CN102343802A - 混合动力电动车起动和缓行期间的串联驱动操作 - Google Patents

混合动力电动车起动和缓行期间的串联驱动操作 Download PDF

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CN102343802A
CN102343802A CN2011102003528A CN201110200352A CN102343802A CN 102343802 A CN102343802 A CN 102343802A CN 2011102003528 A CN2011102003528 A CN 2011102003528A CN 201110200352 A CN201110200352 A CN 201110200352A CN 102343802 A CN102343802 A CN 102343802A
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邝明朗
法扎勒·U·赛义德
波尔·J·朱兰德
马克·S·山崎
伊哈布·S·苏里曼
马修·A·布伊希
迪帕克·阿斯瓦尼
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    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/46—Series type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2510/0666—Engine power
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2710/0677—Engine power
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2720/00—Output or target parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
    • B60W2720/28—Wheel speed
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Abstract

本发明涉及混合动力电动车起动和缓行期间的串联驱动操作，本发明的用于起动车辆的动力传动系，包括发动机、与发动机可驱动连接的发电机、与第一组车轮可驱动连接的变速器、用于将变速器与发动机连接及分离的离合器、与发电机电连接的电池、与第二组车轮可驱动连接并与电池电连接的电机，以及配置为确定存在车辆起动状态并以串联驱动模式操作动力传动系的控制器。

Description

混合动力电动车起动和缓行期间的串联驱动操作
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及车辆动力传动系的控制，更具体地，涉及车辆起动状态期间以串联驱动模式操作动力传动系。
背景技术
用于混合动力电动车的动力传动系可以包括两个与发动机结合的电机以及至少以两种操作模式(串联和并联驱动)操作的变速箱，有时也被称为双驱动混合动力传动系配置。第一电机在发动机与变速器之间机械地联接在前轴上，以便为起动器/发电机提供性能。第二电机与后轴相连，以便以电动或混合驱动模式提供另外的推进性能，从而形成两个被独立驱动的轴。高压电池使用逆变器为电机供能。
该动力传动系配置为以多种模式操作动力传动系提供很大的灵活性，如电动模式、串联模式以及并联或分离模式，以满足驾驶者的要求，并且在不影响车辆其他性能属性的情况下实现更好的燃油经济性。
考虑到该动力传动系结构的复杂性和操作的灵活性，具备高度协调的车辆控制系统，以在管理变速器、发动机和电机子系统控制之外还执行来自多个动力源的扭矩、速度和功率的混合，是十分必要的。
通常，与手动变速器或动力换档变速器的输入离合器操作相关的操作损耗是非常显著的。当加速器踏板被完全或接近于完全踩下，车辆随之由停止或接近停止的速度起动(有时称为“驶离”)的时候，由于穿过离合器的滑动过大，车辆燃油经济性受到不利影响。
行业上需要这样一种动力传动系操作模式，在该模式下，当起动停止的车辆或车辆速度及车轮功率要求较低时，车辆燃油经济性最大化。
发明内容
用于起动车辆的方法，包括确定车辆速度小于参考值，所需车轮功率小于参考车轮功率，以及所需发动机功率小于参考发动机功率；使用由发动机驱动的发电机为电池充电；使用由电池供能的电机驱动车轮；以及打开位于变速器和发电机之间的驱动路径上的离合器。
用于起动车辆的动力传动系，包括发动机、与发动机可驱动连接的发电机、与第一组车轮可驱动连接的变速器、用于将变速器与发动机连接及分离的离合器、与发电机电连接的电池、与第二组车轮可驱动连接并与电池电连接的电机，以及配置为确定存在车辆起动状态并以串联驱动模式操作动力传动系的控制器。
在车辆起动和缓行状态期间，该方法使动力传动系以串联驱动模式操作，从而通过在更有效的区域操作发动机提高燃油经济性，并且通过消除因离合器滑动而产生的操作损耗延长离合器的使用寿命。
优选实施例的适用范围从如下具体实施方式、权利要求书及附图将显而易见。应该理解，尽管说明书及具体实例说明了本发明的优选实施例，但仅以示例的方式提供。对所描述的实施例和实例的各种变化和修改对本领域技术人员来说将是显而易见的。
附图说明
参考以下描述并结合附图，本发明将更易于理解，其中：
图1为车辆CISG ERAD动力传动系及其控制器的示意图；
图2示出了图1的动力传动系在电力驱动模式下的功率流；
图3示出了图1的动力传动系在串联驱动模式下的功率流；
图4示出了图1的动力传动系在并联驱动模式下的功率流；以及
图5为动力换档变速器的传动装置、轴及耦合器的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了双驱动混合动力传动系10，其包括两个电机，即装有曲轴的起动发电机(CISG)12和电动后部驱动(ERAD)14；发动机16；以及具有至少一个将功率传递到变速器输入24的湿式输入离合器22的变速器20。
CISG12位于驱动路径中，并在发动机16的曲轴和变速器输入离合器22之间机械地联接在前轴26上，以便为发动机提供起动器/发电机性能。前轴将功率传递至前轮28、29。当作为发电机操作时，CISG12产生储存在高压(HV)电池34中的电功率。
ERAD14，即与后轴30连接的马达，可以在电动或混合驱动模式下为后轮32，、33提供额外的推进性能，从而形成两个被独立驱动的轴26、30。电池34使用逆变器为ERAD 14供能。
如图1所示的CISG-ERAD传动系配置使车辆能够以三种主要操作模式之一操作。如图2所示的第一操作模式为电力驱动，其中电池34为ERAD14提供电功率，以推动车辆前进。
如图3所示的第二操作模式为串联驱动，其中发动机16驱动CISG12为电池34充电，电池34为ERAD14提供功率，以推动车辆前进。在串联驱动操作中，由于离合器22处于打开或分离状态，所以发动机输出功率不能直接传递至车轮28、29、32、33。而是，发动机16驱动CISG12产生电流，根据驾驶者的要求，ERAD14可以使用该电流推动车辆前进。因为发动机速度从车辆速度中解耦，所以发动机操作点(用于给定的发动机功率要求的扭矩和速度选择)尽可能设置在最有效的操作区域。
如图4所示的第三操作模式为并联驱动或分离驱动，其中发动机16和变速器20为前轮28、29提供扭矩，与此同时，电池34和ERAD14为后轮32、33提供扭矩，以推动车辆前进。
为了协调车辆子系统的动作，整车控制器(Vehicle System Controller，VSC)50包括被称为动力传动系操作模式(PTOM)控制52的功能，该功能协调发动机16、变速器20、CISG12、ERAD14和电池34子系统的操作，以交替产生电力驱动、串联驱动、并联驱动、发动机起动和发动机停止。基于包括车辆起动状态的各种车辆和车辆驾驶者输入，PTOM控制52中的控制算法确定是否由子系统要求速度控制或功率控制。
在驱动状态期间，其中，车辆速度低于参考速度，或所需发动机功率小于参考发动机功率，或所需车轮功率小于参考车轮功率，以加速器踏板36被踩下的程度为证据，如图2所示，动力传动系10以串联驱动模式操作。在串联驱动模式下，离合器22分离。因此，由发动机16产生的功率不直接传递至车轮。而是发动机16驱动CISG12产生电功率，该电功率传递至电池34，根据驾驶者要求，电功率从电池34传递至ERAD14。车轮32、33由ERAD14驱动。
由于发动机速度从车辆速度中解耦，因此发动机操作点，即用于给定的发动机所需功率的发动机扭矩和发动机速度，位于最有效的操作区域。
图5示出了动力换挡变速器20的具体细节，其包括第一输入离合器24，该离合器选择性地将变速器20的输入24交替连接至与第一副轴244相关的偶数齿轮42，以及第二输入离合器41，该离合器选择性地将输入20交替连接至与第二副轴249相关的奇数齿轮43。
副轴244支承均以轴244为轴颈的小齿轮260、262、264和固定在轴244上的耦合器266、268。小齿轮260、262、264分别与第二、第四和第六齿轮相关联。耦合器266包括套管270，该套管可以向左移动与小齿轮260接合，并将小齿轮260可驱动地连接至轴244。耦合器268包括套管272，该套管可以向左移动与小齿轮262接合，并将小齿轮262可驱动地连接至轴244，也可以向右移动与小齿轮264接合，并将小齿轮264可驱动地连接至轴244。
副轴244支承均以轴249为轴颈的小齿轮274、276、278和固定在轴249上的耦合器280、282。小齿轮274、276、278分别与第一、第三和第五齿轮相关联。耦合器280包括套管284，该套管可以向左移动与小齿轮274接合，并将小齿轮274可驱动地连接至轴249。耦合器282包括套管286，该套管可以向左移动与小齿轮276接合，并将小齿轮276可驱动地连接至轴249，也可以向右移动与小齿轮278接合，并将小齿轮278可驱动地连接至轴249。
变速器输出46支承均固定在轴46上的齿轮288、290、292。齿轮288与小齿轮260和274啮合。齿轮290与小齿轮262和276啮合。齿轮292与小齿轮264和278啮合。
耦合器266、268、280和282可以是同步器，或爪形离合器，或是以上二者的结合。尽管变速器20的操作只参考向前驱动进行了描述，但变速器可以通过结合在较低功率路径之一上的反向惰轮和用于接合反向驱动的反向耦合器，产生反向驱动。当选择反向驱动操作时，输入离合器24、41中的一个接合。
根据专利法的规定，已经对优选的实施例进行了说明。但是，应该注意，其它不同于具体表示和说明的实施例的替代实施例也可实施。

Claims (3)

1.用于起动车辆的动力传动系，其特征在于，包含：
发动机；
与所述发动机可驱动连接的发电机；
与第一组车轮可驱动连接的变速器；
用于将所述变速器与所述发动机连接及分离的离合器；
与所述发电机电连接的电池；
与第二组车轮可驱动连接并与所述电池电连接的电机；以及
设置为确定存在车辆起动状态并以串联驱动模式操作动力传动系的控制器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的动力传动系，其特征在于，所述控制器还设置为，在车辆速度小于参考速度，所需车轮功率小于参考车轮功率，以及所需发动机功率小于参考发动机功率的时候，确定存在车辆起动状态。
3.根据权利要求1所述的动力传动系，其特征在于，所述控制器还设置为，使用由所述发动机驱动的发电机为所述电池充电，使用由所述电池供能的所述电机驱动第二组车轮，以及打开位于所述变速器和所述发电机之间的驱动路径上的离合器。
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