CN101492007A - 车辆混合动力传动系统 - Google Patents

车辆混合动力传动系统 Download PDF

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CN101492007A
CN101492007A CNA2009100022103A CN200910002210A CN101492007A CN 101492007 A CN101492007 A CN 101492007A CN A2009100022103 A CNA2009100022103 A CN A2009100022103A CN 200910002210 A CN200910002210 A CN 200910002210A CN 101492007 A CN101492007 A CN 101492007A
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motor
transmission system
assembly
power
torque
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CN101492007B (zh
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威廉·保罗·伯金斯
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
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    • B60K23/0808—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for for changing number of driven wheels, for switching from driving one axle to driving two or more axles for varying torque distribution between driven axles, e.g. by transfer clutch
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种车辆混合动力传动系统，在该系统中，扭矩产生机器和行星齿轮组在车辆主传动系和次传动系之间偏置扭矩。行星齿轮组的第一元件连接至上游扭矩源。行星齿轮组的第二元件连接至次传动系。行星齿轮组的第三元件连接至扭矩产生偏置机器。

Description

车辆混合动力传动系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种车辆混合动力传动系统。
背景技术
混合动力传动系统总体上增加了燃料经济性。传统的主动管理四轮驱动(4WD)系统总体上增加了稳定性和牵引性能。然而，在单个车辆中包括两个系统会带来成本、封装和复杂性的问题。
发明内容
车辆混合动力传动系统可包括分动器以及第一马达和第二马达。分动器在主传动系和次传动系之间传递机械动力。第一马达选择性地向至少一个传动系提供动力、从至少一个传动系接收动力、或自由转动。同样地，第二马达选择性地向至少一个传动系提供动力、从至少一个传动系接收动力、或自由转动。
附图说明
图1为带有依照本发明某些实施例的纵置动力传动系统配置的示例性可替代动力车辆的示意图。
图2为带有依照本发明某些实施例的横置动力传动系统配置的示例性可替代动力车辆的示意图。
图3A-3B为图1中线3指出的图1的分动箱和偏置马达的示意图。
图4A-4B为图2中线4指出的图2的动力转换单元总成和偏置马达的示意图。
图5A-5C为图1的可替代动力车辆的示例性两侧附着系数不同(split-μ)运转的示意图。
图6A-6E为图1的可替代动力车辆的示例性再生制动运转的示意图。
图7为图1的可替代动力车辆的示例性发动机制动运转的示意图。
图8A-8B为图1的可替代动力车辆的示例性滑行/空档运转的示意图。
图9A-9N为图1的可替代动力车辆的示例性推进运转的示意图。
图10A-10L为带有纵置动力传动系统配置的可替代动力车辆的示例性马达位置的示意图。
图11A-11B为带有纵置动力传动系统配置的可替代动力车辆的示例性马达位置的示意图。
图12A-12C为带有横置动力传动系统配置的可替代动力车辆的示例性马达位置的示意图。
图13为带有依照本发明某些实施例的纵置动力传动系统配置的另一示例性可替代动力车辆的示意图。
图14为带有依照本发明某些实施例的横置动力传动系统配置的另一示例性可替代动力车辆的示意图。
具体实施方式
混合动力部件可提供主动4WD扭矩偏置。例如，扭矩产生机器与行星齿轮组合作以在车辆主传动系和次传动系之间偏置扭矩。行星齿轮组的一个元件可连接至上游的扭矩源，例如IC发动机和/或其它扭矩产生机器，另一元件可连接至次传动系，且第三元件可连接至扭矩产生偏置机器，例如偏置马达。
在两轮驱动(2WD)运转中，发动机向主传动系发送扭矩，偏置马达没有起作用。为了激活4WD，偏置马达向行星齿轮组的一个元件施加扭矩，同时发动机向行星齿轮组的另一个元件施加扭矩。扭矩通过行星齿轮组的第三元件传递至次传动系。
除了发动机和偏置马达之外，可将另一个扭矩产生机器放置在动力传动系统/传动系中。该扭矩产生机器(例如反向马达(counter motor))将能量转换为轴动力或将轴动力转换为能量。
可包括存储装置以存储偏置马达和反向马达从轴动力转换而来的能量。
在示例性2WD推进情况下，发动机将扭矩传递至主传动系，且反向马达可以：(1)通过将来自存储装置的能量转换为轴动力以协助发动机；(2)将一部分发动机扭矩转换为能量并将其发送至存储装置或其它电子装置例如偏置马达；或(3)保持停止。可替代地，可关闭发动机，允许反向马达独自向主传动系发送扭矩。
在示例性4WD推动情况下，发动机和反向马达通过偏置马达将扭矩传递至主传动系和次传动系。偏置马达可以两种方式将扭矩施加至行星齿轮组：(1)通过将可存储能量转换为轴动力(电动)；或(2)通过将轴动力转换为可存储能量(发电)。产生对发动机和反向马达起作用的扭矩并从而促进扭矩转移至次传动系。
在情况1中，偏置马达可接收来自存储装置、反向马达或来自二者的可存储能量。在情况2中，偏置马达可向存储装置、反向马达或向二者传送可存储能量。可替代地，可关闭发动机且偏置马达可：(1)独立驱动主传动系和次传动系而反向马达不发生作用；或(2)与反向马达的作用配合一起驱动主传动系和次传动系。相对于发动机和反向马达贡献的偏置马达参与量确定了主传动系和次传动系之间扭矩偏置的量。也可使用基于制动的扭矩偏置以在主传动系和次传动系之间偏置扭矩。
在减速情况下，可使用任意部件以减慢车辆。例如，(1)发动机可单独通过压缩制动使车辆减速；(2)反向马达可通过将动能转换为可存储能量来减慢车辆；(3)偏置马达可通过将动能转换为可存储能量来减慢车辆；(4)可使用主制动器以减慢车辆；或(5)1-4的任意组合。
再生制动期间收集的能量可存储在存储装置中以备后用。偏置马达与反向马达合作，可用于在主传动系和次传动系之间偏置再生制动的量。这使得车辆控制器可以在将再生制动慢慢最大化至积极制动(aggressive braking)状态的同时还保持车辆稳定性。
发动机可为汽油、柴油或其它类型的内燃发动机。也可没有发动机，仅使用起动马达(crank motor)或其它类型的扭矩源。偏置马达和反向马达可以为电动、液压或其它类型的马达。电动马达和电池可由类似部件例如液压马达和蓄电池所代替。
发动机和马达在动力传动系统/传动系中的放置可以改变。反向马达可放置在发动机和前、后差速器之间的任意位置。偏置马达可放置在主传动系与次传动系的连接点与前、后差速器之间的任意位置。例如，如果使用了一个偏置马达，则可将该偏置马达放置在传动系中主传动系与次传动系的连接点与前、后差速器之间的任意位置。如果使用了两个或更多偏置马达，可将偏置马达放置在传动系中主传动系与次传动系的连接点与车轮之间的任意位置。如果使用一个反向马达，可将该反向马达放置在传动系中发动机和前、后差速器之间的任意位置。如果使用两个或更多反向马达，可将反向马达放置在传动系中发动机与车轮之间的任意位置。
可改变次传动系的最终传动比以平衡连接至偏置马达的行星齿轮组的齿轮比。这可减少偏置马达的寄生阻力。例如，如果次传动系传动比为X且行星齿轮组的齿轮比为1/X，则行星齿轮组输入轴的速度由输出轴的速度精确地平衡。因此偏置马达没有旋转。如果次传动系传动比为X且行星齿轮组的齿轮比为1/Y，则偏置马达可以与X和Y的差成比例的速度旋转。通过比例平衡来控制偏置马达转速的能力在设计偏置马达以及反向马达和其它系统部件中提供了极大的自由。此外，可选择偏置马达齿轮比以最优化主传动系和次传动系之间的扭矩分配以推进和再生制动。
根据需要可使用分离式离合器以分离动力传动系统/传动系部件。例如，在带有连接至发动机曲轴的反向马达(例如起动马达)的车辆中，可将变速器置于空档以将发动机和起动马达与传动系相分离。偏置马达单独驱动车辆。尽管被分离，发动机还可驱动起动马达以生成用于存储的能量或用于偏置马达使用。再例如，发动机与起动马达之间的离合器可将发动机与传动系相分离。起动马达单独驱动车辆或与来自偏置马达的协助合作来驱动车辆。也可以是其它离合器配置，包括马达分离和轮端分离。
图1为可替代动力车辆10例如混合动力电动车辆的示意图。车辆10包括发动机12、起动马达14、变速器16、分动箱18和偏置马达20(例如永磁式马达)。车辆10还包括前传动轴22、前桥总成24、后传动轴26和后桥总成28。车辆10进一步包括前轮及轮胎总成30、后轮及轮胎总成32、电池34(例如高压电池、低压电池等)和控制器及功率电子器件36(例如车辆系统控制器、电池控制单元、智能电路、功率转换器)等。
如下所讨论，显示为彼此邻近的部件为机械连接。作为一个例子，发动机12与起动马达14机械连接。又例如，分动箱18与变速器16、偏置马达20和前传动轴22等机械连接。
图2为可替代动力车辆110例如混合动力电动车辆的示意图。相差100的编号元件可具有类似的描述，例如发动机12、112。车辆110包括发动机112、反向马达114、驱动桥138、动力转换单元140和偏置马达120。车辆110还包括前半轴142、后传动轴126和后桥总成128。车辆110进一步包括前轮及轮胎总成130、后轮及轮胎总成132、高压电池134和控制器及功率电子器件136。
如下所讨论，显示为彼此邻近的部件为机械连接。例如，动力转换单元140与驱动桥138、偏置马达120和后传动轴126机械连接。又例如，起动马达114与驱动桥138等机械连接。
图3A为取自图1中线3的车辆10一部分的示意图。在图3A的示例中，来自变速器16的扭矩传递至后传动轴26而没有传递至前传动轴22。来自变速器16的扭矩通过扭矩轴44传递至后传动轴26。
行星齿轮组46包括通过轴49与偏置马达20机械连接的中心齿轮48，通过柔性连接件52(例如链条)与扭矩轴44连接的行星齿轮50，和与前传动轴22机械连接的环形齿轮54。如果需要，向偏置马达20供应来自高压电池34(图1)的平衡动力。结果，行星齿轮组46旋转使得来自扭矩轴44的扭矩没有通过柔性连接件52传递至前传动轴22。
图3B为取自图1中线3的车辆10一部分的另一示意图。在图3B的示例中，来自变速器16的扭矩被传递至后传动轴26和前传动轴22。偏置马达20通过从高压电池34(图1)接受动力(电动)或向高压电池34发送动力(发电)来对中心齿轮48施加扭矩。来自中心齿轮48的扭矩与行星齿轮50的扭矩相反。这样行星齿轮50驱动向前传动轴22传递扭矩的环形齿轮54。
图4A为取自图2中的线4的车辆110一部分的示意图。在图4A的示例中，来自驱动桥138的扭矩被传递至前半轴142但没有传递至后传动轴126。
行星齿轮组146包括通过轴149与偏置马达120机械连接的中心齿轮148，通过齿轮组151与扭矩轴144机械连接的行星齿轮150，和通过齿轮组153与后传动轴126机械连接的环形齿轮154。如果需要，将来自高压电池134(图2)的平衡动力供应给偏置马达120。结果，行星齿轮组146旋转使得来自扭矩轴144的扭矩没有被传递至后传动轴126。
图4B为取自图2中线4的车辆110一部分的另一示意图。在图4B的示例中，来自驱动桥138的扭矩被传递至前半轴142和后传动轴126。偏置马达120通过从高压电池134接受动力(电动)或向高压电池134发送动力(发电)来对中心齿轮148施加扭矩。来自中心齿轮148的扭矩与行星齿轮150的扭矩相反。这样行星齿轮150驱动向后传动轴126传递扭矩的环形齿轮154。
图5A-5C为图1的可替代动力车辆示例性两侧附着系数不同(split-μ)的运转的示意图。由于图5A中车辆10接近冰区，扭矩从发动机12和起动马达14传输至后桥总成28。实线箭头线指示电能的流动。虚线箭头线指示机械能的流动。
图5B中冰区在前轮及轮胎总成30的下方，潜在地影响转向而不影响推进。扭矩还从发动机12和起动马达14传输至后桥总成28。如果启动马达14没有用于推进，其可将一些发动机扭矩转换为可存储能量。
图5C中冰区在后轮及轮胎总成32的下方，影响推进。激活偏置马达20，允许扭矩从发动机12和起动马达14传递至前桥总成24。如果起动马达14没有用于推进，其可将一些发动机扭矩转换为可存储能量。
图6A-6E为图1的可替代动力车辆的示例性再生制动运转的示意图。在图6A中，变速器16位于空档。发动机12驱动起动马达14为电池34生成可存储能量。偏置马达20将来自前桥总成24和后桥总成28的机械能转换为用于电池34的可存储能量。主制动器(未显示)可协助制动车辆10。
图6B中，切断或减少流向发动机12的燃料以限制输出，但变速器16依然接合。起动马达14和偏置马达20将来自前桥总成24和后桥总成28的动能转换为用于电池34的可存储能量。前/后制动偏置根据偏置马达20的贡献相对于起动马达14的贡献来变化。主制动器(未显示)可协助制动车辆10。
图6C中，停止或减少流向发动机12的燃料以限制输出，但变速器16依然接合。起动马达14将来自后桥28的动能转换为用于电池34的可存储能量。主制动器(未显示)可协助制动车辆10。
图6D中，停止或减少流向发动机12的燃料以限制输出，但变速器16依然接合。发动机压缩制动协助使车辆10减速。偏置马达20将来自前桥总成24和后桥总成28的动能转换为用于电池34的可存储能量。主制动器(未显示)可协助制动车辆10。
图6E中，在制动期间停止发动机12并将变速器至于空档。偏置马达20将来自主桥总成24和副桥总成28的动能转换为用于电池34的可存储能量。主制动器(未显示)可协助制动车辆10。
图7为图1的可替代动力车辆的示例性发动机制动运转的示意图。停止或减少流向发动机12的燃料以限制发动机输出，但变速器16依然接合。发动机压缩制动使车辆10减速。主减速器(未显示)可协助制动车辆10。
图8A-8B为图1的可替代动力车辆的示例性滑行/空档运转的示意图。在图8A中，变速器16置于空档。发动机12驱动起动马达14生成用于电池34的可存储能量。发动机12、起动马达14和偏置马达20没有对传动系施加减速扭矩或推进扭矩。
在图8B中，停止或减少流向发动机12的燃料以限制发动机输出，并将变速器16置于空档。发动机12、起动马达14和偏置马达20没有对传动系施加减速扭矩或推进扭矩。
图9A-9N为图1的可替代动力车辆的示例性推进运转的示意图。在图9A中，接合变速器16且发动机12和起动马达14向传动系发送扭矩。偏置马达20也向传动系发送扭矩。根据偏置马达20相对于发动机12和起动马达14的贡献改变前/后扭矩偏置。也可使用基于制动的扭矩偏置来从前向后及从侧面向侧面偏置扭矩。
在图9B中，接合变速器16且发动机12和起动马达14向传动系发送扭矩。用作发电机的偏置马达20将来自发动机12和起动马达14的扭矩引导至前桥总成24。根据偏置马达20的反扭矩改变前/后扭矩偏置。也可使用基于制动的扭矩偏置来从前向后及从侧面向侧面偏置扭矩。
在图9C中，接合变速器16且发动机12和起动马达14向后桥总成28发送扭矩。没有启动偏置马达20。仅将扭矩传输至后桥总成28。
在图9D中，接合变速器16且发动机12向传动系发送扭矩。起动马达14将一些发动机扭矩转换为用于电池34的可存储能量。偏置马达20向传动系发送扭矩。根据偏置马达20的贡献改变前/后扭矩偏置。还可使用基于制动的扭矩偏置来偏置扭矩。
在图9E中，接合变速器16且发动机12向传动系发送扭矩。起动马达14将一些发动机扭矩转换为用于电池34的可存储能量。用作发电机的偏置马达20将来自发动机12和起动马达14的扭矩引导至前桥总成24。根据偏置马达20的反扭矩改变前/后扭矩偏置。还可使用基于制动的扭矩偏置。
在图9F中，接合变速器16且发动机12向后桥总成28发送扭矩。起动马达14将一些发动机扭矩转换为电池34的可存储能量。
在图9G中，变速器16置于空档。发动机12驱动起动马达14以生成可用于电池34的可存储能量。偏置马达20驱动第一桥总成和第二桥总成24、28。也可使用基于制动的扭矩偏置来从前向后及从侧面向侧面偏置扭矩。
在图9H中，接合变速器16且发动机12向传动系发送扭矩。停止起动马达14。偏置马达20还向传动系发送扭矩。根据偏置马达20的贡献改变前/后扭矩偏置。还可使用基于制动的扭矩偏置以偏置扭矩。
在图9I中，接合变速器16且发动机12向传动系发送扭矩。停止起动马达14。用作发电机的偏置马达20将来自发动机12的扭矩引导至前桥总成24。根据偏置马达20的反扭矩改变前/后扭矩偏置。还可使用基于制动的扭矩偏置以偏置扭矩。
在图9J中，接合变速器16且发动机12向传动系发送扭矩。停止起动马达14。也停止偏置马达20。
在图9K中，切断或减少流向发动机12的燃料以限制发动机输出，但接合变速器16。起动马达14向传动系发送扭矩。偏置马达也向传动系发送扭矩。根据偏置马达20的贡献改变前/后扭矩偏置。还可使用基于制动的扭矩偏置以偏置扭矩。
在图9L中，切断或减少流向发动机12的燃料以限制发动机输出，但接合变速器16。起动马达14向传动系发送扭矩。用作发电机的偏置马达20将来自发动机12的扭矩引导至前桥总成24。根据偏置马达20的反扭矩改变前/后扭矩偏置。还可使用基于制动的扭矩偏置以偏置扭矩。
在图9M中，切断或减少流向发动机12的燃料以限制发动机输出，但接合变速器16。起动马达14向传动系发送扭矩。停止偏置马达20。也可使用基于制动的扭矩偏置来从前向后及从侧面向侧面偏置扭矩。
在图9N中，停止流向发动机12的燃料并将变速器16置于空档。停止起动马达14。偏置马达20驱动前桥总成和后桥总成24、28。也可使用基于制动的扭矩偏置来从前向后及从侧面向侧面偏置扭矩。
可如参考图5A-9L所描述的以类似的方式运转图2的车辆110。
图10A-10L为用于带有纵置动力传动系统配置的可替代动力车辆的示例性马达位置的示意图。如上所讨论，显示为彼此邻近的部件为机械连接。图10E-10H显示了可用于选择性地将部件彼此接合或脱离的离合器13。也可以是其它未显示的配置。因此，可使用多于一个的反向马达14或偏置马达20并将其放置在传动系中的多个位置。
图11A-11B为用于带有纵置动力传动系统配置的可替代动力车辆的示例性马达位置的示意图。图11A-11B中偏置马达20的示例性位置可与图10A-10L的起动马达14的示例性位置相结合使用。也可以是其它未显示的配置。这些示例性马达位置也可用在带有横置动力传动系统配置的车辆中。
图12A-12C为用于带有横置动力传动系统配置的可替代动力车辆的示例性马达位置的示意图。也可以是其它未显示的配置。因此，可使用多于一个的反向马达114或偏置马达120并将其放置在传动系中的多个位置。
图13为用于带有纵置动力传动系统配置的可替代动力车辆210的示意图。车辆210包括两个反向马达214、215和偏置马达220。偏置马达220与分动箱218集成在一起。
在图13的实施例中，反向马达214为起动马达。反向马达214定位在发动机212和变速器216之间。反向马达214作用为马达或发电机。反向马达214可起动发动机212，向传动系提供推进动力，将来自发动机212的动力转换为电能或将通过传动系的车辆动能转换为电能。
在图13的实施例中，反向马达215为牵引马达。反向马达集成在前桥总成224中。反向马达215作用为马达或发电机。反向马达215用于向传动系提供推进动力或将通过传动系的车辆动能转换为电能。
两个反向马达214、215可运转相同的时间而不需要偏置马达220运转。无论有没有发动机212运转，反向马达214、215中的一个可作为发电机运转，而另一个可作为马达运转。可替代地，如果能量存储装置234具有充足的容量，反向马达214、215均可作用为马达或发电机。
运转反向马达214、215而不运转偏置马达220使得扭矩可以独立传递至前轮及轮胎总成230和后轮及轮胎总成232和由其传递回。例如，反向马达215向前轮及轮胎总成230施加扭矩，同时独立地，发动机212和/或反向马达214向后轮及轮胎总成232施加扭矩。从而可以最优化用于推进和再生制动的扭矩管理。
在可替代实施例中，可使用两个或更多反向马达。反向马达可放置在传动系中发动机和车轮之间的多个位置。
图14为用于带有横置动力传动系统配置的可替代动力车辆310的示意图。车辆310包括两个反向马达314、315和偏置马达320。偏置马达320集成有动力转换单元340。
在图14的实施例中，反向马达314为位于发动机312和驱动桥338之间的起动马达。反向马达314作用为马达或发电机。反向马达314可起动发动机312，向传动系提供推进动力，将来自发动机312的动力转换为电能或将通过传动系的车辆动能转换为电能。
在图14的实施例中，反向马达315为集成入后桥总成328的牵引马达。反向马达315作用为马达或发电机。反向马达315用于向传动系提供推进动力或将通过传动系的车辆动能转换为电能。
两个反向马达314、315可运转相同的时间而不需要偏置马达320运转。无论发动机312有没有运转，反向马达314、315中的一个可作为发电机运转，而另一个可作为马达运转。可替代地，如果能量存储装置334具有充足的容量，反向马达314、315均可作用为马达或发电机。
运转反向马达314、315而不运转偏置马达320使得扭矩可以独立传递至前轮及轮胎总成330和后轮及轮胎总成332。例如，反向马达315向后轮及轮胎总成332施加扭矩，同时独立地，发动机312和/或反向马达314向前轮及轮胎总成330施加扭矩。从而可以最优化用于推进和再生制动的扭矩管理。
在可替代实施例中，可使用两个或更多反向马达。反向马达可放置在传动系中的多个位置。
尽管已经说明并描述了本发明的实施例，其并非意味着这些说明并描述的实施例是本发明所有可能的形式。更确切地，说明书中使用的语言为描述性语言而非限制，且应了解，可作出多种改变而不脱离本发明的实质与范围。

Claims (10)

1、一种用于包括能量存储单元、主传动系总成和次传动系总成的车辆的混合动力传动系统，该系统包含：
用于在所述主传动系总成和所述次传动系总成之间传递机械动力的分动器；
第一马达，被配置为用于选择性地执行：
通过将电能转换为动力以经由所述分动器向所述主传动系总成和所述次传动系总成中至少一个提供动力；
通过将动力转换为电能来从所述主传动系总成和所述次传动系总成中至少一个接收动力；和
自由旋转，以及
第二马达，被配置为用于选择性地执行：
通过将电能转换为动力向所述主传动系总成和所述次传动系总成中至少一个提供动力；
通过将动力转换为电能来从所述主传动系总成和所述次传动系总成中至少一个接收动力；和
自由旋转。
2、根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于所述车辆包括内燃发动机，且其中所述第二马达进一步被配置为用于选择性地从所述内燃发动机接收动力。
3、根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于所述第一马达和所述第二马达中的一个所生成的电能存储在所述能量存储单元中。
4、根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于所述第一马达生成的电能由所述第二马达所使用。
5、根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于存储在所述能量存储单元中的能量由所述第一马达或所述第二马达使用。
6、根据权利要求1所述的系统，进一步包含与所述主传动系和次传动系机械连接的行星齿轮组，所述行星齿轮组被配置为允许所述主传动系和次传动系之间的差速旋转。
7、根据权利要求1所述的系统，进一步包含行星齿轮组，所述行星齿轮组包括所述第一马达机械连接的第一元件。
8、根据权利要求7所述的系统，其特征在于所述行星齿轮组进一步包括所述主传动系连接的第二元件。
9、根据权利要求8所述的系统，其特征在于所述行星齿轮组进一步包括所述次传动系连接的第三元件。
10、根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于所述第二马达生成的电能由所述第一马达所使用。
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