US20060084060A1 - Gel having biosubstance fixed thereto and microarray utilizing the gel - Google Patents

Gel having biosubstance fixed thereto and microarray utilizing the gel Download PDF

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Publication number
US20060084060A1
US20060084060A1 US10/508,946 US50894605A US2006084060A1 US 20060084060 A1 US20060084060 A1 US 20060084060A1 US 50894605 A US50894605 A US 50894605A US 2006084060 A1 US2006084060 A1 US 2006084060A1
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gel
biological substance
immobilized
hollow
microarray
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Chiaki Nagahama
Chiho Itou
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Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd
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Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd
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Assigned to MITSUBISHI RAYON CO., LTD. reassignment MITSUBISHI RAYON CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ITOU, CHIHO, NAGAHAMA, CHIAKI
Publication of US20060084060A1 publication Critical patent/US20060084060A1/en
Priority to US12/014,251 priority Critical patent/US20090023601A1/en
Priority to US13/098,613 priority patent/US8802369B2/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0046—Sequential or parallel reactions, e.g. for the synthesis of polypeptides or polynucleotides; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making molecular arrays
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M1/00—Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N37/00—Details not covered by any other group of this subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
    • B01J2219/00279—Features relating to reactor vessels
    • B01J2219/00306—Reactor vessels in a multiple arrangement
    • B01J2219/00313—Reactor vessels in a multiple arrangement the reactor vessels being formed by arrays of wells in blocks
    • B01J2219/00315—Microtiter plates
    • B01J2219/00317—Microwell devices, i.e. having large numbers of wells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
    • B01J2219/00497—Features relating to the solid phase supports
    • B01J2219/00513—Essentially linear supports
    • B01J2219/0052—Essentially linear supports in the shape of elongated tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
    • B01J2219/00497—Features relating to the solid phase supports
    • B01J2219/00513—Essentially linear supports
    • B01J2219/00524—Essentially linear supports in the shape of fiber bundles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
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    • B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
    • B01J2219/0054—Means for coding or tagging the apparatus or the reagents
    • B01J2219/00572—Chemical means
    • B01J2219/00576—Chemical means fluorophore
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
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    • B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
    • B01J2219/00585—Parallel processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
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    • B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
    • B01J2219/00596—Solid-phase processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
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    • B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
    • B01J2219/00603—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces
    • B01J2219/00639—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces the compounds being trapped in or bound to a porous medium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
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    • B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
    • B01J2219/00603—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces
    • B01J2219/00639—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces the compounds being trapped in or bound to a porous medium
    • B01J2219/00641—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces the compounds being trapped in or bound to a porous medium the porous medium being continuous, e.g. porous oxide substrates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
    • B01J2219/00603—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces
    • B01J2219/00639—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces the compounds being trapped in or bound to a porous medium
    • B01J2219/00644—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces the compounds being trapped in or bound to a porous medium the porous medium being present in discrete locations, e.g. gel pads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
    • B01J2219/00603—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces
    • B01J2219/00659—Two-dimensional arrays
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
    • B01J2219/00603—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces
    • B01J2219/00673—Slice arrays
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00718—Type of compounds synthesised
    • B01J2219/0072—Organic compounds
    • B01J2219/00722—Nucleotides
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a biological substance-immobilized gel and a biological substance-immobilized gel microarray using the same.
  • the microarray is used for analysis of gene expression, etc.
  • a means conventionally used for gene analysis is gel-based electrophoresis.
  • capillary gel electrophoresis has been developed with the aim of separating and analyzing trace amounts of biological samples in a short time.
  • Capillary gel electrophoresis uses glass capillaries filled with a hydrogel such as acrylamide.
  • microarrays carrying multiple capture probes for DNA or protein detection are employed as useful tools for detecting mutations and expression levels of many genes all at once.
  • Such microarrays are also known to have a large number of variations which are constructed using a gel.
  • microarrays known to use a gel for immobilization of capture probes include, for example, those having multiple slots or holes on a substrate (e.g., a resin board), in which the slots or holes are filled with a DNA-containing gel (see JP 2000-60554 A), as well as those having gel spots containing DNA or other substances on a flat substrate (see U.S. Pat. No. 5,770,721). Also, some of the inventors of the present invention have developed a microarray that is obtained by creating a hollow fiber alignment comprising hollow fibers whose hollow space is filled with a capture probe-containing gel and then cutting the alignment in a direction intersecting with its fiber axis. This microarray has been filed for patent application (see JP 2000-270877 A, JP 2000-270878 A and JP 2000-270879 A).
  • capture probe-immobilized microarrays may be used for hybridization with an analyte to detect specific nucleotide sequences. Detection of hybrids is accomplished by using a known means capable of specifically recognizing the hybrids, as exemplified by fluorescence detection.
  • the object of the present invention is to obtain gel composition which ensures a uniform distribution of fluorescence intensity in each compartment and provides a higher value for total fluorescence intensity summed over the entire area of each compartment, i.e., higher hybridization efficiency in the detection of a microarray after hybridization.
  • the present invention provides a biological substance-immobilized gel which comprises a gel containing 2%-7% by mass of N,N-dimethylacrylamide and a biological substance immobilized on and/or in the gel.
  • the present invention also provides a biological substance-immobilized gel which comprises a gel having the following composition and a biological substance immobilized on and/or in the gel: (a) N,N-dimethylacrylamide 2% to 7% by mass (b) cross-linking agent 0.1% to 1.5% by mass.
  • examples of a biological substance include nucleic acids.
  • examples of a cross-linking agent include multifunctional monomers having at least two ethylenically unsaturated bonds, as exemplified by methylenebisacrylamide.
  • the present invention further provides a method for preparing a biological substance-immobilized gel, which comprises immobilizing a biological substance on and/or in a gel containing 2%-7% by mass of N,N-dimethylacrylamide.
  • the gel is preferably obtained by reacting 2%-7% by mass of N,N-dimethylacrylamide in the presence of 0.1%-1.5% by mass of a cross-linking agent.
  • the present invention further provides a gel-filled hollow tube which comprises a hollow tube whose hollow space is filled with the biological substance-immobilized gel mentioned above.
  • a hollow tube include hollow fibers.
  • the present invention further provides a method for manufacturing a biological substance-immobilized gel microarray, which comprises allowing a plurality of the above gel-filled hollow tubes to be tied in a bundle and cutting the tube bundle in a direction intersecting with the longitudinal direction of the tubes.
  • the present invention further provides a method for manufacturing a biological substance-immobilized gel microarray, which comprises the following steps:
  • the present invention further provides a biological substance-immobilized gel microarray which comprises the above biological substance-immobilized gel arranged in multiple compartments.
  • the surface area of each compartment is preferably 10 ⁇ 6 m 2 or less. It is also possible to employ a biological substance-immobilized gel microarray whose compartments are formed by slots or through holes.
  • the present invention further provides a biological substance-immobilized gel microarray which is obtained by allowing a plurality of the above gel-filled hollow tubes (e.g., hollow fibers) to be tied in a bundle and cutting the tube bundle in a direction intersecting with the longitudinal direction of the tubes.
  • a biological substance-immobilized gel microarray which is obtained by allowing a plurality of the above gel-filled hollow tubes (e.g., hollow fibers) to be tied in a bundle and cutting the tube bundle in a direction intersecting with the longitudinal direction of the tubes.
  • the present invention further provides a method for detecting a target to be measured (e.g., nucleic acids such as DNA), which comprises reacting an analyte with the microarray mentioned above and detecting the target in the analyte.
  • a target to be measured in this detection is DNA, it is preferably 100 nucleotides or less in length.
  • the present invention is directed to a gel comprising a biological substance immobilized thereon and/or therein (i.e., a biological substance-immobilized gel), whose composition includes N,N-dimethylacrylamide (2% to 7% by mass).
  • biological substance is intended to mean a biological material which may be used as a capture probe. Examples include deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA), ribonucleic acids (RNA), proteins and lipids. These biological substances may be commercially available or derived from living cells, etc.
  • DNA extraction from living cells may be accomplished, e.g., by the method of Blin et al. [Nucleic. Acids. Res. 3. 2303 (1976)], while RNA extraction may be accomplished, e.g., by the method of Favaloro et al. [Methods. Enzymol. 65. 718 (1980)].
  • DNA used for this purpose is linear or circular plasmid DNA or chromosomal DNA. It is also possible to use DNA fragments cleaved with restriction enzymes or by chemical treatments, DNA molecules synthesized in vitro by enzymatic or other processes, or oligonucleotides chemically synthesized, etc.
  • Biological substances prepared by the methods stated above or other techniques are immobilized on and/or in a gelatinous material (hereinafter referred to as a gel).
  • a gelatinous material hereinafter referred to as a gel.
  • immobilized is used to mean that a biological substance is retained on and/or in a gel.
  • composition of such a gel includes N,N-dimethylacrylamide in an amount of 2% to 7% by mass of the gel, but the following composition is preferred: (a) N,N-dimethylacrylamide 2% to 7% by mass (b) cross-linking agent 0.1% to 1.5% by mass.
  • the lower limit of the amount of N,N-dimethylacrylamide is 2.5% to 5.0% by mass.
  • Preferred cross-linking agents are multifunctional monomers having at least two ethylenically unsaturated bonds.
  • the amount of such a cross-linking agent is preferably 0.1% to 1.5% by mass of the gel, and more preferably 0.3% to 0.7% by mass of the gel.
  • Any cross-linking agent can be used without particular limitations as long as it is among the multifunctional monomers stated above. Examples include methylenebisacrylamide, divinylbenzene, and polyethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate.
  • N,N-dimethylacrylamide and a cross-linking agent may be mixed and copolymerized in an aqueous medium, or alternatively, N,N-dimethylacrylamide may be polymerized to give a prepolymer, which in turn may be mixed and copolymerized with a cross-linking agent.
  • biological substances modified to have a terminal vinyl group may be added during polymerization and copolymerized with components of the gel (see WO 02/62817), or a hydrazine-treated gel may be prepared and reacted with biological substances having an amino group (see JP 6-507486 A).
  • the biological substance-immobilized gel prepared in the present invention preferably has a water permeability of 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 m 3 ⁇ m ⁇ /m 2 /hr/MPa or more.
  • the water permeability of the gel is calculated from the amount of water permeating through the gel. A water permeation experiment is performed as follows and the measured value is defined as the water permeability.
  • a gel disk of 1 mm thickness and 20 mm diameter is prepared and overlaid on a support filter (Millipore SMWPO4700).
  • the gel disk is then placed in a filtration holder (ADVANTEC UHP-43K) and the holder is filled with water. Nitrogen pressure is then applied to the filtration holder and a PE tube of 2 mm diameter is connected to the filtrate outlet.
  • the amount of water permeating through the gel disk is estimated from the time required for the front-end of the filtrate to move a given distance (40 cm) through the tube, followed by calculation of the water permeability.
  • the gel preferably has a shape retention rate of 0.4 or more, more preferably 0.6 or more.
  • the shape retention rate of the gel is defined as the value measured as follows.
  • a gel is prepared in a cylindrical container of 13 mm diameter and 4 cm length. The gel is removed from the container, allowed to stand at 25° C. for 24 hours in an airtight container, and then measured for its height
  • the thus prepared biological substance-immobilized gel may be used as a tool for gene analysis as a gel carrying capture probes.
  • the above gel may be filled into the hollow space of a hollow tube to prepare a gel-filled hollow tube, which in turn can be used as an analysis tool for genes, etc.
  • the hollow space may be filled with the gel in the same manner as in the production of capillary columns used for capillary gel electrophoresis.
  • the gel of the present invention may also be used as a component of a microarray.
  • an immobilized gel when the above gel carrying capture probes immobilized thereon and/or therein (hereinafter referred to as an immobilized gel) is arranged on a flat substrate, it is possible to manufacture a microarray in which the immobilized gel is arranged in multiple compartments on the flat substrate (see JP 6-507486 A and U.S. Pat. No. 5,770,721).
  • a flat substrate having multiple slots or through holes may also be used for this purpose.
  • a biological substance-containing monomer solution before or immediately after initiation of polymerization may be introduced into each compartment formed by a slot or a through hole, followed by polymerization and cross-linking within each compartment to give a microarray in which a biological substance-immobilized gel is arranged on the substrate (i.e., a biological substance-immobilized gel microarray) (see JP 2000-60554 A).
  • the type of biological substance to be retained in each compartment may vary from compartment to compartment.
  • multiple immobilized gels of the same type may be grouped together and arranged on a microarray.
  • a gel carrying, e.g., a pigment instead of a biological substance may be retained in a compartment(s) to determine the coordinates of compartments.
  • the surface area of each compartment is usually 10 ⁇ 6 m 2 or less.
  • the lower limit is not restricted in any way as long as biological substances can be detected.
  • hollow tubes examples include glass tubes, stainless steel tubes, and hollow fibers.
  • hollow fibers are preferred for use.
  • fibers available for use in the present inventions include chemical fibers such as synthetic fibers, semi-synthetic fibers, regenerated fibers and inorganic fibers, as well as natural fibers (JP 2000-270878 A).
  • synthetic fibers include various types of polyamide-type fibers such as Nylon 6, Nylon 66 and aromatic polyamide fibers, various types of polyester-type fibers such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutyrene terephthalate, polylactic acid and polyglycolic acid fibers, various types of acrylic-type fibers such as polyacrylonitrile fibers, various types of polyolefin-type fibers such as polyethylene and polypropylene fibers, various types of polyvinyl alcohol-type fibers, various types of polyvinylidene chloride-type fibers, polyvinyl chloride-type fibers, various types of polyurethane-type fibers, phenol-type fibers, fluoro-type fibers such as polyvinylidene fluoride and poly(tetrafluoroethylene), polyalkylene parahydroxybenzoate-type fibers, as well as fibers formed using (meth)acrylic-type resins such as polymethylmethacrylate.
  • polyester-type fibers such as polyethylene ter
  • Representative examples of semi-synthetic fibers include various types of cellulose-type derivative-type fibers originated from diacetate, triacetate, chitin, chitosan and the like, as well as various types of protein-type fibers called promix.
  • Representative examples of regenerated fibers include various types of regenerated cellulose fibers (e.g., rayon, cupra, polynosic) which are obtained by viscose or cuprammonium process or by organic solvent process.
  • inorganic fibers include glass fibers and carbon fibers.
  • natural fibers include vegetable fibers such as cotton, linen, ramie and jute, animal fibers such as sheep wool and silk, as well as mineral fibers such as asbestos.
  • Hollow fibers other than natural fibers may be produced in a known manner using special nozzles.
  • the melt spinning technique is preferred for polyamides, polyesters, polyolefins and the like, which can use a horseshoe- or C-shaped nozzle, a double-tubed nozzle, etc.
  • the solvent spinning technique is preferred for spinning synthetic polymers that are not melt-spinnable and polymers that are used in semi-synthetic fibers or regenerated fibers.
  • a double-tubed nozzle is also used in this case to give hollow fibers having a continuous hollow space by spinning the fibers while filling an appropriate liquid as a core material into the hollow space.
  • the hollow tubes thus prepared may each be used as a base unit for supporting the biological substance-immobilized gel of the present invention.
  • microarrays biological substance-immobilized gel microarrays
  • microarrays biological substance-immobilized gel microarrays
  • individual hollow tubes may be filled with the gel before being tied in a bundle.
  • these hollow tubes may be regularly arranged and bonded with an adhesive or the like to give, e.g., a tube alignment in which the hollow tubes are regularly arranged in both vertical and horizontal directions.
  • the term “regularly” is used to mean that tubes are arranged in an orderly manner such that the number of hollow tubes contained in a fame of certain size can be the same.
  • Such a tube alignment may be produced as follows, by way of example. Namely, two perforated plates with a regular arrangement of holes are provided, and hollow tubes are threaded through the holes in both plates such that the positions of holes in both perforated plates are matched with each other. The space between these perforated plates is then adjusted. It should be noted that the step of threading hollow tubes through the holes and the step of adjusting the space between perforated plates may be conducted in reverse order. Then, tension is applied to the hollow tubes and, under this condition, spaces between the hollow tubes (spaces within the tube bundle) are filled with a resin so as to bond the bundle of the tubes, thereby obtaining a tube alignment (JP 2001-239594 A).
  • the tube alignment may be of any shape in cross section.
  • hollow tubes may be regularly arranged to form a square or rectangular cross section, or alternatively, hollow tubes may be concentrically arranged to form a circular cross section.
  • the above tube alignment is cut in a direction intersecting with, preferably perpendicular to, the longitudinal direction (i.e., the axial direction of the hollow tubes) to obtain slices.
  • An example of a cutting method involves cutting slices from the tube alignment using a microtome.
  • the thickness of slices can be arbitrarily adjusted, but it usually ranges from 1 to 5,000 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 2,000 ⁇ m.
  • the slices thus prepared may each be used as a microarray for supporting the biological substance-immobilized gel.
  • the microarray of the present invention can be used as a kit for detecting a target(s) to be measured (e.g., nucleic acids or proteins).
  • An analyte containing biological substances to be detected e.g., nucleic acids such as DNA
  • biological substances to be detected e.g., nucleic acids such as DNA
  • DNA targets to be measured are fluorescently labeled and then hybridized with DNA in the microarray.
  • the microarray is washed to remove unreacted DNA, followed by detection of fluorescence intensity.
  • the fluorescence intensity may be detected using any device (e.g., a commercially available DNA detector).
  • the inventive “biological substance-immobilized gel which comprises a gel containing 2%-7% by mass of N,N-dimethylacrylamide and a biological substance immobilized on and/or in the gel” has good reactivity and ensures uniform fluorescence intensity per compartment of a microarray, thus providing highly sensitive detection results.
  • FIG. 1 presents photographs showing the results of DNA detection using the microarray of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 presents photographs showing the results of DNA detection using the microarray of the present invention.
  • MMA methyl methacrylate
  • MA methyl acrylate
  • Two perforated plates of 0.1 mm thickness were placed one upon another, each of which had 9 holes (diameter: 0.32 mm; center-to-center distance: 0.42 mm) arranged in a 3 by 3 array, and 9 hollow fibers prepared above were then threaded through the respective holes in these perforated plates.
  • the space between these two perforated plates was set to 50 mm and the hollow fibers were fixed under tension at two points, 50 mm and 100 mm from one end.
  • a resin raw material was then poured into the space between these two perforated plates.
  • a polyurethane resin adhesive (Nipporan 4276/Coronate 4403, Nippon Polyurethane Industry Co., Ltd.) was used, which was supplemented with carbon black in an amount of 2.5% by mass, based on the total weight of this adhesive.
  • the plates were allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 week to cure the resin.
  • the perforated plates were then removed to give a hollow fiber alignment.
  • Oligonucleotide synthesis was carried out using an automated DNA/RNA synthesizer (PE Biosystems Model 394). In the final step of synthesis, an amino group [NH 2 (CH 2 ) 6 —] was introduced at the 5′-terminus to synthesize oligonucleotide A (SEQ ID NO: 1) shown below. The same procedure was repeated to synthesize oligonucleotide B (SEQ ID NO: 2), except that no amino group was introduced at the 5′-terminus. Amino group introduction at the 5′-terminus was accomplished by using AminoLink IITM (Applied Biosystem).
  • oligonucleotide A 500 nmol/ml, 5 ⁇ l
  • glycidyl methacrylate 0.5 ⁇ l
  • water was added to a total volume of 25 l to give an oligonucleotide (100 nmol/ml) having a terminal methacrylate group (GMA-denatured oligonucleotide A).
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiac JCM7255 was grown in 100 ml YPD medium (20 g/L glucose, 10 g/L yeast extract, 20 g/L polypeptone, pH 6.0) at 30° C. for 1 day, followed by collection of the bacterial cells.
  • the chromosomal DNA was prepared in a routine manner from the collected bacterial cells and used as a PCR template.
  • the GMA-denatured oligonucleotide A and oligonucleotide B were diluted with sterilized water to 50 ⁇ M and 5 ⁇ M, respectively. These oligonucleotides were used as primers to perform polymerase chain reaction (hereinafter referred to as PCR) with the template prepared above.
  • PCR polymerase chain reaction
  • PCR conditions were as described in the specification of Ex-Taq (Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd.) and PCR was performed using a TaKaRa PCR Thermal Cycler PERSONAL. The reaction was repeated for 30 cycles with 100 ⁇ l under temperature conditions of 93° C. for 30 seconds, 65° C. for 30 seconds and 72° C. for 2 minutes.
  • a vinyl-terminated nucleic acid (capture probe A; SEQ ID NO: 3) was amplified by PCR.
  • Polymerization solutions 1 and 2 having the compositions shown in Table 1 were prepared.
  • Monomer solution A and a polymerization initiator solution were prepared as follows.
  • Dimethylacrylamide (0.45 g) and methylenebisacrylamide (0.05 g) were dissolved in a 50/50 (by mass) mixture of glycerine and pure water to give a total volume of 10 ml.
  • Polymerization solution 1 was filled into the hollow space of three hollow fibers in the center row of the hollow fiber alignment obtained in (2) above, while polymerization solution 2 was filled into the hollow space of the other hollow fibers. Polymerization solutions 1 and 2 were filled. The alignment was transferred to an airtight glass container, inside of which was saturated with water vapor, and then allowed to stand at 55° C. for 1 hour to perform polymerization.
  • the hollow fiber alignment was repeatedly cut using a microtome in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the hollow fibers, thereby obtaining slices of about 500 ⁇ m thickness.
  • a hybridization solution was prepared, which was supplemented with 200 fmol/ml oligonucleotide C (SEQ ID NO: 4) complementary to a part of the nucleotide sequence of capture probe A (nucleotides 241 to 339 of SEQ ID NO: 3).
  • Oligonucleotide C was synthesized in the same manner as shown in (3) above using an automated DNA synthesizer, and Cy5 was introduced at the 5′-terminus. After completion of the synthesis, the oligonucleotide was deprotected and purified in a standard manner before use.
  • the slice obtained in (6) and the above hybridization solution (1 ml) were poured into a HybriPack, followed by heat-sealing the top end of the pack. Hybridization was performed at 65° C. for 20 hours.
  • the washed slice was placed on a non-fluorescent slide glass and a few drops of sterilized water were put onto the slice.
  • the slide glass was then covered with a cover glass and mounted on a DNA chip detector (GeneTac V, Genomic Solutions K. K.), followed by detection using a Cy5 laser.
  • the image size was set to 10 ⁇ m per pixel.
  • FIG. 1 shows the fluorescence intensity obtained, along with an image of the washed hollow fiber and its surrounding area. The center of each compartment was determined as appropriate. As a result, the distribution of fluorescence intensity in the hybridized compartments was uniform.
  • FIG. 1 shows the fluorescence intensity obtained, along with an image of the washed hollow fiber and its surrounding area.
  • FIG. 1 shows the fluorescence intensity obtained, along with an image of the washed hollow fiber and its surrounding area
  • the fluorescence intensity was lower than in Example 1, and the fluorescence intensity in the hollow space was high in the peripheral region, but low in the center region.
  • Capture probe B was constructed to have a terminal methacrylate group by introducing an amino group at the 5′-terminus and then reacting the same with glycidyl methacrylate.
  • a hybridization solution was prepared, which was supplemented with 1 pmol/ml oligonucleotide E (SEQ ID NO: 6) including, as a part thereof, a complementary sequence to the nucleotide sequence of capture probe B (nucleotides 16 to 85 of SEQ ID NO: 6).
  • Oligonucleotide E was synthesized using an automated DNA synthesizer, and Cy5 was introduced at the 5′-terminus. After completion of the synthesis, the oligonucleotide was deprotected and purified in a standard manner before use.
  • Oligonucleotide E (SEQ ID NO: 6)] gcccactggc gatgcatgtc ttccactatt ggctcgaacc agcccttgag gcgggcctgg aagatctccg cctgcaggcg tatttgctgg gtctgttccc [Composition of Hybridization Solution]
  • the resulting slice and the above hybridization solution (1 ml) were poured into a HybriPack, followed by heat-sealing the top end of the pack. Hybridization was performed at 37° C. for 16 hours.
  • the slice was removed from the HybriPack and washed under the conditions shown in Table 3 in the order listed.
  • the washing temperature was 45° C.
  • the volume of a washing solution was 10 ml.
  • the washed slice was placed on a non-fluorescent slide glass and a few drops of sterilized water were put onto the slice.
  • the slide glass was then covered with a cover glass and mounted on a DNA chip detector (GeneTac IV, Genomic Solutions K. K.), followed by detection using a Cy5 laser.
  • the image size was set to 10 ⁇ m per pixel.
  • the fluorescence intensity averaged over 200 pixels around the center of each compartment was calculated as the intensity per compartment.
  • FIG. 2 shows the fluorescence intensity obtained, along with an image of the washed hollow fiber and its surrounding area. The center of each compartment was determined as appropriate. As a result, the distribution of fluorescence intensity in the hybridized compartments was uniform.
  • FIG. 2 shows the fluorescence intensity per compartment, along with an image of the washed hollow fiber and its surrounding area. The center of each compartment was determined as appropriate. As a result, the distribution of fluorescence intensity in the hybridized compartments was uniform.
  • N,N-Dimethylacrylamide (0.72 g) and methylenebisacrylamide (0.08 g) were dissolved in a 50/50 (by mass) mixture of glycerine and pure water to give a total volume of 10ml.
  • FIG. 2 shows the fluorescence intensity obtained, along with an image of the washed hollow fiber and its surrounding area.
  • the fluorescence intensity was lower than in Example 2, and the fluorescence intensity in the hollow space was high in the peripheral region, but low in the center region.
  • N,N-Dimethylacrylamide (0.18 g) and methylenebisacrylamide (0.02 g) were dissolved in a 50/50 (by mass) mixture of glycerine and pure water to give a total volume of 10 ml.
  • the sliced chip did not hold any gel and its hollow spaces were not filled ( FIG. 2 ).
  • the present invention provides a biological substance-immobilized gel.
  • the gel of the present invention is useful for detection of genes such as DNA because its use ensures uniform fluorescence intensity throughout the compartment and achieves higher hybridization efficiency.

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US20110060380A1 (en) * 2009-09-10 2011-03-10 Mark Gelfand Respiratory rectification
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JP5790113B2 (ja) * 2011-04-18 2015-10-07 三菱レイヨン株式会社 生体関連物質の検出方法
CN104054372A (zh) * 2011-11-04 2014-09-17 诺基亚通信公司 Anr建立解决方案
EP2787068A4 (en) * 2011-12-01 2014-10-22 Mitsubishi Rayon Co BASE FOR USE IN AMPLIFICATION OF NUCLEIC ACID, AND METHOD FOR AMPLIFICATION OF NUCLEIC ACID
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US9080285B2 (en) 1999-03-05 2015-07-14 Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. Carriers having biological substance
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