CN106458205A - 用于混合动力车辆的控制系统 - Google Patents

用于混合动力车辆的控制系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106458205A
CN106458205A CN201580032706.9A CN201580032706A CN106458205A CN 106458205 A CN106458205 A CN 106458205A CN 201580032706 A CN201580032706 A CN 201580032706A CN 106458205 A CN106458205 A CN 106458205A
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China
Prior art keywords
motor
engine
control system
engagement device
torque
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Granted
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CN201580032706.9A
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English (en)
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CN106458205B (zh
Inventor
畑建正
岩瀬雄二
铃木阳介
加藤晃
加藤晃一
信安清太郎
茂木太郎
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/383—One-way clutches or freewheel devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K2006/381—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches characterized by driveline brakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/02—Clutches
    • B60W2710/025—Clutch slip, i.e. difference between input and output speeds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/02—Clutches
    • B60W2710/027—Clutch torque
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

Abstract

提供一种被配置为迅速地切换行驶模式的用于混合动力车辆的控制系统。在单一电动机模式中，在使接合装置(K0)分离并停止发动机(1)时，车辆由第二电动机(10)提供动力。在双电动机模式中，在使接合装置(K0)接合并且通过止动装置(BK)停止发动机(1)的输出轴(2)的旋转时，车辆由第一电动机(5)和第二电动机(10)二者提供动力。当将行驶模式从单一电动机模式向双电动机模式切换时，控制系统以这样的方式控制第一电动机(5)：在增大接合装置的传递转矩容量(步骤S5)的同时，减小接合装置(K0)的输入转速和输出转速之间的转速差(步骤S3)。

Description

用于混合动力车辆的控制系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于具有发动机和多个电动机的混合动力车辆的控制系统，所述控制系统被配置为通过其中一个电动机和通过至少两个电动机选择性地为车辆提供动力。
背景技术
JP-A-08-295140描述了一种混合动力车辆，其具有差动齿轮单元以及连接到驱动轮的第二电动机，该差动齿轮单元包括连接到发动机的第一旋转元件、连接到第一电动机的第二旋转元件和连接到驱动轮的第三旋转元件。在由JP-A-08-295140教导的混合动力车辆中，可以从发动机行驶模式和电动机行驶模式中选择行驶模式，其中在发动机行驶模式中，通过以使得第二旋转元件用作反作用力元件的方式来控制第一电动机而使车辆由发动机提供动力，而在电动机行驶模式中，车辆由第二电动机提供动力。根据JP-A-08-295140的教导，单向离合器和控制制动器布置在差动齿轮单元的输入轴上，以便即使要求驱动转矩相对较大，也可以在停止发动机时通过第一电动机和第二电动机来推进车辆。在这种情况下，具体地，第一旋转元件用作反作用力元件，而第二旋转元件用作输入元件。另外，为了在不停止发动机的情况下由两个电动机来为车辆提供动力，在差动齿轮单元的输入轴和发动机的输出轴之间布置有离合器，以便使发动机与差动齿轮单元断开连接。
发明内容
技术问题
如上所述，根据JP-A-08-295140的教导，混合动力车辆设置有布置在发动机的输出轴和差动齿轮单元的输入轴之间的离合器，以及用于停止差动齿轮单元的输入轴的诸如单向离合器的止动装置。在如此构造的车辆中，如果从驱动轮施加到止动装置的转矩过大，则止动装置可能被这种转矩损坏。为了减小施加到止动装置的转矩，可以在差动齿轮单元的输入轴和第一旋转元件之间布置转矩限制器。然而，在这种情况下，另外要求用于布置转矩限制器的空间，而这将导致车辆尺寸的增加。
代替地，用于使发动机与差动齿轮单元断开连接的离合器也可以布置在差动齿轮单元的输入轴和第一旋转元件之间，以用作止动装置的转矩限制器。在这种情况下，使离合器接合以将行驶模式从单一电动机模式切换到双电动机模式。然而，为此，必须实行输入转速和输出转速的同步，以在离合器接合期间将它们之间的转速差减小到几乎为零，然后在离合器的接合完成之后由第一电动机产生转矩。因此，可能需要很长时间来完成行驶模式的切换操作，由此混合动力的加速响应性可能劣化。
本发明已经被构想着眼于上述技术问题，且因此本发明的目的是提供一种用于混合动力车辆的控制系统，其被配置为将行驶模式从车辆由至少一个电动机提供动力的单一电动机模式迅速地切换到车辆由至少两个电动机提供动力的双电动机模式。
问题的解决方案
根据本发明的控制系统应用于混合动力车辆，所述混合动力车辆包括：发动机和多个电动机；差动机构，其具有连接到发动机的第一旋转元件、连接到第一电动机的第二旋转元件以及连接到第二电动机和驱动轮的第三旋转元件；接合装置，其适于中断向旋转元件之一的转矩传递，并且适于改变所述接合装置的传递转矩容量；以及止动装置，其在被固定到固定构件时布置得比所述接合装置更靠近所述发动机，并且所述止动装置适于当其处于接合时停止所述发动机的输出轴的旋转。为了实现上述目的，根据本发明，所述控制系统被配置为以如下方式控制第一电动机：当将行驶模式从第一模式向第二模式切换时，在增大所述接合装置的传递转矩容量的同时减小所述接合装置的输入转速和输出转速之间的转速差，其中在所述第一模式中，在使所述接合装置分离并且停止所述发动机时所述车辆由所述第二电动机提供动力，在所述第二模式中，在使所述接合装置接合并且通过所述止动装置停止所述发动机的所述输出轴的旋转时所述车辆由所述第一电动机和所述第二电动机二者提供动力。
具体地，所述止动装置适于控制施加到输出轴的制动力。另外，控制系统可以被配置为：当将行驶模式从第一模式向第二模式切换时，在增大接合装置的传递转矩容量之前，增大由止动装置施加到输出轴的制动力。
控制系统可以被配置为将接合装置的传递转矩容量减小到小于使发动机旋转所要求的转矩。
控制系统可以被配置为：在所述接合装置的输入转速与输出转速之间的转速差减小的情况下，在减小所述第二电动机的转矩的同时增大接合装置的传递转矩容量。
发明的有益效果
因此，本发明的控制系统应用于混合动力车辆，所述混合动力车辆包括：差动机构，其连接到发动机和电动机；接合装置，其适于选择性地中断向所述旋转元件之一的转矩传递；以及止动装置，其布置得比所述接合装置更靠近所述发动机以停止发动机的输出轴。如上所述，控制系统被配置为以如下这样的方式控制第一电动机：当将行驶模式从第一模式向第二模式切换时，在增大所述接合装置的传递转矩容量的同时减小所述接合装置的输入转速和输出转速之间的转速差，其中在所述第一模式中，在使所述接合装置分离并且停止所述发动机时所述车辆由所述第二电动机提供动力，在所述第二模式中，在使所述接合装置接合并且通过所述止动装置停止所述发动机的所述输出轴的旋转时所述车辆由所述第一电动机和所述第二电动机二者提供动力。因此，根据本发明，接合装置能够不用等待其输入转速和输出转速的同步而接合，使得行驶模式能够迅速地从第一模式切换到第二模式。因此，能够提高车辆的加速响应性。
还如所述的，止动装置可适于控制施加到输出轴的制动力。因此，当将行驶模式从第一模式向第二模式切换时，通过在使接合装置接合之前增大由止动装置施加到输出轴的制动力，能够防止发动机在接合装置开始传递转矩时旋转。
通过将接合装置的传递转矩容量减小到小于使发动机旋转所要求的转矩，可以更加确定地防止发动机在接合装置开始传递转矩时旋转。在这种情况下，可以减小由发动机旋转引起的动力损失，使得在切换行驶模式期间可以减少电力消耗。
此外，在接合装置的输入转速和输出转速之间的转速差减小的情况下，通过在减小第二电动机的转矩的同时增大接合装置的传递转矩容量，可以减小接合装置的接合冲击。
附图说明
图1是示出根据本发明的控制例的流程图。
图2是示出在执行图1所示的控制期间第一电动发电机的状态、离合器和制动器的传递转矩容量、离合器的输入轴和输出轴的转速之差的时间变化的时间图。
图3是示意性地示出应用了本发明的控制系统的车辆的第一示例的概要图。
图4是示意性地示出应用了本发明的控制系统的车辆的第二示例的概要图。
图5是示意性地示出应用了本发明的控制系统的车辆的第三示例的概要图。
图6是示意性地示出应用了本发明的控制系统的车辆的第四示例的概要图。
具体实施例
优选例的车辆控制系统应用于具有分别用作原动机的发动机和多个电动机的车辆。图3中示出了应用了控制系统的车辆的第一示例。在图3所示的车辆中，发动机1(在图3中由“ENG”表示)的输出轴2通过离合器K0连接到动力分配装置3。作为在双电动机型混合动力驱动单元中使用的传统动力分配装置，动力分配装置3用作将发动机1的动力分配到电动机和驱动轮4的差动机构。为此，根据优选例，使用单小齿轮式行星齿轮单元作为动力分配装置3。具体而言，动力分配装置3包括：太阳轮6，其连接到第一电动机5(在图3中用“MG1”表示)；多个小齿轮7，其与太阳轮6啮合；行星齿轮架8，其在以绕太阳轮6公转和自转的方式来保持小齿轮7的同时与发动机1连接；以及内齿圈9，其在与小齿轮7啮合的同时与太阳轮6同心地布置。内齿圈9通过未示出的齿轮系(即差动齿轮)连接到驱动轮4以传递转矩。
在动力分配装置3中，通过由第一电动机5产生转矩以克服施加到太阳轮6的发动机1的转矩使得发动机1的转矩可以被传送到驱动轮4，来允许太阳轮6用作反作用力元件。在优选例中，具有发电功能的同步电动机，即电动发电机被用作第一电动机5，并且通过使第一电动机5沿与产生驱动转矩相反的方向旋转来产生电力。也就是说，虽然第一电动机5产生施加到太阳轮6的转矩以克服发动机1的转矩，但是通过使第一电动机5沿与第一电动机5的转矩相反的方向旋转，发动机1的动力被部分地转化为电力。因此，发动机1的动力在第一电动机5的发电量减少时被传送到驱动轮4。
在图3所示的例子中，第二电动机10(在图3中用“MG2”表示)布置在发动机1的输出轴2的延长线上。第二电动机10通过作为单小齿轮式行星齿轮单元的减速装置11连接到内齿圈9。具体地，减速装置11也是差动机构，包括：太阳轮12；行星齿轮架14，其以能自转的方式支撑与太阳轮12啮合的多个小齿轮13；以及内齿圈15，其与太阳轮12同心地布置。太阳轮12被连接到第二电动机10，内齿圈15被连接到动力分配装置3以与其一体地旋转，并且行星齿轮架14连接到诸如壳体的固定构件16。因此，在反转时第二电动机10的转矩根据行星齿轮单元的变速比而被传递到内齿圈15。
第二电动机10也是具有发电功能的同步电动机，即电动发电机。第二电动机10适于改变从发动机1传递到驱动轮4的转矩。具体地，当第一电动机5沿相反方向旋转时，所产生的电力和未示出电池的电力被供给以驱动第二电动机10。相反，当第一电动机5旋转以产生转矩时，第一电动机5的转矩被加到驱动转矩上以推进车辆，并且多余的动力被第二电动机10再次转化为电力。这里，在车辆减速期间，通过使用作发电机的第二电动机10运转，可以将制动力施加到驱动轮4。
根据优选例的车辆不仅可以由发动机1提供动力，而且可以在停止发动机1时由第二电动机10提供动力。在下文中，用于通过第二电动机10的转矩推进车辆的行驶模式将被称为“单一电动机模式”。在单一电动机模式中，第二电动机10的转矩经由内齿圈15被传递到驱动轮4以及传递到动力分配装置3。这里，发动机1的惯性转矩大于第一电动机5的惯性转矩，因此，当第二电动机10的转矩施加到动力分配装置3时，发动机1将不旋转，而第一电动机5空转。也就是说，当第二电动机10的转矩传递到动力分配装置3时，发动机1建立反作用力并且第一电动机5被允许旋转。在这种情况下，第一电动机的这种空转将导致动力损失。为了避免由发动机1的惯性转矩和第一电动机5的空转引起的动力损失，根据图3所示的第一示例，设置了离合器K0以中断与行星齿轮架8一体的输入轴17与发动机1的输出轴2之间的转矩传递。因此，离合器K0用作所要求保护的接合装置。
例如，常规的干式摩擦离合器和湿式摩擦离合器中的任一种均可以被用作离合器K0。具体地，干式摩擦离合器适于通过膜片弹簧弹性地使摩擦片接合，并且通过由致动器沿着使这些摩擦片彼此分离的方向推动膜片弹簧而使摩擦片分开。而湿式摩擦离合器适于根据液压致动器或电磁致动器的致动而接合。另外，代替摩擦离合器，其转矩容量可以逐渐改变的其他类型的离合器也可以被用作离合器K0。
在单一电动机模式中，车辆仅由第二电动机10提供动力，因此不能产生大的驱动力。当需要大于第二电动机10的最大转矩的驱动力来推进图3所示的车辆时，第一电动机5的转矩可以加到第二电动机10的转矩上。在下面的描述中，用于通过第一电动机5和第二电动机10二者的转矩来推进车辆的行驶模式将被称为“双电动机模式”。根据优选例，制动器BK布置在发动机1的输出轴2上以停止其旋转。具体地，制动器BK固定到固定构件16，使得当其接合时制动力被施加到输出轴2。在图3所示的第一示例中，虽然适于摩擦地停止输出轴2的旋转的摩擦接合装置被用作制动器BK，但是诸如单向离合器或犬牙式离合器的其他类型的制动装置也可以用作固定机构。因此，制动器BK用作所要求保护的止动装置。
如上所述，行星齿轮架8被允许用作反作用力元件，以通过在使离合器K0接合时使制动器BK接合来停止发动机1的输出轴2的旋转而将第一电动机5的转矩传递到驱动轮4。因此，允许车辆在双电动机模式下通过第一电动机5和第二电动机10的总转矩来推进。
相比之下，当制动器BK处于接合时，离合器K0会通过来自驱动轮4的输入转矩而滑动从而用作制动器BK的转矩限制器。因此，能够防止制动器BK被过大的转矩损坏，并且不需要使用具有高刚性的大的接合装置作为制动器BK。
图3中所示的车辆设置有电子控制单元19以控制发动机1、电动发电机5和10、离合器K0和制动器BK。ECU 19包括微型计算机，其被配置为基于预先安装的数据和将被输入到其的数据或命令信号来实行计算，并且被配置为将计算结果以命令信号的形式发送到发动机1、电动机5和10、离合器K0、制动器BK等。
根据优选例的控制系统被配置为当要求的驱动转矩增大时，迅速地将行驶模式从单一电动机模式切换到双电动机模式。现在参考图1，这里示出了迅速切换行驶模式的控制示例，并且其中所示的例程以预定时间间隔被重复。在步骤S1，判定当前行驶模式是否是单一电动机模式。例如，步骤S1的判定可以基于存在用于使离合器K0分离的命令信号而做出。替换地，步骤S1的判定也可以基于例如由加速踏板(未示出)的下压所表示的驱动要求而做出。
如果车辆不是在单一电动机模式下被推进，而是在双电动机模式下被推进或者由发动机1提供动力，使得步骤S1的回答为否，则返回例程。相反，如果车辆是在单一电动机模式下被推进使得步骤S1的回答为是，则在步骤S2判定行驶模式是否被要求切换到双电动机模式。在步骤S2，具体地，判定要求驱动力是否大于仅由第二电动机10能够产生的单一电动机模式的最大驱动力。
如果行驶模式未被要求切换到双电动机模式使得步骤S2的回答为否，则返回例程。相反，行驶模式被要求切换到双电动机模式使得步骤S2的回答为是，则开始离合器K0和制动器BK的接合控制。如上所述，在单一电动机模式下发动机1停止并且离合器K0处于分离，因此在这种情况下输出轴2和第一电动机5都不旋转。因此，在步骤S3执行第一电动机5的转速控制以开始使第一电动机5沿与发动机1的旋转方向相反的逆向旋转，以便减小输出轴2和输入轴17之间的转速差。然后，在步骤S4开始制动器BK的接合，并且在步骤S5离合器K0的传递转矩容量增大。
这里，从步骤S3到S5的顺序不限于上述顺序，并且这些步骤可以被同时实行。根据优选例，在使第一电动机5逆向旋转时使离合器K0逐渐接合，并且在这种情况下，可以通过在使离合器K0接合之前使制动器BK接合来防止发动机1旋转。由于这些原因，优选地实行步骤S4以开始制动器BK的接合，然后实行步骤S5以开始离合器K0的接合。另外，当通过在离合器K0的接合开始之前开始使第一电动机5旋转而开始离合器K0的接合时，可以减小第一电动机5的惯性转矩。也就是说，当开始离合器K0的接合时，可以防止发动机1由于第一电动机5的转矩而旋转。因此，根据这个观点，优选的是，在离合器K0的接合开始之前实行步骤S3以使第一电动机5旋转。因此，根据优选例，步骤S3至S5以图1所示的顺序实行。
然后，在步骤S6，判定离合器K0是否完全接合。例如，可以基于输入轴17的转速与输出轴2的转速同步的事实来做出步骤S6的这种判定。替代地，步骤S6的判定也可以基于给致动离合器K0的致动器的命令信号来做出。如果离合器K0不是完全接合使得步骤S6的回答为否，则重复步骤S6直到离合器K0完全接合。相反，如果离合器K0处于完全接合使得步骤S6的回答为是，则在步骤S7判定制动器BK是否完全接合。例如，可以基于给致动制动器BK的致动器的命令信号来做出步骤S7的这种判定。替代地，步骤S7的判定也可以通过确认输出轴2是否通过从第一电动机5向其施加小的转矩来旋转而做出。
这里，将参照图2所示的时间图对在执行图1所示的控制期间第一电动发电机的状态、离合器K0和制动器BK的传递转矩容量、输入轴17和输出轴2之间的转速差的时间变化进行说明。在图2所示的例子中，车辆在时间点t0在单一电动机模式下被推进，并且第一电动机5停止而不产生转矩。在这种情况下，离合器K0和制动器BK都处于分离而不传递转矩，并且输出轴2和输入轴17之间的转速差相对大。
然后，在时间点t1做出将行驶模式切换为双电动机模式的步骤S2的判定，第一电动机5开始旋转，并且开始离合器K0和制动器BK的接合。在这种情况下，离合器K0的传递转矩容量被减小到小于发动机1的摩擦转矩和惯性转矩以及制动器BK的制动转矩的总和，以便当使离合器K0接合时不使发动机1旋转。在图2所示的例子中，在时间点t1离合器K0和制动器BK的接合与开始使第一电动机5沿逆向旋转同时开始。
如从图2可以看出，在时间点t1第一电动机5的大的输出转矩被要求开始逆向旋转。然后，为了减小离合器K0的接合冲击，随着输出轴2与输入轴17之间的转速差的减小，在增大离合器K0的传递转矩容量的同时，第一电动机5的输出转矩逐渐减小。
然后，当在时间点t2输入轴17的转速与输出轴2的转速同步时，离合器K0的传递转矩容量增大到最大值，使得离合器K0开始传递转矩而不滑动。在这种情况下，第一电动机5的输出转矩保持在预定水平。然后，经过预定一段时间后在时间点t3判定制动器BK的接合完成。例如，在从时间t2至t3的期间，也可以通过确认如下事实来判定制动器BK的接合完成：即使第一电动机5的转矩在第二电动机10的转矩减小时增大，输出轴2也不旋转。在制动器BK的接合完成之后，行驶模式切换到双电动机模式，使得可以通过增大第一电动机5的输出转矩来实现要求驱动力。
因此，根据图1和图2所示的优选例，离合器K0的接合可以在减小输出轴2和输入轴17之间的转速差时开始。也就是说，可以不用等待输入转速和输出转速的同步而使离合器K0接合。因此，能够根据需要迅速地增大驱动力。另外，离合器K0的传递转矩容量被减小到小于发动机1的摩擦转矩和惯性转矩以及制动器BK的制动转矩的总和，使得能够防止发动机1在离合器K0接合时旋转。因此，能够减小由于发动机1旋转而产生的动力损失，使得能够在从单一电动机模式向双电动机模式切换期间减小电力消耗。此外，由于制动器BK在增大离合器K0的传递转矩容量之前接合，因此必然能够防止发动机1旋转。因此，能够迅速地增大离合器K0的传递转矩容量以使行驶模式从单一电动机模式切换到双电动机模式。
此外，由于发动机1的旋转被如此防止，因此在行驶模式的切换操作期间，发动机1的停止位置，即停止发动机1的曲轴转角，将不改变。因此，发动机1能够被起动而不产生由转矩变化引起的冲击和噪声。另外，通过在减小输出轴2与输入轴17之间的转速差时如此逐渐增大离合器K0的传递转矩容量，能够减小离合器K0的接合冲击。
优选例的控制系统不仅可以应用于图3所示的示例。而且也可以应用于图4至图6所示的示例。这里，将共同的附图标记分配给与图4和图6所示的示例中的元件相同的元件，并将省略对这些共同元件的详细说明。
在图4所示的第二示例中，第一电动机5被布置在输入轴17的延长线上。副轴20被布置为平行于动力分配装置3和第一电动机5的共同旋转轴线，且副从动齿轮22被装配到副轴20上以与其一体地旋转，同时与形成在内齿圈9上的输出齿轮21啮合。
根据第二示例，第二电动机10的转矩被加到从动力分配装置3传递到主动轴23的转矩上。为此，第二电动机10被布置为平行于副轴20，并且连接第二电动机10的转子的减速齿轮24与副从动齿轮22啮合。减速齿轮24在直径上小于副从动齿轮22，使得第二电动机10的转矩在被放大同时可以向其传递。
副主动齿轮25也装配在副轴20的另一侧以与其一体旋转，同时与用作最终减速齿轮的差动齿轮单元26的内齿圈27啮合。
为了中断发动机1和驱动轮4之间的转矩传递，如图5所示，离合器K0也可以被布置在第一电动机5和太阳轮6之间，或者如图6所示，被布置在内齿圈9和输出齿轮21之间。根据图5和图6所示的第三示例和第四示例，在这些示例中，离合器K0未布置在发动机1和分配装置3之间，输出轴2可以与输入轴17一体地形成。
优选例的控制系统还可以应用于发动机1连接到行星齿轮架8并且第一电动机5连接到太阳轮6的车辆。在如此构造的车辆中，在从单一电动机模式向双电动机模式的切换期间，施加给内齿圈9的第一电动机5的转矩将沿与图3所示的车辆中的方向相反的方向作用。因此，在这种情况下，第一电动机5将沿与图2中所示的方向相反的方向旋转。可选地，另外的电动机可以被布置在动力分配装置3和驱动轮4之间。

Claims (4)

1.一种用于混合动力车辆的控制系统，所述混合动力车辆具有：
原动机,其包括发动机(1)和多个电动机(5,10)；
差动机构(3)，其具有连接到所述发动机(1)的第一旋转元件(8)、连接到第一电动机(5)的第二旋转元件(6)以及连接到第二电动机(10)和驱动轮(4)的第三旋转元件(9)；
接合装置(K0)，其适于中断向旋转元件之一的转矩传递，并且适于改变所述接合装置的传递转矩容量；以及
止动装置(BK)，其在被固定到固定构件(16)时布置得比所述接合装置(K0)更靠近所述发动机(1)，并且所述止动装置(BK)适于当其处于接合时停止所述发动机(1)的输出轴(2)的旋转，
其特征在于：
所述控制系统被配置为以如下这样的方式控制所述第一电动机(5)：当将行驶模式从第一模式向第二模式切换时，在增大所述接合装置(K0)的传递转矩容量的同时减小所述接合装置(K0)的输入转速和输出转速之间的转速差，其中在所述第一模式中，在使所述接合装置(K0)分离并且停止所述发动机(1)时所述车辆由所述第二电动机(10)提供动力，在所述第二模式中，在使所述接合装置(K0)接合并且通过所述止动装置(BK)停止所述发动机(1)的所述输出轴(2)的旋转时所述车辆由所述第一电动机(5)和所述第二电动机(10)二者提供动力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于混合动力车辆的控制系统，
其中，所述止动装置(BK)适于控制施加到所述输出轴(2)的制动力，并且
其中，所述控制系统进一步被配置为：当将所述行驶模式从所述第一模式向所述第二模式切换时，在增大所述接合装置(K0)的所述传递转矩容量之前，增大由所述止动装置(BK)施加到所述输出轴(2)的所述制动力。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于混合动力车辆的控制系统，
其中，所述控制系统进一步被配置为将所述接合装置(K0)的所述传递转矩容量减小到小于使所述发动机(1)旋转所要求的转矩。
4.根据权利要求1至3所述的用于混合动力车辆的控制系统，
其中，所述控制系统进一步被配置为：在所述接合装置(K0)的所述输入转速与所述输出转速之间的所述转速差减小的情况下，在减小所述第二电动机(10)的转矩的同时增大接合装置(K0)的传递转矩容量。
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