TWI496837B - 以結晶或半結晶的聚胺基甲酸酯聚合物為基質之水性調配物 - Google Patents
以結晶或半結晶的聚胺基甲酸酯聚合物為基質之水性調配物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI496837B TWI496837B TW099136829A TW99136829A TWI496837B TW I496837 B TWI496837 B TW I496837B TW 099136829 A TW099136829 A TW 099136829A TW 99136829 A TW99136829 A TW 99136829A TW I496837 B TWI496837 B TW I496837B
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Description
本發明係關於以結晶或半結晶的聚胺基甲酸酯聚合物為基質之水性組成物,用於其製備之方法及包含此等水性組成物之黏著劑系統及其用途。
於近年間,水性分散液黏著劑之使用的重要性已大大地提高,此由於彼等之良好環境相容性的緣故。特定言之,於多種之工業用途中,以聚胺基甲酸酯聚合物為基質具有結晶或部分地結晶之聚酯鏈段的分散性黏著劑已經能取代含溶劑之黏著劑。
通常,水性分散性聚合物係於此種情況共同使用之液體,經親水地修飾,主要地脂族聚異氰酸酯中處理(所謂2-組分處理)。然而,於2-組分處理之期間,於聚異氰酸酯與分散液之水相之間發生能夠分解成為作為其等基質之胺及二氧化碳的不安定胺甲酸衍生物之生成。釋出之胺轉而與自由態之異氰酸酯自發地反應以產生尿素。對於分散性聚合物之聚合物鏈之交聯所需要之異氰酸酯係經由與水之反應而以此種方式緩慢地消耗。存罐時間,即一種聚胺基甲酸酯分散液之2-組分黏著劑分散液與一種經親水地修飾之主要地脂族聚異氰酸酯之最大處理時間係視,除了其他以外,該調配物之pH而定及通常係1-12小時。
倘若該2-組分分散性黏著劑係於存罐時間已消逝之後處理,則異氰酸酯基之量不足以完全地交聯該聚胺基甲酸酯聚合物。結果則為無法達成關於抗熱性需要之品質的黏著劑黏合。
於水性黏著劑分散液中之聚胺基甲酸酯的反應性應該因此儘可能地降低,俾能確保長之處理時間。
然而,於同時,具有對於最高可能之反應性之要求,即於接合處理後於黏著劑層中快速之交聯反應。特定言之,倘若黏著劑黏合係於接合後儘可能即刻進一步處理,則此係重要的。此外,於接合處理後能儘可能即刻進行黏著劑黏合之品質試驗係有利的,此因為以此種方式可較快速地發現於製造方法中之錯誤及於工業製造方法中之拒絕率可因此明顯降低之緣故。
於聚胺基甲酸酯分散液與經親水地修飾之主要地脂族聚異氰酸酯的市售2-組分黏著劑分散液之情況中,黏著劑黏合之製造者於可進行此種品質試驗之前,通常必須等待2-3日。
用於加速於黏著劑層中之交聯反應的一種可能性在於黏著劑黏合於提高之溫度的儲存(熱固化)。然而,此係與用於產生熱之高成本有關。
本發明因此係基於提供以水性調配物為基質之黏著劑系統之目的,其容許達成儘可能長之存罐時間、及於同時已導致於黏著劑黏合之製造及以此種方式黏附之基板儲存後24小時的高強度黏著劑黏合。
該目的係經由本發明之標的而達成。
本發明提供水性組成物,其包含
(a) 至少一種結晶或半結晶之聚胺基甲酸酯聚合物,
(b) 至少一種具有以脂族方式鍵結之異氰酸酯基團的聚異氰酸酯,其於20℃至25℃之溫度範圍內係液體,
(c) 週期表次族5及6之元素的至少一種或一種以上之化合物,其中特殊之元素具有至少+4之氧化數,
(d) 視情況另外的輔助物質及添加劑。
較佳地,(a)+(b)之量係從20至99.9999重量份,(c)之量係從0.0001至5重量份及(d)之量係從0至75重量份,其限制條件為個別之組分(a)至(d)之重量份的總量為100。
特別較佳地,(a)+(b)之量係從40至99.999重量份,(c)之量係從0.001至5重量份及(d)之量係從0至59重量份,其限制條件為個別之組分(a)至(d)之重量份之總量為100。
較佳地,(a)+(b)之量之總數包含從70至99.5重量份之(a)及從0.5至30重量份之(b),特別較佳地從80至98重量份之(a)及從2至20重量份之(b)。
較佳地,根據本發明之水性調配物係2-組分系統。
於本發明之情況中之2-組分系統係瞭解如意表,其中組分a)及b)由於彼等反應性因此必須儲存於分隔之容器中之系統。該等兩種組分係僅於塗敷之前不久混合,然後通常反應而無另外之活化作用。
較佳地,結晶或半結晶之聚胺基甲酸酯聚合物a)具有於42℃與100℃之間之範圍內的熔點,特別較佳地於42℃與60℃之間之範圍內,很特別較佳地於45℃與52℃之間之範圍內。
較佳地,經由根據DIN 65467以10K/min加熱速率之示差掃描量熱法(DSC)而測量結晶或半結晶之聚胺基甲酸酯聚合物a)具有於-100℃與-10℃之間之範圍內,特別較佳地於-60℃與-40℃之間之範圍內的玻璃轉移溫度。
較佳地,結晶或半結晶之聚胺基甲酸酯聚合物a)具有於20,000與250,000克/莫耳間之範圍內的重量平均分子量Mw,特別較佳地於30,000與220,000克/莫耳之間,很特別較佳地於50,000與200,000克/莫耳之間。
重量平均分子量係藉由膠透層析術(GPC/SEC)以二甲基乙醯胺作為移動相而測定。
關於此點,結晶或半結晶意表,於根據DIN 65467以20K/min之加熱速率之示差掃描量熱法測量中,聚胺基甲酸酯聚合物具有一種熔化尖峰,其對應於自106焦耳/克至45焦耳/克之範圍內之熔體焓,較佳地於自101焦耳/克至54焦耳/克之範圍內及很特別較佳地於自99焦耳/克至63焦耳/克之範圍內。
已發現,令人驚訝地,倘若化合物a)係自結晶或部分結晶之聚合物鏈構成,則週期表之次族5及6之元素之化合物,其中特殊之元素具有至少+4之氧化數,僅具有化合物a)與化合物b)交聯反應之適當加速的效果。
結晶或部分地結晶之聚胺基甲酸酯聚合物a)因此包含下列作為構成組分(builder components)
A) 一種或一種以上具有400至5,000道耳頓之數目平均分子量的雙官能基或超過雙官能基之聚酯多醇,較佳地1,000至3,000道耳頓,特別較佳地1,500至2,500道耳頓,
B) 視情況一種或一種以上具有62至399道耳頓之數目平均分子量的雙官能基或超過雙官能基之多醇組分,
C) 至少一種組分,其包含磺酸酯及/或羧酸酯基及其另外具有至少一個異氰酸酯-反應性之羥基及/或胺基及因此導致末端或側邊之磺酸酯或,分別地,羧酸酯結構單位,
D) 一種或一種以上之二-或聚異氰酸酯組分及
E) 視情況一種或一種以上之二胺基及/或單胺基化合物
F) 視情況之其他異氰酸酯-反應性化合物。
較佳之二-或超過雙官能基之聚酯多醇A)係以線性二羧酸及/或其衍生物(諸如酐、酯或酸氯化物)、及脂族或環脂族之線性或分枝的多醇為基質。作為組分A),由己二酸、丁二酸、癸二酸及十二烷二酸組成之群中選出之二羧酸係特別較佳的,且己二酸係很特別較佳的。此等係以所有羧酸之總量計至少80莫耳%之量使用,較佳地從85至100莫耳%,特別較佳地從90至100莫耳%。
可視情況共同使用其他之脂族、環脂族或芳族之二羧酸。此等二羧酸之實例係戊二酸、壬二酸、1,4-、1,3-或1,2-環己烷二甲酸、對酞酸或異酞酸。此等係以所有羧酸之總數量計多達最多20莫耳%之量使用,較佳地0至15莫耳%,特別較佳地0至10莫耳%。
用於聚酯A)之較佳多醇組分係選自於由單乙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇及新戊二醇組成之群,1,4-丁二醇及1,6-己二醇作為多醇組分係特別較佳的,及1,4-丁二醇係很特別較佳的。此等係以所有多醇之總量計至少80莫耳%之量使用,較佳地90至100莫耳%。
可視情況共同使用其他之脂族或環脂族,線性或分枝之多醇。此等多醇之實例係二甘醇、羥基三甲基乙酸新戊二醇、環己烷二甲醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,2-戊二醇、1,9-壬二醇、三羥甲基丙烷、丙三醇或新戊四醇。此等係以所有多醇之總數量計之最多20莫耳%之量使用,較佳地從0至10莫耳%。
兩種或兩種以上之此等聚酯A)之混合物亦係可能的。
較佳地使用以己二酸與1,4-丁二醇、或己二酸與1,6-己二醇、或己二酸及1,6-己二醇與新戊二醇之混合物為基質之聚酯A)。
具有62至399道耳頓之數目平均分子量之雙官能基或超過雙官能基之多醇組分,諸如,例如,聚醚、聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚內酯或聚醯胺,係適合於作為構成組分B)。
另外適合之組分B)係於A)中提及之脂族或環脂族,線性或分枝的多醇。較佳之組分B)係單乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇或1,6-己二醇。1,4-丁二醇係特別較佳的。
包含磺酸鹽或羧酸鹽基之適合組分C)係例如另外帶有磺酸鹽或羧酸鹽基之二胺基化合物或二羥基化合物,諸如,例如,N-(2-胺基乙基)-2-胺基乙烷磺酸、N-(3-胺基丙基)-2-胺基乙烷磺酸、N-(3-胺基丙基)-3-胺基丙烷磺酸、N-(2-胺基乙基)-3-胺基丙烷磺酸、相似之羧酸、二羥甲基丙酸、二羥甲基丁酸或於1莫耳二胺(諸如例如1,2-乙烷二胺或異佛酮二胺)與2莫耳之丙烯酸或順丁烯二酸的一麥可加成作用(Michael addition)意義中之反應產物的鈉、鋰、鉀及第三級胺鹽。
較佳之組分C)係N-(2-胺基乙基)-2-胺基乙烷磺酸鹽或二羥甲基丙酸鹽。
該等酸較佳地係以彼等之鹽形式如磺酸鹽或羧酸鹽直接地使用。然而,於聚胺基甲酸酯製備之期間內或之後,首先將一部分或全部對於鹽生成所需要之中和劑加入,亦係可能的。
第三級胺,其等對於鹽生成係特別適合的並且較佳的,係例如三乙胺、二甲基環己基胺及乙基二異丙基胺。
對於鹽生成亦可使用其他之胺,諸如例如氨、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、二甲基乙醇胺、甲基二乙醇胺、胺基甲基丙醇及亦提及之胺及亦其他胺的混合物。僅於異氰酸酯基已大部分反應之後,方將此等胺適當地加入。
對於中和作用之目的,使用中和劑,諸如例如氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、氫氧化鋰或氫氧化鈣,亦係可能的。
具有每分子至少兩個異氰酸酯基之有機化合物較佳地係適合於作為構成組分D)。較佳地使用二異氰酸酯Y(NCO)2
,其中Y代表具有4至12個碳原子之一種二價脂族烴自由基、具有6至15個碳原子之一種二價環脂族烴自由基、具有6至15個碳原子之一種二價芳族烴自由基或具有7至15個碳原子之一種二價芳脂族烴自由基。該等二異氰酸酯特別較佳地係選自於由伸丁基-二異氰酸酯、甲基伸戊基-二異氰酸酯、伸己基-二異氰酸酯、伸十二基-二異氰酸酯、1,4-二異氰酸基環己烷、1-異氰酸基-3,3,5-三甲基-5-異氰酸基甲基環己烷、4,4’-二異氰酸基二環己基甲烷、4,4’-二異氰酸基-2,2-二環己基丙烷、1,4-二異氰酸基苯、2,4-二異氰酸基甲苯、2,6-二異氰酸基甲苯、4,4’-二異氰酸基二苯基甲烷、2,2’-及2,4’-二異氰酸基二苯基甲烷、四甲基苯二甲基-二異氰酸酯、對-苯二甲基-二異氰酸酯及對-伸異丙基-二異氰酸酯、及由此等化合物組成之混合物組成之群。
共同使用一部分之於聚胺基甲酸酯化學中本身已為吾人所知之較高官能基的聚異氰酸酯或亦本身已為吾人所知之經修飾的聚胺基甲酸酯,例如包含碳二亞胺基、脲甲酸酯基、異三聚氰酸酯基、胺基甲酸乙酯基及/或二縮脲基者,當然亦係可能的。
二異氰酸酯D)係很特別較佳地選自於由伸己基-二異氰酸酯、1,4-二異氰酸基環己烷、1-異氰酸基-3,3,5-三甲基-5-異氰酸基甲基環己烷、4,4’-二異氰酸基二環己基甲烷及4,4’-二異氰酸基-2,2-二環己基丙烷及由此等化合物組成的混合物組成之群。
2,4-二異氰酸基甲苯及2,6-二異氰酸基甲苯及其等混合物作為組分D),也是進一步較佳的。
再進一步較佳之構成組分D)係伸己基-二異氰酸酯與1-異氰酸基-3,3,5-三甲基-5-異氰酸基甲基環己烷之混合物。
第一級及/或第二級單胺基化合物、及/或第一級及/或第二級二胺基化合物作為構成組分E)係可能的。
脂族及/或脂環族之第一級及/或第二級單胺(諸如乙胺、二乙胺、異構之丙基-及丁基胺)、較高碳線性脂族單胺及環脂族單胺(諸如環己胺)作為組分E)係較佳的。組分E)之進一步實例係胺基醇,即於一個分子中包含胺基及羥基之化合物,諸如例如乙醇胺、N-甲基乙醇胺、二乙醇胺及2-丙醇胺。當然亦可使用數種單胺基化合物之混合物。
特別較佳之單胺基化合物係選自於由二乙胺、乙醇胺及二乙醇胺組成之群。二乙醇胺係很特別較佳的。
特別較佳之二胺基化合物係選自於由1,2-乙烷二胺、1,6-伸己二胺、1-胺基-3,3,5-三甲基-5-胺基甲基環己烷(異佛酮二胺)、哌、1,4-二胺基環己烷及雙-(4-胺基環己基)-甲烷組成之群。另外特別較佳之二胺基化合物係胺基化合物諸如,例如,1,3-二胺基-2-丙醇、N-(2-羥基乙基)-伸乙二胺及N,N-雙(2-羥基乙基)伸乙二胺。作為組分E),己二酸二醯肼、肼及肼水合物另外係可能的。亦可使用多胺,諸如二伸乙三胺作為組分E),以替代一種二胺基化合物。
較佳之組分F),其等係視情況共同使用,係例如具有2至22個碳原子之脂族、環脂族或芳族之單醇,諸如乙醇、丁醇、己醇、環己醇、異丁醇、苄醇、硬脂醇及2-乙基乙醇;單-或雙官能基之聚醚,其等係以醇或胺開始及具有一種親水化作用以環氧乙烷聚合物或環氧乙烷/環氧丙烷共聚物為基質,諸如例如Polyether LB 25(Bayer MaterialScience AG;Germany)或MPEG 750:分子量750克/莫耳之甲氧基聚乙二醇(例如Pluriol750,BASF AG,Germany);堵劑,其等通常係用於異氰酸酯基及於提高之溫度可係再分裂,諸如例如丁酮肟、二甲基吡唑、己內醯胺、丙二酸酯、三唑、二甲基三唑、第三丁基苄基胺及環戊酮羧基乙基酯;及包含可用於聚合反應之基團的不飽和化合物,諸如例如丙烯酸羥基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸羥基乙酯、丙烯酸羥基丁酯、甲基丙烯酸羥基丁酯、丙烯酸羥基丙酯、甲基丙烯酸羥基丙酯、新戊四醇三丙烯酸酯及單環氧化物、雙環氧化物及/或多環氧化物與丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸之羥基-官能基之反應產物。
根據本發明之聚胺基甲酸酯可以包含從0至20,較佳地從0至10重量%之量的組分F)。
離子基團之含量係於2與600毫莫耳每公斤之間的固體,較佳地於10與400毫莫耳之間,特別較佳地於40與300毫莫耳每公斤之間的固體。
本發明另外提供一種用於製備根據本發明之水性聚胺基甲酸酯或聚胺基甲酸酯-脲分散液之方法,其特徵為組分A)、視情況B)、C)、D)及視情況F)係於一種單-或多-階段反應中反應,以產生一種異氰酸酯-官能基之預聚合物,其係隨後與視情況組分E)、C)及視情況F)於一種單-或兩-階段反應中反應然後係分散於水中或以水分散,可能於分散之期間內或之後經由蒸餾而移除一部分或所有視情況共同使用之溶劑。
根據本發明之水性聚胺基甲酸酯或聚胺基甲酸酯-脲分散液之製備係於單或多階段中於一種均相中或,於一種多-階段反應之情況中,部分於一分散相中進行。於已完整地或部分地進行加成聚合作用之後,進行一種分散、乳化或溶解步驟。其後,視情況於分散相中進行一種另外之複加成作用或修飾。對於製備,可使用自先前技術已知的所有方法,諸如乳化劑-剪切力、丙酮、預聚合物混合、熔體乳化作用、酮亞胺及固體自發之分散方法或其等之衍生方法。此等方法之摘述係於Methoden der organischen Chemie(Houben-Weyl,supplementary and follow-up volumes to the 4th edition,volume E20,H. Bartl and J. Falbe,Stuttgart,New York,Thieme 1987,p. 1671-1682)中找到。熔體乳化作用、預聚合物混合及丙酮方法係較佳的。該丙酮方法係特別較佳的。
理論上,可能稱重出所有羥基-官能基之組分,然後將所有異氰酸酯-官能基之組分加入及反應該混合物以產生異氰酸酯-官能基之聚胺基甲酸酯,其然後與胺基-官能基之組分反應。一種反轉之製備,異氰酸酯組分之最初引進入反應容器中、羥基-官能基組分之添加、反應以產生聚胺基甲酸酯然後與胺基-官能基組分之反應以產生最後產物,亦係可能的。
習用地,對於一種聚胺基甲酸酯預聚合物之製備,最初將所有或一部分之羥基-官能基之組分A)、視情況B)、視情況C)及視情況F)引進入反應器中,且該混合物係視情況以與水互溶混但對於異氰酸酯基惰性之溶劑稀釋,然後均質化。然後將組分D)於室溫至120℃計量入,及製備一種異氰酸酯基-官能基之聚胺基甲酸酯。此種反應可係如一種單-階段反應及亦如一種多-階段反應進行。一種多-階段反應可係,例如,以其中最初將一種組分A)引進入反應容器中及,於與異氰酸酯基-官能之組分D)之反應後,將第二種組分B)加入,然後可與一部分仍然存在之異氰酸酯基反應的方式進行。
適合之溶劑係例如丙酮、甲基異丁基酮、丁酮、四氫呋喃、二烷、丙烯腈、二丙二醇二甲基醚及1-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮,不僅可於該製備之開始將其等加入,而且亦可係於其後視情況將其等分批地(in portions)加入。丙酮及丁酮係較佳的。於正常壓力或提高之壓力下進行該反應係可能的。
關於預聚合物之製備,所使用之羥基-及視情況胺基-官能基組分之量係致使造成從1.05至2.5之異氰酸酯特性數者,較佳地從1.15至1.85。
異氰酸酯-官能基之預聚合物與另外之羥基-及/或胺基-官能基組分(較佳地僅與胺基-官能基組分E))、及視情況C)及視情況F)之進一步反應,所謂鏈延長,係以致使選擇以100%之異氰酸酯基計之25至150,較佳地40至85%之羥基及/或胺基之轉化程度的方式進行。該方法係經由於開始及/或於末端將組分C)加入而進行。
於超過100%之轉化程度,其係可能的但較不佳的,首先以該預聚合物反應於異氰酸酯加成反應之意義中係單官能基之所有組分,然後使用二-或超過雙官能基之鏈延長組分,俾能儘可能地獲得所有鏈延長之分子的完整併入,係適當的。
轉化之程度習用地係經由偵測反應混合物之NCO含量而偵測。對此,可進行光譜之測量(例如紅外線或近紅外線光譜)、折射率之測定或化學之分析(諸如取出之樣本的滴定)。
為了加速異氰酸酯加成反應,可使用既有催化劑諸如對於在NCO-OH反應加速之技術領域中具有通常知識者所已知者。實例係三乙胺、1,4-二氮雙環-[2,2,2]-辛烷、氧化二丁錫、二辛酸錫或二月桂酸二丁錫、雙-(2-乙基己酸)錫或其他有機金屬化合物。
異氰酸酯-官能基之預聚合物與組分C)及視情況E)及視情況F)之鏈延長可係於分散之前、於分散之期間內或於分散之後進行。鏈延長較佳地係於分散之前進行。倘若使用組分C)作為鏈延長之組分,則於分散階段之前以此種組分之鏈延長係必要的。
鏈延長習用地係於從10至100℃之溫度進行,較佳地從25至60℃。
於本發明之上下文中之用語鏈延長亦包括視情況單官能基之組分E)或亦F)的反應,其等由於彼等之單官能度,因此如鏈終止劑作用及因此並不導致分子量之增加而是導致分子量之一種限制。
可將鏈延長之組分於以有機溶劑及/或以水稀釋的形式加入反應混合物中。該添加可係以任何合適之次序接續地或經由一混合物之添加而同時地進行。
對於聚胺基甲酸酯分散液之製備的目的,該預聚合物係引進入分散之水中,視情況於高剪切力之下,諸如例如強力之攪拌,或者,相反地,將分散之水攪拌入預聚合物中。倘若鏈延長尚未於均相中發生,則而後可進行該鏈延長。
視情況使用之有機溶劑,例如丙酮,係於分散之期間內及/或之後蒸餾出。
一種較佳之製備方法係敍述於下:
最初將OH-官能基之組分A)、視情況B)、視情況C)及視情況F)及視情況之溶劑引進入反應容器中及加熱至20至100℃。在攪拌時,將組分D)儘可能快速地計量加入。利用放熱性,於40至150℃攪拌反應混合物,直到異氰酸酯含量達到理論值或略微低於此為止。此處可視情況將催化劑加入。其後經由溶劑之添加而將混合物稀釋至從25至95(較佳地從30至80)重量%之固體含量,然後經由胺基-官能基組分之添加而進行鏈延長,於30至120℃以水及/或溶劑、E)、視情況C)、及/或視情況F)稀釋。於2至60分鐘之反應時間之後,分散係經由蒸餾水之添加或經由轉移進入蒸餾水(其係最初已經引進入分散之容器中)中而進行,及一些或所有所使用之溶劑係於分散階段之期間內、或之後蒸餾出。該方法係經由於開始及/或於結束時將組分C)加入而進行。
磺酸或羧酸之轉化成為磺酸酯或羧酸酯可係於鏈延長之前、之期間內或之後進行。此外,其可係於分散之前或之期間內進行。
該聚異氰酸酯組分(b)係,具有以脂族方式鍵結之自由異氰酸酯基及於從20℃至25℃範圍內之溫度係液體或係以位此目的以溶劑稀釋之任何合適的有機聚異氰酸酯。該聚異氰酸酯組分(b)具有於23℃從10至15,000,較佳地從10至5,000毫帕秒之黏度。該黏度係根據DIN 53019以來自Haake之VT-500旋轉黏度計所測定。
該聚異氰酸酯組分(b)特別較佳地係聚異氰酸酯或聚異氰酸酯混合物,具有獨占地以脂族方式鍵結之異氰酸酯基具有於2.0與5.0之間之(平均)NCO官能度及10至2,000毫帕秒之於23℃的黏度。
由異佛酮-二異氰酸酯(Desmodur I)、伸己基-二異氰酸酯(Desmodur H)、雙-(4-異氰酸基環己基)-甲烷(Desmodur W)、ω,ω’-二異氰酸基-1,3-二甲基環己烷(H6XDI)、三異氰酸基壬烷及XDI(1,3-雙(異氰酸基甲基)苯)組成之群中選出之聚異氰酸酯作為組分b),係特別較佳的。
組分b)亦可係如與芳族聚異氰酸酯之一種混合物使用,諸如甲苯-2,4-二異氰酸酯。
提及之二異氰酸就其本身而論可係視情況使用,但通常使用該等二異氰酸酯之衍生物。適合之衍生物係,包含二縮脲、異三聚氰酸酯、脲二酮、胺基甲酸乙酯、亞胺基二二酮、二三酮、碳二亞胺、醯基脲及脲甲酸酯基之聚異氰酸酯。
可視情況親水地修飾聚異氰酸酯組分(b)。水溶性或水分散性聚異氰酸酯係,例如,經由以羧酸酯、磺酸酯及/或聚氧化乙烯基及/或聚氧化乙烯/聚氧化丙烯基之修飾作用而可獲得。
聚異氰酸酯之親水化作用係可能的,例如經由與不足量之單官能基的親水聚醚醇反應。此等經親水化之聚異氰酸酯之製備係,例如,於歐洲專利-A 0 540 985第3,1. 55頁-第41. 5頁中敍述。於歐洲專利-A-0 959 087第31. 39-51頁中敍述之聚異氰酸酯,其包含脲甲酸酯基及係經由低-單體聚異氰酸酯與聚氧化乙烯聚醚醇於脲甲酸酯化作用條件下之反應而製備,亦係特別適合的。經由乳化劑之添加的外部親水化作用同樣係可能的。
使用之聚異氰酸酯組分(b)的NCO含量,例如於所謂聚醚脲甲酸酯(藉由一種聚醚之親水化作用)之情況中,可係於5-25重量%之範圍內。於以磺酸基之一種親水化作用之情況中,可達成4-26重量%之NCO含量,其中此等數字係瞭如僅作為示範。
一部分,例如至多於使用之異氰酸酯組分中存在之異氰酸酯基的三分之一,亦可係經由對於異氰酸酯有反應之組分而堵塞(blocked)。於此種情況中,經堵塞之異氰酸酯組分與另外之多醇的反應可係於其後階段中發生,俾能引起另外的交聯。
對於此等聚異氰酸酯之適合堵劑係,例如,單官能基之醇(諸如甲醇、乙醇、丁醇、己醇、環己醇或苄醇)、肟(諸如丙酮肟、甲基乙基酮肟或環己酮肟)、內醯胺諸如ε-己內醯胺、酚類、胺(諸如二丙胺或二丁胺)、二甲基吡唑或三唑、及丙二酸二甲酯、丙二酸二乙酯或丙二酸二丁酯。
已發現,令人驚訝地,其中特殊元素具有至少+4氧化數之週期表的次族5及6元素之化合物加速於化合物a)與b)之間的反應使得雖然保持>8小時之長存罐時間,但是於室溫儲存歷時24小時之後,於化合物a)與b)之間的交聯反應係已完成。
較佳地使用由釩、鉭、鉬及鎢組成之群中選出之元素的化合物,作為化合物(c)。
特別較佳地使用由鉬酸、鉬酸鋰、鉬酸鈉、鉬酸鉀、鉬酸銣、鉬酸銫、鉬酸四甲基銨、鉬酸四乙基銨、乙醯基醋酮酸氧化鉬、四甲基庚二酸二氧化鉬、鎢酸鈉、正釩酸鋰、偏釩酸鋰及其修飾物、正釩酸鈉、偏釩酸鈉及七鉬酸銨組成之群中選出的化合物,作為化合物(c)。
由鉬酸鋰、鉬酸鈉、鉬酸鉀、鉬酸銣、鉬酸銫及單-、二-或三價陽離子之其他鉬酸鹽及具有一種有機陽離子(諸如例如銨、四甲基銨、四乙基鏻及其他)之鉬酸鹽組成之群中選出的化合物c),係很特別較佳的。
由鉬酸鋰、鉬酸鈉及鉬酸組成之群中選出的化合物c)係再更佳的。
對於化合物c),使用之催化劑的量係非常低的。通常,可使用以水性組成物之所有組分計之1至50,000ppm之量的活性化合物,及1至30,000ppm之範圍係較佳的。催化劑之活性係與其添加之本質無關。因此可將其直接地加入所添加之水中。或者,亦可將其組合入組分(a)及/或(b)中。
該等分散液較佳地具有從10至60重量%之固體含量,特別較佳的是從25至60重量%及很特別佳的是從35至55重量%。
視組分(a)之分子量及其陰離子基或自由酸基(特定言之磺酸陰離子基及/或羧基)之含量而定,包含聚合物之水性系統係真實之分散液、以膠體方式分散或以分子方式分散之分散液,但就大體而論所謂「部分之分散液」,即部分地以分子方式分散及部分地以膠體方式分散之水性系統。
較佳地,根據本發明之水性調配物具有於10毫帕秒與20,000毫帕秒之間範圍內之黏度,特別較佳地於1,000毫帕秒與5,000毫帕秒之間之範圍內,很特別較佳地於1,500毫帕秒與2,500毫帕秒之間之範圍內。
較佳地,根據本發明之水性調配物具有於5與12之間之範圍內之Ph值,特別較佳地於6與11之間之範圍內,很特別較佳地於6與9之間之範圍內。
組分(b)對於組分(a)之異氰酸酯基對於羥基之比率(NCO-OH比率)可持續寬廣之範圍。該異氰酸酯基較佳地係以過量添加。
本發明亦提供一種用於根據本發明水性調配物之製備的方法,其中黏著劑系統之組分及輔助之物質(a)至(d)之添加的次序可係如所需而變動。
本發明亦提供黏著劑系統,其包含根據本發明之一種水性組成物。
根據本發明之黏著劑系統可係單獨地或連同於塗料及黏著劑技術中已知之黏合劑、輔助物質及添加劑(特定言之乳化劑或光安定劑(諸如紫外線吸收劑或立體阻礙之胺(HALS))、另外之抗氧化劑、填充劑或輔助物質(例如抗沈降劑、消泡劑及/或潤濕劑)、流動劑、反應性稀釋劑、塑化劑、催化劑、輔助之溶劑及/或增稠劑及添加劑(諸如,例如,顏料、染料或消光劑))共同使用。亦可將賦黏之樹脂(「賦黏劑(tackifier)」)加入。賦黏之樹脂係瞭解如意表,作為增加吸黏力(tack)(即於簡短溫和地施壓之後堅固地附著於表面之性質)之添加劑之所有天然或合成的樹脂或聚合物。為了達成此,黏著之樹脂必須具有,除了其他以外,與聚合物之一種適當相容性。賦黏劑本身不需要具有吸黏力。廣泛地使用之賦黏劑係,除了其他以外,萜烯低聚合物、脂族之石油化學樹脂及松香樹脂。
可將添加劑於處理之前直接地加入根據本發明之黏著劑系統中。然而,於黏合劑之分散之前、之期間內或之後將至少一部分之黏著劑加入,亦係可能的。
根據本發明之黏著劑系統係適合於黏附任何需要之基板,諸如例如紙、紙板、木材、織物、金屬、皮革或礦物材料。此外,根據本發明之黏著劑組成物係適合於黏附橡膠材料,諸如例如天然及合成之橡膠、各種塑膠(諸如聚胺基甲酸酯、聚乙酸乙烯酯或聚氯乙烯)、及熱固性聚合物(諸如例如聚碳酸酯、聚醯胺、丙烯酸/丁二烯/苯乙烯及其等之混合物)。
根據本發明之黏著劑系統係特別較佳地適合於黏附合成或天然之材料,諸如例如使用於鞋(特定言之運動鞋)之製造中者。此等材料係例如皮革、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)鞋底(已塗底漆者(primed)及未塗底漆者(non-primed))、橡膠、聚胺基甲酸酯、聚醯胺及聚醚-聚醯胺(Pebax)。
本發明係於以下以實例之協助舉例說明。
實例:
U 54,來自Bayer MaterialScience AG,51368 Leverkusen之聚胺基甲酸酯分散液;固體含量約50重量%;以具有二異氰酸伸己酯(HDI)/異佛酮二異氰酸酯(IPDI)作為聚異氰酸酯組分之一種己二酸/丁二醇聚酯為基質之線性聚胺基甲酸酯鏈的異氰酸酯-反應性聚合物。該分散性聚合物之玻璃轉移溫度係-50℃。測量係藉由示差掃描量熱法(DSC)。根據示差掃描量熱法測量,去結晶作用(decrystallization)溫度係約48℃。
U 42,來自Bayer MaterialScience AG,51368 Leverkusen之聚胺基甲酸酯分散液;固體含量約50重量%;以具有HDI作為聚異氰酸酯組分之一種酞酸/己二醇聚酯為基質之線性聚胺基甲酸酯鏈的異氰酸酯-反應性聚合物。該分散性聚合物之玻璃轉移溫度係約-10℃。測量係藉由示差掃描量熱法。
經親水地修飾之聚異氰酸酯之說明:
Desmodur DN,以HDI三聚物為基質之經親水地修飾的交聯劑異氰酸酯。異氰酸酯含量約20%。
Desmodur D XP 2725,以HDI三聚物/TDI三聚物為基質之經親水地修飾的交聯劑異氰酸酯,活性化合物含量=85%,異氰酸酯含量約15.5%。
來自Tanatex Chemicals B. V.之Tanemul FD-液體:13-17重量%之硬脂醇聚乙二醇醚於水中之溶液,CAS No.: 68439-49-6。
水性調配物:
1. 100重量份之Dispercoll U 54
5重量份之Desmodur DN
2. 100重量份之Dispercoll U 54
3重量份之於Tanemul FD-液體中之10%鉬酸鋰
5重量份之Desmodur DN
3. 100重量份之Dispercoll U 54
5重量份之Desmodur D XP 2725
4. 100重量份之U 54
3重量份之於Tanemul FD-液體中之10%鉬酸鋰
5重量份之Desmodur D XP 2725
5.100重量份之Dispercoll U 42
3重量份之於Tanemul FD-液體中之10%鉬酸鋰
5重量份之Desmodur DN
6. 100重量份之Dispercoll U 42
3重量份之於Tanemul FD-液體中之10%鉬酸鋰
5重量份之Desmodur D XP 2725
研究
試驗方法:
山毛櫸木試驗樣本5厘米×14厘米
聚氯乙烯(PVC)膜型式Benelite(5厘米寬)
樣本製備
:
藉由一種200微米條紋(ribbed)刮刀,將黏著劑分散液塗敷於山毛櫸木試驗樣本上(面積5厘米×8厘米)。於一種標準氣候(23℃/50%相對大氣濕度)中於1小時之後,黏著劑層完全地乾燥。
其後,將PVC膜安置於已經以黏著劑塗布之山毛櫸木試驗樣本上,及將樣本置於一種加熱之膜壓機中。複合物係於4巴之壓力下於63℃及103℃之熱板溫度受壓歷時10秒鐘。於此時間之期間內,於黏著劑層中之溫度分別地上升至最高55℃、及最高77℃。然後將複合物自膜壓機移出及儲存於標準氣候中歷時24小時。
抗熱性之試驗
將複合物懸掛於溫度控制於70℃之一種加熱室中。將2.5公斤之重塊吊於該PVC膜上,致使該模可以180度之角度自該山毛櫸木表面剝下。於1小時之後,將試驗樣本自加熱室移出及以毫米表示之方式測定已剝下之長度。
結果:
剝下之長度(以毫米表示)係於以下之表中表示。於值≧80之情況中,於60分鐘之試驗期間內完整地剝下膜。
該等值係於每種情形中兩個分別測量之平均。
(剝下長度之以毫米表示之所有數據)
該等值表示,根據本發明具有部分地結晶之聚胺基甲酸酯分散性聚合物之黏著劑分散液很快速的交聯。該交聯反應係於24小時之後結束。
與無鉬酸鋰之分散性黏著劑(序號1及3)之比較研究,於24小時之後仍然顯示無適當之交聯反應。
與非晶形聚胺基甲酸酯分散性聚合物(比較實例5-6)之比較顯示,於黏著劑黏合產生後24小時之期間內,以鉬酸鋰對於經親水地修飾之聚異氰酸酯與非晶形聚胺基甲酸酯聚合物之間的反應加速作用不導致聚合物完整的交聯。
Claims (14)
- 一種水性組成物,包括(a)至少一種結晶或半結晶之胺基甲酸酯聚合物,其具有於20,000克/莫耳與250,000克/莫耳之間之範圍內的重量平均分子量Mw,(b)至少一種具有以脂族方式鍵結之異氰酸酯基團的聚異氰酸酯,其於從20℃至25℃之範圍溫度內係液體,(c)週期表次族5及6之元素的至少一種或一種以上之化合物,其中特殊之元素具有至少+4之氧化數,(d)視情況另外的輔助物質及添加劑,其中(a)+(b)之量係從20至99.9999重量份,(c)之量係從0.0001至5重量份及(d)之量係從0至75重量份,其限制條件為個別之組分(a)至(d)之重量份的總量為100。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之水性組成物,其特徵為該結晶或半結晶之聚胺基甲酸酯聚合物具有於42℃與100℃之間範圍內的熔點。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之水性組成物,其特徵為經由根據DIN 65467以10K/min加熱速率之示差掃描量熱法而測量該結晶或半結晶之聚胺基甲酸酯聚合物具有於-100℃與-10℃之間之範圍內的玻璃轉移溫度。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之水性組成物,其特徵為該結晶或半結晶之聚胺基甲酸酯包含下列作為組分 A)一種或一種以上具有從400至5,000道耳頓之數目平均分子量的雙官能基或超過雙官能基之聚酯多醇,B)視情況一種或一種以上具有62至399道耳頓之數目平均分子量的雙官能基或超過雙官能基之多醇組分,C)至少一種組分,其包含磺酸酯及/或羧酸酯基及其另外具有至少一個異氰酸酯-反應性之羥基及/或胺基及因此導致末端或側邊之磺酸酯或,分別地,羧酸酯結構單位,D)一種或一種以上之二-或聚異氰酸酯組分及E)視情況一種或一種以上之二胺基及/或單胺基化合物F)視情況之其他異氰酸酯-反應性化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之水性組成物,其特徵為該組分b)係選自於由異佛酮-二異氰酸酯、伸己基-二異氰酸酯、雙-(4-異氰酸基環己基)-甲烷、ω,ω’-二異氰酸基-1,3-二甲基環己烷、三異氰酸基壬烷及1,3-雙(異氰酸基甲基)苯組成之群。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之水性組成物,其特徵為使用選自於由釩、鉭、鉬及鎢組成之群中之元素的化合物作為組分c)。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之水性組成物,其特徵為使用選自於由鉬酸、鉬酸鋰、鉬酸鈉、鉬酸鉀、鉬酸銣、鉬酸銫、鉬酸四甲基銨、鉬酸四乙基銨、乙醯基醋酮酸氧化 鉬、四甲基庚二酸二氧化鉬、鎢酸鈉、正釩酸鋰、偏釩酸鋰、正釩酸鈉、偏釩酸鈉及七鉬酸銨組成之群中之化合物作為組分(c)。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之水性組成物,其特徵為使用鉬酸鋰作為組分(c)。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第1至8項之一項或一項以上之水性組成物於製備黏著劑系統的用途。
- 一種用於如申請專利範圍第1至8項之一項或一項以上之製備水性組成物之的方法,其特徵為於組分a)或b)之製備中,將組分c)引進入組分a)或b)中。
- 一種包含如申請專利範圍第1至8項之一項或一項以上之水性組成物的黏著劑系統。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第11項之黏著劑系統用於黏附選自於由皮革、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、橡膠、聚胺基甲酸酯、聚醯胺及聚醚-醯胺組成之群中之材料的用途。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第11項之黏著劑系統於黏附選自於由紙、紙板、木材、纖維板及聚氯乙烯組成之群中之材料的用途。
- 一種已經以如申請專利範圍第11項之黏著劑系統黏附之基板。
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EP20090013612 EP2316866A1 (de) | 2009-10-29 | 2009-10-29 | Wässrige Zubereitung auf Basis kristalliner oder semikristalliner Polyurethanpolymere |
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EP (2) | EP2316866A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5872475B2 (zh) |
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DK (1) | DK2493946T3 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2535948T3 (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1171775A1 (zh) |
PL (1) | PL2493946T3 (zh) |
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EP3529293A1 (de) * | 2016-10-20 | 2019-08-28 | BASF Coatings GmbH | Verfahren zur herstellung einer beschichtung |
CN107982071A (zh) | 2016-10-26 | 2018-05-04 | 日晷公司 | 具有包囊的增湿剂的护发组合物和将延长的湿气释放递送至头发的方法 |
EP3498746A1 (de) | 2017-12-13 | 2019-06-19 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Verfahren zur herstellung von polyurethanpolymeren |
JP2021507040A (ja) * | 2017-12-21 | 2021-02-22 | コベストロ、ドイチュラント、アクチエンゲゼルシャフトCovestro Deutschland Ag | 特殊なポリウレタンウレアに基づき、調整可能な接着強度を有する接着剤、その製造および使用 |
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JP2013509468A (ja) | 2013-03-14 |
EP2493946A2 (en) | 2012-09-05 |
US20120225302A1 (en) | 2012-09-06 |
HK1171775A1 (zh) | 2013-04-05 |
EP2493946B1 (en) | 2015-02-25 |
DK2493946T3 (en) | 2015-05-26 |
JP5872475B2 (ja) | 2016-03-01 |
TW201124472A (en) | 2011-07-16 |
EP2316866A1 (de) | 2011-05-04 |
CN102574967B (zh) | 2014-12-24 |
ES2535948T3 (es) | 2015-05-19 |
US8846198B2 (en) | 2014-09-30 |
PL2493946T3 (pl) | 2015-07-31 |
KR101836533B1 (ko) | 2018-03-08 |
KR20120099419A (ko) | 2012-09-10 |
BR112012010053A2 (pt) | 2016-05-24 |
CN102574967A (zh) | 2012-07-11 |
WO2011051199A2 (en) | 2011-05-05 |
WO2011051199A3 (en) | 2011-10-27 |
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