Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K8/73—Polysaccharides
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
  • A61Q5/06—Preparations for styling the hair, e.g. by temporary shaping or colouring

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the use of xanthan gum, particularly heat treated xanthan gum, as a fixative in hair cosmetic compositions and hair fixative compositions comprising xanthan gum.
• Xanthan gum is a polysaccharide gum derived from the bacterium Xanthomonas and is well known in the art. It is composed of a main chain comprising ⁇ -(1,4) D-glucose units. Trisaccharide side chains on alternating anhydroglucose units are composed of a glucuronic acid residue between two mannose units. At most of the terminal mannose units is a pyruvate moiety and the non-terminal mannose carries an acetyl group. It has pseudoplastic or shear-thinning behavior characterized by a decrease in apparent viscosity in response to an increase in shear rate.
• Xanthan gum is typically used in many industrial applications as a rheology modifier; thickening, viscosifying and gelling when combined with other polymers. It has also been used to impart stability to emulsions and prevent the settling out of solids. Its limited ability to disperse in either hot or cold water allows xanthan gum to be formulated into a broad variety of applications including pharmaceuticals, household products, foods, and personal care products.
• Xanthan gum with an apparent average molecular weight of greater than 16,000,000 has been used to stabilize and improve the feel of emulsified cosmetics such as toilet water, creams and cleansing gels (JP Application No. 10-140503).
• Xanthan gum which has been heat-treated is also known in the art.
• EP 321 216 enhances the viscosity profile of xanthan gum by thermally treating it in the dry state (15% moisture or less).
• Heat treatment of xanthan gum is also known in JP Application No. 8-193055 which heat treats xanthan gum in the powdered form.
• xanthan gum particularly heat treated xanthan gum, is a suitable fixative for hair cosmetic compositions.
• the present invention is directed to the use of xanthan gum, particularly heat treated xanthan gum, as a fixative in hair cosmetic compositions.
• Xanthan gum is advantageous in that it may be used with other hair fixatives and provides rheology modifying and other properties including excellent stiffness, gloss, dry comb, wet comb, non-flake, anti-static, feel and high humidity curl retention.
• the present invention is directed to the use of xanthan gum, particularly heat treated xanthan gum, as a fixative in hair cosmetic compositions.
• the xanthan gum may be used in a purified form or may be heat treated. Heat treatment of xanthan gum is typically done at low moisture, particularly less than about 25%, more particularly less than about 8%, most particularly less than about 1%, at a temperature of at least about 60° C., more particularly at least 100° C., and most particularly at least about 105° C. for a period of time of about 30 minutes, particularly at least one hour, more particularly at least 2.5 hours.
• the moisture content, pH, temperature and time of heat treatment may be adjusted by one skilled in the art to achieve the viscosity, dispersibility, gel texture, solution clarity, and other properties desired. It will further be dependent upon the starting material used (grade, viscosity, molecular weight, and particle size). Typically, low moisture is used to improve the impact of heat-treatment. However, at any given moisture, increasing the temperature or time generally increases viscosity to a maximum and further heating decreases the viscosity of the xanthan gum at the concentrations used in this invention. Acidic pH are typically more suitable; a pH of 2-4 is most suitable.
• Heat treatment of xanthan gum may be accomplished by a variety of methods known in the art including without limitation oven, fluidized bed, infrared and microwave heat treatments.
• the particle size of the resultant heat-treated xanthan gum may be adjusted using methods known in the art such as milling.
• the xanthan gum may further be modified either before or after heat treatment.
• the xanthan gum may be converted by oxidation, enzyme conversion, acid hydrolysis, heat and/or acid dextrinization, or shear.
• the xanthan gum may also be chemically, enzymatically or physically modified. Suitable chemical derivatives include esters, such as the acetate, and half esters, such as the succinate, octenyl succinate and tetradecenyl succinate; phosphate derivatives; ethers such as hydroxyalkyl ethers and cationic ethers; or any other derivatives or combinations thereof. Modification may also be by chemical crosslinking.
• Crosslinking agents suitable for use herein include phosphorus oxychloride, epichlorohydrin, sodium trimetaphosphate and adipic-acetic mixed acid anyhrides. Such processes are also known in the art. Typically, the xanthan gum will not be modified other than by crosslinking or heat treatment.
• the xanthan gum may also be purified by any method known in the art to remove off flavors and colors that are native to the xanthan gum or are created during the modification or heat treatment processes as long as the heat treatment is not substantially impacted.
• the resultant heat-treated xanthan gum has improved dispersibility, such that under given conditions of temperature and agitation, the time to fully disperse the resultant gum is typically reduced by 25%, more particularly 50%, most particularly 70% compared to non-heat treated xanthan.
• Xanthan gum native or heat treated, provides fixative properties to hair cosmetic compositions including hair sprays, gels including spray gels, styling lotions, creams, pomades, and mousses.
• the use of xanthan gum imparts not only stiffness, but is also highly suitable for retention of curls under high humidity conditions.
• High humidity conditions as used herein, is intended to mean at 22° C. and 90% relative humidity.
• Xanthan gum is particularly suitable for gels as it provides clear to translucent clarity and is easy to use as it is dispersible in either hot or cold water and needs no neutralization. Xanthan gum also exhibits tolerance to salt and extreme pH, particularly in the range of about 2 to about 12. Finally, it is biodegradable and may be labeled as natural.
• the heat modification of xanthan gum improves the ease of use, including the ease of dispersing in solution with less tendency to form fish eyes. Heat modification also may be used to improve thickening efficiency and gel texture, reducing the stringiness or pituitousness of the long texture. In addition, heat treatment of xanthan increases its viscosity throughout the pH and salt ranges typically used in hair cosmetic compositions. Unlike Carbomer, xanthan gum is compatible with anionic, cationic or nonionic polymers, allowing it to be formulated with a variety of commonly used hair cosmetic additives.
• xanthan gum alone provides fixative properties, it may be used in combination with other fixatives, including without limitation polyoxythylenated vinyl acetate/crotonic acid copolymers, vinyl acetate crotonic acid (90/10) copolymers, vinyl acetate/crotonic acid/vinyl neodecanoate terpolymers, N-octylacrylamide/methylacrylate/hydroxypropyl methacrylate/acrylic acid/tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymers, and methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride (50/50) copolymers monoesterified with butanol or ethanol, acrylic acid/ethyl acrylate/N-tert-butyl-acrylamide terpolymers, and poly (methacrylic acid/acrylamidomethyl propane sulfonic acid), acrylates copolymer, octylacrylamide/acrylates/butylaminoethyl me
• Optional conventional additives may also be incorporated into the hair compositions of this invention to provide certain modifying properties to the composition. Included among these additives are silicones and silicone derivatives; humectants; moisturizers; plasticizers, such as glycerine, glycol and phthalate esters and ethers; emollients, lubricants and penetrants, such as lanolin compounds; fragrances and perfumes; UV absorbers; dyes, pigments and other colorants; anticorrosion agents; antioxidants; detackifying agents; combing aids and conditioning agents; antistatic agents; neutralizers; glossifiers; preservatives; proteins, protein derivatives and amino acids; vitamins; emulsifiers; surfactants; viscosity modifiers, thickeners and rheology modifiers; gelling agents; opacifiers; stabilizers; sequestering agents; chelating agents; pearling agents; aesthetic enhancers; fatty acids, fatty alcohols and triglycerides;
• Such additives are commonly used in hair cosmetic compositions known heretofore. These additives are present in small, effective amounts to accomplish their function, and generally will comprise from about 0.01 to 10% by weight each, and from about 0.01 to 20% by weight total, based on the weight of the composition.
• Aesthetic enhancers is intended to include without limitation aluminum starch octenyl succinate, corn starch modified, aluminum starch octenylsuccinate (and) lauroyl lysine, and aluminum starch octenylsuccinate (and) boron nitride.
• Thickeners and rheology modifiers is intended to include without limitation acrylates/steareth-20 itaconate copolymer, acrylates/ceteth-20 itaconate copolymer, potato starch modified, hydroxypropyl starch phosphate, acrylates/aminoacrylates/C10-30 alkyl PEG-20 itaconate copolymer, carbomer, acrylates/C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylamide (and) C13-14 isoparaffin (and) laureth-7, acrylamides copolymer (and) mineral oil (and) C13-14 isoparaffin (and) polysorbate 85, hydroxyethylacrylate/sodium acrylol dimethyltaurate copolymer, and hydroxyethylacrylate/sodium acrylol dimethyltaurate copolymer.
• Xanthan gum may be formulated into hair cosmetic compositions at any level which provides the desired properties.
• native xanthan gum will be used in an amount of at least about 0.01%, particularly at least about 0.2%, more particularly at least about 1.0% and less than about 20%, particularly less than about 10%, more particularly less than about about 3%.
• heat treated xanthan gum will be used in an amount of at least about 0.01%, particularly at least about 0.5%, more particularly at least about 0.75% and less than about 20%, particularly less than about 2%, more particularly less than about 1.5%.
• the amount used will depend not only upon the properties desired, but also upon the heat treatment levels and other additives. For example, the same amount of fixative property may be achieved by using less xanthan gum and adding another commonly used hair fixative polymer.
• the hair cosmetic composition may be prepared by dispersing xanthan gum in water and then mixing in the remaining hair cosmetic components such as any fixative polymers, conditioning polymers or other additives as desired.
• the delivery system in most cases will be water. However, it is possible to use a solvent. In general, the amount of solvent will be small to achieve a VOC (volatile organic compounds) content of no more than 55%.
• the solvent will be a lower (C 1-4 ) alcohol, particularly methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, or butanol, though any solvent known in the art may be used.
• VOC will also include any optional propellant(s).
• the hair cosmetic composition may be formulated with xanthan gum to achieve the desired properties.
• the amount of xanthan gum may be adjusted to achieve the desired stiffness and curl retention.
• a hair gel will have a viscosity of at least about 5,000 cps, more particularly at least about 6,000 cps and most particularly at least about 8,000 cps, a high humidity curl retention for 2 hours of at least about 70%, more particularly at least about 80% and most particularly about 90%, and turbidity of no greater than 100 NTU, particularly no greater than 50 NTU, most particularly no greater than 30 NTU.
• Formula 1 Formula 2 Ingredients % w/w % w/w Part A Acrylates Copolymer 1 (50%) 8.0 8.0.
• Deionized Water 40.0 40.0 Aminomethyl Propanol 2 0.56 0.56
• Xanthan gum 3 1.0 — Heat-treated Xanthan gum 4 — 1.0 Deionized Water q.s. q.s. Preservative q.s. q.s.
• Part C Keratin Protein 0.2 0.2 Propylene Glycol 2.0 2.0 Polysorbate 20 5 0.5 0.5 Fragrance 0.1 0.1 100 100
• part A The ingredients in part A were combined and mixed until clear.
• xanthan or heat-treated xanthan gum was dispersed into water with moderate mixing (for formula 1, mix for 30 minutes at 700 rpm, and for formula 2, mix for 10 minutes at 700 rpm to achieve uniform part B).
• Parts A and B were combined while stirring moderately and then part C was added.
• both the xanthan and heat-treated xanthan gum were cold water dispersible. However, the heat-treated xanthan gum was easier to disperse than the native xanthan gum. In addition, no neutralization was needed with the use of xanthan gum.
• Formula 1 produced a clear, colorless viscous liquid (Brookfield viscosity: 3200 cps with sprindle#4@20 rpm).
• Formula 2 produced a clear, colorless gel (Brookfield viscosity: 8200 cps with sprindle#4@20 rpm).
• Formula 2 had much higher viscosity than formula 1, which demonstrated that the heat-treated xanthan gum provides better thickening efficiency.
• Formula 2 was also much more gel-like, or with shorter and less stringy gel texture compared to formula 1. Both formulas had very good clarity.
• Formula 3 Formula 4 Formula 5 Formula 6
• Ingredients % w/w % w/w % w/w % w/w % w/w % w/w Part A Acrylates Copolymer 1 (50%) 8.0 — — — — — Octylacrylamide/Acrylates/ — 4.0 — — — Butylaminoethyl Methacrylate Copolymer 2 Acrylates/Octylacrylamide — — 4.0 — — Copolymer 3 Octylacrylamide/Acrylates/ — — — 4.0 — Butylaminoethyl Methacrylate Copolymer 4 PVP 5 — — — — — 4.0 Deionized Water 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 Aminomethyl Propanol 6 0.56 0.94 1.13 0.77 — Part B Heat-treated Xanthan gum 7 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 — Carbomer 8
• Formulas 3-6 produced clear to translucent hair gels with viscosity >7000 cps (Brookfield viscosity spindle #4@20 rpm).
• formula 7 is a basic formula for the most commonly used commercial hair styling gel. This example shows the compatibility of various anionic fixative polymers with heat-treated xanthan gum.
• Formula Formula Formula Formula 8 9 10 11 Ingredients % w/w % w/w % w/w % w/w % w/w Part A Acrylates Copolymer 1 (50%) 8.0 — — — Octylacrylamide/Acrylates/ — 4.0 — — Butylaminoethyl Methacrylate Copolymer 2 Acrylates/Octylacrylamide — — 4.0 — Copolymer 3 Octylacrylamide/Acrylates/ — — — 4.0 Butylaminoethyl Methacrylate Copolymer 4 Deionized Water 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 Aminomethyl Propanol 5 0.56 0.94 1.13 0.77 Part B Carbomer 6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Aminomethyl Propanol 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 Deionized Water q.s. q.s. q.s. Preservative q.s. q.s
• Formulas 8-11 resulted in cloudy liquid mixtures with low viscosity. This demonstrates the incompatibility of various anionic fixative polymers with Carbomer.
• Formula Formula Formula Formula 12 13 14 15 Ingredients % w/w % w/w % w/w % w/w % w/w Xanthan gum 2.0 — — — Heat-treated — 1.0 2.0 0.85 Xanthan gum Deionized Water q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. Preservative q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s.s. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
• Formulas 12-15 show that hair styling gels can simply contain xanthan gum or heat-treated xanthan gum at desired levels, as well as water and preservatives. Due to the improvement in solution rheology, heat-treated xanthan gum may be used at much lower level than untreated xanthan gum and produce more gel-like product.
• Formula 21 Formula 22
• Ingredients % w/w % w/w % w/w Part A Acrylates Copolymer 1 (50%) 8.0 4.0 8.0 Aminomethyl Propanol 0.56 0.28 0.56 Deionized Water 40.0 40.0 40.0 Part B
• Heat-treated Xanthan gum 2 1.0 1.0 — Xanthan gum 3 — — 1.0 Deionized Water q.s. q.s. q.s Preservative q.s. q.s. q.s. 100 100 100 100 100
• Formulas 26-30 show hair gels using xanthan gum samples that are heat-treated under different conditions.
• Formula 31 Formula 32
• Formula 33 Formula 34
• Formula 36 Formula 37 Ingredients % w/w % w/w Part A Polyquaternium-4 1 0.15 — Polyquaternium-10 2 — 0.15 Deionized Water 40.0 40.0 Part B Heat-treated Xanthan gum 3 1.0 1.0 Deionized Water q.s. q.s. Preservative q.s. q.s. 100 100
• Formulas 38-41 demonstrate that hair gels can be made by combining xanthan or heat-treated xanthan gum with other rheology modifiers/thickeners, such as Gellan gum or carbomer.
• the curl retention properties of the hair styling compositions of the present invention were measured and compared to those of three leading commercial hair styling gel compositions with “ultimate” hair holding power. It is known to one skilled in the art that curl retention correlates directly to hair style retention, or hold, which is one of the most important performance attribute for a hair styling product.
• the test was conducted at 72° F. (22° C.) and 90% Relative Humidity over a period of 2 hours. The procedure allows for statistical analysis of formulation variables.
• Test 1 Subjective evaluation of hair styling compositions containing heat-treated xanthan gum compositions containing PVP and carbomer.
• European dark brown hair tresses panelists (10′′long, 2 grams weight) with 0.5 grams of the hair styling composition were each rated by eight panelists by giving the samples a score of 1 (worst) to 5 (best) for a variety of properties.
• the performance attributes tested included stiffness, wet feel, wet comb, dry gloss, dry feel, dry comb, dry flake, and anti-static. Stiffness is used to describe the hardness of hair body, which is also a measure of the amount of hold produced by hair styling compositions. This and similar types of sensory tests are well known by those in the art for the performance assessment of personal care and cosmetic products. A summary of the test results is shown in Table 2.
• the overall performance of the hair compositions containing heat-treated xanthan gum was better or comparable to a PVP/carbomer hair gel in stiffness, gloss, dry comb, wet comb, flake, anti-static, and feel. All of the heat-treated xanthan gum containing gels provided better stiffness than the PVP/carbomer gel with the same amount of additional fixative polymers. Formula 1 also provided improved wet feel, wet comb, dry feel, and dry comb comparing to the PVP/carbomer gel.
• Rank sums that differed by more than the least significant difference indicates samples which differed by more than 90% of what we would expect from guessing or random stimuli alone.
• the hair tress preparation procedure was the same with that used in subjective Test 1.
• a summary of the test results is shown in Table 3.
• the higher rank run value indicates better performance on each attribute.
• the differences in rank sum that were less than LSD (3.5) are considered as no significant difference at 90% confidence level.
• This ranking test was designed for showing trends or patterns among the samples, but not particularly for the comparison of samples in pairs. Compared to the leading commercial gels, hair compositions containing xanthan gum, particularly heat-treated xanthan gum showed equivalent or better stiffness, gloss, and flake attributes.
• a Rheometrics DSR SR-200 controlled stress rheometer was used for all measurements.
• the crossover strain was obtained from an oscillatory shear stress sweep run at a frequency of 1 rad/s, from a stress of 2 to 1000 Pa at 25C.
• the crossover strain was typically low for materials with short texture and high for materials with long, cohesive, or stringy textures.
• the crossover strain data for selected hair gels is in Table 4.
• the shortness of a leading commercial hair gel containing Carbomer and PVP was also measured as a comparison. Good agreement between the crossover strain data and subjective assessment of the gel texture has been found.
• Table 4 the shortness of xanthan gel depended on the degree of heat treatment. The untreated xanthan gum gave more stringy and longer gel texture. The higher treatment temperature and/or longer treatment time tended to give shorter, less stringy gel texture. When appropriate heat treatment conditions were selected, one obtained significantly improved shorter gel texture, which was close to the most commonly used Carbomer gel (a polyacrylic acid thickener).
• the clarity of hair gels were measured by using Hach Laboratory Turbidimeter (Model 2100N).
• the instrument is designed for measurement of turbidity from 0 to 4000NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units) with automatic range selection and decimal point placement. Low turbidity reading represents high clarity.
• the turbidity values of clear to translucent hair gels containing xanthan gum and heat-treated xanthan gum are listed in Table 5.
• the turbidity values of three clear commercial hair gels are also listed as a reference.

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