TWI524593B - 向量產生器之數位振幅控制 - Google Patents

向量產生器之數位振幅控制 Download PDF

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TWI524593B
TWI524593B TW099111399A TW99111399A TWI524593B TW I524593 B TWI524593 B TW I524593B TW 099111399 A TW099111399 A TW 099111399A TW 99111399 A TW99111399 A TW 99111399A TW I524593 B TWI524593 B TW I524593B
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大衛W 高曼
珍妮佛 凱群
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凡爾賽特公司
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06GANALOGUE COMPUTERS
    • G06G7/00Devices in which the computing operation is performed by varying electric or magnetic quantities
    • G06G7/12Arrangements for performing computing operations, e.g. operational amplifiers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 
    • H01Q15/242Polarisation converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/36Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03HIMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H11/00Networks using active elements
    • H03H11/02Multiple-port networks
    • H03H11/36Networks for connecting several sources or loads, working on the same frequency band, to a common load or source

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Networks Using Active Elements (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Transceivers (AREA)

Description

向量產生器之數位振幅控制
本發明係有關於主動式向量產生器,尤其是關於向量產生器之數位振幅控制。
一種相位陣列天線使用多個輻射元件來傳送、接收或傳送與接收射頻(RF,“Radio frequency”)信號。相位陣列天線可用於多種用途,包括移動中通訊(COTM,“Communications on the move”)天線、衛星通訊(SATCOM,“Satellite communication”)空中終端機,SATCOM行動通訊與SATCOM地面終端機。行動終端機的應用基本上需要使用自動追蹤天線,其能夠以方位、高度及極化來操縱波束,以在車輛移動時跟隨衛星的位置。
一種熟知的相位陣列天線為一種電子式可操縱的相位陣列天線。該電子式可操縱的相位陣列天線具有完整的電子操縱能力,且比可相較的機械式相位陣列天線具有較小型與較低的輪廓。完全電子操縱的主要缺點在於該天線通常需要整合大量昂貴的類比RF電子組件,其會過度地提高商業應用之成本。一種典型的電子式可操縱的相位陣列天線包含相位偏移器、功率分離器、功率組合器及正交混合電路之組合件。此外,一種典型的電子式可操縱的相位陣列需要在該相位陣列中每一元件上具有至少幾個這些組件,這增加了該架構之成本與複雜性。
在一相位陣列天線中使用相位偏移器,以藉由控制通過該等相位偏移器之RF信號之該等各別相位來操縱該等信號之波束。一種典型的數位相位偏移器使用切換的延遲線,實體很大且由於其分散式性質而在一窄頻帶之上操作。另一種典型的數位相位偏移器實現一種切換的高通低通濾波器架構,其相較於切換式延遲線而言具有較佳的操作頻寬,但實體仍大。
同時,該相位偏移器通常製作在砷化鎵(GaAs)之上。雖然可使用其它材料,但是砷化鎵為一種較高品質的材料,其經設計並控制成提供電子裝置良好的效能。但是,除了比其它可能的材料為具有較高品質的材料,砷化鎵亦較為昂貴且更難以製造。該等典型的相位陣列組件佔據砷化鎵上許多面積,並造成較高的成本。再者,一標準相位偏移器具有高RF損耗,其基本上大約損耗n+1 dB,其中n為在該相位偏移器中相位位元的數目。另一先前技術具體實施例使用RF微機電系統(MEMS,“Microelectromechanical Systems”)開關,並具有較低的損耗,但仍耗用類似的空間,且通常不相容於單片式解決方案。
在一示例性具體實施例中,相位陣列天線應用實作主動式向量產生器,其中該等向量產生器具有振幅控制。在一示例性具體實施例中,具有振幅控制的一向量產生器使用一電流鏡乘法器的網路來數位地改變供應給一差動加法器的偏壓電流。藉由改變對該差動加法器的偏壓,由該網路產生而得到的向量之振幅可在二元化步驟中進行控制。在一示例性具體實施例中,具有振幅控制的一主動式向量產生器可相容於多波束系統,並可使用於寬的頻率範圍中,而允許一單一天線解決方案可在多個操作頻帶之上運作。
再者,在一示例性具體實施例中,加入振幅控制至該等主動式向量產生器可允許得到多種系統增進(system enhancements)。例如,一相位陣列天線系統可設置用於天線旁波瓣(sidelobe)管理之振幅縮減、干擾抑制之適應性無訊化、複雜波束加權及改善陣列校準中至少一項。再者,在一示例性具體實施例中,一向量產生器亦可設置成允許個別波束加權被關閉,其允許額外的系統彈性。
在一示例性具體實施例中,一主動式向量產生器設置成產生具有受控制相位與振幅的一合成向量,其中該主動式向量產生器產生具有獨立可變相位控制與獨立可變振幅控制之合成向量。再者,在另一示例性具體實施例中,一主動式向量產生器設置成產生一獨特數目的相位狀態,並設置成產生一獨特數目的振幅狀態。特別是,一示例性主動式向量產生器包含一數位到類比轉換器(DAC,“Digital-to-analog converter”),其設置成設定該合成向量的相位;一電流相乘開關網路,其設置成控制該合成向量的振幅;一可變電流乘法器,其設置成調整該合成向量的振幅;及一差動加法器,其設置成控制該合成向量的象限,並產生該合成向量。
此處所述之示例性具體實施例以充份的細節使得本技藝專業人士可實施本發明,應瞭解在不背離本發明之精神與範圍之下可實施其它具體實施例,並可進行邏輯材料、電性與機械性改變。因此,以下的實施方式僅為了例示之目的而呈現。
在一示例性具體實施例中,一向量產生器轉換一RF輸入信號成為一輸出信號(有時稱之為一輸出向量),其在相位及/或振幅上被偏移到一需要的位準。此可取代一典型的相位偏移器之功能,並加入振幅控制的能力。換言之,一向量產生器為一強度與相位控制電路。在該示例性具體實施例中,該向量產生器藉由饋送該RF輸入信號進入一造成相位差大約90°之兩個輸出信號的正交網路來達成此功能。該等兩個輸出信號被饋送到平行象限選擇電路當中,然後通過平行可變增益放大器(VGA,“Variable gain amplifier”)。在一示例性具體實施例中,該象限選擇電路接收命令,並可設置成傳送該等輸出信號但在它們之間不會有額外的相對相位偏移,或是以額外的180°倒轉該等輸出信號之任一者或兩者。依此方式,該360°連續體之所有四個可能象限可同時用於兩個正交信號。來自該電流加總器所得到的合成輸出信號在相位方面進行調變。
根據一示例性具體實施例並參照圖1,向量產生器100包含被動式同相位/正交相位(I/Q,“In-phase/Quadrature-phase”)產生器110、第一可變增益放大器(VGA) 120與第二VGA 121、第一象限選擇130與第二象限選擇131,其每一者設置用於相位倒轉切換,及電流加總器140。第一象限選擇130與I/Q產生器110及第一VGA 120進行通訊。第二象限選擇131與I/Q產生器110及第二VGA 121進行通訊。再者,在一示例性具體實施例中,向量產生器100包含數位控制器150,其控制第一數位到類比轉換器(DAC)160與第二DAC 161。第一與第二DAC 160、161分別控制第一與第二VGA 121、120。此外,數位控制器150控制第一與第二象限選擇130、131。
在一示例性具體實施例中,向量產生器100藉由分離一RF信號成為兩個獨立的向量,即該同相位(I)向量與該正交相位(Q)向量,以控制該RF信號的相位與振幅。在一具體實施例中,該RF信號係差動式傳遞。該差動RF信號通訊可遍及整個向量產生器100或限制於向量產生器100之多個部份。在另一示例性具體實施例中,該等RF信號為非差動式傳遞。該I向量與Q向量係平行地處理,每次通過該相位倒轉切換係由第一與第二象限選擇130、131執行。該等相位倒轉切換所得到的該等輸出包含四個可能的信號:一未倒轉I、一倒轉的I、一未倒轉Q、及一倒轉的Q。依此方式,一相量圖之所有四個象限可用於由VGA 120、121進一步處理。在一示例性具體實施例中,該等四個可能的信號未倒轉I、倒轉的I、未倒轉Q、及倒轉的Q中的兩個分別經由VGA 120、121進行處理,直到該等兩個選擇的信號在電流加總器140中組合來形成一合成的RF信號。電流加總器140輸出具有相位與振幅調整之合成的RF信號。在一示例性具體實施例中,該合成RF信號係為差動信號形式。在另一示例性具體實施例中,該等合成的RF信號係為單一端點形式。
在一示例性具體實施例中,對該象限偏移之控制與VGA功能係由一對DAC所提供。在一示例性具體實施例中,數位控制器150之重新設置允許相位位元之數目於向量產生器100被製造之後以數位方式控制,其係當存在著適當的DAC解析度與自動增益控制(AGC,“Automatic gain control”)動態範圍之下。在一具有適當DAC解析度與AGC動態範圍之示例性具體實施例中,任何需要的向量相位與振幅可藉由使用數位控制之可選擇的微細量化步驟來產生。在另一示例性具體實施例中,DAC 160、161之重新設置可在向量產生器100被製造之後進行,藉以便於該等向量振幅之調整。
根據一示例性具體實施例並參照圖2,一主動式向量產生器可設置成調整一信號的相位。該主動式向量產生器能夠產生一有限數目的獨特相位狀態,其係取決於該DAC的相位位元之數目。如前所述,該向量產生器接收一輸入信號,並產生一相位調整的合成向量。該合成向量為一I向量與一Q向量之組合。在此具體實施例中,該合成向量的振幅在該等獨特的相位狀態中之每一者內皆相同。在一示例性具體實施例中,由該等I及Q向量消耗的總電流為固定,且僅有該等兩個向量之電流比會改變。使用該等相位狀態之電流比的調整改變該合成向量的相位,而同時對於該等獨特相位狀態之每一者維持該合成向量的振幅。
在一示例性具體實施例中並參照圖3,所示為一主動式向量產生器的構要設計。在一示例性具體實施例中,主動式向量產生器300包含DAC 310與固定電流乘法器350。在另一示例性具體實施例中,主動式向量產生器300另包含差動加法器360。DAC 310輸出一I偏壓電流與一Q偏壓電流,其經由一電流鏡傳送到固定電流乘法器350。依此,固定電流乘法器350連接至差動加法器360。在此具體實施例中,固定電流乘法器350之乘數因子對於I向量與Q向量而言皆相同。
在一示例性具體實施例中,DAC 310由相位位元控制的一電晶體庫與相對應開關所構成。例如,圖3顯示四個相位位元與四個相對應的開關。但是,示例性DAC 310可包含任何數目之相位位元與相對應的開關。再者,Iref為一電流源,其建立被鏡像於其周邊以二元化方式變化的該電晶體庫的一基準電流。雖然該電晶體庫具有以二元化方式變化的該等周邊,可利用變化該等周邊之任何方法。在一示例性具體實施例中,DAC 310基於該等相位位元調整I向量與Q向量之間的電流比。在該DAC中的該等開關由該等輸入相位位元控制。特別是,DAC 310的該等開關由該等相位位元所控制,且不管來自該等二元化單元之電流是否被加入至該等偏壓電流。再者,該等偏壓電流被供應至在固定電流乘法器350中該等FET的閘極。
在一示例性具體實施例中,固定電流乘法器350將該等電流比乘以對於I向量與Q向量而言為相同的量。這可保存I與Q向量之間的振幅比,因此可保持所得到的相位為固定。該等相乘的I向量與Q向量被傳遞至差動加法器360。在一示例性具體實施例中,I向量與Q向量在被施加於差動加法器360之前被乘以「M」。「M」為關連於該等電流鏡之最終電晶體周邊之振幅比。
在一示例性具體實施例中,差動加法器360與VGA 120、121及向量產生器100之電流加總器140相同。再者,差動加法器360可為控制該合成向量位在哪個象限並組合兩個信號之任何組件。換言之,差動加法器360設置成相加I向量與Q向量,或加入一倒轉的I向量與一倒轉的Q向量。在此具體實施例中並無可變振幅控制;該合成向量之振幅在每個獨特的相位狀態中維持相同。
根據一示例性具體實施例並參照圖4,該圖所示為具有獨立相位控制與獨立振幅控制之一主動式向量產生器。如圖2所示,有限數目的獨特相位狀態之存在,係取決於控制位元的數目。特別是,該相位狀態的數目仍由該DAC之相位位元的數目所控制。但是,在該示例性具體實施例中,獨立的振幅控制允許調整該合成向量的振幅。該獨特振幅狀態的數目由振幅位元的數目所控制。
在一示例性具體實施例中並參照圖5,主動式向量產生器500包含DAC 510、電流相乘開關網路540、可變電流乘法器550及差動加法器560。DAC 510產生一I偏壓電流與一Q偏壓電流,其控制該合成向量的相位。DAC 510實質上類似於DAC 310,且將不會被詳細討論。在一示例性具體實施例中,該I偏壓電流與該Q偏壓電流通過一電流鏡,並被傳遞至電流相乘開關網路540。再者,在一示例性具體實施例中,電流相乘開關網路540經由不同電流鏡基準線傳遞該I偏壓電流與該Q偏壓電流至可變電流乘法器550,這由該等振幅位元所控制。
電流相乘開關網路540設置成實作主動式向量產生器500之合成向量的分離振幅狀態。在一示例性具體實施例中,電流乘法開關網路540包含在電流鏡基準線中的複數開關。每條電流鏡基準線連接至該電流鏡,其接收該I偏壓電流或該Q偏壓電流。再者,每條電流鏡基準線亦連接至可變電流乘法器550之數位控制的乘法器中之一者。特別是,在一示例性具體實施例中,該I偏壓電流經由多條電流鏡基準線連接至該I向量之該等數位控制的乘法器之每一者。同樣地,在該示例性具體實施例中,該Q偏壓電流經由多條電流鏡基準線連接至該Q向量之該等數位控制的乘法器之每一者。該等電流鏡基準線之每一者包括一開關,其基於該等振幅位元完成或中斷該信號路徑。例如,圖5顯示在電流相乘開關網路540中三個振幅位元與總共六個開關,三個開關控制該Q偏壓向量路徑,而三個開關控制該I偏壓向量路徑至可變電流乘法器550。在一具體實施例中,該等振幅位元線在性質上為單一端點。在另一具體實施例中,該等振幅位元線對於加入的控制在本質上為差動式。例如,可利用差動發信來提供場域限定,並可改善線與線之間的隔離。
在一示例性具體實施例中,可變電流乘法器550並非一固定電流乘法器,而是包含一乘法器庫,其可由該等振幅位元數位地控制。在一示例性具體實施例中,該I偏壓向量與該Q偏壓向量被傳遞至該等數位控制之乘法器庫。在一示例性具體實施例中,可變電流乘法器550之該等電晶體周邊以二元化方式改變其大小,使得所得到的向量在振幅上變化,而保持由DAC 510建立的相位資訊。例如,振幅控制之三個位元關連於每個向量的八個振幅狀態,即在大小為M的段差中,0到7M之間。但是,可有大於2個之任何數目的振幅位元,藉以得到振幅調整。
在一示例性具體實施例中,差動加法器560與VGA 120、121及電流加總器140相同。差動加法器560控制該合成向量所在之象限。換言之,差動加法器560設置成相加該I向量與Q向量,或加入一倒轉的I向量或一倒轉的Q向量。對於數個或所有的該等二元化元件而言,具有開關亦有多種好處。在一示例性具體實施例中,關閉或實質上降低至差動加法器560的該直流(DC,“Direct Current”)電流可節省功率。在另一示例性具體實施例中,設置該等開關的開/關狀態允許隔離多種信號路徑與二元化元件,其可用於陣列校準。在陣列校準的一示例性具體實施例中,除了一個路徑之外,在電流相乘開關網路540之陣列之內的所有RF路徑皆被關閉。仍保持開啟的該個剩餘路徑測量該振幅與相位反應。在一示例性具體實施例中,該振幅與相位反應資料由一主機系統儲存在一陣列校準查詢表中。依此方式,所有的RF路徑可獨立於所有其它路徑之外而校準。
以下的申請案皆關於本發明標的:美國專利申請編號        ,名為「主動式巴特勒與布拉斯矩陣」(ACTIVE BUTLER AND BLASS MATRICES),其係與本申請案同時立案(註冊編號36956.7100);美國專利申請編號        ,名為「天線系統的主動混合電路」(ACTIVE HYBRIDS FOR ANTENNA SYSTEMS),其係與本申請案同時立案(註冊編號36956.7200);美國專利申請編號        ,名為「主動前饋放大器」(ACTIVE FEED FORWARD AMPLIFIER),其係與本申請案同時立案(註冊編號36956.7300);美國專利申請編號        ,名為「主動式相位陣列架構」(ACTIVE PHASED ARRAY ARCHITECTURE),其係與本申請案同時立案(註冊編號36956.7600);美國專利申請編號        ,名為「前置選擇器放大器」(PRESELECTOR AMPLIFIER),其係與本申請案同時立案(註冊編號36956.6800);美國專利申請編號        ,名為「主動式功率分離器」(ACTIVE POWER SPLITTER),其係與本申請案同時立案(註冊編號36956.8700);美國專利申請編號        ,名為「半雙工相位陣列天線系統),其係與本申請案同時立案(註冊編號55424.0500);其內容皆在此完整參照以任何用途來加以合併。
優點、其它好處與對問題之解決方案已在以上參照特定具體實施例加以說明。但是,可產生任何優點、好處或即將發生或可成為更明確的解決方案之任何優點、好處或解決方案及任何元件皆不應視為任何或所有申請專利範圍之關鍵、必須或基本特徵或元件。如此處所使用者,該等術語「包括」(「includes」,「including」”),「包含」(「comprises」,「comprising」)或其任何其它變化皆係要涵蓋非排他性包含,使得包含一元件清單之程序、方法、物件或設備不僅包括那些元件,而可包括未明確列出或隱含於這些程序、方法、物件或設備中的其它元件。另外,此處所述之元件皆非實施本發明之必要元件,除非另以「基本」或「關鍵」之詞做明確描述。
100...向量產生器
110...被動式I/Q產生器
120...第一可變增益放大器
121...第二可變增益放大器
130...第一象限選擇
131...第二象限選擇
140...電流加總器
150...數位控制器
160...第一數位到類比轉換器
161...第二數位到類比轉換器
300...主動式向量產生器
310...數位到類比轉換器
350...固定電流乘法器
360...差動加法器
500...主動式向量產生器
510...數位到類比轉換器
540...電流相乘開關網路
550...可變電流乘法器
560...差動加法器
若要對本發明有較完整的理解,可參考實施方式與申請專利範圍並配合參考附屬圖式,其中類似參考編號代表所有圖式中的類似元件,且:
圖1為一主動式向量產生器之示例性具體實施例;
圖2為在一示例性向量產生器中獨特相位狀態之圖形化表示;
圖3為具有相位控制之一主動式向量產生器的示例性具體實施例之示意圖;
圖4為在一示例性向量產生器中獨特相位與振幅狀態之圖形化表示;及
圖5為具有相位與振幅控制之一主動式向量產生器的示例性具體實施例之示意圖。
100...向量產生器
110...被動式I/Q產生器
120...第一可變增益放大器
121...第二可變增益放大器
130...第一象限選擇
131...第二象限選擇
140...電流加總器
150...數位控制器
160...第一數位到類比轉換器
161...第二數位到類比轉換器

Claims (20)

  1. 一種主動式向量產生器,設置成產生具有受控制的相位與振幅之一合成向量,該主動式向量產生器包含:一數位到類比轉換器(DAC),設置成設定該合成向量的相位,其中該數位到類比轉換器藉由設定該合成向量的一同相位(I)向量與一正交相位(Q)向量而設定該合成向量的相位;一電流相乘開關網路,設置成控制該合成向量的振幅;一可變電流乘法器,設置成將該I向量、Q向量兩者分別乘上一共同因子,以縮放該合成向量的振幅;一差動加法器,設置成藉由組合該I向量、Q向量而控制該合成向量的象限,並產生該合成向量;及一數位到類比控制器,具有一組不同於一組振幅位元的相位位元,其中該組相位位元係設置成控制該數位到類比轉換器,且該組振幅位元係設置成控制該電流相乘開關網路。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之主動式向量產生器,其中該主動式向量產生器係設置成產生一獨特數目的相位狀態,並設置成產生該合成向量之一獨特數目的振幅狀態。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項之主動式向量產生器,其中該主動式向量產生器為一相位陣列天線系統的一部份。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第3項之主動式向量產生器,其中該相位陣列天線系統係設置用於天線旁波瓣管理之振幅縮減、干擾抑制之適應性無訊化、複雜波束加權及改善陣列校準中至少一項。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項之主動式向量產生器,其中該主動式向量產生器產生具有獨立可變相位控制與獨立可變振幅控制之該合成向量。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項之主動式向量產生器,其中該合成向量之一有限數目的相位狀態係取決於該組相位位元,且其中該合成向量之一有限數目的振幅狀態係取決於該組振幅位元。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第1項之主動式向量產生器,其中該可變電流乘法器藉由數位地改變供應給該差動加法器的偏壓電流而調整該合成向量的振幅。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第1項之主動式向量產生器,其中該可變電流乘法器具有以二元化方式改變大小之周邊,以便在保持相位資訊時使所得到的向量在振幅上變化。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第1項之主動式向量產生器,其中該可變電流乘法器包含多個電晶體,該些電晶體具有以二元化方式改變大小之周邊。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第1項之主動式向量產生器,其中該可變電流乘法器促進該合成向量之振幅的二元控制。
  11. 一種產生合成向量的方法,該合成向量具有經控制之相 位與振幅,該方法包含:藉由一組相位位元所控制之一數位到類比轉換器(DAC),決定一所欲之該合成向量之相位偏移,並設定一同相位(I)向量與一正交相位(Q)向量之對應的相對振幅,以達成該所欲之相位偏移;藉由一組振幅位元所控制之一電流相乘開關網路,決定一所欲之該合成向量之振幅;藉由一可變電流乘法器,將該I向量、Q向量兩者分別乘上一共同因子,以在維持該所欲之該合成向量的相位偏移時,達成該所欲之振幅;以及藉由一差動加法器,組合該I向量、Q向量以產生具有該所欲之相位偏移與該所欲之振幅的該合成向量。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第11項之方法,其中該合成向量具有獨立可變相位控制與獨立可變振幅控制。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第11項之方法,其中該合成向量之一有限數目的相位狀態係取決於該組相位位元,且其中一有限數目的振幅狀態係取決於該合成向量之該組振幅位元。
  14. 如申請專利範圍第11項之方法,其中該可變電流乘法器藉由數位地改變供應給該差動加法器的偏壓電流而調整該合成向量的振幅。
  15. 如申請專利範圍第11項之方法,其中該可變電流乘法器包含多個電晶體,該些電晶體具有以二元化方式改變大小之周 邊。
  16. 一種主動式向量產生器,包含:一數位到類比轉換器(DAC),由相位位元控制並設置成決定一合成向量之一所欲的相位偏移,其中該數位到類比轉換器設置成設定一同相位(I)向量與一正交相位(Q)向量之對應的相對振幅,以達成該所欲的相位偏移;一電流相乘開關網路,由振幅位元控制並設置成決定該合成向量之一所欲的振幅;一可變電流乘法器,設置成將該I向量、Q向量兩者分別乘上一共同因子,以在維持該合成向量之該所欲的相位偏移時,達成該所欲的振幅;及一差動加法器,設置成組合該I向量、Q向量以產生具有該所欲之相位偏移與該所欲之振幅的該合成向量。
  17. 如申請專利範圍第16項之主動式向量產生器,其中該主動式向量產生器所產生之該合成向量具有獨立可變相位控制與獨立可變振幅控制。
  18. 如申請專利範圍第16項之主動式向量產生器,其中該合成向量之一有限數目的相位狀態係取決於該些相位位元,且其中一有限數目的振幅狀態係取決於該合成向量之該些振幅位元。
  19. 如申請專利範圍第16項之主動式向量產生器,其中該可變電流乘法器藉由數位地改變供應給該差動加法器的偏壓電流 而調整該合成向量的振幅。
  20. 如申請專利範圍第16項之主動式向量產生器,其中該可變電流乘法器包含多個電晶體,該些電晶體具有以二元化方式改變大小之周邊。
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