TWI511785B - 錯合物及其合成方法,與氫化矽烷化之方法及由其製得之氫化矽烷化組合物 - Google Patents
錯合物及其合成方法,與氫化矽烷化之方法及由其製得之氫化矽烷化組合物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI511785B TWI511785B TW099122883A TW99122883A TWI511785B TW I511785 B TWI511785 B TW I511785B TW 099122883 A TW099122883 A TW 099122883A TW 99122883 A TW99122883 A TW 99122883A TW I511785 B TWI511785 B TW I511785B
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- Prior art keywords
- group
- unsaturated
- complex
- alkyl
- substituted
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 238000006459 hydrosilylation reaction Methods 0.000 title 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000006702 (C1-C18) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 5
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-NJFSPNSNSA-N decane Chemical class CCCCCCCCC[14CH3] DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000412 dendrimer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000736 dendritic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- YLQWCDOCJODRMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoren-9-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 YLQWCDOCJODRMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003747 Grignard reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005234 alkyl aluminium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008378 aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- BOLDJAUMGUJJKM-LSDHHAIUSA-N renifolin D Natural products CC(=C)[C@@H]1Cc2c(O)c(O)ccc2[C@H]1CC(=O)c3ccc(O)cc3O BOLDJAUMGUJJKM-LSDHHAIUSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- JFJNVIPVOCESGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dipyridin-2-ylpyridine Chemical class N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CN=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 JFJNVIPVOCESGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006146 oximation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RJGDLRCDCYRQOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthrone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3CC2=C1 RJGDLRCDCYRQOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DRTZAIDVOGUYSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-1-ium;chloride;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.C1=CC=NC=C1 DRTZAIDVOGUYSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- XAYDWGMOPRHLEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-ethenyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane Chemical compound C1CCCC2OC21C=C XAYDWGMOPRHLEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- VVJKKWFAADXIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Allylamine Chemical compound NCC=C VVJKKWFAADXIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical class [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960005286 carbaryl Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229960002089 ferrous chloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005394 methallyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000007152 ring opening metathesis polymerisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000006657 (C1-C10) hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003837 (C1-C20) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NWRZGFYWENINNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-tris(ethenyl)cyclohexane Chemical compound C=CC1CCCCC1(C=C)C=C NWRZGFYWENINNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SGPZQRDTKWINJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4-triphenylpyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 SGPZQRDTKWINJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001494 2-propynyl group Chemical group [H]C#CC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical class [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008645 Chenopodium bonus henricus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000138502 Chenopodium bonus henricus Species 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical class C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical class [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical class [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical class [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013006 addition curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004791 alkyl magnesium halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005937 allylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010210 aluminium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002490 anilino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-MZWXYZOWSA-N benzene-d6 Chemical compound [2H]C1=C([2H])C([2H])=C([2H])C([2H])=C1[2H] UHOVQNZJYSORNB-MZWXYZOWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- WHGYBXFWUBPSRW-FOUAGVGXSA-N beta-cyclodextrin Chemical compound OC[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O)O[C@H]2O[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O3)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O[C@@H]1CO WHGYBXFWUBPSRW-FOUAGVGXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004853 betadex Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical class [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon carbon Chemical compound C.C CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000640 cyclooctyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- RAABOESOVLLHRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diazene Chemical compound N=N RAABOESOVLLHRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000071 diazene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003100 immobilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004698 iron complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DNMDCLUUBGIUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;2-pyridin-2-ylpyridine Chemical compound [Fe].N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 DNMDCLUUBGIUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002730 mercury Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000005298 paramagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical class [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical class [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Substances C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHRNULOCNSKMGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran thf Chemical compound C1CCOC1.C1CCOC1 WHRNULOCNSKMGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JDYCKPYEJSVMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl(hex-1-enyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCC=C[Si](CC)(CC)CC JDYCKPYEJSVMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
本發明大體上係關於含過渡金屬之化合物,更具體言之係關於含錳、鐵、鈷或鎳錯合物之三聯吡啶配位體及其等作為有效及選擇性氫化矽烷化催化劑之用途。
本申請案主張2009年7月10日申請之美國臨時申請案第61/224,609號之優先權,該案之全部內容係以引用之方式併入本文中。
一般包括甲矽烷基氫化物與不飽和有機基團間的反應之氫化矽烷化化學係生產商用以矽酮為主之產品(如矽酮界面活性劑、矽酮流體及矽烷)以及許多加成型固化產品(如密封劑、黏著劑及以矽酮為主之塗覆產品)之合成路徑之基礎。迄今,氫化矽烷化反應一般係藉由諸如鉑或銠金屬錯合物之貴金屬催化劑催化。
各種貴金屬錯合物催化劑係於技術中已知。例如,美國專利第3,775,452號揭示以配位體形式之含鉑錯合物之不飽和矽氧烷。此類催化劑稱為Karstedt's催化劑。文獻中描述的其他例示性基於鉑之氫化矽烷化催化劑包括如揭示於美國專利第3,159,601號中之Ashby's催化劑,如揭示於美國專利第3,220,972號中之Lamoreaux's催化劑,及如揭示於Speier,J.L.,Webster J.A.及Barnes G.H.,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 79,974(1957)中之Speier's催化劑。
雖然已廣泛接受此等貴金屬錯合物催化劑為氫化矽烷化反應之催化劑,但其等具有許多明顯缺點。一缺點係貴金屬錯合物催化劑在催化某些反應中效果不佳。例如,就利用貴金屬錯合物催化劑之烯丙基聚醚與矽酮氫化物的氫化矽烷化而言,需使用相對矽酮氫化物為過量之烯丙基聚醚以彌補催化劑之效率不足來確保矽酮氫化物完全轉化為有用產物。當氫化矽烷化反應結束時,此過量烯丙基聚醚必須:(A)藉由額外步驟移除,此並不節約成本,或(B)殘留於產物中,導致此產物於最終應用中性能降低。另外,利用過量烯丙基聚醚一般會產生顯著量諸如烯烴異構體之不期望的副產物,其會形成不期望的散發氣味之副產物化合物。
貴金屬錯合物催化劑之另一缺點係其等有時無法有效催化包括某些類型反應物之氫化矽烷化反應。已知貴金屬錯合物催化劑易受諸如磷及胺化合物之催化劑毒物的影響。因此,針對包括不飽和胺化合物之氫化矽烷化,技術中已知之貴金屬催化劑通常不能有效促進此等不飽和胺化合物與Si氫化物物質間的直接反應,且經常形成不期望之異構體之混合物。
此外,歸因於貴金屬之較高價格,含貴金屬之催化劑可佔矽酮調配物成本中之重要比例。最近,由於包括鉑之貴金屬的全球需求增加,故推動鉑之價格創新高,從而需要有效的低成本替代催化劑。
作為貴金屬之替代物,最近已關注某些鐵錯合物用作氫化矽烷化催化劑。技術期刊文章已說明性地揭示Fe(CO)5
在高溫下催化氫化矽烷化反應(Nesmeyanov,A.N.等人,Tetrahedron 1962,17,61)、(Corey,J.Y.等人,J. Chem. Rev. 1999,99,175)、(C. Randolph,M.S. Wrighton,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 108(1986) 3366)。然而,亦會因脫氫矽烷化形成諸如不飽和甲矽烷基烯烴之不為所需的副產物。
在苯胺環之鄰位具有異丙基取代基的含五配位Fe(II)錯合物的吡啶二亞胺(PDI)配位體用於氫化矽烷化不飽和烴(1-己烯),得到諸如PhSiH3
或Ph2
SiH2
之一級與二級矽烷(Bart等人,J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2004,126,13794)(Archer,A.M.等人Organometallics 2006,25,4269)。然而,此等催化劑之一限制係其等僅對前述一級與二級經苯基取代之矽烷有效,且對諸如Et3
SiH之例如三級或經烷基取代之矽烷或對諸如(EtO)3
SiH之經烷氧基取代之矽烷無效。
美國專利第5,955,555、6,461,994、6,657,026、7,053,020、7,148,304及7,442,819號亦已揭示其他金屬-PDI錯合物。然而,於此等參考文獻中揭示的催化劑及催化劑體系如所述係用於烯烴聚合及/或寡聚,非用於氫化矽烷化反應。
先前技術中亦已知某些其他三齒金屬錯合物。例如,WO 02/088289揭示金屬三聯吡啶錯合物。然而,該公開案關注此等金屬錯合物作為氧化催化劑之用途,特別用於改良過氧化物於處理織物材料之作用。並未揭示或暗示此等錯合物之其他用途。
如此,應瞭解在氫化矽烷化工業中存在對選擇性及有效性催化氫化矽烷化反應有效之非貴金屬基催化劑之持續需求。本發明提供彼需求之一個答案。
在一態樣中,本發明提供一種式(I)錯合物:
其中:G係Mn、Fe、Ni或Co;R1
、R2
、R3
、R4
、R5
、R6
、R7、
R8
、R9
、R10
及R11
係獨立地為氫、C1
-C18
烷基、C1
-C18
經取代之烷基、芳基、經取代之芳基或惰性官能基,其中R1
-R11
(除氫以外)視需要含有至少一雜原子;且其中R4
與R5
及/或R7
與R8
係視需要地連在一起以形成飽和或不飽和環狀或多環結構之經取代或未經取代之環;及L1
與L2
係獨立地為C1
-C18
烷基、C1
-C18
經取代之烷基、芳基或經取代之芳基,其中L1
與L2
視需要含有至少一雜原子,其條件為當雜原子為氧時,其不能直接鍵結於G。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供一種用於氫化矽烷化含有甲矽烷基氫化物與含有至少一不飽和基團之化合物之組合物的方法。該方法包括步驟(i)視需要在溶劑存在下,使該組合物與式(I)金屬錯合物接觸以使甲矽烷基氫化物與含至少一不飽和基團之化合物反應,得到含金屬錯合物之氫化矽烷化產物,及(ii)視需要自氫化矽烷化產物移除金屬錯合物。
在本發明之一實施例中,提供一種式(I)錯合物
關於此式,G可係以所有價態之Mn、Fe、Ni或Co。較佳地,G係鐵或鈷。更佳地,G係Fe,諸如Fe(II)及Fe(III)。
在式(I)中,R1
、R2
、R3
、R4
、R5
、R6
、R7、
R8
、R9
、R10
及R11
係獨立地為氫、C1
-C18
烷基、C1
-C18
經取代之烷基、芳基、經取代之芳基或惰性官能基,其中R1
-R11
(除氫以外)視需要含有至少一雜原子;且其中R4
與R5
及/或R7
與R8
係視需要地連在一起以形成飽和或不飽和環狀或多環結構之經取代或未經取代之環。在一實施例中,R6
係芳基或經取代之芳基,而R1
-R5
、R7-
R11
係氫。在另一實施例中,R1
-R11
係氫。
亦於式(I)中,L1
與L2
係獨立地為C1
-C18
烷基、C1
-C18
經取代之烷基、芳基或經取代之芳基,其中L1
與L2
視需要含有至少一雜原子,其條件為當雜原子為氧時,其不能直接鍵結於G。在一實施例中,L1
與L2
中之每一者係經由碳原子共價鍵結於G。在另一實施例中,L1
與L2
不含有β氫。一般地,α碳係指連接於G之碳。延伸之,β碳係指連接於α碳之碳。如本文所用,β氫意指連接於β碳之氫。較佳地,L1
與L2
係CH2
SiR20 3
,其中每次出現之R20
係C1
-C18
烷基、C1
-C18
經取代之烷基、芳基或經取代之芳基,R20
較佳係甲基。
如本文所用,「烷基」包括直鏈、分支鏈及環狀烷基。烷基之具體及非限制實例包括(但不限於)甲基、乙基、丙基及異丁基。
關於本文中之「經取代之烷基」,其意指含有在含此等基團之化合物所處的製程條件下為惰性之一或多個取代基之烷基。取代基實質上亦不會干擾製程。
關於本文中之「芳基」,其意指已移除一個氫原子之任何芳香族烴的非限制群。芳基可具有一或多個可經稠合、由單鍵或其他基團連接之芳香環。芳基之特定及非限制實例包括(但不限於)甲苯基、二甲苯基、苯基及萘基。
關於本文中之「經取代之芳基」,其意指如「經取代之烷基」的以上定義中所闡述經取代的芳香族基。與芳基相似,經取代之芳基可具有一或多個可經稠合、由單鍵或其他基團連接之芳香環;然而,當經取代之芳基具有雜芳香環時,經取代之芳基中之自由價可為雜芳香環之雜原子(諸如氮)而非碳。若非另有指明,則本文中經取代之芳基較佳含有1至約30個碳原子。
關於本文中之「惰性官能基」,其意指在含該基團之化合物所處的製程條件下為惰性之除了烴基或經取代之烴基以外的基團。該等惰性官能基實質上亦不會干擾含有該等惰性官能基之化合物可參與的任何本文所述製程。惰性官能基之實例包括鹵素(氟、氯、溴及碘)、諸如-OR30
之醚,其中R30
係烴基或經取代之烴基。
本文中之「雜原子」意指第13族至第17族元素中除了碳以外之任一者,且可包括(例如)氧、氮、矽、硫、磷、氟、氯、溴、碘及其組合。
可用各種方法製備式(I)錯合物。在本發明之一實施例中,提供一種合成式(I)錯合物之方法。該方法包括令式(II)錯合物與含選自由鹼金屬鹽、鹼土金屬鹽、格利雅(Grignards)、烷基鋁、烷基汞、烷基鉈及其組合組成之群的烷化劑之至少一L反應之步驟,其中式(II)係:
其中G係Mn、Fe、Ni或Co;R1
、R2
、R3
、R4
、R5
、R6
、R7、
R8
、R9
、R10
及R11
係獨立地為氫、C1
-C18
烷基、C1
-C18
經取代之烷基、芳基、經取代之芳基或惰性官能基,其中R1
-R11
(除氫以外)視需要含有至少一雜原子;且其中R4
與R5
及/或R7
與R8
係視需要地連在一起以形成飽和或不飽和環狀或多環結構之經取代或未經取代之環;X係諸如F、Cl、Br、I、CF3
R40
SO3 -
或R50
COO-
之陰離子,其中R40
係共價鍵或C1
-C6
烷基,且R50
係C1
-C10
烴基;及每次出現之L係獨立地為C1
-C18
烷基、C1
-C18
經取代之烷基、芳基或經取代之芳基。在一些實施例中,L視需要含有至少一雜原子。
如本文所用,鹼金屬鹽包括例如鋰、鈉、鉀、銣及銫之單烷基鹽。鹼土金屬鹽包括例如鈹、鎂、鈣、鍶及鋇之二烷基鹽。適用於本發明之格利雅包括烷基鹵化鎂。烷基鋁包括例如三烷基鋁鹽。烷基汞係指二烷基汞鹽。烷基鉈包括單烷基及三烷基鉈鹽。
本文所揭示之金屬錯合物係可用作氫化矽烷化反應之催化劑。當用作催化劑時,式(I)錯合物可未經負載或固定於例如碳、矽石、氧化鋁、MgCl2
、氧化鋯之支持物材料上或例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯或聚(胺基苯乙烯)之聚合物或預聚物上。金屬錯合物亦可負載於樹枝狀聚合物上。
在一些實施例中,為將本發明之金屬錯合物連接於支持物,期望金屬錯合物之R1
至R11
中之至少一者,較佳R6
具有一有效共價鍵合於支持物之官能基。例示性官能基包括(但不限於)SH、COOH、NH2
或OH基。
在一實施例中,經矽石負載的催化劑可經由文獻中所述之開環易位聚合反應(ROMP)技術而製備,例如Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2001,202,第5期,第645-653頁;Journal of Chromatography A,1025(2003) 65-71。
一種將催化劑固定於樹枝狀聚合物表面上之方法係Si-Cl鍵結之母體樹枝狀聚合物與官能化之三聯吡啶之在鹼存在下之如Kim等人在Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 673(2003) 77-83中所述之反應。
在一實施例中,式(I)錯合物係用作氫化矽烷化含甲矽烷基氫化物及具有至少一不飽和基團之化合物之組合物的催化劑。該方法包括使該組合物與經負載或未經負載之式(I)金屬錯合物接觸,以使甲矽烷基氫化物與具有至少一不飽和基團之化合物反應,得到含有金屬錯合物催化劑之氫化矽烷化產物。氫化矽烷化反應可視需要在溶劑存在下進行。若須要,當氫化矽烷化反應結束時,可藉由磁分離及/或過濾自反應產物移除金屬錯合物。
關於「不飽和」,其意指一或多個雙鍵或三鍵。在一較佳實施例中,其係指碳碳雙鍵或三鍵。
用於氫化矽烷化反應中之甲矽烷基氫化物不受到特定限制。其可係選自由Ra
SiH4-a
、(RO)a
SiH4-a
、Qu
Tv
Tp H
Dw
DH x
MH y
Mz
及其組合組成之群的任何化合物。甲矽烷基氫化物可含有直鏈、分支鏈或環狀結構,或其組合。如本文所用,每次出現之R係獨立地為C1
-C18
烷基、C1
-C18
經取代之烷基,其中R視需要含有至少一雜原子,每次出現之a獨立地具有1至3之值,各u、v、p、y及z獨立地為0至20之值,各w及x獨立地具有0至500之值,其條件為p+x+y等於1至500,且滿足甲矽烷基氫化物中之所有元素的化合價。較佳地,u、v、p、y及z各獨立地具有0至10之值,w及x各獨立地具有0至100之值,且p+x+y等於1至100。
如本文所用,「M」基團表示式R'3
SiO1/2
之單官能基,「D」基團表示式R'2
SiO2/2
之雙官能基,「T」基團表示式R'SiO3/2
之三官能基,及「Q」基團表示式SiO4/2
之四官能基,「MH
」基團表示Hg
R'3-g
SiO1/2
,「TH
」表示HSiO3/2
,及「DH
」基團表示R'HSiO2/2
。如本文所用,g係0至3。每次出現之R'係獨立地為C1
-C18
烷基,C1
-C18
經取代之烷基,其中R'視需要含有至少一雜原子。
氫化矽烷化反應中所用之含不飽和基團的化合物包括(但不限於)不飽和聚醚,諸如經烷基封端之烯丙基聚醚,乙烯基官能化之經烷基封端之烯丙基或甲基烯丙基聚醚;末端不飽和胺;炔類;C2
-C18
烯烴,較佳α烯烴;不飽和環烷基環氧化物,諸如乙烯基環己烷環氧化物;末端不飽和丙烯酸酯或丙烯酸甲酯;不飽和芳基醚;不飽和芳香烴;不飽和環烷烴,諸如三乙烯基環己烷;乙烯基官能化之聚合物;乙烯基官能化之矽烷及乙烯基官能化之矽酮。
適用於氫化矽烷化反應之不飽和聚醚較佳係具有以下通式之聚環氧烷:
R1
(OCH2
CH2
)z
(OCH2
CHR3
)w
-OR2
(式VIII)或
R2
O(CHR3
CH2
O)w
(CH2
CH2
O)z
-CR4 2
-C≡C-CR4 2
-(OCH2
CH2
)z
(OCH2
CHR3
)w
R2
(式X)或
H2
C=CR4
CH2
O(CH2
OCH2
)z
(CH2
OCHR3
)w
CH2
CR4
=CH2
(式XI)
其中R1
指示含2至10個碳原子之不飽和有機基團,諸如烯丙基、甲基烯丙基、炔丙基或3-戊炔基。當不飽和係烯烴系時,其較佳係利於氫化矽烷化順利進行的端基。然而,當不飽和係三鍵時,其在內部。R2
係氫、乙烯基或1至8個碳原子之聚醚封端基,諸如烷基:CH3
、正-C4
H9
、第三-C4
H9
或異-C8
H17
;醯基,諸如CH3
COO、第三-C4
H9
COO;β-酮酯基,諸如CH3
C(O)CH2
C(O)O或三烷基甲矽烷基。R3
及R4
係單價烴基,諸如C1
-C20
烷基,例如甲基、乙基、異丙基、2-乙基己基、十二烷基及十八烷基或芳基,例如苯基與萘基或烷芳基,例如苯甲基、苯乙基及壬基苯基,或環烷基,例如環己基與環辛基。R4
亦可為氫。甲基係最佳R3
及R4
基。每次出現之z係0至100(包括0及100)且每次出現之w係0至100(包括0及100)。z與w之較佳值係1至50(包括1及50)。
式(I)之金屬錯合物係用於催化各種工業實際氫化矽烷化反應。例如,此等錯合物可用於包括(1)矽酮氫化物流體與末端不飽和聚合物之交聯及(2)烯丙基胺與三級矽烷之氫化矽烷化之反應。因此,本發明之金屬錯合物可用於製備有用矽酮產品,包括(但不限於)塗料(例如脫模塗料)、室溫硫化橡膠、密封劑與黏著劑,用於農業及個人護理應用之產品,及用於穩定聚胺酯發泡體之矽酮界面活性劑。
當本發明之金屬錯合物用作氫化矽烷化反應之催化劑時,其具有效性及選擇性。例如,當本發明之金屬錯合物係用於經烷基封端之烯丙基聚醚與含不飽和基團之化合物之氫化矽烷化反應時,反應產物實質上不含未反應之經烷基封端的烯丙基聚醚及其異構化產物。在一實施例中,反應產物不含有未反應之經烷基封端的烯丙基聚醚及其異構化產物。此外,當含不飽和基團之化合物係不飽和胺化合物時,氫化矽烷化產物實質上不含內位加成產物,未反應之不飽和胺及不飽和胺化合物之異構化產物。如本文所用,「實質上不含」係意指以氫化矽烷化產物之總重量計之不超過10%,較佳不超過5%。「實質上不含內位加成產物」係意指將矽加成至末端碳。
以下實例係意欲闡述,但不以任何方式限制本發明之範疇。所有份及百分比係以重量計且所有溫度係以攝氏度表示,除非另有明確指明。在本申請案中參考的所有公開案與US專利案之全文係以引用之方式併入本文中。
概論:
所有空氣及水分敏感操作係利用標準真空管、Schlenk及套管技術或在含有純氮氣氛之MBraun惰性氣氛乾燥箱中進行。先利用文獻步驟去水及去氧處理用於空氣及水分敏感操作之溶劑。參見實例Pangborn等人,J. Organometallics 1996,15,1518。
使用以下縮寫與術語:
bs-寬單峰
s-單峰
t-三重峰
bm-寬多重峰
GC-氣相層析
MS-質譜
THF-四氫呋喃
實例1 三聯吡啶二氯化鐵(II)之製備
在惰性氣氛中,使閃爍瓶裝有0.233 g(1.0 mmol)三聯吡啶及0.126 g(1.0 mmol)之氯化亞鐵。將約20 mL無水THF加入該混合物中並攪拌所得漿液過夜。然後加入約50 mL戊烷,得到紫色固體沉澱。收集固體並真空乾燥,得到0.345 g(96%)之三聯吡啶二氯化鐵(II)。將該樣品與先前報導化合物相吡。參見Reiff,William M.;Erickson,N. E.;Baker,Willie Arthur,Jr. Mono(2,2',2"-terpyridine) complexes of iron(II). Inorganic Chemistry(1969),8(9),2019-21。
實例2 雙[(三甲基甲矽烷基)甲基]鐵(II)三聯吡啶之製備
在一惰性氣氛中,使一圓底燒瓶裝有0.360 g(1.0 mmol)三聯吡啶氯化亞鐵及約10 mL二乙醚。將該燒瓶冷卻至-35℃。加入含0.188 g(2.0 mmol)LiCH2
SiMe3
之溶液,接著加入約10 mL二乙醚。加入時,顏色馬上發生變化並攪拌所得漿液,使其回溫至室溫。攪拌1小時後,經由過濾反應混合物並在真空下移除揮發性物質。以約5 mL冷戊烷洗滌所得順磁性紫色固體,得到0.400 g(87%)之標題化合物。1
H NMR(苯-d 6
,20℃):δ=319.80(bs,1H),194.68(bs,2H),154.65(bs,2H),115.20(bs,2H),59.36(bs,2H),38.56(bs,2H),8.73(bs,18H)。
實例3 利用雙[(三甲基甲矽烷基)甲基]鐵(II)三聯吡啶催化劑氫化矽烷化1-己烯與Et
3
SiH
將含5 mg雙[(三甲基甲矽烷基)甲基]鐵(II)三聯吡啶及0.60 g甲苯之儲備溶液裝入充氮乾燥箱中的閃爍瓶中。真空移除甲苯,接著加入0.114 g(1.4 mmol)1-己烯。將0.105 g(0.90 mmol)Et3
SiH加入同一小瓶中。利用少量Krytox油脂及絕緣帶密封該小瓶,自乾燥箱移走並置於95℃油浴中。鐵錯合物之濃度小於矽烷之0.1 mol%,且反應時間為4小時,以達到至(CH3
CH2
)3
Si-(CH2
)5
-CH3
之90%以上之轉化率。形成分別少於5%之(CH3
CH2
)3
Si-CH=CH-(CH2
)3
-CH3
及(CH3
CH2
)2
(H)Si-(CH2
)5
-CH3
。
為在諸如甲苯之溶劑中進行反應,進行以上步驟且無需自儲備溶液移除溶劑。由GC/MS監控轉化。
實例4 利用雙[(三甲基甲矽烷基)甲基]鐵(II)三聯吡啶氫化矽烷化1-辛烯與甲基雙(三甲基甲矽烷基氧基)矽烷(MD
H
M)
在惰性氣氛中,將0.150 g(1.33 mmol)1-辛烯及0.295 g(1.33 mmol)MDH
M加入閃爍瓶中。將0.015 g(2.5 mol%)雙[(三甲基甲矽烷基)甲基]鐵(II)三聯吡啶加入此攪拌溶液中。密封反應並移至油浴,且保持於約60℃下約1小時。反應期間,1
H NMR觀察到與Si-H有關之共振消失,而出現歸因於連接於矽之亞甲基之在0.41 ppm下之新共振高磁場,得到與先前報導化合物相一致之光譜。
在Shimadzu GC-2010氣相層析儀上進行氣相層析。利用Supelco 30 m x 0.25 mm BETA DEX 120毛細管柱進行GC分析。MDH
M與1-辛烯之反應溫度程式係如下:80℃,2分鐘;15℃/分鐘至180℃,2分鐘。氫化矽烷化產物之滯留時間為7.83分鐘。
實例5 利用雙[(三甲基甲矽烷基)甲基]鐵(II)三聯吡啶氫化矽烷化乙烯基環己烯氧化物(VCHO)與甲基雙(三甲基甲矽烷基氧基)矽烷(MD
H
M)
在惰性氣氛中,將0.150 g(1.33 mmol)VCHO與0.295 g(1.33 mmol)MDH
M加入閃爍瓶中。將0.015 g(2.5 mol%)之雙[(三甲基甲矽烷基)甲基]鐵(II)三聯吡啶加入此攪拌溶液中。密封該瓶,並在約60℃下反應約1小時。反應期間,於1
H NMR中觀察到與Si-H及CH2
=CH有關之共振消失,而出現歸因於連接於矽之亞甲基之在0.37 ppm下之新共振高磁場,其表明形成所需產物。
實例6 藉由雙[(三甲基甲矽烷基)甲基]鐵(II)三聯吡啶催化劑之Si-H與Si-乙烯基矽氧烷之交聯反應
將3 mg(0.0065 E-3 mmol)雙[(三甲基甲矽烷基)甲基]鐵(II)三聯吡啶加入充氮乾燥箱中的閃爍瓶中。然後加入400 mg結構Mvi
D120
Mvi
(其中Mvi
=乙烯基二甲基SiO2/2
)之乙烯基封端之矽氧烷聚合物,然後加入18 mg結構MD15
DH 30
M之氫化物官能性矽氧烷聚合物。利用少量Krytox油脂及絕緣帶密封該瓶,自乾燥箱移走並置於95℃油浴中12小時。在空氣中冷卻反應並得到高度黏稠半固體。此反應以反應中之起始物質總量之wt/wt計,係0.7質量%鐵化合物及0.0009質量%鐵。
比較實例:利用(聯吡啶)鐵錯合物之嘗試性氫化矽烷化
將10 mg(0.0052 mmol)雙[(三甲基甲矽烷基)甲基]鐵(II)2,2'-聯吡啶加入充氮乾燥箱中之閃爍瓶中。然後加入1-己烯(0.114 g,1.4 mmol),接著加入0.105 g(0.90 mmol)Et3
SiH。利用少量Krytox油脂、絕緣帶密封該瓶,自乾燥箱移走並置於95℃油浴中12小時。根據GC判定未觀察到轉化為產物。
雖然以上說明書含有許多具體細節,但此等具體細節不應認為係限制本發明之範疇,而僅作為其較佳實施例之例證。熟習此項技術者可設想如由此處所附之申請專利範圍所界定之本發明的範疇及精神內之許多其他可行性變化。
Claims (21)
- 一種式(I)錯合物,
- 如請求項1之錯合物,其中L1 與L2 中之每一者係經由碳原子共價鍵合於G。
- 如請求項1之錯合物,其中R6 係芳基或經取代之芳基,及R1 -R5 、R7 -R11 係氫。
- 如請求項1之錯合物,其中R1 -R11 係氫。
- 如請求項1之錯合物,其中G係Fe(II)或Fe(III)。
- 如請求項1之式(I)錯合物,其中該錯合物係固定於一支持物上。
- 如請求項6之錯合物,其中該支持物係選自由碳、矽石、氧化鋁、MgCl2 、氧化鋯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚(胺基苯乙烯)、樹枝狀聚合物及其組合組成之群。
- 如請求項6之錯合物,其中R1 -R11 中之至少一者含有與該支持物共價鍵合之至少一官能基。
- 一種用於氫化矽烷化一包含甲矽烷基氫化物及含至少一不飽和基團之化合物之組合物之方法,該方法包括:(i)視需要在溶劑存在下,使該組合物與式(I)錯合物接觸,以使該甲矽烷基氫化物與該含至少一不飽和基團之化合物反應,得到含該錯合物之氫化矽烷化產物,及(ii)視需要自該氫化矽烷化產物移除錯合物,其中式(I)具有下式結構:
- 如請求項9之方法,其包括藉由磁分離及/或過濾自氫化矽烷化產物移除錯合物的步驟。
- 如請求項9之方法,其中該錯合物係固定於一支持物上。
- 如請求項9之方法,其中該支持物係選自由碳、矽石、氧化鋁、MgCl2 、氧化鋯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚(胺基苯乙烯)、樹枝狀聚合物及其組合組成之群。
- 如請求項9之方法,其中R1 -R11 中之至少一者含有與該支持物共價鍵合之至少一官能基。
- 如請求項9之方法,其中該甲矽烷基氫化物係選自由Ra SiH4-a 、(RO)a SiH4-a 、Qu Tv Tp H Dw DH x MH y Mz 及其組合組成之群,其中Q係SiO4/2 ,T係R'SiO3/2 ,TH 係HSiO3/2 ,D 係R'2 SiO2/2 ,DH 係R'HSiO2/2 ,MH 係Hg R'3-g SiO1/2 ,M係R'3 SiO1/2 ,每次出現之R及R'係獨立地為C1 -C18 烷基、C1 -C18 經取代之烷基,其中R及R'視需要含有至少一雜原子,每次出現之a係獨立地具有1至3之值,g具有0至3之值,p係0至20,u係0至20,v係0至20,w係0至500,x係0至500,y係0至20及z係0至20,其限制條件為p+x+y等於1至500,且滿足甲矽烷基氫化物中之所有元素的化合價。
- 如請求項9之方法,其中p、u、v、y及z係0至10,w及x係0至100,其中p+x+y等於1至100。
- 如請求項9之方法,其中該含不飽和基團之化合物係選自由經烷基封端之烯丙基聚醚、乙烯基官能化之經烷基封端之烯丙基或甲基烯丙基聚醚、末端不飽和胺、炔烴、C2 -C18 烯烴、不飽和環烷基環氧化物、末端不飽和丙烯酸酯或丙烯酸甲酯、不飽和芳基醚、不飽和芳香烴、不飽和環烷烴、乙烯基官能化之聚合物、乙烯基官能化之矽烷、乙烯基官能化之矽酮及其組合組成之群。
- 如請求項9之方法,其中該含不飽和基團之化合物係具有以下通式之聚環氧烷:R1 (OCH2 CH2 )z (OCH2 CHR3 )w -OR2 式(VIII) R2 O(CHR3 CH2 O)w (CH2 CH2 O)z -CR4 2 -C≡C-CR4 2 -(OCH2 CH2 )z (OCH2 CHR3 )w R2 式(X)或H2 C=CR4 CH2 O(CH2 OCH2 )z (CH2 OCHR3 )w CH2 CR4 =CH2 式(XI), 其中每次出現之R1 係含2至10個碳原子之不飽和有機基團,每次出現之R2 係獨立地為氫、乙烯基或1至8個碳原子之聚醚封端基,每次出現之R3 及R4 係獨立地為單價烴基,每次出現之z係0至100(包括0及100)且每次出現之w係0至100(包括0及100)。
- 一種由如請求項9之方法製造之氫化矽烷化組合物,其中該含不飽和基團之化合物係經烷基封端之烯丙基聚醚;且其中該組合物實質上係不含未反應之經烷基封端之烯丙基聚醚及其之異構化產物。
- 一種由如請求項9之方法製造之氫化矽烷化組合物,其中該含不飽和基團之化合物係末端不飽和胺,且其中該組合物係不含未反應之末端不飽和胺及其異構化產物,且其中該產物實質上不含內位加成產物。
- 一種由如請求項9之方法製造之氫化矽烷化組合物,其中該含至少一不飽和基團之化合物係乙烯基官能化之矽酮,且其中該組合物包含式(I)錯合物。
- 一種用於合成式(I)錯合物之方法,其包括令式(II)錯合物與選自由鹼金屬鹽、鹼土金屬鹽、格利雅(Grignards)、烷基鋁、烷基汞、烷基鉈及其組合組成之群的至少一含L的烷化劑反應之步驟,其中該式(II)係:
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