US20020164446A1 - Pressure sensitive adhesives with a fibrous reinforcing material - Google Patents
Pressure sensitive adhesives with a fibrous reinforcing material Download PDFInfo
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- US20020164446A1 US20020164446A1 US09/764,478 US76447801A US2002164446A1 US 20020164446 A1 US20020164446 A1 US 20020164446A1 US 76447801 A US76447801 A US 76447801A US 2002164446 A1 US2002164446 A1 US 2002164446A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- adhesive composition
- pressure sensitive
- reinforcing material
- adhesive
- sensitive adhesive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
- C09J11/08—Macromolecular additives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L15/58—Adhesives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J133/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C09J133/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/10—Adhesives in the form of films or foils without carriers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/30—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by the adhesive composition
- C09J7/38—Pressure-sensitive adhesives [PSA]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/14—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing polymeric additives characterised by shape
- C08L2205/16—Fibres; Fibrils
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2666/00—Composition of polymers characterized by a further compound in the blend, being organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials, non-macromolecular organic substances, inorganic substances or characterized by their function in the composition
- C08L2666/02—Organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J2301/30—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the chemical, physicochemical or physical properties of the adhesive or the carrier
- C09J2301/302—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the chemical, physicochemical or physical properties of the adhesive or the carrier the adhesive being pressure-sensitive, i.e. tacky at temperatures inferior to 30°C
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J2301/30—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the chemical, physicochemical or physical properties of the adhesive or the carrier
- C09J2301/308—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the chemical, physicochemical or physical properties of the adhesive or the carrier the adhesive tape or sheet losing adhesive strength when being stretched, e.g. stretch adhesive
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2433/00—Presence of (meth)acrylic polymer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/14—Layer or component removable to expose adhesive
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/14—Layer or component removable to expose adhesive
- Y10T428/1405—Capsule or particulate matter containing [e.g., sphere, flake, microballoon, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/14—Layer or component removable to expose adhesive
- Y10T428/1452—Polymer derived only from ethylenically unsaturated monomer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/14—Layer or component removable to expose adhesive
- Y10T428/1462—Polymer derived from material having at least one acrylic or alkacrylic group or the nitrile or amide derivative thereof [e.g., acrylamide, acrylate ester, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/14—Layer or component removable to expose adhesive
- Y10T428/1481—Dissimilar adhesives
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/14—Layer or component removable to expose adhesive
- Y10T428/1486—Ornamental, decorative, pattern, or indicia
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/28—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and having an adhesive outermost layer
Definitions
- the present invention relates to pressure sensitive adhesive compositions.
- the invention discloses fiber reinforced pressure sensitive adhesives and methods for their preparation and use.
- Pressure sensitive adhesives are generally characterized by their properties. Pressure sensitive adhesives are well known to one of ordinary skill in the art to possess properties including the following: (1) aggressive and permanent tack, (2) adherence to a substrate with no more than finger pressure, (3) sufficient ability to hold onto an adherend, and (4) sufficient cohesive strength to be removed cleanly from the adherend. Many pressure sensitive adhesives must satisfy these properties under an array of different stress rate conditions. Additives may be included in the pressure sensitive adhesive to optimize the characteristics of the pressure sensitive adhesive.
- the additive improves the cohesive strength of the pressure sensitive adhesives, yet the tack is reduced.
- a non-tacky additive may be mixed with a pressure sensitive adhesive, reducing the tack of the mixture (as compared to the tack of the pressure sensitive adhesive without the additive).
- thermoplastic polymers have been added to styrene block copolymer adhesives to reduce the tack of the resulting pressure sensitive adhesives.
- care must be taken in choosing an additive.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,063,838 discloses a pressure sensitive adhesive comprising a blend of at least two components, wherein the first component is at least one pressure sensitive adhesive and the second component is at least one thermoplastic material, wherein the components form a blended composition having more than one domain and, wherein one domain is substantially continuous (generally, the pressure sensitive adhesive) and the other domain is substantially fibrinous to schistose (generally, the thermoplastic material).
- 6,063,838 patent provide adhesives having one or more of the following properties including: (1) a peel adhesion greater than and shear strength similar to that of the pressure sensitive adhesive component if used alone, (2) a shear strength greater than and peel adhesion similar to that of the pressure sensitive adhesive component if used alone, (3) an anisotropic peel adhesion, (4) an anisotropic shear strength, (5) a tensile stress in the down-web direction that is at least two times greater than the tensile stress in the cross-web direction for all elongations up to the break elongation, and (6) a resistance to impact shear that is at least two times greater than that of the pressure sensitive adhesive component if used alone.
- an adhesive composition that has improved cohesive strength without losing the tackiness indicative of a pressure sensitive adhesive.
- a stretch removable adhesive composition is desirable.
- This invention is directed to a fiber reinforced adhesive composition
- a fiber reinforced adhesive composition comprising a pressure sensitive adhesive matrix and a fibrous reinforcing material within the pressure sensitive adhesive matrix.
- the fiber reinforced adhesive composition of the invention allows for an improved cohesive strength over the pressure sensitive adhesive alone, yet the tack of the pressure sensitive adhesive remains substantially unreduced.
- the adhesive composition has a yield strength and a tensile strength.
- the tensile strength is about 0.7 MPa or greater.
- the tensile strength is at least about 150% of the yield strength when tested according to ASTM D 882-97 at a crosshead speed of 12 inches/minute (30 centimeters/minute).
- the adhesive composition exhibits at least 50% elongation when measured according to ASTM D 882-97 at a crosshead speed of 12 inches/minute (30 centimeters/minute).
- the fibrous reinforcing material comprises substantially continuous fibers within the pressure sensitive adhesive matrix. Additionally, in preferred embodiments, the fiber reinforced adhesive composition will display stretch removable characteristics and easy removal from a substrate.
- the invention is directed to a method for making a fiber reinforced adhesive.
- the method comprises forming a mixture comprising a pressure sensitive adhesive with a reinforcing material capable of forming fibers when subjected to an elongating shear force, and subjecting the mixture to the elongating shear force.
- “Stretch removable” means that a pressure sensitive adhesive, when pulled and elongated (preferably from a substrate surface at a rate of 30 centimeters/minute and at an angle of no greater than 45°), detaches from a substrate surface without significant damage to the substrate surface (e.g. tearing), and without leaving a significant residue, preferably that which is visible to the unaided human eye on the substrate.
- substantially continuous means that for an at least 0.5 centimeter length sample of the adhesive composition taken in the machine direction, at least 50% of the fibers present in the sample are continuous (i.e. unbroken).
- Tensile strength is the maximum tensile strength at break when tested according to ASTM D 882-97 at a crosshead speed of 12 inches/minute (30 centimeters/minute).
- the present invention is directed to a fiber reinforced adhesive composition comprising a pressure sensitive adhesive matrix and a reinforcing material within the pressure sensitive adhesive matrix.
- the fiber reinforced adhesive composition of the present invention has improved cohesive strength, as represented by a higher tensile strength of the fiber reinforced adhesive composition as compared to the pressure sensitive adhesive without the reinforcing material. Additionally, in a preferred embodiment, the adhesive composition is stretch removable.
- the adhesive composition of the invention has these properties while maintaining substantially unreduced tack properties in many embodiments.
- the adhesive composition has a yield strength.
- the yield strength is no less than about 0.1 MPa when measured according to ASTM D 882-97 at a crosshead speed of 12 inches/minute (30 centimeters/minute).
- the yield strength is no less than about 0.2 MPa when measured according to ASTM D 882-97 at a crosshead speed of 12 inches/minute (30 centimeters/minute).
- the adhesive composition has a tensile strength of at least about 150% of the yield strength when measured according to ASTM D 882-97 at a crosshead speed of 12 inches/minute (30 centimeters/minute). In certain embodiments, the tensile strength is about 0.7 MPa or greater when measured according to ASTM D 882-97 at a crosshead speed of 12 inches/minute (30 centimeters/minute). In specific embodiments, the tensile strength is about 0.8 MPa or greater when measured according to ASTM D 882-97 at a crosshead speed of 12 inches/minute (30 centimeters/minute).
- the adhesive composition may have a tensile strength of at least about two times greater than the tensile strength of the pressure sensitive adhesive alone when measured according to ASTM D 882-97 at a crosshead speed of 12 inches/minute (30 centimeters/minute).
- the elongation at break for the adhesive composition is at least about 50% when measured according to ASTM D 882-97 at a crosshead speed of 12 inches/minute (30 centimeters/minute), preferably more than about 200%, and may be higher than about 300%. In some embodiments the elongation at break is in excess of about 800%.
- the amount of force required to remove the adhesive composition from a polypropylene substrate at an angle of between 15° and 35° is less than about 20 Newtons/decimeter. This low removal force permits facile removal of the adhesive composition from a substrate. In certain embodiments, the force necessary to remove the adhesive composition from a substrate at such an angle is as low as about 7 Newtons/decimeter.
- the pressure sensitive adhesive component can be any material that has pressure sensitive adhesive properties. Furthermore, the pressure sensitive adhesive component can be a single pressure sensitive adhesive or the pressure sensitive adhesive can be a combination of two or more pressure sensitive adhesives.
- Pressure sensitive adhesives useful in the present invention include, for example, those based on natural rubbers, synthetic rubbers, styrene block copolymers, polyvinyl ethers, poly (meth)acrylates (including both acrylates and methacrylates), polyolefins, and silicones.
- the pressure sensitive adhesive may be inherently tacky.
- tackifiers may be added to a base material to form the pressure sensitive adhesive.
- Useful tackifiers include, for example, rosin ester resins, aromatic hydrocarbon resins, aliphatic hydrocarbon resins, and terpene resins.
- Other materials can be added for special purposes, including, for example, oils, plasticizers, antioxidants, ultraviolet (“UV”) stabilizers, hydrogenated butyl rubber, pigments, and curing agents.
- the pressure sensitive adhesive is based on at least one poly(meth)acrylate (e.g. is a (meth)acrylic pressure sensitive adhesive).
- Poly(meth)acrylic pressure sensitive adhesives are derived from, for example, at least one alkyl (meth)acrylate ester monomer such as, for example, isooctyl acrylate, isononyl acrylate, 2-methyl-butyl acrylate, 2-ethyl-hexyl acrylate and n-butyl acrylate; and at least one optional co-monomer component such as, for example, (meth)acrylic acid, vinyl acetate, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, (meth)acrylamide, a vinyl ester, a fumarate, a styrene macromer, or combinations thereof.
- alkyl (meth)acrylate ester monomer such as, for example, isooctyl acrylate, isononyl acrylate, 2-methyl-but
- the poly(meth)acrylic pressure sensitive adhesive is derived from between about 0 and about 20 weight percent of acrylic acid and between about 100 and about 80 weight percent of at least one of isooctyl acrylate, 2-ethyl-hexyl acrylate or n-butyl acrylate composition, preferably isooctyl acrylate.
- a preferred embodiment for the present invention is derived from between about 2 and about 10 weight percent acrylic acid and between about 90 and about 98 weight percent of at least one of isooctyl acrylate, 2-ethyl-hexyl acrylate or n-butyl acrylate composition.
- One specific embodiment for the present invention is derived from about 2 weight percent to about 10 weight percent acrylic acid, about 90 weight percent to about 98 weight percent of isooctyl acrylate, and about 2 weight percent to about 6 weight percent styrene macromer.
- the reinforcing material is a polymer.
- the reinforcing material is elastomeric.
- the reinforcing material is a semi-crystalline polymer.
- a semi-crystalline polymer is one having both amorphous and crystalline domains.
- Many specific embodiments incorporate semi-crystalline polymers, such as polycaprolactone (PCL), polybutene (PB), copolymers derived from ethylene and at least one other alpha-olefin monomer (e.g. poly(ethylene-co-1-alkene) and poly(ethylene-co-1-alkene-co-1-alkene)), ultra low density polyethylene (e.g.
- linear low density polyethylene e.g. having a density between 0.915 and 0.94 grams/cubic centimeter, such as LL-3003, ECD-125, 377D60, 369G09, 363C32, 361C33, 357C32, 350D65, 350D64, 350D60, LL-3013, and LL-3001 commercially available from ExxonMobil Corp.
- LL-3003 ECD-125, 377D60, 369G09, 363C32, 361C33, 357C32, 350D65, 350D64, 350D60, LL-3013, and LL-3001 commercially available from ExxonMobil Corp.
- Preferred reinforcing materials have a measurable yield strength.
- the yield strength of the reinforcing material is less than about 20 MPa.
- the tensile strength of the reinforcing material is preferably at least about 150% of its yield strength.
- the tensile strength of the reinforcing material is higher than the tensile strength of the pressure sensitive adhesive.
- the reinforcing material preferably has a melting point above the use temperature of the adhesive composition.
- the reinforcing material preferably has a melting point above the storage temperature of the adhesive composition or any article manufactured with the adhesive composition. Both the use temperature and the storage temperature should not exceed the temperature that the pressure sensitive adhesive decomposes.
- the reinforcing material has a melting point of at least 70° C. All temperatures are related as being measurable by differential scanning calorimetry (“DSC”) at a scanning rate of 10° C./minute.
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- the reinforcing material prefferably has a melt viscosity similar to the melt viscosity of the pressure sensitive adhesive at the processing temperature of the method of this invention.
- the ratio of the reinforcing material melt viscosity to the pressure sensitive adhesive melt viscosity at the processing temperature is less than about 3, preferably less than about 1.5. In particularly preferred embodiments, the ratio is between about 0.5 and about 1.2 depending on specific extrusion parameters (e.g. shear rate, screw speed, temperature). Melt viscosity is measurable as understood by one skilled in the art using a capillary viscometer.
- the reinforcing material is preferably immiscible (i.e. remains in a separate phase) in the pressure sensitive adhesive during mixing so that the reinforcing material can be substantially uniformly dispersed (i.e. distributed) in the pressure sensitive adhesive.
- the reinforcing material is in the form of substantially spherical particles having an average diameter less than about 20 micrometers. In certain embodiments, the reinforcing material has an average diameter less than about 10 micrometers.
- the reinforcing material exists as substantially continuous fibers in the adhesive composition.
- the fibers are unbroken for at least about 0.5 centimeters in the machine direction of the pressure sensitive adhesive matrix, preferably at least about 2 centimeters.
- the substantially continuous fibers are continuous for at least about 5 centimeters and most preferably at least about 8 centimeters.
- the substantially continuous fibers generally have a maximum diameter of about 0.05 to about 5 micrometers, preferably from about 0.1 to about 1 micrometers.
- the aspect ratio (i.e. the ratio of the length to the diameter) of the substantially continuous fibers is greater than about 1000.
- the reinforcing material is mixed with the pressure sensitive adhesive before subjecting the mixture to an elongating shear force.
- Mixing of the reinforcing material and the pressure sensitive adhesive is done by any method that results in a dispersion, preferably a substantially uniform dispersion, of the reinforcing material in the pressure sensitive adhesive.
- melt blending, solvent blending, or any suitable physical means are able to adequately mix the reinforcing material and the pressure sensitive adhesive.
- melt blending devices include those that provide dispersive mixing, distributive mixing, or a combination of dispersive and distributive mixing. Both batch and continuous methods of melt blending can be used. Examples of batch methods include those using a BRABENDER (e.g. a BRABENDER PREP CENTER, commercially available from C.W. Brabender Instruments, Inc.; Southhackensack, N.J.) or BANBURY internal mixing and roll milling equipment (e.g. equipment available from Farrel Co.; Ansonia, Conn.). After batch mixing, the mixture created may be immediately quenched and stored below melting temperature of the mixture for later processing.
- BRABENDER e.g. a BRABENDER PREP CENTER, commercially available from C.W. Brabender Instruments, Inc.; Southhackensack, N.J.
- BANBURY internal mixing and roll milling equipment e.g. equipment available from Farrel Co.; Ansonia, Conn.
- Examples of continuous methods include single screw extruding, twin screw extruding, disk extruding, reciprocating single screw extruding, and pin barrel single screw extruding.
- the continuous methods can include utilizing both distributive elements, such as cavity transfer mixers (e.g. CTM, commercially available from RAPRA Technology, Ltd.; Shrewsbury, England) and pin mixing elements, static mixing elements or dispersive mixing elements (commercially available from e.g., MADDOCK mixing elements or SAXTON mixing elements as described in “Mixing in Single-Screw Extruders,” Mixing in Polymer Processing , edited by Chris Rauwendaal (Marcel Dekker Inc.: New York (1991), pp. 129, 176-177, and 185-186).
- distributive elements such as cavity transfer mixers (e.g. CTM, commercially available from RAPRA Technology, Ltd.; Shrewsbury, England) and pin mixing elements, static mixing elements or dispersive mixing elements (commercially available from e.g
- the reinforcing material comprises between about 2 and about 70 weight percent of the adhesive composition. In specific embodiments, the reinforcing material comprises between about 5 and about 60 weight percent of the adhesive composition. In preferred embodiments, the reinforcing material comprises between about 5 and about 50 weight percent of the adhesive composition.
- the pressure sensitive adhesive component comprises between about 30 and about 98 weight percent, preferably between about 40 and about 95 weight percent and more preferably between about 50 and about 95 weight percent of the total adhesive composition. Other additives may also be mixed into the pressure sensitive adhesive composition prior to application thereof, depending on the desired properties of the applied adhesive.
- the adhesive composition is subjected to an elongating shear force, creating fibers from the reinforcing material in a pressure sensitive adhesive matrix.
- the adhesive composition is formed by continuous forming methods, including hot melt coating, drawing or extruding, the adhesive composition from the elongating shear force device (e.g. a draw die, a film die, or a rotary rod die) and subsequently contacting the drawn adhesive composition to a moving web (e.g. plastic) or other suitable substrate.
- a related continuous forming method involves extruding the adhesive composition and a co-extruded backing material from a film die and cooling the layered product to form an adhesive tape.
- Other continuous forming methods involve directly contacting the adhesive composition to a rapidly moving web or other suitable preformed substrate. Using this method, the adhesive composition is applied to the moving preformed web using a die having flexible die lips, such as a rotary rod die.
- the fibers, thus formed can be solidified by lowering the temperature of the adhesive composition to below the melting point of the reinforcing material.
- the temperature may be lowered by quenching the adhesive composition using either direct methods (e.g., chill rolls or water baths) or indirect methods (e.g., air or gas impingement).
- direct methods e.g., chill rolls or water baths
- indirect methods e.g., air or gas impingement
- the fiber reinforced adhesive composition can be used for a variety of applications.
- the fiber reinforced adhesive composition can be applied to sheeting products (e.g., decorative, reflective, and graphical), labelstock, and tape backings to form, for example, first aid dressings, medical drapes, or medical tapes.
- the fiber reinforced adhesive composition of the present invention can be used in optical fibers and tapes.
- the substrate can be any suitable type of material depending on the desired application.
- the fiber reinforced adhesive composition is coated onto at least a portion of a suitable backing.
- a release material e.g., low adhesion backsize
- the fiber reinforced adhesive composition is coated, for example by co-extrusion or lamination, onto at least a portion of both sides of the backing.
- the adhesive can be coated on at least one release liner to form a transfer tape.
- the backing comprises a nonwoven, paper, polypropylene (e.g., biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP)), polyethylene, polyester (e.g., polyethylene terephthalate), or a release liner (e.g., siliconized liner).
- polypropylene e.g., biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP)
- polyethylene e.g., polyethylene terephthalate
- a release liner e.g., siliconized liner
- the adhesive compositions of the present invention are used in tapes that include gauze pads, for example, and are used as first aid dressings (i.e., wound or surgical dressings). They can also be used in a wide variety of other medical articles, such as medical tapes, athletic tapes, surgical drapes, or tapes or tabs used in adhering medical devices such as sensors, electrodes (as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,215,087 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,171,985, for example), ostomy appliances, or the like.
- webs made from natural or synthetic fibers or mixtures thereof can be used to form backings, particularly for medical articles.
- Woven or nonwoven materials can be employed for webs, with nonwoven materials being preferred for most applications.
- Melt-blown or spunbond techniques can be employed to make such nonwoven webs.
- Nonwoven webs can also be prepared, for example, on a RANDO WEBBER (Rando Corporation, Cincinnati, N.Y.) air-laying machine or on a carding machine.
- fibers forming a nonwoven tape backing are intimately entangled with each other in the form of a coherent breathable fibrous nonwoven tape backing.
- Suitable nonwoven tape backings can be formed as melt blown microfiber webs using the apparatus discussed, for example, in Wente, Van A., “Superfine Thermoplastic Fibers,” Industrial Engineering Chemistry , Vol. 48, pages 1342-1346; Wente, Van A. et al., “Manufacture of Superfine Organic Fibers,” Report No. 4364 of the Naval Research Laboratories, published May 25, 1954; and in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,849,241, 3,825,379, and others.
- microfine fibers are termed melt blown fibers or blown microfibers (BMF) and are generally substantially continuous and form a coherent web between the exit die orifice and a collecting surface by entanglement of the microfibers, due in part to the turbulent airstream in which the fibers are entrained.
- BMF melt blown fibers or blown microfibers
- melt spinning type processes such as spunbond processes, where fibers are collected in a web form immediately upon formation, can also be used to form the nonwoven tape backing.
- the fibers are 100 microns or less in diameter when formed by melt spinning type processes, preferably 50 microns or less.
- Multicomponent fibers if formed by the melt blown process, can be produced as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,176,952 (Joseph et al); U.S. Pat. No. 5,232,770 (Joseph); U.S. Pat. No. 5,238,733 (Joseph et al); U.S. Pat. No. 5,258,220 (Joseph); or U.S. Pat. No. 5,248,455 (Joseph et al). Multicomponent fibers can also be produced by a spunbond process as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,695,868 (McCormach); U.S. Pat. No.
- polyolefins such as polyethylene, including high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, and linear ultra low density polyethylene, polypropylene, and polybutylenes
- vinyl copolymers such as polyvinyl chlorides, both plasticized and unplasticized, and polyvinyl acetates
- olefinic copolymers such as ethylene/methacrylate copolymers, ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers, and ethylene/propylene copolymers
- acrylic polymers and copolymers polycaprolactones; and combinations of the foregoing.
- any plastic or plastic and elastomeric materials such as polypropylene/polyethylene, polyurethane/polyolefin, polyurethane/polycarbonate, polyurethane/polyester, can also be used. Additionally, any nonstretchable material can be used for the tearable backings or for those with perforations, including paper and even metal.
- Preferred materials for the backing include polyurethane, polypropylene, ethylene vinyl acetate, or combinations thereof (e.g., blends, mixtures, etc.) in the form of melt blown fibers.
- Preferred materials for film backings include polycaprolactones and copolymers of ethylene/vinyl acetate and linear low density polyethylene.
- the backing is formed from coherent multicomponent fibers having at least one pressure sensitive adhesive region or layer and at least one non-pressure sensitive adhesive region or layer as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,107,219.
- the backing is a melt blown polypropylene web available from Kimberly Clark Corp.; Irving, Tex.
- the backing is in the form of a laminate
- additional components could be used, such as absorbent layers (e.g., gauze pads) for adhesive bandage products, or the like. If absorbent layers are used, they are typically thin, coherent, conformable, and able to flex and not interfere with the stretch removable characteristics of the articles, although they can be stretchable or not.
- the outermost layer of such a laminate is a film that is substantially impervious to fluids, such as could arise from the external environment, yet permits passage of moisture vapor such that the adhesive article is breathable (typically, having a moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR) of at least about 500 g/m 2 /day).
- MVTR moisture vapor transmission rate
- this breathable, liquid impervious film is the outermost (i.e., top) layer.
- film materials include polyurethanes, polyolefins, metallocene catalyzed polyolefins, polyesters, polyamides, polyetheresters, and A-B-A block copolymers, such as KRATON copolymers available from Shell Chemical Ltd.; Houston, Tex.
- CV-60 A controlled viscosity grade natural rubber, available from The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co.; Akron, OH. ELVAX 210 Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer commercially available from E.I. duPont deNemours and Co.; Wilmington, DE. ELVAX 240 Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer commercially available from E.I. duPont deNemours and Co.; Wilmington, DE. ELVAX 450 Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer commercially available from E.I. duPont deNemours and Co.; Wilmington, DE.
- ELVAX 660 Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer commercially available from E.I. duPont deNemours and Co.; Wilmington, DE.
- ENGAGE 8200 Ethylene-octene copolymer derived from 24% octene, having a DSC measured melting peak temperature of 60° C., commercially available from DuPont Dow Elastomers LLC; Wilmington, DE.
- ENGAGE 8490 Ethylene-octene copolymer derived from 14% octene, commercially available from DuPont Dow Elastomers LLC; Wilmington, DE.
- ESCOREZ 2393 Aliphatic/aromatic mixed tackifier resin commercially available from ExxonMobil Corp.; Houston, TX.
- HDPE High Density Polyethylene having a weight average molecular weight of 125,000 and a density of 0.95 grams/cubic centimeter, commercially available from Scientific Polymer Products, Inc.; Ontario, NY.
- IOA Isooctyl acrylate KRATON D1107 Styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer commercially available from Shell Chemicals Ltd.; Houston, TX.
- MAA Methacrylic acid PB Isotactic Polybutene having a weight average molecular weight of 185,000, commercially available from Aldrich Chemical Co.; Milwaukee, WI.
- PCL Polycaprolactone having a weight average molecular weight of 80,000, commercially available from Aldrich Chemical Co.; Milwaukee, WI.
- PET An aminated-polybutadiene primed polyester film of polyethylene terephthalate having a thickness of 38 micrometers.
- PMMA Polymethylmethacrylate having a weight average molecular weight of 350,000 commercially available from Aldrich Chemical Co.; Milwaukee, WI.
- PP substrate Polypropylene substrate commercially available from Aeromat Plastics Inc.; Bumsville, MN.
- PS Polystyrene having a weight average molecular weight of 280,000, commercially available from Aldrich Chemical Co.; Milwaukee, WI.
- PSA-1 IOA/AA copolymer pressure sensitive adhesive derived from an approximate ratio of IOA/AA monomers of 90/10.
- the pressure sensitive adhesive was prepared by mixing 21.6 grams of IQA, 2.4 grams of AA, 0.28 gram of carbon tetrabromide chain transfer agent, and 36 grams of ethyl acetate in a glass vessel.
- the pressure sensitive adhesive was prepared as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,952,650, Example 5, and dried prior to use.
- PSA-5 IOA/AA copolymer pressure sensitive adhesive derived from an approximate ratio of IOA/AA monomers of 90/10.
- the pressure sensitive adhesive was polymerized as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,804,610, Example 1, with the exception that the pouch was removed prior to feeding the pressure sensitive adhesive into the extruder.
- the pressure sensitive adhesive was prepared as described in U.S. Pat. No.
- PSA-7 PSA-6 mixed with 23% ESCOREZ 2393 tackifier.
- PSA-8 IOA/AA copolymer pressure sensitive adhesive derived from an approximate ratio of IOA/AA monomers of 95.5/4.5 and polymerized as described in U.S. Pat. No. RE 24,906, Example 5, and dried prior to use.
- REGALREZ 1126 Hydrogenated tackifier resin commercially available from Hercules, Inc.; Wilmington, DE.
- WINGTACK PLUS A C5 hydrocarbon tackifier resin commercially available from Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company; Akron, OH.
- This peel adhesion test is similar to the test method described in ASTM D 3330-90, substituting a glass, high density polyethylene or polypropylene substrate for the stainless steel substrate described in the test.
- the substrate used is noted in each particular example.
- the substrate panel was either solvent-washed glass, polypropylene (PP), or high density polyethylene (HDPE) using a 2 kilogram roller passed once over the strip.
- the bonded assembly was allowed to dwell at room temperature for one minute.
- the assembly was then tested for 180° peel adhesion in the machine direction using an IMASS slip/peel tester (Model 3M90, commercially available from Instrumentors Inc., Strongsville, OH) at a crosshead speed of 30 centimeters/minute (12 inches/minute).
- Adhesive-coated strips which had equilibrated at constant temperature (21° C.) and humidity (50% relative humidity) for at least 24 hours, were adhered to a polypropylene (PP) substrate panel using a 2 kilogram roller passed once over the strip. The bonded assembly was allowed to dwell at room temperature for one minute. The assembly was then tested for stretch release by pulling at an angle of between 15 and 35° either “by hand”, or “mechanically” using an IMASS slip/peel tester (Model 3M90, commercially available from Instrumentors Inc., Strongsville, OH) at a crosshead speed of 30 centimeters/minute (12 inches/minute).
- IMASS slip/peel tester Model 3M90, commercially available from Instrumentors Inc., Strongsville, OH
- the data are reported for the by hand samples as “broke” if the sample broke before detachment (i.e. the sample did not stretch release), or “yes” if the sample exhibited stretch release properties.
- the data is reported as “broke” if the sample broke (i.e. the sample did not stretch release), or, if the sample did exhibit stretch release properties, the maximum stretch release force in Newtons/decimeter is reported.
- Probe tack measurements were made following the test method described in ASTM D 2979-95 using a TA-XY2 texture tester (commercially available from Stable Microsystems, Surrey, U.K.).
- the pressure sensitive adhesive matrix was dissolved, leaving behind the fibrous reinforcing material.
- a strip of the adhesive composition film (approximately 7.5 centimeters long by 2.5 centimeters wide) was cut from the film in the machine direction. The strip was suspended on an open frame by looping the film over the edge of the open frame. The frame and adhesive strip were immersed in a solvent capable of dissolving the pressure sensitive adhesive but not the fibrous reinforcing material. After 24 hours the sample was checked to determine if the pressure sensitive adhesive had completely dissolved and if the fibrous reinforcing material remained on the frame. If fibers were not continuous for at least 5 centimeters, nothing remained on the frame. The samples were rated as “pass” if fibers remained on the frame and “fail” if no fibers remained on the frame.
- a sample of PSA-1 was hot melt coated between two release liners at 150° C. using a HAAKE single screw extruder (commercially available from Haake, Inc.; Paramus, N.J.) equipped with a draw die.
- the resulting film had a thickness of 127 micrometers.
- the tensile properties of the film were determined as described in the Tensile Testing method above. The results are shown in Table 2.
- a portion of the film was laminated to a PET backing to make a tape.
- the resulting tape was passed below a Fusion H-bulb lamp (commercially available from Fusion Total Ultraviolet Systems, Inc.; Gaithersburg, Md.) at a crosshead speed of 15 meters/minute for a total ultraviolet dose of 300 milliJoules/cm 2 .
- the tape was tested for 1800 Peel Adhesion from glass. The results are shown in Table 3.
- a mixture of 90 parts PSA-1, 10 parts ENGAGE 8200 and 0.2 part benzophenone was prepared in a BRABENDER mixer (commercially available from C.W. Brabender Instruments, Southhackensack, N.J.) at 140° C. to 150° C. for 8 to 10 minutes.
- the resulting mixture was hot melt coated between two release liners at 150° C. using a HAAKE single screw extruder (commercially available from Haake, Inc.; Paramus, N.J.) equipped with a draw die.
- the resulting film had a thickness of 127 micrometers.
- the tensile properties of the film were determined as described in the Tensile Testing method above. The results are shown in Table 2.
- a portion of the film was laminated to a PET backing to make a tape.
- the resulting tape was passed below a Fusion H-bulb lamp (commercially available from Fusion Total Ultraviolet Systems, Inc.; Gaithersburg, Md.) at a crosshead speed of 15 meters/minute for a total ultraviolet dose of 300 milliJoules/cm 2 .
- the tape was tested for 180° Peel Adhesion from glass. The results are shown in Table 3.
- a mixture of 90 parts PSA-1, 10 parts of LDPE and 0.2 part benzophenone were mixed in a BRABENDER mixer (commercially available from C.W. Brabender Instruments, Southhackensack, N.J.) at 140° C. to 150° C. for 8 to 10 minutes.
- the resulting mixture was hot melt coated between two release liners at 150° C. using a HAAKE single screw extruder (commercially available from Haake, Inc.; Paramus, N.J.) equipped with a draw die.
- the resulting film had a thickness of 127 micrometers.
- the tensile properties of the film were determined as described in the Tensile Testing method above. The results are shown in Table 2.
- a portion of the film was laminated to a PET backing to make a tape.
- the resulting tape was passed below a Fusion H-bulb lamp (commercially available from Fusion Total Ultraviolet Systems, Inc.; Gaithersburg, Md.) at a crosshead speed of 15 meters/minute for a total ultraviolet dose of 300 milliJoules/cm2.
- the tape was tested for 180° Peel Adhesion from glass. The results are shown in Table 3.
- a mixture of 90 parts PSA-1, 10 parts ENGAGE 8490 and 0.2 part benzophenone were mixed in a BRABENDER mixer (commercially available from C.W. Brabender Instruments, Southhackensack, N.J.) at 140° C. to 150C for 8 to 10 minutes.
- the resulting mixture was hot melt coated between two release liners at 150° C. using a HAAKE single screw extruder (commercially available from Haake, Inc.; Paramus, N.J.) equipped with a draw die.
- the resulting film had a thickness of 127 micrometers.
- the tensile properties of the film were determined as described in the Tensile Testing method above. The results are shown in Table 2.
- a portion of the film was laminated to a PET backing to make a tape.
- the resulting tape was passed below a Fusion H-bulb lamp (commercially available from Fusion Total Ultraviolet Systems, Inc.; Gaithersburg, Md.) at a crosshead speed of 15 meters/minute for a UV dose of 300 milliJoules/cm 2 .
- the tape was tested for 180° Peel Adhesion from glass. The results are shown in Table 3.
- a mixture of 90 parts PSA-1, 10 parts of ATTANE 4202 and 0.2 part benzophenone were mixed in a BRABENDER mixer (commercially available from C.W. Brabender Instruments, Southhackensack, N.J.) at 140° C. to 150° C. for 8 to 10 minutes.
- the resulting mixture was hot melt coated between two release liners at 150° C. using a HAAKE single screw extruder (commercially available from Haake, Inc.; Paramus, N.J.) equipped with a draw die.
- the resulting film had a thickness of 127 micrometers.
- the tensile properties of the film were determined as described in the Tensile Test Method above. The results are shown in Table 2.
- a sample of PSA-1 was hot melt coated between two release liners at 150° C. using a HAAKE single screw extruder (commercially available from Haake, Inc.; Paramus, N.J.) equipped with a draw die.
- the resulting film had a thickness of 127 micrometers and was laminated to a PET backing to make a tape.
- the resulting tape was passed below a Fusion H-bulb lamp (commercially available from Fusion Total Ultraviolet Systems, Inc.; Gaithersburg, Md.) at a crosshead speed of 15 meters/minute for a UV dose of 300 milliJoules/cm 2 .
- the tape was tested for 180° Peel Adhesion from glass in the machine and the cross-web directions. The results are shown in Table 4.
- a mixture of 90 parts PSA-1 and 10 parts of ATTANE 4202 were mixed in a BRABENDER mixer (commercially available from C.W. Brabender Instruments, Southhackensack, N.J.) at 140° C. to 150° C. for 8 to 10 minutes.
- the resulting mixture was hot melt coated between two release liners at 150° C. using a HAAKE single screw extruder (commercially available from Haake, Inc.; Paramus, N.J.) equipped with a draw die.
- the resulting film had a thickness of 127 micrometers and was laminated to a PET backing to make a tape.
- the resulting tape was passed below a Fusion H-bulb lamp (commercially available from Fusion Total Ultraviolet Systems, Inc.; Gaithersburg, Md.) at a crosshead speed of 15 meters/minute for a UV dose of 300 milliJoules/cm 2 .
- the tape was tested for 180° Peel Adhesion from glass in the machine and the cross-web directions. The results are shown in Table 4. TABLE 4 180° Peel Adhesion in 180° Peel Adhesion in Cross- Example Machine Direction (N/dm) web Direction (N/dm) C4 81.4 65.9 3 128.9 141.3
- a sample of PSA-1 was hot melt coated between two release liners at 150° C. using a HAAKE single screw extruder (commercially available from Haake, Inc.; Paramus, N.J.) equipped with a draw die.
- the resulting film had a thickness of 51 micrometers and was laminated to a PET backing to make a tape.
- the resulting tape was passed below a Fusion H-bulb lamp (commercially available from Fusion Total Ultraviolet Systems, Inc.; Gaithersburg, Md.) at a crosshead speed of 15 meters/minute for a UV dose of 300 milliJoules/cm 2 .
- the tape was tested for 180° Peel Adhesion from glass in the machine and cross-web directions. The results are shown in Table 5.
- a mixture of 90 parts PSA-1 and 10 parts of LDPE were mixed in a BRABENDER mixer (commercially available from C.W. Brabender Instruments, Southhackensack, N.J.) at 140° C. to 150° C. for 8 to 10 minutes.
- the resulting mixture was hot melt coated between two release liners at 150° C. using a HAAKE single screw extruder (commercially available from Haake, Inc.; Paramus, N.J.) equipped with a draw die.
- the resulting film had a thickness of 51 micrometers and was laminated to a PET backing to make a tape.
- the tape was tested for 180° Peel Adhesion from glass in the machine and cross-web directions. The results are shown in Table 5.
- a mixture of 90 parts PSA-1 and 10 parts of ATTANE 4202 were mixed in a BRABENDER mixer (commercially available from C.W. Brabender Instruments, Southhackensack, N.J.) at 140° C. to 150° C. for 8 to 10 minutes.
- the resulting mixture was hot melt coated between two release liners at 150° C. using a HAAKE single screw extruder (commercially available from Haake, Inc.; Paramus, N.J.) equipped with a draw die.
- the resulting film had a thickness of 51 micrometers and was laminated to a PET backing to make a tape.
- the resulting tape was passed below a Fusion H-bulb lamp (commercially available from Fusion Total Ultraviolet Systems, Inc.; Gaithersburg, Md.) at a crosshead speed of 15 meters/minute for a UV dose of 300 milliJoules/cm 2 .
- the tape was tested for 180° Peel Adhesion from glass in the machine and cross-web directions. The results are shown in Table 5. TABLE 5 180° Peel Adhesion in 180° Peel Adhesion in Cross- Example Machine Direction (N/dm) web Direction (N/dm) CS 54.9 51.4 C6 36.7 63.0 4 96.9 88.4
- a sample of PSA-2 was hot melt coated between two release liners at 150° C. using a HAAKE single screw extruder (commercially available from Haake, Inc.; Paramus, N.J.) equipped with a draw die.
- the resulting film had a thickness of 127 micrometers and was laminated to a PET backing to make a tape.
- the tape was tested for 180° Peel Adhesion on various substrates. The results are shown in Table 6.
- a mixture of 90 parts PSA-2 and 10 parts of ATTANE 4202 were mixed in a BRABENDER mixer (commercially available from C.W. Brabender Instruments, Southhackensack, N.J.) at 140° C. to 150° C. for 8 to 10 minutes.
- the resulting mixture was hot melt coated between two release liners at 150° C. using a HAAKE single screw extruder (commercially available from Haake, Inc.; Paramus, N.J.) equipped with a draw die.
- the resulting film had a thickness of 127 micrometers and was laminated to a PET backing to make a tape.
- the tape was tested for 180° Peel Adhesion on various substrates. The results are shown in Table 6.
- TABLE 6 180° Peel 180° Peel 180° Peel Adhesion from Adhesion for Adhesion
- a sample of PSA-3 was used as obtained and hot melt coated between two release liners at 150° C. using a HAAKE single screw extruder (commercially available from Haake, Inc.; Paramus, N.J.) equipped with a draw die.
- the resulting film had a thickness of 127 micrometers and was laminated to a PET backing to make a tape.
- the tape was tested for 180° Peel Adhesion on various substrates. The results are shown in Table 7.
- a mixture of 90 parts PSA-3 and 10 parts of ATTANE 4202 were mixed in a BRABENDER mixer (commercially available from C.W. Brabender Instruments, Southhackensack, N.J.) at 140° C. to 150° C. for 8 to 10 minutes.
- the resulting mixture was hot melt coated between two release liners at 150° C. using a HAAKE single screw extruder (commercially available from Haake, Inc.; Paramus, N.J.) equipped with a draw die.
- the resulting film had a thickness of 127 micrometers and was laminated to a PET backing to make a tape.
- the tape was tested for 180° Peel Adhesion on various substrates. The results are shown in Table 7.
- TABLE 7 180° Peel 180° Peel 180° Peel Adhesion from Adhesion from Adhesion from Example glass (N/dm) HDPE (N/dm) PP (N/dm) C8 53 25 33 6 100 23 42
- a sample of PSA-4 was hot melt coated between two release liners at 150° C. using a HAAKE single screw extruder (commercially available from Haake, Inc.; Paramus, N.J.) equipped with a draw die.
- the tensile properties of the film were determined as described in the Tensile Testing method above. The results are shown in Table 8.
- a mixture of 85 parts PSA-4 and 15 parts of PS were mixed in a BRABENDER mixer (commercially available from C.W. Brabender Instruments, Southhackensack, N.J.) at 140° C. to 150° C. for 8 to 10 minutes.
- the resulting mixture was hot melt coated between two release liners at 150° C. using a HAAKE single screw extruder (commercially available from Haake, Inc.; Paramus, N.J.) equipped with a draw die.
- the tensile properties of the film were determined as described in the Tensile Testing method above. The results are shown in Table 8.
- a mixture of 85 parts PSA-4 and 15 parts HDPE were mixed in a BRABENDER mixer (commercially available from C.W. Brabender Instruments, Southhackensack, N.J.) at 140° C. to 150° C. for 8 to 10 minutes.
- the resulting mixture was hot melt coated between two release liners at 150° C. using a HAAKE single screw extruder (commercially available from Haake, Inc.; Paramus, N.J.) equipped with a draw die.
- the tensile properties of the film were determined as described in the Tensile Testing method above. The results are shown in Table 8.
- a mixture of 85 parts PSA-4 and 15 parts of ATTANE 4202 were mixed in a BRABENDER mixer (commercially available from C.W. Brabender Instruments, Southhackensack, N.J.) at 140° C. to 150° C. for 8 to 10 minutes.
- the resulting mixture was hot melt coated between two release liners at 150° C. using a HAAKE single screw extruder (commercially available from Haake, Inc.; Paramus, N.J.) equipped with a draw die.
- the tensile properties of the film were determined as described in the Tensile Testing method above. The results are shown in Table 8.
- a mixture of 85 parts PSA-4 and 15 parts PEBH were mixed in a BRABENDER mixer (commercially available from C.W. Brabender Instruments, Southhackensack, N.J.) at 140° C. to 150° C. for 8 to 10 minutes.
- the resulting mixture was hot melt coated between two release liners at 150° C. using a HAAKE single screw extruder (commercially available from Haake, Inc.; Paramus, N.J.) equipped with a draw die.
- the tensile properties of the film were determined as described in the Tensile Testing method above. The results are shown in Table 8.
- Examples 17-22 and Comparative Example C 15 were prepared using PSA-4 with the level of ATTANE 4202 shown in Table 11, and were mixed in a BRABENDER mixer (commercially available from C.W. Brabender Instruments, Southhackensack, N.J.) at 140° C. to 150° C. for 8 to 10 minutes. The resulting mixture was hot melt coated between two release liners at 150° C. using a HAAKE single screw extruder (commercially available from Haake, Inc.; Paramus, N.J.) equipped with a draw die to give a thickness of 51 micrometers. The stretch release properties of the films were determined as described in the Stretch Release Test Method above. The results are shown in Table 11. TABLE 11 Level of ATTANE Stretch Release Example 4202 (weight %) Force (N/dm) C15 0 Broke 17 5 7.4 18 10 10.7 19 15 13.1 20 20 14.1 21 30 19.6 22 40 22.1
- Example 33-37 and Comparative Example C20 were prepared using PSA-4 with the level of ATTANE 4202 shown in Table 16 mixed in a BRABENDER mixer (commercially available from C.W. Brabender Instruments, Southhackensack, N.J.) at 140° C. to 150° C. for 8 to 10 minutes.
- the resulting mixtures were hot melt coated between two release liners at 150° C. using a HAAKE single screw extruder (commercially available from Haake, Inc.; Paramus, N.J.) equipped with a draw die to give films having a thickness of 51 or 127 micrometers.
- the probe tack properties of the films were determined as described in the Probe Tack Test method above. The results are shown in Table 16.
- a stretch removable First Aid Dressing (FAD) sample was made by laminating with thumb pressure at room temperature a strip (2.54-cm ⁇ 7.6-cm) of a perforated polymer film backing to a strip (2.54-cm ⁇ 7.6-cm) of the adhesive described in Example 20, with the fibers perpendicular to the long axis of the sample.
- the film backing comprised 60% ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer, 35% linear low density polyethylene, 5% stabilizers and other additives (PGI Product No.
- the film had a basis weight of 1.15 oz/yd 2 (27 g/m 2 ), was 5-mils (0.13-mm) thick, and had oval-shaped holes (approximately 0.2-mm width x 0.3-mm length in the greatest dimensions) with the length dimension of the oval holes oriented parallel to the machine direction of the film.
- the film had about 530 holes/cm 2 arranged in a pattern of staggered lines.
- the FAD sample was evaluated for ease of removal by adhering the sample with finger pressure to the forearm of a human subject, waiting 60 minutes, and then removing by pulling one end of the sample and stretching the sample at about a 35° angle to the plane of the forearm. Very little force was required to stretch the backing and to remove the sample painlessly from the skin and hair of the forearm.
- a polyurethane backing (melt-blown nonwoven fibrous web comprised of three-layer polymeric fibers having a center layer of blended polyethylene and KratonTM PSA, and outer layers of polyurethane; prepared as described for Backing Sample 16 in U.S. Pat. No. 6,107,219 (Joseph et al.)) was perforated with a metal die to provide parallel rows of holes separated by 3.8 cm. The holes were rectangular in shape (1.75-mm ⁇ 0.07-mm) and the space between holes within a row was 0.7 mm.
- the polyurethane backing had one side rougher than the other due to the collection technique used during the melt-blown process.
- a stretch removable FAD sample was made by laminating with thumb pressure at room temperature a strip (2.54-cm ⁇ 7.6-cm) of the perforated polyurethane backing to a strip (2.54-cm ⁇ 7.6-cm) of the adhesive described in Example 20, with the fibers perpendicular to the long axis of the sample.
- the “rough” side of the backing was adjacent the adhesive layer.
- a 1.8-cm ⁇ 2.5-cm gauze pad was attached to the adhesive layer in the center of the sample and the holes had been pre-cut such that the rows began 6 mm from each end of the sample.
- the FAD sample was evaluated for ease of removal by adhering the sample with finger pressure to the forearm of a human subject, waiting 10 minutes, and then removing by lifting and stretching the gauze pad at about a 90° angle to the plane of the forearm. Very little force was required to stretch the backing and to remove the sample painlessly from the skin and hair of the forearm. During stretching and removal, the backing was observed to break and to delaminate from the adhesive layer.
- a paper backing (Hammermill Laserprint paper (0.11-mm thick), Product No. 00460-4, International Paper, Memphis, Tenn.) was perforated with a metal die to provide parallel rows of holes separated by 6.35 cm.
- the holes were rectangular in shape (1.75-mm ⁇ 0.07-mm) with the long sides of the holes oriented in the direction of the rows and the space between holes within a row was 0.7 mm.
- a FAD sample was made by laminating with thumb pressure at room temperature a strip (2.54-cm ⁇ 7.6-cm) of the perforated paper backing to a strip (2.54-cm ⁇ 7.6-cm) of the adhesive described in Example 20, with the fibers perpendicular to the long axis of the sample.
- a 1.8-cm ⁇ 2.5-cm gauze pad was attached to the adhesive layer in the center of the sample and the holes had been pre-cut such that the rows began 6 mm from each end of the sample.
- the FAD sample was evaluated for ease of removal by adhering the sample with finger pressure to the forearm of a human subject, waiting 10 minutes, and then removing by pulling one end of the sample and stretching the sample at about a 35° angle to the plane of the forearm. Very little force was required to stretch the backing and to remove the sample painlessly from the skin and hair of the forearm. During stretching and removal, the backing was observed to break and to delaminate from the adhesive layer.
- the sheets were oriented such that the adhesive layer, when subsequently stretched for removal, would be stretched in a direction parallel to the machine direction of the adhesive layer. Prior to lamination, the adhesive sheet was covered along one edge with a strip of paper that could serve as a handle for grasping the adhesive layer alone.
- the resulting laminate was cut into a 2.54-cm ⁇ 7.6-cm FAD sample and adhered with thumb pressure onto a mirror-finished steel plate with the paper handle allowed to extend over the end of the plate.
- the paper handle of the sample was finger-grasped and stretched in the plane of the adhesive-backing interface at a rate of about 150 cm/min. Upon stretching, the adhesive released from between the plate surface and the backing.
- a FAD sample was made by laminating with thumb pressure at room temperature a strip (2.54-cm ⁇ 7.6-cm) of a polypropylene backing [melt-blown nonwoven polypropylene (basis weight 20 g/m 2 ), Kimberly-Clark, Irving, Tex. ] to a strip (2.54-cm ⁇ 7.6-cm) of the adhesive described in Example 20.
- a 1.3-cm piece of the adhesive/backing laminate was gathered in the middle of the strip in such a way that a fold was made perpendicular to the greatest length of the strip.
- a 1.8-cm ⁇ 2.5-cm gauze pad was attached to the adhesive layer in the center of the sample.
- the FAD sample was evaluated by adhering the sample with finger pressure to the forearm of a human subject, waiting 10 minutes, and then using the fold in the FAD as a handle, removing by lifting and stretching the gauze pad at about a 90° angle to the plane of the forearm. Very little force was required to stretch the backing and to remove the sample painlessly from the skin and hair of the forearm. During stretching and removal, the backing was observed to break and to delaminate from the adhesive layer.
- a FAD sample having a center fold and a gauze pad was made as described in Example 46, except that the polyurethane backing (as described in Example 43) was used in place of the polypropylene backing.
- the sample was evaluated as described in Example 46. During stretching and removal, the backing was observed to delaminate from the adhesive layer.
- a FAD sample having a center fold and a gauze pad was made as described in Example 46, except that the adhesive described in Example 28 was used as the adhesive. The sample was evaluated and the same results obtained as described in Example 46.
- a blend of 80 parts of PSA-7 and 20 parts of ATTANE 4202 were mixed in a BRABENDER mixer (C.W. Brabender Instruments, Southhackensack, N.J.) at 140° C. to 150° C. for 8 to 10 minutes.
- the resulting mixtures were hot melt coated between two release liners at 150° C. using a HAAKE single screw extruder (commercially available from Haake, Inc.; Paramus, N.J.) equipped with a draw die.
- the resulting PSA film had a thickness of 127 micrometers and was laminated to a PCL backing of thickness listed in Table 30 (prepared by solvent coating a 20% solids solution of PCL in toluene onto a release liner and drying at 70° C.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Adhesive Tapes (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/764,478 US20020164446A1 (en) | 2001-01-17 | 2001-01-17 | Pressure sensitive adhesives with a fibrous reinforcing material |
AT01944349T ATE342318T1 (de) | 2001-01-17 | 2001-06-08 | Haftklebemittel mit einem faserförmigen verstärkungsmaterial |
JP2002558442A JP2004525209A (ja) | 2001-01-17 | 2001-06-08 | 繊維強化材入り感圧接着剤 |
EP01944349A EP1354013B1 (de) | 2001-01-17 | 2001-06-08 | Haftklebemittel mit einem faserförmigen verstärkungsmaterial |
PCT/US2001/018500 WO2002057383A1 (en) | 2001-01-17 | 2001-06-08 | Pressure sensitive adhesives with a fibrous reinforcing material |
AU2001266771A AU2001266771A1 (en) | 2001-01-17 | 2001-06-08 | Pressure sensitive adhesives with a fibrous reinforcing material |
DE60123838T DE60123838T2 (de) | 2001-01-17 | 2001-06-08 | Haftklebemittel mit einem faserförmigen verstärkungsmaterial |
US10/180,784 US6756098B2 (en) | 2001-01-17 | 2002-06-25 | Pressure sensitive adhesives with a fibrous reinforcing material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/764,478 US20020164446A1 (en) | 2001-01-17 | 2001-01-17 | Pressure sensitive adhesives with a fibrous reinforcing material |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/180,784 Continuation-In-Part US6756098B2 (en) | 2001-01-17 | 2002-06-25 | Pressure sensitive adhesives with a fibrous reinforcing material |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20020164446A1 true US20020164446A1 (en) | 2002-11-07 |
Family
ID=25070845
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/764,478 Abandoned US20020164446A1 (en) | 2001-01-17 | 2001-01-17 | Pressure sensitive adhesives with a fibrous reinforcing material |
US10/180,784 Expired - Lifetime US6756098B2 (en) | 2001-01-17 | 2002-06-25 | Pressure sensitive adhesives with a fibrous reinforcing material |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/180,784 Expired - Lifetime US6756098B2 (en) | 2001-01-17 | 2002-06-25 | Pressure sensitive adhesives with a fibrous reinforcing material |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20020164446A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1354013B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2004525209A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE342318T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2001266771A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE60123838T2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002057383A1 (de) |
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- 2001-06-08 WO PCT/US2001/018500 patent/WO2002057383A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-06-08 AT AT01944349T patent/ATE342318T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-06-08 AU AU2001266771A patent/AU2001266771A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-06-08 EP EP01944349A patent/EP1354013B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-08 DE DE60123838T patent/DE60123838T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-08 JP JP2002558442A patent/JP2004525209A/ja active Pending
-
2002
- 2002-06-25 US US10/180,784 patent/US6756098B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2001266771A1 (en) | 2002-07-30 |
WO2002057383A1 (en) | 2002-07-25 |
US6756098B2 (en) | 2004-06-29 |
WO2002057383A8 (en) | 2003-10-30 |
ATE342318T1 (de) | 2006-11-15 |
DE60123838D1 (de) | 2006-11-23 |
EP1354013B1 (de) | 2006-10-11 |
DE60123838T2 (de) | 2007-05-16 |
US20020187294A1 (en) | 2002-12-12 |
JP2004525209A (ja) | 2004-08-19 |
EP1354013A1 (de) | 2003-10-22 |
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