US20060246107A1 - Use of one or more elements from the group containing yttrium, neodymium and zirconium and pharmaceutical compositions containing said elements - Google Patents

Use of one or more elements from the group containing yttrium, neodymium and zirconium and pharmaceutical compositions containing said elements Download PDF

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US20060246107A1
US20060246107A1 US10/535,084 US53508403A US2006246107A1 US 20060246107 A1 US20060246107 A1 US 20060246107A1 US 53508403 A US53508403 A US 53508403A US 2006246107 A1 US2006246107 A1 US 2006246107A1
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formulation
set forth
zirconium
neodymium
yttrium
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Claus Harder
Bernd Heublein
Eva Heublein
Nora Heublein
Christoph Heublein
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Biotronik VI Patent AG
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Priority to US12/575,596 priority Critical patent/US20100034899A1/en
Priority to US12/575,613 priority patent/US20100119576A1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
    • A61L31/02—Inorganic materials
    • A61L31/022—Metals or alloys
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
    • A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
    • A61L31/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
    • A61L31/148—Materials at least partially resorbable by the body
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
    • A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
    • A61F2002/9155—Adjacent bands being connected to each other

Definitions

  • the invention concerns the medical use of one or more of the elements from the group consisting of yttrium, neodymium and zirconium, pharmaceutical formulations which contain those elements and implants which are at least region-wise made up of such formulations.
  • Inflammation is used to denote the reaction of the organism, borne by the connective tissue and the blood vessels, to an external or internally triggered inflammation stimulus with the aim of eliminating or inactivating same and repairing the stimulus-induced tissue damage.
  • a triggering action is effected by mechanical stimuli (foreign bodies, pressure, injury) and other physical factors (ionizing rays, UV-light, heat, cold), chemical substances (lyes, acids, heavy metals, bacterial toxins, allergens and immune complexes) as well as pathogens (micro-organisms, worms, insects) or diseased metabolic products (out-of-control enzymes, malignant tumors).
  • the microbiological processes which are complex due to the specified triggering factors generally involve the liberation of so-called growth factors such as FGF, PDGF and EGF which stimulate proliferation, that is to say the increase in tissue due to rampant growth or reproduction.
  • proliferation should be at least temporarily inhibited.
  • mitosis poisons ionizing rays or interferons for anti-viral action.
  • Coronary heart diseases in particular acute myocardial infarctions, represent one of the most frequent causes of death in Western Europe and North America.
  • the cause of the myocardial infarction is thrombotic closure of a coronary artery due to rupture of an atheromatous plaque with pre-existing stenosing atheromatosis.
  • Decisive factors for the long-term prognosis after acute myocardial infarction are as follows:
  • the specified factors determine not only cardiovascular mortality but also the quality of life after the infarction.
  • Non-operative methods of stenosis treatment have been established for more than 20 years, in which inter alia, the constricted or closed blood vessel is dilated again by balloon dilation (PTCA—percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty). That procedure has proven its worth in particular in terms of therapy for acute myocardial infarction. It will be noted however that, with dilation of the blood vessel, very minor injuries, fissures and dissections occur in the vessel wall, which admittedly frequently heal up without any problem but which in about a third of the cases result in proliferation due to triggered cell growth, which ultimately result in renewed vessel constriction (restenosis).
  • PTCA percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
  • Dilation also does not eliminate the causes of the stenosis, that is to say, the molecular-pathological changes in the wall of the vessel.
  • a further cause of restenosis is the elasticity of the expanded blood vessel. After removal of the balloon, the blood vessel constricts excessively so that the vessel cross-section is reduced (obstruction, referred to as negative remodeling). The latter effect can only be avoided by the placement of a stent.
  • Systemic drug therapy uses provide inter alia the oral administration of calcium antagonists, ACE inhibitors, anticoagulants, antiaggregants, fish oils, antiproliferative substances, antiinflammatory substances and serotonin antagonists, but hitherto significant reductions in the kinds of restenosis have not been achieved in that way.
  • the coating systems serve as carriers, in which one or more pharmacologically effective substances are embedded (local drug delivery or LDD). Local application makes it possible to achieve a higher tissue level, in which case systemic substance discharge remains low and thus systemic toxicity is reduced.
  • the coating systems generally cover at least one peripheral wall of the endovascular implant, which is towards the vessel wall.
  • numerous preparations have been proposed as active substances or active substance combinations for LDD systems, for example Paclitaxel, Actinomycin, Sirolimus, Tacrolimus, Everolimus and Dexamethasone.
  • the carriers of coating systems of that kind comprise a biocompatible material which either is of natural origin or which can be produced synthetically. Particularly good compatibility and the possibility of influencing the elution characteristic of the embedded drug are afforded by biodegradable coating materials.
  • biodegradable polymers are cellulose, collagen, albumin, casein, polysaccharides (PSAC), polylactide (PLA), poly-L-lactide (PLLA), polyglycol (PGA), poly-D,L-lactide-co-glycolide (PDLLA/PGA), polyhydroxybutyric acid (PHB), polyhydroxyvaleric acid (PHV), polyalkylcarbonates, polyorthoesters, polyethyleneterephthalate (PET), polymalonic acid (PML), polyanhydrides, polyphosphazenes, polyamino acids and their copolymers as well as hyaluronic acid and its derivatives.
  • stents At the present time, 80% of all stents are manufactured from medical steel (316L). In the course of time, it has been found however that the material used is admittedly biocompatible but over medium and long periods of time it promoted in part thrombosis formation and in part adhesion of biomolecules to its surface. A further limitation in terms of biocompatibility of permanent stents is ongoing mechanical stimulus of the vessel wall. A starting point for resolving those problems is stents comprising a biodegradable material.
  • biodegradation is used to denote hydrolytic, enzymatic and other metabolism-induced decomposition processes in the living organism, which result in a gradual dissolution of at least large parts of the implant.
  • biocorrosion is frequently used synonymously.
  • bioresorption additionally includes the subsequent resorption of the decomposition products.
  • plastic materials which admittedly exhibited good degradation behaviour but which by virtue of their mechanical properties are at most limitedly useful for medical application and—thus at least in the case of synthetic polymers based on PU and LDA derivatives—also cause a severe inflammatory reaction and stimulate neointima proliferation.
  • the metal alloys include special biodegradable iron, tungsten and magnesium alloys.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,264,595 discloses a stent which inter alia, can contain radioactive yttrium isotopes, in which case the radiation produced upon disintegration of the isotopes is intended to prevent restenosis after stent implantation.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,610,241 describes a method of treating atherosclerosis with ferro-, dia- or paramagnetic particles which, after placement at the location of the lesion, are heated up by alternating electromagnetic fields. The particles are to include inter alia given yttrium salts.
  • Zirconium is a constituent part of numerous ceramic biomaterials. Hitherto, in vivo and in vitro investigations on special zirconium-bearing ceramics have not provided any pointers to a pharmacological effect in connection with smooth human muscle cells (Piconi, C, Maccauro G, ( 1999 ) Biomaterials 20, 1-25).
  • the object of the present invention is inter alia, to provide agents for inhibiting the proliferation of human smooth muscle cells and pharmaceutical formulations, which are suitable in particular for use in endovascular implants such as stents.
  • that object is attained by the use of one or more of the elements from the group yttrium (Y), neodymium (Nd) or zirconium (Zr) for the production of a pharmaceutical formulation for inhibiting the proliferation of human smooth muscle cells.
  • Y yttrium
  • Nd neodymium
  • Zr zirconium
  • Inhibition of cell growth over a given period of time until the growth-stimulating factors are decomposed for the major part or completely can therefore effectively obviate restenosis.
  • the elements yttrium, neodymium and/or zirconium are thus suitable in particular for restenosis prophylaxis after stent implantation.
  • the reasons for the surprising pharmaceutical action of the elements yttrium, zirconium and/or neodymium on human arterial smooth muscle cells have not yet been completely clarified. Presumably the redox processes which take place in the cell medium with participation of the metals play an essential part.
  • a second aspect of the invention concerns pharmaceutical formulations containing one or more of the elements from the group yttrium, neodymium or zirconium.
  • an advantageous adaptation of the pharmaceutical formulation provides that the formulation includes an at least very substantially biodegradable carrier which is broken down in vivo with a predetermined degradation performance.
  • degradation performance is used to denote the breakdown of the carrier in the living organism, which takes place over time, due to chemical, thermal, oxidative, mechanical or biological processes.
  • This aspect of the invention is of significance, in particular when the formulation is to be suited for intravascular liberation after implantation in a vascular vessel.
  • local application of the active substances is to be effected in the region of the lesion to be treated.
  • Such procedures can be summarised by the term ‘local drug delivery’ (LDD).
  • LDD local drug delivery
  • the biodegradable carrier is an alloy, in particular a magnesium, iron or tungsten alloy.
  • Metal alloys of that kind are known for example from DE 197 31 021 and DE 199 45 049.
  • a further, particularly suitable formulation based on a magnesium alloy is of the following composition:
  • the formulation further includes a magnesium alloy with a content of yttrium in the range of between 3.7 and 5.5% by weight, a content of neodymium in the range of between 1.8 and 2.7% by weight and a content of zirconium in the range of between 0.2 and 1.2% by weight.
  • the formulation corresponds to the commercially available magnesium alloy WE43 (W-25 EP 5M).
  • the literature includes inter alia, a study relating to the degradation performance of a magnesium alloy under physiological conditions, which provides indications as to which factors and measures are to be observed when optimising active substance liberation (Levesque, J, Dube, D, Fiset, M and Mantovani, D (2003) Material Science Forum Vols 426-432 pp, 225-238).
  • the carrier is a biodegradable polymer and one or more of the elements from the group yttrium, neodymium or zirconium is embedded in the form of powders or microparticles in the polymer. Due to the gradual breakdown of the polymer in vivo, the powder or the microparticles is or are slowly liberated and can deploy their pharmacological action after bioresorption.
  • the polymer carrier can be in particular hyaluronic acid, poly-L-lactide or a derivative of the polymers.
  • the formulation contains yttrium in a quantitative proportion of between 0.1 and 10% by weight, neodymium in a quantitative proportion of between 0.1 and 5% by weight and/or zirconium in a quantitative proportion of between 0.1 and 3% by weight, in each case with respect to the total weight of the formulation.
  • the formulation according to the invention insofar as it includes yttrium, is therefore so adapted that an yttrium concentration in the region of the human smooth muscle cells to be treated is between 200 ⁇ M and 2 mM, in particular between 800 and 1 mM. If the composition contains neodymium, then the formulation is preferably so adapted that there is a neodymium concentration in the region of the human smooth muscle cells to be treated of between 600 ⁇ M and 2 mM, in particular between 800 ⁇ M and 1 mM.
  • a zirconium concentration in the region of the human smooth muscle cells to be treated is preferably to be predetermined by targeted adaptation of the formulation at between 200 ⁇ M and 2 mM, in particular between 200 ⁇ M and 1 mM.
  • a formulation which contains yttrium, neodymium and zirconium it is particularly preferable for the formulation to be so adapted that there is an yttrium concentration at between 350 and 550 ⁇ M, a neodymium concentration at between 100 and 200 ⁇ M and a zirconium concentration at between 10 and 30 ⁇ M in the region of the human smooth muscle cells to be treated.
  • the specified concentration ranges appear to be particularly suitable for restenosis prophylaxis after stent implantation as the systemic substance discharge is very slight and therefore at most a low level of systemic toxicity has to be reckoned with.
  • the applicants' own experiments demonstrate inter alia a statistically significant reduction in neointima formation in pigs when using the alloy WE43 and the resulting degradation performance (substantial biodegradation within 2 months).
  • the coronary stents used there were of a weight of 3 mg and contained 123 ⁇ g of yttrium (4.1% by weight), 66 ⁇ g of neodymium (2.2% by weight) and 15 ⁇ g of zirconium (0.5% by weight).
  • a third aspect of the invention concerns implants which have an at least region-wise coating consisting of the above-mentioned formulation according to the invention or which in parts structurally comprise said formulation.
  • Such an implant can preferably be in the form of an endovascular support device (stent).
  • Distribution and mass of the formulation in a stent is preferably predetermined with respect to the length of the stent in such a way that there is between about 5 and 30 ⁇ g/mm, in particular between 10 and 20 ⁇ g/mm, of yttrium.
  • neodymium that is preferably fixed at between about 2 and 20 ⁇ g/mm, in particular between 3 and 10 ⁇ g/mm, while for zirconium it is preferably at between about 0.05 and 10 ⁇ g/mm, in particular between 0.5 and 6 ⁇ g/mm.
  • the stated limits of the ranges permit pharmacodynamically favourable local application of the active substances.
  • a fourth aspect of the invention concerns the already known elements or combinations of elements from the group of yttrium, neodymium or zirconium, with which no therapeutic action was yet associated, as therapeutic agents.
  • this aspect concerns alloys which contain one or more elements from the group yttrium, neodymium or zirconium. According to the applicants' own knowledge hitherto a therapeutic action was not associated with any of the elements/alloys. Indications in regard to the antiproliferative action of one or more of the elements from the group yttrium, neodymium and zirconium, their alloys or their use in pharmaceutical formulations are not to be found in the state of the art.
  • FIG. 1 shows a diagrammatic view of an endoprosthesis in the form of a stent
  • FIG. 2 is a view of a support portion 14 .
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view acroos line A-A of FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 4 shows a typical section through a main coronary vessel of a pig after implantation of a conventional stent
  • FIG. 5 shows a typical section through a main coronary vessel of a pig after implantation of a stent comprising the material WE43.
  • YCl 3 Yttrium Chloride
  • ZrCl 4 Zirconium Chloride
  • NdCl 3 Neodymium Chloride
  • Test series on arterial human smooth muscle cells with a concentration in the range of between 1 mM and 1 ⁇ M, for yttrium, neodymium and zirconium respectively were carried out as follows:
  • the substances were dissolved in water or ethanol (ZrCl 4 ) respectively (strain solution 0.1 M, in each case in relation to the concentration of rare earths). Upon dilution in cell culture medium, at higher levels of concentration, deposits are formed, which could be reduced by ultrasonic treatment but not completely eliminated.
  • the eluates produced were incubated with primary cell cultures of human arterial smooth muscle cells (SMC) (3 days, 37° C.).
  • SMC human arterial smooth muscle cells
  • the cell vitality (MTS test) and cell proliferation (BrdU test) were investigated. For that purpose tests were performed similarly to a cytotoxicity testing procedure in accordance with DIN EN 30993-5.
  • the vitality of arterial human smooth muscle cells rose in the concentration range of between 1 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m. Levels of concentration of >800 ⁇ M of neodymium and zirconium resulted in a drop in vitality.
  • Sterilised sample bodies of the alloy WE43 weighing about 1 mg were eluted with 2 ml cell culture medium at 37° C. in a cell culture cabinet for 13 days, in which case the sample body is only incompletely dissolved.
  • Primary cell cultures of human arterial smooth muscle cells (SMC) were then incubated with 1 ml of the eluate and 1 ml of fresh cell culture medium (4 days, 37° C.).
  • Cell activity (MTS test) and cell proliferation (BrdU test) were investigated. For that purpose tests were performed similarly to a cytotoxicity testing procedure in accordance with DIN EN 30993-5.
  • the proliferation of smooth muscle cells was 91% inhibited upon incubation with eluates of the alloy WE43 in comparison with control cells (SMC+medium).
  • the cell activity of the smooth muscle cells for the alloy WE43 was 95%.
  • FIGS. 1-3 show a vascular endoprosthesis in the form of a tubular stent 10 whose basic structure is composed of a plurality of individual legs 12 .
  • the basic structure of the stent 10 can be divided in the longitudinal direction into individual support portions 14 which are each composed of legs 12 folded in a zig-zag or meander configuration and which extend in the peripheral direction.
  • the basic structure of the stent 10 is formed by a plurality of such support portions 14 which occur in succession in the longitudinal direction.
  • the support portions 14 are connected together by way of connecting legs 16 .
  • Such a mesh 18 is shown emphasised in FIG. 1 .
  • Each mesh 18 surrounds a radial opening of the peripheral wall or the basic structure of the stent 10 .
  • Each support portion 14 has for example between three and six connecting legs 16 which are equally distributed over the periphery of the stent 10 and which respectively connect a support portion 14 to the adjacent support portion 14 . Accordingly the stent 10 has between three and six meshes in each case in the peripheral direction between two support portions 14 .
  • the stent 10 is expandable in the peripheral direction. That is effected for example with a per se known balloon catheter (not shown here) which at its distal end has a balloon which is expandable by means of a fluid.
  • the stent 10 is crimped in the compressed condition on to the deflated balloon.
  • both the balloon and also the stent 10 are enlarged.
  • the balloon can then be deflated again and the stent 10 comes loose from the balloon. In that way the catheter can serve simultaneously for insertion of the stent 10 into a blood vessel and in particular into a constricted coronary vessel and also for expansion of the stent at that location.
  • the basic structure of the stent 10 shown in FIG. 1 comprises the biodegradable magnesium alloy WE43 of the following formulation:
  • Neodymium 2.2% by weight
  • Magnesium balance to 100% by weight.
  • stents of the above-mentioned magnesium alloy were compared with conventional silicon carbide-coated stents by means of coronary angiography and morphometric evaluation of histological section preparations.
  • conventional stents of medical high-grade steel with a passive silicon carbide coating and stents of WE43 were implanted in all three coronaries of pigs.
  • a quantitative control angiography (QCA) was effected in each case after four and eight weeks, in which case breakdown in the case of the biodegradable stent in the pig was very substantially concluded after about 8 weeks.
  • cardiac preparations of the animals were produced after 8 weeks for histological processing.
  • the results of the coronary angiography and histological section preparations demonstrate a marked trend towards a reduction in surface stenosis when using WE43.
  • the histology exhibited a substantially uniform image in relation to neointima formation after eight weeks.
  • the magnesium implants were found to be less proliferative than the control implants.
  • an average neointima surface formation of 1.23 mm 2 was found when using WE43, in comparison with 2.9 mm 2 in the case of a conventional implant.
  • FIG. 4 shows a typical section through a coronary vessel of a pig upon implantation of a conventional stent with silicon carbide coating after eight weeks while FIG. 5 shows a corresponding histological section for a WE43-based implant.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
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  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
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  • Epidemiology (AREA)
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  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Pens And Brushes (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
US10/535,084 2002-11-13 2003-10-11 Use of one or more elements from the group containing yttrium, neodymium and zirconium and pharmaceutical compositions containing said elements Abandoned US20060246107A1 (en)

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US12/575,596 US20100034899A1 (en) 2002-11-13 2009-10-08 Use of one or more of the elements from the group yttrium, neodymium and zirconium, and pharmaceutical compositions which contain those elements
US12/575,613 US20100119576A1 (en) 2002-11-13 2009-10-08 Use of one or more of the elements from the group yttrium, neodymium and zirconium, and pharmaceutical compositions which contain those elements

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DE10253634.1 2002-11-13
DE10253634A DE10253634A1 (de) 2002-11-13 2002-11-13 Endoprothese
PCT/EP2003/012532 WO2004043474A2 (fr) 2002-11-13 2003-11-10 Utilisation d'un ou de plusieurs elements du groupe rassemblant l'yttrium, le neodyme et le zirconium, et compositions pharmaceutiques contenant ces elements

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US12/575,613 Abandoned US20100119576A1 (en) 2002-11-13 2009-10-08 Use of one or more of the elements from the group yttrium, neodymium and zirconium, and pharmaceutical compositions which contain those elements
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EP1562565A2 (fr) 2005-08-17
WO2004043474A3 (fr) 2005-01-13
AU2003288029A8 (en) 2004-06-03
US20040098108A1 (en) 2004-05-20
AU2003288029A1 (en) 2004-06-03
WO2004043474A2 (fr) 2004-05-27
ATE316390T1 (de) 2006-02-15
US20100034899A1 (en) 2010-02-11
JP2004160236A (ja) 2004-06-10
DE50302281D1 (de) 2006-04-13
ATE388696T1 (de) 2008-03-15
DE50309382D1 (de) 2008-04-24
EP1562565B1 (fr) 2008-03-12
EP1419793B1 (fr) 2006-01-25
JP5073913B2 (ja) 2012-11-14
US8425835B2 (en) 2013-04-23
DE10253634A1 (de) 2004-05-27
US20100119576A1 (en) 2010-05-13
EP1419793A1 (fr) 2004-05-19

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