CN101803246B - 用于光纤无线电(RoF)无线微微蜂窝系统的多端口收集器 - Google Patents

用于光纤无线电(RoF)无线微微蜂窝系统的多端口收集器 Download PDF

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CN101803246B
CN101803246B CN200880100344.2A CN200880100344A CN101803246B CN 101803246 B CN101803246 B CN 101803246B CN 200880100344 A CN200880100344 A CN 200880100344A CN 101803246 B CN101803246 B CN 101803246B
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CN101803246A (zh
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E·R·洛根
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Corning Research and Development Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/80—Optical aspects relating to the use of optical transmission for specific applications, not provided for in groups H04B10/03 - H04B10/70, e.g. optical power feeding or optical transmission through water
    • H04B10/806—Arrangements for feeding power
    • H04B10/808—Electrical power feeding of an optical transmission system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
    • H04B10/2575—Radio-over-fibre, e.g. radio frequency signal modulated onto an optical carrier
    • H04B10/25752—Optical arrangements for wireless networks
    • H04B10/25753—Distribution optical network, e.g. between a base station and a plurality of remote units
    • H04B10/25754—Star network topology
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
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    • H04W88/085—Access point devices with remote components

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Abstract

用于光纤无线电(RoF)无线微微蜂窝系统的多端口收集器装置包括支撑尾缆端口和多个RoF转发器端口的外壳。尾缆端口光连接到RoF转发器端口以进行尾缆端口和每一转发器端口之间的上行链路和下行链路光信号的光传输。尾缆端口还电连接到每一转发器端口以向多个转发器端口中的每一个提供电功率。多端口收集器支撑两个或两个以上RoF转发器，每一RoF转发器端口处一个RoF转发器。每一RoF转发器包括形成微微蜂窝覆盖子区的定向天线系统，组合的子区构成用于多端口收集器的微微蜂窝覆盖区。多端口收集器使能快速安装和部署大量RoF转发器，而不必将每一RoF转发器个别地连接到光纤RF通信链路携带的一对下行链路和上行链路光纤。

Description

用于光纤无线电(RoF)无线微微蜂窝系统的多端口收集器
发明背景
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及无线通信系统，尤其涉及在用于光纤无线电(RoF)通信的基于光纤的无线微微蜂窝系统中使用的转发器、转发器系统及方法。
背景技术
无线通信快速增长，对高速移动数据通信的需求也日益增加。作为例子，所谓的“无线保真度”或“WiFi”系统和无线局域网(WLAN)均部署在许多不同类型的区域(咖啡店、机场、图书馆等)。无线通信系统与称为“客户机”的无线设备通信，所述客户机必须位于无线范围或“小区覆盖区域”内以与接入点设备通信。
部署无线通信系统的一种方法包括使用“微微蜂窝小区”，其是具有几米最多约20米半径范围的射频(RF)覆盖区域。由于微微蜂窝小区覆盖小的区域，通常每个微微蜂窝小区只有几个用户(客户机)。当由传统基站产生的较大小区覆盖时，微微蜂窝小区使能在小的区域进行选择性无线覆盖，要不然这些小的区域将具有较差的信号强度。
在传统无线系统中，微微蜂窝小区由连接到前端控制器的无线接入点设备创建并以所述无线接入点设备为中心。无线接入点设备包括数字信息处理电路、RF发射器/接收器、及连接到RF发射器/接收器的天线。给定微微蜂窝小区的大小由接入点设备传输的RF功率量、接收器灵敏度、天线增益及RF环境确定，及由无线客户设备的RF发射器/接收器灵敏度确定。客户设备通常具有固定的RF接收灵敏度，从而接入点设备的上述特性主要确定微微蜂窝小区大小。将连接到前端控制器的多个接入点设备结合可产生微微蜂窝小区阵列，其覆盖称为“微微蜂窝覆盖区”的区域。密集的微微蜂窝小区阵列在微微蜂窝覆盖区提供高的每用户数据吞吐量。
现有技术无线系统和网络为基于导线的信号分布系统，其中接入点设备被当作连接到中心位置的分开的处理装置。这使得无线系统/网络相当复杂且难于测量，特别是在许多微微蜂窝小区需要覆盖大的区域时更是如此。此外，在接入点设备进行的数字信息处理需要这些设备由前端控制器启动和控制，这使为产生大的微微蜂窝覆盖区的大量接入点设备的分布和使用更加复杂。
光纤无线电(RoF)无线微微蜂窝系统使用光纤将RF信号传给RoF转发器，RoF转发器将RF光信号转换为电RF信号然后转换为无线电磁(EM)信号，反之亦然。与传统无线系统接入点不同，RoF转发器通常不需要任何信号处理能力，从而简化了产生大的微微蜂窝覆盖区的RoF转发器的分布。
在RoF无线微微蜂窝系统通常坚固的同时有一些缺点。一个缺点与制造和部署具有线性转发器阵列的光缆的相对困难性有关。每一转发器需要光连接到上行链路光纤和下行链路光纤及电功率线，通常经“系缆”。这包括单调乏味且耗时的过程：接近光缆中的上行链路和下行链路光纤及电功率线、接合光纤和电功率线、及将它们连接到转发器。用于分布转发器的线性阵列方法的另一缺点在于一旦部署系统后该方法不易于升级。这使得很难快速且便宜地改变微微蜂窝小区覆盖区以适应变化的需要或特定无线环境的几何结构。
发明内容
本发明的一方面为多端口收集器装置，用于支撑两个或两个以上RoF转发器及用于提供到携载上行链路和下行链路光信号及电功率的尾缆的连接。该装置包括外壳和由外壳支撑的两个或两个以上RoF转发器端口，每一RoF转发器端口构造来连接到RoF转发器之一。该装置还包括由外壳支撑并构造来连接到尾缆的尾缆端口。尾缆端口光及电连接到每一RoF转发器端口以向每一RoF转发器提供上行链路和下行链路光信号及电功率。
本发明的另一方面为形成RoF无线微微蜂窝覆盖区的方法。该方法包括将两个或两个以上RoF转发器支撑在外壳上，及经尾缆将RoF转发器的下行链路光信号提供给外壳上的尾缆端口。该方法还包括通过外壳将下行链路光信号分布到一个或多个RoF转发器，使得一个或多个RoF转发器有助于形成微微蜂窝覆盖区。
本发明的另一方面为多端口收集器装置，用于支撑RoF无线微微蜂窝系统的多个RoF转发器。该装置包括外壳和由外壳支撑的多个RoF转发器端口。每一RoF转发器端口适于与RoF转发器之一连接。该装置还包括在外壳内光连接到多个RoF转发器端口的尾缆以进行尾缆和多个RoF转发器端口之间的上行链路和下行链路光信号的光传输。尾缆在外壳内还电连接到多个RoF转发器端口以向多个RoF转发器端口中的每一个提供电功率。
本发明的另外的特征和优点将在下面的详细描述中提出，且本领域技术人员从该描述可明显看出或通过按在此所述的(包括下面的详细描述、权利要求及附图)实施本发明而意识到。
应当理解，前面的概括描述和下面的详细描述均呈现本发明的实施方式，且意于提供用于理解本发明的实质和特征的概览或框架。包括附图以提供对本发明的进一步理解，且其构成本说明书的一部分。附图示出了本发明的多个实施例，连同在此进行的描述一起用于阐释本发明的原理和运行。
因此，为易于说明和图示，多个基本电子电路元件和信号调节部件如偏置T形器、RF滤波器、放大器、功率分配器等均未在图中示出。这些基本电子电路元件及部件应用于本发明的系统对本领域技术人员显而易见。
附图说明
图1为基于光纤的RoF无线微微蜂窝系统的一般实施例的示意图，其示出了单一转发器及其相关的微微蜂窝小区和微微蜂窝小区覆盖区。
图2为图1的系统的前端单元实施例的详细示意图。
图3为图1的系统的分布单元和转发器实施例的详细示意图。
图4为图3中所示转发器的备选实施例的特写图，在转发器外壳内包括发射天线元件和接收天线元件及增强天线元件的方向性的反射器。
图5为根据本发明的多端口收集器实施例的示意性立体图，其具有四个转发器端口。
图6为图5的多端口收集器实施例移去顶壁后的平面图，示出了将尾缆端口连接到转发器端口的内部上行链路和下行链路光纤段及电功率线段。
图7为图6的多端口收集器的侧视图，示出了连接到尾缆端口的尾缆。
图8与图7相同，但移去侧壁以图示尾缆端口和转发器端口之一之间的光和电连接。
图9和图10分别与图7和图8相同，示出了多端口收集器和尾缆的预先形成抽头的构型的实施例。
图11为根据本发明的RoF无线微微蜂窝系统的实施例的示意图，其与图1中所示类似但使用多个多端口收集器。
图12为图11的多端口收集器之一的特写平面图，将相关微微蜂窝覆盖区示为由与多端口收集器支撑的四个转发器相关联的四个微微蜂窝覆盖子区组成。
图13为与多端口收集器一起使用的转发器的实施例，其包括具有可调节天线方向性的天线系统。
图14为具有支撑六个转发器的六边形外壳的多端口收集器实施例的示意性平面图。
图15为具有支撑三个转发器的三角形外壳的多端口收集器实施例的示意性平面图。
具体实施方式
下面详细提及本发明的某些实施方式，其例子在附图中图示。只要可能，相同或类似附图标记在所有附图中均用于指相同或相似部分。
通用基于光纤的RoF无线微微蜂窝系统
图1为基于光纤的RoF无线微微蜂窝系统10的通用实施例的示意图。系统10包括前端单元20、分布单元26、至少一RoF转发器单元(“转发器”)30、使前端单元光连接到分布单元的主要光纤RF通信链路34、及将一个或多个转发器连接到分布单元的至少一辅助光纤RF通信链路36，因而在转发器和前端单元之间建立连接。在实施例中，光纤RF通信链路34和36包括至少一光纤，及优选包括两光纤(如上行链路和下行链路光纤，如下所述)。如下面详述的，系统10适于形成实质上以转发器30为中心的微微蜂窝小区40。一个或多个转发器30形成微微蜂窝覆盖区44。分布单元26适于将主要光纤RF通信线路34分为多个辅助RF光纤通信链路(下文中的“尾缆”)36，其有助于将多个转发器30遍布基础设施进行分布。
前端单元20适于执行或促进多种RoF应用中的任一应用，例如但不限于射频识别(RFID)、无线局域网(WLAN)通信、或移动电话服务。在微微蜂窝小区40内示出了计算机形式的客户设备45。客户设备45包括适于接收和/或发送无线电磁RF信号的天线46(如无线卡)。
图2为图1的系统10的前端单元20的实施例的详细示意图。前端单元20包括为特定无线服务或应用提供电RF服务信号的服务单元50。在实施例中，服务单元50通过使前述信号从一个或多个外面的网络52通过(或先信号调节然后通过)而提供电RF服务信号。在特定实施例中，这包括按IEEE802.11标准中规定的提供WLAN信号分布，即在从2.4-2.5GHz和5.0-6.0GHz的频率范围中提供WLAN信号分布。在另一实施例中，服务单元50通过直接产生信号而提供电RF服务信号。在另一实施例中，服务单元50在微微蜂窝覆盖区44内的客户设备之间协调电RF服务信号的传送。
服务单元50电连接到电光(E/O)转换器60，该电光转换器从服务单元接收电RF服务信号并将其转换为相应的光信号。在实施例中，E/O转换器60包括适于对本发明的光纤载RF应用传送足够的动态范围的激光器，及可选地包括电连接到激光器的激光器驱动器/放大器。用于E/O转换器60的适当激光器的例子包括激光二极管、分布式反馈(DFB)激光器、Fabry-Perot(FP)激光器、及垂直腔面发射激光器(VCSEL)。
前端单元20还包括电连接到服务单元50的光电(O/E)转换器62。O/E转换器62接收光RF服务信号并将其转换为相应的电信号。在实施例中，O/E转换器为光检测器或电连接到线性放大器的光检测器。E/O转换器60和O/E转换器62构成“转换器对单元”66。
在实施例中，服务单元50包括RF信号调制器/解调器(M/D)单元70，其产生给定频率的RF载波然后将RF信号调制到载波上及解调所接收的RF信号。服务单元50还包括数字信号处理单元(“数字信号处理器”)72、用于处理数据和执行逻辑及计算运算的中央处理单元(CPU)74、及用于保存数据如将在WLAN上传输的RFID标签信息或数据的存储器单元76。在实施例中，与不同信号通道相关联的不同频率由基于来自CPU74的指令产生不同RF载波频率的M/D单元70创建。同样，如下所述，与特定组合的微微蜂窝小区相关联的共同频率由产生同一RF载波频率的M/D单元70创建。
图3为图1的系统10包括分布单元26和转发器30的部分的实施例的详细示意图。转发器30包括转换器对66，其中的E/O转换器60和O/E转换器62经RF信号导控元件106如循环器电连接到天线系统100。信号导控元件106用于导控下行链路和上行链路电RF服务信号，如下所述。在实施例中，天线系统100包括一个或多个定向贴片天线，如2006年8月16日申请的美国专利申请11/504,999中所公开的天线，该专利申请通过引用组合于此。在另一实施例中，天线系统具有增强的方向性，如2007年2月6日申请的美国专利申请11/703,016中所公开的，该专利申请通过引用组合于此。天线系统100将在下面更详细地描述。在实施例中，转发器30还包括容纳各个转发器元件中的部分或全部的外壳102。在实施例中，部分或全部天线系统100位于外壳102的外面。在实施例中，外壳102仅容纳构成转换器对单元66的元件。
图4为转发器30的备选实施例的特写图，其中天线系统100包括两个天线：电连接到O/E转换器62的发射天线101T及电连接到E/O转换器60的接收天线101R。双天线实施例消除了对RF信号导控元件106的需要。还应注意，图3中的转发器30的实施例在转换器对单元66内包括DC功率变换器180，及天线系统100在外壳102内。图4还示出了一实施例，其中转发器30包括适于连接到尾缆36上的相应连接器插头37的连接器31。图4还示出了一实施例，其包括相对于天线系统100布置的至少一天线反射器104，以增强天线系统的方向性，如上面提及的美国专利申请11/703,016中所述。
本发明的转发器30与同非RoF无线通信系统相关联的典型接入点设备不同，因为转发器的优选实施例只有几个信号调节元件及没有数字信息处理能力。而是，信息处理能力位于远处的前端单元20中，在特定例子中，位于服务单元50中。这使转发器30非常紧凑且实质上免维护。此外，转发器30的优选实施例耗用非常小的功率，对RF信号透明，及不需要局部电源，如下所述。
参考图2和图3，在实施例中，光纤RF通信链路34和尾缆36包括至少一下行链路光纤136D及至少一上行链路光纤136U。光纤RF通信链路34中的下行链路和上行链路光纤136D和136U将前端单元20处的转换器对66光连接到分布单元26，同时尾缆36中的下行链路和上行链路光纤将分布单元26连接到转发器30处的转换器对。因而，每一转发器30光连接到前端单元20。
在实施例中，本发明的基于光纤的无线微微蜂窝系统10采用已知电信波长，如850nm、1300nm或1550nm。在另一实施例中，系统10采用其它不太常用但适当的波长如980nm。
系统10的实施例包括单模光纤或多模光纤用于下行链路和上行链路光纤136D和136U。光纤的特别类型取决于系统10的应用。对于许多建筑内部署应用，最大传输距离通常不超过300米。当考虑使用多模光纤用于下行链路和上行链路光纤136D和136U时，需要考虑预定RoF传输的最大长度。例如，已表明1400MHz.km多模光纤带宽距离产品足以进行长达300米的5.2GHz传输。
在实施例中，本发明采用50μm多模光纤用于下行链路和上行链路光纤136D和136U，及采用在850nm工作的E/O转换器60，其使用可通过商业途径获得的规定用于10Gb/s数据传输的VCSEL。在更特殊的实施例中，OM350μm多模光纤用于下行链路和上行链路光纤136D和136U。
无线系统10还包括产生电功率信号162的电源160。电源160电连接到前端单元20以对其中的耗电元件供电。在实施例中，电功率线168穿过前端单元及穿过分布单元26并到达每一转发器30以对转换器对66中的E/O转换器60和O/E转换器62、可选的RF信号导控元件106(除非元件106为无源器件如循环器)、及任何其它耗电元件(未示出)供电。作为备选，电功率线168从分布单元26延伸，分布单元26还可选地包括电源160(图3)。在实施例中，电功率线168包括两根导线170和172，其携载单一电压并电连接到转发器30处的DC功率变换器180。DC功率变换器180电连接到E/O转换器60和O/E转换器62，并将电功率信号162的电压或电平改变为转发器30中的耗电元件所需要的功率电平。在实施例中，DC功率变换器180是DC/DC功率变换器或AC/DC功率变换器，取决于电功率线168携载的功率信号162的类型。在实施例中，电功率线168包括在标准电信及其它应用中使用的标准电功率携载电导线如双绞铜线对(如18-26AWG(美国线规))。在另一实施例中，电功率线168(虚线)直接从电源160连到转发器30而不是从或通过前端单元20。在另一实施例中，电功率线168包括两根以上的导线并携载多个电压。
在实施例中，前端单元20经网络链路53连接到外面的网络52(图2)。
多端口收集器
如上所述，采用线性转发器阵列的RoF无线微微蜂窝系统在制造和部署方面具有一些缺点。因而，本发明通过将转发器30合并为更紧凑、更容易制造和部署的RoF无线微微蜂窝系统而解决这些及其它缺点。
图5为根据本发明的多端口收集器装置200(“多端口收集器”)的实施例的示意性立体图。多端口收集器200包括具有多个侧壁204、顶壁206和底壁208的外壳202。外壳202包括形成在相应的两个或两个以上侧壁204中的两个或两个以上转发器连接器端口212。图5的多端口收集器200示出了矩形(正方形)外壳202的实施例，其具有四个侧壁204A、204B、204C和204D，及四个相关联的RoF转发器连接器端口(“转发器端口”)212A、212B、212C和212D。外壳202还包括顶壁206上的尾缆端口214。外壳202通常可由多种适当的材料如金属或塑料制成。
图6为多端口收集器200在移去顶壁206后的平面图，示出了尾缆连接器端口(“尾缆端口”)214和经相关转发器端口212A、212B、212C和212D连接到装置的四个转发器30A、30B、30C和30D。对于每一转发器端口212，装置200包括对应于尾缆36中的上行链路和下行链路光纤136U和136D的光纤段236U和236D。因此，每一光纤段236UA和236DA的一端光连接到转发器端口212A及其另一端连接到尾缆端口214等。
同样，对于每一转发器端口212，装置200包括一端连接到转发器端口及另一端连接到尾缆端口214的电功率线段268。因此，电功率线段268A将转发器端口212A电连接到尾缆端口214等。
图7为图6的多端口收集器200的侧视图，示出了使用连接到尾缆端口214的尾缆连接器插头37将尾缆36连接到多端口收集器。图8示出了图7中所示装置200移去侧壁204B后的侧视图，示出了尾缆端口214和转发器端口212C之间的经光纤段236UC、236DC和电功率线段168C的光和电连接。其它转发器端口212A、212B和212C类似地连接到尾缆端口214。
图9和图10分别与图7和图8类似，并示出了多端口收集器200和尾缆36构成不需要尾缆端口214的预先形成抽头的构型的实施例。在该预先形成抽头的构型实施例中，不是使用分开的光纤段236U和236D连接到每一RF转发器端口212，而是上行链路和下行链路光纤136U和136D从尾缆剥出并直接连接到相关RF转发器端口。
在实施例中，尾缆36在与多端口收集器200相对的端包括连接器插头37，用于连接到配合连接器插座27处的分布单元26(图3)。类似地，本发明的其它实施例包括与尾缆36类似的尾缆，其包括与连接器插头37类似的连接器插头，而不是光缆端口如光缆端口212A-212D，以连接转发器如转发器30。甚至本发明的其它实施例包括具有永久安装的光缆组件的多端口收集器，其中转发器永久连接到光缆组件。
使用多端口收集器的一般运行方法
图11为与图1所示类似的RoF无线微微蜂窝系统10的实施例的示意图，但使用根据本发明的一个或多个多端口收集器200部署转发器30。应注意，图11中最下面的多端口收集器为前面结合图9和图10所述的预先形成抽头的构型。
参考图11和图2，在系统10的运行中，前端单元20中的服务单元50产生对应于其特定应用的电下行链路RF服务信号SD(“电信号SD”)。在实施例中，这由向RF M/D单元70提供电信号(未示出)的数字信号处理器72完成，电信号调制到RF载波上以产生所需电信号SD。
电信号SD由E/O转换器60接收，其将该电信号转换为对应的光下行链路RF信号SD’(“光信号SD’”)，该信号进而引导到主要光纤RF通信链路34的多根(如5根)下行链路光纤134D。在此应注意，在实施例中，调整光信号SD’以具有给定的调制指数。此外，在实施例中，控制E/O转换器60的调制功率(例如通过一个或多个增益控制放大器，未示出)以改变天线系统100的发射功率。在实施例中，改变提供给天线系统100的功率量以确定相关微微蜂窝小区40的微微蜂窝小区覆盖区44的大小。
光信号SD’在下行链路光纤134D上传到分布单元26，分布单元26用于将信号SD’引导到五根尾缆36的下行链路光纤136D。之后，光信号SD’在相应尾缆36上传到相关联的多端口收集器200。然后，每一下行链路光纤136D中的光信号SD’经尾缆端口214引导到相关联的下行链路光纤段236D因而引导到相关联的转发器连接端口212。之后，每一光信号SD’由相关转发器30中的O/E转换器62接收。每一O/E转换器62将光信号SD’转换回电信号SD，该电信号继而传给信号导控元件106。之后，信号导控元件106将电信号SD导引到天线系统100。电信号SD被馈给天线系统100，使得其辐射对应的电磁下行链路RF信号SD”(“电磁信号SD””)以创建相关联的微微蜂窝覆盖区。
图12为图11的多端口收集器200之一的特写平面图，示出了与多端口收集器相关联的微微蜂窝覆盖区44。由于由多端口收集器200支撑的每一转发器30的天线系统100为定向天线系统，微微蜂窝覆盖区44由两个或两个以上子区44A、44B组成，如图12中所示的子区44A、44B、44C和44D。如果客户设备45在微微蜂窝覆盖子区(如图12中所示的子区44A)内，客户设备将经客户设备天线46(图1)接收电磁信号SD”，例如客户设备天线可以是无线卡的一部分或移动电话天线。天线46在客户设备中将电磁信号SD”转换为电信号SD(信号SD未在其中示出)。之后，客户设备45处理电信号SD，例如将信号信息保存在存储器中、将信息显示为电子邮件或文本消息等。
在实施例中，客户设备45产生电上行链路RF信号SU(未在客户设备中示出)，其由天线46转换为电磁上行链路RF信号SU”(“电磁信号SU””)。
由于客户设备45位于微微蜂窝覆盖子区44A内，电磁信号SU”由转发器30A的天线系统100检测。天线系统100将电磁信号SU”转换回电信号SU。电信号SU由信号导控元件106导引到E/O转换器60，转换器60将该电信号转换为对应的光上行链路RF信号SU’(“光信号SU’”)，之后，该信号被引入转发器端口212A处的上行链路光纤段236U。光信号SU’在光纤段236U上传给尾缆端口214，其用于将该光信号引导到与尾缆端口连接的相关尾缆36的相关上行链路光纤136U上。
光信号SU’在上行链路光纤136U上传给分布单元26，在那里其被引导到主要RF光纤通信链路134的相关上行链路光纤134U。之后，光信号SU’在主要RF光纤通信链路134上传给前端单元20，在那里其由O/E转换器62接收。O/E转换器62将光信号SU’转换回电信号SU，之后电信号SU被导引到服务单元50。服务单元50接收和处理信号SU，在实施例中，其包括下述之一或多个：保存信号信息；数字方式处理或调节信号；经网络链路224将信号发送到一个或多个外面的网络52上；及将信号发送给一个或多个其它微微蜂窝覆盖区44或子区44A、44B等中的一个或多个客户设备45。在实施例中，信号SU的处理包括在RF信号M/D单元70中解调该电信号，之后在数字信号处理器72中处理解调后的信号。
具有可调节天线系统方向性的转发器
图13为转发器30的实施例，其包括具有可调节方向性的天线系统100。图13的转发器30包括两个或两个以上天线元件101，如所示的三个天线元件101A、101B和101C，每一天线元件具有不同的方向性(即EM辐射图)。天线元件101电连接到天线开关300，其在将要使用的天线系统100的天线元件之间切换。
在实施例中，天线元件101A构造成对全部或实质上全部微微蜂窝小区覆盖区44提供覆盖，天线元件101B构造成覆盖两个微微蜂窝小区覆盖子区(即子区44A和44B)，而天线元件101C构造成覆盖微微蜂窝小区覆盖子区44A。这使多端口收集器200能使用多端口收集器200的一个、部分或全部转发器30形成部分或全部微微蜂窝小区覆盖区44。在实施例中，天线开关300包括天线302及构造成可经天线302接收的无线切换信号SS进行切换。在另一实施例中，切换信号SS为非无线信号及源自前端单元20或分布单元26。
其它多端口收集器外壳几何结构
为了说明，多端口收集器200在上面结合支撑四个转发器30的矩形外壳202进行描述。图14为具有支撑六个转发器30的六边形外壳的多端口收集器200实施例的示意性平面图。图15为具有支撑三个转发器30的三角形外壳的多端口收集器200实施例的示意性平面图。本发明的其它实施例包括具有任何几何结构的任何数量的转发器的备选收集器。
很显然，在不背离本发明精神和范围的情况下，本领域技术人员可进行多种修改和变化。因此，如果对本发明的修改和变化在所附权利要求及其等效方案的范围内，则本发明覆盖这些修改和变化。

Claims (5)

1.RoF无线微微蜂窝系统，包括：
构造成产生下行链路光信号及接收上行链路光信号的前端单元；
两个或两个以上多端口收集器装置，每个多端口收集器装置用于支撑两个或两个以上光纤无线电RoF转发器及用于提供到携载上行链路和下行链路光信号及电功率的尾缆的连接，所述装置包括：
外壳；
由所述外壳支撑的两个或两个以上RoF转发器端口，每一RoF转发器端口构造来连接到RoF转发器之一；
由外壳支撑并构造来连接到尾缆的尾缆端口，该尾缆端口光及电连接到每一RoF转发器端口以向每一RoF转发器提供上行链路和下行链路光信号及电功率；及
光连接到前端单元和每一尾缆以在每一多端口收集器装置的转发器和前端单元之间分布上行链路和下行链路光信号的分布单元；其中
每一多端口收集器装置光连接到对应尾缆；
每一尾缆端口适于接收由尾缆携带的两个或两个以上外部上行链路和下行链路光纤对；
每一尾缆端口经相应的两个或两个以上内部上行链路和下行链路光纤段对光连接到两个或两个以上RoF转发器端口；
每一尾缆端口构造成将外部上行链路和下行链路光纤对光连接到内部上行链路和下行链路光纤段对；
每一尾缆端口适于接收由尾缆携带的、携载电功率的外部电功率线；
每一尾缆端口经相应的两个或两个以上内部电功率线段电连接到两个或两个以上RoF转发器端口；及
每一尾缆端口构造成将外部电功率线电连接到两个或两个以上内部电功率线段以向每一RoF转发器提供电功率。
2.根据权利要求1的系统，其中所述外壳具有四个侧壁和四个RoF转发器端口，每一侧壁支撑一个转发器端口。
3.根据权利要求1的系统，其中所述装置具有与其相关联的微微蜂窝小区覆盖区，该微微蜂窝小区覆盖区由分别由两个或两个以上RoF转发器形成的两个或两个以上微微蜂窝小区覆盖子区组成。
4.根据权利要求3的系统，其中至少一RoF转发器包括具有可调节天线方向性的天线系统。
5.根据权利要求4的系统，其中至少一RoF转发器包括贴片天线。
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