TWI573682B - 樹脂組成物之製造方法 - Google Patents
樹脂組成物之製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI573682B TWI573682B TW101133306A TW101133306A TWI573682B TW I573682 B TWI573682 B TW I573682B TW 101133306 A TW101133306 A TW 101133306A TW 101133306 A TW101133306 A TW 101133306A TW I573682 B TWI573682 B TW I573682B
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- fibrous filler
- resin
- resin composition
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- YPFNIPKMNMDDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]acetate;iron(3+) Chemical compound [Fe+3].OCCN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O YPFNIPKMNMDDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- KAUQJMHLAFIZDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid Chemical compound C1=C(O)C=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 KAUQJMHLAFIZDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCN MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000006612 decyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003136 n-heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003261 o-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001037 p-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001955 polyphenylene ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910003468 tantalcarbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum nitride Chemical compound [Ta]#N MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Description
本發明係關於一種製造含有纖維狀填料的樹脂組成物之方法。
液晶聚酯已被用來作為電力和電子組件及光學組件的材料,此因彼等的模製加工性良好、具有高耐熱性和強度、及絕電性優良之故。
液晶聚酯之特徵在於其模製時,其分子鏈易指向流動方向並因此而容易在流動方向和垂直方向之間的模具收縮率和機械性質發生各向異性。因此,它們曾被摻以各種形式的填料(如纖維形式和管形式)以降低各向異性而使用。
纖維狀填料摻入液晶聚酯中時,填料的平均纖維長度宜受控制,以得到所欲的流動性或模製性及所欲的模製物件強度。
JP-A-6-240114中,已藉由射出模製玻璃纖維強化的液晶樹脂組成物製的顆粒而定出在射出模具中的流動長度及模製物件的收縮率,該玻璃纖維強化的液晶樹脂組成物包含(A)100重量份至少一種液晶樹脂(選自能夠形成各向異性熔融相的液晶聚酯樹脂和液晶聚酯醯胺樹脂)和(B)5至300重量份平均纖維直徑為3至15微米的玻璃纖維,其中組成物顆粒中的重量平均纖維長度在0.02至
0.55毫米的範圍內,纖維長度大於1毫米的玻璃纖維比例以玻璃纖維總重計為0至15重量%,纖維長度高至01微米的玻璃纖維比例以玻璃纖維總重計為0至50重量%。但是,此技術不是能夠控制玻璃纖維填充時之重量比或平均纖維長度的技術。
此外,摻入平均纖維長度經事先均一化的纖維狀填料使其得以控制液晶聚酯組成物中之填料的平均纖維長度,但其須於摻入之前根據纖維長度而將纖維狀填料予以分類,因此其花費時間和成本。
鑑於前述情況而衍生本發明且其試圖提供製造所含纖維狀填料的纖維長度經控制之樹脂組成物之方法。亦試圖提供以經濟的方式製造所含纖維狀填料的纖維長度經控制之樹脂組成物之方法。
本發明係製造樹脂組成物之方法,該方法包含將樹脂(A)和纖維狀填料(B)餵至擠壓機、熔融捏和及之後擠壓彼等之步驟,其中擠壓機包含筒身、置於筒身中的螺桿、配備於筒身中的主進料口、和在擠壓方向上配備於主進料口後面的側進料口,一部份樹脂(A)和一部份重量平均纖維長度不低於1毫米的纖維狀填料(B)餵入通過主進料口而其餘的樹脂(A)和其餘重量平均纖維長度不低於1毫米的纖維狀填料(B)餵入通過側進料口。
較佳地,本發明中,餵至擠壓機的樹脂(A)量為80
至55重量%而餵至擠壓機的纖維狀填料(B)量為20至45重量%,其中將樹脂(A)餵入量和纖維狀填料(B)餵入量的總和視為100重量%。
較佳地,X1/X2=55/45至70/30(X1+X2=100),Y1/Y2=75/25至25/75(Y1+Y2=100),而X2/Y2=90/10至45/55(X2+Y2=100),其中待餵入主進料口的一部份樹脂(A)的量以X1表示,待餵入主進料口的一部份纖維狀填料(B)量以Y1表示,待餵入側進料口的其餘樹脂(A)量以X2表示,待餵入側進料口的其餘纖維狀填料(B)量以Y2表示,且X1+X2+Y1+Y2=100重量%。
本發明中,該樹脂(A)較佳地係液晶聚酯。
本發明中,該纖維狀填料(B)係選自由玻璃纖維、碳纖維、玄武岩纖維和氧化鋁纖維所組成的群組之無機填料。
根據本發明,得以經濟地製造樹脂組成物所含纖維狀填料的纖維長度經控制之樹脂組成物。
參考附圖,下文描述製造本發明之樹脂組成物之方法的具體實施例。
本發明所用擠壓機不限於圖1所示的擠壓機,而是較佳地,擠壓機包含筒身、置於筒身中的一或多個螺桿、配備於筒身中的二或更多個進料口(主進料口和側進料口),且更佳地,擠壓機的筒身中配備一或多個排氣口。
本發明所用擠壓機的例子包括單螺桿擠壓機和雙螺桿擠壓機。此雙螺桿擠壓機的例子包括共旋轉單至三螺紋螺桿擠壓機、反相旋轉的平行軸型擠壓機、和傾斜軸型或不完全契合型擠壓機。特別地,共旋轉雙螺桿擠壓機為較佳者。
圖1中所示的擠壓機10具有馬達1位於馬達盒1a中,筒身2位於鄰近馬達盒1a處,和螺桿3插入筒身2中並連接至馬達1。圖1所示的擠壓機10為雙螺桿擠壓機,其中兩個螺桿3插入筒身2中。
筒身2配備主進料口5(樹脂(A)和纖維狀填料(B)經由彼餵入筒身2)、在擠壓方向上之主進料口5背面(下游)的側進料口7(樹脂(A)和纖維狀填料(B)經由彼而餵入筒身2)、第一排氣口4和第二排氣口6(在筒身2中產生的揮發性組份(氣體)經彼排出)和出口模具9(經由彼形成經熔融捏和的樹脂組成物(樹脂(A)和纖維狀填料(B)之混合物))。
筒身2的最上游位置(此位置緊鄰馬達盒1a)配備主進料口5並朝著主進料口5的下游側(擠壓方向的背面;在出口模具9側面上)依序配備側進料口7、第一排氣口4、和第二排氣口6,並配備具有噴孔9a連接至筒身2的出口模具9位於筒身2的下游末端。
主進料口5和側進料口7各者具有料斗連接至筒身2內側及進料機(其以固定質量或固定體積餵入樹脂(A)和纖維狀填料(B))。進料機之進料系統的例子包括帶
系統、螺桿系統、震動系統、和桌系統。
第一排氣口4和第二排氣口6的系統的例子包括與空氣相通的開放排氣系統,和接連幫浦(如水封幫浦、旋轉幫浦、油擴散幫浦和渦輪幫浦)維持真空的真空排氣系統。
螺桿3具有運送樹脂組成物的運送區8;介於主進料口5和側進料口7之間,具有用於塑化和捏和樹脂組成物的第一捏和區11;介於側進料口7和第一排氣口4之間,具有用以塑化和捏和樹脂組成物的第二捏和區12;及介於第一排氣口4和第二排氣口6之間,具有用以捏和樹脂組成物的第三捏和區13。此外,其可另於第一排氣區4和第二排氣區6處具有第四捏和區和第五捏和區。此具體實施例中,較佳地充分控制筒身溫度以抑制切變加熱。
螺桿3係藉由合併螺桿元件而構成。通常,運送區8由正螺紋(全螺紋)螺桿元件所構成,而第一捏和區11、第二捏和區12和第三捏和區13由此螺桿元件作為全螺紋、反螺紋、密封環、正性捏和盤、中性捏和盤(neutral kneading disc)、和反性捏和盤合併所構成。
較佳地,第一捏和區11和第二捏和區12的元件各者所使用的元件之構形中,捏和盤與捏和盤以大於0且低於90度的相位角交錯重疊並具有中性捏和元件(捏和盤以90度相位角交錯的構形)。
較佳地,中性捏和元件用於第三捏和區13。
螺桿3另具有位於自第三捏和區13之擠壓方向背面
(下游)的捏和區時,較佳地將中性捏和元件用於位於最下游處的捏和區且所用元件的構形中,捏和盤與捏和盤以大於0且低於90度的相位角交錯重疊,中性捏和元件用於最下游的捏和區以外的捏和區。例如,當螺桿3另具有第四捏和區和第五捏和區位於第一排氣口4和第二排氣口6處時,較佳地,所用元件的構形中,捏和盤與捏和盤以大於0且低於90度的相位角交錯重疊,且捏和元件作為第一至第四捏和區的元件並使用中性捏和元件作為第五捏和區的元件。
除非全力用於輸送熔融的樹脂組成物,否則任何螺桿元件可作為構成螺桿3的其他元件。
樹脂(A)的例子包括液晶聚酯、聚苯硫醚(polyphenylene sulfide)、聚醚碸、聚醯胺、和聚醯亞胺。特別地,較佳者係液晶聚酯。
此液晶聚酯係在熔融態將展現液晶性的液晶聚酯,且較佳地為熔點不高於450℃者。此液晶聚酯可為液晶聚酯醯胺、液晶聚酯醚、液晶聚酯碳酸酯或液晶聚酯醯亞胺。此液晶聚酯較佳地為僅使用芳族化合物作為進料單體而製得的全芳族液晶聚酯。
液晶聚酯的典型例子包括下列(I)至(IV):(I)藉由令芳族羥基羧酸與至少一種選自由芳族二羧酸、芳族二醇、芳族羥基胺和芳族二胺所組成的群組之
化合物聚合(聚縮合)而製得者;(II)令二或更多種芳族羥基羧酸聚合而製得者;(III)令芳族二羧酸與至少一種選自由芳族二醇、芳族羥基胺和芳族二胺所組成的群組之化合物聚合而製得者;(IV)令聚酯(如聚對酞酸乙二酯)與芳族羥基羧酸聚合而製得者。
此處,芳族羥基羧酸、芳族二羧酸、芳族二醇、芳族羥基胺和芳族二胺各者獨立地使彼等之可聚合的衍生物被用來作為彼等之部份或全數的取代物。
具有羧基的化合物之可聚合的衍生物的例子如芳族羥基羧酸和芳族二羧酸,包括將羧基轉化成烷氧羰基或芳氧羰基而得的化合物(酯)、將羧基轉化成鹵甲醯基而得的化合物(酸醯鹵)和將羧基轉化成醯氧羰基而得的化合物(酸酐)。
具有羥基的化合物之可聚合的衍生物的例子如芳族羥基羧酸、芳族二醇、芳族羥基胺,包括藉醯化反應而將羥基轉化成醯氧基而得的化合物(醯化物)。
具有胺基的化合物之可聚合的衍生物如芳族羥基胺和芳族二胺,包括藉醯化反應而將胺基轉化成醯胺基而得的化合物(醯化物)。
較佳地,液晶聚酯具有下列式(1)表示的重複單元(下文中有時稱為“重複單元(1)”),且更佳地,其具有重複單元(1)、以下列式(2)表示的重複單元(下文
中有時稱為“重複單元(2)”)、和以下列式(3)表示的重複單元(下文中有時稱為“重複單元(3)”):(1)-O-Ar1-CO-,(2)-Co-Ar2-CO-,和(3)-X-Ar3-Y-,其中Ar1代表伸苯基、伸萘基或伸聯苯基;Ar2和Ar3各自獨立地代表伸苯基、伸萘基、伸聯苯基或下列通式(4)表示的基團;X和Y各自獨立地代表氧原子或亞胺基(-NH-);Ar1、Ar2和Ar3中的一或多個氫原子可各自獨立地經鹵原子、烷基或芳基取代,(4)-Ar4-Z-Ar5-
其中Ar4和Ar5各自獨立地代表伸苯基或伸萘基;Z代表氧原子、硫原子、羰基、磺醯基或亞烷基。
鹵素原子的例子包括氟原子、氯原子、溴原子和碘原子。
烷基的例子包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基、二級丁基、三級丁基、正戊基、正己基、正庚基、2-乙基己基、正辛基、正壬基和正癸基,且碳原子數較佳地由1至10。
芳基的例子包括苯基、鄰-甲苯基、間-甲苯基、對-甲苯基、1-萘基和2-萘基,且碳原子較佳地由6至20。
當氫原子經這些基團取代時,Ar1、Ar2或Ar3代表的每一基團中之取代基的數目獨立地較佳地為2或更少,且更佳地為1或更少。
亞烷基的例子包括亞甲基、亞乙基、異亞丙基、正亞丁基和2-乙基亞己基,且碳原子較佳地由1至10。
重複單元(1)係衍生自預定的芳族羥基羧酸的重複單元。重複單元(1)較佳地為其中的Ar1係對-伸苯基的重複單元(衍生自對-羥基苯甲酸的重複單元)、或其中的Ar1係2,6-伸萘基的重複單元(衍生自6-羥基-2-萘酸的重複單元)。
重複單元(2)係衍生自預定的芳族二羧酸的重複單元。重複單元(2)較佳地為其中的Ar2係對-伸苯基的重複單元(衍生自對-酞酸的重複單元)、其中的Ar2係間-伸苯基的重複單元(衍生自異酞酸的重複單元)、其中的Ar2係2,6-伸萘基的重複單元(衍生自2,6-萘二羧酸的重複單元)、或其中的Ar2係二苯基醚-4,4’-二基的重複單元(衍生自二苯基醚-4,4’-二羧酸的重複單元)。
重複單元(3)係衍生自預定的芳族二醇、芳族羥基胺或芳族二胺的重複單元。重複單元(3)較佳地為其中的Ar3係對-伸苯基的重複單元(衍生自氫醌、對-胺基酚或對-苯二胺的重複單元)、或其中的Ar3係4,4’-伸聯苯基的重複單元(衍生自4,4’-二羥基聯苯、4-胺基-4’-羥基聯苯或4,4’-二胺基聯苯的重複單元)。
重複單元(1)的含量較佳地為30莫耳%或更高,更佳地為30至80莫耳%,又更佳地為40至70莫耳%,且特別佳地為45至65莫耳%,此係以構成液晶聚酯的所有重複單元總量計(該數值的求得方式為:構成液晶聚酯的
各個重複單元質量除以各重複單元的式重以得到對等於各重複單元的量(莫耳),之後將藉此得到的量加總)。
重複單元(2)的含量較佳地為35莫耳%或更低,更佳地為10至35莫耳%,又更佳地為15至30莫耳%,且特別佳地為17.5至27.5莫耳%,此係以構成液晶聚酯的所有重複單元總量計。
重複單元(3)的含量較佳地為35莫耳%或更低,更佳地為10至35莫耳%,又更佳地為15至30莫耳%,且特別佳地為17.5至27.5莫耳%,此係以構成液晶聚酯的所有重複單元總量計。
隨著重複單元(1)含量的提高,熔流率、耐熱性、強度/剛性獲得改良;但是,當含量過大時,熔融溫度和熔化黏度提高且模製溫度易變高且成型所須溫度易變高。
重複單元(2)含量對重複單元(3)含量之比,以[重複單元(2)含量]/[重複單元(3)含量](莫耳/莫耳)表示,較佳地由0.9/1至1/0.9,更佳地由0.95/1至1/0.95,且又更佳地由0.98/1至1/0.98。
至於各各重複單元(1)至(3),此液晶聚酯可以包括二或更多種重複單元。雖然液晶聚酯可以包括重複單元(1)至(3)以外的重複單元,彼等之含量較佳地至多10莫耳%,且更佳地為至多5莫耳%,此係以構成液晶聚酯之所有重複單元總量計。
此液晶聚酯較佳地包括其中的X和Y為氧原子者(即,衍生自預定的芳族二醇之重複單元)作為重複單元
(3),且較佳地僅包括其中的X和Y為氧原子者作為重複單元(3)。此構形易使得液晶聚酯展現低熔黏度。
較佳地,此液晶聚酯係藉由令對應於構成液晶聚酯之重複單元的進料單體熔融聚合,及之後令所得的聚合物(下文中有時稱為“預聚物”)進行固相聚合反應而製得。此得以製造耐熱性和強度/剛性高及操作性足夠之高分子量液晶聚酯。此熔融聚合反應可以在觸媒存在時進行;可用於此情況之觸媒的例子包括金屬化合物,如乙酸鎂、乙酸亞錫、鈦酸四丁酯、乙酸鉛、乙酸鈉、乙酸鉀和三氧化二銻;和含氮的雜環化合物,如4-(二甲胺基)吡啶和1-甲基咪唑。
此液晶聚酯的開始流動溫度較佳地為270℃或更高,更佳地由270℃至400℃,且又更佳地由280℃至380℃。隨著開始流動溫度的提高,耐熱性和強度/剛性獲改良;但是,若開始流動溫度過高,則熔融溫度和熔化黏度容易變高且模製所需溫度易變高。
開始流動溫度亦被稱為流動溫度且係使用毛細管流變計,液晶聚酯於加熱速率為4℃/分鐘在9.8MPa(100公斤/平方公分)載量下加熱而熔化並擠壓通過內徑1毫米、長10毫米的噴嘴時,液晶聚酯之黏度為4,800Pa‧s(48,000泊)的溫度。開始流動溫度可作為液晶聚酯的分子量指標(請參考“Liquid Crystalline Polymer-Synthesis,Molding and Application”,Naoyuki Koide編輯,p.95,CMC於1987年6月5日發行)。
本具體實施例之製造方法所用的纖維狀填料(B)可為纖維狀無機填料或纖維狀有機填料。
纖維狀無機填料的例子包括玻璃纖維;碳纖維,如PAN型碳纖維和以瀝青為基礎的碳纖維;陶瓷纖維,如氧化矽纖維、氧化鋁纖維和氧化矽氧化鋁纖維;金屬纖維,如不銹鋼纖維;及玄武岩纖維。其他例子亦包括晶鬚,如鈦酸鉀晶鬚、鈦酸鋇晶鬚、矽灰石晶鬚、硼酸鋁晶鬚、氮化矽晶鬚和碳化矽晶鬚。
纖維狀有機填料的例子包括聚酯纖維和芳醯胺纖維。
就施於模製加工設備的耐磨載量(wear load)性及可利用性觀之,較佳地,使用選自由玻璃纖維、碳纖維、玄武岩纖維、和氧化鋁纖維所組成的群組之纖維狀無機填料作為纖維狀填料(B),特別地,玻璃纖維更佳。
纖維狀填料(B)可為前述填料之二或更多種之混合物。其亦可為纖維狀填料和其他填料之混合物。相對於100質量份液晶聚酯,填料載量通常為0至100質量份。
纖維狀填料(B)可以曾經接受表面塗覆處理以減少使用藉此具體實施例之製法而得的樹脂組成物得到的樹脂模製物件之氣體生成,並藉此提高樹脂模製物件的化學安定性,且就製造電力和電子裝置和光學裝置的觀點,周圍組件比較不會被產生的氣體所污染。此表面塗覆處理包括以偶合劑(如鈦偶合劑)進行表面塗覆處理,及以各種類
型的熱固性樹脂和熱塑性樹脂進行表面塗覆處理。
作為纖維狀填料(B)的玻璃纖維可為經以環氧基為基礎、經以胺甲酸酯為基礎或丙烯酸系塗料或上漿劑處理者。
纖維狀填料(B)的重量平均纖維長度調整為1毫米或更高,較佳地為1毫米至10毫米,更佳地為2至10毫米。較佳地,纖維狀填料(B)的平均直徑為3至15微米。若纖維狀填料(B)的平均直徑小於3微米,則強化效果降低。或纖維狀填料(B)的平均直徑超過15微米,則有模製性降低且表面外觀不良的傾向。較佳地,纖維狀填料(B)係長度均勻無分布性的切段細線。
之後,作為前述具體實施例之樹脂組成物之製法的具體實施例,將描述藉一個製造樹脂組成物的情況,其中藉由熔融捏和樹脂(A)和纖維狀填料(B),繼而使用圖1所示的擠壓機10擠壓而製得樹脂組成物。
此製造樹脂組成物之方法的具體實施例中,(i)樹脂(A)的一部份(X1)和重量平均纖維長度為1毫米或更高的纖維狀填料(B)的一部份(Y1)經由擠壓機10的主進料口5餵入,之後(ii)其餘樹脂(A)(X2)和其餘重量平均纖維長度為1毫米或更高的纖維狀填料(B)(Y2)經由擠壓機10的側進料口7餵入。
此處,餵至擠壓機10的樹脂(A)總進料,(P)=X1+X2(重量%),餵至擠壓機10的纖維狀填料(B)總進料,(Q)=Y1+Y2(重量%),及樹脂(A)進料和纖維狀
填料(B)進料的總和,(P+Q),是100重量%。
欲得到之樹脂組成物中之樹脂(A)和纖維狀填料(B)的重量比(即,待餵入擠壓機10之樹脂(A)和纖維狀填料(B)進料的比例)較佳地為55至85重量%樹脂(A)和45至20重量%纖維狀填料(B),更佳地為60至70重量%(A)和40至30重量%(B)(此處樹脂(A)和纖維狀填料(B)的總和為100重量%)。若纖維狀填料(B)在樹脂組成物中的比例過高,則在使用此樹脂組成物進行模製時,樹脂組成物的流動性受損,並因此而難以模製。反之,若纖維狀填料(B)在樹脂組成物中的比例過低,則增強使用該樹脂組成物得到的模製物件的效果降低,導致剛性不足。
本發明中,較佳地,將樹脂(A)的一部份(X1)和纖維狀填料(B)的一部份(Y1)經由擠壓機10的主進料口5餵入及將其餘樹脂(A)(X2)和其餘纖維狀填料(B)(Y2)經由在擠壓方向上之位於主進料口5背面的側進料口7餵入,使得X1/X2比為55/45至70/30重量%,且Y1/Y2比為75/25至25/75重量%。更佳地,其餵入使得X2/Y2重量比=90/10至45/55重量%。
若餵至主進料口5的纖維狀填料(B)的量(Y1)大於前述範圍,則擠壓機10的載量過大。反之,若餵至主進料口5的纖維狀填料(B)的量(Y1)小於前述範圍,則所得樹脂組成物中之纖維狀填料的平均纖維長度可能變長,使得使用該樹脂組成物模製時,樹脂組成物的流動性
受損。若經由側進料口7餵入之樹脂(A)的量(X2)對纖維狀填料(B)的量(Y2)之比在該範圍外,則所得樹脂組成物中之纖維狀填料的平均纖維長度可能變長,使得使用此樹脂組成物模製之情況中之樹脂組成物的流動性受損。
較佳地,樹脂(A)和纖維狀填料(B)於主進料口5和側進料口7二者同時餵入。
此具體實施例之製造樹脂組成物的方法中,較佳地於將擠壓機10的筒身2溫度調整至樹脂(A)熔化的溫度(400℃至340℃)的同時捏和。欲抑制切變加熱引發之熔融樹脂的過熱,可僅在側進料口7的下游側具有切變加熱的部份,使筒身2溫度可低於樹脂(A)的熔化溫度(400℃至340℃),但差異不超過120℃。即,可僅在側進料口7的下游側具有切變加熱的部份,筒身2溫度可以在介於400℃至220℃的範圍內。
樹脂組成物(樹脂(A)和纖維狀填料(B)之混合物)經由擠壓機10的出口模具9之排放較佳地調整為200公斤/小時至400公斤/小時。較佳地,擠壓機10的螺桿3的旋轉速率調整至500至800 rpm。較佳地,調整此製造條件,使得扭矩成為60%或更高。
藉由將樹脂(A)和纖維狀填料(B)餵至擠壓機10,熔融捏和彼等,及在前述條件下擠壓,可製得樹脂組成物。較佳地,所得的樹脂組成物自擠壓機10擠壓之後,成型成顆粒形式。
所得樹脂組成物中之纖維狀填料的重量平均纖維長度為150至350微米,較佳地為200至300微米,更佳地為200至280微米。所得樹脂組成物中之纖維狀填料的數量平均纖維長度為100至220微米,較佳地為100至210微米,更佳地為120至200微米。
若樹脂組成物中之纖維狀填料的纖維長度短於前述範圍,則使用此樹脂組成物得到的模製物件的剛性可能不足且造成各向異性提高。反之,若樹脂組成物中之纖維狀填料的纖維長度長於前述範圍,則使用此樹脂組成物製造模製物件時,樹脂組成物的流動性可能不良且模製性受損。此外,若樹脂組成物中之纖維狀填料的纖維長度長於前述範圍,則可能使用此樹脂組成物得到的模製物件表面受損、且因為纖維狀填料的掉落或自彼衍生的樹脂塵粒之產生的塵量惡化。
以下描述測定纖維狀填料之纖維長度的方法。
纖維狀填料之重量平均纖維長度和數量平均纖維長度係由樹脂組成物中所含纖維狀填料的形狀測定。下文具體描述其測定方法。
測定纖維狀填料的形狀的方式為:將1.0克樹脂組成物置於坩鍋中,在電爐中於600℃處理4小時,藉此而使其灰化,將殘渣分散於甲醇中並對散佈於載玻璃上的分散液照相,取得顯微照片,直接由照片偵測纖維狀填料的形
狀,並計算其平均。平均之計算中使用400或更多個族群參數。至於各重量,自纖維狀填料的比重計算對應各纖維長度的重量,並使用所用樣品的總重計算平均。
製造本發明之樹脂組成物之方法經建構以將樹脂(A)的一部份和重量平均纖維長度不低於1毫米的纖維狀填料(B)之一部份經由擠壓機10的主進料口5餵入及其餘樹脂(A)和其餘重量平均纖維長度不低於1毫米的纖維狀填料(B)經由在擠壓方向上之主進料口5背面的側進料口7餵入。因此,由於經由主進料口5餵入的纖維狀填料(B)共於第一捏和區11、第二捏和區12和第三捏和區13捏和三次,所以纖維長度比僅於側進料口7餵入的纖維為短。若在第一排氣口4增加第四捏和區及於第二排氣口6增加第五捏和區,則可增進纖維長度控制效果。此外,由於經由主進料口5餵入的纖維狀填料(B)與同時餵入之未熔融之堅硬的樹脂(A)捏和並藉此而相互研磨,所以纖維長度進一步減低。因此,藉由本發明之製法,可製造具有特定重量平均纖維長度及額外的特定纖維長度分佈之樹脂組成物。
本發明之方法得以將樹脂組成物中的數量平均纖維長度控制於100至220微米及將重量平均纖維長度控制於150至350微米。
此外,藉本發明之製法,可以經濟的方式製造所含纖維狀填料的纖維長度經良好控制之樹脂組成物,此因纖維狀纖維不需在餵入擠壓機10之前分類成所欲的纖維長度
之故。
雖然前述具體實施例中描述的是樹脂組成物藉使用僅含樹脂(A)和纖維狀填料(B)的擠壓機熔融捏和的情況,本發明不限於此實例且一或多個其他組份(如添加劑和液晶聚酯以外的樹脂)可另摻入待使用擠壓機熔融捏和的樹脂組成物中。此作為添加劑和液晶聚酯以外的樹脂之其他組份可以根據需要經由主進料口5和/或側進料口7餵入筒身2。
待使用擠壓機熔融捏和之樹脂組成物中可含添加劑的例子包括抗氧化劑、熱安定劑、UV吸收劑、抗靜電劑、界面活性劑、阻燃劑和著色劑。相對於100質量份的液晶聚酯,添加劑載量較佳地由0至5質量份。
待使用擠壓機熔融捏和之樹脂組成物中可含之液晶聚酯以外的樹脂的例子包括液晶聚酯以外的熱塑性樹脂(如聚丙烯、聚醯胺)、液晶聚酯以外的聚酯、聚碸、聚苯硫醚、聚醚酮、聚碳酸酯、聚苯醚和聚醚醯亞胺;和熱固性樹脂(如酚樹脂、環氧樹脂、聚醯亞胺樹脂和氰酸酯樹脂)。相對於100質量份的液晶聚酯,此液晶聚酯以外的樹脂之載量較佳地為0至99質量份。
藉由模製本發明之製法得到的樹脂組成物可得到多種模製物件。此模製物件的例子包括電力和電子組件及光學組件,且彼等的特定例子包括與半導體製法相關的組件,如連接器、插座、繼電器組件、繞線管、光學讀頭、振盪器、印刷佈線板、電路板、半導體封裝、與電腦相關的組
件、相機的鏡筒、光學感知器外殼、小型相機模組外殼(套組和鏡筒)、投影機光學引擎建構組件、IC盤和晶圓載體;家用電子用品組件,如VTR、電視、熨斗、空調、立體音響、真空吸塵器、冰箱、電鍋、和照明設備;照明設備組件,如燈反射器和燈架;音響產品組件,例如光碟、雷射碟和麥克風;及通訊設備組件,如用於光學纜線的套圈、電話組件、傳真機組件和數據機。
此外,前述應用以外的例子包括影印機和與印表機相關的組件,如分離用的勾爪和加熱器支架;機械組件,如葉輪、風扇齒輪、齒輪、軸承、馬達組件和箱;汽車組件,如用於汽車的機械組件、引擎組件、引擎室中的組件、發光組件和內部組件;烹調設備,如用於烹調和熱隔絕用具的微波爐盤;隔絕熱和聲音的隔絕材料(如地板覆蓋材料和牆材料)、承載材料(如樑和柱)、建築材料(如天花板鋪設材料)或用於公共工程和建設的材料;用於飛機、飛船、航空器的組件;用於輻射設施的元件,如核反應器;用於海洋設施的組件;用於清潔的夾具;用於光學儀器的組件;閥;管;噴嘴;濾器;膜;醫藥設備組件和醫藥材料;用於感知器的組件;衛生用品;承載物品;和休閒物品。
自藉本發明得到的樹脂組成物製造模製物件時,模製法較佳為熔融模製法,其例子包括射出模製法、擠壓成型法(如T-形模具法)和管狀模成型法、壓縮模製法,吹氣模製法、真空模製法、和加壓成型法。特別地,較佳者為
射出模製法。
使用藉本發明之製法得到的樹脂組成物之模製物件的機械強度、耐熱性、和模製性極佳且具有防塵性。
藉下列特定實例詳細描述本發明。但本發明不限於以下實例。
在配備攪拌器、扭矩計、氮氣入口、溫度計和迴流冷凝管的反應器中,引入994.5克(7.2莫耳)對-羥基苯甲酸、299.0克(1.8莫耳)對酞酸、99.7克(0.6莫耳)異酞酸、446.9克(2.4莫耳)4,4’-二羥基聯苯、1347.6克(13.2莫耳)乙酸酐和0.194克1-甲基咪唑,之後,於氮氣流下攪拌時,以15分鐘使溫度自室溫提高至145℃,之後於145℃迴流1小時。之後,添加0.194克1-甲基咪唑,以3小時使溫度自145℃提高至320℃並蒸除副產物乙酸和未反應的乙酸酐。維持於320℃ 2小時之後,自反應器取出內容物並於之後冷卻至室溫。所得固體藉粉碎機粉碎,以得到粉狀預聚物。此預聚物的開始流動溫度為261℃。之後,藉由在氮氣環境下,以1小時使溫度自室溫提高至250℃,以5小時使此預聚物的溫度自250℃提高至285℃並維持於285℃ 3小時,藉此進行固相聚合反應。之後冷卻該混合物,以得到粉狀的液晶聚酯。此液晶
聚酯的開始流動溫度為327℃。將藉此得到的液晶聚酯命名為LCP1。
藉由使用雙螺桿擠壓機(TEM-41SS,Toshiba Machine Co.,Ltd.製造),以表1所示的LCP1分配量X1,X2)和玻璃纖維分配量(Y1,Y2),熔融捏和之前得到的LCP1和玻璃纖維(CS-3J-260S,Nitto Boseki Co.,Ltd.生產)而製得樹脂組成物。
所用的雙螺桿擠壓機中,構造如圖1所示的擠壓機中的第四捏和區加至第一排氣口且第五捏和區加至第二排氣口。雙螺桿擠壓機的捏和區構造使得第一捏和區至第四捏和區為5R和5N且第五捏和區僅為5N。N是指由以90度交錯堆疊的五片所構成之中性捏和區段而R是指由以30度順時鐘交錯堆疊的五片所構成的區段。第二捏和區至第五捏和區調整至240℃以抑制切變加熱。其他者調整至340℃。所用螺桿直徑為41毫米而第二排氣口以分接抽氣器(tap aspirator)維持,使得表壓真空度為-0.09 MPa(大氣壓視為0MPa)。所用螺桿係雙螺桿共旋轉(順時鐘旋轉)且螺桿的旋轉速率調整至700 rpm及壓出速率為300公斤/小時。
所得樹脂組成物中的纖維狀填料(玻璃纖維)的纖維長度係藉下列方法測得。其結果示於表2。
1.0克所得樹脂組成物置於坩鍋中並在電爐中於600℃處理4小時,藉此灰化。將殘渣分散於甲醇中並對散佈於載玻璃上的分散液照相,取得顯微照片。直接由照片偵測纖維狀填料的形狀,並計算其平均。平均之計算中使用400或更多個族群參數。至於各重量,自纖維狀填料的比重計算對應各纖維長度的重量,並使用所用樣品的總重計算平均。
由表2所示的結果,證實實例1至3(其為本發明之各製法)中之樹脂組成物中的纖維狀填料的數量平均纖維長度可控制於100至220微米而重量平均纖維長度可控制於150至350微米。
本發明可用於各種類型的模製物件,包括電力和電子組件、光學組件、與半導體製法相關的組件、家用電子用品組件、照明設備組件、音響產品組件、通訊設備組件、與印表機相關的組件、汽車組件、烹調設備、用於公共工程和建設的組件、用於飛行器、太空船和太空應用的組件、醫藥設備組件、運動用品和休閒用品。
1‧‧‧馬達
2‧‧‧筒身
3‧‧‧螺桿
4‧‧‧第一排氣口
5‧‧‧主進料口
6‧‧‧第二排氣口
7‧‧‧側進料口
8‧‧‧運送區
9‧‧‧出口模具
10‧‧‧擠壓機
11‧‧‧第一捏和區
12‧‧‧第二捏和區
13‧‧‧第三捏和區
1a‧‧‧馬達盒
9a‧‧‧噴孔
圖1係說明可用於本發明之擠壓機的一個例的示意截面圖。
1‧‧‧馬達
2‧‧‧筒身
3‧‧‧螺桿
4‧‧‧第一排氣口
5‧‧‧主進料口
6‧‧‧第二排氣口
7‧‧‧側進料口
8‧‧‧運送區
9‧‧‧出口模具
10‧‧‧擠壓機
11‧‧‧第一捏和區
12‧‧‧第二捏和區
13‧‧‧第三捏和區
1a‧‧‧馬達盒
9a‧‧‧噴孔
Claims (4)
- 一種樹脂組成物之製造方法,該方法包含將樹脂(A)和纖維狀填料(B)餵至擠壓機、熔融捏和及之後擠壓彼等之步驟,其中擠壓機包含筒身、置於筒身中的螺桿、配備於筒身中的主進料口、和在擠壓方向上配備於主進料口後面的側進料口,一部份樹脂(A)和一部份重量平均纖維長度不低於1毫米的纖維狀填料(B)餵入通過主進料口而其餘的樹脂(A)和其餘重量平均纖維長度不低於1毫米的纖維狀填料(B)餵入通過側進料口,其中X1/X2=55/45至70/30(X1+X2=100),Y1/Y2=75/25至25/75(Y1+Y2=100),而X2/Y2=90/10至45/55(X2+Y2=100),其中待餵入主進料口的一部份樹脂(A)的量以X1表示,待餵入主進料口的一部份纖維狀填料(B)量以Y1表示,待餵入側進料口的其餘樹脂(A)的量以X2表示,待餵入側進料口的其餘纖維狀填料(B)量以Y2表示,且X1+X2+Y1+Y2=100重量%。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之樹脂組成物之製造方法,其中餵至擠壓機的樹脂(A)量為80至55重量%而餵至擠壓機的纖維狀填料(B)量為20至45重量%,其中將樹脂(A)餵入量和纖維狀填料(B)餵入量的總和視為100重量%。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之樹脂組成物之製造方法,其中該樹脂(A)係液晶聚酯。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之樹脂組成物之製造方 法,其中該纖維狀填料(B)係選自由玻璃纖維、碳纖維、玄武岩纖維和氧化鋁纖維所組成的群組之無機填料。
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PL2818502T3 (pl) * | 2013-06-28 | 2017-04-28 | Altachem N.V. | Element zaworu |
JP2015016667A (ja) * | 2013-07-12 | 2015-01-29 | 株式会社ジェイテクト | 電気絶縁樹脂材料の製造方法ならびに転がり軸受 |
CN103991203B (zh) * | 2014-05-13 | 2016-05-18 | 杨镇嘉 | 长纤维增强热塑料直接在线成型设备 |
JP6067767B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-26 | 2017-01-25 | 住友理工株式会社 | ガラス繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂成形体およびその製法 |
CN108350278B (zh) * | 2015-12-24 | 2019-07-26 | 宝理塑料株式会社 | 照相机模块用液晶性树脂组合物、其制造方法及使用有该组合物的照相机模块 |
JP6871914B2 (ja) * | 2016-03-31 | 2021-05-19 | 住化カラー株式会社 | 樹脂組成物の製造方法 |
KR101902563B1 (ko) * | 2016-09-27 | 2018-09-28 | 롯데케미칼 주식회사 | 레독스 흐름 전지용 플로우 프레임의 제조 방법 |
CN111132805B (zh) * | 2017-09-26 | 2021-12-28 | 株式会社日本制钢所 | 纤维增强热塑性树脂的捏合方法、塑化装置和挤出机 |
JP6869622B2 (ja) * | 2017-09-26 | 2021-05-12 | 株式会社日本製鋼所 | 繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂用の押出機 |
JP6933951B2 (ja) * | 2017-10-06 | 2021-09-08 | 株式会社日本製鋼所 | 繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂の混練方法および可塑化装置 |
TWI734076B (zh) * | 2019-01-30 | 2021-07-21 | 南亞塑膠工業股份有限公司 | 以連續式拉擠成型生產lft押出件及其使用的押出機 |
JP7380969B2 (ja) * | 2019-10-09 | 2023-11-15 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 植物繊維強化樹脂組成物の製造方法 |
KR102292651B1 (ko) * | 2020-02-23 | 2021-08-25 | 주식회사 디쏠 | 고농도 및 고균질의 고분자 용액을 제조하기 위한 압출장치 및 이를 이용한 고분자 용액의 제조방법 |
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