US10502553B2 - Weldable strain sensor for curved surfaces - Google Patents

Weldable strain sensor for curved surfaces Download PDF

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Publication number
US10502553B2
US10502553B2 US16/336,434 US201716336434A US10502553B2 US 10502553 B2 US10502553 B2 US 10502553B2 US 201716336434 A US201716336434 A US 201716336434A US 10502553 B2 US10502553 B2 US 10502553B2
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United States
Prior art keywords
strain sensor
sensor
tongues
weldable
end portions
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US16/336,434
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English (en)
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US20190219383A1 (en
Inventor
Jochen Maul
Tobias Kipp
Bernd Günther
Maria Marta Cabral Bobiâo Giråo
Francisco Manuel Moita Araûjo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hottinger Bruel and Kjaer GmbH
Original Assignee
Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
    • G01B11/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge using photoelastic elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
    • G01L1/242—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre
    • G01L1/243—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre using means for applying force perpendicular to the fibre axis
    • G01L1/245—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre using means for applying force perpendicular to the fibre axis using microbending
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
    • G01L1/242—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre
    • G01L1/246—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre using integrated gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
    • G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
    • G02B6/02209—Mounting means, e.g. adhesives, casings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a weldable strain sensor and more particularly to a weldable strain sensor suitable for curved surfaces.
  • Strains of material surfaces can, e.g., be measured with strain sensors, which are mounted on these surfaces. As the surface is stretched or compressed, the strain sensors are also impacted, so that a measurement signal is generated.
  • strain gauges are used as strain sensors, which are fastened by means of an adhesive.
  • Adhesives can easily be processed, but have also properties that can be detrimental under certain environmental conditions. These unfavorable environmental conditions involve greatly fluctuating or high humidity and in particular large temperature differences.
  • Adhesives can be optimally processed only at so-called room temperature. When, e.g., strain sensors should be secured to steel girders of a railway bridge or to gas pipelines, this becomes then basically impossible, when the ambient temperature is below 0 degree Celsius for example. In principle, it is also not possible to heat the measuring point, because this causes temperature-induced material expansions which would greatly falsify the measured values in this area.
  • Strain gauge strips include essentially a carrier material and the strain sensor itself.
  • the strain sensor is firmly connected to the carrier material.
  • Carrier materials that are attached by means of adhesives are usually thin and therefore very flexible plastic films.
  • Weldable carrier materials are usually steel sheets which are fastened by spot-welded joints on the surface to be examined.
  • strain sensors are already encapsulated during manufacture, welding per se requires little effort. However, these capsules are mechanically stiff and cannot be attached to curved surfaces.
  • a solution to the problem would be the production of encapsulated strain sensors with capsules that already have the radius of the workpiece surface to which the strain sensor is to be welded. However, for each radius of a workpiece surface, a special strain sensor must then be made. Therefore, this technique has not prevailed in practice.
  • the object of providing a strain sensor with a reliable fastening technology and lowest possible error probability, which is also applicable to curved surfaces, is achieved with a weldable strain sensor with the following features:
  • a strain sensor with two end portions, which are coupled in signal communication with signal lines for conducting the measurement signal
  • a sensor carrier which extends hi the direction of the strain sensor and is firmly connected thereto, with the sensor carrier being a metal sheet which can be secured by spot welding,
  • a protective cover which is made of solid plastic and integrally surrounds the strain sensor and the connections to the signal ones and which is firmly connected to the sensor carrier.
  • the protective cover In the area of the sensor, the protective cover is sufficiently narrow and flat so that it does not break when mounting the sensor carrier on a curved surface.
  • the protective cover In the area of the coupling points of the signal lines, i.e. at the points where the signal lines are connected to the strain sensor, the protective cover is at least Mice as wide and at least twice as high as in the region of the sensor.
  • the two end portions of the sensor carrier, which are not surrounded by solid plastic have slots on both sides so as to form tongues. The ends of the tongues that are arranged in pairs are directed in opposition to each other.
  • the cover is narrow and flat and thus flexible only in the sensor area. It is thus possible to fasten this section of the sensor carrier to a curved surface of a tube of which the elongation is to be measured, without breakage of the cover at this point or impact on the strain sensor and thereby falsifying the measurement result.
  • the cover In the sensor area, the cover can be designed narrow and flat because the strain sensor itself is thin. Conversely, comparatively thick connection lines are fastened at the two ends of the strain sensor.
  • the cover of the strain sensor In order for the cover of the strain sensor to also provide a robust protection, e.g. against snow and ice, it is made of a solid plastic. Therefore, the cover in the area of the connecting line is much bulkier and thus much more rigid than that of the strain sensor.
  • the tongues may have different sizes and shapes.
  • the tongues have different lengths, with the tongue length decreasing in the direction of the strain sensor.
  • the tongues have different widths, with the tongue width increasing in the direction of the strain sensor.
  • the strain sensor is an FBG strain sensor.
  • the invention is particularly suitable for an optical strain sensor with a Bragg grating.
  • the sensor carrier can have different shapes, likewise the shapes of the tongues within a sensor carrier can vary.
  • Decisive for the implementation of the technical teaching of the invention is a configuration of the tongues that enables an attachment of the rigid end portions of the cover at all times in the region of the signal lines, without the need for inadmissibly high pressure forces during welding.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a weldable strain sensor.
  • FIG. 2 a -2 c show plan views of the strain sensor with welding points.
  • FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a strain sensor partially welded onto a tube.
  • FIG. 4 shows the front view of the strain sensor of FIG. 3 partially welded onto the tube.
  • FIG. 5 a shows a perspective view of the strain sensor fully welded onto a tube.
  • FIG. 5 b shows an enlarged view of differently deflected tongues mounted on the tube.
  • FIG. 6 shows tongues of different lengths.
  • FIG. 7 shows tongues of different widths.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a strain sensor 1 weldable onto curved surfaces.
  • An FBG strain sensor 2 (concealed) is mechanically firmly connected and coupled in signal communication at its two end portions with signal lines 3 a , 3 b for conduction of the measurement signal.
  • the FBG strain sensor 2 is bonded onto a sensor carrier 4 made of a sheet steel.
  • the steel sheet in this exemplary embodiment has a thickness of 0.1 mm and a tensile strength of 884 N/mm 2 .
  • the FBG strain sensor 2 and the signal lines 3 a , 3 b coupled thereto are completely covered by a protective cover 5 made of a solid plastic.
  • epoxy resin is used because it is particularly strong and resistant to aging.
  • the protective cover 5 is firmly connected to the sensor carrier 4 .
  • the protective cover 5 In the area of the FBG sensor 2 , the protective cover 5 is narrow and flat, so as to be substantially as flexible as the thin sheet steel of the sensor carrier 4 .
  • the width of the protective cover 5 in the present embodiment is 2 mm in the area of the FBG strain sensor and the thickness is 0.5 mm. This ensures that when the sensor carrier 4 is welded onto a curved surface, the relatively hard protective cover 5 does not break.
  • the sensor carrier 4 is also narrower in this area than at the end portions thereof. In the present exemplary embodiment, the width of the end portions of the sensor carrier 4 is 23 mm and the portion there between is 11 mm wide.
  • the protective cover 5 is at least twice as wide and at least three times as high as in the region of the strain sensor 2 .
  • the protective cover 5 in these areas is 10 mm wide, 18 mm long and 5 mm high.
  • the free surfaces of the end portions of the sensor carrier 4 have slots 6 so as to form tongues 7 with ends that oppose one another.
  • FIGS. 2 a -2 c show top views of the strain sensor and the sequence when setting welding spots 8 .
  • FIGS. 2 a and 2 b show that the welding spots 8 are set outwards starting from the middle of the sensor. Subsequently, the tongues 7 are welded, which also is implemented from the inside to the outside.
  • FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a strain sensor 2 partially welded onto a tube as shown in FIG. 2 b .
  • the tongues 7 are not yet welded.
  • the thick and thus very rigid end portions of the strain sensor 1 and the covers 5 as well as the signal lines 3 a , 3 b do not follow the curvature of the tube.
  • FIG. 5 a shows a completely welded-on strain sensor 1 .
  • FIG. 5 b shows an enlarged view of the function of the tongues 7 . It is apparent that the tongues 7 are differently deflected after their attachment to the tube surface.
  • FIG. 6 shows tongues 7 of different lengths, with the longest tongues located at the sensor end, since there the distance to the tube surface is the greatest.
  • FIG. 7 shows tongues 7 of different width, with the narrowest tongues located at the sensor end, since there the distance to the tube surface is the greatest and the deformation forces can be kept small by a narrow tongue.
  • the contact pressure required for spot welding can be kept approximately constant.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Optical Transform (AREA)
US16/336,434 2016-09-26 2017-07-24 Weldable strain sensor for curved surfaces Active US10502553B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016011610 2016-09-26
DE102016011610.2 2016-09-26
DE102016011610.2A DE102016011610B3 (de) 2016-09-26 2016-09-26 Anschweißbarer Dehnungssensor für gekrümmte Oberflächen
PCT/DE2017/000224 WO2018054404A1 (de) 2016-09-26 2017-07-24 ANSCHWEIßBARER DEHNUNGSSENSOR FÜR GEKRÜMMTE OBERFLÄCHEN

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20190219383A1 US20190219383A1 (en) 2019-07-18
US10502553B2 true US10502553B2 (en) 2019-12-10

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US16/336,434 Active US10502553B2 (en) 2016-09-26 2017-07-24 Weldable strain sensor for curved surfaces

Country Status (12)

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US (1) US10502553B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP3465078B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP6764527B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR102186967B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN109983300B (zh)
BR (1) BR112019000309B1 (zh)
DE (1) DE102016011610B3 (zh)
DK (1) DK3465078T3 (zh)
ES (1) ES2799874T3 (zh)
PT (1) PT3465078T (zh)
SG (1) SG11201902666YA (zh)
WO (1) WO2018054404A1 (zh)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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JP2022107207A (ja) * 2021-01-08 2022-07-21 日本電産コパル電子株式会社 トルクセンサ

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US9857250B2 (en) * 2013-12-27 2018-01-02 Cmiws Co., Ltd. Strain sensor and method for installing strain sensor
US10132700B2 (en) * 2011-11-15 2018-11-20 Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik Gmbh FBG strain sensor for curved surfaces

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JPS5478778A (en) 1977-12-05 1979-06-23 Taneo Iguchi Apparatus for cutting and crushing vinyl film
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EP1148324A2 (en) 2000-04-17 2001-10-24 NTT Advanced Technology Corporation Patch type optical fiber sensor
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JP2003090772A (ja) 2001-09-19 2003-03-28 Tomoyoshi Kaneko ひずみゲージ
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JP5478778B2 (ja) 2010-05-25 2014-04-23 サンドビク マイニング アンド コンストラクション オサケ ユキチュア 削岩リグ、その移動運転方法および速度制御装置
US10132700B2 (en) * 2011-11-15 2018-11-20 Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik Gmbh FBG strain sensor for curved surfaces
US9857250B2 (en) * 2013-12-27 2018-01-02 Cmiws Co., Ltd. Strain sensor and method for installing strain sensor

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3465078A1 (de) 2019-04-10
KR20190053252A (ko) 2019-05-17
BR112019000309B1 (pt) 2023-04-04
JP6764527B2 (ja) 2020-09-30
CN109983300A (zh) 2019-07-05
ES2799874T3 (es) 2020-12-22
DK3465078T3 (da) 2020-06-29
CN109983300B (zh) 2021-02-09
DE102016011610B3 (de) 2018-08-09
BR112019000309A2 (pt) 2019-04-16
WO2018054404A1 (de) 2018-03-29
EP3465078B1 (de) 2020-03-25
JP2019529886A (ja) 2019-10-17
US20190219383A1 (en) 2019-07-18
PT3465078T (pt) 2020-06-26
KR102186967B1 (ko) 2020-12-07
SG11201902666YA (en) 2019-05-30

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