TWI650353B - 複合樹脂組成物及該樹脂組成物之製造方法 - Google Patents
複合樹脂組成物及該樹脂組成物之製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI650353B TWI650353B TW103143400A TW103143400A TWI650353B TW I650353 B TWI650353 B TW I650353B TW 103143400 A TW103143400 A TW 103143400A TW 103143400 A TW103143400 A TW 103143400A TW I650353 B TWI650353 B TW I650353B
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- fine particles
- inorganic fine
- composite resin
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Abstract
本發明之目的在於提供一種複合樹脂組成物,其分散之穩定性、均勻性優異而可提供透明性、耐熱性、耐光性較高,具有較高之光學特性(高折射率)之硬化物。
本發明之複合樹脂組成物之特徵在於:其含有無機微粒子、溶劑、及具有源自選自由茚、四氫萘(tetralin)、茀、
Description
本發明係關於一種複合樹脂組成物及該樹脂組成物之製造方法,進而係關於一種薄膜、成形體、光學膜及顯示元件。
近年來,以有機系材料之高功能化為目的,正如火如荼地研究著有機材料與無機材料之複合化。提出有一種藉由有機材料與無機材料之複合化而兼具有機材料之柔軟性或成形性之優異、無機材料之耐熱性、耐光性、高光學特性(高折射率等)之材料。作為此種複合材料,有於有機系樹脂骨架中藉由共價鍵導入有矽或鈦等金屬元素之有機無機混合樹脂、或者於有機樹脂中均勻分散有奈米尺寸之無機微粒子之分散系材料等。
此種複合材料係用於近年要求高水準之透明性、耐光性、耐熱性、折射率之各種光學膜或顯示元件、半導體元件等用途。於此種用途中,尤其是正進行針對設計之自由度更高而可製造具有高水準之特性之薄膜、成形體等硬化物之均勻分散有奈米尺寸之無機微粒子之分散系材料的研究。於欲使無機微粒子以數十奈米級微分散於有機材料中之情形時,為了建構均勻且穩定之分散系,通常於摻合系統中添加相對大量之分散劑或表面處理劑(專利文獻1)。
然而,若摻合大量之分散劑或表面處理劑,則雖然可使粒子均勻分散,但存在如下情況:招致折射率降低,又,因分散劑或表面處理劑本身之耐光性或耐熱性之問題而導致所獲得之薄膜、成形體等硬化物之耐光性或耐熱性降低。又,於分散劑或表面處理劑與其他摻合成分之相溶性較差之情形時,存在產生所獲得之薄膜、成形體等硬化物發生白濁等問題之情況。進而,於此種用途中,多數情況下需要圖案化,即便對於分散有對圖案化所使用之鹼性顯影液等而言溶解性較低之無機微粒子之樹脂組成物,亦要求顯示良好之圖案化性之材料。
專利文獻1:日本特開2011-116943號公報
鑒於此種情況,本發明之目的在於提供一種複合樹脂組成物,其分散之穩定性、均勻性優異而可提供透明性、耐熱性、耐光性高,具有高光學特性(高折射率)之硬化物。
本發明人等對可提供高光學特性(高折射率)之複合樹脂組成物進行研究,結果發現,即便於將分散劑及表面處理劑之含量降低至極限之情形、或者完全不含分散劑及/或表面處理劑之情形時,亦可使無機微粒子之分散後的平均粒徑為非常細之10~70nm而進行分散,從而完成本發明。
即,本發明係關於一種複合樹脂組成物,含有:無機微粒子、溶劑、及
具有源自選自由茚、四氫萘(tetralin)、茀、(xanthene)、蒽、及苯并蒽組成之群中之至少一種之縮環結構的含縮環結構之樹脂,無機微粒子之分散後的平均粒徑為10~70nm。
本發明之複合樹脂組成物進而含有分散劑及/或表面處理劑,分散劑及表面處理劑之含量相對於無機微粒子100重量份,以有效成分重量計可為5重量份以下。
於本發明之複合樹脂組成物中,無機微粒子較佳為選自由氧化鋯、氧化鈦、及鈦酸鋇組成之群中之至少一種。
本發明係關於一種複合樹脂組成物之製造方法,其特徵在於:於利用珠磨機(beads mill)之分散步驟結束時,混合有無機微粒子、溶劑、及含縮環結構之樹脂。
又,本發明係關於一種使本發明之複合樹脂組成物硬化而獲得之薄膜及成形體。進而,本發明係關於一種具有上述薄膜之光學膜,及具有上述薄膜或上述成形體之顯示元件。
由於本發明之複合樹脂組成物將分散劑及表面處理劑之含量降低至極限,或者完全不含分散劑及/或表面處理劑,故而可提高所獲得之薄膜、成形體等硬化物之折射率。又,不存在產生如下問題等之情況:因分散劑或表面處理劑本身之耐光性或耐熱性不充分而導致所獲得之薄膜、成形體等硬化物之耐光性或耐熱性降低,或者因分散劑或表面處理劑與其他摻合成分之相溶性低而導致薄膜、成形體等硬化物發生白濁。
《複合樹脂組成物》
本發明之複合樹脂組成物之特徵在於含有:無機微粒子、溶劑、及具有源自選自由茚、四氫萘、茀、、蒽、及苯并蒽組成之群中之至少一種之縮環結構的含縮環結構之樹脂,無機微粒子之分散後的平均粒徑為10~70nm。
<無機微粒子>
作為無機微粒子,例如可列舉:金屬氧化物微粒子、氮化物、由兩種以上金屬元素所構成之複合氧化物、於金屬氧化物中摻雜有異種元素之化合物等。作為金屬氧化物微粒子,例如可列舉:氧化鋯(ZrO2)、氧化鈦(TiO2)、氧化矽(SiO2)、氧化鋁(Al2O3)、氧化鐵(Fe2O3、FeO、Fe3O4)、氧化銅(CuO、Cu2O)、氧化鋅(ZnO)、氧化釔(Y2O3)、氧化鈮(Nb2O5)、氧化鉬(MoO3)、氧化銦(In2O3、In2O)、氧化錫(SnO2)、氧化鉭(Ta2O5)、氧化鎢(WO3、W2O5)、氧化鉛(PbO、PbO2)、氧化鉍(Bi2O3)、氧化鈰(CeO2、Ce2O3)、氧化銻(Sb2O3、Sb2O5)、氧化鍺(GeO2、GeO)等。作為氮化物,例如可列舉氮化矽、氮化硼等。作為由兩種以上金屬元素所構成之複合氧化物,例如可列舉鈦酸鋇等鈦酸鹽、鈦/矽複合氧化物、釔穩定氧化鋯等。此種複合氧化物不僅包含由多成分元素所構成之化合物或固溶體,而且包
含以由其他金屬元素所構成之金屬氧化物被覆成為核之金屬氧化物微粒子之周圍的具有核殼結構者、如1個金屬氧化物微粒子中分散有其他複數種金屬氧化物微粒子之具有多成分分散型結構者。
作為於金屬氧化物中摻雜有異種元素之化合物,例如可列舉摻鉭氧化鈦、或摻鈮氧化鈦等。該等無機微粒子可單獨使用,亦可併用兩種以上。又,無機微粒子之製法亦無特別限定。就獲取容易性、折射率等光學特性之調整較容易之方面而言,無機微粒子較佳為選自由氧化鋯、氧化鈦、及鈦酸鋇組成之群中之至少一種。
無機微粒子之一次粒徑並無特別限定,較佳為1~70nm,更佳為1~50nm。若未達1nm,則無機微粒子之比表面積較大,凝聚能較高,因此存在難以保持分散穩定性之情況。另一方面,若超過70nm,則存在因薄膜或成形體中之無機微粒子而導致之光之散射變得劇烈,無法將透明性維持為較高之情況。再者,一次粒徑可藉由動態光散射法、雷射繞射法、超離心沈澱法等之裝置進行測定。
無機微粒子之分散後的平均粒徑、即本發明之複合樹脂組成物中之平均粒徑為10~70nm,較佳為10~50nm。於設為未達10nm時,必須使用一次粒徑較小之粒子,因此存在分散變得困難之情況。另一方面,若超過70nm,則於製成薄膜、成形體等硬化物時,存在發生白濁之情況。
於本發明之複合樹脂組成物中,可摻合大量之無機微粒子。例如,相對於含縮環結構之樹脂100重量份,即便為如通常難以摻合之200重量份以上、進而500重量份以上,亦可進行摻合。無機微粒子之含量並無特別限定,相對於含縮環結構之樹脂100重量份,較佳為0.1~5000重量
份,更佳為1~2000重量份,進而較佳為5~1000重量份。若含量未達0.1重量份,則無法充分發揮無機微粒子之特性,若超過5000重量份,則製膜性降低。
作為金屬氧化物微粒子,亦可使用預先分散於各種溶劑中者。作為溶劑,例如可列舉:甲醇、乙醇、2-丙醇、丁醇等醇類;乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乳酸乙酯、丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯、γ-丁內酯等酯類;二乙醚、乙二醇單甲醚(甲基溶纖素)、乙二醇單乙醚(乙基溶纖素)、乙二醇單丁醚(丁基溶纖素)、二乙二醇單甲醚、二乙二醇單乙醚等醚類;丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基異丁基酮、乙醯丙酮、環己酮等酮類;苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙基苯等芳香族烴類;二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、N-甲基吡咯啶酮等醯胺類等。溶劑與金屬氧化物微粒子之摻合比例較佳為30:70~90:10。
<溶劑>
作為溶劑,並無特別限定,例如可列舉:甲醇、乙醇等醇類;四氫呋喃等醚類;乙二醇單甲醚、乙二醇二甲醚、乙二醇甲基乙基醚、乙二醇單乙醚等乙二醇醚類;乙酸甲基溶纖素、乙酸乙基溶纖素等乙二醇烷基醚乙酸酯類;二乙二醇二乙醚、二乙二醇二甲醚、二乙二醇二丁醚、二乙二醇乙基甲基醚等二乙二醇二烷基醚類;二乙二醇單甲醚、二乙二醇單乙醚、二乙二醇單丁醚等二乙二醇單烷基醚類;丙二醇單甲醚等丙二醇單烷基醚類;丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯、丙二醇單乙醚乙酸酯、乙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯、乙二醇單丁醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇單乙醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇單丁醚乙酸酯、乙酸3-甲氧基丁-1-酯等伸烷基二醇單烷基醚乙酸酯類;甲苯、二甲苯
等芳香族烴類;甲基乙基酮、甲基戊基酮、環己酮、4-羥基-4-甲基-2-戊酮等酮類;2-羥基丙酸乙酯、2-羥基-2-甲基丙酸甲酯、2-羥基-2-甲基丙酸乙酯、乙氧基乙酸乙酯、羥基乙酸乙酯、2-羥基-2-甲基丁酸甲酯、3-甲氧基丙酸甲酯、3-甲氧基丙酸乙酯、3-乙氧基丙酸甲酯、3-乙氧基丙酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乳酸甲酯、乳酸乙酯、丁二酸二甲酯、丁二酸二乙酯、己二酸二乙酯、丙二酸二乙酯、草酸二丁酯等酯類等。該等中,較佳為乙二醇醚類、伸烷基二醇單烷基醚乙酸酯類、二乙二醇二烷基醚類、酮類及酯類,更佳為3-乙氧基丙酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯、丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇單乙醚乙酸酯及甲基戊基酮。該等溶劑可單獨使用,亦可併用兩種以上。
溶劑之含量並無特別限定,於複合樹脂組成物中,較佳為5~95重量%,更佳為30~90重量%。若含量未達5重量%,則存在變得難以維持分散狀態之情況,若超過95重量%,則存在變得難以厚膜化之情況。
<含縮環結構之樹脂>
作為具有源自選自由茚、四氫萘、茀、、蒽、及苯并蒽組成之群中之至少一種之縮環結構的含縮環結構之樹脂,可使用環氧酯樹脂(E)、多元羧酸樹脂(G)等。
環氧酯樹脂(E)可藉由使下述通式(1)所表示之環氧樹脂(A)與單羧酸(B)反應,或藉由使下述通式(10)所表示之醇化合物(C)與縮水甘油酯化合物(D)反應而獲得。作為環氧酯樹脂(E),就分散性或耐熱性優異之方面而言,較佳為具有源自或茀之縮環結構者。
通式(1)中,Y1~4各自獨立為下述通式(2)或下述通式(3)所表示之基,p1~4各自獨立為0至4之整數。
通式(2)中,Y5~6各自獨立為通式(2)或下述通式(3)所表示之基,p5~6各自獨立為0至4之整數。於在通式(1)中Y1~4為通式(2)所表示之基,且在通式(2)中Y5~6為通式(2)所表示之基之情形時,通式(1)中之Y1~4形成以通式(2)所表示之基作為構成單位的低聚物。
通式(1)、(2)中,Z係如下述式(4)~(9)所示之含有源自選自由茚、四氫萘、茀、、蒽、及苯并蒽組成之群中之至少一種之縮環結構的二價基,R1~6各自獨立為碳數1至10之直鏈狀、支鏈狀或環狀之烷基或烯基、碳數1至5之烷氧基、可具有取代基之苯基、或鹵素原子,q1~6各自獨立為0至4之整數,s1~2各自獨立為0至10之整數。又,通式(1)~(3)中,R7~14各自獨立為氫原子或甲基,m1~8各自獨立為0至10之整數。此處,複數個R1~14、Y1~6可相同亦可不同。又,通式(1)之結構式可為左
右對稱,亦可為非對稱。
通式(10)中,Z與上述相同,R15~16各自獨立為碳數1至10之直鏈狀、支鏈狀或環狀之烷基或烯基、碳數1至5之烷氧基、可具有
取代基之苯基、或鹵素原子,f1~2各自獨立為0至4之整數,R17~18各自獨立為氫原子或甲基,m9~10各自獨立為0至10之整數,r1~2各自獨立為1至5之整數。此處,複數個R15~18可相同亦可不同。又,通式(10)之結構式可為左右對稱,亦可為非對稱。
作為單羧酸(B),只要為具有一個羧基之化合物,則並無特別限定,例如可列舉:(甲基)丙烯酸、環丙烷羧酸、2,2,3,3-四甲基-1-環丙烷羧酸、環戊烷羧酸、2-環戊烯基羧酸、2-呋喃羧酸、2-四氫呋喃羧酸、環己烷羧酸、4-丙基環己烷羧酸、4-丁基環己烷羧酸、4-戊基環己烷羧酸、4-己基環己烷羧酸、4-庚基環己烷羧酸、4-氰基環己烷-1-羧酸、4-羥基環己烷羧酸、1,3,4,5-四羥基環己烷-1-羧酸、2-(1,2-二羥基-4-甲基環己基)丙酸、莽草酸、3-羥基-3,3-二苯基丙酸、3-(2-側氧基環己基)丙酸、3-環己烯-1-羧酸、4-環己烯-1,2-二羧酸氫烷基酯、環庚烷羧酸、降莰烯羧酸、四環十二烯羧酸、1-金剛烷羧酸、(4-三環[5.2.1.02.6]癸-4-基)乙酸、對甲基苯甲酸、對乙基苯甲酸、對辛基苯甲酸、對癸基苯甲酸、對十二烷基苯甲酸、對甲氧基苯甲酸、對乙氧基苯甲酸、對丙氧基苯甲酸、對丁氧基苯甲酸、對戊氧基苯甲酸、對己氧基苯甲酸、對氟苯甲酸、對氯苯甲酸、對氯甲基苯甲酸、五氟苯甲酸、五氯苯甲酸、4-乙醯氧基苯甲酸、2,6-二羥基苯甲酸、3,5-二第三丁基一4-羥基苯甲酸、鄰苯甲醯苯甲酸、鄰硝基苯甲酸、鄰(乙醯氧基苯甲醯氧基)苯甲酸、對苯二甲酸單甲酯、間苯二甲酸單甲酯、間苯二甲酸單環己酯、苯氧基乙酸、氯苯氧基乙酸、苯硫代乙酸、苯乙酸、2-側氧基-3-苯基丙酸、鄰溴苯乙酸、鄰碘苯乙酸、甲氧基苯乙酸、6-苯基己酸、聯苯羧酸、
α-萘甲酸、β-萘甲酸、蒽羧酸、菲羧酸、蒽醌-2-羧酸、茚滿羧酸、1,4-二側氧基-1,4-二氫萘-2-羧酸、3,3-二苯基丙酸、菸鹼酸、異菸鹼酸、肉桂酸、3-甲氧基肉桂酸、4-甲氧基肉桂酸、喹啉羧酸等。該等可單獨使用,亦可併用兩種以上。作為尤佳之單羧酸(B),含有可導入放射線聚合性官能基之不飽和基者為宜,例如較佳為(甲基)丙烯酸。此處,所謂放射線聚合性官能基係指具有藉由各種放射線而引起聚合反應之性質之官能基。所謂「放射線」包含可見光線、紫外線、遠紫外線、X射線、電子束、分子束、γ射線、同步加速器放射線、質子束射線等。
作為縮水甘油酯化合物(D),並無特別限定,例如可列舉:(甲基)丙烯酸縮水甘油酯、乙酸縮水甘油酯、丁酸縮水甘油酯、苯甲酸縮水甘油酯、對乙基苯甲酸縮水甘油酯、對苯二甲酸縮水甘油酯或鄰苯二甲酸縮水甘油酯等。該等可單獨使用,亦可併用兩種以上。該等中,尤佳為單羧酸縮水甘油酯,其中含有可導入放射線聚合性官能基之不飽和基者為宜,例如較佳為(甲基)丙烯酸縮水甘油酯。
通式(1)所表示之環氧樹脂(A)與單羧酸(B)之反應、及通式(10)所表示之醇化合物(C)與縮水甘油酯化合物(D)之反應均可視需要使用適當之溶劑於50~120℃之溫度範圍內進行5~30小時。作為溶劑,例如可列舉:乙酸甲基溶纖素、丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯、乙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯、乙二醇單丁醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇單乙醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇單丁醚乙酸酯、乙酸-3-甲氧基丁-1-酯等伸烷基單烷基醚乙酸酯類;二乙二醇單甲醚、二乙二醇單乙醚、二乙二醇二丁醚等伸烷基單烷基醚類;甲基乙基酮、甲基戊基酮等酮類;丁二酸二甲酯、丁二酸二乙酯、己二酸二
乙酯、丙二酸二乙酯、草酸二丁酯等酯類等。該等中,較佳為丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯及乙酸-3-甲氧基丁-1-酯。進而,可視需要使用觸媒及聚合抑制劑。作為觸媒,例如可列舉:鏻鹽類、四級銨鹽類、膦化合物類、三級胺化合物類、咪唑化合物類等,其摻合量並無特別限定,較佳為反應物整體之0.01~10重量%。又,作為聚合抑制劑,例如可列舉:對苯二酚、甲基對苯二酚、對苯二酚單甲醚、4-甲基喹啉、酚噻、2,6-二異丁基苯酚、2,6-二第三丁基-4-甲基苯酚等,其摻合量通常為反應物整體之5重量%以下。
多元羧酸樹脂(G)可藉由使環氧酯樹脂(E)與多元羧酸或其酸酐(F)反應而獲得。
作為多元羧酸或其酸酐(F),只要為二羧酸、四羧酸等具有複數個羧基之羧酸或其酸酐,則並無特別限定,例如可列舉:順丁烯二酸、丁二酸、衣康酸、鄰苯二甲酸、四氫鄰苯二甲酸、六氫鄰苯二甲酸、甲基六氫鄰苯二甲酸、甲基內亞甲基四氫鄰苯二甲酸、氯菌酸、甲基四氫鄰苯二甲酸、戊二酸等二羧酸或其酸酐;偏苯三甲酸或其酸酐;均苯四甲酸、二苯甲酮四羧酸、聯苯四羧酸、二苯醚四羧酸等四羧酸或其二酐等。
作為多元羧酸樹脂(G),例如可列舉:下述通式(11)或下述通式(12)所表示之樹脂。
通式(11)、(12)中,Z係含有源自選自由茚、四氫萘、茀、、蒽、及苯并蒽組成之群中之至少一種之縮環結構的二價基,A1、A3係四羧酸二酐之殘基,A2、A4係二羧酸酐之殘基。又,u、u2係平均值,為0至130。
於通式(11)、(12)中,Z較佳為含有源自或茀之縮環結構的二價基。其原因在於,就多元羧酸樹脂(G)之折射率高,可減小與無機微粒子之折射率差之方面而言有利。
多元羧酸樹脂(G)可藉由使環氧酯樹脂(E)與多元羧酸或其酸酐(F)反應而獲得。於該反應中,為了提高所獲得之樹脂之耐熱性或耐熱黃變性,亦可使其與多元醇類共存。
作為多元醇類,並無特別限定,例如可列舉:乙二醇、二乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、二丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、新戊二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、3-甲基-1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,6-壬二醇、1,9-壬二醇等脂肪族二醇;1,4-環己烷二甲醇、三環癸烷二甲醇、氫化雙酚A等脂環式二醇;雙酚A之環氧乙烷加成物、雙酚A之環氧丙烷加成物等芳香族二醇;甘油、三羥甲基丙烷、三羥甲基乙烷、二-三羥甲基丙烷、新戊四醇、山梨醇、二新戊四醇等三元以上之醇等。該等可單獨使用,亦可併用兩種以上。
於該反應中,環氧酯樹脂(E)、多元醇類、及多元羧酸或其酸酐(F)之添加順序並無特別限制。例如,可將該等同時混合而使其反應,亦可將環氧酯樹脂(E)與多元醇混合,繼而添加多元羧酸或其酸酐(F)並混合。又,亦可於該等之反應產物中進一步添加多元羧酸而使其反應。
藉由適當選擇多元羧酸或其酸酐(F)之種類,可製造具有結構不同之各種縮環結構之多元羧酸樹脂(G-a)、或與多元醇反應而成之多元羧酸樹脂(G-b)。具體而言,例如可製備以下之(G-a-i)~(G-a-iii)、(G-b-i)~(G-b-iii)所示之第1~第6多元羧酸樹脂,但該等為例示。
(G-a-i)第1多元羧酸樹脂:將環氧酯樹脂(E)與一種多元羧酸或其酸酐(F)混合並使其反應而獲得之樹脂;(G-a-ii)第2多元羧酸樹脂:將環氧酯樹脂(E)與兩種以上之多元羧酸或其酸酐(F)之混合物(例如,二羧酸酐及四羧酸二酐之混合物)混合並使其反應而獲得之樹脂;及(G-a-iii)第3多元羧酸樹脂:使環氧酯樹脂(E)與四羧酸或其二酐反應,並使所獲得之反應產物進一步與二羧酸或其酸酐反應而獲得之樹脂。
(G-b-i)第4多元羧酸樹脂:將環氧酯樹脂(E)、多元醇及一種多元羧酸或其酸酐(F)混合並使其反應而獲得之樹脂;(G-b-ii)第5多元羧酸樹脂:將環氧酯樹脂(E)、多元醇及兩種以上之多元羧酸或其酸酐(F)之混合物(例如,二羧酸酐及四羧酸二酐之混合物)混合並使其反應而獲得之樹脂;及(G-b-iii)第6多元羧酸樹脂:使環氧酯樹脂(E)、多元醇及四羧酸或其二酐反應,並使所獲得之反應產物進一步與二羧
酸或其酸酐反應而獲得之樹脂。
以上述方式獲得之具有結構不同之各種縮環結構之多元羧酸樹脂(G-a)或(G-b)可分別根據目標用途而利用。
再者,所謂「多元羧酸或其酸酐(F)」意指「特定之多元羧酸及與其相對應之酸酐中之至少一者」,例如若多元羧酸為鄰苯二甲酸,則係指鄰苯二甲酸及鄰苯二甲酸酐中之至少一者。又,所謂「兩種以上之多元羧酸或其酸酐(F)之混合物」係指同時存在至少兩種多元羧酸或其酸酐。因此,於(G-a-ii)及(G-b-ii)之方法中,至少兩種多元羧酸或其酸酐(F)參與反應。
於上述任一方法中,多元羧酸樹脂(G)均係藉由如下方式而製造:依照上述例示之方法(順序)將環氧酯樹脂(E)、多元醇、及多元羧酸或其酸酐(F)溶解(懸浮)於溶劑中,並進行加熱而使其反應。作為溶劑,例如可列舉:乙酸乙基溶纖素、乙酸丁基溶纖素等溶纖素系溶劑;丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯、乙酸3-甲氧基丁酯等伸烷基二醇單烷基醚類與乙酸之酯系溶劑;甲基乙基酮、甲基異丁基酮、環己酮等酮系溶劑等。又,可視需要添加觸媒。作為觸媒,例如可列舉:鏻鹽類、四級銨鹽類、膦化合物類、三級胺化合物類、咪唑化合物類,其摻合量並無特別限定,較佳為反應物整體之0.01~10重量%。
上述反應之反應溫度並無特別限定,較佳為50~130℃,更佳為70~120℃。若反應溫度未達50℃,則存在反應無法順利進行而使未反應之多元羧酸或其酸酐(F)殘存之情況。另一方面,若超過130℃,則存在部分引起羧基與羥基之縮合,分子量急遽增大之情況。
於多元羧酸樹脂(G)之製造中,在使用多元醇之情形時,環氧酯樹脂(E)之羥基與多元醇之羥基之莫耳比(環氧酯樹脂(E)之羥基/多元醇之羥基)並無特別限定,較佳為99/1~50/50,更佳為95/5~60/40。若多元醇之羥基之莫耳比超過50,則多元羧酸樹脂(G)之分子量急遽增大,有凝膠化之虞。又,若莫耳比未達1,則有難以提高耐熱性或耐熱變色性之傾向。
多元羧酸或其酸酐(F)之摻合量並無特別限定,相對於環氧酯樹脂(E)之羥基(於使用多元醇之情形時為與多元醇之羥基之合計)1當量(莫耳),以酸酐基換算計,較佳為0.1~1當量,更佳為0.4~1當量。若摻合量未達0.1當量,則多元羧酸樹脂(G)之分子量無法充分提高,存在含有多元羧酸樹脂(G)之複合樹脂組成物之硬化物之耐熱性變得不充分,或者顯影後複合樹脂組成物亦會殘存於基板上之情況。另一方面,於摻合量超過1當量之情形時,存在未反應之多元羧酸或其酸酐(F)殘存,多元羧酸樹脂(G)之分子量變低,含有多元羧酸樹脂(G)之複合樹脂組成物之顯影性變差之情況。再者,所謂酸酐基換算表示將所使用之多元羧酸或其酸酐(F)中所含之羧基及酸酐基全部換算為酸酐基時之量。
於製造第2、第3、第5、第6多元羧酸樹脂(G)時,使用兩種以上之多元羧酸或其酸酐(F)。通常使用二羧酸酐與四羧酸二酐。二羧酸酐與四羧酸二酐之比例(二羧酸酐/四羧酸二酐)以莫耳比計較佳為1/99~90/10,更佳為5/95~80/20。若二羧酸酐之比例未達1,則有樹脂黏度變高、作業性降低之虞。又,由於多元羧酸樹脂(G)之分子量變得過大,故而於使用含有多元羧酸樹脂(G)之複合樹脂組成物於基板上形成
塗膜並進行曝光之情形時,有曝光部變得難以溶解於顯影液中,而變得難以獲得目標圖案之傾向。另一方面,若二羧酸酐之比例超過90,則由於多元羧酸樹脂之分子量變得過小,故而變得容易產生如下問題:於使用含有多元羧酸樹脂之複合樹脂組成物於基板上形成塗膜時,預烘烤後之塗膜上殘留黏性等。
於本發明之複合樹脂組成物中,多元羧酸樹脂(G)較佳含有放射線聚合性官能基,具體而言,較佳含有(甲基)丙烯醯基等不飽和基。於多元羧酸樹脂(G)為含有放射線聚合性官能基之樹脂之情形時,由於本發明之複合樹脂組成物具有光硬化性,故而可用作感光性複合樹脂組成物(H)。此處,所謂感光性係指藉由各種放射線引起化學反應之性質,作為此種放射線,自波長較長者起,依序可列舉可見光線、紫外線、電子束、X射線、α射線、β射線、及γ射線。該等中,就經濟性及效率性之方面而言,實用上紫外線為最佳之放射線。作為紫外線,可較佳地使用自低壓水銀燈、高壓水銀燈、超高壓水銀燈、電弧燈、氙氣燈等燈振盪之紫外光。波長短於紫外線之放射線之化學反應性較高,理論上優於紫外線,但就經濟性之觀點而言紫外線較實用。
<任意成分>
本發明之複合樹脂組成物除含有無機微粒子、溶劑、及含縮環結構之樹脂以外,亦可任意含有其他成分。作為其他成分,例如可列舉:分散劑及/或表面處理劑、硬化劑、調平劑、樹脂成分、熱聚合抑制劑、密接助劑、環氧基硬化促進劑、界面活性劑、消泡劑等。
<分散劑及/或表面處理劑>
本發明之複合樹脂組成物即便於完全不含分散劑及/或表面處理劑之情形時亦顯示出良好之分散性,但亦可含有少量分散劑及/或表面處理劑。
作為分散劑,並無特別限定,例如可列舉:聚丙烯酸系分散劑、聚羧酸系分散劑、磷酸系分散劑、矽系分散劑等。該等分散劑可單獨使用,亦可併用兩種以上。
無機微粒子亦可為經表面處理者。所謂表面處理係指使其與偶合劑等可與存在於微粒子表面之羥基反應之化合物結合之處理。表面處理可藉由使無機微粒子分散於溶劑中,於酸性條件下混合偶合劑,並使其作用而進行。作為表面處理劑,並無特別限定,可列舉矽烷偶合劑或鈦偶合劑,例如可列舉:3-(甲基)丙烯醯氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、3-(甲基)丙烯醯氧基丙基甲基二甲氧基矽烷等(甲基)丙烯醯氧基矽烷類;3-縮水甘油氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、3-縮水甘油氧基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、3-縮水甘油氧基丙基甲基二乙氧基矽烷、2-(3,4-環氧環己基)乙基三甲氧基矽烷等環氧矽烷類;乙烯基三甲氧基矽烷、乙烯基三乙氧基矽烷、乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)矽烷、二甲基乙烯基甲氧基矽烷、乙烯基三氯矽烷、二甲基乙烯基氯矽烷等乙烯基矽烷類;N-2-(胺基乙基)-3-胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、3-胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、N-2-(胺基乙基)-3-胺基丙基甲基二甲氧基矽烷等胺基矽烷類;N-(乙烯基苄基)-2-胺基乙基-3-胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷之鹽酸鹽等四級銨鹽類;對苯乙烯基三甲氧基矽烷;苯基三甲氧基矽烷;二甲基丙烯醯基異硬脂醯基鈦酸異丙酯、二丙烯醯基異硬脂醯基鈦酸異丙酯等鈦酸酯類等。該等表面處理劑可單獨使用,亦可併用兩種以上。該等表面處理劑中,就具有反應性官能基,可與含縮環結構之樹
脂一起硬化,將無機微粒子固定於薄膜或成形體中之方面而言,較佳為環氧矽烷類或(甲基)丙烯醯氧基矽烷類。
於本發明之複合樹脂組成物含有分散劑及/或表面處理劑之情形時,分散劑及表面處理劑之含量並無特別限定,相對於無機微粒子100重量份,以有效成分重量計較佳為5重量份以下,更佳為3重量份以下。若分散劑及表面處理劑之含量超過5重量份,則有複合樹脂組成物之硬化物之折射率、或耐熱性、耐光性降低之虞。於本發明之複合樹脂組成物含有分散劑及/或表面處理劑之情形時,分散劑及表面處理劑之含量之下限並無特別限定,例如相對於無機微粒子100重量份,以有效成分重量計較佳為0.1重量份以上。
於本發明之複合樹脂組成物為感光性複合樹脂組成物(H)之情形時,較佳添加光聚合起始劑(I)。進而,為了調整硬化性,或調整硬化後之硬度等膜特性,可於不損及本發明之效果之範圍內,於感光性複合樹脂組成物(H)中添加含有不飽和基之多元羧酸樹脂(G)以外之各種光硬化性單體或光硬化性樹脂(J)。
上述所謂光聚合起始劑(I)係指具有光聚合起始作用之化合物及/或具有增感效果之化合物。作為此種化合物,例如可列舉如下化合物:苯乙酮、2,2-二乙氧基苯乙酮、對二甲基苯乙酮、對二甲胺基苯丙酮、二氯苯乙酮、三氯苯乙酮、對第三丁基苯乙酮等苯乙酮類;二苯甲酮、2-氯二苯甲酮、對,對'-雙二甲胺基二苯甲酮等二苯甲酮類;苯偶醯;安息香;安息香甲醚、安息香異丙醚、安息香異丁醚等安息香醚類;苯偶醯二甲基縮酮;硫、2-氯硫、2,4-二乙基硫、2-甲基硫、2-異丙
基硫等硫化合物;2-乙基蒽醌、八甲基蒽醌、1,2-苯并蒽醌、2,3-二苯基蒽醌等蒽醌類;偶氮雙異丁腈;過氧化苯甲醯、過氧化異丙苯等有機過氧化物;及2-巰基苯并咪唑、2-巰基苯并唑、2-巰基苯并噻唑等硫醇化合物。該等光聚合起始劑(I)可單獨使用一種,亦可組合兩種以上而使用。
此種光聚合起始劑(I)之摻合量相對於含不飽和基之化合物100重量份,較佳為0.05~10.0重量份,更佳為0.1~5.0重量份。
上述所謂「含不飽和基之化合物」意指感光性複合樹脂組成物(H)中所含之全部放射線硬化性含不飽和基之化合物,包括多元羧酸樹脂(G)中具有放射線硬化性者、及多元羧酸樹脂(G)以外之光硬化性單體或光硬化性樹脂(J)等。
又,於多元羧酸樹脂(G)不含如不飽和基之放射線聚合性官能基之情形時,藉由使其含有各種光硬化性單體或光硬化性樹脂(J)或者醌二疊氮化合物(K)作為必需成分,可使其作為感光性複合樹脂組成物(H)而發揮功能。
於含有醌二疊氮化合物(K)之情形時,感光性複合樹脂組成物(H)成為正型感光性複合樹脂組成物。於正型樹脂組成物之情形時,使其感光時,組成物本身不會硬化。於正型之情形時,為了於圖案化後獲得硬化膜,例如於感光性複合樹脂組成物(H)中添加環氧化合物(L)等熱硬化性樹脂,於照射放射線、顯影後進行熱硬化,藉此可製成硬化膜。該熱硬化主要係利用多元羧酸樹脂(G)之羧酸基與環氧化合物(L)之環氧基之由熱引起之交聯反應而進行者。
上述光硬化性單體或光硬化性樹脂(J)係可藉由放射線而聚合之單體或低聚物,可根據與組成物之使用目的相應之物性而含有。作為此種可藉由放射線而聚合之單體或低聚物,可列舉以下之單體或低聚物:(甲基)丙烯酸2-羥基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羥基丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸3-羥基丙酯等具有羥基之(甲基)丙烯酸酯類;乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、四乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三羥甲基丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三羥甲基乙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、新戊四醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、新戊四醇三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、新戊四醇四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二新戊四醇四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二新戊四醇六(甲基)丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸甘油酯等(甲基)丙烯酸酯類。該等單體或低聚物可單獨使用一種,亦可組合兩種以上而使用。
該等單體或低聚物係作為黏度調整劑或光交聯劑而發揮作用,可於不損及本發明之樹脂組成物之性質之範圍內含有。通常,上述單體及低聚物中之至少一種相對於多元羧酸樹脂(G)100重量份以50重量份以下之範圍含有於組成物中。若該單體或低聚物之含量超過50重量份,則存在無機微粒子之分散性或均勻性出現問題之可能性。
作為上述醌二疊氮化合物(K),較佳為經以1,2-醌二疊氮磺酸進行酯化之化合物,可列舉:三羥基二苯甲酮與1,2-萘醌二疊氮磺酸之酯化物、四羥基二苯甲酮與1,2-萘醌二疊氮磺酸之酯化物、五羥基二苯甲酮與1,2-萘醌二疊氮磺酸之酯化物、六羥基二苯甲酮與1,2-萘醌二疊氮磺酸之酯化物、雙(2,4'-二羥基苯基)甲烷與1,2-萘醌二疊氮磺酸之酯化物、雙(對羥基苯基)甲烷與1,2-萘醌二疊氮磺酸之酯化物、三(對羥基苯基)
甲烷與1,2-萘醌二疊氮磺酸之酯化物、1,1,1-三(對羥基苯基)乙烷與1,2-萘醌二疊氮磺酸之酯化物、雙(2,3,4-三羥基苯基)甲烷與1,2-萘醌二疊氮磺酸之酯化物、2,2-雙(2,3,4-三羥基苯基)丙烷與1,2-萘醌二疊氮磺酸之酯化物、1,1,3-三(2,5-二甲基-4-羥基苯基)-3-苯基丙烷與1,2-萘醌二疊氮磺酸之酯化物、4,4'-[1-[4-[1-[4-羥基苯基]-1-甲基乙基]苯基]亞乙基]雙酚與1,2-萘醌二疊氮磺酸之酯化物、雙(2,5-二甲基-4-羥基苯基)-2-羥基苯基甲烷與1,2-萘醌二疊氮磺酸之酯化物、3,3,3',3'-四甲基-1,1'-螺茚-5,6,7,5',6',7'-己醇與1,2-萘醌二疊氮磺酸之酯化物、及2,2,4-三甲基-7,2',4'-三羥基黃酮與1,2-萘醌二疊氮磺酸之酯化物等。進而,亦可利用上述以外之醌二疊氮化合物。
上述所謂環氧化合物(L)係指具有至少1個環氧基之聚合物或單體。作為具有至少1個環氧基之聚合物,例如有苯酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、甲酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、雙酚A型環氧樹脂、雙酚F型環氧樹脂、雙酚S型環氧樹脂、聯苯型環氧樹脂、脂環式環氧樹脂等環氧樹脂。
作為具有至少1個環氧基之單體,可列舉苯基縮水甘油醚、對丁基苯酚縮水甘油醚、異氰尿酸三縮水甘油酯、異氰尿酸二縮水甘油酯、烯丙基縮水甘油醚、甲基丙烯酸縮水甘油酯等。該等化合物可單獨使用,亦可組合兩種以上而使用。
該等環氧化合物(L)可於不損及本發明之樹脂組成物之性質之範圍內含有。通常,以相對於多元羧酸樹脂(G)每100重量份為50重量份以下之比例含有環氧化合物(L)。於超過50重量份之情形時,於使含有該成分之組成物硬化時容易引起破裂,密接性亦變得容易降低。
本案發明之複合樹脂組成物之製造方法之特徵在於:於利用珠磨機之分散步驟結束時,混合有無機微粒子、溶劑、及含縮環結構之樹脂。於複合樹脂組成物含有分散劑及/或表面處理劑之情形時,較佳於利用珠磨機之分散步驟結束時,混合有無機微粒子、溶劑、含縮環結構之樹脂、以及分散劑及/或表面處理劑。以於利用珠磨機之分散步驟結束時混合有含縮環結構之樹脂作為一大特徵。通常,於利用珠磨機使無機微粒子分散於溶劑中後,會與含縮環結構之樹脂等混合,但於該方法中必須摻合相當量之分散劑及/或表面處理劑。另一方面,於本案發明之複合樹脂組成物之製造方法中,藉由在利用珠磨機之分散步驟結束時混合有含縮環結構之樹脂,而可將分散劑及/或表面處理劑之摻合量降低至極限,或者完全不含分散劑及/或表面處理劑。其結果,可抑制折射率之降低,並且亦可抑制硬化物之耐光性或耐熱性之降低。
於本案發明之複合樹脂組成物之製造方法中,只要於利用珠磨機之分散步驟結束時混合有無機微粒子、溶劑、及含縮環結構之樹脂即可。因此,於利用珠磨機之分散步驟前之無機微粒子、溶劑、及含縮環結構之樹脂之添加順序並無限定,例如可將全部成分一次混合,亦可依序將各成分逐一添加而混合。於複合樹脂組成物含有分散劑及/或表面處理劑之情形時該情況亦相同。又,於複合樹脂組成物含有分散劑及/或表面處理劑,且使用連續式珠磨機之情形時,例如,可預先將無機微粒子、溶劑、及含縮環結構之樹脂混合,然後開始利用珠磨機之分散步驟,並於利用珠磨機之分散步驟中添加分散劑及/或表面處理劑,亦可預先將無機微粒子、溶劑、以及分散劑及/或表面處理劑混合,然後開始利用珠磨機之分散步驟,並
於利用珠磨機之分散步驟中添加含縮環結構之樹脂。進而,只要於利用珠磨機之分散步驟結束時將無機微粒子、溶劑、及含縮環結構之樹脂混合,則亦可於利用珠磨機之分散步驟結束後進一步添加溶劑或含縮環結構之樹脂,於複合樹脂組成物含有分散劑及/或表面處理劑之情形時該情況亦相同。
硬化劑等任意成分可於利用珠磨機之分散步驟前、分散步驟中、分散步驟結束後之任一時點添加。
(薄膜及成形體)
使本發明之複合樹脂組成物硬化而獲得之薄膜、成形體等硬化物之折射率較高,且透明性、耐熱性、耐光性等優異。因此,本發明之複合樹脂組成物例如可較佳地用作顯示器件、電子零件之保護膜用材料(例如,用於彩色濾光片等液晶顯示元件、積體電路元件、固體攝像元件等之保護膜之形成材料);層間絕緣膜及/或平坦化膜之形成材料;防染(color resist)用黏合劑;用於製造印刷配線板之阻焊劑;對於形成代替液晶顯示元件中之珠狀間隔物之柱狀間隔物而言較佳之鹼可溶型感光性組成物等。進而,本發明之複合樹脂組成物亦可較佳地用作各種光學零件(透鏡、LED、塑膠膜、基板、光碟等)之材料;該光學零件之保護膜形成用塗佈劑;光學零件用接著劑(光纖用接著劑等);偏光板製造用塗佈劑;全像記錄用感光性樹脂組成物等。使本發明之複合樹脂組成物硬化而獲得之薄膜及成形體亦為本發明之一。
實施例
以下,藉由實施例對本發明進行更具體之說明,但本發明並
不限定於該等實施例。
1.使用原料
1-1.無機微粒子
氧化鋯(第一稀元素化學工業股份有限公司製造,UEP-100)
氧化鋯(第一稀元素化學工業股份有限公司製造,UEP-50)
鈦酸鋇(戶田工業股份有限公司製造,T-BTO-020RF)
1-2.溶劑
環己酮(中國石油化工有限公司製造)
丙二醇單甲醚(日本乳化劑股份有限公司製造,PGME)
丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯(Daicel股份有限公司製造,PGMEA)
1-3.分散劑
高分子型分散劑(BYK-Chemie Japan股份有限公司製造,BYK-118,有效成分100%)
高分子型分散劑(楠本化成股份有限公司製造,ED153,有效成分50%)
高分子型分散劑(東邦化學工業股份有限公司製造,RS-710,有效成分100%)
1-4.硬化劑
甲基-1-(4-甲硫基苯基)-2-啉基丙烷-1-酮(巴斯夫日本股份有限公司製造,IRGACURE 907)
2.含縮環結構之樹脂之合成
(製造例1)含縮環結構之樹脂A之合成
於300ml四口燒瓶中加入雙酚茀二縮水甘油醚(大阪瓦斯化學股份有
限公司製造:OGSOL PG)115g(環氧當量270g/eq)、作為觸媒之氯化三乙基苄基銨600mg、作為聚合抑制劑之2,6-二異丁基苯酚30mg、及丙烯酸36g,一面以10mL/min之速度向其中吹入空氣,一面於90~100℃進行加熱溶解。繼而,將其緩慢升溫至120℃。溶液變得透明黏稠,於該狀態下繼續攪拌。其間,對酸值進行測定,並持續加熱攪拌直至酸值成為未達1.0mgKOH/g,從而獲得淡黃色透明且為固體狀之含縮環結構之環氧酯樹脂。至酸值達到目標需15小時。於該含縮環結構之環氧酯樹脂中加入丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯(PGMEA)65g並溶解後,混合均苯四甲酸酐(PMDA)15g、四氫鄰苯二甲酸酐(THPA)7.6g及溴化四乙基銨0.1g,將其緩慢升溫並於110~115℃反應14小時。如此獲得含縮環結構之樹脂A之PGMEA溶液。酸酐之消失係藉由IR光譜而確認。又,該含縮環結構之樹脂A相當於上述多元羧酸樹脂(G-a-ii)。
(製造例2)含縮環結構之樹脂B之合成
於以與製造例1相同之方式所獲得之含縮環結構之環氧酯樹脂中加入丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯(PGMEA)65g及作為多元醇之二-三羥甲基丙烷1.5g並溶解後,混合均苯四甲酸酐(PMDA)15g及溴化四乙基銨0.1g,將其緩慢升溫並於110~115℃反應14小時。進而,添加四氫鄰苯二甲酸酐(THPA)7.6g並反應10小時,從而獲得含縮環結構之樹脂B之PGMEA溶液。酸酐之消失係藉由IR光譜而確認。又,該含縮環結構之樹脂B相當於上述多元羧酸樹脂(G-b-iii)。
(製造例3)含縮環結構之樹脂C之合成
於下述式(13)所表示之環氧酯樹脂中加入丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯
(PGMEA)65g並使其溶解後,混合雙酚四羧酸二酐(BPDA)15g及溴化四乙基銨0.1g,將其緩慢升溫並於110~115℃反應14小時,從而獲得含縮環結構之樹脂C之PGMEA溶液。酸酐之消失係藉由IR光譜而確認。又,該含縮環結構之樹脂C相當於上述多元羧酸樹脂(G-a-i)。再者,下述式(13)所表示之環氧酯樹脂可藉由於日本專利特開2009-185270號公報中所揭示之方法合成。
3.複合樹脂組成物
(比較例1、2)
以表1所示之摻合量將溶劑、分散劑、及無機微粒子混合,使用介質型分散機(珠磨機)使其分散。其後,將含縮環結構之樹脂及硬化劑混合,從而獲得複合樹脂組成物。藉由後述之方法對所獲得之複合樹脂組成物中之無機微粒子之平均粒徑進行測定。將結果示於表1。再者,於表1中,溶劑、分散劑及含縮環結構之樹脂之摻合量表示相對於無機微粒子100重量份之重量份,硬化劑之摻合量表示相對於含縮環結構之樹脂100重量份之重量份。
(實施例1~8)
以表1所示之摻合量將溶劑、含縮環結構之樹脂、分散劑、及無機微粒子混合,使用介質型分散機(珠磨機)使其分散,進而混合硬化劑,藉
此獲得複合樹脂組成物。針對所獲得之複合樹脂組成物,藉由後述之方法算出分散後之平均粒徑。將結果示於表1。
(實施例9、10)
以表1所示之摻合量將溶劑、含縮環結構之樹脂、及無機微粒子混合,使用介質型分散機(珠磨機)使其分散,進而混合硬化劑,藉此獲得複合樹脂組成物。針對所獲得之複合樹脂組成物,藉由後述之方法算出分散後之平均粒徑。將結果示於表1。
4.薄膜之形成方法
使用旋轉器將各實施例及比較例中獲得之複合樹脂組成物塗佈於玻璃基板上後,於90℃之加熱板上預烘烤2分鐘,從而形成厚度約1μm之塗膜。於氮氣環境下,使用250W之高壓水銀燈,以曝光量達到1000mJ/cm2之方式,以波長405nm對塗膜表面照射光強度9.5mW/cm2之紫外線,使塗膜硬化而獲得薄膜。針對所獲得之薄膜,藉由後述之方法對總光線透過率、霧度值、折射率及表面粗糙度進行評價。將結果示於表1。
5.評價方法
5-1.分散後之平均粒徑
針對各實施例及比較例中獲得之複合樹脂組成物,使用Malvern公司製造之Zetasizer Nano ZS,基於藉由動態光散射法所測得之散射強度分佈算出Z-平均粒徑。
5-2.總光線透過率
使用Suga Test Instruments股份有限公司製造之測霧計HZ-2進行測定。
5-3.霧度值
使用Suga Test Instruments股份有限公司製造之測霧計HZ-2進行測定。
5-4.折射率
使用光干涉式膜質測定機測定633nm之折射率。
5-5.表面粗糙度(Ra)
使用島津製作所股份有限公司製造之原子力顯微鏡進行測定。
於比較例1中,由於分散劑亦摻合10重量份,因此僅可獲得折射率較低為1.76之硬化物。於比較例2中,雖然將分散劑之摻合量降低至2.5重量份,但無機粒子之分散後的平均粒徑為80nm,亦無法測定硬化物之折射率及表面粗糙度。另一方面,於實施例1~8中,雖然分散劑之摻合量較少為2.5重量份,但由於在利用珠磨機分散無機微粒子前混合有含縮環結構之樹脂,因此得以獲得折射率較高、表面粗糙度亦較小之硬化物。於實施例9、10中,雖然完全未摻合分散劑,但由於在利用珠磨機分散無機微粒子前混合有含縮環結構之樹脂,因此得以獲得折射率較高、表面粗糙度亦較小之硬化物。
[產業上之可利用性]
本發明之複合樹脂組成物由於提供折射率較高之硬化物,故而適於光學用膜、顯示元件、彩色濾光片、觸控面板、電子紙、太陽電池、半導體元件等構成零件用途。
Claims (10)
- 一種複合樹脂組成物,含有:無機微粒子、溶劑、及環氧酯樹脂、多元羧酸樹脂:具有源自選自由茚、四氫萘(tetralin)、茀、(xanthene)、蒽、及苯并蒽組成之群中之至少一種之縮環結構,並含有相對於無機微粒子100重量份為5重量份以下之表面處理劑作為任意成分,無機微粒子之分散後的平均粒徑為10~70nm。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之複合樹脂組成物,其進而含有分散劑,分散劑及表面處理劑之含量相對於無機微粒子100重量份,為5重量份以下。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之複合樹脂組成物,其中,無機微粒子為氧化鋁以外之無機微粒子。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之複合樹脂組成物,其中,無機微粒子為選自由氧化鋯、氧化鈦、及鈦酸鋇組成之群中之至少一種。
- 一種製造申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項之複合樹脂組成物之方法,於利用珠磨機(beads mill)之分散步驟結束時,混合有無機微粒子、溶劑、及含縮環結構之樹脂。
- 一種薄膜,係使申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項之複合樹脂組成物硬化而獲得。
- 一種成形體,係使申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項之複合樹脂組成物硬化而獲得。
- 一種光學膜,具有申請專利範圍第6項之薄膜。
- 一種顯示元件,具有申請專利範圍第6項之薄膜。
- 一種顯示元件,具有申請專利範圍第7項之成形體。
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