CN106573529B - 具有补偿电动机器的混合动力变速器以及用于控制档位改换的方法 - Google Patents

具有补偿电动机器的混合动力变速器以及用于控制档位改换的方法 Download PDF

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CN106573529B
CN106573529B CN201580039041.4A CN201580039041A CN106573529B CN 106573529 B CN106573529 B CN 106573529B CN 201580039041 A CN201580039041 A CN 201580039041A CN 106573529 B CN106573529 B CN 106573529B
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gear
electrically powered
hybrid gearbox
powered machine
countershaft
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CN106573529A (zh
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N·弗雷莫
A·维尔纳夫
A·凯特菲-谢里夫
A·维尼翁
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Renault SAS
Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/36Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
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    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48Parallel type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0806Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with a plurality of driving or driven shafts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • F16H3/091Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears including a single countershaft
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    • Y10S903/915Specific drive or transmission adapted for hev
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种具有补偿电动机器的混合动力变速器以及用于控制档位改换的方法,该机动车辆配备有热力发动机和主驱动电动机器(8),该混合动力变速器包括:两个同心输入轴(3,4),这两个同心输入轴无断开离合器地被连接到该热力发动机的曲轴(1)上并且连接到该电动机器(8)上;输出轴(5),该输出轴通过差速器(7)来连接到该车辆的车轮上;以及轴(6),该轴用于将运动从输入轴(3)传递至该输出轴(5)并且用于联接这些输入轴(3,4),其特征在于,该电动机器(8)被安排在这些输入轴(3,4)的相对于该热力发动机的相反的末端处。

Description

具有补偿电动机器的混合动力变速器以及用于控制档位改换 的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于机动车辆的混合动力变速器的领域,首先包括用于驱动的内燃发动机并且其次包括电动机器。
更确切地,本发明的目的是一种用于机动车辆的混合动力变速器,该机动车辆配备有用于驱动的内燃发动机和电动机器,该混合动力变速器包括:两个同心主轴,这两个同心主轴无断开离合器地来连接到该内燃发动机的曲轴上和该电动机器上;副轴,该副轴通过差速器来连接到该车辆的车轮上;以及轴,该轴用于将运动从主轴传递至该副轴。
本发明的另一个目的是一种用于在这样一种变速器上控制档位变换的方法,该方法使用在主轴上的三位置联接装置、在副轴上的三位置联接装置、以及在传递轴上的三位置联接装置。
背景技术
混合动力变速器的主要益处在于,车辆的运动传动系可以得益于两种能量源(内燃发动机和电动机),来自这两种能量源的转矩输出可以通过所谓的混合动力模式来累积、或者可以在“纯燃烧发动机”模式或“纯电动”模式中分开地使用,在该纯燃烧发动机模式中该电动机器不对动力传动系供应转矩,在该纯电动模式中该内燃发动机不对动力传动系供应转矩。还需要其他功能,例如在静止或滚动时通过将电动机器用作为起动机、或将电动机器用作为电流产生器从而为电池充电来使内燃发动机起动的可能性。
公开文件WO 2013/060955披露了一种混合动力变速器,该混合动力变速器由于包括两个同心主轴、第一副轴、和第二副轴的架构而提供所有这些功能,这两个同心主轴分别连接到内燃发动机和电动机器上,该第一副轴被连接到该车辆的车轮上,该第二副轴将运动从主轴递送至差速器。这些主轴经由元件来联接,该元件可以占据三个位置,其中:
-内燃发动机与将电动机器连接到车轮上的传动系脱离联接、或者经由第二副轴联接到其上,
-被连接到内燃发动机上的主轴联接至第一副轴、或者联接至与电动机器连接的主轴,以及
-被连接到内燃发动机上的主轴联接至与电动机器连接的主轴,从而累积其转矩输出。
这种变速器具有四个燃烧发动机或混合动力档位以及两个电动档位。该变速器具有主要与其尺寸相关联的某些缺点。该变速器的总长度是由将四个大齿轮、两个爪式离合器组以及输入小齿轮对齐而施加的。这种堆叠对于一些小型车辆而言过长。从曲轴轴线来看,该变速器的横向尺寸或“面罩(masque)”施加了对于许多应用而言过大的前悬。
同样,这四个发动机档位(第二档位和第四档位)中的两者独立于电动档位,但是对这些档位之一(第三档位)的选择必须与电动档位的选择相关联。
发明内容
本发明提出提供一种混合动力变速器,该混合动力变速器在两个尺寸方面均比其前身更加紧凑,同时由于其减速齿轮的独立性而在使用内燃发动机和电动机器时具有更大的灵活性。
为此目的,本发明提供的是,电动机器被安排在主线的相对于内燃发动机的相反末端处。
优选地,该变速器仅具有由副轴承载的单个差速器输入小齿轮以确保将运动在车辆的车轮的方向上传递至差速器。
在具体实施例中,该变速器包括联接至传递轴的第二电动机器。
该变速器的这三个联接装置可以受到三位置电动档位转换组和五位置燃烧发动机档位转换功能组的控制。
附图说明
本发明的进一步的特性和优点将通过阅读以下其非限制性实施例、参照附图所给出的说明而清楚地显现出,在附图中:
-图1示出了本发明的第一实施例,
-图2示出了本发明的第二实施例,
-图3是对应于第一实施例的功能表格,
-图4是对应于第二实施例的功能表格,
-图5至图7展示了加速序列的三个示例,
-图8A和图8B展示了具有这两个电动机器的标准混合动力功能模式,
-图9展示了具有这两个电动机器的在转矩下的电动档位的改换,
-图10、图11A和图11B展示了第二电动机器的断开连接,
-图12和图13示出了对于驻车功能的安装的两种可能性,
-图14是图2的替代方案,其中变速器由第二电动机器驱动,并且
-图15A和图15B示出了在由本发明获得的变速器的面罩中的减小。
具体实施方式
在图1中的用于机动车辆(配备有用于驱动的内燃发动机和电动机器8)的混合动力变速器包括两个同心主轴3、4,这两个同心主轴无断开离合器地连接到内燃发动机Ice(未示出)的曲轴1上和电动机器8上。该混合动力变速器包括副轴5和轴6,该副轴通过差速器7来连接到车辆的车轮上,该轴用于将主轴3的运动传递至副轴5并且用于联接这些主轴。实心主轴3经由过滤系统2(减振轮毂、双质量飞轮或类似元件)来直接连接到内燃发动机(Ice)的曲轴1的凸耳上。空心主轴4被连接到电动机器8上,该电动机器被安排在主线3、4的相对于内燃发动机的相反末端处。副轴5承载差速器7的输入小齿轮24。传递轴6永久地被连接到实心主轴3上。该传递轴在一定的变速器档位中将来自该主轴的运动递送至副轴,但是不将直接输入给予到差速器中。变速器仅具有由副轴5承载的单个差速器输入小齿轮24以确保将运动在车辆的车轮的方向上传递。空心主轴4承载电动档位A和B的两个固定电动小齿轮9、10,这两个固定电动小齿轮与副轴5的两个电动惰小齿轮11、12接合。副轴还承载燃烧发动机(或混合)档位Ic2、和Ic3或Ic4;Ic2EvA、和Ic3EvA或Ic4EvA;Ic2EvB、和Ic3EvB或Ic4EvB的两个固定大齿轮13、14。第二档位和第四档位的惰小齿轮15、16由实心主轴3承载,该实心主轴还承载与传递轴6的固定联接小齿轮18接合的固定主联接小齿轮17。第三档位的惰小齿轮19与第一档位中的这些主轴的惰联接小齿轮20一起由传递轴6承载。
该变速器包括三个联接装置21、22、23。第一联接装置21或电动联接装置由副轴5承载。该第一联接装置或电动联接装置允许这两个电动档位A、B的接合。第二联接装置22由实心主轴3承载。该第二联接装置允许第二燃烧发动机档位和第四燃烧发动机档位的接合。第三档位和主轴的联接(第一档位和第五档位以及电池充电)是由传递轴6承载的第三联接装置23来确保。
在图2上展示的实施例中,在相同的安排中发现相同的元件。该变速器此外包括第二电动机器29,该第二电动机器通过输入小齿轮28来联接至传递轴6,该输入小齿轮经由被固定到平行轴27上的小齿轮26来驱动在传递轴上的第二电动机器29的固定输入小齿轮25。如果需要,可以添加在图2上未示出但是存在于图10、图11A、图11B上的附加的联接装置30。该附加的联接装置允许将第二电动机器29连接到变速器上或者使该第二电动机器与该变速器断开连接。
在所描述的这两种模式中,该变速器具有在传递轴6的惰小齿轮19、主轴3的惰小齿轮16、以及副轴5的固定大齿轮14之间的三重齿轮传动16、19、14。
连接器件21、22、23可以具有任何类型:卡爪联接、同步器、湿式离合器或其他。该电动机器也可以具有任何类型:呈任何类型的径向安排(内或外转子)或轴向安排的由水、空气或油冷却的磁体机器、异步机器、磁阻机器。减振飞轮2也可以具有任何类型,并且所使用的过滤可以具有大的弯曲弹簧、单个斜坡或两个斜坡。与第一电动机器相似,第二电动机器29可以具有任何类型。该第二电动机器可以通过“附加其上”的安排来安装在变速器上(其中该机器和其变速器在这种情况下构成与变速器壳体偏置的组件),或者该第二电动机器可以通过“附加其中”的安排来整合到其内部中。
在所描述的两种模式中:
-第一主轴3承载允许将运动永久地传递至传递轴6的固定大齿轮17、以及燃烧发动机或混合动力档位的两个惰小齿轮15、16,这两个惰小齿轮与副轴5的固定大齿轮13、14接合,
-第二主轴4承载电动档位A、B的两个固定大齿轮9、10,这两个固定大齿轮与副轴5的两个惰小齿轮11、12接合,
-副轴5承载电动档位A和B的这两个惰小齿轮11和12、第二档位、第三档位和第四档位的两个固定小齿轮13、14以及差速器输入小齿轮24,
-传递轴6承载与第一主轴3的固定大齿轮17接合的固定的联接小齿轮18、以及分别与第一主轴3的惰小齿轮16和第二主轴4上的固定大齿轮10接合的两个惰小齿轮19、20。
这三个联接装置各自具有三个位置,在图3上示出了这三个位置的不同组合:
-空档Ice,对应于内燃发动机与电动机器脱离联接,该电动机器停止(空档Ev)或经由电动档位A或B(EvA或EvB)将转矩供应至车轮,
-Ice2、Ice EvA、Ice2EvB,单独对应于第二燃烧发动机档位,或者具有经由档位A或B供应的电动转矩,
-Ice3、Ice3EvA、Ice3EvB,单独对应于第三燃烧发动机档位,或者具有经由档位A或B供应的电动转矩,
-Ice4、Ice4EvA、Ice4EvB,单独对应于第四燃烧发动机档位,或者具有经由档位A或B供应的电动转矩,
-EvA Ice1、智能充电、EvB Ice5,对应于通过传递轴将这些主轴联接至第一燃烧发动机档位、在再充电模式中联接至第五燃烧发动机档位。
实心主轴3的联接装置22的这三个位置如下:
-位置,在该位置中被连接到内燃发动机上的主轴3与将电动机器8连接至这些车轮的传动系脱离联接(空档Ice和Ic3)、或经由传递轴6来联接到该处(联接)、或联接至电动机器8(联接列),以及
-两个位置,在这两个位置中被连接到内燃发动机上的主轴3被直接联接至副轴5(Ice2和Ice4)。
副轴的联接装置21可以占据以下位置:
-位置,在该位置中被连接到电动机器8上的主轴4与副轴5脱离联接(空档Ev),以及
-两个位置,在这两个位置中被连接到电动机器7上的主轴4被直接联接至副轴5(EvA和EvB)。
传递轴的联接装置21可以占据三个位置,其中:
-传递轴6与副轴5脱离联接(空档Ice、Ic2、Ic4),
-传递轴确保将运动从内燃发动机传递至副轴5(Ice3),以及
-传递轴将这两个主轴3、4联接(联接)。
对应于第二实施例的图4看起来像图3,但是其添加了被标记为HSG(对应于“高压起动发电机”)的第二电动机器。在并行式混合功能模式中可使用这三个燃烧发动机档位Ice2、Ice3、Ice4,其中第二电动机器29独自、或者电动机器8、29二者与这两个电动档位A、B之一联接。
根据图3和图4,变速器的功能可以被限制为主轴和传递轴的联接装置22、23的位置的3x 3组合中的五者。所选择的组合分别用于档位Ice2和Ice4以及用于档位Ice3和联接。为了避免变速器由于两个燃烧发动机档位的无意间接合而造成的阻塞,这两个装置可以由手动变速箱的常规选择/转换系统来控制,其中在转换线上的档位接合之前对转换线进行选择:为了对由图3中的15位置表格展示的所有档位进行接合并且为了运行对于变速器的良好功能所必要的所有档位改换,这三个联接装置22、21、23有利地受到三位置电动档位转换组和五位置燃烧发动机档位转换功能组的控制。
图5展示了使电驱动最小化的加速序列,尤其适用于“周三(desemaine)”使用模式,具有在若干行程之间对电池再充电的可能性。车辆在电动档位EvA中起动。通过在以下序列中的转矩中断来实现转换至电动档位EvB(该电动档位例如在约70km/h时进行):将电动转矩断开连接、将EvA的惰小齿轮11脱离接合、使电动机器在无负载下进行同步使得EvB的惰小齿轮12达到副轴5的速度、然后将档位B接合并且重新连接转矩。然后可以选择档位EvB Ic4:通过电动机将牵引维持在档位EvB、(使用其特定的起动器装置)使内燃发动机起动并且然后在无负载下进行同步直到档位Ic4的惰小齿轮14的速度、将内燃发动机Ice接合、然后在这个内燃发动机与电动机器8之间调整转矩水平。为了优化燃料消耗并且避免电动机器的驱动的损耗,可以将电动机器断开连接和使其停止。然而电动机器可以重新连接以用于再生或用于加速度方面的转矩增加(增压)。
图6是在已知为“周三舒适模式(mode semaine confort)”的使用模式中的具有电动驱动但没有转矩损耗的序列。车辆在电动档位EvA中起动直至例如约70km/h。内燃发动机起动,然后无负载地运转直到达到档位Ic3的惰小齿轮19的速度。内燃发动机被接合,然后在这个内燃发动机与电动机器8之间调整转矩水平。然后,通过在将小齿轮11脱离接合之前将电动机转矩断开连接、在无负载下将电动机器同步使得其达到档位EvB的速度、然后将小齿轮12接合来进行从档位EvA Ic3到档位EvB Ic3(例如约80km/h)的转换。超过100km/h,则可以进行从EvB Ic3到EvB Ic4的转换,同时将电动牵引维持在档位EvB中。来自内燃发动机的转矩被断开连接,然后被传递至EvB;内燃发动机(通过或不通过附加的摩擦装置)被制动并且减速。当Ice4的惰小齿轮12的速度达到时,将内燃发动机Ice接合。转矩再次在内燃发动机与电动机器8之间分布。
图7给出了强加速请求序列的示例,其中适用于第二电动机器29的支持。车辆仍然在电动档位EvA中起动。在约25km/h时,内燃发动机在档位Ice2中起动。约82km/h,电动机器可以从档位EvA切换至档位EvB,并且在约100km/h时转换至档位EvB Ic3。在这种“大踩油门”类型的序列中,来自电动机器和内燃发动机的转矩不穿过主线的相同小齿轮。可以将电动机器和内燃发动机的全部转矩没有限制地传输至车轮。
第二电动机器的存在允许给变速器添加大量的功能性。内燃发动机的起动可以更安静并且更快,而没有起动器的噪音。急速起动对于驾驶愉悦性而言是必要的,尤其是用于超车时提供额外的动力。这种急速还允许了只要其不再用于牵引就立即断开连接。于是尤其是通过消除减速时的发动机制动使得电动机器的再生动力最大化而能够在燃料消耗方面产生节约。同样,在所谓的“滑行(sailing)”模式中可以仅单独通过电动机器而没有发动机制动地维持低负载。
第二电动机器29还由于其电动同步(被称为e-同步)而允许了在档位改换方面的改善。正如电动机器的转矩控制比内燃发动机的更快且更精确,附加的具有直接输出的第二电动机器允许在档位转换过程中在无负载下对内燃发动机进行更精细地控制。在具体方面,减少了转换时间和接合冲击。具体地,在从短档位到较长的档位的转换时可以恢复由内燃发动机的飞轮的惯性存储的动能,其中内燃发动机必须放慢。
如上所表明的,变速器通过其两个电动机器而具有多个标准的混合模式。这些标准混合模式在燃料消耗和驾驶愉悦性方面尤其良好适配于例如在城市用途中或在拥堵中的低负载和低速度。这些模式还用于独立于牵引地将催化转化器加热至优化充电水平。因此可以减少排放,同时将产生的能量存储在电池中。
最后,附加的第二电动机器29允许在负载下没有启动内燃发动机(没有燃烧,即,在电动模式中)地但是通过在无负载下对其进行驱动来允许电动档位的改换(从EvA到EvB,反之亦然)。电动档位A、B和B、A的改换在转矩下进行,从而使得内燃发动机无喷射燃料地旋转。在图9中的由第一电动机器8(步骤1)产生的从第一档位A的这个序列如下:
a)经由无燃料喷射的内燃发动机使第二电动机器29与第二电动档位EvB的惰小齿轮12的速度同步,并且将第二电动机器29接合(步骤2),
b)通过第二电动机器29供应转矩并且使档位EvA脱离接合(步骤3),
c)使第一电动机器8同步并且由此将转矩供应至第二档位EvB(步骤4),
d)将第二电动机器29断开连接。
转矩在步骤2与步骤4之间暂时地从一个机器传递至另一个机器。当在无负载下驱动时,第二电动机器的补偿动力水平从内燃发动机的阻力中扣除。在相同条件下,在大踩油门模式中或抬起脚时从EvA到EvB的转换在转矩下进行,其中在后一种情况下维持发动机制动。
图10展示了所描述的第二实施例的改进,允许使第二电动机器29与内燃发动机Ice脱离联接。由第二电动机器29的转轴承载的附加的联接装置30消除了其中的机械或电磁驱动损耗。这种安排允许减少燃料消耗。其益处在高速公路上的延长驾驶方面可以感受得到。装置30可以具有任何类型,例如由电磁体致动的、被整合或没有整合在机器30中的爪式离合器。
图11A和图11B展示了第二实施例的另一个改进,同样允许使第二电动机器与内燃发动机脱离联接。附加的联接装置30被放置在传递轴6的末端处,在其固定联接小齿轮18之外。在第二机器29中和在传递轴6(尤其是在高速公路上)的驱动损耗被消除,从而减少燃料消耗、或者从而在电动档位EvA或EvB中将其动力与第一电动机器的动力累积。第二机器29还作用于在这两个电动档位EvA与EvB之间在转矩下的转换时增加电动补偿水平。
如在图12上表明的,这些主轴23的联接装置可以包括在传递轴6周围的固定卡爪环32以用于实施驻车功能。卡爪环32与其联接装置23协同以执行驻车制动的功能。于是与内燃发动机相关联的转换/选择功能的五个位置变为空档、驻车档、第一档、第二档、第三档。
图13示出了驻车档位在变速器上的初始安装。传递轴的接近度使其难以照常将驻车功能安装在副轴上,因此驻车齿轮33被放置在直接链接至车轮的传递轴6的的第三档位惰小齿轮19上,同时充分可用于安装驻车齿轮致动器。
最后,图14示出了第二实施例的又另一个变体,其中第二电动机器29驱动传递轴6的联接小齿轮18。
使用由本发明提出的混合动力变速器存在许多优点和可能性。其长度相对于已知的混合动力变速器而言有所减小。这个长度是通过将仅五个大齿轮和两个离合器组对齐来确定的,从而由于省却了在副线上的差速器输入小齿轮来允许减少约15mm。
如上所表明的,单个输入小齿轮的存在允许了变速器的面罩的减小,其因此可以更容易地整合在小型车辆中。图15A和图15B展示了在面罩中相对于包括两个副轴5、5'的已知混合动力变速器(图15A)的减小,这两个副轴均将输入给予到差速器7中。通过两个副轴和两个输入小齿轮(图15A),该已知混合动力变速器的位置通过这两个副轴的相对接近度来确定。这需要使用大环以便能够同时与两个输入小齿轮接合并且实现短的减少。为了乘客在碰撞情况下的安全以及转向环的定位,这些约束尤其在小型车辆中施加了变速器在发动机舱中的安装问题。根据本发明(图15B),变速器仅具有单个副轴5,并且穿过传递轴6的运动经由该单个副轴5来传递至差速器。这种架构允许使用更小的差速器环。减小了该变速器的面罩。该变速器因此更加容易整合在小型车辆中。
最后,在电动模式和在内燃发动机模式中的档位改换的独立性在电动和燃烧发动机档位的使用中给予了很大的灵活性,同时在驾驶者的转矩需求、声学以及车辆的燃料消耗之间保持了最佳折衷。

Claims (22)

1.一种用于机动车辆的混合动力变速器,该机动车辆配备有用于驱动的内燃发动机和电动机器(8),该混合动力变速器包括:实心主轴(3)和空心主轴(4),该实心主轴和该空心主轴同心并且无断开离合器地连接到该内燃发动机的曲轴(1)上和该电动机器(8)上;副轴(5),该副轴通过差速器(7)连接到该机动车辆的车轮上;以及传递轴(6),该传递轴用于将运动从实心主轴(3)传递至该副轴(5)并且用于联接所述实心主轴(3)和空心主轴(4),其特征在于,该电动机器(8)被安排在所联接的实心主轴(3)和空心主轴(4)的相对于该内燃发动机的相反末端处。
2.如权利要求1所述的混合动力变速器,其特征在于,该混合动力变速器具有由该副轴(5)承载的单个差速器输入小齿轮(24)以确保将运动在该机动车辆的车轮的方向上传递至该差速器(7)。
3.如权利要求2所述的混合动力变速器,其特征在于,实心主轴(3)承载确保将运动永久地传递至该传递轴(6)的固定大齿轮(17)、以及混合动力或内燃发动机档位的两个惰小齿轮(15,16),这两个惰小齿轮与该副轴(5)的固定大齿轮(13,14)接合。
4.如权利要求3所述的混合动力变速器,其特征在于,空心主轴(4)承载电动机齿轮的两个固定大齿轮(9,10),这两个固定大齿轮与该副轴(5)的两个惰小齿轮(11,12)接合。
5.如权利要求4所述的混合动力变速器,其特征在于,该传递轴(6)承载与该实心主轴(3)的固定大齿轮(17)接合的固定的联接小齿轮(18)、以及分别与该实心主轴(3)的惰小齿轮(16)和该空心主轴(4)的固定大齿轮(10)接合的两个惰小齿轮(19,20)。
6.如权利要求5所述的混合动力变速器,其特征在于,该混合动力变速器具有在该传递轴(6)的惰小齿轮(19)、实心主轴(3)的惰小齿轮(16)、以及该副轴(5)的固定大齿轮(14)之间的三重齿轮传动(16,19,14)。
7.如权利要求3所述的混合动力变速器,其特征在于,该混合动力变速器具有在该实心主轴(3)上的联接装置(22),该联接装置能够占据:
-位置,在该位置中被连接到该内燃发动机上的该主轴(3)与将该电动机器(8)连接至这些车轮的传动系脱离联接、或通过该传递轴(6)来联接到该处、或联接至该电动机器(8),以及
-两个位置,在这两个位置中被连接到该内燃发动机上的该实心主轴(3)被直接联接至该副轴(5)。
8.如权利要求4所述的混合动力变速器,其特征在于,该混合动力变速器具有在该副轴(5)上的联接装置(21),该联接装置能够占据:
-位置,在该位置中被连接到该电动机器(8)上的该空心主轴(4)与该副轴(5)脱离联接,以及
-两个位置,在这两个位置中被连接到该电动机器(8)上的该空心主轴(4)被直接联接至该副轴(5)。
9.如权利要求4所述的混合动力变速器,其特征在于,该混合动力变速器具有在该传递轴(6)上的联接装置(23),该联接装置能够占据三个位置,其中:
-该传递轴(6)与该副轴(5)脱离联接,
-该传递轴(6)确保将运动从该内燃发动机传递至该副轴(5),以及
-该传递轴确保将所述实心主轴(3)和空心主轴(4)联接。
10.如权利要求4所述的混合动力变速器,其特征在于,
该混合动力变速器具有在该实心主轴(3)上的能占据下列三个位置的三位置联接装置(22):
-第一位置,在该第一位置中被连接到该内燃发动机上的该主轴(3)与将该电动机器(8)连接至这些车轮的传动系脱离联接、或通过该传递轴(6)来联接到该处、或联接至该电动机器(8),以及
-第二和第三位置,在所述第二和第三位置中被连接到该内燃发动机上的该实心主轴(3)被直接联接至该副轴(5);
该混合动力变速器具有在该副轴(5)上的能够占据下列三个位置的三位置联接装置(21):
-第四位置,在该第四位置中被连接到该电动机器(8)上的该空心主轴(4)与该副轴(5)脱离联接,以及
-第五和第六位置,在所述第五和第六位置中被连接到该电动机器(8)上的该空心主轴(4)被直接联接至该副轴(5);以及
该混合动力变速器具有在该传递轴(6)上的能占据下列三个位置的三位置联接装置(23):
-第七位置,在该第七位置中该传递轴(6)与该副轴(5)脱离联接,
-第八位置,在该第八位置中该传递轴(6)确保将运动从该内燃发动机传递至该副轴(5),以及
-第九位置,在该第九位置中该传递轴确保将所述实心主轴(3)和空心主轴(4)联接。
11.如权利要求10所述的混合动力变速器,其特征在于,该混合动力变速器包括被联接至该传递轴(6)的第二电动机器(29)。
12.如权利要求11所述的混合动力变速器,其特征在于,该混合动力变速器包括附加的联接装置(30),该附加的联接装置允许将该第二电动机器(29)连接到该变速器上或使该第二电动机器与该变速器断开连接。
13.如权利要求12所述的混合动力变速器,其特征在于,该第二电动机器(29)通过输入小齿轮(28)来联接至该传递轴(6),该输入小齿轮经由被固定到平行轴(27)上的小齿轮(26)来驱动在该传递轴(6)上的固定输入小齿轮(25)。
14.如权利要求13所述的混合动力变速器,其特征在于,该附加的联接装置(30)由该第二电动机器(29)的转轴承载。
15.如权利要求13所述的混合动力变速器,其特征在于,该附加的联接装置(30)被放置在该传递轴(6)的末端处。
16.如权利要求11所述的混合动力变速器,其特征在于,该传递轴(6)承载在该传递轴(6)周围的固定卡爪环(32),该固定爪环与其联接装置(23)协同执行驻车致动器的功能。
17.如权利要求11所述的混合动力变速器,其特征在于,该混合动力变速器包括被安装在该传递轴(6)的第三档位惰小齿轮(19)上的驻车齿轮(33)。
18.如权利要求11所述的混合动力变速器,其特征在于,该第二电动机器(29)驱动该传递轴(6)的联接小齿轮(18)。
19.一种用于控制在混合动力变速器上的档位改换的方法,该方法使用根据权利要求11至18中任一项中安排的该实心主轴(3)的三位置联接装置(22)、该副轴(5)的三位置联接装置(21)、和该传递轴(6)的三位置联接装置(23),其特征在于,这三个三位置联接装置(22,21,23)受三位置电动档位转换组并且受五位置燃烧发动机档位转换功能组的控制。
20.如权利要求19所述的用于控制在混合动力变速器上的档位改换的方法,其特征在于,在并行式混合功能模式中可使用三个燃烧发动机档位(Ice2,Ice3,Ice4),其中该第二电动机器(29)独自或者该第二电动机器(29)和该电动机器(8)二者与该变速器的两个电动档位(A,B)之一联接。
21.如权利要求20所述的用于控制在混合动力变速器上的档位改换的方法,其特征在于,电动档位(A,B;B,A)的改换在转矩下通过没有向该内燃发动机中喷射燃料地使该内燃发动机旋转而进行。
22.如权利要求21所述的用于控制在混合动力变速器上的档位改换的方法,其特征在于,电动档位(A,B)的改换如下进行:
a)经由无燃料喷射的该内燃发动机使该第二电动机器(29)与两个电动档位中的第二电动档位(B)的惰小齿轮(12)的速度同步,并且将该第二电动机器(29)接合,
b)通过该第二电动机器(29)供应转矩并且使两个电动档位中的第一电动档位(A)脱离接合,
c)使该电动机器(8)同步并且由此将转矩供应至该第二电动档位(B),并且
d)将该第二电动机器(29)断开连接。
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US10479188B2 (en) 2019-11-19
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KR102057593B1 (ko) 2019-12-19
US20170129323A1 (en) 2017-05-11
CN106573529A (zh) 2017-04-19
JP2017526571A (ja) 2017-09-14
FR3022495B1 (fr) 2017-12-22
FR3022495A1 (fr) 2015-12-25
EP3160786A1 (fr) 2017-05-03
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