CN103991203B - 长纤维增强热塑料直接在线成型设备 - Google Patents

长纤维增强热塑料直接在线成型设备 Download PDF

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CN103991203B
CN103991203B CN201410201308.2A CN201410201308A CN103991203B CN 103991203 B CN103991203 B CN 103991203B CN 201410201308 A CN201410201308 A CN 201410201308A CN 103991203 B CN103991203 B CN 103991203B
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glass
extruder
long fiber
fiber reinforcement
thermoplastic materials
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CN103991203A (zh
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杨镇嘉
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Sichuan Zhongwang Technology Co Ltd
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
    • B29C48/80—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the plasticising zone, e.g. by heating cylinders
    • B29C48/83—Heating or cooling the cylinders
    • B29C48/832—Heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
    • B29C48/288—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in solid form, e.g. powder or granules
    • B29C48/2886—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in solid form, e.g. powder or granules of fibrous, filamentary or filling materials, e.g. thin fibrous reinforcements or fillers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/355—Conveyors for extruded articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/76—Venting, drying means; Degassing means
    • B29C48/763—Vent constructions, e.g. venting means avoiding melt escape
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种长纤维增强热塑料直接在线成型设备，包括钢平台、挤出装置、计量加料装置和玻纤加入装置，挤出装置包括挤出机，挤出装置的中部还有一玻纤引入口，玻纤加入装置包括设置于玻纤引入口上方的玻纤加热装置。本发明通过仅设置一台挤出机，并且玻纤进入挤出装置的中部，被螺杆切割后直接与母料混合，不再有中间过渡的距离，并且通过加装玻纤加热装置除去玻纤中的水分，并且使玻纤作预热处理，更有利于玻纤与母料的混合，有利于提高产品的品质，玻纤的加入量通过主机螺杆的转速控制，当母料进入量一定时，提高螺杆的转速，也就相应的增加了玻纤的加入量，从而提高了玻纤的含量；反之，减少了玻纤的含量。

Description

长纤维增强热塑料直接在线成型设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种塑料成型设备，尤其涉及一种长纤维增强热塑料直接在线成型设备。
背景技术
传统的长纤维增强塑料的生产使用的是长纤维增强热塑性塑料直接在线成型机(简称LFT-D)，参阅图1所示，该成型机的挤出装置是控制母料经加料口进入一阶挤出机91，后沿物料通道进入二阶挤出机92的第一段机筒93；玻纤经玻纤切割机94后沿玻纤通道进入第一段机筒93，在第一段机筒93上方母料与玻纤共用一个通道，两者经二阶挤出机混合后进入坯料切断装置95，再由机械手放入压机，实现长纤维增强热塑性塑料直接在线成型。
由于玻纤经过玻纤切割机切断94后才进入二阶挤出机92中，切割后与二阶挤出机92中的第一断机筒93的进入口有一段距离，玻纤本身的流动性极差，并且易架桥，桥后会导致进入主机的玻纤量不均，直接导致产品的玻纤含量不稳定，从而影响使产品质量，并且两台挤出机同时运转，增加了大量的电费、水费及其人工的费用，同时增加了机器的维护、保养等问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种长纤维增强热塑料直接在线成型设备，其通过仅设置一台挤出机并且增设玻纤加热装置，精简了系统，减少了大量的电费、水费及人工的费用，也不会有架桥的危险，成品中玻纤含量稳定，产品质量好。
本发明提供了一种长纤维增强热塑料直接在线成型设备，包括钢平台，设于所述钢平台之下用于加热母料、剪切玻纤并使二者混合、糅炼的挤出装置，与所述挤出装置相连接的计量加料装置和玻纤加入装置，
所述挤出装置包括设置于所述钢平台下的挤出机，以及设置在所述挤出机外表面的加热器，所述挤出装置中部还有一玻纤引入口，
所述玻纤加入装置包括设置于所述玻纤引入口上方的玻纤加热装置，所述玻纤加热装置通过多组玻纤通道与一玻纤放置柜相连接，
所述计量加料装置设于所述挤出装置的挤出机上方并与所述挤出机加料口相连通，所述玻纤加入装置与所述玻纤引入口相连通。
进一步地,所述玻纤加热装置包括多组用于张紧玻纤的张紧轮，每个所述张紧轮内部均设有一组加热棒，所述加热棒通过一支撑架与所述钢平台相连接。
进一步地,所述挤出装置中玻纤引入口处设有一玻纤引入衬套，所述玻纤引入衬套上均匀设有多组玻纤穿入孔。
进一步地,该成型设备还包括依次安装于所述挤出装置的出料模头的切断装置与输送装置，所述切断装置用于将增强塑料成品定尺寸切断，所述输送装置用于将被切断的增强塑料成品进行输送。
进一步地,所述输送装置还设置有红外加热装置和保温装置。
进一步地,所述切断装置包括一切刀架，所述切刀架上设有一切刀，还包括一驱动所述切刀运动的气动装置，所述切刀与所述输送装置的运输平面之间的夹角为60°，所述挤出装置的出料模头与所述切刀相互垂直。
进一步地,所述计量加料装置包括与挤出机加料口相连接的加料斗，设于所述加料斗上部用于搅拌母料并向加料斗加料的加料装置，所述加料装置的下部设有一用于计量加入母料重量的计量秤，其上部设有一补料仓。
进一步地,所述计量加料装置有3套分别用于添加母料、添加剂和回收料，沿所述加料斗轴线均匀分布。
进一步地,该成型设备还包括一与所述挤出系统中用于为与抽真空装置相连的真空排气机筒抽真空的真空装置，以及一用于为挤出机降温的冷却水装置。
如上所述，根据本发明的长纤维增强热塑料直接在线成型设备通过仅一台挤出机，并且设置了玻纤加热装置，玻纤通过玻纤加热装置加热以后玻纤引入衬套孔进入挤出机内，被螺杆剪断，母料首先在螺杆挤出机的前3段机筒内开始熔融，熔融的物料被推送至玻纤引入口处的机筒与被剪断的玻纤混合，在玻纤引入口至挤出机的出料模头之间玻纤与母料被混炼均匀后挤出，由于只用了一台挤出机，就实现了玻纤剪断与混合，一方面避免了玻纤会架桥的问题，另一方面大大节省了电费、水费及人工等费用，并且还减少了其维护和保养的成本，通过加装玻纤加热装置除去了玻纤中的水分，并且使玻纤作预热处理，更有利于玻纤与母料的混合，有利于提高产品的品质。玻纤的加入量通过主机螺杆的转速控制，当母料进入量一定时，提高螺杆的转速，也就相应的增加了玻纤的加入量，从而提高了玻纤的含量；反之，减少了玻纤的含量。
附图说明
图1是现有技术中的长纤维增强热塑性塑料直接在线成型机的结构示意图；
图2是本发明的长纤维增强热塑料直接在线成型设备的正视结构图；
图3是本发明的长纤维增强热塑料直接在线成型设备的俯视结构图；
图4是本发明的挤出装置的结构示意图；
图5是本发明的玻纤加热装置的结构示意图；
图6是本发明的玻纤引入衬套的结构示意图；
图7是本发明的切断装置与输送装置的结构示意图；
图8是本发明的计量加料装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明了，下面结合具体实施方式并参照附图，对本发明进一步详细说明。
图2是本发明的长纤维增强热塑料直接在线成型设备的正视结构图。
图3是本发明的长纤维增强热塑料直接在线成型设备的俯视结构图。
图4是本发明的挤出装置的结构示意图。
如图2至图4所示，本发明的长纤维增强热塑料直接在线成型设备主要包括钢平台1，设于钢平台1之下用于加热母料(一般为塑料)、剪切玻纤并使二者混合、柔炼的挤出装置2，与挤出装置2相连接并用于为挤出装置2加入和称重母料的计量加料装置3和用于为挤出装置2加入玻纤的玻纤加入装置4。
挤出装置2包括设置于钢平台1下的挤出机21，还包括一设置在挤出机外表面的加热器211，挤出装置2中部还设有一玻纤引入口212，该挤出机21可以为双螺杆挤出机或单螺杆或多螺杆挤出机。
玻纤加入装置4包括设置于玻纤引入口212上方的玻纤加热装置41，玻纤加热装置41通过多组玻纤通道42与一玻纤放置柜43相连接。
计量加料装置3设于挤出机21的挤出机加料口213上方并与挤出机加料口213相连通，玻纤加入装置4与玻纤引入口212相连通。
由上可见，本发明的成型设备仅设置一台挤出机21，进一步，玻纤通过玻纤加热装置41加热以后进入挤出机21的中部，被螺杆切割后直接与母料混合，不再有中间过渡的距离，并且母料首先在挤出机加料口213与玻纤引入口212之间的挤出机21中进行预热与混合，然后被推送至挤出机21中部与被剪切后的玻纤混炼，在玻纤引入口212至挤出机21的出料模头216之间玻纤与母料被混合均匀后挤出，由于只用了一台挤出机，就实现了玻纤在该挤出机中剪断与混炼，一方面避免了玻纤会架桥的问题，另一方面大大节省了电费、水费及人工等费用，并且还减少了其维护和保养的成本，通过加装玻纤加热装置使成品玻纤含量稳定，产品质量好。
图5是本发明的玻纤加热装置的结构示意图。
参阅图5所示，玻纤加热装置41包括多组用于张紧玻纤的张紧轮411，每个张紧轮411内部均设有一组加热棒412，加热棒412连接到支撑架413上，通过支撑架413固定到钢平台1上。本发明的优选实施例中，张紧轮411示例性的设置为4个，但本发明不限制于此，而是可以根据实际需要设置为更多或更少，例如2个，3个，5个，6个或更多。玻纤从玻纤放置柜43中抽出后，通过玻纤通道42进入玻纤加热装置41，玻纤加热装置41将玻纤引至张紧轮411上，加热棒412通过对张紧轮411加热，在热传递的作用下将热量传递给玻纤，实现玻纤的加热，加热玻纤可以将玻璃纤维中的水份蒸发，从而避免潮湿玻纤进入挤出机21而影响成品的质量，其次加热玻纤后可防止未被预热的冷纤维进入挤出机21内，会使熔融物料表面温度突然下降，造成熔融物料表层硬化流动性变差，不仅会使塑化效果差，而且还不利于混合均匀和浸润充分；再次，由于熔体变冷变稠在螺杆旋转挤出剪切作用下使纤维易于折断，影响制品的最终机械强度和质量。张紧轮411对玻纤进行张紧和加热时，有利于玻纤的拉紧和散开，便于玻纤与熔体更好的包覆。玻纤加热设备也可使用其他电加热设备加热玻纤，不影响本实施例的实施。
图6是本发明的玻纤引入衬套的结构示意图。
参阅图6所示，玻纤引入口212处设有一玻纤引入衬套214，玻纤引入衬套214上均匀设有多组玻纤穿入孔215。加热后的玻纤单独穿入每个玻纤穿入孔215，玻纤传入口215将每个玻纤分散支撑，进一步利于玻纤与挤出机21内的熔体相互包裹。
图7是本发明的切断装置与输送装置的结构示意图。
参阅图7所示，该成型设备还包括依次安装于挤出装置2的出料摸头216处的切断装置5与输送装置6，切断装置5用于将增强塑料成品定尺寸切断，输送装置6用于将被切断的增强塑料成品进行输送。输送装置6还设置有红外加热装置和保温装置，保证增强塑料成品的保温运输，为后续成型零件做准备。切断装置5包括一切刀架51，切刀架51上设有一切刀52，还包括一驱动切刀52运动的气动装置53，切刀52与输送装置6的运输平面61之间的夹角为60°，挤出装置2的出料摸头216与切刀52相互垂直。使用时可以通过控制装置控制气动装置53控制切刀52的切断频率，可以随意调整增强塑料成品的大小，切刀52与输送装置6的运输平面61具有夹角的目的是为了方便塑料成品从出料模头216至输送装置6过渡自然，防止磕碰或撞击而变形。
图8是本发明的计量加料装置的结构示意图。
参阅图8所示，计量加料装置3包括与挤出机加料口213相连接的加料斗317，设于加料斗317上部用于搅拌母料并向加料斗217加料的加料装置32，加料装置32的下部设有一用于计量加入母料重量的计量秤33，其上部设有一补料仓34。补料仓34用于为设备补料，其底部有气动控制阀，当计量称中物料小于设定值时，气动阀打开，补料仓中物料进入计量称中，当计量称中物料达到设定值上限时，气动阀关闭。实现一次循环补料过程。计量秤33用于精确控制每次加料的母料重量。可以通过自身的重量传感器检测加入下料斗213的量与设定的加料量值进行反馈，如果重量传感器检测值与设定值不等时，自动改变电机的转速，从而改变加料量，直至与设定值一致。实现精准控制。优选的，计量加料装置3有3套，沿加料斗317轴线均匀分布。
该成型设备还包括一与挤出机21相连接并用于为真空排气机筒218内抽真空的真空装置7，以及一用于为挤出机21降温的冷却水装置8，由于挤出机21内的混合物料受热、低分子物质分解而产生气体。玻纤加入时也带入大量气体，该抽真空装置将挤出机21内的低分子气体和夹杂的空气一起抽出，再通过挤出机21对物料进行机械挤压，增加了挤出机21内的混合物料密度，提高的成品质量，以及一用于为挤出机21降温的冷却水装置8，真空装置7在现有技术中很多，在此不一一敷述。
应当理解的是，本发明的上述具体实施方式仅仅用于示例性说明或解释本发明的原理，而不构成对本发明的限制。因此，在不偏离本发明的精神和范围的情况下所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。此外，本发明所附权利要求旨在涵盖落入所附权利要求范围和边界、或者这种范围和边界的等同形式内的全部变化和修改例。

Claims (8)

1.一种长纤维增强热塑料直接在线成型设备，包括：钢平台(1)；设置在所述钢平台(1)之下的挤出装置(2)，用于加热母料、剪切玻纤并使二者混合、糅炼；与所述挤出装置(2)相连接的计量加料装置(3)和玻纤加入装置(4)，其特征在于：
所述挤出装置(2)还包括设置在所述钢平台(1)下的挤出机(21)，以及设置在所述挤出机(21)外表面的加热器(211)，所述挤出装置(2)中部还设置有玻纤引入口(212)；
所述玻纤加入装置(4)还包括设置于所述玻纤引入口(212)上方的玻纤加热装置(41)，所述玻纤加热装置(41)通过多组玻纤通道(42)与一玻纤放置柜(43)相连接；以及
所述计量加料装置(3)设置在所述挤出装置(2)的挤出机(21)上方并与所述挤出机加料口(213)相连通，所述玻纤加入装置(4)与所述玻纤引入口(212)相连通；
该成型设备还包括依次设置在所述挤出装置(2)的出料模头(216)处的切断装置(5)与输送装置(6)；
所述切断装置(5)包括：
切刀架(51)，所述切刀架(51)上设有切刀(52)；
驱动所述切刀(52)运动的气动装置(53)；
其中，所述切刀(52)与所述输送装置(6)的运输平面(61)之间的夹角为60°，所述挤出装置(2)的出料模头(216)与所述切刀(52)相互垂直。
2.根据权利要求1所述的长纤维增强热塑料直接在线成型设备，其特征在于：所述玻纤加热装置(41)包括多组用于张紧玻纤的张紧轮(411)，每个所述张紧轮(411)内部均设有一组加热棒(412)，所述加热棒(412)通过一支撑架(413)与所述钢平台(1)相连接。
3.根据权利要求2所述的长纤维增强热塑料直接在线成型设备，其特征在于：所述玻纤引入口(212)处设有一玻纤引入衬套(214)，所述玻纤引入衬套(214)上均匀设有多组玻纤穿入孔(215)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的长纤维增强热塑料直接在线成型设备，其特征在于：所述切断装置(5)用于将增强塑料成品定尺寸切断，所述输送装置(6)用于将被切断的增强塑料成品进行输送。
5.根据权利要求4所述的长纤维增强热塑料直接在线成型设备，其特征在于：所述输送装置(6)还设置有红外加热装置和保温装置。
6.根据权利要求1所述的长纤维增强热塑料直接在线成型设备，其特征在于：所述计量加料装置(3)包括与挤出机加料口(213)相连接的加料斗(217)，设于所述加料斗(217)上部用于搅拌母料并向加料斗(217)加料的母料加料装置(32)，所述加料装置(32)的下部设有一用于计量加入母料重量的计量秤(33)，其上部设有一补料仓(34)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的长纤维增强热塑料直接在线成型设备，其特征在于：所述计量加料装置(3)沿所述加料斗(217)轴线均匀的设置有3套，分别用于添加母料、添加剂和回收料。
8.根据权利要求1所述的长纤维增强热塑料直接在线成型设备，其特征在于，该成型设备还包括：与所述挤出装置(2)相连接并用于为真空排气机筒(218)内抽真空的真空装置(7)，以及用于为挤出装置(2)降温的冷却水装置(8)。
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