US20070026070A1 - Cross-linked polysaccharide composition - Google Patents

Cross-linked polysaccharide composition Download PDF

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US20070026070A1
US20070026070A1 US10/552,881 US55288106A US2007026070A1 US 20070026070 A1 US20070026070 A1 US 20070026070A1 US 55288106 A US55288106 A US 55288106A US 2007026070 A1 US2007026070 A1 US 2007026070A1
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gel
cross
polysaccharide
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Simone Vonwiller
Geoffrey Heber
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Ultraceuticals R&D Pty Ltd
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Assigned to ULTRACEUTICALS R & D PTY. LIMITED reassignment ULTRACEUTICALS R & D PTY. LIMITED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HEBER, GEOFFREY KENNETH, VONWILLER, SIMONE CHARLOTTE
Publication of US20070026070A1 publication Critical patent/US20070026070A1/en
Priority to US14/141,018 priority Critical patent/US8877243B2/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
    • C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
    • C08B37/0006—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid
    • C08B37/0024—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid beta-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)-D-Glucans, e.g. paramylon, coriolan, sclerotan, pachyman, callose, scleroglucan, schizophyllan, laminaran, lentinan or curdlan; (beta-1,6)-D-Glucans, e.g. pustulan; (beta-1,4)-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)(beta-1,4)-D-Glucans, e.g. lichenan; Derivatives thereof
    • C08B37/0027—2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-glucans; Derivatives thereof
    • C08B37/003—Chitin, i.e. 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-(beta-1,4)-D-glucan or N-acetyl-beta-1,4-D-glucosamine; Chitosan, i.e. deacetylated product of chitin or (beta-1,4)-D-glucosamine; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/715—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
    • A61K31/738—Cross-linked polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A61P17/02—Drugs for dermatological disorders for treating wounds, ulcers, burns, scars, keloids, or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/06—Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
    • C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
    • C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
    • C08B37/006—Heteroglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having more than one sugar residue in the main chain in either alternating or less regular sequence; Gellans; Succinoglycans; Arabinogalactans; Tragacanth or gum tragacanth or traganth from Astragalus; Gum Karaya from Sterculia urens; Gum Ghatti from Anogeissus latifolia; Derivatives thereof
    • C08B37/0063—Glycosaminoglycans or mucopolysaccharides, e.g. keratan sulfate; Derivatives thereof, e.g. fucoidan
    • C08B37/0072—Hyaluronic acid, i.e. HA or hyaluronan; Derivatives thereof, e.g. crosslinked hyaluronic acid (hylan) or hyaluronates

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to cross-linked polysaccharide compositions, processes for preparing the compositions, and uses of the compositions in cosmetic, medical and pharmaceutical applications.
  • Hyaluronic acid is a member of a class of polymers known as glycosaminoglycans.
  • HA is a long chain linear polysaccharide and is usually present as a sodium salt having the molecular formula (C 14 H 20 NNa 11 ) n where n may vary according to the source of the HA and the method of isolating the HA.
  • Molecular weights of HA of up to 14 ⁇ 10 6 have been reported.
  • HA and its salts may be isolated from many sources including the human umbilical cord, rooster combs and nearly all connective matrices of vertebrate organisms.
  • HA is also a capsular component of bacteria such as streptococci and may therefore be obtained by fermentation methods such as reported in U.S. Pat. No. 5,411,874 (Fermentech Ltd).
  • HA is non-immunogenic and therefore has great potential in medicine. Because of its visco-elastic properties, HA having a high molecular weight (over 1 million) has been found to be particularly useful in a variety of clinical fields, including wound treatment, ophthalmic surgery, orthopedic surgery and drug delivery. HA is also potentially useful in a variety of non-medical fields, including cosmetic applications.
  • HA is degraded by enzymes such as hyaluronidase and free radicals found in the human body. Furthermore, HA is soluble in water at room temperature, which may also make it less suited to certain applications.
  • HA has been cross-linked via an ether linkage and carboxyl groups via an ester linkage.
  • HA has been cross-linked at pH levels less than 9 at which ester bonds form via carboxyl groups, and at pH levels greater than 9 at which ether bonds form via hydroxyl groups.
  • the present inventors have found that ether bonds may be beneficial because these bonds are more resistant to physiological degradation.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,827,937 reports polysaccharide gel compositions prepared by forming an aqueous solution of the polysaccharide, initiating cross-linking in the presence of a polyfunctional cross-linking agent, sterically hindering the cross-linking reaction from being terminated before gelation occurs (e.g. by diluting the solution) and then reintroducing sterically unhindered conditions (e.g. by evaporating the solution) so as to continue the cross-linking such that a viscoelastic gel is formed.
  • the cross-linking in this method may be performed under alkaline or acidic conditions.
  • WO 00/46253 reports cross-linking HA with other polymers by two different types of cross-linking bonds.
  • the formation of different types of bonds is achieved by cross-linking via different functional groups.
  • one type of bond may be formed by cross-linking via hydroxyl groups, and a different functional bond may be formed by cross-linking via carboxyl groups.
  • WO 87/07898 reports reacting a polysaccharide with a polyfunctional epoxide, removing excess epoxide and employing a drying operation to cross-link the polysaccharide into a film, powdered material or similar dry product.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,963,666 reports a process in which a polysaccharide is monosubstituted with a cross-linking agent at low concentration under alkaline conditions to form ether linkages.
  • the mixture is washed to pH 5.5 inducing some ester linkages and then, in one example, concentrated by slow evaporation to complete cross-linking with ester linkages.
  • the pH is increased by the addition of ammonia, and then slowly evaporated to complete the cross-linking with primarily ether linkages and some ester linkages.
  • the present invention provides a process for producing a cross-linked polysaccharide gel.
  • a polysaccharide mixed with an alkaline medium is contacted with a bifunctional or polyfunctional epoxide to form an essentially epoxy cross-linked polysaccharide in which the epoxide is linked to the polysaccharide substantially by ether bonds.
  • the epoxy cross-linked polysaccharide is then dried without removing the epoxide from the alkaline medium.
  • the resulting dried cross-linked polysaccharide matrix may then be washed in a suitable water miscible solvent, and treated with an acidic medium to form a cross-linked polysaccharide gel.
  • polysaccharide starting materials may be used in embodiments of the present invention.
  • Suitable polysaccharides include HA, pectin, xanthan or alginic acid, as well as anionic derivatives of carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl dextran or carboxymethyl starch.
  • HA may be a particularly suitable starting material.
  • Suitable epoxides for use as the cross-linking agent include 1,4-butanediol ether, 1,2-ethanediol diglycidyl ether and/or epoxy-substituted pentaerythritol. It will be appreciated, however, that other epoxides may also be suitable for the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a cross-linked polysaccharide gel prepared by the process reported herein.
  • the gel may have improved degradation characteristics when administered to a patient.
  • the present invention provides a biocompatible gel including HA cross-linked substantially by ether bonds with 1,4-butanediolglycidyl ether that is sufficiently cross-linked to resist to degradation.
  • the phrase “sufficiently cross-linked to resist degradation” means that the gel is relatively stable to hyaluronidase attack under physiological conditions over prolonged periods or can tolerate extrusion or being expelled from a small gauge needle.
  • the present inventors have been able to produce biocompatible gels which release less than 75 percent uronic acid when 0.4 ml of the gel having a concentration of 15 mg/ml is combined with 0.5 mg hyaluronidase and 3 ml phosphate buffered saline, and stored at a temperature of at least 37° C. for two days. Uronic acid release may be measured by the UV absorbance techniques reported in the Examples.
  • the gels may release no more that 70 percent uronic acid, more particularly no more that 65 percent uronic acid under the foregoing conditions.
  • the present invention provides a process for producing a cross-linked polysaccharide gel comprising:
  • the present invention provides a cross-linked polysaccharide gel substantially resistant to hyaluronidase degradation prepared by the process according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a biocompatible gel comprising hyaluronic acid cross-linked substantially by ether bonds with 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether such that the gel is sufficiently cross-linked to substantially resist degradation.
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a cross-linked polysaccharide gel according to the second aspect of the present invention; a biologically active substance; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a biocompatible gel according to the third aspect of the present invention; a biologically active substance; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the present invention provides a method of treating or preventing a disorder in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a gel according to the fourth aspect of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a method of treating or preventing a disorder in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition according to the fifth aspect of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides use of a gel according to the third aspect of the present invention in the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing a disorder in a subject in need thereof.
  • the present invention provides use of a pharmaceutical composition according to the fourth aspect of the present invention in the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing a disorder in a subject in need thereof.
  • FIG. 1 shows the titration curve of hyaluronidase on a hyaluronic acid substrate. as reported in the Examples.
  • FIG. 2 shows a comparison of uronic acid (UA) release between samples A and B as reported in the Examples.
  • FIG. 3 shows the UV absorption of UA in gels after 1 day as reported in the Examples.
  • FIG. 4 shows the UV absorption of UA at 530 nm at one, two and twelve days as reported in the Examples.
  • FIG. 5 shows the UV absorption of UA at 530 nm, after two days incubation as reported in the Examples.
  • FIG. 6 shows a comparison between various gels as reported in the Examples.
  • the present invention provides a process for making a polysaccharide cross-linked gel.
  • the process generally includes the steps of:
  • the gel has improved resistance to degradation when compared to conventional cross-linked polysaccharide gels.
  • the polysaccharide starting material may be selected from a wide range of suitable naturally-occurring carboxylate-containing polysaccharides, including HA, pectin, xanthan, or alginic acid, as well as anionic derivatives of neutral polysaccharides such as carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl dextran or carboxymethyl starch.
  • HA is used as the polysaccharide starting material.
  • HA may be extracted from a number of sources, for example, cocks' combs.
  • a suitable purified HA fraction is the “noninflammatory-NIF-NaHA sodium hyaluronate”, reported by Balazs in the pamphlet “Healon”—A guide to its use in Ophthalmic Surgery—D. Miller & R. Stegmann, eds. John Wiley & Sons N.Y. 81983: p. 5.
  • Suitable HA starting materials include “Hyalastine” brand and “Hyalectin” brand HA.
  • the fraction Hyalastine has an average molecular weight of about 50,000 to 100,000 while the fraction Hyalectin has an average molecular weight of about 500,000 to 730,000.
  • a combined fraction of these two fractions has also been isolated and characterized as having an average molecular weight of between about 250,000 and about 350,000. This combined fraction may be obtained with a yield of 80% of the total hyaluronic acid available in the particular starting material, while the fraction Hyalectin may be obtained with a yield of 30% and the fraction Hyalastine with a yield of 50% of the starting HA.
  • the preparation of these fractions is reported in European patent publication No. 0138572A3.
  • Other suitable HA starting materials include the fibrous and powdered HA materials reported in the Examples below.
  • the polysaccharide may be cross-linked by a variety of suitable polyfunctional cross-linking epoxides, including bi- or polyfunctional epoxides, such as lower aliphatic epoxides or their corresponding epihalohydrins.
  • suitable polyfunctional cross-linking epoxides include 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE), 1,2-ethanediol diglycidyl ether, epoxy-substituted pentaerythritol (e.g. SHELL 162) and epihalohydrins thereof.
  • the poly-functional cross-linking agent includes 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether.
  • the polysaccharide starting material may be combined with the cross-linking agent in an alkaline medium.
  • polysaccharide may be added to the alkaline medium.
  • the alkaline medium may be formed with sodium hydroxide or other suitable basic materials.
  • the concentration of sodium hydroxide or other basic material may be between about 0.1 and about 1 w/v percent, more particularly about 1% of the total mixture.
  • the cross-linking agent may be added to the alkaline mixture to produce a cross-linking agent concentration between about 0.05 and about 0.5%, more particularly about 0.1%.
  • the alkaline medium may have a pH between about 9 and 12, more particularly, about 9.
  • the resulting alkaline mixture may be incubated under conditions that promote cross-linking of the polysaccharide with the epoxide.
  • the mixture may be incubated in a water bath at about 45° C. for about 2 hours.
  • HA cross-linked under these conditions will substantially include ether bonds which are generally more resistant to physiological degradation than ester bonds formed under acidic conditions.
  • the cross-linked mixture may be dried by conventional methods to form a polysaccharide matrix.
  • the cross-linked mixture may be dried by stirring the mixture vigorously and removing the water under high vacuum for about 1.5 hours at between about 35° C. and 45° C.
  • the polysaccharide matrix may be washed with a water miscible solvent, for example an isopropyl alcohol/water co-solvent, for several hours.
  • the washed matrix may be neutralised with an acidic medium to form a cross-linked polysaccharide gel.
  • the matrix may be treated with a solution of 1-2 percent acetic acid in water to form the cross-linked polysaccharide gel.
  • the cross-linked polysaccharide gel may be further treated with a phosphate buffered saline mixture to affect the viscosity of the gel.
  • the polysaccharide gel formed by the foregoing method is sufficiently cross-linked to resist degradation when administered to a patient. Because of the improved degradation characteristics of the gel, the resulting cross-linked polysaccharide gel may be used for a variety of applications.
  • the cross-linked polysaccharide gel may be used for augmenting tissue, treating arthritis, treating tissue adhesions, and for use in coating mammalian cells to reduce immunogenicity.
  • the cross-linked polysaccharide gel may be used in cosmetic applications, corrective implants, hormone replacement therapy, hormone treatment, contraception, joint lubrication, and ocular surgery.
  • the cross-linked polysaccharide gel remains substantially resistant to degradation following extrusion through a narrow gauge needle. Extrusion through a needle may break gels into smaller particles if the gels are not resistant to shear stress.
  • the cross-linked polysaccharide gels of embodiments of the present invention are resistant to degradation following extrusion through a small gauge needle such as a 27, 30 or 32 gauge needle.
  • these gels are particularly suitable for injection into tissue or skin without substantial loss of the structural integrity of the solution or gel.
  • the cross-linked polysaccharide gel may be combined with a biologically active substance for administration to a patient.
  • Suitable biologically active substances for use with the present invention include hormones, cytokines, vaccines, cells, tissue augmenting substances, or mixtures thereof.
  • suitable tissue augmenting substances include collagen, starch, dextranomer, polylactide, poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate, and/or copolymers thereof.
  • Suitable biologically active substances may include various alkaloids, peptides, phenothiazines, benzodiazepines, thioxanthenes, hormones, vitamins, anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, antiemetics, anesthetics, hypnotics, anorexigenics, tranquilizers, muscle relaxants, coronary vasodilators, antineoplastics, antibiotics, antibacterials, antivirals, antimalarials, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, nonsteroid antiinflammatory agents, vasoconstrictors, cholinergic agonists, cholinergic antagonists, adrenergic agonists, adrenergic antagonists, narcotic antagonists.
  • the biologically active substance may be combined with suitable cross-linked polysaccharide gels of the present invention by physical mixing of the biologically active substance with the polysaccharide starting material.
  • the biologically active substance may be combined in solid form, for example as a freeze-dried powder or solutions.
  • cross-linked polysaccharide gel as a vehicle for biologically active substances may be particularly useful in ophthalmology, where particular compatibility between the cross-linked polysaccharide gels and the corneal epithelium exists.
  • biologically active substances are administered in the form of concentrated solutions with elastic-viscous characteristics or in solid form on the corneal epithelium, homogenous and stable films are formed that are transparent and adhering, and that provide prolonged bioavailability of the biologically active substance.
  • the cross-linked polysaccharide gel vehicles of embodiments of the present invention may also be suitable for treatment of diseases of the mucosa (e.g. diseases of the mount) and dermatological treatments.
  • the foregoing biologically active gels may be formed into pharmaceutical preparations for oral, rectal, parenteral, subcutaneous, local or intradermal use.
  • suitable pharmaceutical preparations may be in solid or semisolid form, for example pills, tablets, gelatinous capsules, capsules, suppositories or soft gelatin capsules.
  • pharmaceutical preparations intended or intramuscular or intradermal uses or infusions or intravenous injections may be used, and may therefore be presented as solutions of the active compounds or as freeze-dried powders of the active compounds to be mixed with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients or diluents.
  • pharmaceutical preparations in the form of topical preparations may be suitable, for example nasal sprays, creams and ointments for topical use or sticking plasters specially prepared for intradermal administration.
  • the preparations may be administered to humans or animals.
  • the cross-linked polysaccharide gel may contain between about 0.01% and 10% of biologically active substance for solutions, sprays, ointments and creams, and between about 15% and 50% of biologically active substance for the solid form preparations.
  • alkaline medium includes, but is not limited to a hydroxide salt dissolved in water, preferably sodium hydroxide.
  • the term “acidic medium” includes, but is not limited to an organic or inorganic acid dissolved in water, preferably acetic acid.
  • the resulting transparent polysaccharide matrices were washed with an isopropyl alcohol and water mixture (IPA/H 2 O) (6:4, 25 ml) for 22 hours, and then the IPA/H 2 O mixture was replaced two more times every 22 hours (i.e. for a total wash time of 66 hours).
  • the IPA/H 2 O mixture was removed, and then 1.3 percent acetic acid in water (25 ml) was added with stirring. After 35 minutes, both samples had produced fully swollen gels with the “fibrous” gel (“Sample A”) being noticeably more viscous than the “powdered” gel (“Sample B”).
  • the gels were then subjected to a series of washes with IPA (50 ml), IPA/H 2 O (6:4, 25 ml), IPA/H 2 O (8:2, 100 ml), and then IPA (50 ).
  • the resulting opaque rubbery materials were then freeze dried to give opaque hard sheets.
  • the sheets were then reconstituted in freshly prepared phosphate buffered saline over 24 hours at concentrations of 15 and 20 mg/ml for use in the following Examples.
  • Sample A was pushed under pressure through a 500 ⁇ m mesh while Sample B was pushed under pressure though a 300 ⁇ m mesh. The samples were used over a 3-month period and did not degrade during storage.
  • FIG. 1 shows a titration curve of the UV absorption values as a function of the concentration of glucuronolactone.
  • the supernatant liquids containing the uronic acid were then heated in a vigorously boiling bath of water for 30 minutes to denature the enzyme, and centrifuged again for 30 minutes to eliminate the enzyme. The volume of each tube was adjusted to 3.5 ml.
  • the concentration of UA released by hyaluronidase was determined from the titration curve shown in FIG. 1 by measuring UV absorption at 530 nm.
  • FIG. 2 shows a comparison of the different UV values.
  • the concentration of UA (in ⁇ g/ml of gel solution) after 5 days of incubation was determined from the titration curve ( FIG. 1 ).
  • a dilution factor of 7 i.e. 3.5/0.5 was taken into account as the 0.5 ml sample was diluted to a volume of 3.5 ml for analysis.
  • the tested gels were RestylaneTM gel at a concentration of 20 and 15 mg/ml, PerlaneTM gel at a concentration of 20 and 15 mg/ml and Sample A at a concentration of 20 and 15 mg/ml.
  • 0.25 ml of each gel was diluted in 2 ml of isopropanol. The residual gel, which was not destroyed by the enzyme, was precipitated and removed by centrifugation over 30 minutes.
  • Each tube of gel was then heated in a vigorously boiling bath of water for 30 minutes to denature the enzyme, and centrifuged again for 30 minutes to eliminate the enzyme. The volume of each tube was adjusted to 2 ml.
  • the concentration of UA released by hyaluronidase was determined from the titration curve by measuring UV absorption at 530 nm. The UV absorbance curve at day 1 for each gel is shown in FIG. 3 .
  • Sample A exhibited improved degradation (i.e. lower concentration of UA released), when compared to PerlaneTM and RestylaneTM gels. Indeed Sample A at a concentration of 20 mg/ml degraded less than PerlaneTM gel at a concentration of 15 mg/ml.
  • FIG. 5 shows the UV absorption at 530 nm after two days for each experiment.
  • Table 1 indicates that the degradation level generally increased with the decrease of the needle size. As shown in FIG. 6 , even when Sample A was extruded through a 32 G needle, the UA concentration remained below the values observed for both PerlaneTM gel and RestylaneTM gel without extrusion, thus indicating the improved degradation characteristics of Sample A.
  • results from Table 1 and Table 2 provided the basis to calculate the percentage of UA released in the experimental conditions listed below, relative to the maximum UA release that can be expected to measure for each gels:

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US8877243B2 (en) 2014-11-04
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US20140105852A1 (en) 2014-04-17
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WO2004092223A1 (en) 2004-10-28
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