TWI722328B - 含碘的光酸產生劑及包括其的組合物 - Google Patents
含碘的光酸產生劑及包括其的組合物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI722328B TWI722328B TW107137099A TW107137099A TWI722328B TW I722328 B TWI722328 B TW I722328B TW 107137099 A TW107137099 A TW 107137099A TW 107137099 A TW107137099 A TW 107137099A TW I722328 B TWI722328 B TW I722328B
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Abstract
一種光酸產生劑化合物,其具有式(I):
Description
本揭示大體上係關於包含光酸產生劑之聚合物組合物。具體言之,本揭示提供衍生自包含至少兩個碘原子之單體的共聚物。
極紫外微影(「EUVL」)為代替用於< 20 nm之特徵大小下之體積半導體製造之光學微影的領先技術選項之一。極短波長(13.4 nm)為在多代技術所需之高解析度的關鍵促成因素。另外,整個系統概念-掃描曝光、投影光學、光罩格式及抗蝕劑技術-與當前光學技術所使用之系統概念非常相似。與先前幾代微影一樣,EUVL由抗蝕劑技術、曝光工具技術及光罩技術組成。主要挑戰為EUV源功率及處理量。EUV電源之任何改良皆會直接影響當前嚴格的抗蝕劑敏感度規範。實際上,EUVL成像中之主要問題為抗蝕劑敏感度,敏感度愈低,所需之源功率愈大,或完全曝光抗蝕劑所需之曝光時間愈長。功率水平愈低,影響印刷線之線邊緣粗糙度(「LER」)的雜訊愈多。
已經表明,EUV光吸收截面及二次電子產生產率為EUV敏感度之關鍵因素。增加EUV光阻敏感度之一種方法為增加其在13.5 nm處之吸收截面,此為材料的原子性質,理論上可以使用已知原子吸收率來計算。構成抗蝕劑材料之典型原子,例如碳、氧、氫及氮,在13.5 nm下具有非常弱的吸收率。氟原子具有稍高的吸收率,並且已用於尋找高EUV吸收光阻。
碘在EUV輻射下具有非常高的吸收截面。最近的專利公開案JP 2015-161823揭示了含碘單體及可用於微影處理之對應聚合物。然而,所述公開案未揭示含碘的小分子光酸產生劑。仍然需要富含碘的抗蝕劑組分,其具有良好溶解性並且在EUV曝光下賦予改良之敏感度。
實施例提供一種具有式(I)之光酸產生劑化合物:其中,在式(I)中: 「I」表示碘; V為OR1
或C(=O)OR1
,其中R1
獨立地為H,或視情況包括選自O、S、N、P及F之1至5個雜原子且視情況包括酸可裂解基團、可聚合基團或其組合的經取代或未經取代之C1-30
烴基; W為單鍵或選自以下之基團:-(C=O)O-、-O(C=O)-、-O(SO2
)-、-(SO2
)O-、-NH(SO2
)-、-(SO2
)NH-、-NH(CO)-、-(CO)NH-、-SO2
-及-SO-; m為0或更大的整數; n為0或更大的整數; L為單鍵或選自以下之基團:經取代或未經取代之C1-20
伸烷基、經取代或未經取代之C1-20
伸雜烷基、經取代或未經取代之C3-20
伸環烷基,及經取代或未經取代之C3-20
伸雜環烷基、經取代或未經取代之C6-20
伸芳基,以及經取代或未經取代之C7-20
伸芳烷基;表示單環或多環未經取代或經取代之C6-30
伸芳基或單環或多環未經取代或經取代之C3-30
伸雜芳基,其中每一「*」指示連至相鄰基團或原子之連接點; G+
具有式(II):其中,在式(II)中: X為S或I, 每一Rc
為未經取代或經取代的,經鹵化或非鹵化的,且獨立地為C1-30
烷基;多環或單環C3-30
環烷基;多環或單環C4-30
芳基, 其中當X為S時,Rc
中之一者視情況連接至一個鄰近Rc
以形成環, 其中當X為I時,n為1或更大的整數, 其中當X為S時,n為0或更大的整數,限制條件為具有式(I)之所述光酸產生劑包括至少兩個碘原子, z為2或3,其中當X為I時,z為2,或當X為S時,z為3;且 Y為SO3
、CO2
、NHSO3
或O。
另一實施例提供一種光阻組合物化合物,其包含光酸產生劑化合物及共聚物。
另一實施例提供一種形成電子裝置之方法,包括: (a) 在基板之表面上方塗覆如技術方案第7項或第8項之光阻組合物之層; (b)將所述光阻組合物層逐圖案曝光於活化輻射;及 (c)使所述曝光之光阻組合物層顯影以提供抗蝕劑凸紋影像。
現將詳細參考例示性實施例,所述實施例之實例在附圖中示出,其中相同的元件符號在全文中指相同的元件。就此而言,本發明之例示性實施例可具有不同形式且不應被解釋為限於本文中所闡述之描述。因此,下文僅藉由參考諸圖描述例示性實施例以解釋本發明描述之態樣。如本文中所使用,術語「及/或」包含相關所列項中之一者或多者的任何及所有組合。當在元件清單之前時,諸如「……中之至少一者」之表達修飾元件之整個清單,且並不修飾清單之個別元件。
將理解,在元件稱為在另一元件「上」時,其可與另一元件直接接觸或在其間可存在介入元件。相比之下,當元件稱為「直接在」另一元件「上」時,不存在介入元件。
將理解,儘管可能在本文中使用術語第一、第二、第三等描述各種元件、組件、區、層及/或部分,但此等元件、組件、區、層及/或部分不應受此等術語限制。此等術語僅用於區分一個元件、組件、區、層或部分與另一元件、組件、區、層或部分。因此,在不脫離本發明實施例之教示的情況下,下文所論述之第一元件、組件、區、層或部分可被稱為第二元件、組件、區、層或部分。
本文中所使用之術語僅出於描述特定實施例之目的且並不意欲為限制性的。如本文中所使用,除非上下文另有清晰指示,否則單數形式「一」及「所述」意欲亦包含複數形式。
將進一步理解,術語「包括」或「包含」在用於本說明書中時指定所陳述特徵、區、整數、步驟、操作、元件及/或組件之存在,但不排除一個或多個其他特徵、區、整數、步驟、操作、元件、組件及/或其群組之存在或添加。
考慮到所討論之量測及與特定數量之量測相關之誤差(亦即,量測系統之限制),如本文中所使用之「約」或「近似」包含所陳述值並且意指在如一般熟習此項技術者所判定之特定值的可接受偏差範圍內。舉例而言,「約」可意指在一個或多個標準偏差內,或在所陳述值之±30%、20%、10%、5%內。
除非另外定義,否則本文中所使用之所有術語(包含技術及科學術語)具有與本發明所屬技術中一般熟習此項技術者通常所理解相同之含義。將進一步理解,諸如常用詞典中所定義之彼等術語的術語應被解釋為具有與其在相關技術及/或本揭示之上下文中之含義一致的含義,且除非本文中明確地如此定義,否則將不以理想化或過分正式意義進行解釋。
如本文中所使用,當未另外提供定義時,術語「烷基」指衍生自具有指定碳原子數且具有至少一個化合價之直鏈或支鏈飽和脂族烴的基團。
如本文中所使用,當未另外提供定義時,術語「氟烷基」指其中一個或多個氫原子被氟原子取代之烷基。
如本文中所使用,當未另外提供定義時,術語「烷氧基」指「烷基-O-」,其中術語「烷基」具有與上述相同的含義。
如本文中所使用,當未另外提供定義時,術語「氟烷氧基」指其中一個或多個氫原子被氟原子取代的烷氧基。
如本文中所使用,當未另外提供定義時,術語「環烷基」指具有一個或多個飽和環之單價基團,其中所有環成員皆為碳。
如本文中所使用,當未另外提供定義時,術語「烯基」指具有至少一個碳-碳雙鍵之直鏈或支鏈的單價烴基。
如本文中所使用,當未另外提供定義時,術語「烯基烷基」指「烯基-烷基-」,其中術語「烯基」及「烷基」具有與上述相同的含義。
如本文中所使用,當未另外提供定義時,術語「炔基」指具有至少一個碳-碳三鍵之直鏈或支鏈的單價烴基。
如本文中所使用,當未另外提供定義時,術語「炔基烷基」指「炔基-烷基-」,其中術語「炔基」及「烷基」具有與上述相同的含義。
如本文中所使用,當未另外提供定義時,單獨或組合使用的術語「芳基」指含有至少一個環且具有指定碳原子數之芳族或雜芳烴。術語「芳基」可解釋為包含具有與至少一個環烷基或雜環烷基環稠合之芳族或雜芳環的基團。「芳基」基團可包含獨立地選自氮(N)、氧(O)、P(磷)及硫(S)之一個或多個雜原子。
如本文中所使用,當未另外提供定義時,術語「芳氧基」指「芳基-O-」,其中術語「芳基」具有與上述相同的含義。
如本文中所使用,當未另外提供定義時,術語「芳烷基」指與連接於化合物之烷基共價連接的經取代或未經取代之芳基。
如本文中所使用,當未另外提供定義時,術語“伸烷基”指具有至少兩個化合價之直鏈或支鏈飽和脂族烴基,其視情況經指定的一個或多個取代基取代,其限制條件為化合價不超過伸烷基。
如本文中所使用,當未另外提供定義時,術語「伸環烷基」指具有至少兩個化合價之環烴基,其視情況經指定的一個或多個取代基取代,其限制條件為化合價不超過伸環烷基。
如本文中所使用,當未另外提供定義時,術語「伸芳基」指通過在芳環中除去兩個氫而獲得之具有至少兩個化合價的官能基,其視情況經指定的一個或多個取代基取代,其限制條件為化合價不超過伸芳基。
如本文中所使用,當未另外提供定義時,術語「伸芳烷基」指通過從經烷基取代之芳族化合物中除去兩個氫而獲得之具有至少兩個化合價的官能基,其視情況經指定的一個或多個取代基取代,其限制條件為化合價不超過伸芳烷基。
如本文中所使用,當未另外提供定義時,術語「伸雜芳基」指通過在雜芳環中除去兩個氫而獲得的具有至少兩個化合價的官能基,其視情況經指定的一個或多個取代基取代,其限制條件為化合價不超過伸雜芳基。
如上文所提及,增加EUV微影之敏感度的一種方法為增加光阻組合物在13.5 nm下之吸收截面。增強化學增幅型抗蝕劑在EUV波長下之吸收需要併入高吸收性元素。元素之EUV下的原子吸收截面在文獻中為已知的(參見例如:Fallica R.等人SPIE Advanced Lithography, 977612, 2016)及其中引用之參考)。用於有機化學增幅型抗蝕劑之分子及聚合物的元素構成主要限於碳、氫、氧及氮。此等元件在13.5 nm下具有極低吸收率。相比於氧原子,氟原子在13.5 nm下具有稍高的吸收率。Christianson等人探討氟原子至聚合物主鏈上之併入(參見Christianson等人, SPIE Advanced Lithography 868216, 2013)。碘原子在EUV下具有明顯更高的吸收截面。本發明之發明人發現了小分子光酸產生劑,其包含經一個或多個碘原子,較佳兩個或多於兩個碘原子取代之至少一個芳基,其中經碘取代之芳基可為光酸產生劑陽離子、光酸產生劑陰離子,或此兩者之一部分。
在式(I)中, 「I」表示碘,且(在下文中為「G」)表示單環或多環未經取代或經取代之C6-30
伸芳基或單環或多環未經取代或經取代之C3-30
伸雜芳基,其中每一「*」指示連至相鄰基團或原子之連接點。
定義基團V之數目之變數m可為0或更大的整數。當m為0時,基團V不存在,且在連至部分「G」之連接點處存在氫。當m大於0時,V可為OR1
或C(=O)OR1
,其中R1
獨立地為H,或視情況包括選自O、S、N、P及F之1至5個雜原子且視情況包括酸可裂解基團、可聚合基團或其組合的經取代或未經取代之C1-30
烴基。如本文中所使用,術語「酸可裂解基團」指藉由酸之作用水解的基團。此類酸可裂解基團已為一般熟習此項技術者所熟知。在實施例中,酸可裂解基團可為(i)第三C1-30
烷氧基(例如第三丁氧基)、第三C3-30
環烷氧基、第三C1-30
氟烷氧基,(ii)第三C3-30
烷氧基羰基烷基、第三C5-30
環烷氧基羰基烷基、第三C3-30
氟烷氧基羰基烷基,(iii)第三C3-30
烷氧基羰基烷氧基、第三C5-30
環烷氧基羰基烷氧基、第三C3-30
氟烷氧基羰基烷氧基,或(iv)包含部分-O-C(R11
R12
)-O-之C2-30
縮醛基(其中R11
R12
各自獨立地為氫或C1-30
烷基)。
W可單鍵或選自以下之基團:-(C=O)O-、-O(C=O)-、-O(SO2
)-、-(SO2
)O-、-NH(SO2
)-、-(SO2
)NH-、-NH(CO)-、-(CO)NH-、-SO2
-及-SO-。當W為單鍵時,基團L及「G」藉由單鍵彼此連接,且其間不存在中間基團。在實施例中,W可為單鍵或-(C=O)O-。
L可為單鍵或選自以下之二價基團:經取代或未經取代之C1-20
伸烷基、經取代或未經取代之C1-20
伸雜烷基、經取代或未經取代之C3-20
伸環烷基,及經取代或未經取代之C3-20
伸雜環烷基、經取代或未經取代之C6-20
伸芳基,以及經取代或未經取代之C7-20
伸芳烷基。當L為單鍵時,基團Y及W藉由單鍵彼此連接,且在其之間不存在中間基團。在實施例中,L可為單鍵或具有式-(CH2
)n1
-(CR2
R3
)n2
-之基團,其中R2
及R3
選自氫及氟,其限制條件為每一-(CR2
R3
)-中之R2
及R3
中之至少一者為氟,n1為0至10之整數,並且n2為1至10之整數。
Y為陰離子基團,其可為SO3
、CO2
、NHSO3
或O。
G+
表示具有式(I)之光酸產生劑化合物之陽離子部分。在實施例中,G+
可具有式(III)、(IV)或(V):其中 X為I或S, Rh
、Ri
、Rj
、Rk
及Rl
為未經取代或經取代的,且各自獨立地為羥基、腈、選自氟、氯、溴及碘之鹵素、C1-30
烷基、C1-30
氟烷基、C3-30
環烷基、C1-30
氟環烷基、C1-30
烷氧基、C3-30
烷氧基羰基烷基、C3-30
烷氧基羰基烷氧基、C3-30
環烷氧基、C5-30
環烷氧基羰基烷基、C5-30
環烷氧基羰基烷氧基、C1-30
氟烷氧基、C3-30
氟烷氧基羰基烷基、C3-30
氟烷氧基羰基烷氧基、C3-30
氟環烷氧基、C5-30
氟環烷氧基羰基烷基、C5-30
氟環烷氧基羰基烷氧基、C6-30
芳基、C6-30
氟芳基,C6-30
芳氧基、C6-30
氟芳氧基,或包括-O-C(R11
R12
)-O-之C2-30
縮醛基(其中R11
及R12
各自獨立地為氫或C1-30
烷基),其中之每一者為未經取代或經取代的; 其中Ri
、Rj
、Rk
及Rl
中之至少一者視情況經酸敏性基團、可聚合基團或其組合取代; Ar1
及Ar2
獨立地為C10-30
稠合或單鍵合之多環芳基; 其中X為S或I; p為整數2或3, 其中當X為I時,p為2,且其中當X為S時,p為3, q及r各自獨立地為0至5之整數, u為0至1之整數,其中當u為0時,X為I,且當u為1時,X為S,並且 s及t各自獨立地為0至4之整數。
在式(II)中,當X為S時,Rc
中之一者視情況連接至一個鄰近Rc
以形成環。
在式(III)、(IV)或(V)中,Rh
、Ri
、Rj
及Rk
中之至少一者可為酸可裂解基團。在實施例中,酸可裂解基團可為(i)第三C1-30
烷氧基(例如第三丁氧基)、第三C3-30
環烷氧基、第三C1-30
氟烷氧基,(ii)第三C3-30
烷氧基羰基烷基、第三C5-30
環烷氧基羰基烷基、第三C3-30
氟烷氧基羰基烷基,(iii)第三C3-30
烷氧基羰基烷氧基、第三C5-30
環烷氧基羰基烷氧基、第三C3-30
氟烷氧基羰基烷氧基,或(iv)包含部分-O-C(R11
R12
)-O-之C2-30
縮醛基(其中R11
R12
各自獨立地為氫或C1-30
烷基)。
此外,在式(III)、(IV)或(V)中,Rh
、Ri
、Rj
及Rk
中之至少一者可為可聚合基團。可聚合基團可為包含碳-碳雙鍵或碳-碳三鍵之基團。在實施例中,可聚合基團可包含C2-12
烯基、C2-12
炔基、丙烯醯基、2-(C1-12
-烷基)丙烯醯基、2-(C1-12
-氟烷基)丙烯醯基、2-氰基丙烯醯基或2-氟丙烯醯基作為其結構之部分或全部。
具有式(I)之光酸產生劑化合物可包含酸可裂解基團及可聚合基團兩者。
具有式(I)之光酸產生劑化合物可包含至少兩個碘原子其可位於陽離子、陰離子或此兩者中。在式(II)中,當X為S時(亦即,當陽離子為鋶陽離子時),光酸產生劑化合物可包含至少兩個碘原子。至少兩個碘原子可位於鋶陽離子、陰離子或這兩者中。在式(II)中,當X為I時(亦即,當陽離子為碘陽離子時),除了碘陽離子之帶正電碘原子之外,光酸產生劑化合物亦可包含至少一個碘原子。至少一個碘原子可位於碘陽離子、陰離子或這兩者中。在一些實施例中,光酸產生劑化合物可包含2個、3個、4個、5個、6個、7個、8個、9個或10個碘原子。在其他實施例中,G+
可包含一個、兩個、三個、四個或五個碘原子。
本揭示之實施例提供一種光阻組合物,其包含上述光酸產生劑化合物及共聚物。共聚物可包含所表示之可酸脫保護(acid-deprotectable)單體、鹼溶性單體及含內酯單體。
在式(VI)中,Rb
可獨立地為H、未經取代或經取代之C1-20
烷基、未經取代或經取代之C3-20
環烷基、未經取代或經取代之C6-20
芳基,或未經取代或經取代之C7-20
芳烷基,並且每一Rb
可為分開的,或者至少一個Rb
可與鄰近Rb
鍵合以形成環狀結構。在實施例中,式(VI)中包含Rb
之第三基團可為第三丁基。在另一實施例中,式(VI)可包含併有兩個或多於兩個諸如1-甲基環戊基、1-乙基環戊基及1-甲基環己基及其類似者之Rb
基團的環烷基結構。
在式(VII)中,Q1
可為含酯或不含酯的基團,其選自未經取代或經取代之C1-20
烷基、未經取代或經取代之C3-20
環烷基、未經取代或經取代之C6-20
芳基,及未經取代或經取代之C7-20
芳烷基。在實施例中,在包含酯之情況下,酯可在Q1
與連至雙鍵之連接點之間形成連接鍵。以此方式,在Q1
為酯基之情況下,式(VII)可為(甲基)丙烯酸酯單體。在另一實施例中,在不包含酯之情況下,Q1
可為芳族,使得式(VII)可為例如苯乙烯類單體或乙烯萘甲酸單體。Q1
可為氟化或非氟化的。此外,在式(VII)中,a可為1至3之整數,例如,a可為1或2。
同樣在式(VII)中,W可為包括選自-C(=O)-OH;-C(CF3
)2
OH;-NH-SO2
-Y1
中之至少一種的鹼反應性基團,其中Y1
可為F或C1-4
全氟烷基;-OH;及任何前述物質與乙烯基醚之加合物。在實施例中,在Q1
為非芳族之情況下,(例如,在式(VII)包含具有酯連接之烷基或環烷基Q1
的(甲基)丙烯酸酯結構之情況下),W可為-C(CF3
)2
OH。在另一實施例中,在Q1
為芳族之情況下(例如,在Q1
為酯連接或非酯連接的並且為諸如苯基或萘基之芳族基的情況下),W可為OH或-C(CF3
)2
OH。預期任何鹼反應性基團可進一步受酸可分解的縮醛離去基團保護(例如,具有通式結構-O-CH(R')-O-R'',其中R'可為甲基、乙基或其他烷基)。此類基團為乙烯基醚之加合物,諸如乙基乙烯基醚、丙基乙烯基醚,第三丁基乙烯基醚、環己基乙烯基醚、1-金剛烷羧酸之2-乙烯基氧基乙基酯、2-萘甲醯基乙基乙烯基醚,或其他此類乙烯基醚。
在式(VIII)中,L可為單環、多環或稠合多環C4-20
含內酯基團。可包含這類內酯基團以改良所述聚合物至基板之黏著力,且緩和聚合物在鹼顯影劑中之溶解。在實施例中,L可為經由單環環碳連接至(甲基)丙烯酸酯部分之單環C4-6
內酯;或L可為基於降冰片烷型結構之C6-10
稠合多環內酯。
應瞭解,在式(VIIIa)中,R可為單獨的,或可連接至內酯環及/或一個或多個R基團,且甲基丙烯酸脂部分可直接地或經由R間接地連接至內酯環。
包含共聚物及如本文中所揭示之光酸產生劑的光阻組合物可用以提供包含光阻劑之層。經塗佈基板可由光阻組合物形成。此類經塗佈基板包含:(a)具有待在表面上圖案化之一個或多個層的基板;及(b)在待圖案化之一個或多個層上方的光阻組合物之層。
基板可具有任何尺寸及形狀,且較佳為適用於光微影之基板,諸如矽;二氧化矽;絕緣體上矽(SOI);應變矽;砷化鎵;經塗佈基板,包含用氮化矽、氮氧化矽、氮化鈦、氮化鉭塗佈之基板;超薄閘氧化物,諸如氧化鉿;金屬或經金屬塗佈之基板,包含用鈦、鉭、銅、鋁、鎢、其合金塗佈之基板;及其組合。較佳地,本文中之基板表面包含待圖案化之臨界尺寸層,包含例如一個或多個閘級層或基板上用於半導體製造之其他臨界尺寸層。此類基板較佳可包含矽、SOI、應變矽及其他此類基板材料,形成為具有例如20 cm、30 cm或直徑更大之尺寸或適用於晶圓製造生產之其他尺寸的圓形晶圓。
此外,形成電子裝置之方法包含(a)在基板表面上塗覆(鑄造)上述光阻組合物之層;(b)將光阻組合物層逐圖案曝光於活化輻射;及(c)使經曝光之光阻組合物層顯影以提供抗蝕劑凸紋影像。
塗覆可藉由任何適合的方法達成,包含旋塗、噴塗、浸塗、刀片刮抹或其類似方法。塗覆光阻層較佳藉由使用塗佈軌道在溶劑中旋塗光阻劑來達成,其中光阻劑分配於旋轉晶圓上。在分配期間,晶圓可以高達4,000轉/分鐘(rpm),較佳約200至3,000 rpm,且更佳1,000至2,500 rpm之速度旋轉。旋轉經塗佈晶圓以移除溶劑,且在熱板上烘烤以自膜中移除殘餘溶劑及自由體積而使其均勻緻密。
鑄造溶劑可為一般熟習此項技術者已知的任何適合溶劑。舉例而言,鑄造溶劑可為脂族烴(諸如己烷、庚烷及其類似物)、芳族烴(諸如甲苯、二甲苯及其類似物)、鹵化烴(諸如二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、1-氯己烷及其類似物)、醇(諸如甲醇、乙醇、1-丙醇、異丙醇、第三丁醇、2-甲基-2-丁醇、4-甲基-2-戊醇及其類似物)、水、醚(諸如乙醚、四氫呋喃、1,4-二噁烷、苯甲醚及其類似物)、酮(諸如丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基異丁基酮、2-庚酮、環己酮及其類似物)、酯(諸如乙酸乙酯、乙酸正丁酯、丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯(「PGMEA」)、乳酸乙酯、乙醯乙酸乙酯及其類似物)、內酯(諸如 -丁內酯、 -己內酯及其類似物)、腈(諸如乙腈、丙腈及其類似物)、非質子性雙極性溶劑(諸如二甲亞碸、二甲基甲醯胺及其類似物),或其組合。鑄造溶劑之選擇取決於特定光阻組合物且可由一般熟習此項技術者基於知識及經驗容易地製造。
隨後使用諸如步進器之曝光工具來進行逐圖案曝光,其中膜經由圖案光罩輻照且由此逐圖案曝光。所述方法較佳使用在具有高解析度之波長(包含EUV或電子束輻射)下產生活化輻射的進階曝光工具。應瞭解,使用活化輻射之曝光使曝光區域中之PAG分解且產生酸及分解副產物,且酸或副產物隨後實現聚合物及奈米粒子中之化學變化(脫除酸敏性基團以產生鹼溶性基團,或者在曝光區域中催化交聯反應)。此類曝光工具之解析度可小於30 nm。
隨後,藉由用能夠選擇性地移除膜之曝光部分(其中光阻劑為正型)或移除膜之未曝光部分(其中光阻劑在曝光區域中可交聯,亦即,為負型)的適合顯影劑處理曝光層來達成對經曝光之光阻層顯影。較佳地,光阻劑為負型,基於具有抑制奈米粒子溶解之側接及/或游離酸基團或副產物(在輻照後衍生自結合或游離PAG)的聚合物,且顯影劑較佳基於溶劑。圖案通過顯影而形成。溶劑顯影劑可為本領域中已知的任何適合之顯影劑。舉例而言,溶劑顯影劑可為脂族烴(諸如己烷、庚烷及其類似物)、芳族烴(諸如甲苯、二甲苯及其類似物)、鹵化烴(諸如二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、1-氯己烷及其類似物)、醇(諸如甲醇、乙醇、1-丙醇、異丙醇、第三丁醇、2-甲基-2-丁醇、4-甲基-2-戊醇及其類似物)、水、醚(諸如乙醚、四氫呋喃、1,4-二噁烷、苯甲醚及其類似物)、酮(諸如丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基異丁基酮、2-庚酮、環己酮及其類似物)、酯(諸如乙酸乙酯、乙酸正丁酯、丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯(「PGMEA」)、乳酸乙酯、乙醯乙酸乙酯及其類似物)、內酯(諸如 -丁內酯、 -己內酯及其類似物)、腈(諸如乙腈、丙腈及其類似物)、非質子性雙極性溶劑(諸如二甲亞碸、二甲基甲醯胺及其類似物),或其組合。在實施例中,溶劑顯影劑可為可混溶的溶劑混合物,例如醇(異丙醇)與酮(丙酮)之混合物。顯影劑溶劑之選擇取決於特定光阻組合物且可由一般熟習此項技術者基於知識及經驗容易地製造。
當在一個或多個此類圖案形成過程中使用時,光阻劑可用於製造電子及光電子裝置,諸如記憶體裝置、處理器晶片(CPU)、圖形晶片及其他此類裝置。
在下文中,參考實例更詳細地說明本揭示。然而,此等實例為例示性的且本揭示不限於此。 實例
此等實例中所用單體之縮寫字及化學結構呈現在表1中。命名為PPMA/aGBLMA/DiHFA/ECPPDPS F2(36/48/11/5)之共聚物A的合成描述於Aqad等人之美國專利公開案第US 2017/0248844 A1號中。命名為ECPPDBT Cl (5
)之鹽的合成描述於Cameron等人之美國專利公開案第US 2014/0080058 A1號中。3,5-二碘水楊酸鋰鹽購自Aldrich且按原樣使用。鹽DTBPI Ac購自Heraeus Precious Metals North America Daychem LLC且按原樣使用。 表1 實例 1 :光活性化合物合成 1a )光酸產生劑 ECPPDBT TIP-TFBA
命名為ECPPDBT TIP-TFBA之光酸產生劑的合成方案總結於圖1中。在80℃下加熱2,3,5-三碘苯甲酸(1
,25g)在50 ml亞硫醯二氯中之懸浮液。在一小時之後獲得澄清溶液。在80℃下再持續加熱一小時。將反應混合物冷卻至室溫,且在減壓下移除亞硫醯氯。將所得產物溶解於甲苯中,且將溶劑在減壓下蒸發至乾燥。將乾燥的2,3,5-三碘苯甲醯氯添加至11.25g 4-溴-3,3,4,4-四氟丁醇在100 mL乙腈中之溶液中。添加吡啶(5.20g)且將混合物在室溫下攪拌3小時。將溶劑在減壓下蒸發至乾燥,且將殘餘物溶解於100 mL二氯甲烷中,用100 ml 0.1N HCl且用100 ml水洗滌兩次。在減壓下移除二氯甲烷,且將粗產物溶解於100 mL乙腈中。將乙腈溶液添加至由17.2g二硫酸鈉及12.5g碳酸氫鈉製成之混合物中,且將混合物在80℃下攪拌16小時。將反應冷卻至室溫,並且分離有機相,且用10g 30%過氧化氫在50℃處理5小時。濃縮乙腈溶液以產生粗鈉鹽TIP-TFBS(3
),其未經進一步純化即用於下一步驟中。
將粗鈉鹽TIP-TFBS(3
,8.0g)及0.95當量ECPPDBT CL(5
)在100 ml二氯甲烷及100 ml水中混合,且在室溫下攪拌16小時。分離有機相,且用100 mL去離子水洗滌兩次。在減壓下完全移除來自有機相的溶劑,並使用體積3/1之二氯甲烷/丙酮藉由急驟層析純化。合併含有產物之餾分,且在減壓下移除溶劑以產生白色固體,將其溶於20 ml二氯甲烷中。將溶液倒入200 ml體積1/1之甲基第三丁基醚/庚烷中,以產生5.3 g純的光酸產生劑化合物ECPPDBT TIP-TFBS(10
)。1b )光活性猝滅劑 DTBPI DISA
命名為DTBPI DISA之光活性猝滅劑的合成方案總結於圖2中。將DTBPI Ac(11.4 g,25.2 mmol)及3,5-二碘水楊酸鋰鹽(10 g,25.26 mmol)在100 ml水及100 ml二氯甲烷中之溶液在室溫下攪拌6小時。分離有機相且用50 mL去離子水洗滌5次。將有機相分離且濃縮。將所得殘餘物溶解於30 mL丙酮中且倒入300 mL庚烷中以沈澱產物DTBPI DISA,將所述產物過濾且乾燥。產量- 14.2 g。1c )光酸產生劑 IPDPS PFBuS
命名為IPDPS PFBuS之光酸產生劑的合成方案總結於圖3中。將二苯亞碸(10 g,49.44mmol)及碘苯(10 g,49mmol)添加至100 mL伊頓試劑(Eaton's reagent),且將混合物在室溫下攪拌過夜。將混合物倒入200 g碎冰中。用甲基第三丁基醚萃取未反應的有機物且棄去,並且將16.7 g全氟丁烷磺酸C4
F9
SO3
K)及200 ml二氯甲烷添加至水相。將混合物在室溫下攪拌15分鐘,並且分離CH2
Cl2
且用100 mL去離子水洗滌5次。收集有機相,且將溶劑在減壓下蒸發至乾燥。將產物在減壓下進一步乾燥以產生產物IPDPS PFBuS。產量- 25.8 g。1d )光酸產生劑 DTBPI 4IP-TFBS
命名為DTBPI 4IP-TFBS之光酸產生劑的合成方案總結於圖4中。將三乙胺(6g)添加至4-碘苯甲醯氯(13.1 g,49.16 mmol)及4-溴-3,3,4,4-四氟丁醇(11.0 g,48.88 mmol)在150 mL四氫呋喃中之溶液,且將混合物在室溫下攪拌16小時。過濾所得鹽,且在減壓下完全移除THF四氫呋喃。將所得殘餘物溶解於150 mL二氯甲烷中,且用1 N鹽酸水溶液洗滌兩次,然後用100 ml去離子水洗滌一次。分離有機相,且完全移除溶劑以產生為油狀殘餘物之產物7
(產量19.5g)。
將由過二硫酸鈉(7.5 g,43.10 mmol)及碳酸氫鈉(5.5 g, 65.5 mmol)製成之水溶液添加至化合物7(10 g, 22 mmol)在200 mL乙腈之溶液中且將混合物在75℃下攪拌16小時。將混合物冷卻至室溫且移除下部水層。將上部有機層轉移至燒瓶中。向有機層中添加過氧化氫(10 g 30重量%溶液),且將混合物在室溫下攪拌52小時。過濾溶液以移除鹽,且在減壓下蒸餾除去溶劑,以產生膠狀粗產物。將自前一步驟獲得之粗產物9懸浮於100 mL水中且與DTBPI Ac(10,7.9 g,17.5 mmol)之懸浮液混合。將所得混合物在室溫下攪拌6小時。分離有機相,用100 mL去離子水洗滌兩次,濃縮並倒入庚烷中,以獲得產物DTBPI 4IP-TFBS(11),藉由過濾收集且乾燥所述產物。產量7.5 g。實例 2 :光阻組合物之製備 調配物
含有共聚物比較例之光阻組合物或本發明光酸產生劑各自獨立地配製,如表2中所總結。表2中之組分量係按總固體(不包含溶劑)計。在兩個實例中使用相同莫耳的PAG載量。
列於表2中之調配物含有70:30(w/w)乳酸乙酯/2-羥基異丁酸甲酯的混合物作為溶劑,並且在110℃之軟烘烤下處理抗蝕劑90秒且在100℃下處理曝光後基底60秒。EUV 輻射透射計算
透射計算結果例示了將碘原子併入光酸產生劑中對EUV輻射(13.5 nm)下之膜透射率的影響。由光阻劑組合物1及2製成之膜在EUV曝光(13.5 nm)下之透射由Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory網站之X-Ray Optics藉由輸入計算之組成分子式且假設聚合物密度為1.20 g/cm3
且膜厚度為60 nm而計算得到。表2展示兩種組合物之經計算透射%。根據本揭示之實施例,包括光酸產生劑ECPPDBT TIP-TFBS之組合物2展示較低透射率。對比曲線
使用LithoTech Japan EUVES-9000整片曝光(flood exposure)工具獲得EUV曝光源(13.5 nm)之對比曲線量測結果。將抗蝕劑旋塗於有機底層或矽晶圓上且在110℃下烘烤90秒,以形成40至50 nm厚的光阻膜。將抗蝕劑以逐步方式曝光於逐漸增加的13.5 nm輻射劑量,在100℃下曝光後烘烤60秒,且用0.26 N四甲基氫氧化銨水溶液顯影60秒,以形成曝光及未曝光區域之凸紋影像圖案。使用KLA Thermawave-7橢偏儀量測各曝光區域之厚度且相對於劑量標繪。在10%或更小殘餘膜厚度下計算劑量清除值(E0
)。如自表3可見,根據本揭示之實施例,相比於為比較實例之光阻組合物2,光阻組合物2在EUV輻照下展現較小E0
。 表3 實例 3 : EUV 輻射透射計算
由組合物實例製成之膜在EUV曝光(13.5 nm)下之透射由Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory網站之X-Ray Optics藉由輸入計算之組成分子式而計算得到。表4展示由光敏性化合物(展示在圖5中)製成之膜在60 nm膜厚度下的計算透射%,假定膜密度為1 g/cm3
。 表4
使用此等參數,由含鋶兩性離子(DPS-PTFBS)製成之膜的透射率為76.30%,且由含碲兩性離子DPTe-PTFB製成之膜的透射%為69.20%。此表明相比於硫類似物,含碲兩性離子化合物之透射率更小或吸收率更大。
表5展示由包含基質聚合物及光酸產生劑(P1(展示在圖5中)之組合物製成之膜在60 nm膜厚度下的計算透射%,假定膜密度為1.2 g/cm3
。比較組合物C1包含聚合物P1及不含碘的光酸產生劑PAG1。根據本揭示之實施例,組合物I1至I3包含聚合物P1且分別包含含碘的光酸產生劑PAG2、PAG3及PAG4。如自表5可見,包含PAG2、PAG3及PAG4之調配物獲得更少透射。 表5
儘管已結合目前視為實用例示性實施例之內容來描述本揭示,但應理解,本發明不限於所揭示之實施例,而相反地,本發明意欲涵蓋包含在所附申請專利範圍之精神及範疇內的各種修改及等效配置。
本揭示之上述及其他態樣、優點及特徵藉由參考隨附圖式更詳細地描述其例示性實施例而變得更顯而易見,在圖式中: 圖1為展示命名為ECPPDBT TIP-TFBA之光酸產生劑之合成的示意圖; 圖2為展示命名為IPDPS PFBuS之光酸產生劑之合成的示意圖; 圖3為展示命名為IPDPS PFBuS之光酸產生劑之合成的示意圖; 圖4為展示命名為DTBPI 4IP-TFBS之光酸產生劑之合成的示意圖;且 圖5展示本申請之工作實例中所描述之光酸產生劑化合物PAG1至PAG4及聚合物P1的結構。
Claims (9)
- 一種光酸產生劑化合物,其具有式(I):
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之光酸產生劑化合物,其中W為單鍵或-(C=O)O-。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之光酸產生劑化合物,其中所述光酸產生劑化合物I包括兩個、三個、四個或五個碘原子。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之光酸產生劑化合物,其中G+具有式(III)、(IV)或(V):
- 一種光阻組合物,其包括如申請專利範圍第1項至第6項中任一項之光酸產生劑化合物及共聚物。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之光阻組合物,其中所述共聚物包括由式(VI)表示之可酸脫保護單體、由式(VII)表示之鹼溶性單體及由式(VIII)表示之含內酯單體。
- 一種經塗佈基板,其包括:(a)具有待在表面上圖案化之一個或多個層的基板;及(b)在待圖案化之所述一個或多個層上方的如申請專利範圍第6項或第7項之光阻組合物之層。
- 一種形成電子裝置之方法,所述方法包括:(a)在基板之表面上方塗覆如申請專利範圍第6項或第7項之光阻組合物之層;(b)將所述光阻組合物層逐圖案曝光於活化輻射;及(c)使所述曝光之光阻組合物層顯影以提供抗蝕劑凸紋影像。
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