US20050230269A1 - Nitrogen oxide decomposing element and nitrogen oxide decomposing apparatus including the same - Google Patents

Nitrogen oxide decomposing element and nitrogen oxide decomposing apparatus including the same Download PDF

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Publication number
US20050230269A1
US20050230269A1 US10/511,679 US51167904A US2005230269A1 US 20050230269 A1 US20050230269 A1 US 20050230269A1 US 51167904 A US51167904 A US 51167904A US 2005230269 A1 US2005230269 A1 US 2005230269A1
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Prior art keywords
nitrogen oxide
oxide
nitrogen
catalyst
solid electrolyte
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US10/511,679
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Masato Machida
Shiro Yamauchi
Minoru Kimura
Shigeru Yamaji
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Assigned to MITSUBISHI DENKI KABUSHIKI KAISHA, MACHIDA, MASATO reassignment MITSUBISHI DENKI KABUSHIKI KAISHA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KIMURA, MINORU, MACHIDA, MASATO, YAMAJI, SHIGERU, YAMAUCHI, SHIRO
Publication of US20050230269A1 publication Critical patent/US20050230269A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/56—Nitrogen oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
    • B01D53/326—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00 in electrochemical cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a nitrogen oxide decomposing element for decomposing and removing nitrogen oxide and a nitrogen oxide decomposing apparatus including the same.
  • a nitrogen oxide purging system for decomposing and removing nitrogen oxide has various uses, such as an exhaust gas treatment of an automobile, a distributed cogeneration system, and air cleaning of an enclosed space such as a long tunnel or a factory, and increased demand is expected into the future.
  • a conventional technique to remove nitrogen oxide for example, there is JP-A-2002-153755 as patent document 1.
  • This patent document 1 discloses a method of purging nitrogen oxide NOx by using ammonia as a reductant.
  • an ammonia molecule donates an electron through an adjacent noble metal to nitrogen monoxide (NO) adsorbed on the noble metal, and as a result, the nitrogen monoxide (NO) becomes apt to dissociate into a (N atoms) become a nitrogen molecule (N 2 molecule).
  • the temperature of a flowing gas is 400° C.
  • JP-A-11-342313 discloses a method of treating a harmful substance-containing gas and an apparatus therefor, in which ozone as a highly safe oxidizer is used to be capable of treating a gas containing harmful substances such as various organic contaminants, malodorous components, and bacteria.
  • the patent document 2 proposes that after ozone is added to and mixed with the gas containing the harmful substances, the gas is passed through an adsorbent layer filled with high silica adsorbent for adsorbing the ozone and for adsorbing the harmful substances, so that the harmful substances in the gas are made harmless by the action of the ozone.
  • the method proposed in patent document 1 has problems that it is not desirable to use ammonia in consideration for the environment and human body, and further, it is necessary to perform the treatment at a high temperature of 400° C., it is difficult to perform the treatment adapted to variations in the concentration of nitrogen oxide, and the treatment of unreacted ammonia is required. Also in the method of patent document 2, in the case where the adsorbed nitrogen oxide is desorbed to reuse the adsorbent, it is necessary to perform the treatment at a high temperature of 300 to 400° C.
  • the invention has been made to solve the foregoing problems, and a first object thereof is to propose a nitrogen oxide decomposing element capable of performing a treatment at a relatively low temperature without using a material, which is suspected to have influence on the environment and human body, as an oxidant or a catalyst.
  • a second object thereof is to propose a nitrogen oxide decomposing apparatus using the above nitrogen oxide decomposing element.
  • a nitrogen oxide decomposing element of the invention includes a conductive solid electrolyte film for selectively allowing a hydrogen ion to pass through, a first electrode made of an electronic conductivity base material disposed on a part of a surface of the conductive solid electrolyte film and a catalyst for accelerating anodic oxidation, a second electrode made of an electronic conductivity base material disposed on the other part of the surface of the conductive solid electrolyte film and a catalyst for accelerating cathodic reduction, and a platinum group catalyst supported by a porous metal oxide disposed to be adjacent to the second electrode.
  • the nitrogen oxide decomposing element of the invention is obtained in which a treatment can be performed at a relatively low temperature (60° C. to 80° C.) without using a material, which is suspected to have influence on the environment and human body, as an oxidant or a catalyst.
  • a nitrogen oxide decomposing apparatus of the invention includes the nitrogen oxide decomposing element, a frame holding this, a gas supply ports for supplying an anode gas and a cathode gas into this frame, a gas exhaust port for exhausting the gases in the frame to outside, and a power source for applying a DC voltage between the first and the second electrodes.
  • the nitrogen oxide decomposing apparatus of the invention is obtained in which a treatment can be performed at a relatively low temperature (60° C. to 80° C.) without using a material, which is suspected to have influence on the environment and human body, as an oxidant or a catalyst.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a nitrogen oxide decomposing apparatus of embodiment 1 of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a view showing a current effect of the nitrogen oxide decomposing apparatus of embodiment 1 of the invention with respect to the removal of nitrogen monoxide at 60° C.
  • FIG. 3 is a view showing a current effect of the nitrogen oxide decomposing apparatus of embodiment 1 of the invention with respect to the removal of nitrogen monoxide at 70° C.
  • FIG. 4 is a view showing a current effect of the nitrogen oxide decomposing apparatus of embodiment 1 of the invention with respect to the removal of nitrogen monoxide at 80° C.
  • FIG. 5 is aview showing the current effects of the nitrogen oxide decomposing apparatus of embodiment 1 of the invention with respect to the removal of nitrogen oxide at 60° C., 70° C. and 80° C.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a nitrogen oxide decomposing apparatus of embodiment 3 of the invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a view showing the operation and effect of the nitrogen oxide decomposing apparatus of embodiment 3 of the invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing a nitrogen oxide decomposing apparatus of embodiment 4 of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a nitrogen oxide decomposing element of embodiment 1 of the invention and a structure of a nitrogen oxide decomposing apparatus.
  • the nitrogen oxide decomposing apparatus of embodiment 1 includes a nitrogen oxide decomposing element 1 and a frame 7 for housing it.
  • the nitrogen oxide decomposing element 1 includes a conductive solid electrolyte film 2 for selectively allowing a hydrogen ion to pass through, a first electrode layer 3 made of an electronic conductivity base material disposed to be in contact with a part of a surface of the solid electrolyte film 2 and a catalyst (hereinafter referred to as an anodic catalyst) for accelerating anodic oxidation, a second electrode layer 4 made of an electronic conductivity base material disposed to be in contact with the other part of the surface of the solid electrolyte film 2 and a catalyst (hereinafter referred to as a cathodic catalyst) for accelerating cathodic oxidation, and a platinum group catalyst 6 supported by a porous metal oxide 5 disposed to be adjacent to the second electrode layer 4 .
  • the solid electrolyte film 2 has plane surfaces 2 a and 2 b opposite to each other, and the first electrode layer 3 and the second electrode layer 4 are respectively formed to be in close contact with the plane surfaces 2 a and 2 b.
  • a feeding body is used in which a porous platinum thin film layer and a porous titanium are laminated by plating, and a titanium surface of the porous titanium is further plated with platinum, and the platinum plating of the surface has functions of the anodic catalyst and the cathodic catalyst.
  • the porous metal oxide 5 having the function of occluding and concentrating nitrogen oxide is disposed to be in contact with the second electrode layer 4 , and platinum as the platinum group catalyst 6 is supported by the metal oxide 5 at a weight ratio of 1 wt %. That is, the metal molecules of the platinum group catalyst 6 are contained in pores of the porous metal oxide 5 .
  • a porous body is immersed in a solution containing a platinum component, for example, achloroplatinic acid (H 2 PtCl 6 ) solution, and is heated up to about 400° C., so that platinum is supported by the porous body.
  • a platinum component for example, achloroplatinic acid (H 2 PtCl 6 ) solution
  • hydrogen-terminated zeolite is used as the porous metal oxide 5 .
  • the zeolite includes aluminum oxide and silicon oxide as components, and is denoted by using a general formula W m Z n O 2n .sH 2 O.
  • W denotes one of sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), barium (Ba) and strontium (Sr)
  • Z denotes silicon (Si)+aluminum (Al)
  • the ratio of silicon (Si) to aluminum (Al) is larger than 1 (Si/Al>1), and s is not constant.
  • the metal oxide 5 used in embodiment 1 is an acidic oxide or an amphoteric oxide.
  • the acidic oxide reacts with a base (alkali) to form salt, and a high oxidation number oxide of transition metal, for example, titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) belongs to this.
  • the amphoteric oxide is one oxide which indicates an acidity to a base and indicate a basicity to an acid, and for example, aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) belongs to this.
  • the nitrogen oxide decomposing element 1 constructed of the solid electrolyte film 2 , the first electrode layer 3 , the second electrode layer 4 , and the platinum group catalyst 6 supported by the metal oxide 5 is held by the frame 7 .
  • the frame 7 is constructed of a circular frame body 7 a , an upper cover body 7 b airtightly joined to its upper end face through an O-ring 8 a , and a lower cover body 7 c airtightly joined to its lower end face through an O-ring 8 b .
  • the space in the frame 7 is divided into one at the side of the first electrode 3 and one at the side of the second electrode 4 by the solid electrolyte film 2 , and an upper treatment chamber 7 d and a lower treatment chamber 7 e are formed.
  • An anode gas supply port 9 and an anode gas exhaust port 10 are attached to the upper cover body 7 b , and a mixed gas of water vapor (H 2 O) and nitrogen (N 2 ) is supplied into the upper treatment chamber 7 d through the anode gas supply port 9 .
  • the nitrogen (N 2 ) may be replaced by air.
  • a cathode gas supply port 11 and a cathode gas exhaust port 12 are attached to the lower cover body 7 c , and a mixed gas of nitrogen monoxide (NO) as nitrogen oxide, oxygen (O 2 ) and helium (He) is supplied into the lower treatment chamber 7 e through the cathode gas support port 11 .
  • Reactions at the respective places of the nitrogen oxide decomposing element 1 in embodiment 1 are as follows.
  • a nitrogen gas containing water vapor is supplied through the anode gas supply port 9 into the upper treatment chamber 7 d at the side of the first electrode layer 3 , and is made to come in contact with the first electrode layer 3 .
  • a gas containing nitrogen oxide is supplied through the cathode supply port 11 into the lower processing chamber 7 e at the side of the second electrode layer 4 , and is made to come in contact with the second electrode layer 4 .
  • the energization of a DC power source 13 is started, and when a DC voltage is applied between the first and the second electrode layers 3 and 4 , the first electrode layer 3 becomes an anode, the second electrode layer 4 becomes a cathode, and the anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction occur by the actions of the catalysts provided in the respective layers.
  • the water molecule (H 2 O) is electrolyzed and the hydrogen ion (H + ) is produced.
  • the hydrogen ion is moved to the side of the second electrode 4 through the solid electrolyte film 2 , reacts with the nitrogen oxide (NO) on the second electrode layer 4 , and as indicated by (chemical formula 4) and (chemical formula 5), the nitrogen oxide is electrochemically reduced and decomposed into the nitrogen molecule (N 2 ) and water molecule.
  • the nitrogen oxide is decomposed by two kinds of reactions, that is, the chemical reductive reaction (formulas (chemical formula 8) to (chemical formula 11)) in which only molecules are involved, and the electrochemical reductive reaction (formulas (chemical formula 1) to (chemical formula 7)) in which ions are involved.
  • the chemical reductive reaction formulas (chemical formula 8) to (chemical formula 11)
  • the electrochemical reductive reaction formulas (chemical formula 1) to (chemical formula 7)
  • FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 show current effects with respect to the removal of nitrogen oxide in the case where in the nitrogen oxide decomposing apparatus constructed as described above, the area of each of the reaction surfaces, that is, the first and the second electrode layers 3 and 4 is 0.8 cm 2 , nitrogen monoxide, as the nitrogen oxide, having a concentration of 1000 ppm and contained in helium (He) gas is supplied at a flow rate 10 ml/min, and a DC constant current is supplied between the first and the second electrode layers 3 and 4 .
  • the nitrogen oxide (NOx) is the sum of NO and NO 2 .
  • the ratios of NOx decomposed at 60° C., 70° C. and 80 2 C. are obtained by analyzing gases exhausted from the cathode gas exhaust port 12 by an analyzer.
  • ratio % of decomposed NOx ⁇ (NOx concentration (0.1%) at the supply port) ⁇ (NOx concentration % at the exhaust port) ⁇ (NOx concentration (0.1%) at the supply port) ⁇ 100.
  • NOx concentration is the sum of the concentrations of NO and NO 2 .
  • FIG. 5 the vertical axis indicates the nitrogen monoxide concentration at the exhaust port and the horizontal axis indicates the current, and FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 are shown as a graph.
  • a curved line A indicates the case of 60° C. of FIG. 2
  • a curved line B indicates the case of 70° C. of FIG. 3
  • a curved line C indicates the case of 80° C. of FIG. 4 .
  • FIG. 5 at any temperatures, as the current density increases, the decomposition removal effect of the nitrogen oxide increases, and in the range of the current density of 15 mA/cm 2 or higher, about 80% of the nitrogen oxide was removed.
  • the nitrogen oxide removal effect at 80° C. which is highest among these, is inferior to the results at 60° C. and 70° C., it is indicated that even in the case where the temperature is raised up to 80° C. or higher, a higher effect is not obtained. That is, the nitrogen oxide decomposing apparatus in this embodiment can sufficiently exhibit the effect at a relatively low temperature of 60° C. to 80° C.
  • the nitrogen oxide decomposing element 1 including the first electrode layer 3 and the second electrode layer 4 respectively disposed on the opposed plane surfaces 2 a and 2 b of the surface of the solid electrolyte film 2 , and the platinum group catalyst 6 supported by the porous metal oxide 5 disposed to be adjacent to the second electrode layer 4 .
  • This nitrogen oxide decomposing element 1 is held by the frame 7 , the gas containing water vapor as the anode gas is supplied through the anode gas supply port 9 into the frame 7 and the gas containing nitrogen oxide as the cathode gas is supplied through the cathode gas supply port 11 , and the DC voltage is applied between the first and the second electrode layers 3 and 4 by the DC power source 13 .
  • the nitrogen oxide decomposing apparatus is obtained which can perform the treatment at a relatively low temperature (60° C. to 80° C.) without using a material, which is suspected to have influence on the environment or human body, as the oxidant or the catalyst.
  • a nitrogen oxide decomposing element of embodiment 2 is such that a mixed layer including an electronic conductivity base material, a solid electrolyte film, a platinum group catalyst and a cathodic catalyst is disposed between the solid electrolyte film 2 of the nitrogen oxide decomposing element 1 (see FIG. 1 ) of embodiment 1 and the second electrode 4 and is brought into close contact therewith.
  • This mixed layer can be formed by dispersing aplatinum group catalyst, a cathodic catalyst, a fine-grained electronic conductivity base material, and a fine-grained solid electrolyte film into a solution, heating them to evaporate volatile components, and combining the fine grain components with each other.
  • the electrochemical reactions described in embodiment 1 occur at an interface between each electrode and the solid electrolyte film, the amount of reaction and the reaction speed are increased in proportion to the area of the interface.
  • the interface between the electrode and the solid electrolyte film, that is, the reaction site of the electrochemical reaction is increased at the side of the second electrode layer 4 , so that the efficiency of the electrochemical reductive reaction of the nitrogen oxide is improved.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a nitrogen oxide decomposing apparatus of embodiment 3.
  • the nitrogen oxide decomposing apparatus in this embodiment includes a nitrogen oxide sensor 14 for detecting the concentration of nitrogen oxide, and a power source/control device 15 for controlling the magnitude of a current flowing between a first and a second current layers 3 and 4 and an energization time in accordance with the concentration of the nitrogen oxide detected by the nitrogen oxide sensor 14 .
  • a nitrogen oxide sensor 14 for detecting the concentration of nitrogen oxide
  • a power source/control device 15 for controlling the magnitude of a current flowing between a first and a second current layers 3 and 4 and an energization time in accordance with the concentration of the nitrogen oxide detected by the nitrogen oxide sensor 14 .
  • the nitrogen oxide sensor 14 is disposed in the vicinity of a platinum group catalyst 6 supported by a metal oxide 5 at a cathode side.
  • the nitrogen oxide sensor 14 including a sensitive part having a size of about 1/10 of the nitrogen oxide decomposing element 1 is fixed in the vicinity of the metal oxide 5 and information is extracted to the outside through a signal line.
  • y 1 and y 2 denote previously set nitrogen oxide concentration values
  • y 1 denotes an energization stop concentration
  • y 2 denotes an energization start concentration. That is, at time points t 1 and t 3 when the nitrogen oxide concentration detected by the nitrogen oxide sensor 14 exceeds y 2 , the energization by the power source/control device 15 is started, and the decomposition and removal of the nitrogen oxide is performed. At time points t 2 and t 4 when the nitrogen oxide concentration is lowered to y 1 or less, the energization is stopped.
  • the power source/control device 15 can also operate to increase or decrease the amount of the flowing current in accordance with the increase or decrease amount of the nitrogen oxide concentration.
  • the low-power consumption nitrogen oxide decomposing apparatus is obtained which can deal with the concentration change of the nitrogen oxide, and can efficiently use electric energy.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing a nitrogen oxide decomposing apparatus of embodiment 4 of the invention.
  • This embodiment 4 includes a case 1 shown in FIG. 8 ( a ) and a case 2 shown in FIG. 8 ( b ).
  • Each of these cases 1 and 2 includes one gas supply port 16 and one gas exhaust port 17 .
  • a first electrode layer 3 and a second electrode layer 4 are disposed to be separate from each other on one surface 2 a of a solid electrolyte film 2 , and a metal oxide 5 and a platinum group catalyst 6 are disposed on the second electrode layer 4 .
  • the case 1 of FIG. 8 ( a ) is the case in which similarly to the gases from the gas supply ports 9 and 11 of embodiment 1 , water vapor (H 2 O), nitrogen gas (N 2 ), nitrogen monoxide gas (NO), oxygen gas (O 2 ), and helium gas (He) are supplied from the gas supply port 16 , and a reaction with the water vapor (H 2 O) occurs at the side of the first electrode 3 as the anode.
  • the first electrode layer 3 and the second electrode layer 4 are respectively provided on the same plane surface of the surface of the solid electrolyte film 2 .
  • the materials constituting the solid electrolyte film 2 and the first and the second electrode layers 3 and 4 are the same as those of embodiment 1.
  • the platinum group catalyst 6 supported by hydrogen-terminated zeolite as the porous metal oxide 5 for example, iridium is provided on the second electrode layer 4 .
  • a mixed gas of a gas containing water vapor and a gas containing nitrogen oxide is made to come into contact with the first and the second electrode layers 3 and 4 , so that similarly to the embodiment 1, the nitrogen oxide is decomposed and removed.
  • the reactions at the respective places of the nitrogen oxide decomposing element of embodiment 4 will be set forth below with respect to the case 1 and the case 2 .
  • the nitrogen oxide decomposing apparatus can be simplified and miniaturized. By this, the installation in the vicinity of the source of nitrogen oxide becomes possible, and the decomposition and removal can be efficiently performed in a high concentration area of the nitrogen oxide.
  • the nitrogen oxide decomposing element of the invention and the nitrogen oxide decomposing apparatus including the same have various uses such as exhaust gas treatment of an automobile, a distributed cogeneration system, and air cleaning of an enclosed space such as a long tunnel or a factory.

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JP2002-308447 2002-10-23
JP2002308447A JP4217457B2 (ja) 2002-10-23 2002-10-23 窒素酸化物分解素子およびこれを備えた窒素酸化物分解装置
PCT/JP2003/012328 WO2004037395A1 (ja) 2002-10-23 2003-09-26 窒素酸化物分解素子およびこれを備えた窒素酸化物分解装置

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US20080038621A1 (en) * 2006-08-10 2008-02-14 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Electrochemical devices
EP2062638A1 (de) * 2007-11-20 2009-05-27 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung
US20090173623A1 (en) * 2007-12-20 2009-07-09 Yoshifumi Kato Exhaust gas treatment device
WO2010065989A1 (en) * 2008-12-08 2010-06-17 University Of South Australia Formation of nanoporous materials
US20100200399A1 (en) * 2009-02-06 2010-08-12 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki Exhaust gas purification system
US20100219068A1 (en) * 2006-03-01 2010-09-02 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Harmful Gas Treatment Apparatus and Water Treatment Apparatus
WO2011131486A1 (de) * 2010-04-23 2011-10-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektrochemischer nh3-scr-reaktor
US20120228126A1 (en) * 2009-11-18 2012-09-13 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Gas decomposition apparatus
US20150345035A1 (en) * 2014-05-30 2015-12-03 General Electric Company Method and apparatus for decomposing nitrogen oxide
US20180230606A1 (en) * 2015-08-18 2018-08-16 Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology Electrolysis apparatus for collecting nitrogen compound using ferric-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid
CN109772165A (zh) * 2018-12-14 2019-05-21 深圳大学 一种尾气净化反应器及其制备方法与尾气净化反应电堆
EP3505730A1 (de) * 2017-12-26 2019-07-03 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Elektrochemischer reaktor

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JP4664189B2 (ja) * 2005-11-09 2011-04-06 三菱電機株式会社 汚染物分解装置
FR2895274B1 (fr) * 2005-12-23 2008-04-04 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Catalyseur pour ligne d'echappement de moteur, dispositif de reduction des emissions polluantes incluant ce catalyseur et utilisations de ce dispositif
JP2007292010A (ja) * 2006-04-27 2007-11-08 Toyota Motor Corp 内燃機関から排気される窒素酸化物を含む排気ガスの浄化
JP2008272210A (ja) * 2007-04-27 2008-11-13 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd 脱臭素子とそれを用いた脱臭方法および調理器具
CN111841277A (zh) * 2020-07-14 2020-10-30 南京工程学院 以水蒸气为反应载体的电化学管式脱硝反应器

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Cited By (18)

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US20100219068A1 (en) * 2006-03-01 2010-09-02 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Harmful Gas Treatment Apparatus and Water Treatment Apparatus
EP1889650A1 (de) * 2006-08-10 2008-02-20 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Elektrochemische Vorrichtungen
US20080038621A1 (en) * 2006-08-10 2008-02-14 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Electrochemical devices
EP2062638A1 (de) * 2007-11-20 2009-05-27 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung
US20090162257A1 (en) * 2007-11-20 2009-06-25 Naotaka Koide Exhaust gas purification apparatus
US20090173623A1 (en) * 2007-12-20 2009-07-09 Yoshifumi Kato Exhaust gas treatment device
WO2010065989A1 (en) * 2008-12-08 2010-06-17 University Of South Australia Formation of nanoporous materials
US20100200399A1 (en) * 2009-02-06 2010-08-12 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki Exhaust gas purification system
EP2223732A1 (de) 2009-02-06 2010-09-01 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki Abgasreinigungssystem
US20120228126A1 (en) * 2009-11-18 2012-09-13 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Gas decomposition apparatus
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WO2011131486A1 (de) * 2010-04-23 2011-10-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektrochemischer nh3-scr-reaktor
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EP1607132A1 (de) 2005-12-21
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