CN105658464A - 用于机动车辆的动力系统以及运行方法 - Google Patents

用于机动车辆的动力系统以及运行方法 Download PDF

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CN105658464A
CN105658464A CN201480055643.4A CN201480055643A CN105658464A CN 105658464 A CN105658464 A CN 105658464A CN 201480055643 A CN201480055643 A CN 201480055643A CN 105658464 A CN105658464 A CN 105658464A
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power system
input shaft
clutch
input
oil engine
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CN105658464B (zh
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P·米兰达
J·萨布里耶
R·科贝
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Technology Advances Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K25/00—Auxiliary drives
    • B60K25/02—Auxiliary drives directly from an engine shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K25/00—Auxiliary drives
    • B60K25/06—Auxiliary drives from the transmission power take-off
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/02—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of clutch
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4825—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4833—Step up or reduction gearing driving generator, e.g. to operate generator in most efficient speed range
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K25/00—Auxiliary drives
    • B60K25/02—Auxiliary drives directly from an engine shaft
    • B60K2025/022—Auxiliary drives directly from an engine shaft by a mechanical transmission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/383—One-way clutches or freewheel devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/006—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion power being selectively transmitted by either one of the parallel flow paths
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Abstract

一种用于机动车辆的动力系统，所述动力系统包括驱动主动轮(14)的双离合类型的变速箱，所述变速箱设置有同心的两根输入轴(30，34)，所述两根输入轴中的每根通过输入离合器(32，36)与内燃机(2)联接，每根输入轴具有在接合变速齿轮系(8)之前调节该输入轴速度的同步部件，所述动力系统还包括通过连接离合器(22)与所述变速箱的输入轴(30，34)联接的一个或多个附加旋转机器(20)。所述附加旋转机器(20)通过自由轮(40，42)与两根输入轴(30，34)联接。

Description

用于机动车辆的动力系统以及运行方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车辆的动力系统，以及该动力系统的运行方法，和一种包括这种动力系统的机动车辆。
背景技术
通常机动车辆包括由内燃机直接驱动的附加旋转机器(例如交流发电机、转向助力泵或空调压缩机)。在内燃机运转时确保产生用于车载电网或用于车厢冷却的电。
然而对于设置有可仅驱动车辆的辅助动力装置的混合动力车辆的情况，如果辅助能量存储装置具有足够大的容量以确保在内燃机停止的情况下长时间行驶，附加旋转机器同样停止，并且不再确保所述附加旋转机器的功能(例如为车载电网的电池充电或者制冷)。因此存在不舒适或发生故障的风险。
特别是一些混合动力车辆在城市行程中可具有超过整个行驶时间一半的内燃机停止时间。
因此可增加旋转机器的功率或与所述旋转机器相关联的储量，从而无缺陷地满足这些旋转机器的更长的停止时间。但在该情况下增加了这些设备的尺寸和质量以及成本。
还可重新启动内燃机以驱动旋转机器，但这些额外的启动降低了动力系统的能量性能。
作为变型，可由电机来驱动附加旋转机器(例如空调压缩机)，所述电机在车载电网的电池中或者在电动混合动力车辆的情况下在用于牵引的高电压电池中提取能量。
然而该解决方案具有较高的成本，并且导致了对于所供能的电池的较大限制。而且因为存在用于驱动该附加机器的连续多次能量转换而效率一般。
另一种变型涉及由车辆车轮直接驱动附加机器。然而该设置阻碍了这些附加机器在车辆停止时的运行。
作为变型，尤其通过文件FR-A1-2977197已知一种用于混合动力车辆的动力系统，所述动力系统包括通过自由轮来直接驱动变速箱输入轴的内燃机，所述变速箱输入轴与车辆主动轮联接。
所述变速箱输入轴与牵引电机以及与附加旋转机器(例如空调压缩机)持久连接。
还得到使用内燃机的行驶，在该内燃机产生牵引转矩时该内燃机通过被接合的自由轮来驱动变速箱，或在使该内燃机停止时得到该自由轮的自动断联，车辆使用仅确保牵引的电机而继续行驶。
然而需要(在一个方向上自动脱离的)自由轮的该类型的动力系统不允许例如使用发动机制动的功能来使车辆在下坡中制动，这是因为该自由轮被断联，这不确保安全性。
此外牵引电机以及附加机器与变速箱的输入轴持久联接，这给予了该输入轴较大的惯性，该惯性使该输入轴速度难以同步以在单离合或双离合自动变速箱的情况下接合新的变速齿轮系。
发明内容
本发明的目的尤其在于避免现有技术的这些缺陷。
为此本发明提供了一种用于机动车辆的动力系统，所述动力系统包括驱动主动轮的变速箱，所述变速箱设置有一根输入轴或两根输入轴，所述一根输入轴或两根输入轴中的每根通过输入离合器与内燃机联接，每根第一具有在接合变速齿轮系之前调节该输入轴速度的同步部件，所述动力系统还包括附加旋转机器，其特征在于，所述动力系统设置有通过连接离合器与所述变速箱的输入轴联接的附加旋转机器。
该动力系统的优点在于，可在内燃机停止时实施行驶，在传统车辆的情况下所述车辆以其冲力行驶，或者在混合动力车辆的情况下由辅助牵引机器来驱动所述车辆，并且具有通过保持变速箱的变速齿轮系的接合而一直由车辆车轮驱动的补充机器。
此外在车辆停止时，可通过使变速箱保持在死点并且通过使输入离合器以及连接离合器闭合而驱动补充机器。注意到在变换变速齿轮系时输入轴的同步可通过使连接离合器分离而被轻易完成，从而消除补充机器的惯性。
根据本发明的动力系统还可包括一个或可被组合采用的多个以下特征。
变速箱可包括唯一的输入轴并且以自动方式被操纵，以控制变速齿轮系的变换。
作为变型，变速箱可为包括以同心方式设置的两根输入轴的双离合类型变速箱，所述两根输入轴中的每根通过输入离合器与内燃机联接。
在该情况下，附加旋转机器可仅与输入轴中的一根联接。
作为变型，附加旋转机器可通过自由轮与两根输入轴联接。
有利地，所述附加旋转机器设置成与内燃机平行，并且包括设置在连接离合器后方的传动装置，所述传动装置使所述附加旋转机器与输入轴联接。
本发明的目的还在于提供一种用于具有任意其中一项上述特征的动力系统的运行方法，在使用用于调节输入轴速度的同步部件来变换变速齿轮系期间，所述运行方法使连接离合器分离。
本发明的目的还在于提供另一种用于具有任意其中一项上述特征的动力系统的运行方法，在内燃机停止时所述方法使车辆以其本身的冲力行驶，或者在混合动力车辆的情况下通过辅助机器的牵引来使车辆行驶，对所述附加机器的驱动通过接合变速齿轮系并且通过使连接离合器闭合来确保，同时保持输入离合器分离。
本发明的目的还在于提供一种设置有确保牵引的动力系统的机动车辆，所述动力系统具有任意其中一项上述特征。
附图说明
通过阅读以下作为示例以非限制性方式给出的详细说明和附图，本发明的其它特征和优点将更加清楚，在附图中：
-图1为根据本发明的动力系统的示图，所述动力系统包括以单离合器操纵的变速箱；
-图2为该动力系统的一种变型的示图；
-图3为根据本发明的动力系统的示图，所述动力系统包括双离合变速箱；
-图4为该动力系统的第一变型的示图；以及
-图5为该动力系统的第二变型的示图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了用于车辆的动力系统，所述动力系统包括通过输入离合器4来驱动变速箱输入轴6的内燃机2，所述变速箱包括依次驱动变速箱输出轴10的不同变速齿轮系8。
每个变速齿轮系8设置有一对齿轮，并且每个变速齿轮系包括自由装配在其轴上的齿轮，并且输入轴6的速度同步装置能够调节该输入轴的速度，然后能够通过将该齿轮卡档所述输入轴上来接合该变速齿轮系。
输出轴10包括在其端部处与差速器的齿圈12啮合的齿轮16，所述差速器向两个主动轮14分配运动。
该动力系统包括设置成与内燃机2平行的附加机器20，所述附加机器包括通过传动装置24直接驱动输入轴6的连接离合器22。可包括链条、皮带或齿轮的传动装置24与输入轴6的位于变速齿轮系8与输入离合器4之间的前侧部联接。
该变速箱以自动方式被操纵，并且该变速箱设置有由计算机控制的致动器，所述致动器作用在输入离合器4上、作用在变速齿轮系8的接合装置上以及作用在连接离合器22上，从而以自动方式执行变速齿轮系的变换和对附加机器20的驱动。
图2示出了作为变型的相似的动力系统，所述动力系统包括位于输入轴后端部处的传动装置24，所述传动装置使附加机器20与输入轴6联接。
通常，该动力系统可包括一个或多个附加机器20，所述一个或多个附加机器以相同的方式通过一个或多个连接离合器22与输入轴6联接。该动力系统可包括作为补充的辅助牵引机器以实现混合动力车辆，所述辅助牵引机器例如可直接驱动车辆车轮。
按照附加机器20，需通过该机器的被限制的停止时间而尤其在使用为车载电网的电池充电的交流发电机的情况下确保车辆的运行安全性，或者在使用空调压缩机的情况下确保舒适性。
该动力系统的运行为以下当内燃机2运转时的情况。
当车辆行驶时变速齿轮系8被接合，输入离合器4闭合并且输入轴6旋转，通过使连接离合器22闭合来驱动附加机器20。当车辆停止时，没有任何变速齿轮系8被接合，通过保持输入离合器6闭合来维持内燃机2运转，并且还由连接离合器22驱动附加机器20。
在内燃机2停止时，车辆能够以其本身的冲力行驶，或者在混合动力车辆的情况下通过辅助机器的牵引来使车辆行驶。对附加机器20的驱动通过接合变速齿轮系8并且通过使连接离合器22闭合来进行，同时保持输入离合器4分离。尤其可按照车辆速度通过选择被接合的变速齿轮系8来调节附加机器20的旋转速度。
还在对于这些不同运行方式的所有情况下实施对附加机器20的驱动，如果所述附加机器涉及为车载电网的电池供电的交流发电机则所述驱动尤其确保安全性，如果所述附加机器涉及空调压缩机则所述驱动尤其确保舒适性。
在这些不同运行方式之间的过渡转换通过以下方式执行。
在内燃机2运转时，当车辆在低于该车辆速度阈值的情况下停止时，使输入离合器4分离。附加机器20与车辆同时停止。因此当该停止持续时可将变速箱置于死点并且如上所述重新启动内燃机2。
相反地为了通过内燃机2的运转来启动车辆，按照所述情况使输入离合器4分离并且接合变速箱的变速齿轮系8。当内燃机2驱动附加机器20时，该机器停止。然后通过输入离合器4的逐渐闭合来启动车辆。
之后在该车辆启动期间使连接离合器22分离或闭合，附加机器20保持停止，或者在车辆起动(décollage)的同时使该机器逐渐转动。
当在车辆停止期间内燃机2运转以驱动附加机器20时以及当在所述车辆启动期间重新驱动该机器时，该机器的停止时间极短，这有害于舒适性以及运行安全性。
在车辆停止并且内燃机2停止的情况下，如果需驱动附加机器20，若变速箱未被至于死点则需使变速箱置于死点，然后需启动该内燃机，而输入离合器4或连接离合器22分离，最后使这两个离合器闭合。这些操作可在极短的时间内进行。
在车辆通过借助于变速齿轮系8来驱动该车辆的内燃机2以及通过附加机器20行驶的情况下，如果需停止该内燃机，使输入离合器4分离并且停止该内燃机，而保持变速齿轮系接合，这使附加机器维持持久旋转。
相反地在车辆在内燃机2停止时行驶的情况下，由变速齿轮系8驱动附加机器20，只需启动该内燃机然后使输入离合器4闭合，以通过该内燃机来驱动车辆。
然后为了变换变速箱的变速齿轮系8，需同时使输入离合器4分离，并且在需要时使连接离合器22分离，以便减小输入轴6的惯性，然后变换变速齿轮系，最后使这两个离合器重新闭合。因此附加机器20的停止时间极短。
注意到与附加机器20连接的车辆设备需被调节尺寸以满足较短的停止时间，同时确保运行的安全性或舒适性。
图3示出了双离合变速箱，所述双离合变速箱包括通过内部输入离合器32与内燃机2联接的内部输入轴30和通过外部输入离合器36与该内燃机联接的外部输入轴34。每个输入轴30、34包括使其与输出轴10联接的变速齿轮系8，所述变速齿轮系按顺序交替地设置在这些轴中的一根或另一根上。
附加机器20通过连接离合器22并且通过传动装置24与内部输入轴30联接，所述传动装置位于该内部输入轴的后侧。
图4示出了相似的双离合变速箱，附加机器20通过传动装置24与外部输入轴34联接，所述传动装置位于变速齿轮系8的前侧。
对于这两个附图，双离合变速箱在变换变速齿轮系8时允许通过内燃机2来连续牵引车辆。输入轴30、34中的一根的变速齿轮系与闭合的输入离合器32、36接合，另一根输入轴的下一个变速齿轮系被接合而同时维持离合器分离，然后将离合器转矩切换至另一个以确保牵引车辆的连续性。
对附加机器24的驱动还可几乎持久地进行。
当车辆在变速齿轮系8被接合(该变速齿轮系对应于与附加机器20联接的输入轴)的情况下行驶时，只需使连接离合器22闭合以驱动该机器。
当车辆在变速齿轮系8被接合(该变速齿轮系对应于不与附加机器20联接的另一根输入轴)的情况下行驶时，以并联方式接合该输入轴的变速齿轮系而保持输入离合器分离，然后使连接离合器22闭合以驱动附加离合器。
在内燃机2旋转以驱动附加机器20的该情况下，优选地根据该内燃机的较高或较低的速度，立即接合上或下变速齿轮系，以设置变速比的上升或下降。因此得到对于下一个变速齿轮系的预选，这能够在必要时快速接合所述下一个变速齿轮系。
作为变型，可不接合在与附加机器20联接的输入轴上的变速齿轮系，并且仅使该轴的输入离合器以及连接离合器22闭合以驱动该附加机器。
对于包括双离合变速箱的该动力系统，附加机器20的停止时间还可极短。
图5示出了在连接离合器22后方的附加机器20，所述附加机器同时通过与第一传动装置24串联的第一自由轮40与外部输入轴34连接以及通过与第二传动装置24串联的第二自由轮42与内部输入轴30连接。两个自由轮40设置成由输入轴30、34来驱动附加机器20。
还通过两个自由轮40、42由输入轴30、34驱动附加机器20，所述输入轴以更大的速度转动，另一根输入轴的自由轮自动断联。在通过从一根输入轴转换到另一根来变换变速齿轮系期间，还同时通过这些输入轴中的一根或另一根自动确保了对附加机器20的驱动。
特别是在混合动力车辆上，按照本发明的动力系统能够使用唯一交流发电机来为车载电网供应电流，无论该动力系统处于哪个运行方式，所述交流发电机都运行。因此避免了使用一个由内燃机驱动而另一个由主动轮驱动的两个交流发电机。还可持久驱动空调压缩机，同时避免采用特定用途的电动机。
在传统车辆上的该动力系统还能够执行利用该车辆冲力的行驶，同时通过对附加机器20的持久驱动来确保附件的运行。
通常可减小质量，并且改善内燃机和不同附件的运行效率。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于机动车辆的动力系统，所述动力系统包括驱动主动轮(14)的变速箱，所述变速箱设置有一根输入轴(6)或两根输入轴(30，34)，所述一根输入轴或两根输入轴中的每根通过输入离合器(4，32，36)与内燃机(2)联接，每根输入轴具有在接合变速齿轮系(8)之前调节所述输入轴的速度的同步部件，所述动力系统还包括一个或多个附加旋转机器(20)，所述动力系统设置有通过连接离合器(22)与所述变速箱的输入轴(10，30，34)联接的一个或多个附加旋转机器(20)，所述变速箱为包括以同心方式设置的两根输入轴(30，34)的双离合类型变速箱，所述两根输入轴中的每根通过输入离合器(32，36)与内燃机(2)联接，其特征在于，所述一个或多个附加旋转机器(20)通过自由轮(40，42)与两根输入轴(30，34)联接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的动力系统，其特征在于，所述一个或多个附加旋转机器(20)仅与输入轴(30，34)中的一根联接。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的动力系统，其特征在于，所述一个或多个附加旋转机器(20)设置成与内燃机(2)平行，并且包括设置在连接离合器(22)后方的传动装置(24)，所述传动装置使所述一个或多个附加旋转机器与输入轴(6，30，34)联接。
4.一种用于根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的动力系统的运行方法，其特征在于，在使用用于调节输入轴(6，30，34)速度的同步部件来变换变速齿轮系期间，所述运行方法使连接离合器(22)分离。
5.根据权利要求4所述的运行方法，其特征在于，在内燃机(2)停止时所述方法使车辆以其本身的冲力行驶，或者在混合动力车辆的情况下通过辅助机器的牵引来使车辆行驶，对所述一个或多个附加旋转机器(20)的驱动通过接合变速齿轮系(8)并且通过使连接离合器(22)闭合来确保，同时保持输入离合器(4)分离。
6.一种机动车辆，所述机动车辆设置有确保牵引的动力系统，其特征在于，所述动力系统按照权利要求1至3中任一项来实施。
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