US20040202560A1 - Circuit board adapted to fan and fan structure - Google Patents

Circuit board adapted to fan and fan structure Download PDF

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Publication number
US20040202560A1
US20040202560A1 US10/797,854 US79785404A US2004202560A1 US 20040202560 A1 US20040202560 A1 US 20040202560A1 US 79785404 A US79785404 A US 79785404A US 2004202560 A1 US2004202560 A1 US 2004202560A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
heat
circuit board
protrusion
generating component
fan
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/797,854
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Yu-Liang Lin
Yu-Lung Dung
Yueh-Lung Huang
Chen-Lin Huang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Delta Electronics Inc
Original Assignee
Delta Electronics Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Delta Electronics Inc filed Critical Delta Electronics Inc
Assigned to DELTA ELECTRONICS, INC. reassignment DELTA ELECTRONICS, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DUNG, YU-LUNG, HUANG, CHEN-LIN, HUANG, YUEH-LUNG, LIN, YU-LIANG
Publication of US20040202560A1 publication Critical patent/US20040202560A1/en
Priority to US12/013,228 priority Critical patent/US20080112136A1/en
Priority to US12/712,151 priority patent/US20100150757A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00Printed circuits
    • H05K1/02Details
    • H05K1/0272Adaptations for fluid transport, e.g. channels, holes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B15/00Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts
    • F04B15/06Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts for liquids near their boiling point, e.g. under subnormal pressure
    • F04B15/08Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts for liquids near their boiling point, e.g. under subnormal pressure the liquids having low boiling points
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/06Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • F04D25/0606Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven the electric motor being specially adapted for integration in the pump
    • F04D25/0613Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven the electric motor being specially adapted for integration in the pump the electric motor being of the inside-out type, i.e. the rotor is arranged radially outside a central stator
    • F04D25/0633Details of the magnetic circuit
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/06Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • F04D25/068Mechanical details of the pump control unit
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/58Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
    • F04D29/5813Cooling the control unit
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/58Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
    • F04D29/582Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/5853Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps heat insulation or conduction
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00Printed circuits
    • H05K1/02Details
    • H05K1/0201Thermal arrangements, e.g. for cooling, heating or preventing overheating
    • H05K1/0203Cooling of mounted components
    • H05K1/0209External configuration of printed circuit board adapted for heat dissipation, e.g. lay-out of conductors, coatings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/0001Technical content checked by a classifier
    • H01L2924/0002Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2201/00Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
    • H05K2201/09Shape and layout
    • H05K2201/09009Substrate related
    • H05K2201/09027Non-rectangular flat PCB, e.g. circular
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2201/00Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
    • H05K2201/09Shape and layout
    • H05K2201/09009Substrate related
    • H05K2201/09063Holes or slots in insulating substrate not used for electrical connections
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2201/00Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
    • H05K2201/09Shape and layout
    • H05K2201/09209Shape and layout details of conductors
    • H05K2201/0929Conductive planes
    • H05K2201/09354Ground conductor along edge of main surface
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2201/00Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
    • H05K2201/09Shape and layout
    • H05K2201/09209Shape and layout details of conductors
    • H05K2201/09654Shape and layout details of conductors covering at least two types of conductors provided for in H05K2201/09218 - H05K2201/095
    • H05K2201/09781Dummy conductors, i.e. not used for normal transport of current; Dummy electrodes of components
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2201/00Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
    • H05K2201/10Details of components or other objects attached to or integrated in a printed circuit board
    • H05K2201/10613Details of electrical connections of non-printed components, e.g. special leads
    • H05K2201/10621Components characterised by their electrical contacts
    • H05K2201/10689Leaded Integrated Circuit [IC] package, e.g. dual-in-line [DIL]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circuit board adapted to a fan and a fan structure, and, more particularly, to a circuit board that possesses an enhanced efficiency in heat dissipation and a fan structure provided with the same.
  • a conventional fan is operated by a circuit board to drive a motor for activating a hub and fan blades thereof to generate airflow at a certain speed. Accordingly, the heat generated by a heat-generating device provided with the fan can be dissipated by the airflow.
  • the integrated circuit of the cooling fan used in a notebook computer operates in a single-phase bipolar mode.
  • the current flows directly into the integrated circuit, it always results in considerable heat.
  • the heat cannot be dispersed efficiently, it will accumulate and thus causes problems such as overheating and shutdown of the notebook computer.
  • an object of the invention is to provide a circuit board adapted to a fan for improving the efficiency in heat dissipation and increasing the operable current range of the electronic components mounted thereon.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a fan structure using the aforementioned circuit board for extending the lifetime of a fan.
  • the invention provides a circuit board adapted to a fan comprising a circuit region and a heat-dissipative film.
  • the circuit region is located on one surface of the circuit board and includes a plurality of pads for mounting at least one heat-generating component thereon.
  • the heat-dissipative film is coated on an edge portion of the same surface as the circuit region is located on and is in contact with the heat-generating component.
  • the circuit region is surrounded by the heat-dissipative film, and the heat-dissipative film is formed with a plurality of openings.
  • the heat-dissipative film is a coating film made of heat-conducting material; specifically, the heat-conducting material is selected from the group consisting of copper, aluminum, iron, and an alloy thereof.
  • the circuit board of the invention may further include a heat sink located on a second surface opposite to the aforementioned surface of the circuit board.
  • another circuit region may be provided on the second surface of the circuit board.
  • the heat sink is connected to the heat-dissipative film via the openings.
  • the heat sink is formed by coating a heat-conducting material on an edge portion of the second surface; specifically, the heat-conducting material is selected from the group consisting of copper, aluminum, iron, and an alloy thereof.
  • the circuit board may be provided with a protrusion on which the heat-generating component and/or the heat-dissipative film may be formed.
  • the protrusion may have a cutout which extends over the length of the heat-generating component.
  • the invention also provides a fan structure that includes a hub, a motor located inside the hub, a plurality of fan blades connected to the hub, and a circuit board connected to the motor.
  • the fan structure is characterized by the circuit board, which comprises a circuit region and a heat-dissipative film.
  • the circuit region is located on one surface of the circuit board and has at least one heat-generating component mounted thereon.
  • the heat-dissipative film is coated on an edge portion of the same surface as the circuit region located on and is in contact with the heat-generating component.
  • the circuit board of the invention is provided with the heat-dissipative film and optionally the heat sink, thus the heat generated by the heat-generating component can be readily dissipated by the heat-dissipative film or the heat sink, so that it is possible to dramatically enhance the efficiency in heat dissipation.
  • the heat-dissipative film and/or the heat sink may extend outside the circumference of the hub, thus the heat dissipated from the heat-dissipative film and/or the heat sink can be further dispersed by an airflow generated by the fan. Therefore, it is possible not only for the circuit board to have an enhanced efficiency in heat dissipation and therefore an increased operable current range of the electronic components mounted thereon, but also for the fan provided with the same to have a prolonged lifetime.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit board according to the first embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the fan provided with the circuit board of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit board according to the second embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram showing the heat sink linked with the circuit board of the invention.
  • FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A′ of FIG. 4A.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit board according to the third embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit board according to the fourth embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit board according to the fifth embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit board according to the first embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a fan provided with the circuit board.
  • a fan structure 200 of the invention includes a hub 202 , a motor (not shown) located inside the hub 202 , a plurality of fan blades 204 connected to the hub 202 , and a circuit board 100 connected to the motor.
  • the hub 202 is coupled to the motor so as to rotate synchronously with the motor and drive the fan blades 204 to rotate accordingly.
  • the fan blades 204 rotate, an airflow flowing through the fan structure 200 is generated.
  • the circuit board 100 comprises a circuit region 102 and a heat-dissipative film 106 , wherein the heat-dissipative film 106 is located on the edge of the circuit board 100 .
  • the circuit region 102 includes circuits, semiconductor devices, integrated circuits and related components for driving the motor connected to the circuit board. Some of the components, such as the integrated circuit and semiconductor devices, can be grouped into a heat-generating component 104 .
  • the heat-dissipative film 106 is in contact with the heat-generating component 104 for dissipating the heat generated by the heat-generating component 104 . Moreover, the heat of the heat-dissipative film 106 can be readily dispersed by means of airflow generated in the fan structure 200 .
  • the heat-dissipative film 106 for example, is a coating film made of heat-conducting material, wherein the heat-conducting material is selected from the group consisting of copper, aluminum, iron, and an alloy thereof.
  • the heat-dissipative film 106 is provided to surround the circuit region 102 .
  • the heat-dissipative film 106 can also be located on any region of the circuit board 100 other than on the circuit region 102 .
  • the heat-dissipative film 106 may extend outside the circumference of the hub 202 as shown in FIG. 2, or may be limited to inside the circumference of the hub 202 .
  • the heat-dissipative film 106 extends outside the circumference of the hub 202 so that the heat-dissipative film 106 is located in the air passage of the fan structure 200 , the airflow passing by the heat-dissipative film 106 can readily disperse the heat dissipated from the heat-dissipative film 106 . Therefore, it is possible not only for the circuit board 100 to have an enhanced efficiency in heat dissipation and therefore an increased operable current range of the electronic components mounted thereon, but also for the fan structure 200 provided with the circuit board 100 to have a prolonged lifetime.
  • the heat-dissipative film 106 of a circuit board 300 is formed with a plurality of openings 108 .
  • the openings 108 are symmetrically arranged.
  • the openings 108 of the heat-dissipative film 106 are formed in order to serve as a portion of the air passage in the operating fan structure 200 , thus the heat dissipated from the heat-dissipative film 106 can be readily dispersed by the airflow passing through the openings 108 . Therefore, it is possible not only for the circuit board 300 to have an enhanced efficiency in heat dissipation and therefore an increased operable current range of the electronic components mounted thereon, but also for the fan structure 200 provided with the circuit board 300 to have a prolonged lifetime.
  • a heat sink (not shown) is further formed on the surface opposite to the surface of the circuit board 100 provided with the heat-dissipative film 106 .
  • the heat sink is connected to the heat-dissipative film 106 via a plurality of protruding portions of the heat sink, wherein the airflow passing through a plurality of through holes or the openings 108 thereof as shown in FIG. 3, so that the total area for heat dissipation of the heat-dissipative film 106 can be increased.
  • the heat sink for example, can be a sheet or a coating film made of heat-conducting material, which is selected from the group consisting of copper, aluminum, iron, and an alloy thereof.
  • various shapes of the heat sink may be chosen to meet the actual requirements, such as a shape corresponding to the outline of the circuit board 100 or any other shapes.
  • the heat sink can be located at any region of the circuit board 100 other than the circuit region.
  • the heat sink 302 is engaged with the circuit board 300 by sheet-metal working and connected with the heat-dissipative film 106 .
  • a fastening portion 304 is formed on the heat sink 302 , and then the heat sink 302 is directly engaged with the circuit board 300 via clamping or fastening and then connected to the heat-dissipative film 106 through the fastening portion 304 .
  • the circuit board 400 is provided with a protrusion 110 , wherein a heat-generating component 104 is located on the protrusion 110 .
  • a heat-generating component 104 is located on the protrusion 110 .
  • either only the protrusion 110 of the circuit board 400 extends outside the circumference of the hub 202 or both of the protrusion 110 and the heat-dissipative film 106 extend outside the circumference of the hub 202 .
  • the protrusion 110 is located directly in the air passage of the fan structure 200 , it is possible to dissipate the heat generated by the heat-generating component 104 by the airflow passing past the protrusion 110 . Therefore, it is possible not only for the circuit board 400 to have an enhanced efficiency in heat dissipation and therefore an increased operable current range of the electronic components mounted thereon, but also for the fan structure 200 provided with the circuit board 400 to have a prolonged lifetime.
  • the heat-dissipative film 112 on the circuit board 500 is formed on the protrusion 110 as shown in FIG. 6, or the heat-generating component 104 is mounted on the protrusion 110 of the circuit board 500 alone.
  • the heat generated by the heat-generating component 104 can still be dispersed by the air flowing past the protrusion 110 . Therefore, it is possible not only for the circuit board 500 to have an enhanced efficiency in heat dissipation and therefore an increased operable current range of the electronic components mounted thereon, but also for the fan structure 200 provided with the circuit board 500 to have a prolonged lifetime.
  • a cutout 114 is formed through the protrusion 110 of a circuit board 600 as shown in FIG. 7 to extend over the length of the heat-generating component 104 .
  • a portion of the heat-generating component 104 is exposed to the air passage via the cutout 114 . Therefore, according to this embodiment, the heat-generating component 104 is almost entirely exposed to the air passage, thus the heat-generating component 104 has a greater contact area with the airflow.
  • the heat generated by the heat-generating component 104 is readily dispersed by the air flowing past the protrusion 110 . Therefore, it is possible not only for the circuit board 600 to have an enhanced efficiency in heat dissipation and therefore an increased operable current range of the electronic components mounted thereon, but also for the fan structure 200 provided with the circuit board 600 to have a prolonged lifetime.
  • the circuit board of the invention is provided with a heat-dissipative film and/or a heat sink and thus the heat generated by the heat-generating component can be readily dispersed. Therefore, the efficiency in heat dissipation of the circuit board can be greatly enhanced.
  • the heat-dissipative film may extend outside the circumference of the hub, thus the heat generated by the heat-generating component and dissipated to the heat-dissipative film and/or the heat sink can be readily dispersed by the airflow. Therefore, not only is the efficiency in heat dissipation and therefore the operable current range of the electronic components mounted thereon enhanced, but also the fan structure provided with the circuit board will have a prolonged lifetime.
  • the heat generated by the operating fan can be readily dispersed because the heat-generating component is exposed to the airflow. Therefore, not only is the efficiency in heat dissipation and therefore the operable current range of the electronic components mounted thereon enhanced, but also the fan structure provided with the circuit board will have a prolonged lifetime.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
  • Structure Of Printed Boards (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
US10/797,854 2003-04-11 2004-03-10 Circuit board adapted to fan and fan structure Abandoned US20040202560A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/013,228 US20080112136A1 (en) 2003-04-11 2008-01-11 Circuit board adapted to fan and fan structure
US12/712,151 US20100150757A1 (en) 2003-04-11 2010-02-24 Circuit board adapted to fan and fan structure

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
TW92205657 2003-04-11
TW092205657U TW566828U (en) 2003-04-11 2003-04-11 Fan circuit board and fan structure with fan circuit board

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/013,228 Division US20080112136A1 (en) 2003-04-11 2008-01-11 Circuit board adapted to fan and fan structure
US12/712,151 Continuation US20100150757A1 (en) 2003-04-11 2010-02-24 Circuit board adapted to fan and fan structure

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20040202560A1 true US20040202560A1 (en) 2004-10-14

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Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/797,854 Abandoned US20040202560A1 (en) 2003-04-11 2004-03-10 Circuit board adapted to fan and fan structure
US12/013,228 Abandoned US20080112136A1 (en) 2003-04-11 2008-01-11 Circuit board adapted to fan and fan structure
US12/712,151 Abandoned US20100150757A1 (en) 2003-04-11 2010-02-24 Circuit board adapted to fan and fan structure

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/013,228 Abandoned US20080112136A1 (en) 2003-04-11 2008-01-11 Circuit board adapted to fan and fan structure
US12/712,151 Abandoned US20100150757A1 (en) 2003-04-11 2010-02-24 Circuit board adapted to fan and fan structure

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (3) US20040202560A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP4255326B2 (zh)
TW (1) TW566828U (zh)

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US20070217149A1 (en) * 2006-03-14 2007-09-20 Sunonwealth Electric Machine Industry Co., Ltd. Heat-dissipating fan
US20110146966A1 (en) * 2009-12-23 2011-06-23 Micronel Ag Cooling Device
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US20140192484A1 (en) * 2013-01-04 2014-07-10 Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Fan controlling system and electronic device using same
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JP2013089313A (ja) * 2011-10-13 2013-05-13 Tyco Electronics Japan Kk コネクタ
CN104632717B (zh) * 2013-11-12 2017-04-12 巨铠实业股份有限公司 吊扇控制器置放盒的散热结构
WO2020061920A1 (zh) * 2018-09-27 2020-04-02 西门子(中国)有限公司 电路板散热系统、电路板以及机器人关节

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US7903406B2 (en) * 2005-07-11 2011-03-08 Nidec Corporation Centrifugal fan
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CN102467200A (zh) * 2010-11-12 2012-05-23 英业达股份有限公司 服务器机柜
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US10428817B2 (en) 2016-03-18 2019-10-01 Signify Holding B.V. Cooling arrangement for cooling an apparatus

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US20080112136A1 (en) 2008-05-15
TW566828U (en) 2003-12-11
JP2004319949A (ja) 2004-11-11
US20100150757A1 (en) 2010-06-17
JP4255326B2 (ja) 2009-04-15

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