TWI639629B - 用於電子應用之菲并[9,10-b]呋喃聚合物及小分子 - Google Patents
用於電子應用之菲并[9,10-b]呋喃聚合物及小分子 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI639629B TWI639629B TW102111739A TW102111739A TWI639629B TW I639629 B TWI639629 B TW I639629B TW 102111739 A TW102111739 A TW 102111739A TW 102111739 A TW102111739 A TW 102111739A TW I639629 B TWI639629 B TW I639629B
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- alkyl
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- aryl
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 title description 6
- HRKZZKXMJWCFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthro[9,10-b]furan Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1OC=C2 HRKZZKXMJWCFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000013086 organic photovoltaic Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 211
- -1 amine mercapto Chemical class 0.000 claims description 103
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 95
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 80
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 75
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- GBXQPDCOMJJCMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl-[6-(trimethylazaniumyl)hexyl]azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C GBXQPDCOMJJCMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 50
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 47
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 25
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000006702 (C1-C18) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- WMIYKQLTONQJES-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F WMIYKQLTONQJES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000006731 (C1-C8) thioalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004209 (C1-C8) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000538 pentafluorophenyl group Chemical group FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(*)C(F)=C1F 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 64
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 87
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 54
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 52
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 40
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical class C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 31
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical class [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 26
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 21
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 16
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 15
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 13
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 13
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- MCEWYIDBDVPMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N [60]pcbm Chemical compound C123C(C4=C5C6=C7C8=C9C%10=C%11C%12=C%13C%14=C%15C%16=C%17C%18=C(C=%19C=%20C%18=C%18C%16=C%13C%13=C%11C9=C9C7=C(C=%20C9=C%13%18)C(C7=%19)=C96)C6=C%11C%17=C%15C%13=C%15C%14=C%12C%12=C%10C%10=C85)=C9C7=C6C2=C%11C%13=C2C%15=C%12C%10=C4C23C1(CCCC(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 MCEWYIDBDVPMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 12
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 11
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 10
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 9
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 8
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 7
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 7
- LXNAVEXFUKBNMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(II) acetate Substances [Pd].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O LXNAVEXFUKBNMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=CC2=C1 IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1408157 Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 6
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 6
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 101150003085 Pdcl gene Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 238000006069 Suzuki reaction reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229960001701 chloroform Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002829 nitrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 5
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000008045 alkali metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- PQVSTLUFSYVLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl n-ethoxycarbonylcarbamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)NC(=O)OCC PQVSTLUFSYVLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- GLXDVVHUTZTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium hydroxide monohydrate Substances [Li+].O.[OH-] GLXDVVHUTZTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229940040692 lithium hydroxide monohydrate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002096 quantum dot Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- PBKONEOXTCPAFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 PBKONEOXTCPAFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001637 1-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001622 2-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001204 arachidyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000002511 behenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 125000000319 biphenyl-4-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C1=C([H])C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004106 butoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000006297 carbonyl amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:2])C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- DVVDGSKDQGMLPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ditert-butyl-(1-phenylpyrrol-2-yl)phosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)P(C(C)(C)C)C1=CC=CN1C1=CC=CC=C1 DVVDGSKDQGMLPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 3
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003538 pentan-3-yl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/122—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides
- C08G61/123—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds
- C08G61/126—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds with a five-membered ring containing one sulfur atom in the ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
- C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D519/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing more than one system of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system not provided for in groups C07D453/00 or C07D455/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
本發明係關於包含式或之重複單
元之聚合物,
及 式或
之化合物,其中Y、Y15、Y16及
Y17彼此獨立地為式或
Description
本發明係關於包含式(I)或(II)之重複單元之聚合物及式(VIII)或(IX)之化合物,其中Y、Y15、Y16及Y17彼此獨立地為式(I)或(II)之基團,及其作為有機半導體用於有機電子裝置、尤其用於有機光伏打(太陽能電池)及光電二極體或用於含有二極體及/或有機場效電晶體之裝置中之用途。本發明之聚合物及化合物可具有在有機溶劑中之極佳溶解性及極佳成膜特性。另外,在本發明之聚合物及化合物用於有機場效電晶體、有機光伏打(太陽能電池)及光電二極體時,可觀察到高效率能量轉換、極佳場效遷移率、良好開/關電流比及/或極佳穩定性。
US5077142係關於包含夾有1個有機層之陽極及陰極的電致發光裝置,其中該(等)有機層包括由通式(B)m-(A)n表示之化合物(B為所選環烴、縮合多環烴、含O之雜環、含N之雜環及含S之雜環;A為苯、聯苯、甲氧基苯或萘基;m為1至6範圍內之整數;且n為1至6範圍內
之整數)。明確揭示以下化合物:
EP1067165描述有機電致發光元件,其包含包括1個置於陽極與陰極之間的薄有機化合物層之發光層,其中1個有機化合物薄層含有
具有由氮陰離子(例如芳族雜環中所包括)及金屬陽離子形成之離子配位鍵與在氮原子或硫族元素與金屬之間形成之配位鍵的有機金屬錯合物。有機金屬錯合物之金屬陽離子可選自Al、Ga、In、Tl、Be、Mg、Sr、Ba、Ca、Zn、Cd、Hg、Pd或Cu。明確揭示以下金屬錯合物:
及
US7183010係關於所述有機發光裝置,其包含基板;安置於該基板上之陽極及陰極;安置於陽極與陰極之間的發光層,其中該發光層包括主體及1種摻雜劑;該主體包括包含2種組分之混合物的固體有機材料,該等組分包括第一組分,亦即能夠傳輸電子及/或電洞且形成單體狀態及聚集體狀態之有機化合物,及第二組分,亦即與第一主體組分混合時能夠形成連續且實質上無針孔之層之有機化合物,而該摻雜劑經選擇以自發光裝置產生光。明確揭示二萘并[1',2':2,3;2",1":10,11]苝并[1,12]呋喃(194-45-6;四苯并[1,2:5,6:7,8:11,12]五聯苯并[13,14-bcd]呋喃(8CI,9CI))
US6828044描述一種裝置,其中摻雜劑包含如下式所表示之苯并
呋喃:。Ra及Rb獨立地表示芳基或雜芳基且其所
鍵結之氮位於苯環之3或4位;且Rc表示氫或烷基、芳基或雜芳基;且Rd表示可連接以形成與環A稠合之環的一或多個氫或烷基、經取代之氮、芳基或雜芳基。
WO2006097419描述可含有式之重複單元之聚
合物,其中A為5、6或7員雜芳環,其含有至少一個選自氮、氧及硫之雜原子、尤其一個氮原子及至少一個選自氮、經取代之氮、氧及硫之其他雜原子。
A之非限制性實例為:
或,其中X為O、S或N-R17且點線---指示
與苯環鍵結。
WO2007/090773係關於包含式之重複單元的
聚合物,
其中A為5、6或7員雜芳環,其含有至少一個選自氮、氧及硫之雜原子、尤其一個氮原子及至少一個選自氮、經取代之氮、氧及硫之其他雜原子,Ra、R1、R2、R3、R4、R1'、R2'、R3'及R4'中之至少一者為基團R10,其中R10為基團-(Sp)x1-[PG']<,其中Sp為間隔子單元,PG'為衍生自可聚合基團之基團,x1為0或1,且x為0或1至4之整數。
A之非限制性實例為:
或,其中X為O、S或
N-R17且點線---指示與苯環鍵結。
WO2008031743係關於電致發光裝置,其包含式
之化合物,尤其作為主體用於發磷光化合物。A為
5、6或7員雜芳環,其含有至少一個選自氮、氧及硫之雜原子、尤其一個氮原子及至少一個選自氮、經取代之氮、氧及硫之其他雜原子。
WO2008/119666揭示式之化合物,其製備方法
及其在有機發光二極體(OLED)中之用途,尤其作為主體用於發磷光化合物。A為5、6或7員雜芳環,其含有至少一個選自氮、氧及硫之雜原子、尤其一個氮原子及至少一個選自氮、經取代之氮、氧及硫之其他雜原子。
A之實例為:
或,其中R7具有R8之含
義,R8"具有R8之含義,X為O、S、N-R17,其中R205、R206、R207、R208、R209、R210、R8、R9、R8'、R9'、R10及R17係如下文所定義,p為0、1、2或3且點線---指示與聯苯單元鍵結。
WO2011137157揭示用於有機發光二極體之發磷光材料,使用聯伸三苯與苯并呋喃系統之組合。
,其
中R1、R2及Ra係獨立地選自氫、氘、烷基、烷氧基、胺基、烯基、炔基、芳烷基、芳基及雜芳基。R1及R2各可表示單、二、三、四取代基。使至少2個R1及R2之取代基連接以形成稠合環。Ra表示不能稠合以形成苯并環之單或二取代基。X為O、S或Se。苯并呋喃可選自通式
之化合物。
PCT/EP2011/067255係關於電子裝置且尤其電致發光裝置,其包
含式之化合物,尤其作為主體用於發磷光化合物,
其中R1及R2彼此獨立地為H、F、C1-C18烷基、經E取代及/或雜有D之C1-C18烷基、C6-C24芳基、經G取代之C6-C24芳基、C2-C20雜芳基、經G取代之C2-C20雜芳基,或
R1及R2一起形成基團或,其中
R206'、R208'、R205、R206、R207、R208、R209及R210彼此獨立地為H、C1-C18烷基、經E取代及/或雜有D之C1-C18烷基、C1-C18烷氧基或經E取代及/或雜有D之C1-C18烷氧基、C1-C18氟烷基、C6-C24芳基、經G取代之C6-C24芳基、C2-C20雜芳基、經G取代之C2-C20雜芳基、C2-C18烯基、
C2-C18炔基、C7-C25芳烷基、經G取代之C7-C25芳烷基;CN或-CO-R28,L3及L4彼此獨立地為單鍵或橋接單元BU,X1及X2彼此獨立地為基團-NA1A1'。
本發明之一目標為提供聚合物,其在用於有機場效電晶體、有機光伏打(太陽能電池)及光電二極體時顯示高效率能量轉換、極佳場效遷移率、良好開/關電流比及/或極佳穩定性。
該目標已藉由包含下式之重複單元的聚合物解決:
或
R1及R2彼此獨立地為H、F、C1-C18烷基、經E'取代及/或雜有D'之C1-C18烷基、C6-C24芳基、經G'取代之C6-C24芳基、C2-C20雜芳基、經G'取代之C2-C20雜芳基,或
R1及R2一起形成基團或,其中
R205、R206、R206'、R207、R208、R208'、R209及R210彼此獨立地為H、C1-C18烷基、經E'取代及/或雜有D'之C1-C18烷基、C1-C18烷氧基或經E'取代及/或雜有D'之C1-C18烷氧基、C1-C18氟烷基、C6-C24芳基、經G'取代之C6-C24芳基、C2-C20雜芳基、經G'取代之C2-C20雜芳基、C2-C18烯基、C2-C18炔基、C7-C25芳烷基、經G'取代之C7-C25芳烷基;CN或-CO-R28,
D'為-CO-、-COO-、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、-O-、-NR65-、-SiR70R71-、-POR72-、-CR63=CR64-或-C≡C-,且E'為-OR69、-SR69、-NR65R66、-COR68、-COOR67、-CONR65R66、-CN、CF3或鹵素,G'為E'、C1-C18烷基或雜有-O-之C1-C18烷基,R28為H;C6-C18芳基;經C1-C18烷基或C1-C18烷氧基取代之C6-C18芳基;C1-C18烷基;或雜有-O-之C1-C18烷基,R63及R64彼此獨立地為C6-C18芳基;經C1-C18烷基或C1-C18烷氧基取代之C6-C18芳基;C1-C18烷基;或雜有-O-之C1-C18烷基;R65及R66彼此獨立地為C6-C18芳基;經C1-C18烷基或C1-C18烷氧基取代之C6-C18芳基;C1-C18烷基;或雜有-O-之C1-C18烷基;或R65及R66一起形成5或6員環,R67為C6-C18芳基;經C1-C18烷基或C1-C18烷氧基取代之C6-C18芳基;C1-C18烷基;或雜有-O-之C1-C18烷基,R68為H;C6-C18芳基;經C1-C18烷基或C1-C18烷氧基取代之C6-C18芳基;C1-C18烷基;或雜有-O-之C1-C18烷基,R69為C6-C18芳基;經C1-C18烷基或C1-C18烷氧基取代之C6-C18芳基;C1-C18烷基;或雜有-O-之C1-C18烷基,R70及R71彼此獨立地為C1-C18烷基、C6-C18芳基或經C1-C18烷基取代之C6-C18芳基,且R72為C1-C18烷基、C6-C18芳基或經C1-C18烷基取代之C6-C18芳基。
本發明之聚合物或包含本發明之聚合物之有機半導體材料、層或組件宜可用於有機發光二極體(PLED、OLED)、有機光伏打(太陽能電池)及光電二極體或有機場效電晶體(organic field effect transistor,OFET)中。
本發明之聚合物之重量平均分子量較佳為4,000道爾頓或4,000道爾頓以上,尤其為4,000至2,000,000道爾頓,更佳為10,000至1,000,000,且最佳為10,000至100,000道爾頓。分子量根據高溫凝膠滲透層析(high-temperature gel permeation chromatography,HT-GPC)使用聚苯乙烯標準物來測定。本發明之聚合物之多分散性較佳為1.01至10,更佳為1.1至3.0,最佳為1.5至2.5。本發明之聚合物較佳共軛。
本發明之寡聚物之重量平均分子量較佳低於4,000道爾頓。
在一較佳實施例中,R1及R2一起形成基團。R205、
R206、R207及R208較佳為H。
在另一較佳實施例中,R1及R2為式或之
基團,其中R400、R401、R402及R403彼此獨立地為H、CN、F、CF3、C1-C18烷氧基;C1-C18烷基;或雜有-O-之C1-C18烷基。R400、R401、R402及R403較佳為H。
在一較佳實施例中,本發明係有關於包含式
或之重複單元之聚合物,其中R1
及R2彼此獨立地為式或
之基團,其中R400、R401、R402、R403、R404及R405彼此獨
立地為H、CN、F、CF3、C1-C18烷氧基;C1-C18烷基;或雜有-O-之
C1-C18烷基,或R1及R2一起形成基團
在式I之重複單元中,式及
之重複單元較佳。在式II之重複單元中,式及
之重複單元較佳。
聚合物可為式之均聚物,其中A為式(I)或(II)之重複單
元。n通常在4至1000、尤其4至200、極尤其5至150之範圍內。
或者,聚合物可為包含式及、尤其
之重複單元之聚合物、極尤其式
之共聚物,其中
n通常在4至1000、尤其4至200、極尤其5至150之範圍內。
A為式(I)或(II)之重複單元,且
-COM1-為重複單元,其中
k為0、1、2或3;l為1、2或3;r為0、1、2或3;z為0、1、2或3;Ar4、Ar5、Ar6及Ar7彼此獨立地為下式之基團:
諸如
及;或,諸如
,其中
X1為-O-、-S-、-NR8-、-Si(R11)(R11')-、-Ge(R11)(R11')-、-
C(R7)(R7')-、-C(=O)-、-C(=CR104R104')-、 或 ,諸如 及 ,諸如 及,其中
X1'為S、O、NR107-、-Si(R117)(R117')-、-Ge(R117)(R117')-、-
C(R108)(R109)-、-C(=O)-、-C(=CR104R104')-、 或
R3及R3'彼此獨立地為氫、鹵素、鹵化C1-C25烷基、氰基、可視情況雜有一或多個氧或硫原子之C1-C25烷基;C7-C25芳基烷基或C1-C25烷氧基;R104及R104'彼此獨立地為氫、氰基、COOR103、C1-C25烷基或C6-C24芳基或C2-C20雜芳基,R4、R4'、R5、R5'、R6及R6'彼此獨立地為氫、鹵素、鹵化C1-C25烷基、氰基、可視情況雜有一或多個氧或硫原子之C1-C25烷基;C7-C25芳基烷基或C1-C25烷氧基;R7、R7'、R9及R9'彼此獨立地為氫、可視情況雜有一或多個氧或硫原子之C1-C25烷基;或C7-C25芳基烷基,R8及R8'彼此獨立地為氫、C6-C18芳基;經C1-C18烷基或C1-C18烷氧基取代之C6-C18芳基;或可視情況雜有一或多個氧或硫原子之C1-C25烷基;或C7-C25芳基烷基,R11及R11'彼此獨立地為C1-C25烷基、C7-C25芳基烷基或可經C1-C8烷基及/或C1-C8烷氧基取代一至三次之苯基;R12及R12'彼此獨立地為氫、鹵素、氰基、可視情況雜有一或多個
氧或硫原子之C1-C25烷基、C1-C25烷氧基、C7-C25芳基烷基或R13,其中R13為C1-C10烷基或三(C1-C8烷基)矽烷基;或R104及R104'彼此獨立地為氫、C1-C18烷基、可視情況經G取代之C6-C10芳基或可視情況經G取代之C2-C8雜芳基,R105、R105'、R106及R106'彼此獨立地為氫、鹵素、氰基、可視情況雜有一或多個氧或硫原子之C1-C25烷基;C7-C25芳基烷基或C1-C18烷氧基,R107為氫、C7-C25芳基烷基、C6-C18芳基;經C1-C18烷基或C1-C18烷氧基取代之C6-C18芳基;C1-C18全氟烷基;可雜有-O-或-S-之C1-C25烷基;或-COOR103;R108及R109彼此獨立地為H、C1-C25烷基、經E取代及/或雜有D之C1-C25烷基、C7-C25芳基烷基、C6-C24芳基、經G取代之C6-C24芳基、C2-C20雜芳基、經G取代之C2-C20雜芳基、C2-C18烯基、C2-C18炔基、C1-C18烷氧基、經E取代及/或雜有D之C1-C18烷氧基、或C7-C25芳烷基,或R108及R109一起形成式=CR110R111之基團,其中R110及R111彼此獨立地為H、C1-C18烷基、經E取代及/或雜有D之C1-C18烷基、C6-C24芳基、經G取代之C6-C24芳基、或C2-C20雜芳基、或經G取代之C2-C20雜芳基,或R108及R109一起形成5或6員環,其視情況可經以下取代:C1-C18烷基、經E取代及/或雜有D之C1-C18烷基、C6-C24芳基、經G取代之C6-C24芳基、C2-C20雜芳基、經G取代之C2-C20雜芳基、C2-C18烯基、C2-C18炔基、C1-C18烷氧基、經E取代及/或雜有D之C1-C18烷氧基、或C7-C25芳烷基,D為-CO-、-COO-、-S-、-O-或-NR112'-,E為C1-C8硫烷氧基、C1-C8烷氧基、CN、-NR112'R113'、-
CONR112'R113'或鹵素,G為E或C1-C18烷基,且R112'及R113'彼此獨立地為H;C6-C18芳基;經C1-C18烷基或C1-C18烷氧基取代之C6-C18芳基;C1-C18烷基;或雜有-O-之C1-C18烷基,R115及R115'彼此獨立地為氫、鹵素、氰基、可視情況雜有一或多個氧或硫原子之C1-C25烷基、C1-C25烷氧基、C7-C25芳基烷基或R116,其中R116為C1-C10烷基或三(C1-C8烷基)矽烷基;R117及R117'彼此獨立地為C1-C25烷基、C7-C25芳基烷基或可經C1-C8烷基及/或C1-C8烷氧基取代一至三次之苯基;R118、R119、R120及R121彼此獨立地為氫、鹵素、鹵化C1-C25烷基、氰基、可視情況雜有一或多個氧或硫原子之C1-C25烷基;C7-C25芳基烷基、或C1-C25烷氧基;R122及R122'彼此獨立地為氫、C6-C18芳基;經C1-C18烷基或C1-C18烷氧基取代之C6-C18芳基;或可視情況雜有一或多個氧或硫原子之C1-C25烷基;或C7-C25芳基烷基。
R201係選自氫、C1-C100烷基、-COOR103、經一或多個鹵素原子、羥基、硝基、-CN或C6-C18芳基取代及/或雜有-O-、-COO-、-OCO-或-S-之C1-C100烷基;C7-C25芳基烷基、胺甲醯基、可經C1-C100烷基及/或C1-C100烷氧基取代一至三次之C5-C12環烷基;C6-C24芳基,尤其可經C1-C100烷基、C1-C100硫烷氧基及/或C1-C100烷氧基取代一至三次之苯基或1-萘基或2-萘基;及五氟苯基;R103及R114彼此獨立地為可視情況雜有一或多個氧或硫原子之C1-C25烷基,R202及R203可相同或不同且係選自H、F、-CN、可視情況雜有一或多個氧或硫原子之C1-C100烷基;及C1-C100烷氧基。
上述重複單元COM1為已知的且可根據已知程序來製備。關於
DPP重複單元及其合成,參考例如US6451459B1、WO05/049695、WO2008/000664、EP2034537A2、EP2075274A1、WO2010/049321、WO2010/049323、WO2010/108873、WO2010/115767、WO2010/136353、WO2010/136352及PCT/EP2011/057878。
R3、R3'、R4及R4'較佳為氫或C1-C25烷基。
R201較佳為直鏈或分支鏈C1-C36烷基,諸如甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、第二丁基、異丁基、第三丁基、正戊基、2-戊基、3-戊基、2,2-二甲基丙基、1,1,3,3-四甲基戊基、正己基、1-甲基己基、1,1,3,3,5,5-六甲基己基、正庚基、異庚基、1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基、1-甲基庚基、3-甲基庚基、正辛基、1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基及2-乙基己基、正壬基、癸基、十一烷基、尤其正十二烷基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十五烷基、十六烷基、2-乙基-己基、2-丁基-己基、2-丁基-辛基、2-己基癸基、2-癸基-十四烷基、十七烷基、十八烷基、二十烷基、二十一烷基、二十二烷基或二十四烷基。
基團R201宜可藉由式表示,其中m1=n1+2且m1+n1
24。對掌性側鏈可為均勻對掌性或外消旋側鏈,其可影響化合物之形態。
-COM1-較佳為式 或
之重複單元,其中R3、R3'、
R4及R4'彼此獨立地為氫或C1-C25烷基;R8及R8'彼此獨立地為氫或C1-C25烷基;R114為C1-C38烷基;R201為C1-C38烷基;及
R202及R203彼此獨立地為氫或C1-C25烷基。
在一尤其較佳實施例中,COM1係選自式(XVb)、(XVb')、(XVe)、(XVh)、(XVh')、(XVu')、(XVu")及(XVu'''),尤其(XVb)、(XVb')、(XVu')、(XVu")及(XVu''')之重複單元。
在本發明之一較佳實施例中,聚合物為包含式
之重複單元之共聚物,尤其式之共聚物,其
中A及COM1係如上文所定義;n為產生4,000至2,000,000道爾頓、更佳10,000至1,000,000且最佳10,000至100,000道爾頓之分子量之數字。n通常在4至1000、尤其4至200、極尤其5至150之範圍內。由式III表示之聚合物結構為例如經由鈴木聚合程序(Suzuki polymerization
procedure)獲得之聚合物產物之理想化表示。式之重
複單元可以兩種方式併入聚合物鏈中:及
。兩種可能性應藉由式(III)涵蓋。
本發明之聚合物可包含2種以上不同重複單元,諸如彼此不同之重複單元A、COM1及B。
在該實施例中,聚合物為包含式之重複單
元之共聚物,其中x=0.995至0.005,y=0.005至0.995,尤其x=0.2
至0.8,y=0.8至0.2,且x+y=1。B具有COM1之含義,其限制條件為B與COM1不同。A及COM1係如上文所定義。
在本發明之另一較佳實施例中,A為如上文所定義之式(Ia)、
(Ib)、(IIa)或(IIb)之重複單元,且為式 或之
基團;其中R3、R3'、R4及R4'彼此獨立地為氫或C1-C25烷基;R8及R8'彼此獨立地為氫或C1-C25烷基;且R201為C1-C38烷基。相較於式(IIa)及(IIb)之重複單元,式(Ia)及(Ib)之重複單元更佳。
在式I或II之聚合物中,以下聚合物較佳:
及,其中n為4至
1000、尤其4至200、極尤其5至150。
R3、R3'、R4及R4'彼此獨立地為氫或C1-C25烷基;且R201為C1-C38烷基。
特定較佳聚合物之實例如下所示:
及
式III之共聚物可例如藉由鈴木反應獲得。芳族酸鹽與鹵化物(尤其為溴化物)之縮合反應(通常稱作「鈴木反應」)容許存在如N.Miyaura及A.Suzuki在Chemical Reviews,第95卷,第457-2483頁(1995)中所報導之各種有機官能基。較佳催化劑為2-二環己基膦基-2',6'-二-烷氧基聯苯/乙酸鈀(II)、三烷基-鏻鹽/鈀(0)衍生物及三烷基膦/鈀(0)衍生物。尤其較佳之催化劑為2-二環己基膦基-2',6'-二-甲氧基聯苯(sPhos)/乙酸鈀(II)及四氟硼酸三第三丁基鏻((t-Bu)3P*HBF4)/參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0)(Pd2(dba)3)及三第三丁基膦(t-Bu)3P/參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0)(Pd2(dba)3)。此反應可應用於製備高分子量聚合物及共聚物。
為製備對應於式III之聚合物,在Pd及三苯基膦之催化作用下,使式X10-A-X10之二鹵化物與一定(等莫耳)量之對應於式
之二酸或二酸鹽反應;或使式之二鹵化物與一定(等
莫耳)量之對應於式X11-A-X11之二酸或二酸鹽反應,其中X10為鹵素,尤其為Br,且X11在每次出現時獨立地為-B(OH)2、-B(OY1)2、
或,其中Y1在每次出現時獨立地為C1-C10烷基且
Y2在每次出現時獨立地為C2-C10伸烷基,諸如-CY3Y4-CY5Y6-或-CY7Y8-CY9Y10-CY11Y12-,其中Y3、Y4、Y5、Y6、Y7、Y8、Y9、Y10、Y11及Y12彼此獨立地為氫或C1-C10烷基、尤其-C(CH3)2C(CH3)2-、-CH2C(CH3)2CH2-或-C(CH3)2CH2C(CH3)2-,且Y13及Y14彼此獨立地為氫或C1-C10烷基。反應通常在約0℃至180℃下在諸如甲苯、二甲苯之芳族烴溶劑中進行。亦可單獨或與芳族烴混合使用其他溶劑,諸如二甲基甲醯胺、二噁烷、二甲氧基乙烷及四氫呋喃。使用鹼水溶液,較佳碳酸鈉或碳酸氫鈉、磷酸鉀、碳酸鉀或碳酸氫鉀作為酸、酸鹽之活化劑且作為HBr清除劑。聚合反應可耗時0.2至100小時。諸如氫氧化四烷基銨之有機鹼及諸如TBAB之相轉移催化劑可促進硼之活性(參見例如Leadbeater & Marco;Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.Eng.42(2003)1407及其中所引用之參考文獻)。反應條件之其他變化形式由T.I.Wallow及B.M.Novak於J.Org.Chem.59(1994)5034-5037中;及M.Remmers,M.Schulze及G.Wegner於Macromol.Rapid Commun.17(1996)239-252中給出。可能藉由使用過量二溴化物、二酸或二酸鹽或鏈終止劑來控制分子量。
根據WO2010/136352中所述之方法,在以下各物存在下進行聚合:a)包含鈀催化劑及有機膦或鏻化合物之催化劑/配位體系統,b)鹼,c)溶劑或溶劑混合物,其特徵在於:
有機膦為式之三取代膦或其鏻鹽,其中X"獨
立於Y"表示氮原子或C-R2"基團且Y"獨立於X"表示氮原子或C-R9"基團,針對兩個R1"基團中每一者之R1"彼此獨立地表示選自C1-C24烷基、C3-C20環烷基(其尤其包括單環以及二環及三環環烷基)、C5-C14芳基(其尤其包括苯基、萘基、茀基)、C2-C13雜芳基(其中選自N、O、S之群之雜原子的數目可為1至2)之群的基團,其中該兩個基團R1"亦可彼此鍵聯,且其中上述基團R1"自身各可經選自以下之群之取代基彼此獨立地單或多取代:氫、C1-C20烷基、C2-C20烯基、C3-C8環烷基、C2-C9雜烷基、C5-C10芳基、C2-C9雜芳基(其中來自N、O、S之群之雜原子之數目可為1至4)、C1-C20烷氧基、C1-C10鹵烷基、羥基、式NH-(C1-C20烷基)、NH-(C5-C10芳基)、N(C1-C20烷基)2、N(C1-C20烷基)(C5-C10芳基)、N(C5-C10芳基)2、N(C1-C20烷基/C5-C10芳基3)3 +、NH-CO-C1-C20烷基、NH-CO-C5-C10芳基之胺基、式COOH及COOQ之羧根基(其中Q表示單價陽離子或C1-C8烷基)、C1-C6醯氧基、亞磺酸根基、式SO3H及SO3Q'之磺酸根基(其中Q'表示單價陽離子、C1-C20烷基或C5-C10芳基)、三C1-C6烷基矽烷基,其中兩個所提及之取代基亦可彼此橋接,R2"至R9"表示氫、烷基、烯基、環烷基、芳族或雜芳族芳基、O-烷基、NH-烷基、N-(烷基)2、O-(芳基)、NH-(芳基)、N-(烷基)(芳基)、O-CO-烷基、O-CO-芳基、F、Si(烷基)3、CF3、CN、CO2H、COH、SO3H、CONH2、CONH(烷基)、CON(烷基)2、SO2(烷基)、SO(烷基)、SO(芳基)、SO2(芳基)、SO3(烷基)、SO3(芳基)、S-烷基、S-芳
基、NH-CO(烷基)、CO2(烷基)、CONH2、CO(烷基)、NHCOH、NHCO2(烷基)、CO(芳基)、CO2(芳基)基團,其中兩個或兩個以上相鄰基團彼此獨立,亦可彼此鍵聯以便存在縮合環系統,且其中在R2"至R9"中,烷基表示在各種情況下可為直鏈或分支鏈之具有1至20個碳原子之烴基團,烯基表示在各種情況下可為直鏈或分支鏈之具有2至20個碳原子之單或多不飽和烴基團,環烷基表示具有3至20個碳原子之烴,芳基表示5至14員芳族基團,其中芳基中之1至4個碳原子亦可經來自氮、氧及硫之群之雜原子置換以便存在5至14員雜芳族基團,其中基團R2"至R9"亦可帶有如關於R1"所定義之其他取代基。
有機膦及其合成描述於WO2004101581中。
較佳有機膦係選自下式之三取代膦:
1)R5"及R6"一起形成環。2)R3"及R4"一起形成環
較佳催化劑之實例包括以下化合物:乙醯基丙酮酸鈀(II)、鈀(0)二亞苄基-丙酮錯合物、丙酸鈀(II),Pd2(dba)3:[參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0)],Pd(dba)2:[雙(二亞苄基丙酮)鈀(0)],Pd(PR3)2,其中PR3為式VI之三取代膦,Pd(OAc)2:[乙酸鈀(II)]、氯化鈀(II)、溴化鈀(II)、四氯鈀(II)酸鋰,PdCl2(PR3)2;其中PR3為式VI之三取代膦;鈀(0)二烯丙基醚錯合物、硝酸鈀(II),PdCl2(PhCN)2:[二氯雙(苯甲腈)鈀(II)],PdCl2(CH3CN):[二氯雙(乙腈)鈀(II)],及PdCl2(COD):[二氯(1,5-環辛二烯)鈀(II)]。
尤其較佳為PdCl2、Pd2(dba)3、Pd(dba)2、Pd(OAc)2或Pd(PR3)2。最佳為Pd2(dba)3及Pd(OAc)2。
反應混合物中存在催化量之鈀催化劑。術語「催化量」係指明顯低於1當量(雜)芳族化合物之量,較佳為以所用(雜)芳族化合物之當量計0.001至5mol%、最佳0.001至1mol%。
反應混合物中之膦或鏻鹽之量較佳為以所用(雜)芳族化合物之當量計0.001至10mol%、最佳0.01至5mol%。Pd:膦之較佳比率為1:4。
鹼可選自所有鹼水溶液及非水溶液且可為無機或有機鹼。反應混合物中較佳存在每個官能性硼基團至少1.5當量該鹼。適合鹼為例如鹼金屬及鹼土金屬氫氧化物、羧酸鹽、碳酸鹽、氟化物及磷酸鹽,
諸如氫氧化鈉及氫氧化鉀、乙酸鈉及乙酸鉀、碳酸鈉及碳酸鉀、氟化鈉及氟化鉀、及磷酸鈉及磷酸鉀或另外金屬醇化物。亦可使用鹼之混合物。鹼較佳為鋰鹽,諸如烷醇鋰(諸如甲醇鋰及乙醇鋰)、氫氧化鋰、羧酸鋰、碳酸鋰、氟化鋰及/或磷酸鋰。
目前最佳之鹼為LiOHxH2O(LiOH之單水合物)水溶液及(無水)LiOH。
反應通常在約0℃至180℃、較佳20至160℃、更佳40至140℃且最佳40至120℃下進行。聚合反應可耗時0.1、尤其0.2至100小時。
在本發明之一較佳實施例中,溶劑為THF,鹼為LiOH*H2O且反應在THF之回流溫度(約65℃)下進行。
溶劑例如係選自甲苯、二甲苯、苯甲醚、THF、2-甲基四氫呋喃、二噁烷、氯苯、氟苯或包含一或多種溶劑之溶劑混合物,如THF/甲苯及視情況存在之水。最佳為THF或THF/水。
聚合宜在以下各物存在下進行:a)乙酸鈀(II)或Pd2(dba)3、(參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0))及有機膦A-1至A-13,b)LiOH或LiOHxH2O;及c)THF及視情況存在之水。若使用LiOH之單水合物,則不需要添加水。鈀催化劑之含量較佳為以所用(雜)芳族化合物之當量計約0.5mol%。反應混合物中膦或鏻鹽之量較佳為以所用(雜)芳族化合物之當量計約2mol%。Pd:膦之較佳比率為約1:4。
聚合反應較佳在惰性條件下在不存在氧氣下進行。氮氣且更佳氬氣用作惰性氣體。
WO2010/136352中所述之方法適用於大規模應用,容易達到且將起始物質以高產量、高純度及高選擇性轉化為各別聚合物。該方法可提供重量平均分子量為至少10,000、更佳至少20,000、最佳至少
30,000之聚合物。目前最佳之聚合物之重量平均分子量為30,000至80,000道爾頓。分子量根據高溫凝膠滲透層析(HT-GPC)使用聚苯乙烯標準物來測定。聚合物之多分散性較佳為1.01至10,更佳為1.1至3.0,最佳為1.5至2.5。
必要時,諸如以下之單官能性芳基鹵化物或芳基酸鹽:
及可用作該等反應中之鏈終止劑,由此
將形成末端芳基。
可藉由控制鈴木反應中單體饋料之次序及組成來控制所得共聚物中單體單元之定序。
本發明之聚合物亦可藉由史帝爾偶合(Stille coupling)合成(參見例如Babudri等人,J.Mater.Chem.,2004,14,11-34;J.K.Stille,Angew.Chemie Int.Ed.Engl.1986,25,508)。為製備對應於式III之聚合物,在惰性溶劑中,在0℃至200℃範圍內之溫度下,在含鈀之催化
劑存在下,使式X10-A-X10之二鹵化物與式X11'-COM1-X11'之化合物反應,或使式X10-COM1-X10之二鹵化物與式X11'-A-X11'之化合物反應,其中X11'為基團-SnR207R208R209且X10係如上文所定義,其中R207、R208及R209相同或不同且為H或C1-C6烷基,其中兩個基團視情況形成常見環且此等基團視情況為分支鏈或未分支的。本文中必須確保所用所有單體之整體具有有機錫官能基與鹵素官能基之高平衡比。另外,可證明宜在反應結束時藉由以單官能試劑封端來移除任何過量反應性基團。為進行該方法,較佳將錫化合物及鹵素化合物引入一或多種惰性有機溶劑中且在0至200℃、較佳30至170℃之溫度下攪拌1小時至200小時、較佳5小時至150小時。粗產物可藉由熟習此項技術者已知且適合於各別聚合物之方法(例如重複再沈澱或甚至藉由透析)來純化。
舉例而言,適用於所述方法之有機溶劑為醚類,例如乙醚、二甲氧基乙烷、二乙二醇二甲醚、四氫呋喃、二噁烷、二氧雜環戊烷、二異丙基醚及第三丁基甲基醚;烴類,例如己烷、異己烷、庚烷、環己烷、苯、甲苯及二甲苯;醇類,例如甲醇、乙醇、1-丙醇、2-丙醇、乙二醇、1-丁醇、2-丁醇及第三丁醇;酮類,例如丙酮、乙基甲基酮及異丁基甲基酮;醯胺類,例如二甲基甲醯胺(dimethylformamide,DMF)、二甲基乙醯胺及N-甲基吡咯啶酮;腈類,例如乙腈、丙腈及丁腈;及其混合物。
應類似地根據關於鈴木變化形式之描述來選擇鈀及膦組分。
或者,本發明之聚合物亦可藉由根岸反應(Negishi reaction)使用鋅試劑A-(ZnX12)2(其中X12為鹵素及鹵化物)及COM1-(X23)2(其中X23為鹵素或三氟甲磺酸酯基)或使用A-(X23)2及COM1-(ZnX23)2來合成。舉例而言,參考E.Negishi等人,Heterocycles 18(1982)117-22。
或者,本發明之聚合物亦可藉由檜山反應(Hiyama reaction)使用有機矽試劑A-(SiR210R211R212)2(其中R210、R211及R212相同或不同且為
鹵素或C1-C6烷基)及COM1-(X23)2(其中X23為鹵素或三氟甲磺酸酯基)或使用A-(X23)2及COM1-(SiR210R211R212)2來合成。舉例而言,參考T.Hiyama等人,Pure Appl.Chem.66(1994)1471-1478及T.Hiyama等人,Synlett(1991)845-853。
類型(A)n之均聚物可經由二鹵化物X10-A-X10之山本偶合(Yamamoto coupling)獲得,其中X10為鹵素,較佳為溴化物。或者,類型(A)n之均聚物可經由單元X10-A-X10之氧化聚合獲得,其中X10為氫,例如用FeCl3作為氧化劑。
式或
之化合物為聚合物製備
中之中間物,為新穎化合物且形成本發明之另一標的。A1'及A2'彼此
獨立地為式之基團,其中X2及X2'彼此獨立地
為鹵素、ZnX12、-SnR207R208R209,其中R207、R208及R209相同或不同且為H或C1-C6烷基,其中兩個基團視情況形成常見環且此等基團視情況為分支鏈或未分支的,且X12為鹵素原子;或-OS(O)2CF3、-OS(O)2芳
基、-OS(O)2CH3、-B(OH)2、-B(OY1)2、、-
BF4Na或-BF4K,其中Y1在每次出現時獨立地為C1-C10烷基且Y2在每次出現時獨立地為C2-C10伸烷基,諸如-CY3Y4-CY5Y6-或-CY7Y8-CY9Y10-CY11Y12-,其中Y3、Y4、Y5、Y6、Y7、Y8、Y9、Y10、Y11及Y12彼此獨立地為氫或C1-C10烷基,尤其-C(CH3)2C(CH3)2-、-C(CH3)2CH2C(CH3)2-或-CH2C(CH3)2CH2-;且Y13及Y14彼此獨立地為氫或C1-C10烷基。a、b、c、p、q、Ar1、Ar2、Ar3、Y、Y15、Y16、Y17、A3、A4、A5及A5'係如上文所定義。
式(IV)或(V)之化合物可用於製備包含下式之重複單元之聚合物:
或
,其中
A1'及A2'彼此獨立地為式之基團,其中
a、b、c、p、q、Ar1、Ar2、Ar3、Y、Y15、Y16、Y17、A3、A4、A5及A5'係如上文所定義。因此,本發明亦有關於式(IV)或(V)化合物之用途,其係用於製備聚合物。
鹵素為氟、氯、溴及碘。
C1-C100烷基較佳為C1-C38烷基,尤其為C1-C25烷基。參考R201之定義。
若可能,C1-C25烷基(C1-C18烷基)通常為直鏈或分支鏈的。實例為甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、第二丁基、異丁基、第三丁基、正戊基、2-戊基、3-戊基、2,2-二甲基丙基、1,1,3,3-四甲基戊基、正己基、1-甲基己基、1,1,3,3,5,5-六甲基己基、正庚基、異庚基、1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基、1-甲基庚基、3-甲基庚基、正辛基、1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基及2-乙基己基、正壬基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十五烷基、十六烷基、十七烷基、十八烷基、二十烷基、二十一烷基、二十二烷基、二十四烷基或二十五烷基。C1-C8烷基通常為甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、第二丁基、異丁基、第三丁基、正戊基、2-戊基、3-戊基、2,2-二甲基-丙基、正己基、正庚基、正辛基、1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基及2-乙基己基。C1-C4烷基通常為甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、第二丁基、異丁基、第三丁基。
C2-C25烯基(C2-C18烯基)為直鏈或分支鏈烯基,諸如乙烯基、烯丙基、甲基烯丙基、異丙烯基、2-丁烯基、3-丁烯基、異丁烯基、正戊-2,4-二烯基、3-甲基-丁-2-烯基、正辛-2-烯基、正十二-2-烯基、異十二烯基、正十二-2-烯基或正十八-4-烯基。
C2-25炔基(C2-18炔基)為直鏈或分支鏈的,且較佳為可未經取代或經取代之C2-8炔基,諸如乙炔基、1-丙炔-3-基、1-丁炔-4-基、1-戊炔-5-基、2-甲基-3-丁炔-2-基、1,4-戊二炔-3-基、1,3-戊二炔-5-基、1-己炔-6-基、順-3-甲基-2-戊烯-4-炔-1-基、反-3-甲基-2-戊烯-4-炔-1-基、1,3-己二炔-5-基、1-辛炔-8-基、1-壬炔-9-基、1-癸炔-10-基或1-二十四炔-24-基。
鹵化C1-C25烷基為分支鏈或未分支基團,其中相應烷基之所有或一部分氫原子已經鹵素原子置換。
與脂族烴基形成對比,脂族基可經任何非環狀取代基取代,但較佳未經取代。較佳取代基為如下文所進一步例示之C1-C8烷氧基或C1-C8烷基硫基。術語「脂族基」亦包含某些非相鄰碳原子經氧置換之烷基,如-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-O-CH3。-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-O-CH3基團可視為經-O-CH2-CH2-O-CH3取代之甲基。
具有至多25個碳原子之脂族烴基為如上文所例示之具有至多25個碳原子之直鏈或分支鏈烷基、烯基或炔基(亦拼寫為炔基(alkinyl))。
伸烷基為二價烷基,亦即具有兩個(而非一個)自由價之烷基,例如三亞甲基或四亞甲基。
伸烯基為二價烯基,亦即具有兩個(而非一個)自由價之烯基,例如-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-。
與脂族烴基形成對比,脂族基可經任何非環狀取代基取代,但較佳未經取代。較佳取代基為如下文所進一步例示之C1-C8烷氧基或
C1-C8烷基硫基。術語「脂族基」亦包含某些非相鄰碳原子經氧置換之烷基,如-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-O-CH3。-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-O-CH3基團可視為經-O-CH2-CH2-O-CH3取代之甲基。
環脂族烴基為可經一或多個脂族及/或環脂族烴基取代之環烷基或環烯基。
環脂族-脂族基為經環脂族基取代之脂族基,其中術語「環脂族」及「脂族」具有本文所給出之含義,且其中自由價自脂族部分伸出。因此,環脂族-脂族基為例如環烷基-烷基。
環烷基-烷基為經環烷基取代之烷基,例如環己基-甲基。
「環烯基」意謂含有一或多個雙鍵之不飽和脂環烴基,諸如環戊烯基、環戊二烯基、環己烯基及其類似基團,其可未經取代或經一或多個脂族及/或環脂族烴基取代及/或與苯基縮合。
式IVb之二價基團(其中R28及R27一起表示伸烷基或伸烯基,兩者可經由氧及/或硫鍵結至噻吩殘基且兩者可具有至多25個碳原子)為例如下式之基團:
或
其中A20表示可經一或多個烷基取代之具有至多25個碳原子之直鏈或分支鏈伸烷基,較佳伸乙基或伸丙基,且Y20表示氧或硫。舉例而言,式-Y20-A20-O-之二價基團表示-O-CH2-CH2-O-或-O-CH2-CH2-CH2-O-。
式IVa之基團(其中彼此鄰近之兩個基團R22至R26一起表示具有至多8個碳原子之伸烷基或伸烯基,藉此形成環)為例如下式之基團:
或,其中在式XXXII之基團中,
R23及R24一起表示1,4-伸丁基,且在式XXXIII之基團中,R23及R24一起表示1,4-伸丁-2-烯-基。
C1-C100烷氧基較佳為C1-C38烷氧基、尤其C1-C25烷氧基。C1-C25烷氧基(C1-C18烷氧基)為直鏈或分支鏈烷氧基,例如甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、異丙氧基、正丁氧基、第二丁氧基、第三丁氧基、戊氧基、異戊氧基或第三戊氧基、庚氧基、辛氧基、異辛氧基、壬氧基、癸氧基、十一烷基氧基、十二烷基氧基、十四烷基氧基、十五烷基氧基、十六烷基氧基、十七烷基氧基及十八烷基氧基。C1-C8烷氧基之實例為甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、異丙氧基、正丁氧基、第二丁氧基、異丁氧基、第三丁氧基、正戊氧基、2-戊氧基、3-戊氧基、2,2-二甲基丙氧基、正己氧基、正庚氧基、正辛氧基、1,1,3,3-四甲基丁氧基及2-乙基己氧基,較佳為C1-C4烷氧基,諸如通常為甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、異丙氧基、正丁氧基、第二丁氧基、異丁氧基、第三丁氧基。術語「烷基硫基」意謂與烷氧基相同之基團,其中例外為醚鍵聯之氧原子經硫原子置換。
C1-C18氟烷基、尤其C1-C4氟烷基為分支鏈或未分支基團,其中相應烷基之所有或一部分氫原子已經氟原子置換,諸如-CF3、-CF2CF3、-CF2CF2CF3、-CF(CF3)2、-(CF2)3CF3及-C(CF3)3。
術語「胺甲醯基」通常為C1-18胺甲醯基,較佳為C1-8胺甲醯基,其可未經取代或經取代,諸如胺甲醯基、甲基胺甲醯基、乙基胺甲醯基、正丁基胺甲醯基、第三丁基胺甲醯基、二甲基胺甲醯基氧基、N-嗎啉基胺甲醯基或N-吡咯啶基胺甲醯基。
環烷基通常為C4-C18環烷基,諸如環戊基、環己基、環庚基、環
辛基、環壬基、環癸基、環十一烷基、環十二烷基,較佳為環戊基、環己基、環庚基或環辛基,其可未經取代或經取代。環烷基、尤其環己基可與可經C1-C4烷基、鹵素及氰基取代一至三次之苯基縮合一或兩次。該等縮合環己基之實例為:
或
尤其或,其中R151、R152、R153、
R154、R155及R156彼此獨立地為C1-C8烷基、C1-C8烷氧基、鹵素及氰基,尤其氫。
C6-C24芳基(C6-C18芳基)通常為苯基、茚基、薁基、萘基、聯苯、as-二環戊二烯并苯基、s-二環戊二烯并苯基、苊基、茀基、菲基、茀蒽基、三萉基(triphenlenyl)、基、稠四苯、苉基、苝基、五聯苯、稠六苯基、芘基或蒽基,較佳為苯基、1-萘基、2-萘基、4-聯苯、9-菲基、2-茀基或9-茀基、3-聯苯或4-聯苯,其可未經取代或經取代。C6-C12芳基之實例為苯基、1-萘基、2-萘基、3-聯苯或4-聯苯、2-茀基或9-茀基或9-菲基,其可未經取代或經取代。
C7-C25芳烷基通常為苄基、2-苄基-2-丙基、β-苯基-乙基、α,α-二甲基苄基、ω-苯基-丁基、ω,ω-二甲基-ω-苯基-丁基、ω-苯基-十二烷基、ω-苯基-十八烷基、ω-苯基-二十烷基或ω-苯基-二十二烷基,較佳為C7-C18芳烷基,諸如苄基、2-苄基-2-丙基、β-苯基-乙基、α,α-二甲基苄基、ω-苯基-丁基、ω,ω-二甲基-ω-苯基-丁基、ω-苯基-十二烷基
或ω-苯基-十八烷基,且尤其較佳為C7-C12芳烷基,諸如苄基、2-苄基-2-丙基、β-苯基-乙基、α,α-二甲基苄基、ω-苯基-丁基或ω,ω-二甲基-ω-苯基-丁基,其中脂族烴基與芳族烴基皆可未經取代或經取代。較佳實例為苄基、2-苯基乙基、3-苯基丙基、萘基乙基、:萘基甲基及異丙苯基。
雜芳基通常為C2-C20雜芳基,亦即具有5至7個環原子之環或縮合環系統,其中氮、氧或硫為可能之雜原子,且通常為具有至少6個共軛π-電子之具有5至30個原子之不飽和雜環基,諸如噻吩基、苯并[b]噻吩基、二苯并[b,d]噻吩基、噻嗯基、呋喃基、糠基、2H-哌喃基、苯并呋喃基、異苯并呋喃基、二苯并呋喃基、苯氧基噻吩基、吡咯基、咪唑基、吡唑基、吡啶基、聯吡啶基、三嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、噠嗪基、吲哚嗪基、異吲哚基、吲哚基、吲唑基、嘌呤基、喹嗪基、喹啉基(chinolyl)、異喹啉基(isochinolyl)、酞嗪基、啶基、喹喏啉基(chinoxalinyl)、喹唑啉基、啉基、喋啶基、咔唑基、咔啉基、苯并三唑基、苯并噁唑基、啡啶基、吖啶基、嘧啶基、啡啉基、啡嗪基、異噻唑基、啡噻嗪基、異噁唑基、呋呫基或啡噁嗪基,其可未經取代或經取代。
上述基團之可能取代基為C1-C8烷基、羥基、巰基、C1-C8烷氧基、C1-C8烷基硫基、鹵素、鹵基-C1-C8烷基、氰基、胺甲醯基、硝基或矽烷基,尤其為C1-C8烷基、C1-C8烷氧基、C1-C8烷基硫基、鹵素、鹵基-C1-C8烷基或氰基。
雜有一或多個O之C1-C25烷基(C1-C18烷基)為例如(CH2CH2O)1-9-Rx(其中Rx為H或C1-C10烷基)、CH2-CH(ORy')-CH2-O-Ry(其中Ry為C1-C18烷基且Ry'包括與Ry相同之定義或為H)。
若取代基(諸如R3)在一基團中出現一次以上,則其在每次出現時可不同。
本發明亦關於聚合物或化合物在有機電子裝置中之用途。對於聚合物而言,上述較佳聚合物適用。對於化合物而言,下述較佳化合物適用。
有機電子裝置為例如有機電致發光裝置(organic electroluminescent device,OLED)、聚合電致發光裝置(polymeric electroluminescent device,PLED)、有機積體電路(organic integrated circuit,O--IC)、有機場效電晶體(organic field-effect transistor,O-FET)、有機薄膜電晶體(organic thin-film transistor,O-TFT)、有機發光電晶體(organic light-emitting transistor,O-LET)、有機太陽能電池(organic solar cell,O-SC)、有機光學偵測器、有機光感受器、有機場淬滅裝置(organic field-quench device,O-FQD)、發光電化學電池(light-emitting electrochemical cell,LEC)或有機雷射二極體(organic laser diode,O-laser)。
就本發明而言,本發明之聚合物或化合物較佳呈電子裝置中之層形式(或存在於層中)。本發明之聚合物或化合物可以電洞傳輸、電洞注入、發射極、電子傳輸、電子注入、電荷阻擋及/或電荷產生層之形式存在。本發明之聚合物或化合物可例如用作發射層中之發射化合物。
另外較佳可使用不呈純物質形式,而呈與任何所要類型之其他聚合、寡聚、樹枝狀或低分子量物質一起之混合物(摻合物)形式的聚合物。此等聚合物可例如改良電子特性。
含有本發明之聚合物之混合物產生包含本發明之聚合物(通常為5重量%至99.9999重量%,尤其為20重量%至85重量%)及至少另一材料之半導體層。該另一材料可為(但不限於)本發明相同聚合物之具有不同分子量之部分、本發明之另一聚合物、半導體聚合物、有機小分子、碳奈米管、富勒烯衍生物、無機粒子(量子點、量子桿、量子三
角架、TiO2、ZnO等)、導電性粒子(Au、Ag等)、絕緣體材料(如關於閘極介電質所述之絕緣體材料(PET、PS等))。
本發明之聚合物可與本發明之式VIII或IX之化合物或例如WO2009/047104、WO2010108873(PCT/EP2010/053655)、WO09/047104、US6,690,029、WO2007082584及WO2008107089中所述之小分子摻合:WO2007082584:
WO2008107089:
其中Y1'及Y2'中之一者表示-CH=或=CH-且另一者表示-X*-,Y3'及Y4'中之一者表示-CH=或=CH-且另一者表示-X*-,X*為-O-、-S-、-Se-或-NR"'-,R*為具有1至20個C原子之環狀、直鏈或分支鏈烷基或烷氧基或具有2至30個C原子之芳基,所有基團均視情況氟化或全氟化,R'為H、F、Cl、Br、I、CN、具有1至20個C原子且視情況氟化或全氟化之直鏈或分支鏈烷基或烷氧基、視情況氟化或全氟化之具有6至30個C原子之芳基、或CO2R"(其中R"為H)、視情況氟化之具有1至20個C原子之烷基或視情況氟化之具有2至30個C原子之芳基,R"'為H或具有1至10個C原子之環狀、直鏈或分支鏈烷基,y為0或1,x為0或1。
因此,本發明亦關於包含本發明之聚合物、尤其式
之共聚物的有機半導體材料、層或組件,其
中A為式(Ia)、(Ib)、(IIa)或(IIb)之重複單元且COM1係選自式(XVb)、(XVb')、(XVe)、(XVh)、(XVh')、(XVu')、(XVu")及(XVu''')之重複單元,極尤其式(Ia1)至(Ia13)、(Ib1)及(Ib2)之共聚物。
本發明之聚合物可用作半導體裝置中之半導體層。因此,本發明亦係關於包含本發明之聚合物或有機半導體材料、層或組件之半導體裝置。半導體裝置尤其為有機光伏打(organic photovoltaic,PV)裝置(太陽能電池)、光電二極體或有機場效電晶體。
本發明之聚合物可單獨或組合用作半導體裝置之有機半導體層。該層可藉由諸如氣相沈積(對於具有相對低分子量之材料)及印刷技術之任何有用方法提供。本發明之化合物可充分溶於有機溶劑且可
進行溶液沈積且圖案化(例如藉由旋塗、浸塗、墨噴印刷、凹版印刷、柔版印刷、平版印刷、網版印刷、微觸(波紋)印刷、滴落或區域澆注或其他已知技術)。
本發明之聚合物可用於包含複數種OTFT之積體電路中以及各種電子物品中。該等物品包括例如射頻識別(radio-frequency identification,RFID)標籤、用於可撓性顯示器之底板(用於例如個人電腦、行動電話或手持型裝置)、智慧卡、記憶裝置、感應器(例如光、影像、生物、化學、機械或溫度感應器,尤其光電二極體)或安全裝置及其類似物。
本發明之另一態樣為包含一或多種本發明聚合物之有機半導體材料、層或組件。另一態樣為將本發明之聚合物或材料用於有機光伏打(PV)裝置(太陽能電池)、光電二極體或有機場效電晶體(OFET)中。另一態樣為包含本發明之聚合物或材料之有機光伏打(PV)裝置(太陽能電池)、光電二極體或有機場效電晶體(OFET)。
本發明之聚合物通常以較佳不足30微米厚之薄有機層或膜形式用作有機半導體。本發明之半導體層通常為至多1微米(=1μm)厚,但需要時可能會更厚。對於各種電子裝置應用,厚度亦可能小於約1微米厚。舉例而言,對於用於OFET,層厚通常可為100nm或100nm以下。層之確切厚度將視例如使用層之電子裝置的需求而定。
舉例而言,OFET中汲極與源極之間的活性半導體通道可包含本發明之層。
本發明之OFET裝置較佳包含:-源電極,-汲電極,-閘電極,-半導體層,
-一或多個閘極絕緣體層,及-視情況存在之基板,其中該半導體層包含一或多種本發明之聚
合物、尤其式之共聚物,其中A為式(Ia)、
(Ib)、(IIa)或(IIb)之重複單元且COM1係選自式(XVb)、(XVb')、(XVe)、(XVh)、(XVh')、(XVu')、(XVu")及(XVu''')之重複單元,極尤其式(Ia1)至(Ia13)、(Ib1)及(Ib2)之共聚物。
OFET裝置中之閘電極、源電極及汲電極以及絕緣及半導體層可以任何次序排列,其限制條件為源電極及汲電極與閘電極由絕緣層隔開,閘電極與半導體層皆接觸絕緣層且源電極與汲電極皆接觸半導體層。
OFET較佳包含具有第一側及第二側之絕緣體、位於該絕緣體之第一側上之閘電極、位於該絕緣體之第二側上包含本發明之聚合物之層及位於該聚合物層上之汲電極及源電極。
OFET裝置可為頂閘極裝置或底閘極裝置。
OFET裝置之適合結構及製造方法為熟習此項技術者所知且描述於文獻中,例如WO03/052841中。
閘極絕緣體層可包含例如含氟聚合物,如市售Cytop 809M®或Cytop 107M®(來自Asahi Glass)。閘極絕緣體層較佳例如藉由旋塗、刀片刮抹、環棒式塗佈、噴霧或浸漬塗層或其他已知方法由包含絕緣體材料及一或多種具有一或多個氟原子之溶劑(含氟溶劑),較佳全氟溶劑之調配物沈積。適合全氟溶劑為例如FC75®(可獲自Acros,目錄號12380)。其他適合含氟聚合物及含氟溶劑在先前技術中已知,如全氟聚合物鐵氟龍(Teflon)AF® 1600或2400(來自DuPont)或Fluoropel®(來自Cytonix)或全氟溶劑FC 43®(Acros,編號12377)。
包含本發明之聚合物之半導體層可另外包含至少另一材料。該
另一材料可為(但不限於)本發明之另一聚合物、半導體聚合物、聚合黏合劑、不同於本發明之聚合物之有機小分子、碳奈米管、富勒烯衍生物、無機粒子(量子點、量子桿、量子三角架、TiO2、ZnO等)、導電性粒子(Au、Ag等)及絕緣體材料(如關於閘極介電質所述之絕緣體材料(PET、PS等))。如上所述,半導體層亦可由一或多種本發明之聚合物及聚合黏合劑之混合物構成。本發明之聚合物與聚合黏合劑之比率可自5至95%變化。聚合黏合劑較佳為半晶質聚合物,諸如聚苯乙烯(polystyrene,PS)、高密度聚乙烯(high-density polyethylene,HDPE)、聚丙烯(polypropylene,PP)及聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethylmethacrylate,PMMA)。關於此技術,可避免電學效能之降級(參見WO2008/001123A1)。
本發明之聚合物宜用於有機光伏打(PV)裝置(太陽能電池)中。因此,本發明提供包含本發明之聚合物之PV裝置。此構造之裝置亦具有整流特性,因此亦可稱為光電二極體。光反應裝置用作由光發電之太陽能電池及量測或偵測光之光偵測器。
PV裝置以此次序包含:(a)陰極(電極),(b)視情況存在之過渡層,諸如鹼金屬鹵化物、尤其氟化鋰,(c)光敏層,(d)視情況存在之平滑層,(e)陽極(電極),(f)基板。
光敏層包含本發明之聚合物、尤其式之
共聚物,其中A為式(Ia)、(Ib)、(IIa)或(IIb)之重複單元且COM1係選自式(XVb)、(XVb')、(XVe)、(XVh)、(XVh')、(XVu')、(XVu")及
(XVu''')之重複單元,極尤其式(Ia1)至(Ia13)、(Ib1)及(Ib2)之共聚物。光敏層較佳由本發明之共軛聚合物作為電子供體及受體材料(如富勒烯,尤其官能化富勒烯PCBM)作為電子受體而製成。如上所述,光敏層亦可含有聚合黏合劑。式I之聚合物與聚合黏合劑之比率可自5至95%變化。聚合黏合劑較佳為半晶質聚合物,諸如聚苯乙烯(PS)、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、聚丙烯(PP)及聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)。
對於異質接面太陽能電池,作用層較佳包含重量比為1:1至1:3之本發明之聚合物及富勒烯(諸如[60]PCBM(=6,6-苯基-C61-丁酸甲酯)或[70]PCBM)之混合物。適用於本發明之富勒烯可具有各種大小(每個分子之碳原子數)。如本文所用之術語富勒烯包括純碳之各種籠樣分子,包括巴克敏斯特富勒烯(Buckminsterfullerene,C60)及相關「球形」富勒烯以及碳奈米管。富勒烯可選自此項技術中已知在例如C20至C1000範圍內之富勒烯。富勒烯較佳係選自C60至C96之範圍。富勒烯最佳為C60或C70,諸如[60]PCBM或[70]PCBM。亦允許利用經化學改質之富勒烯,其限制條件為經改質之富勒烯保持受體型及電子遷移率特徵。受體材料亦可為選自由任何半導體聚合物(諸如本發明之聚合物,其限制條件為該等聚合物保持受體型及電子遷移率特徵)、有機小分子、碳奈米管、無機粒子(量子點、量子桿、量子三腳架、TiO2、ZnO等)組成之群的材料。
光敏層由本發明之聚合物作為電子供體及富勒烯(尤其官能化富勒烯PCBM)作為電子受體而製成。使此兩種組分與溶劑混合且以溶液形式藉由例如旋塗方法、滴落澆注方法、朗繆爾-布洛傑特(Langmuir-Blodgett,「LB」)方法、墨噴印刷方法及滴流方法塗覆於平滑層上。亦可使用刮板或印刷方法塗佈具有該光敏層之較大表面。替代典型之甲苯,較佳將諸如氯苯之分散劑用作溶劑。在此等方法中,鑒於易於操作及成本,真空沈積方法、旋塗方法、墨噴印刷方法及澆注方法尤
其較佳。
在藉由使用旋塗方法、澆注方法及墨噴印刷方法形成層之情況下,可使用藉由將組合物以0.01至90重量%之濃度溶解或分散於諸如苯、甲苯、二甲苯、四氫呋喃、甲基四氫呋喃、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、丙酮、乙腈、苯甲醚、二氯甲烷、二甲亞碸、氯苯、1,2-二氯苯及其混合物之適當有機溶劑中製備之溶液及/或分散液進行塗佈。
光伏打(PV)裝置亦可由經加工為彼此緊接以吸收更多太陽光譜之多接面太陽能電池組成。該等結構例如描述於App.Phys.Let.90,143512(2007),Adv.Funct.Mater.16,1897-1903(2006)及WO2004/112161中。
所謂『串聯太陽能電池』以此次序包含:(a)陰極(電極),(b)視情況存在之過渡層,諸如鹼金屬鹵化物、尤其氟化鋰,(c)光敏層,(d)視情況存在之平滑層,(e)中間電極(諸如Au、Al、ZnO、TiO2等)(f)視情況存在之額外電極以匹配能階,(g)視情況存在之過渡層,諸如鹼金屬鹵化物、尤其氟化鋰,(h)光敏層,(i)視情況存在之平滑層,(j)陽極(電極),(k)基板。
PV裝置亦可如例如US20070079867及US 20060013549中所述在纖維上加工。
如例如US2003/0021913中所述,包含本發明之聚合物之材料或膜由於其極佳自組織特性亦可單獨或與其他材料一起用於或用作LCD
或OLED裝置中之對準層。
本發明之另一目標為提供化合物,其在用於有機場效電晶體、有機光伏打(太陽能電池)及光電二極體時顯示高效率能量轉換、極佳場效遷移率、良好開/關電流比及/或極佳穩定性。
在另一實施例中,本發明係關於式
或
之化合物,其中Y、Y15、Y16及
Y17彼此獨立地為式或之基團,其中R1
及R2係如技術方案1所定義,p為0或1,q為0或1;
A1及A2彼此獨立地為式之基團,
a為0、1、2或3,b為0、1、2或3;c為0、1、2或3;A3、A4、A5及A5'彼此獨立地為式-[Ar4]k'-[Ar5]l-[Ar6]r-[Ar7]z-之基團;k'為0、1、2或3;l為0、1、2或3;r為0、1、2或3;z為0、1、2或3;R10為氫、鹵素、氰基、C1-C25烷基、經E"取代一或多次及/或雜
有D"一或多次之C1-C25烷基、、COO-C1-C18烷基、C4-C18環
烷基、經G"取代之C4-C18環烷基、C2-C18烯基、C2-C18炔基、C1-C18硫烷氧基、C1-C18烷氧基、經E"取代及/或雜有D"之C1-C18烷氧基、C7-
C25芳烷基、經G"取代之C7-C25芳烷基或式IVa至IVm之基團,
或
其中R22至R26及R29至R58彼此獨立地表示H、鹵素、氰基、C1-C25烷基、經E"取代及/或雜有D"之C1-C25烷基、C6-C24芳基、經G"取代之C6-C24芳基、C2-C20雜芳基、經G"取代之C2-C20雜芳基、C4-C18環烷基、經G"取代之C4-C18環烷基、C2-C18烯基、C2-C18炔基、C1-C18烷氧基、經E"取代及/或雜有D"之C1-C18烷氧基、C7-C25芳烷基或經G"取代
之C7-C25芳烷基,R27及R28彼此獨立地為氫、C1-C25烷基、鹵素、氰基或C7-C25芳烷基,或R27及R28一起表示伸烷基或伸烯基,兩者可經由氧及/或硫鍵結至噻吩殘基且兩者可具有至多25個碳原子,R59為氫、C6-C18芳基;經C1-C18烷基或C1-C18烷氧基取代之C6-C18芳基;或可視情況雜有一或多個氧或硫原子之C1-C25烷基;或C7-C25芳基烷基,D"為-CO-、-COO-、-S-、-O-或-NR112"-,E"為C1-C8硫烷氧基、C1-C8烷氧基、CN、-NR112"R113"、-CONR112"R113"或鹵素,G"為E"或C1-C18烷基,且R112"及R113"彼此獨立地為H;C6-C18芳基;經C1-C18烷基或C1-C18烷氧基取代之C6-C18芳基;C1-C18烷基;或雜有-O-之C1-C18烷基;R214及R215彼此獨立地為氫、C1-C18烷基、C6-C24芳基、C2-C20雜芳基、-CN或COOR216;R216為C1-C25烷基、C1-C25鹵烷基、C7-C25芳基烷基、C6-C24芳基或C2-C20雜芳基;Ar1、Ar2、Ar3、Ar4、Ar5、Ar6及Ar7彼此獨立地為下式之基團:(XIa)、(XIb)、(XIc)、(XId)、(XIe)、(XIf)、(XIg)、(XIh)、(XIi)、(XIj)、(XIk)、(XIl)、(XIm)、(XIn)、(XIo)、(XIpa)、(XIpb)、(XIq)、(XIr)、(XIs)、(XIt)、(XIu)、(XIv)、(XIw)、(XIx)、(XIy)、(XIz)、(XIIa)、(XIIb)、(XIIc)、(XIId)、(XIIe)、(XIIf)、(XIIg)、(XIIh)、(XIIi)、(XIIj)、(XIIk);(XIII),諸如(XIIIa)、(XIIIb)、(XIIIc)、(XIIId)、(XIIIe)、(XIIIf)、(XIIIg)、(XIIIh)、(XIIIi)、(XIIIj)、(XIIIk)及(XIIIl);或(XIV),諸如(XIVa);(XVa)、(XVb)、(XVc)、(XVd)、(XVe)、(XVf)、(XVg)、(XVh)、(XVi)、(XVj)、
(XVk)、(XVl)、(XVm)、(XVn)、(XVo)、(XVp)、(XVq)、(XVr);(XVs),諸如(XVsa)、(XVsb)及(XVsc);(XVt),諸如(XVta)、(XVtb)及(XVuc);及(XVu)。
由式表示之結構可以兩種方式鍵結至式A3、
A4、A5及A5'之基團:及(點線
表示鍵結至式A3、A4、A5及A5'之基團)。式(I)應涵蓋兩種可能性。同樣適用於由式(II)表示之結構。
化合物較佳為式A1-Y-A3-Y15-A2(VIIIa)、A1-Y-A3-Y15-A4-Y16-A2(VIIIb)或A1-Y-A3-Y15-A4-Y16-A5-Y17-A2(VIIIc)、A1-A3-Y-A4-A2(IXa)、A1-A3-Y-A4-Y15-A5-A2(IXb)或A1-A3-Y-A4-Y15-A5-Y17-A5'-A2(IXc)之化合物,其中Y、Y15、Y16及Y17彼此獨立地為式
或之基團,其中R1及R2彼此獨立地為
式或之基團,其中
R400、R401、R402、R403、R404及R405彼此獨立地為H、CN、F、CF3、C1-C18烷氧基;C1-C18烷基;或雜有-O-之C1-C18烷基,或
R1及R2一起形成基團
A1及A2係如上文所定義,A3、A4、A5及A5'彼此獨立地為下式之基團:
或
;其中
R3、R3'、R4及R4'彼此獨立地為氫或C1-C25烷基;R8及R8'彼此獨立地為氫或C1-C25烷基;R114為C1-C38烷基;R201為C1-C38烷基;且R202及R203彼此獨立地為氫或C1-C25烷基。
式(I)或(II)之基團較佳為 或、尤其(Ia)或
(Ib)式之基團。
在一較佳實施例中,A3、A4、A5及A5'彼此獨立地為式(XVb)、(XVb')、(XVh)、(XVh')、(XVi)、(XVi')、(XVu')、(XVu")及(XVu''')之基團。在一尤其較佳實施例中,A3、A4、A5及A5'係選自式(XVb)、(XVc)、(XVu')、(XVu'')及(XVu''')之基團。
在本發明之一較佳實施例中,A1及A2彼此獨立地為式H、
或之基團。
在一較佳實施例中,本發明係有關於式A1-A3-Y-A4-A2(IXa)之化
合物,其中Y為式或之基團。在該
實施例中,A1-A3-及A4-A2-為下式之基團:i)或
(R3及R4可不同,但較佳相同且為H或C1-C25烷
基;R201為C1-C38烷基);
ii)或(R3及R4
可不同,但較佳相同且為H或C1-C25烷基;R201為C1-C38烷基);
iii)(R3及R3'可不同,但較佳相同且為H或
C1-C25烷基;R4及R4'可不同,但較佳相同且為H或C1-C25烷基)。
尤其較佳之式IX化合物之實例如下所示:
及
,其中R3、R3'、R4及R4'彼
此獨立地為氫或C1-C25烷基;且R201為C1-C38烷基。R3、R3'、R4及R4'較佳為氫。
化合物D-1至D-11最佳。
A1-A3-Y-A3-A1(IXa)可藉由使式A1-A3-X16化合物與式X16'-Y-X16'化合物反應來製備。X16'為-B(OH)2、-B(OH)3-、-BF3、-B(OY1)2、
或且X16為鹵素,諸如Br或I。
鈴木反應通常在約0℃至180℃下在諸如甲苯、二甲苯之芳族烴溶劑中進行。亦可單獨或呈與芳族烴之混合物形式使用其他溶劑,諸如二甲基甲醯胺、二噁烷、二甲氧基乙烷及四氫呋喃。使用鹼水溶液,較佳為碳酸鈉或碳酸氫鈉、磷酸鉀、碳酸鉀或碳酸氫鉀作為酸、酸鹽之活化劑且作為HBr清除劑。縮合反應可耗時0.2至100小時。諸如氫氧化四烷基銨之有機鹼及諸如TBAB之相轉移催化劑可促進硼之活性(參見例如Leadbeater & Marco;Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.Eng.42(2003)1407及其中所引用之參考文獻)。反應條件之其他變化形式由T.I.Wallow及B.M.Novak於J.Org.Chem.59(1994)5034-5037中;及M.Remmers,M.Schulze及G.Wegner於Macromol.Rapid Commun.17(1996)239-252中給出。
在上述鈴木偶合反應中,鹵化反應搭配物上之鹵素X16可經X16'部分置換且同時另一反應搭配物之X16'部分經X16置換。
相應二酮基吡咯并吡咯中間物之合成例如描述於R.A.J.Janssen
等人,Macromol.Chem.Phys.2011,212,515-520;US2010/0326225;PCT/EP2012/061777;及PCT/EP2012/066941中。
因此,本發明亦係關於一種包含式VIII或IX之化合物之有機半導體材料、層或組件及一種包含式VIII或IX之化合物及/或有機半導體材料、層或組件之半導體裝置。對於式VIII或IX之化合物,上述較佳化合物適用。
半導體較佳為有機光伏打(PV)裝置(太陽能電池)、光電二極體或有機場效電晶體。上文已更詳細描述OFET裝置之結構及組件。
因此,本發明提供包含式VIII或IX之化合物之有機光伏打(PV)裝置(太陽能電池)。
有機光伏打裝置(太陽能電池)之結構例如描述於C.Deibel等人,Rep.Prog.Phys.73(2010)096401及Christoph Brabec,Energy Environ.Sci 2.(2009)347-303中。
PV裝置以此次序包含:(a)陰極(電極),(b)視情況存在之過渡層,諸如鹼金屬鹵化物、尤其氟化鋰,(c)光敏層,(d)視情況存在之平滑層,(e)陽極(電極),(f)基板。
光敏層包含式VIII或IX之化合物、尤其式(IXa)之化合物、極尤其化合物D1至D-11。光敏層較佳由式VIII或IX之化合物作為電子供體及受體材料(如富勒烯,尤其官能化富勒烯PCBM)作為電子受體而製成。如上所述,光敏層亦可含有聚合黏合劑。式VIII或IX之小分子與聚合黏合劑之比率可自5至95%變化。聚合黏合劑較佳為半晶質聚合物,諸如聚苯乙烯(PS)、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、聚丙烯(PP)及聚甲
基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)。
適用於本發明之富勒烯可具有各種大小(每個分子之碳原子數)。如本文所用之術語富勒烯包括純碳之各種籠樣分子,包括巴克敏斯特富勒烯(C60)及相關「球形」富勒烯以及碳奈米管。富勒烯可選自此項技術中已知在例如C20至C1000範圍內之富勒烯。富勒烯較佳係選自C60至C96之範圍。富勒烯最佳為C60或C70,諸如[60]PCBM或[70]PCBM。亦允許利用經化學改質之富勒烯,其限制條件為經改質之富勒烯保持受體型及電子遷移率特徵。受體材料亦可為選自由式VIII或IX之另一化合物或任何半導體聚合物(諸如式I之聚合物,其限制條件為該等聚合物保持受體型及電子遷移率特徵)、有機小分子、碳奈米管、無機粒子(量子點、量子桿、量子三腳架、TiO2、ZnO等)組成之群的材料。
光敏層由式VIII或IX之化合物作為電子供體及富勒烯(尤其官能化富勒烯PCBM)作為電子受體而製成。使此兩種組分與溶劑混合且以溶液形式藉由例如旋塗方法、滴落澆注方法、朗繆爾-布洛傑特(「LB」)方法、墨噴印刷方法及滴流方法塗覆於平滑層上。亦可使用刮板或印刷方法塗佈具有該光敏層之較大表面。替代典型之甲苯,較佳將諸如氯苯之分散劑用作溶劑。在此等方法中,鑒於易於操作及成本,真空沈積方法、旋塗方法、墨噴印刷方法及澆注方法尤其較佳。
在藉由使用旋塗方法、澆注方法及墨噴印刷方法形成層之情況下,可使用藉由將組合物以0.01至90重量%之濃度溶解或分散於諸如苯、甲苯、二甲苯、四氫呋喃、甲基四氫呋喃、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、丙酮、乙腈、苯甲醚、二氯甲烷、二甲亞碸、氯苯、1,2-二氯苯及其混合物之適當有機溶劑中製備之溶液及/或分散液進行塗佈。
光伏打(PV)裝置亦可由經加工為彼此緊接以吸收更多太陽光譜之多接面太陽能電池組成。該等結構例如描述於App.Phys.Let.90,
143512(2007),Adv.Funct.Mater.16,1897-1903(2006)及WO2004/112161中。
所謂『串聯太陽能電池』以此次序包含:(a)陰極(電極),(b)視情況存在之過渡層,諸如鹼金屬鹵化物、尤其氟化鋰,(c)光敏層,(d)視情況存在之平滑層,(e)中間電極(諸如Au、Al、ZnO、TiO2等)(f)視情況存在之額外電極以匹配能階,(g)視情況存在之過渡層,諸如鹼金屬鹵化物、尤其氟化鋰,(h)光敏層,(i)視情況存在之平滑層,(j)陽極(電極),(k)基板。
PV裝置亦可如例如US20070079867及US 20060013549中所述在纖維上加工。
如例如US2003/0021913中所述,包含式VIII或IX之化合物之材料或膜由於其極佳自組織特性亦可單獨或與其他材料一起用於或用作LCD或OLED裝置中之對準層。
本發明之OFET裝置較佳包含:-源電極,-汲電極,-閘電極,-半導體層,-一或多個閘極絕緣體層,及-視情況存在之基板,其中該半導體層包含式VIII或IX之化合
物、尤其式(IXa)之化合物、極尤其化合物D1至D-11。
OFET裝置中之閘電極、源電極及汲電極及絕緣及半導體層可以任何次序排列,其限制條件為源電極及汲電極與閘電極由絕緣層隔開,閘電極與半導體層皆接觸絕緣層且源電極與汲電極皆接觸半導體層。
OFET較佳包含具有第一側及第二側之絕緣體、位於該絕緣體之第一側上之閘電極、位於該絕緣體之第二側上包含式VIII或IX之化合物之層及位於該化合物層上之汲電極及源電極。
以下實例僅出於說明之目的而納入且不限制申請專利範圍之範疇。除非另有說明,否則所有份數及百分比皆以重量計。
重量平均分子量(Mw)及多分散性(Mw/Mn=PD)藉由高溫凝膠滲透層析(HT-GPC)測定[設備:來自Agilent Technologies(Santa Clara,CA,USA)之GPC PL 220,產生折射率(RI)之反應,層析條件:管柱:來自Agilent Technologies(Santa Clara,CA,USA)之3個「PLgel Mixed B」管柱;平均粒度為10μm(尺寸為內徑300×7.5mm),移動相:藉由丁基羥基甲苯(BHT,1g/l)穩定化之1,2,4-三氯苯(對於GPC,AppliChem,Darmstadt,Germany),層析溫度:150℃;移動相流速:1ml/min;溶質濃度:約1mg/ml;注射體積:200μl;偵測:RI,分子量校準之程序:藉由使用來自Agilent Technologies(Santa Clara,CA,USA)之EasiVial校準套組進行相對校準,該套組含有12種跨越6'035'000 Da至162 Da之分子量範圍的窄聚苯乙烯校準標準物,亦即PS 6'035'000、PS 3'053'000、PS 915'000、PS 483'000、PS 184'900、PS 60'450、PS 19'720、PS 8'450、PS 3'370、PS 1'260、PS 580、PS 162 Da。使用多項校準計算分子量。
以下實例中給出之所有聚合物結構皆為經由所述聚合程序獲得之聚合物產物之理想化表示。若使兩種以上組分彼此共聚合,則聚合
物中之次序可視聚合條件而交替或隨機。
a)將含6.88g(164mmol)單水合氫氧化鋰之50ml水添加至含20g(54.6mmol)2,7-二溴菲-9,10-二酮及43.6g(112mmol)氯化苄基(三苯基)鏻之200ml二氯甲烷中。在25℃下攪拌反應混合物4小時。分離有機相且用硫酸鎂乾燥。餾出溶劑且在乙醇中煎煮產物(產量:20g(69%))。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3,δ):8.53(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),8.42-8.46(m,2H),7.83(dd,J=8.9Hz,J=2.1Hz,1H),7.53(dd,J=2.1Hz,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.25-7.45(m,11H),5.84(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),4.95(d,J=5.8Hz,1H)。
b)將2.50g(11.0mmol)2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰基苯醌(2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone,DDQ)添加至含5.6g(10.0mmol)5,10-二溴-2,3-二苯基-2,3-二氫菲并[9,10-b]呋喃之25ml氯苯中。在氮氣下回流反應
混合物2小時,添加二氯甲烷且用碳酸氫鈉溶液洗滌反應混合物。用硫酸鎂乾燥有機相。餾出溶劑且在二丁醚中煎煮產物(產量:4.80g(91%))。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3,δ):8.61(d,J=2Hz,1H),8.45-8.49(m,2H),7.73(dd,J=8.9Hz,J=2.1Hz,1H),7.54-7.64(m,8H),7.27-7.37(m,4H)。
c)在裝備有冷凝器及氮氣起泡器之3頸燒瓶中,引入5,10-二溴-苯并-菲并[9,10b]-呋喃(1.50g,2.84mmol)。用氮氣沖洗燒瓶且添加四氫呋喃(THF)(80mL)。接著將黃色溶液冷卻至-78℃且逐滴添加正丁基鋰溶液(2.30mL,6.25mmol,2.7M溶液)。在-78℃下攪拌所得黃色混合物1小時20分。然後,在-78℃下添加2-異丙氧基-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼(2.90g,15.6mmol)。在-78℃下20分鐘之後,使混合物升溫至室溫且在室溫下攪拌2小時。接著,在0℃下添加水且用第三丁基-甲基醚(100mL)及二氯甲烷(兩次,100mL)萃取產物。經合併之有機溶離份經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾且經旋轉式蒸發器濃縮。向粗油/泡沫體中添加100mL乙醇。加熱混合物且冷卻至0℃。過濾所得粉末,乾燥且自熱乙腈再結晶。經布赫納漏斗(Büchner funnel)過濾白色晶體且減壓乾燥,得到標題產物(產量=1.265g(72%))。1H-NMR
(400.1MHz,CDCl3):δ=8.98(1H,d,J=0.8Hz),8.72(2H,dd,J=11.2,8.2Hz),8.06(1H,dd,J=8.2,1.2Hz),8.05(1H,s),7.86(1H,dd,J=8.2,1.2Hz),7.75-7.73(2H,m),7.65-7.55(5H,m),7.37-7.25(3H,m),1.47(12H,s),1.29(12H,s)。
d)3,6-雙(5-溴噻吩-2-基)-2,5-雙(2-己基癸基)吡咯并[3,4-c]吡咯-1,4(2H,5H)-二酮之合成例如描述於WO2008/000664及Y.Geerts;Tetrahedron 66(2010)1837-1845中。在裝備有冷凝器、機械攪拌器、氮氣起泡器及溫度計之250mL燒瓶中,引入步驟c)之雙酸酯(520mg,0.84mmol)及3,6-雙(5-溴噻吩-2-基)-2,5-雙(2-己基癸基)吡咯并[3,4-c]吡咯-1,4(2H,5H)-二酮(726mg,0.80mmol)。用氮氣沖洗燒瓶且藉由注射器添加無水THF(40mL)。加熱所得紅色溶液至60℃且添加乙酸鈀(II)(5.4mg,0.024mmol)及2-(二第三丁基膦基)-1-苯基吡咯(27.6mg,0.096mmol)於10mL THF中之溶液。在回流溫度下攪拌所得混合物5分鐘。然後,在60℃下以單份添加微細壓碎之單水合氫氧化鋰(211mg,5.04mmol)且在回流溫度下攪拌混合物4小時。將反應混合物傾倒於乙醇(300mL)中且經布赫納漏斗過濾沈澱。接著用200mL乙醇及200mL去離子水洗滌固體。接著將過濾之固體置於含有200
mL氯仿及200mL 3%氰化鈉水溶液之燒瓶中且在60℃下在用力攪拌下加熱隔夜。用100mL水洗滌有機相,且接著蒸發三分之二氯仿。添加乙醇以沈澱產物,經布赫納漏斗過濾,用300mL乙醇洗滌且在烘箱中乾燥。接著再次重複用氰化鈉處理。接著藉由索司勒萃取(soxhlet extraction),首先用四氫呋喃(200mL,5h)純化乾燥之固體。棄去可溶於四氫呋喃中之溶離份且接著使剩餘固體經受用氯仿(200mL,5h)進行之索司勒萃取。濃縮綠色溶液,將產物沈澱於乙醇中,過濾且減壓乾燥,得到聚合物P-1(810mg,產率91%)。高溫GPC:Mw=89800,Mn=31100,PD=2.88。
(6,6'-二碘-N,N'-(2-己基癸基)-異靛藍11可例如使用與Klapars,A.;Buchwald,S.L.;J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2002,124,14844-14845中所述類似之方法由((6,6'-二溴-N,N'-(2-己基癸基)-異靛藍)製備。
在裝備有冷凝器、機械攪拌器、氮氣起泡器及溫度計之250mL燒瓶中引入雙酸酯10(450mg,0.72mmol)及(6,6'-二碘-N,N'-(2-己基癸基)-異靛藍(663mg,0.69mmol)。用氮氣沖洗燒瓶且藉由注射器添加無水THF(40mL)。加熱所得紅色溶液至60℃且添加乙酸鈀(II)(4.6mg,0.021mmol)及2-(二第三丁基膦基)-1-苯基吡咯(23.7mg,0.083
mmol)於10mL THF中之溶液。在回流溫度下攪拌所得混合物5分鐘。然後,在60℃下以單份添加微細壓碎之單水合氫氧化鋰(182mg,4.34mmol)且在回流溫度下攪拌混合物4小時。將反應混合物傾倒於甲醇(400mL)與水(100mL)之混合物中且經布赫納漏斗過濾沈澱。接著用200mL甲醇及200mL去離子水洗滌固體。接著將過濾之固體置於含有150mL氯仿及150mL 3%氰化鈉水溶液之燒瓶中且在65℃下在用力攪拌下加熱4小時。用3×100mL水洗滌有機相,且接著蒸發三分之二氯仿。添加甲醇以沈澱產物,經布赫納漏斗過濾,用甲醇及水洗滌且減壓乾燥。接著再次重複用氰化鈉處理。接著藉由索司勒萃取,首先用甲醇(200mL,2h)及丙酮(200mL,2h)純化乾燥之固體。棄去可溶於甲醇及丙酮中之溶離份且接著使剩餘固體經受用四氫呋喃(200mL,6h)進行之索司勒萃取。濃縮所獲得之溶液,將產物沈澱於乙醇中,過濾且減壓乾燥,得到聚合物P-2(685mg,產率92%)。高溫GPC:Mw=68000,Mn=26100,PD=2.60。
a)在氬氣下使20.8g(0.057mol)6及8.62g(0.10mol)7懸浮於二氯苯中。在0℃下將110ml(0.11mol)1M TiCl4之二氯甲烷溶液添加至懸浮液中。在140℃下用力攪拌反應混合物隔夜。接著使出現之沈澱劑與有機層分離且用氯苯及水洗滌。為進一步純化,粗產物經由索司
勒萃取器在甲苯中連續萃取隔夜。熱過濾出現之沈澱劑,得到呈白色固體狀之粗產物。
為進一步純化,在回流下在異丙醇中用力攪拌粗產物隔夜,熱過濾且用異丙醇及乙醇洗滌,得到呈白色固體狀之化合物8。MS(APCI(pos),m/z):424(M+1),且Br同位素為426、428。
b)在裝備有冷凝器及氮氣起泡器之燒瓶中引入化合物8(1.50g,3.52mmol)。用氮氣沖洗燒瓶且添加四氫呋喃(THF)(100mL)。接著將溶液冷卻至-78℃且逐滴添加正丁基鋰溶液(3.9mL,10.6mmol,2.7M溶液)。在-78℃下攪拌所得混合物1小時,接著在0℃下攪拌1小時。然後,在-78℃下添加2-異丙氧基-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼(2.29g,12.3mmol)。在-78℃下20分鐘之後,使混合物升溫至室溫且在室溫下攪拌2小時。接著,在0℃下添加水且用二氯甲烷(兩次,100mL)萃取產物。經合併之有機溶離份經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾且經旋轉式蒸發器濃縮。藉由在乙腈中加熱進一步純化粗物質且隨後在冰浴中冷卻。過濾所得粉末且乾燥,得到呈淡黃色固體狀之標題化合物9(產量=981mg(54%))。NMR:1H(400.1MHz,CDCl3),δ=9.13(1H,s),9.04(1H,s),8.80(2H,t,J=9.0Hz),8.53(1H,m),8.12(1H,dd,J=8.2,1.0Hz),8.08(1H,dd,J=8.2,1.0Hz),7.79-7.75(1H,m),7.55-7.49(2H,m),1.46(12H,s),1.45(12H,s)。
c)3,6-雙(5-溴噻吩-2-基)-2,5-雙(2-己基癸基)吡咯并[3,4-c]吡咯-1,4(2H,5H)-二酮之合成例如描述於WO2008/000664及Y.Geerts;Tetrahedron 66(2010)1837-1845中。
在裝備有冷凝器、機械攪拌器、氮氣起泡器及溫度計之250mL燒瓶中,引入實例3 b)之酸酯(437mg,0.84mmol)及3,6-雙(5-溴噻吩-2-基)-2,5-雙(2-己基癸基)吡咯并[3,4-c]吡咯-1,4(2H,5H)-二酮(726mg,0.80mmol)。用氮氣沖洗燒瓶且藉由注射器添加無水THF(40mL)。加熱所得紅色溶液至60℃且添加乙酸鈀(II)(5.4mg,0.024mmol)及2-(二第三丁基膦基)-1-苯基吡咯(27.6mg,0.096mmol)於10mL THF中之溶液。使所得混合物在回流溫度下攪拌5分鐘。然後,在60℃下以單份添加微細壓碎之單水合氫氧化鋰(211mg,5.04mmol)且在回流溫度下攪拌混合物4小時。將反應混合物傾倒於甲醇(300mL)中且經布赫納漏斗過濾沈澱。接著用200mL甲醇及200mL去離子水洗滌固體。接著將過濾之固體置於含有200mL氯仿及200mL 3%氰化鈉水溶液之燒瓶中且在60℃下在用力攪拌下加熱隔夜。用100mL水洗滌有機相,且接著蒸發三分之二氯仿。添加乙醇以沈澱產物,經布赫納漏斗過濾,用300mL乙醇洗滌且在烘箱中乾燥。接著再次重複用氰化鈉處理。接著藉由索司勒萃取,首先用四氫呋喃(200mL,5h)純化乾燥之固體。棄去可溶於四氫呋喃中之溶離份且接著使剩餘固體經
受用氯仿(200mL,6h)進行之索司勒萃取。濃縮綠色溶液,將產物沈澱於乙醇中,過濾且減壓乾燥,得到聚合物P-3(298mg,產率:37%)。分析:高溫GPC:Mw=10769,Mn=6250,PD=1.72。
太陽能電池具有以下結構:Al電極/LiF層/包括本發明之化合物及[70]PCBM之有機層/[聚(3,4-伸乙基二氧基-噻吩)(PEDOT)與聚(苯乙烯磺酸)(PSS)]之混合物/ITO電極/玻璃基板。太陽能電池藉由旋塗PEDOT-PSS層於玻璃基板上之預圖案化ITO上而製得。接著由溶劑混合物旋塗聚合物P-1(0.8重量%):[70]PCBM(經取代之C70富勒烯)之1:1混合物(有機層)。LiF及Al在高真空下經遮蔽罩昇華。
重複應用實例1,其中例外為使用聚合物P-3替代聚合物P-1。
在具有鹵素光源之太陽光模擬器下量測太陽能電池。接著用外部量子效率(External Quantum Efficiency,EQE)圖表,在AM1.5條件下估計電流。OPV量測之結果示於下表中:
化合物5類似於化合物8進行製備。
MS(APCI(pos),m/z):424(M+1)且Br同位素為426、428。
具有230nm厚SiO2介電質及圖案化氧化銦錫(15nm)/金(30nm)接觸(L=20、10、5、2.5μm,W=0.01m;Fraunhofer IPMS(Dresden))之矽晶圓(Si n--(425±40μm))藉由用丙酮及異丙醇洗滌繼之以氧氣電漿處理30分鐘之標準清潔法來製備。
在手套箱中轉移基板。辛基三氯矽烷(OTS)單層藉由將基板置於50mM辛基三氯矽烷(OTS)之三氯乙烯溶液中1小時而生長於介電質表面上。單層生長之後,用甲苯洗滌基板以移除物理吸附之矽烷。
在80℃下將半導體(分別P-1、P-2及P-3)以0.75重量%之濃度溶解於適當溶劑中且以1500rpm歷時60秒旋塗於基板上。
OFET量測:經Agilent 4155C半導體參數分析器量測OFET轉移及輸出特徵。在手套箱中在150℃下將裝置退火15分鐘,之後在手套箱中在氮氣氛圍下在室溫下進行量測。對於p型電晶體而言,對於轉移表徵,閘極電壓(Vg)自10至-30V變化且汲極電壓(Vd)等於-3及-30V。對於輸出表徵,Vd自0至-30V變化,Vg=0、-10、-20、-30V。
Claims (11)
- 一種聚合物,其包含下式之重複單元:
- 如請求項1之聚合物,其包含式之重複單元, 其中A及COM1係如請求項1所定義。
- 如請求項2之聚合物,其包含式之重複單元,其中A及COM1係如請求項1所定義,且n在4至1000之範圍內。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之聚合物,其中A為式(I)或(II)之重複單元,且-COM1-為重複單元、、
- 如請求項1之聚合物,其中A為下式之重複單元:
- 如請求項5之聚合物,其為下式之聚合物:
- 一種有機半導體材料、層或組件,其包含如請求項1至6中任一項之聚合物。
- 一種電子裝置,其包含如請求項1至6中任一項之聚合物及/或如請求項7之有機半導體材料、層或組件。
- 如請求項8之電子裝置,其為有機發光二極體、有機光伏打裝置、光電二極體或有機場效電晶體。
- 一種製備電子裝置之方法,該方法包含將如請求項1至6中任一項之聚合物於有機溶劑中之溶液及/或分散液塗覆於適合基板及 移除該溶劑。
- 一種如請求項1至6中任一項之聚合物及/或如請求項7之有機半導體材料、層或組件之用途,其係用於有機發光二極體、光伏打裝置、光電二極體或有機場效電晶體。
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JP6395702B2 (ja) | 2012-04-04 | 2018-09-26 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピアBasf Se | ジケトピロロピロールポリマーおよび小分子 |
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US9505877B2 (en) | 2016-11-29 |
JP6419065B2 (ja) | 2018-11-07 |
KR102030867B1 (ko) | 2019-10-10 |
KR20150001783A (ko) | 2015-01-06 |
TW201348287A (zh) | 2013-12-01 |
EP2834284B1 (en) | 2017-05-10 |
JP2015520249A (ja) | 2015-07-16 |
CN104185648A (zh) | 2014-12-03 |
US20150111337A1 (en) | 2015-04-23 |
WO2013149897A1 (en) | 2013-10-10 |
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