TWI668137B - 混合動力四輪驅動車 - Google Patents

混合動力四輪驅動車 Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI668137B
TWI668137B TW107113290A TW107113290A TWI668137B TW I668137 B TWI668137 B TW I668137B TW 107113290 A TW107113290 A TW 107113290A TW 107113290 A TW107113290 A TW 107113290A TW I668137 B TWI668137 B TW I668137B
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
transmission
wheel
engine
motor
torque
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TW107113290A
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English (en)
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TW201841784A (zh
Inventor
桑原清二
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日商豐田自動車股份有限公司
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/22—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or type of main drive shafting, e.g. cardan shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/344—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having a transfer gear
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/344—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having a transfer gear
    • B60K17/346—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having a transfer gear the transfer gear being a differential gear
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/344—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having a transfer gear
    • B60K17/346—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having a transfer gear the transfer gear being a differential gear
    • B60K17/3462—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having a transfer gear the transfer gear being a differential gear with means for changing distribution of torque between front and rear wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/356—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/442—Series-parallel switching type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2300/00—Purposes or special features of road vehicle drive control systems
    • B60Y2300/80—Control of differentials
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S903/951—Assembly or relative location of components

Abstract

[課題]提供一種可以藉由引擎而將前後的四輪驅動，並且在動能回收效率優異，且前輪驅動的馬達的搭載性優異的混合動力四輪驅動車。 　　[技術內容]具備：被配置於前輪(4)側的引擎(1)、及第1電動機(7)、及將排氣朝向後方排出的排氣管路(17)、及將引擎(1)輸出的動力傳達至後輪(3)的第1傳動軸(12)、及將引擎(1)輸出的動力分割至前輪(4)側的分動部(11)、及從分動部(11)朝前輪(4)將驅動力傳達的第2傳動軸(13)、及從前輪(4)接受扭矩的具有發電功能的第2電動機(20)，第2傳動軸(13)，是在車體(2)的寬度方向將第1傳動軸(12)挾持地被配置於排氣管路(17)相反側，第2電動機(20)是與第2傳動軸(13)連結。

Description

混合動力四輪驅動車
本發明，是有關於混合動力車輛，驅動力源具備內燃機關(引擎)及馬達(或是具有發電功能的馬達)，可以將前輪及後輪驅動行走者。
這種的混合動力車的一例是如專利文獻1。在專利文獻1的第1圖中記載了，將引擎及後驅動馬達及變速機，從車輛的前側依序配列，並且將後傳動軸連結在變速機，引擎是將後輪驅動地構成，將前驅動馬達配置在該引擎的吸氣側，並且將該前驅動馬達透過傳動機構與前輪連結的構成。在此引用文獻1的第1圖的構成中，藉由不設置分動部和前傳動軸的構成，就可以將驅動馬達和傳動機構，進一步藉由引擎被驅動的發電馬達，不會與其他的零件干涉地搭載。 [習知技術文獻] [專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]日本特開2016-2772號公報
在專利文獻1的第1圖所示的構成中，藉由前驅動馬達將左右的前輪驅動，使車輛的整體成為四輪驅動車。該前驅動馬達，是在將左右的車輪的驅動軸連結的軸線上被配置於鄰接於引擎的位置。因為左右的車輪是由1台的前驅動馬達被驅動，所以為了在繞轉時等可差動旋轉，前差動齒輪是成為必須。該前差動齒輪，是為了將左右的驅動軸的長度的相異儘可能小，而配置於車輛的寬度方向的中央部較佳，如此的話前差動齒輪及引擎的干涉容易產生。在專利文獻1的第1圖的構成中，除了前驅動馬達以外，因為更將這種前差動齒輪配置於前輪側，所以空間上的限制是進一步變大。因此，將前驅動馬達和前差動齒輪或是前驅動馬達與前差動齒輪等連結的傳動機構等就不得不小型化，作為四輪驅動車的話，具有驅動力特性被限制的可能性。進一步，在專利文獻1的第1圖的構成中，成為將前驅動馬達和傳動機構在車寬度方向鄰接於引擎地配置。因此，車輛的前側的重量是在後側比較大，且重心位置是比車輛的前後方向的中央部更朝前側偏，其結果，對於車輛的行走穩定性和繞轉特性等具有導致負面影響的可能性。
本發明是著眼於上述的技術的課題者，其目的是提供一種混合動力四輪驅動車，可以藉由引擎將前後的四輪驅動，並且對於將前輪驅動的馬達的空間上的限制儘可能地減少，提高將前輪驅動的馬達的搭載性。
為了達成上述的目的，本發明的一種混合動力四輪驅動車，是具有：設於車體的前側或是後側的第1驅動輪、及設於在前述車體的前後方向位於前述第1驅動輪相反側的第2驅動輪，且具備：在前述車體的前後方向被配置於前述第1驅動輪側的引擎、及朝前述引擎輸出的扭矩加上扭矩的第1電動機、及將由前述引擎發生的排氣朝向前述車體的後方排出的排氣管路、及將前述引擎輸出的動力傳達至前述第2驅動輪的第1傳動軸、及將前述引擎輸出的動力分割至前述第1驅動輪側的分動部、及從前述分動部朝前述第1驅動輪將驅動力傳達的第2傳動軸、及從前述第1驅動輪接受扭矩的具有發電功能的第2電動機，前述第2傳動軸，是在前述車體的寬度方向將前述第1傳動軸挾持地被配置於前述排氣管路相反側，前述第2電動機，是與前述第2傳動軸連結。
本發明的混合動力四輪驅動車，是進一步具備將前述第2電動機及前述第2傳動軸可扭矩傳達地連結的傳動機構即可。
在本發明中，前述傳動機構，是由對於前述 第2電動機的旋轉數使前述第2傳動軸的旋轉數成為低旋轉數的減速機構所構成即可。
且在本發明中，前述傳動機構，是具有將前述第2電動機及前述第2傳動軸之間的扭矩的傳達選擇性地遮斷的卡合機構即可。
在本發明中，前述第2傳動軸，是朝向前述車體的前後方向被配置，並且具有：前述第1驅動輪側的第1端部、及在前述車體的前後方向位於前述第1端部相反側的第2端部，前述第2電動機，或是前述第2電動機及前述傳動機構，是被配置於前述第2端部側即可。
進一步，本發明的混合動力四輪驅動車，是前述第1驅動輪是前輪，前述第2驅動輪是後輪即可。
在本發明中，進一步具備與前述引擎的輸出側連結的變速機，前述變速機，是具備切換：傳達動力的卡合狀態、及將動力的傳達遮斷的解放狀態的離合器機構即可。
在本發明中，前述第1電動機，是在前述變速機的輸入側被配置於與前述引擎相同軸線上，前述分動部，是與前述變速機的輸出側連結即可。
在本發明中，前述第2電動機，是被配置於比前述分動部更靠近前述第2驅動輪側即可。
在本發明中，前述第1電動機，是具備發電功能的電動機即可。
依據本發明的話，將第2電動機連結於在分動部及第1驅動輪之間將扭矩傳達的第2傳動軸，因此第2電動機，是與第2傳動軸一起將第1傳動軸挾持地被配置於排氣管路相反側。因此，可以有效利用將第1傳動軸挾持的排氣管路相反側的空間地將第2電動機配置。換言之，第2電動機和其他的零件，不易受到空間上的限制，不需要特別將既有的車體的構造或是車輛的構造變大，就可以構成雙馬達型式的混合動力四輪驅動車。
且將第2電動機與第2傳動軸連結的傳動機構是由減速機構所構成的情況，藉由將第2電動機作成高轉速型的電動機，就可以減小第2電動機的體格。因此，將第1傳動軸挾持的排氣管路相反側的空間即使是小的情況，也可以構成雙馬達型式的混合動力四輪驅動車。
進一步，藉由被設置在傳動機構的卡合機構而將第2電動機從第2傳動軸切離地構成的話，由引擎的驅動力或是引擎及第1電動機的驅動力行走的情況，可以迴避第2電動機不必要的連動旋轉，可以抑制動力損失。
在本發明中，將第2電動機配置於第2傳動軸的端部之中與第1驅動輪側相反側的端部側的話，因為第2傳動軸及第2電動機是位於第2傳動軸的長度方向彼此偏離的位置，所以第2傳動軸的外徑的限制減少而可以將第2傳動軸作成必要充分的粗度。
將引擎輸出的動力透過第1傳動軸朝後輪傳 達，並且透過分動部及第2傳動軸傳達至前輪地構成的情況時，因為在減速時可以從前輪朝第2電動機將扭矩傳達將第2電動機作為發電機的功能，所以藉由減速時的前輪的接地負荷變大或是滑差界限較高，就可以提高能量的動能回收效率。
在本發明中，藉由將具有離合器機構的變速機配置在引擎或是第1電動機及第1傳動軸之間，藉由引擎將第1電動機作為發電機動作，由其電力將第2電動機作為馬達動作，就可以使串聯模式成立。且，在由第2電動機行走的狀態下，藉由第1電動機將引擎發動將引擎始動等，就可以將驅動模式或是行走模式多樣化。
且藉由將第2電動機，配置於比變速機和分動部更靠近第2驅動輪側，就可以將第2電動機用的空間更寬，因此可以將第2電動機必要充分地變大等，第2電動機的車載性可提高。
在第1圖示意地顯示本發明的實施例的四輪驅動車的一例。第1圖是顯示主要動力傳動系，此所示的例，是以將引擎1配置於車體2的前側，將引擎1的動力傳達至後輪3的FR(前引擎後驅動)車為基礎的四輪驅動車的例。前輪4是相當於本發明的實施例中的第1驅動輪，後輪3是相當於本發明的實施例中的第2驅動輪。且，引擎1是在前輪4側且在左右的前輪4之間(車體2的寬度方向中的幾乎中央部)，朝向後輪3側(後)被配置。
變速機5是被配置在引擎1的輸出側，引擎1的輸出軸(曲柄軸:無圖示)是與變速機5的輸入軸(無圖示)連結。變速機5，重點是，可由可以將對於輸入旋轉數的輸出旋轉數的比率適宜地變更的機構，可以將有段變速機和變速比連續地變化的無段變速機等所構成。變速機5，更佳是，具備可以藉由卡合將扭矩傳達，藉由解放將扭矩的傳達遮斷地設定中立狀態的離合器機構6。
引擎1及變速機5，是被配置於同一的軸線上，在引擎1及變速機5之間，被配置有相當於本發明的實施例中的第1電動機的第1馬達發電機(MG1)7。第1馬達發電機7，主要是，將行走用的驅動力輸出，且將引擎1發動的扭矩輸出，進一步是由串聯混合動力模式進行發電。因此，第1馬達發電機7，是與引擎1的輸出軸或是變速機5的輸入軸連結。第2馬達發電機7，是與引擎1的輸出軸或是變速機5的輸入軸直接連結也可以，或是透過適宜的傳動機構8與引擎1的輸出軸或是變速機5的輸入軸連結即可。
將傳動機構8的一例在第2圖由骨架圖顯示。第2圖所示的例，是由行星齒輪機構9所構成的減速機構的例，具有：太陽齒輪9S、及對於太陽齒輪9S被配置於同心圓上的內齒齒輪也就是環形齒輪9R、及將與太陽齒輪9S及環形齒輪9R嚙合的小齒輪齒輪保持的載體9C。太陽齒輪9S是被配置於與引擎1的輸出軸或是變速機5的輸入軸相同軸線上。且，環形齒輪9R是被固定於外殼等的固定部10。進一步，載體9C是與引擎1的輸出軸或是變速機5的輸入軸連結。另一方面，第1馬達發電機7，是在與上述的行星齒輪機構9相同軸線上排列地配置，具備轉子7R及定子7S，轉子7R是與上述的太陽齒輪9S連結，定子7S是被固定於固定部10。如此，藉由採用行星齒輪機構9作為傳動機構8，將傳動機構8及第1馬達發電機7配置於與引擎1和變速機5相同的軸線上，來謀求動力傳動系的整體的小型化。尤其是動力傳動系的整體的最大外徑是變小地構成。
又，在本發明的實施例中，傳動機構8是由行星齒輪機構9所構成的動力分割機構也可以。將其一例在第3圖由骨架圖顯示。第3圖所示的例，是使用單小齒輪型的行星齒輪機構9的例，第1馬達發電機7是與太陽齒輪9S連結，引擎1的輸出軸是與載體9C連結，變速機5的輸入軸是與環形齒輪9R連結。在第3圖所示的構成中，引擎1輸出的動力是被分割成第1馬達發電機7及變速機5，第1馬達發電機7是藉由引擎1被旋轉而進行發電，將伴隨其的反力施加在太陽齒輪9S。因此，引擎1的旋轉數是藉由第1馬達發電機7而朝燃油經濟效率良好的旋轉數被控制，並且在變速機5中由引擎1的輸出扭矩及第1馬達發電機7所產生的反力扭矩是合計地被輸入。
又，將第1馬達發電機7與引擎1的輸出軸或是變速機5的輸入軸直接連結的情況時，將轉子7R直接嵌合在引擎1的輸出軸或是變速機5的輸入軸使一體化即可。
在變速機5的輸出側配置有四輪驅動用(4WD用)的分動部11。分動部11，是將引擎1輸出的動力或是從變速機5被輸出的扭矩分配至後輪3側及前輪4側的機構，相當於本發明的實施例中的第1傳動軸的後傳動軸12是被連結在朝後輪3側將扭矩輸出的構件(無圖示)，相當於本發明的實施例中的第2傳動軸的前傳動軸13是被連結在朝前輪4側將扭矩輸出的構件(無圖示)。
分動部11，是可以由使用鏈條和皮帶的捲掛傳動機構和齒輪機構所構成。且，分動部11，可以是由具備：可將前輪4及後輪3差動旋轉的差動機構、和將該差動旋轉藉由摩擦離合器等限制的差動限制機構，的差動機構所構成的全時四輪驅動機構；或是將朝前輪4側的扭矩的傳達選擇性地遮斷的分時四輪驅動機構等所構成。
後傳動軸12，是從變速機5或是分動部11朝車輛的後方延伸，與後差動齒輪14連結。後差動齒輪14，是朝左右的後輪3將扭矩傳達的終減速機。且，前傳動軸13，是朝車輛的前方延伸，與前差動齒輪15連結。後差動齒輪14，是朝左右的前輪4將扭矩傳達的終減速機。
引擎1，是將汽油等的燃料及空氣的混合氣燃燒使機械的動力發生的熱機關，具備複數氣筒16，並且具備將燃燒排氣排出用的排氣管路17。此排氣管路17是與習知所知的汽車用引擎中的排氣管路同樣地，具備：與各氣筒16連通的排氣多支管、及與該排氣多支管連通的排氣硬管，將燃燒排氣朝向車體2的後方排出地構成。在該排氣管路17的中途處，從排氣的流動方向的上游側，設有排氣淨化觸媒18及消音器19。
第1圖所示的引擎1，是氣筒16排列在直線上的直列引擎，在引擎1的右側或是左側的其中任一方側連接有排氣管路17。且，該排氣管路17，是通過對於引擎1和變速機5等排列的寬度方向的中心部朝右側或是左側的其中任一方側偏向的位置朝車體2的後方側延伸。對於此，前傳動軸13，是在車體2的寬度方向，將引擎1和變速機5等挾持地被配置於排氣管路17相反側。又，這些排氣管路17及前傳動軸13、變速機5、分動部11、以及後傳動軸12等，是被配置於無圖示的地板的下側(即底下)。
相當於本發明的實施例中的第2電動機的第2馬達發電機(MG2)20是被連結在上述的前傳動軸13。第2馬達發電機20是將行走用的驅動力輸出，且在減速時進行動能回收用者，採用例如永久磁鐵式的同步電動機的具有發電功能的馬達。第2馬達發電機20是與前傳動軸13直接連結也可以。且，透過適宜的傳動機構21使第2馬達發電機20及前傳動軸13被連結也可以。
第4圖是顯示該傳動機構21的一例的骨架圖，此所示的例，是具有行星齒輪機構22及卡合機構23及減速齒輪對24。行星齒輪機構22是以：太陽齒輪22S、及被配置於與太陽齒輪22S同心圓上的內齒齒輪也就是環形齒輪22R、及將與太陽齒輪22S及環形齒輪22R嚙合的小齒輪齒輪保持的載體22C，作為旋轉要素的單小齒輪型的行星齒輪機構，在前傳動軸13的車輛後方側被配置於與前傳動軸13相同軸線上。前傳動軸13是被連結在該載體22C，且在與環形齒輪22R及外殼等的規定的固定部10之間設有卡合機構23。卡合機構23，是藉由卡合將環形齒輪22R與固定部10連結將環形齒輪22R的旋轉停止，且藉由解放將環形齒輪22R的固定解除的機構，在卡合機構23中可以使用棘爪離合器等的嚙合式離合器或是摩擦式離合器等的機構。
在此，說明由設置上述的卡合機構23的功能及卡合機構23所產生的優點。將卡合機構23卡合的話，環形齒輪22R是被固定使行星齒輪機構22作為減速機構的功能，且將卡合機構23解放的話，成為反力不作用在環形齒輪22R使行星齒輪機構22(或是傳動機構21)不將扭矩傳達的中立狀態。因此，以將卡合機構23解放將前傳動軸13及第2馬達發電機20不傳達扭矩的方式切離的話，將引擎1作為驅動力源行走時第2馬達發電機20不會隨著旋轉。即，第2馬達發電機20的最大旋轉數即使在構造上被限制，仍可迴避將引擎1作為驅動力源由高車速(例如130km/h以上)行走的情況的前傳動軸13的旋轉數即車速，是藉由第2馬達發電機20被限制。
且由減速齒輪對24及行星齒輪機構22所產生的減速比愈大，第2馬達發電機20的旋轉數就成為對於規定的車速愈高旋轉數。但是，因為藉由將卡合機構23解放就可以將第2馬達發電機20從前傳動軸13切離，所以第2馬達發電機20藉由從前傳動軸13側被傳達的扭矩被強制地旋轉的情況時，藉由將卡合機構23解放，就可迴避第2馬達發電機20由高旋轉數被過度旋轉。換言之，藉由可以藉由卡合機構23將第2馬達發電機20從前傳動軸13切離，就可以加大由減速齒輪對24和行星齒輪機構22所產生的減速比，藉由這樣做，由第2馬達發電機20的驅動力行走的情況，例如由第2馬達發電機20的驅動力起步的情況，可以加大前輪4中的驅動力使起步加速性良好。
減速齒輪對24，是由：與太陽齒輪22S連結並與太陽齒輪22S成為一體的從動齒輪24a、及比該從動齒輪24a小徑(齒數少)的驅動齒輪24b所構成。且，第2馬達發電機20是被連結在該驅動齒輪24b。因此，第2馬達發電機20是作為馬達功能將扭矩輸出的情況，從動齒輪24a及與其一體的太陽齒輪22S是成為比第2馬達發電機20低旋轉數。且，卡合機構23卡合使環形齒輪22R被固定的情況時，對於成為輸入要素的太陽齒輪22S的旋轉數，成為輸出要素的載體22C的旋轉數是成為低旋轉數。因此，與載體22C連結的前傳動軸13的旋轉數是成為比第2馬達發電機20的旋轉數更低旋轉數。即，傳動機構21是整體成為減速機構。
在第4圖所示的構成中，第2馬達發電機20，是由前傳動軸13之中車體2的前後方向與後方側的端部連結。更具體而言，在比變速機5和分動部11更後方側且不與這些變速機5和分動部11等干涉處被配置有第2馬達發電機20。換言之，將在既有的四輪驅動車的底下產生的空間有效利用地配置有第2馬達發電機20和傳動機構21。因此，不需要變更加大既有的四輪驅動車的構造，就可以構成雙馬達式的混合動力車。且，第2馬達發電機20，是因為透過作為減速機功能的傳動機構21與前傳動軸13連結，所以第2馬達發電機20的扭矩是藉由傳動機構21被增幅地被傳達至前傳動軸13。因此，第2馬達發電機20，可以採用低扭矩高轉速型的馬達，藉由這樣做使第2馬達發電機20被小型化，朝車體2的搭載性更良好。
又，在第1圖中，符號Ft是顯示燃料槽桶，上述的第2馬達發電機20和傳動機構21，是被配置於不與燃料槽桶Ft干涉的位置。且，將第2馬達發電機20和傳動機構21優先地配置，即使隨其將燃料槽桶Ft的配置和形狀變更，如此的變更也不會特別將既有的車體2的構造大變更。
上述的第4圖所示的例，是將第2馬達發電機20及前傳動軸13可扭矩傳達地連結，且將其連結解開地構成的例，但是本發明的實施例不限定於第4圖所示的構成。在本發明的實施例中，第2馬達發電機20及前傳動軸13是時常可扭矩傳達地連結也可以，將其一例在第5圖顯示。此所示的例，是上述的第4圖所示的構成之中，將卡合機構23去除將環形齒輪22R安裝固定在固定部10，且將減速齒輪對24去除將第2馬達發電機20與載體22C直接連結的例。
在第5圖所示的構成中，在車輛行走的情況第2馬達發電機20是時常旋轉。因此，藉由在油門導通(ON)的狀態下朝第2馬達發電機20供給電力作為馬達動作，就可以將被傳達至前輪4的驅動扭矩藉由第2馬達發電機20輔助，且藉由在減速時藉由從前輪4被傳達的扭矩而將第2馬達發電機20作為發電機的功能，就可以進行動能回收。又，在第5圖所示的構成，因為行星齒輪機構22也作為減速機構的功能，所以將第2馬達發電機20作成低扭矩高轉速型者的話，可以達成其小型化。且，在第5圖所示的構成中，因為可以將第2馬達發電機20與行星齒輪機構22一起配置於前傳動軸13的延長線上，所以可以將車體2的前後方向的空間有效利用地將第2馬達發電機20及行星齒輪機構22配置。
且第6圖所示的例，是第4圖所示的構成之中，將行星齒輪機構22去除，並且將減速齒輪對24中的從動齒輪24a與前傳動軸13直接連結的例。在此第6圖所示的構成，在車輛行走的情況，第2馬達發電機20也時常旋轉。因此，藉由在油門導通(ON)的狀態下朝第2馬達發電機20供給電力作為馬達動作，就可以將被傳達至前輪4的驅動扭矩藉由第2馬達發電機20輔助，且藉由在減速時藉由從前輪4被傳達的扭矩而將第2馬達發電機20作為發電機的功能，就可以進行動能回收。且，在第6圖所示的構成中，與前述的第4圖所示的構成同樣地，成為將第2馬達發電機20對於前傳動軸13偏心(偏移)地配置。該情況，第2馬達發電機20是配置於後傳動軸12及前傳動軸13的中心軸線之間較佳。藉此，可以迴避：第2馬達發電機20及構成車體2的側構件(無圖示)的干涉。
進一步第7圖所示的例，是將第2馬達發電機20及行星齒輪機構22，配置於前傳動軸13的後端側(車體2的後方側)的端部的外周側的例。這些第2馬達發電機20及行星齒輪機構22，是在車體2的前後方向被配置於比分動部11更前側，該行星齒輪機構22中的太陽齒輪22S是中空狀(圓筒狀)的齒輪且被配置於與前傳動軸13同心圓上。且，第2馬達發電機20也構成中空狀地被配置於與前傳動軸13同心圓上。且，第2馬達發電機20的轉子是被連結在太陽齒輪22S。在第7圖所示的構成中，藉由將分動部11在車體2的前後方向朝後側移動在與變速機5之間將空間空出，就可以不會與變速機5干涉地將第2馬達發電機20及行星齒輪機構22配置。又，為了將前傳動軸13及第2馬達發電機20及行星齒輪機構22配置於同一軸線上，第2馬達發電機20或是行星齒輪機構22的外徑是為了避免周邊的其他的構件的干涉而被限制的情況，具有前傳動軸13的外徑是對應第2馬達發電機20或是行星齒輪機構22的外徑的限制而被限制的情況。因此，第7圖所示的構成，是可以適用在前輪4的驅動扭矩或是施加於前傳動軸13的扭矩小的車輛。
且第8圖所示的例，是將配置於與前傳動軸13同心圓上的構件，朝上述的第2馬達發電機20及行星齒輪機構22切換，作為第2馬達發電機20及減速齒輪對24的例。在第8圖所示的構成中，在變速機5及分動部11之間使空間被空出且在該空間被配置有第2馬達發電機20。與被安裝於該第2馬達發電機20的驅動齒輪24b嚙合的從動齒輪24a是嵌合於前傳動軸13並被一體化。在此第8圖所示的構成中，前傳動軸13的外徑不會特別被限制，但是後傳動軸12及第2馬達發電機20以及前傳動軸13因為是在車體2的寬度方向排列地配置，所以採用車寬度寬的車輛較佳。
本發明的實施例中的混合動力四輪驅動車，因為是具備如上述2個馬達發電機7、20，所以可以設定多樣的驅動狀態(動作狀態)。將該控制系統的一例參照第9圖進行說明。第9圖所示的例，是顯示具備第2圖所示的傳動機構8及第4圖所示的傳動機構21的四輪驅動車的控制系統。引擎1，是可以將節氣門開度和點火時期等電力地控制地構成。且，變速機5是可以將前進和後退等的行走值域和變速段等電力地控制的自動變速機。進一步，傳動機構21是可以將前述的卡合機構23的卡合/解放的控制電力地進行地構成。且，各馬達發電機7、20，是與包含蓄電裝置25a及逆變器25b的控制器25連接，藉由此控制器25而將各馬達發電機7、20作為馬達的功能，或是作為發電機的功能地構成。
設有將這些引擎1及變速機5、傳動機構21以及控制器25控制的電子控制裝置(ECU)26。ECU26，是以微電腦為主體地構成，使用被輸入的資料及預先記憶的資料進行運算，將運算的結果作為控制指令訊號輸出地構成。將該輸入資料的例舉例的話，驅動要求量也就是油門開度、車速、制動要求也就是制動器踏力或是制動器踏板的踩踏量、蓄電裝置中的充電殘量(SOC)、前輪4及後輪3的車輪速度(旋轉數)、引擎1的冷卻水溫度等。
將藉由ECU26被實行的控制的例在第10圖整理顯示。在第10圖中的「模式」的欄中，舉例藉由上述的混合動力四輪驅動車被設定的控制模式(行走模式)，「EV」是顯示不使用引擎1的驅動力的行走的純電行走模式，「ENG始動」是顯示將停止的引擎1始動的模式，「HV」是顯示由引擎1及其中任一的馬達發電機7、20的驅動力行走的混合動力模式，其中的「串聯」是由第1馬達發電機7發電的電力將第2馬達發電機20驅動行走的串聯模式，「並聯」是顯示由引擎1及各馬達發電機7、20的驅動力行走的並聯模式。且「T/M」的欄是顯示變速機5的動作狀態的欄，「N」是顯示不將扭矩傳達的中立狀態，「D‧R」是顯示行走值域在後退段或是前進狀態下的其中任一的變速段被設定。「卡合機構」的欄，是顯示前述的傳動機構21中的卡合機構23的動作狀態的欄，「導通(ON)」是將扭矩傳達的卡合狀態，「斷開(OFF)」是不將扭矩傳達的解放狀態，「導通(ON)‧斷開(OFF)」是顯示卡合及解放皆可。「ENG」的欄是顯示引擎1的動作狀態的欄，「斷開(OFF)」是停止狀態，「導通(ON)」是將驅動扭矩輸出的驅動狀態，「Drn」是顯示為了始動而被發動(起動)的被驅動狀態。「MG1」的欄是顯示第1馬達發電機7的動作狀態的欄，且「MG2」是顯示第2馬達發電機20的動作狀態的欄，各欄中的「斷開(OFF)」是停止狀態，「M」是作為馬達動作的狀態，「G」是作為發電機動作的狀態，「RG」是顯示進行動能回收發電的狀態。
SOC是充分地多，且油門開度小等的情況時，純電行走模式被設定。在此狀態下，在變速機5中以不將扭矩傳達的方式使規定的離合器或是制動器被解放，朝中立狀態被控制。引擎1是使燃料的供給和點火被停止朝停止狀態被控制。同樣地，第1馬達發電機7被停止。對於此第2馬達發電機20是作為馬達動作地被電力運行，為了將其驅動扭矩傳達至前輪4而使卡合機構23朝卡合狀態被控制。該情況，傳動機構21是如前述由減速機構所構成的話，因為第2馬達發電機20的扭矩是由傳動機構21被增大地被傳達至前傳動軸13，所以第2馬達發電機20即使是高旋轉數型的馬達發電機，也可以獲得必要充分的驅動扭矩。
又，在由純電行走模式行走的狀態下油門開度被減少，或是被制動器操作的情況，第2馬達發電機20是作為發電機的功能進行動能回收(RG)。該情況的發電能量，是藉由使前輪4由行走慣性力被旋轉，從前輪4被傳達至第2馬達發電機20的能量，藉由減速時的前輪4的接地負荷變大或是滑差界限較高，就可以加大動能回收扭矩和動能回收旋轉數，可效率良好地動能回收。
將引擎1始動用的發動是藉由第1馬達發電機7而進行。即，SOC是比規定值更下降的情況，或是引擎1的溫度是下降的情況、油門開度即驅動要求量增大的情況等，將引擎1始動的條件就成立。因此，第1馬達發電機7是作為馬達動作地被控制，且以使變速機5不將第1馬達發電機7的扭矩傳達的方式朝中立狀態被控制。又，第2馬達發電機20是對應車輛的狀態作為馬達功能地被控制，或是朝停止狀態被控制。同樣地，卡合機構23是對應車輛的狀態朝卡合狀態或是解放狀態被控制。
串聯模式，是藉由引擎1而將第1馬達發電機7驅動且藉由第1馬達發電機7而發電，由其電力將第2馬達發電機20作為馬達動作使該第2馬達發電機20的驅動扭矩行走的模式。因此，引擎1是朝驅動狀態被控制，且第1馬達發電機7是作為發電機功能地被控制。該情況，為了使引擎1的驅動扭矩不會朝後輪3被傳達地使變速機5朝中立狀態被控制。第2馬達發電機20是使由第1馬達發電機7發電的電力被供給而作為馬達的功能，為了將該驅動扭矩傳達至前輪4而使卡合機構23朝卡合狀態被控制。又，由此串聯模式減速的情況，藉由第2馬達發電機20而進行動能回收的動作是與純電行走模式的情況同樣。
且並聯模式，是由引擎1及2個馬達發電機7、20的驅動力行走的模式，因此對於上述的串聯模式中的動作狀態，第1馬達發電機7是藉由蓄電裝置的電力而作為馬達動作，且為了將引擎1的驅動扭矩傳達至後輪3，變速機5是朝設定規定的變速段(包含後退段)的狀態被控制。在此並聯模式中，因為引擎1及第1馬達發電機7輸出的驅動扭矩是透過變速機5被傳達至後輪3側，並且透過分動部11朝前輪4側被傳達，而且第2馬達發電機20的驅動扭矩是被附加在前輪4，所以車輛的整體的驅動力變大，可以作為惡路走破性(越野性能)和動力性能優異的混合動力四輪驅動車。又，在由並聯模式行走的狀態下減速的情況，因為可以從前輪4及後輪3朝各馬達發電機7、20將隨著行走慣性力的扭矩傳達，所以可將各馬達發電機7、20作為發電機的功能進行動能回收。此情況，因為前輪4中的接地負荷變大或是滑差界限較高，所以也可以效率良好地進行動能回收。
又，本發明不限定於上述的實施例顯示的構成，可以將申請專利範圍適宜地變更實施。其中一例，將引擎1在後輪3側朝向車體2的前方配置，引擎1的驅動扭矩是對於前輪4傳達，另一方面，從分動部11朝後輪3將驅動扭矩傳達地構成也可以。且，在傳動機構等使用行星齒輪機構的情況，將太陽齒輪和環形齒輪或是載體等的旋轉要素，適宜地，成為輸入要素和固定要素或是輸出要素地構成即可。
1‧‧‧引擎
2‧‧‧車體
3‧‧‧後輪
4‧‧‧前輪
5‧‧‧變速機
6‧‧‧離合器機構
7、20‧‧‧馬達發電機
7R‧‧‧轉子
7S‧‧‧定子
8‧‧‧傳動機構
9‧‧‧行星齒輪機構
9C‧‧‧載體
9R‧‧‧環形齒輪
9S‧‧‧太陽齒輪
10‧‧‧固定部
11‧‧‧分動部
12‧‧‧後傳動軸
13‧‧‧前傳動軸
14‧‧‧後差動齒輪
15‧‧‧前差動齒輪
16‧‧‧氣筒
17‧‧‧排氣管路
18‧‧‧排氣淨化觸媒
19‧‧‧消音器
21‧‧‧傳動機構
22‧‧‧行星齒輪機構
22C‧‧‧載體
22R‧‧‧環形齒輪
22S‧‧‧太陽齒輪
23‧‧‧卡合機構
24‧‧‧減速齒輪對
24a‧‧‧從動齒輪
24b‧‧‧驅動齒輪
25‧‧‧控制器
26‧‧‧電子控制裝置(ECU)
Ft‧‧‧燃料槽桶
[第1圖]顯示本發明的實施例中的混合動力四輪驅動車的主要動力傳動系的示意圖。
[第2圖]顯示與第1馬達發電機連結的傳動機構的一例的骨架圖。
[第3圖]顯示將與第1馬達發電機連結的傳動機構作為動力分割機構地構成的例的骨架圖。
[第4圖]顯示第2馬達發電機被連結的傳動機構的一例的骨架圖。 　　[第5圖]顯示第2馬達發電機被連結的傳動機構的其他例的骨架圖。 　　[第6圖]顯示第2馬達發電機被連結的傳動機構的另一個例的骨架圖。 　　[第7圖]顯示將第2馬達發電機及傳動機構與前傳動軸配置於同心圓上的例的骨架圖。 　　[第8圖]顯示將第2馬達發電機及傳動機構配置於比分動部更前側的例的骨架圖。 　　[第9圖]說明控制系統的一例用的方塊圖。 　　[第10圖]將在混合動力四輪驅動車被設定的模式及各模式中的引擎、變速機、卡合機構以及各馬達發電機的動作狀態整理顯示的圖表。

Claims (8)

  1. 一種混合動力四輪驅動車，是具有：設於車體的前側或是後側的第1驅動輪、及設於在前述車體的前後方向位於前述第1驅動輪相反側的第2驅動輪、及在前述車體的前後方向被配置於前述第1驅動輪側的引擎、及朝前述引擎輸出的扭矩加上扭矩的第1電動機、及將由前述引擎發生的排氣朝向前述車體的後方排出的排氣管路、及將前述引擎輸出的動力傳達至前述第2驅動輪的第1傳動軸、及將前述引擎輸出的動力分割至前述第1驅動輪側的分動部、及在前述車體的寬度方向中被設置在將前述第1傳動軸挾持的與前述排氣管路相反的側且從前述分動部朝前述第1驅動輪將驅動力傳達的第2傳動軸、及朝向前述第1驅動輪施加扭矩且從前述第1驅動輪接受扭矩的在使用中具有發電功能的第2電動機、及具備行星齒輪機構及卡合機構的傳動機構，前述傳動機構是選擇性地將前述第2電動機與前述第2傳動軸可扭矩傳達地連結，前述卡合機構，是藉由卡合，而成為經由前述行星齒輪機構將前述第2電動機的扭矩傳達至前述第2傳動軸的減速機構，且藉由解放，而成為不將扭矩經由行星齒輪機構朝前述減速機構傳達的中立狀態。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項的混合動力四輪驅動車，其中，前述第2傳動軸，是朝向前述車體的前後方向被配置，並且具有：前述第1驅動輪側的第1端部、及在前述車體的前後方向位於前述第1端部相反側的第2端部，前述第2電動機，是被配置於前述第2端部側。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項的混合動力四輪驅動車，其中，前述第2傳動軸，是朝向前述車體的前後方向被配置，並且具有：前述第1驅動輪側的第1端部、及在前述車體的前後方向位於前述第1端部相反側的第2端部，前述第2電動機及前述傳動機構，是被配置於前述第2端部側。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項的混合動力四輪驅動車，其中，前述第1驅動輪是前輪，前述第2驅動輪是後輪。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項的混合動力四輪驅動車，其中，進一步具備與前述引擎的輸出側連結的變速機，前述變速機，是具備切換：傳達扭矩的卡合狀態、及將扭矩的傳達遮斷的解放狀態的離合器機構。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第5項的混合動力四輪驅動車，其中，前述第1電動機，是在前述變速機的輸入側被配置於與前述引擎相同軸線上，前述分動部，是與前述變速機的輸出側連結。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第6項的混合動力四輪驅動車，其中，前述第2電動機，是被配置於比前述分動部更靠近前述第2驅動輪側。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項的混合動力四輪驅動車，其中，前述第1電動機，是具備發電功能。
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US20180304738A1 (en) 2018-10-25
MX2018004990A (es) 2018-11-09
MY190575A (en) 2022-04-27
JP6624151B2 (ja) 2019-12-25
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CN108725180A (zh) 2018-11-02
CN108725180B (zh) 2021-12-24
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