20100054746 A1 US 20100054746A1 US 88083907 A US88083907 A US 88083907A US 2010054746 A1 US2010054746 A1 US 2010054746A1
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Prior art keywords
rof
port
transponder
tail cable
transponders
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Abandoned
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US11/880,839
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English (en)
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Eric Raymond Logan
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Corning Research and Development Corp
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Corning Optical Communications LLC
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Application filed by Corning Optical Communications LLC filed Critical Corning Optical Communications LLC
Priority to US11/880,839 priority Critical patent/US20100054746A1/en
Assigned to CORNING CABLE SYSTEMS LLC reassignment CORNING CABLE SYSTEMS LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LOGAN, ERIC RAYMOND
Priority to TW97127849A priority patent/TW200919992A/zh
Priority to PCT/US2008/008929 priority patent/WO2009014710A1/en
Priority to JP2010518212A priority patent/JP2010534450A/ja
Priority to CN200880100344.2A priority patent/CN101803246B/zh
Priority to EP08780291A priority patent/EP2168272A1/en
Publication of US20100054746A1 publication Critical patent/US20100054746A1/en
Priority to US13/360,204 priority patent/US8867919B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/80—Optical aspects relating to the use of optical transmission for specific applications, not provided for in groups H04B10/03 - H04B10/70, e.g. optical power feeding or optical transmission through water
    • H04B10/806—Arrangements for feeding power
    • H04B10/808—Electrical power feeding of an optical transmission system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
    • H04B10/2575—Radio-over-fibre, e.g. radio frequency signal modulated onto an optical carrier
    • H04B10/25752—Optical arrangements for wireless networks
    • H04B10/25753—Distribution optical network, e.g. between a base station and a plurality of remote units
    • H04B10/25754—Star network topology
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08—Access point devices
    • H04W88/085—Access point devices with remote components

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to wireless communication systems, and in particular relates to transponders and transponder systems and methods used in optical-fiber-based wireless picocellular systems for radio-over-fiber (RoF) communication.
  • RoF radio-over-fiber
  • Wireless communication is rapidly growing, with ever-increasing demands for high-speed mobile data communication.
  • so-called “wireless fidelity” or “WiFi” systems and wireless local area networks (WLANs) are being deployed in many different types of areas (coffee shops, airports, libraries, etc.).
  • Wireless communication systems communicate with wireless devices called “clients,” which must reside within the wireless range or “cell coverage area” in order to communicate with the access point device.
  • Picocells are radio-frequency (RF) coverage areas having a radius in the range from about a few meters up to about 20 meters. Because a picocell covers a small area, there are typically only a few users (clients) per picocell. Picocells also allow for selective wireless coverage in small regions that otherwise would have poor signal strength when covered by larger cells created by conventional base stations.
  • RF radio-frequency
  • picocells are created by and centered on a wireless access point device connected to a head-end controller.
  • the wireless access point device includes digital information processing electronics, an RF transmitter/receiver, and an antenna operably connected to the RF transmitter/receiver.
  • the size of a given picocell is determined by the amount of RF power transmitted by the access point device, the receiver sensitivity, antenna gain and the RF environment, as well as by the RF transmitter/receiver sensitivity of the wireless client device.
  • Client devices usually have a fixed RF receiver sensitivity, so that the above-mentioned properties of the access point device mainly determine the picocell size.
  • Combining a number of access point devices connected to the head-end controller creates an array of picocells that cover an area called a “picocellular coverage area.” A closely packed picocellular array provides high per-user data-throughput over the picocellular coverage area.
  • Prior art wireless systems and networks are wire-based signal distribution systems where the access point devices are treated as separate processing units linked to a central location. This makes the wireless system/network relatively complex and difficult to scale, particularly when many picocells need to cover a large region. Further, the digital information processing performed at the access point devices requires that these devices be activated and controlled by the head-end controller, which further complicates the distribution and use of numerous access point devices to produce a large picocellular coverage area.
  • Radio-over-Fiber (RoF) wireless picocellular systems utilized optical fibers to transmit the RF signals to RoF transponders that convert the RF optical signals to electrical RF signals and then to wireless electromagnetic (EM) signals, and vice versa.
  • the RoF transponders generally do not require any signal processing capability, thereby simplifying the distribution of the RoF transponders to produce a large picocellular coverage area.
  • RoF wireless picocellular systems are generally robust, there are some shortcomings.
  • One shortcoming relates to the relative difficulty in manufacturing and deploying an optical fiber cable having a linear array of transponders.
  • Each transponder needs to be optically coupled to an uplink optical fiber and a downlink optical fiber as well as to an electrical power line, usually via a “tether cable.” This involves the tedious and time-consuming process of accessing the uplink and downlink optical fibers and the electrical power line in the cable, splicing the optical fibers and electrical power line, and then connecting them to the transponder.
  • Another shortcoming of the linear array approach for distributing transponders is that the approach is not readily scalable once the system is deployed. This makes it difficult to quickly and inexpensively change the picocell coverage area to accommodate the changing needs or geometry of the particular wireless environment.
  • One aspect of the invention is a multi-port accumulator apparatus for operably supporting two or more RoF transponders and for providing a connection to a tail cable that carries uplink and downlink optical signals and electrical power.
  • the apparatus includes a housing and two or more RoF transponder ports supported by the housing, with each RoF transponder port configured to operably connect to one of the RoF transponders.
  • the apparatus also includes a tail cable port supported by the housing and configured to operably connect to the tail cable.
  • the tail cable port is optically and electrically connected to each RoF transponder port so as to provide the uplink and downlink optical signals and the electrical power to each RoF transponder.
  • Another aspect of the invention is a method of forming a RoF wireless picocellular coverage area.
  • the method includes operably supporting two or more RoF transponders on a housing, and providing downlink optical signals for the RoF transponders to a tail cable port on the housing via a tail cable.
  • the method further includes distributing the downlink optical signals through the housing to one or more of the RoF transponders so that the one or more RoF transponders contribute to forming a picocellular coverage area.
  • the apparatus includes a housing, and a plurality of RoF transponder ports supported by the housing. Each RoF transponder port is adapted to operably connect with one of the RoF transponders.
  • the apparatus also includes a tail cable optically coupled within the housing to the plurality of RoF transponder ports so as to provide for optical transmission of uplink and downlink optical signals between the tail cable and the plurality of RoF transponder ports.
  • the tail cable is also electrically coupled within the housing to the plurality of RoF transponder ports so as to provide electrical power to each of the plurality of RoF transponder ports.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a generalized embodiment of an optical-fiber-based RoF wireless picocellular system showing a single transponder and its associated picocell and picocell coverage area;
  • FIG. 2 is a detailed schematic diagram of an example embodiment of a head-end unit for the system of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 is a detailed schematic diagram of an example embodiment of the distribution unit and transponder of the system of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 4 is a close-up view of an alternative example embodiment for the transponder shown in FIG. 3 that includes a transmitting antenna element and a receiving antenna element within the transponder housing along with reflectors that enhance the directivity of the antenna elements;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective diagram of an example embodiment of a multi-port accumulator according to the present invention that has four transponder ports;
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view of an example embodiment of the multi-port accumulator of FIG. 5 with the top wall removed, showing the internal uplink and downlink optical fiber sections and the electrical power line sections that connect the tail cable port to the transponder ports;
  • FIG. 7 is a side view of the multi-port accumulator of FIG. 6 showing the tail cable connected to tail cable port;
  • FIG. 8 is the same as FIG. 7 , but with the sidewall removed to illustrate the optical and electrical connections between the tail cable port and one of the transponder ports;
  • FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 are the same as FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 , respectively, and illustrate an example embodiment of a pre-stubbed configuration of the multi-port accumulator and tail cable;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an example embodiment of an RoF wireless picocellular system according to the present invention similar to that shown in FIG. 1 but that utilizes a number of multi-port accumulators;
  • FIG. 13 is an example embodiment of a transponder for use with the multi-port accumulator and that includes an antenna system with adjustable antenna directionality;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic plan view of an example embodiment of a multi-port accumulator having a hexagonal-shaped housing that supports six transponders;
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic plan view of an example embodiment of a multi-port accumulator having a triangular-shaped housing that supports three transponders.
  • system 10 is adapted to form a picocell 40 substantially centered about transponder 30 .
  • One or more transponders 30 form a picocellular coverage area 44 .
  • Distribution unit 26 is adapted to divide the primary optical fiber RF communication link 34 into a number of secondary RF optical fiber communication links (hereinafter, “tail cables”) 36 that facilitate distributing a number of transponders 30 throughout a given infrastructure.
  • Head-end unit 20 is adapted to perform or to facilitate any one of a number of RoF applications, such as radio-frequency identification (RFID), wireless local-area network (WLAN) communication, or cellular phone service to provide non-limiting examples.
  • RFID radio-frequency identification
  • WLAN wireless local-area network
  • Client device 45 includes an antenna 46 (e.g., a wireless card) adapted to receive and/or send wireless electromagnetic RF signals.
  • FIG. 2 is a detailed schematic diagram of an example embodiment of head-end unit 20 of system 10 of FIG. 1 .
  • Head-end unit 20 includes a service unit 50 that provides electrical RF service signals for a particular wireless service or application.
  • service unit 50 provides electrical RF service signals by passing (or conditioning and then passing) such signals from one or more outside networks 52 . In a particular example embodiment, this includes providing WLAN signal distribution as specified in the IEEE 802.11 standard, i.e., in the frequency range from 2.4 to 2.5 GHz and from 5.0 to 6.0 GHz.
  • service unit 50 provides electrical RF service signals by generating the signals directly.
  • service unit 50 coordinates the delivery of the electrical RF service signals between client devices within picocellular coverage area 44 .
  • Service unit 50 is electrically coupled to an electrical-to-optical (E/O) converter 60 that receives an electrical RF service signal from the service unit and converts it to a corresponding optical signal.
  • E/O converter 60 includes a laser suitable for delivering sufficient dynamic range for the RF-over-fiber applications of the present invention, and optionally includes a laser driver/amplifier electrically coupled to the laser.
  • suitable lasers for E/O converter 60 include laser diodes, distributed feedback (DFB) lasers, Fabry-Perot (FP) lasers, and vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs).
  • Head-end unit 20 also includes an optical-to-electrical (O/E) converter 62 electrically coupled to service unit 50 .
  • O/E converter 62 receives an optical RF service signal and converts it to a corresponding electrical signal.
  • O/E converter is a photodetector, or a photodetector electrically coupled to a linear amplifier.
  • E/O converter 60 and O/E converter 62 constitute a “converter pair unit” 66 .
  • service unit 50 includes an RF signal modulator/demodulator (M/D) unit 70 that generates an RF carrier of a given frequency and then modulates RF signals onto the carrier, and that also demodulates received RF signals.
  • Service unit 50 also includes a digital signal processing unit (“digital signal processor”) 72 , a central processing unit (CPU) 74 for processing data and otherwise performing logic and computing operations, and a memory unit 76 for storing data, such as RFID tag information or data to be transmitted over the WLAN.
  • digital signal processor digital signal processor
  • CPU central processing unit
  • memory unit 76 for storing data, such as RFID tag information or data to be transmitted over the WLAN.
  • the different frequencies associated with the different signal channels are created by M/D unit 70 generating different RF carrier frequencies based on instructions from CPU 74 .
  • the common frequencies associated with a particular combined picocell are created by M/D unit 70 generating the same RF carrier frequency.
  • FIG. 3 is a detailed schematic diagram of an example embodiment of the portion of system 10 of FIG. 1 that includes distribution unit 26 and transponder 30 .
  • Transponder 30 includes a converter pair 66 , wherein the E/O converter 60 and the O/E converter 62 therein are electrically coupled to an antenna system 100 via an RF signal-directing element 106 , such as a circulator.
  • Signal-directing element 106 serves to direct the downlink and uplink electrical RF service signals, as discussed below.
  • antenna system 100 includes one or more directional patch antennas, such as disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/504,999 filed Aug. 16, 2006, which patent application is incorporated herein by reference.
  • Transponder 30 also includes a housing 102 that in an example embodiment houses some or all of the various transponder elements. In an example embodiment, some or all of antenna system 100 lies outside of housing 102 . In an example embodiment, housing 102 houses only the elements making up converter pair unit 66 .
  • FIG. 4 is a close-up view of an alternative example embodiment for transponder 30 wherein antenna system 100 includes two antennae: a transmitting antenna 101 T electrically coupled to O/E converter 62 , and a receiving antenna 101 R electrically coupled to E/O converter 60 .
  • the two-antenna embodiment obviates the need for RF signal-directing element 106 .
  • the example embodiment of transponder 30 in FIG. 3 includes DC power converter 180 within converter pair unit 66 , and that antenna system 100 is within housing 102 .
  • FIG. 4 also illustrates an example embodiment wherein transponder 30 includes a connector 31 adapted to connect to a corresponding connector plug 37 on tail cable 36 .
  • FIG. 4 also illustrates an example embodiment that includes at least one antenna reflector 104 arranged relative to antenna system 100 so as to enhance the directionality of the antenna system, such as described in aforementioned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/703,016.
  • Transponders 30 of the present invention differ from the typical access point device associated with non-RoF wireless communication systems in that the preferred embodiment of the transponder has just a few signal-conditioning elements and no digital information processing capability. Rather, the information processing capability is located remotely in head-end unit 20 , and in a particular example, in service unit 50 . This allows transponder 30 to be very compact and virtually maintenance free. In addition, the preferred example embodiment of transponder 30 consumes very little power, is transparent to RF signals, and does not require a local power source, as described below.
  • optical fiber RF communication link 34 and tail cable 36 includes at least one downlink optical fiber 136 D and at least one uplink optical fiber 136 U.
  • Downlink and uplink optical fibers 136 D and 136 U in optical fiber RF communication link 34 optically couple converter pair 66 at head-end unit 20 to distribution unit 26
  • the downlink and uplink optical fibers in tail cable 36 connect the distribution unit 26 to the converter pair at transponder 30 .
  • each transponder 30 is optically coupled to head-end unit 20 .
  • the optical-fiber-based wireless picocellular system 10 of the present invention employs a known telecommunications wavelength, such as 850 nm, 1300 nm, or 1550 nm. In another example embodiment, system 10 employs other less common but suitable wavelengths such as 980 nm.
  • Example embodiments of system 10 include either single-mode optical fiber or multimode optical fiber for downlink and uplink optical fibers 136 D and 136 U.
  • the particular type of optical fiber depends on the application of system 10 . For many in-building deployment applications, maximum transmission distances typically do not exceed 300 meters. The maximum length for the intended RoF transmission needs to be taken into account when considering using multi-mode optical fibers for downlink and uplink optical fibers 136 D and 136 U. For example, it has been shown that a 1400 MHz.km multi-mode fiber bandwidth-distance product is sufficient for 5.2 GHz transmission up to 300 m.
  • the present invention employs 50 ⁇ m multi-mode optical fiber for the downlink and uplink optical fibers 136 D and 136 U, and E/O converters 60 that operate at 850 nm using commercially available VCSELs specified for 10 Gb/s data transmission.
  • OM3 50 ⁇ m multi-mode optical fiber is used for the downlink and uplink optical fibers 136 D and 136 U.
  • Wireless system 10 also includes a power supply 160 that generates an electrical power signal 162 .
  • Power supply 160 is electrically coupled to head-end unit 20 for powering the power-consuming elements therein.
  • an electrical power line 168 runs through the head-end unit and through distribution unit 26 to each transponder 30 to power E/O converter 60 and O/E converter 62 in converter pair 66 , the optional RF signal-directing element 106 (unless element 106 is a passive device such as a circulator), and any other power-consuming elements (not shown).
  • electrical power line 168 runs from distribution unit 26 that also optionally includes a power supply 160 ( FIG. 3 ).
  • electrical power line 168 includes two wires 170 and 172 that carry a single voltage and that are electrically coupled to a DC power converter 180 at transponder 30 .
  • DC power converter 180 is electrically coupled to E/O converter 60 and O/E converter 62 , and changes the voltage or levels of electrical power signal 162 to the power level(s) required by the power-consuming components in transponder 30 .
  • DC power converter 180 is either a DC/DC power converter, or an AC/DC power converter, depending on the type of power signal 162 carried by electrical power line 168 .
  • electrical power line 168 includes standard electrical-power-carrying electrical wire(s), such as a twisted copper pair (e.g., 18-26 AWG (American Wire Gauge)) used in standard telecommunications and other applications.
  • electrical power line 168 (dashed line) runs directly from power supply 160 to transponder 30 rather than from or through head-end unit 20 .
  • electrical power line 168 includes more than two wires and carries multiple voltages.
  • head-end unit 20 is operably coupled to an outside network 52 via a network link 53 ( FIG. 2 ).
  • a RoF wireless picocellular system that employs a linear array of transponders has some shortcomings relating to its manufacture and deployment. Accordingly, an aspect of the present invention addresses these and other shortcomings by consolidating transponders 30 into a more compact and more easily manufacturable and deployable RoF wireless picocellular system.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective diagram of an example embodiment of a multi-port accumulator apparatus 200 (“multi-port accumulator”) according to the present invention.
  • Multi-port accumulator 200 includes a housing 202 having a number of sidewalls 204 , a top wall 206 and a bottom wall 208 .
  • Housing 202 includes two or more transponder connector ports 212 formed in corresponding two or more of sidewalls 204 .
  • Multi-port accumulator 200 of FIG. 5 illustrates an example embodiment of a rectangular (square) housing 202 having four sidewalls 204 A, 204 B, 204 C and 204 D with four associated RoF transponder connector ports (“transponder ports”) 212 A, 212 B, 212 C and 212 D.
  • Housing 202 also includes a tail cable port 214 on top wall 206 .
  • Housing 202 can generally be made of a number of suitable materials, such as metal or plastic.
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view of multi-port accumulator 200 with top wall 206 removed, showing tail cable connector port (“tail cable port”) 214 and four transponders 30 A, 30 B, 30 C and 30 D operably coupled to the device via associated transponder ports 212 A, 212 B, 212 C and 212 D.
  • Device 200 includes, for each transponder port 212 , optical fiber sections 236 U and 236 D that correspond to uplink and downlink optical fibers 136 U and 136 D in tail cable 36 .
  • each optical fiber section 236 UA and 236 DA is optically connected at one end to transponder port 212 A and at its opposite end to tail cable port 214 , etc.
  • device 200 includes for each transponder port 212 an electrical power line section 268 connected at one end to the transponder port and at its opposite end to tail cable port 214 .
  • electrical power line section 268 A electrically connects transponder port 212 A to tail cable port 214 , etc.
  • FIG. 7 is a side view of the multi-port accumulator 200 of FIG. 6 . showing the connection of tail cable 36 to the multi-port accumulator using tail cable connector plug 37 connected to tail cable port 214 .
  • FIG. 8 is a side view of device 200 as shown in FIG. 7 with sidewall 204 B removed, illustrating the optical and electrical connections between tail cable port 214 and transponder port 212 C via optical fiber sections 236 UC, 236 DC and electrical power line section 168 C.
  • the other transponder ports 212 A, 212 B and 212 C are similarly connected to tail cable port 214 .
  • FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 are similar to FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 , respectively, and illustrate an example embodiment of multi-port accumulator 200 and tail cable 36 in a pre-stubbed configuration that does not require tail cable port 214 .
  • pre-stubbed configuration embodiment rather than using separate optical fiber sections 236 U and 236 D to connect to each RF transponder port 212 , uplink and downlink optical fibers 136 U and 136 D are stripped out of the tail cable and connected directly to associated RF transponder ports.
  • tail cable 36 includes a connector plug 37 at the end opposite multi-port accumulator 200 for connecting to distribution unit 26 at a mating connector socket 27 ( FIG. 3 ).
  • further embodiments of the present invention comprise tail cables, similar to tale cable 36 , that include a connector plug, similar to the connector plug 37 , rather than cable ports, such as cable ports 212 A- 212 D, to connect the transponders, such as transponders 30 .
  • Even further embodiments of the present invention include multi-port accumulators with permanently mounted cable assemblies to which transponders are permanently connected.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an example embodiment of an RoF wireless picocellular system 10 similar to that shown in FIG. 1 but that utilizes one or more multi-port accumulators 200 according to the present invention to deploy transponders 30 . Note that the lower-most multi-port accumulator in FIG. 11 is in the aforementioned pre-stubbed configuration discussed in connection with FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 .
  • service unit 50 in head-end unit 20 generates an electrical downlink RF service signal SD (“electrical signal SD”) corresponding to its particular application.
  • electrical signal SD electrical downlink RF service signal SD
  • this is accomplished by digital signal processor 72 providing RF M/D unit 70 with an electrical signal (not shown) that is modulated onto an RF carrier to generate a desired electrical signal SD.
  • Electrical signal SD is received by E/O converter 60 , which converts this electrical signal into a corresponding optical downlink RF signal SD′ (“optical signal SD′”), which is then directed to a number (e.g., five) of downlink optical fibers 134 D of primary optical fiber RF communication link 34 .
  • optical signal SD′ is tailored to have a given modulation index.
  • the modulation power of E/O converter 60 is controlled (e.g., by one or more gain-control amplifiers, not shown) to vary the transmission power from antenna system 100 .
  • the amount of power provided to antenna system 100 is varied to define the size of picocell coverage area 44 of the associated picocell 40 .
  • Optical signal SD′ travels over downlink optical fibers 134 D to distribution unit 26 , which serves to direct signals SD′ to the downlink optical fibers 136 D of the five tail cables 36 .
  • Optical signal SD′ then travels over the respective tail cables 36 to the associated multi-port accumulator 200 .
  • Optical signals SD′ in each downlink optical fiber 136 D are then directed to the associated downlink optical fiber section 236 D via tail cable port 214 and thus to the associated transponder connector port 212 .
  • Each optical signal SD′ is then received by O/E converter 62 in the associated transponder 30 .
  • Each O/E converter 62 converts optical signal SD′ back into electrical signal SD, which then travels to signal-directing element 106 .
  • Signal-directing element 106 then directs electrical signal SD to antenna system 100 .
  • Electrical signal SD is fed to antenna system 100 , causing it to radiate a corresponding electromagnetic downlink RF signal SD′′ (“electromagnetic signal SD′′”) to create an associated picocellular coverage area.
  • FIG. 12 is a close-up plan view of one of the multi-port accumulators 200 of FIG. 11 , showing the picocellular coverage area 44 associated with the multi-port accumulator. Because antenna system 100 of each transponder 30 supported by multi-port accumulator 200 is directional, picocellular coverage area 44 is made up of two or more sub-areas 44 A, 44 B, . . . etc.—such as sub-areas 44 A, 44 B, 44 C and 44 D as shown in FIG. 12 . If a client device 45 is within one of the picocellular coverage sub-areas (e.g., sub-area 44 A as shown in FIG. 12 ), the client device will receive electromagnetic signal SD′′ via client device antenna 46 ( FIG.
  • Antenna 46 converts electromagnetic signal SD′′ into electrical signal SD in the client device (signal SD is not shown therein).
  • Client device 45 then processes electrical signal SD, e.g., stores the signal information in memory, displays the information as an e-mail or text message, etc.
  • client device 45 generates an electrical uplink RF signal SU (not shown in the client device), which is converted into an electromagnetic uplink RF signal SU′′ (“electromagnetic signal SU′′”) by antenna 46 .
  • electromagnetic signal SU′′ is detected by antenna system 100 of the transponder 30 A.
  • Antenna system 100 converts electromagnetic signal SU′′ back into electrical signal SU.
  • Electrical signal SU is directed by signal-directing element 106 to E/O converter 60 , which converts this electrical signal into a corresponding optical uplink RF signal SU′ (“optical signal SU′”), which is then directed into uplink optical fiber section 236 U at transponder port 212 A.
  • Optical signal SU′ travels over optical fiber section 236 U to tail cable port 214 , which serves to direct this optical signal onto the associated uplink optical fiber 136 U of the associated tail cable 36 connected to the tail cable port.
  • Optical signal SU′ travels over uplink optical fiber 136 U to distribution unit 26 , where it is directed to the associated uplink optical fiber 134 U of primary RF optical fiber communication link 134 .
  • Optical signal SU′ then travels over primary RF optical fiber communication link 134 to head-end unit 20 , where it is received by O/E converter 62 .
  • O/E converter 62 converts optical signal SU′ back into electrical signal SU, which is then directed to service unit 50 .
  • Service unit 50 receives and processes signal SU, which in an example embodiment includes one or more of the following: storing the signal information; digitally processing or conditioning the signal; sending the signal on to one or more outside networks 52 via network links 224 ; and sending the signal to one or more client devices 45 in one or more of the other picocellular coverage areas 44 or sub-areas 44 A, 44 B, etc.
  • the processing of signal SU includes demodulating this electrical signal in RF signal M/D unit 70 , and then processing the demodulated signal in digital signal processor 72 .
  • FIG. 13 is an example embodiment of transponder 30 that includes an antenna system 100 that has adjustable directivity.
  • Transponder 30 of FIG. 13 includes two or more antenna elements 101 such as the three antenna elements 101 A, 101 B and 101 C shown, each having a different directivity (i.e., EM radiation pattern).
  • Antenna elements 101 are electrically connected to an antenna switch 300 that switches among the antenna element(s) 101 of antenna system 100 to be used.
  • antenna element 101 A is configured to provide coverage for all or substantially all of picocell coverage area 44
  • antenna element 101 B is configured to cover two picocell coverage sub-areas (say, sub-areas 44 A and 44 B)
  • antenna element 101 C is configured to cover picocell coverage sub-area 44 A.
  • antenna switch 300 includes an antenna 302 and is configured to be switchable via a wireless switching signal SS received by antenna 302 .
  • switching signal SS is non-wireless and originates from head-end unit 20 or from distribution unit 26 .
  • multi-port accumulator 200 is described above in connection with a rectangular-shaped housing 202 that supports four transponders 30 .
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic plan view of an example embodiment of a multi-port accumulator 200 having a hexagonal-shaped that operably supports six transponders 30 .
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic plan view of an example embodiment of a multi-port accumulator 200 having a triangular-shaped housing that operably supports three transponders 30 .
  • Further embodiments of the present invention include alternative accumulators comprising any number of transponders in any geometric arrangement.

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US11/880,839 2007-07-24 2007-07-24 Multi-port accumulator for radio-over-fiber (RoF) wireless picocellular systems Abandoned US20100054746A1 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/880,839 US20100054746A1 (en) 2007-07-24 2007-07-24 Multi-port accumulator for radio-over-fiber (RoF) wireless picocellular systems
TW97127849A TW200919992A (en) 2007-07-24 2008-07-22 Multi-port accumulator for radio-over-fiber (RoF) wireless picocellular systems
PCT/US2008/008929 WO2009014710A1 (en) 2007-07-24 2008-07-23 Multi-port accumulator for radio-over-fiber (rof) wireless picocellular systems
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