TWI465261B - 用以預防濫用藥物之新穎藥學調配物 - Google Patents
用以預防濫用藥物之新穎藥學調配物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI465261B TWI465261B TW099126760A TW99126760A TWI465261B TW I465261 B TWI465261 B TW I465261B TW 099126760 A TW099126760 A TW 099126760A TW 99126760 A TW99126760 A TW 99126760A TW I465261 B TWI465261 B TW I465261B
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Description
本發明有關用於限制或確實預防濫用藥物之新穎藥學調配物。
濫用藥物等同於不當使用藥物。此現象係嚴重且不斷增加的公衛問題。濫用係由既是藥物治療物質同時為非法藥品的某些活性物質之二元性造成。
發生濫用的目的特別為以下幾種類型:尋求智力或體能表現;在派對或狂歡中尋樂;初次使用後的成癮問題;減緩肉體或心理症狀;在某些實例中為化學控制,諸如在藥品影響下之性虐待,再者有時為真正的意外濫用或不當使用藥物,例如經由老年人部分缺乏理解而發生的情況。
該濫用有許多且各不相同的結果:單純的副作用、局部濫用之組織壞死、心臟疾病、呼吸抑制、成癮或甚至犯罪,特別是強暴。
目前,可用之方法較少,且該等方法基本上為行政方法:將有疑慮物質包括在受特別立法管制的清單中,由受到擔保的處方發給,及在醫院環境中在受限制之發給規則下發給。藥品公司也被視為正努力包裝該等產品以預防(特別是)兒童誤食。
近年來,已對調配物本身的法定製劑水準(galenic level)進行研究。
例如,在成癮行為之實例或當尋求化學控制時,人們擔憂尋求不當使用藥物的人通常會直接食用該藥物或試圖萃取該活性成分。
因此,第一步驟係藉由壓碎從該藥用化合物獲得粉末。然後直接食用或吸入,且通常係藉由水性或酒精溶劑萃取。
國際申請案WO03/013479因而描述結合含鴉片止痛劑與明顯阻斷該類鴉片止痛劑之欣快效果的拮抗劑。二者化合物係同時同時釋放。然而,這類包括含鴉片促效劑及其拮抗劑的藥學調配物具有若干缺點。事實上,使用藥理活性拮抗劑可能為各種問題的成因。
申請案EP 1 293 209描述一種使用離子交換樹脂之經改良釋放形式,該離子交換樹脂限制藉由咀嚼萃取,或者藉由吸入或注射使用。然而,這種調配物不預防使用溶劑或壓碎之萃取。
國際申請案WO2005/079760描述使用塑性聚合物之多微粒調配物(NE30D),因塑性性質及使用塑化劑之故,使得難以壓碎該調配物。然而,該調配物未預防藉由溶劑萃取。
因此目前存在持續釋放調配物,其使用不同法定製劑策略以獲得該經改良釋放,但所述系統中無一者可防止非法萃取活性成分。因此,需要發展此種調配物。
因此,本發明目的係提供經特殊設計以預防不當使用藥物的藥學調配物。
本發明目的係提出防止違法萃取該活性成分的藥學調配物。
本發明目的係提出藥用化合物,特別是口服化合物,其經特殊調配以提供防止不當使用藥物的較強保護措施。
本發明目的係提出改正且添加於現存裝置之藥學調配物,以減少且使得無法不當使用藥物。
本發明另一目的係提出提供所尋求治療效果且單獨使用的藥學調配物。
本發明另一目的係提出具有使得容易服用及使用之形式與大小的藥學調配物。
因此,本發明有關包含載有活性成分之固態核心的顆粒,該核心較佳係選自不溶解載體,更特別係選自多元醇(諸如山梨醇、木糖醇,或麥芽糖醇)、膠、聚矽氧衍生物、鈣或鉀之衍生物、無機化合物(諸如磷酸二鈣、磷酸三鈣及碳酸鈣)、蔗糖、纖維素衍生物(特別是微晶型纖維素、乙基纖維素及羥丙基甲基纖維素)、澱粉及其混合物,該等顆粒亦包含載於該固態核心上之下列化合物:
- 一或多種著色劑,
- 一或多種金屬顏料,
- 一或多種釋放氣體之化合物,及
- 連同該活性成分之可能的一或多種苦味劑。
因此,本發明提出包含使用複數種法定製劑策略以使得不當使用時所遭遇的每一種技術均無法發揮作用的藥學調配物。根據上述顆粒,該等調配物呈單塊(錠劑)或多微粒形式。因此,本發明之顆粒包含複數層不同組成物,該等組成物層各具有特定功能。
「顆粒」一詞係指固態乾燥小粒組成之製品,該等固態乾燥小粒各形成具有充分固性以使得能進行各種處理步驟之粉末粒子的聚集體。
從物理觀點來看,該等顆粒係各種結晶或非晶形粉末粒子的聚集體。
本發明之顆粒目的係特別用於口服,且更特別係原態吞服。
本發明之顆粒具有獨特的核心-表皮層結構,其中該核心之性質與形成該表皮層之化合物不同。
因此,該等顆粒具有多層結構。該活性成分係沉積在該核心上,如此形成沉積在該核心或載體周圍的層或表皮層。
該等顆粒之核心亦可被視為將附著該活性成分之粒子的載體。
該核心包含固態粒子,且載於該核心上之活性成分亦為固態。
因此本發明係以新穎多微粒口服形式之發展為基礎。
本發明之顆粒具有活性成分層。
視所需之最終藥理參數而定,該第一層可被其他聚合物層覆蓋,該其他聚合物層使用不同塗覆聚合物以及各種目前使用之添加劑,諸如塑化劑、安定化劑、潤滑劑、抗黏著劑等。
本發明之顆粒包含固態核心,其較佳係選自不溶於水性或酒精溶劑之載體。藉由選擇不溶解載體以形成本發明顆粒之固態核心,預防該等顆粒被壓碎時其完全溶解。
該等顆粒的固態核心亦可包含化合物之混合物,特別是不溶解載體之混合物。因此,可舉蔗糖與澱粉或聚矽氧衍生或鈣衍生之無機化合物的混合物為例。
該固態核心亦可包含可溶解載體,其中可舉某些固態PEG等級,特別是PEG 4000或PEG 6000為例。
「聚矽氧衍生物」一詞係指從鹼矽酸鹽(尤其是)或者滑石、膨土或高嶺土所獲得之聚矽氧及聚矽氧沉澱物。
「鈣衍生物」一詞係指從氫氧化鈣衍生之晶質賦形劑,其係不溶於水之產物,於藥物中作為稀釋劑或充填劑以及研磨劑。
「鉀衍生物」一詞係特別指碳酸氫鉀及氯化鉀。
形成本發明顆粒之核心的不溶解載體當中,亦可舉鎂衍生物,特別是碳酸鹽或氧化物為例。
本發明之顆粒亦包含一或多種著色劑。該等著色劑係根據其在溶劑中之溶解性而予以選擇。例如,可針對於乙醇中之溶解性而選擇一種著色劑,且針對於水中之溶解性選擇另一著色劑。這兩種溶劑係實際上常用於萃取或溶解該等活性成分的溶劑。
所含之顏色使得飲料看起來具有惡意添加劑,例如化學控制。
本發明之顆粒亦包含一或多種金屬顏料。
存在著色劑與金屬顏料亦使得可能在壓碎該藥學形式或任何隨後之食用之後看到任何溶解作用。同樣地,若嚼食,觀察到相同現象。
該等著色劑與金屬顏料可置於本發明顆粒之不同層中的任何一處。
有利的是,存在該(等)著色劑與活性成分之緊密混合物,且金屬顏料係用於該化合物中之表層,換言之,可在表面上看到之層。
本發明顆粒之結構中亦包含一或多種當該藥物形式經水解時釋放氣體的化合物。如此,當將該等顆粒倒入液體中時,此種化合物之存在會因二氧化碳產生及放出而造成該等顆粒垂直沉浮,且該表面上顯現出一層泡沫。
當使用已為氣態之飲料(例如蘇打或可樂)時,此現象甚至更明顯。該種情況下,在到玻璃器皿中觀察到真實的起泡。
使用該等法定製劑解決方法提供最終藥學形式最大保證保護措施以防止不當使用該形式。
在較佳形式中,上述顆粒亦包含黏合劑,其角色係將該等粒子彼此黏合在一起,換言之,確保該顆粒的完美黏著。因此,黏著劑確保該活性成分與該等顆粒的核心良好黏著。
因此,黏著劑(如該活性成分)係沉積在該等顆粒的核心周圍。
可舉出大部分產生黏性溶液的親水性賦形劑,諸如阿拉伯膠及黃蓍樹膠、甲基纖維素及羧甲基纖維素、明膠、澱粉、麥芽糊精、呈酒精溶液形式之PEG 4000及6000、呈水性或酒精溶液形式之聚乙烯氫吡咯酮(polyvidone),以及蔗糖、葡萄糖或山梨醇之溶液作為黏合劑之例。
本發明顆粒之黏著劑較佳係選自澱粉、蔗糖、阿拉伯膠、聚乙烯氫吡咯酮(PVP或polyvidone)、羥丙基甲基纖維素(HPMC)、紫膠、羥丙基纖維素(HPC)、纖維素、多元醇,或褐藻酸酯、聚乙二醇甘油酯(polyglycolysed glyceride)(Gelucire®
)或聚乙二醇甘油酯(macrogolglyceride),特別是硬脂醯基聚乙二醇甘油酯(stearoyl macrogolglyceride),以及丙烯酸衍生物,及其混合物。
該等多元醇中,可特別舉甘露醇、山梨醇、麥芽糖醇或木糖醇為例。
根據一特別具體實例,該等黏著劑較佳係選自聚乙烯氫吡咯酮、紫膠、多元醇或褐藻酸酯,聚乙二醇甘油酯(Gelucire)或聚乙二醇甘油酯(macrogolglyceride),尤其是聚乙二醇甘油酯(stearoyl macrogolglyceride),及其混合物。
選自上述群組之黏著劑亦可用於特定性質;例如其可
有利地作為黏著劑pH相依性賦形劑,諸如EUDRAGIT®
L100或紫膠。聚乙二醇甘油酯(Gelucire®
)亦可因其疏水性質而較佳。
根據較佳具體實例,本發明之顆粒亦包含一或多種苦味劑。
較佳地,該苦味劑係選自苯甲地那銨、龍膽之萃取物、奎寧、咖啡因、馬錢子鹼、苦木素、丙硫氧嘧啶(PROP)、苯硫脲(PTC)、澀味化合物,諸如單寧、葡萄柚味劑及苦可可味劑。
與活性成分之緊密混合物中存在該苦味劑(或苦味促進劑)(諸如Bitrex®
(苯甲地那銨))使得若仍有可能意外嚼食甚或是萃取及/或溶解時,於意外嚼食甚或是萃取及/或溶解之後難以吸收。此種情況下,由於極難微差分離,該苦味劑與該活性成分同時溶解。
使用這種苦味化合物提供對於呈水及酒精混合物(諸如冰塊與伏特加)之「雞尾酒」形式的蓄意或祕密投藥之警告。
於存在本發明顆粒中之釋放氣體化合物當中,可特別舉選自碳酸鹽及碳酸氫鹽之化合物為例。
更特別的是,該等化合物係選自碳酸氫鈉、碳酸鈉、甘胺酸鈉碳酸鹽、碳酸氫鉀、碳酸鎂及碳酸鈣。
在用於本發明顆粒之著色劑當中,可特別舉可溶解於水性溶劑之著色劑及可溶解於酒精溶劑之著色劑為例。
在可溶解於乙醇之著色劑當中,可特別舉下列者為例:中性紅、亮藍FDC等。
在可溶解於水的著色劑當中,使用慣用食品著色劑。本發明內容中所使用之著色劑特別是列於1995年7月26日之Directive 95/45/EC者,該文獻係有關用於食品之著色劑,經2006年3月20日之Directive 2006/33/EC修訂。因此,可特別舉著色劑E100至E180為例。
亦可舉著色劑E131(專利藍)為例,其可溶解於水及乙醇二者中。
根據特佳具體實例,本發明顆粒中所使用之金屬顏料為二氧化鈦為底質之顏料,其存在該顆粒之表面上。
由於該等鈦為底質之顏料(諸如)即使在極暗色飲料(諸如可口可中亦產生閃爍,故證實使用該等顏料極有益。
該等經塗覆顆粒包含塗覆有一或多層各式賦形劑之混合物層的小粒。
因此本發明之較佳經塗覆顆粒包含由該塗覆劑組成的額外層。
本發明之顆粒亦可包含由選自蠟衍生物、塑化劑(成膜劑)、紫膠、聚乙烯氫吡咯酮、聚乙二醇(glycol polyethylene)、纖維素衍生物(諸如HPMC或HPC)、蔗糖、褐藻酸酯脂肪酸之甘油酯及甲基丙烯酸聚合物的塗覆劑組成之塗層。
「蠟衍生物」一詞係指由脂肪酸之酯類或醇類組成的天然或合成產物,通常於室溫下為固態,且在藥物製品中用於不同目的。
本發明之顆粒亦可塗覆一層添加有一或多種賦形劑之層,該等賦形劑係諸如潤滑劑、著色劑、甜味劑、塑化劑或抗黏著劑。
本發明之顆粒亦可包含腸溶塗層,該腸溶塗層特別是由甲基丙烯酸聚合物(尤其是L)、紫膠或HPMCP(苯二甲酸羥丙基甲基纖維素(hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate)-苯二甲酸羥丙基甲基纖維素(hypromellose phthalate))組成。
因此該種顆粒為腸溶型(gastro-resistant)。
該腸溶塗層之存在可影響該活性成分的生物利用率,特別是藉由預防其在酸環境中降解而影響。
本發明之顆粒亦可包含持續釋放塗層。
該種顆粒改變或延遲該等活性成分的釋放(經改良釋放之顆粒)。
這種塗層係使用特別包含S100丙烯酸酯及甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物、紫膠、纖維素衍生物,特別是乙基纖維素,及丙烯酸衍生物的塗覆劑而獲得。
存在該種經改良塗覆塗層特別是影響該活性成分的表觀半衰期。
本發明之顆粒亦可包含潤滑劑及/或調味劑及/或甜味劑。
在本發明內容中所使用的潤滑劑當中,可特別舉滑石、硬脂酸鎂、聚矽氧衍生物,特別是或蠟類為例。
在本發明內容中所使用的調味劑當中,可舉傳統上用於食品添加劑之調味劑為例。
本發明內容中所使用之甜味劑特別是列於1994年6月30日之Directive 94/35/EC者,該文獻係有關用於食品之甜味劑(經2006年7月5日之Directive 2006/25/EC修訂)。因此,特別可舉E951阿斯巴甜(aspartame)、E420山梨醇、E421甘露醇、E950醋磺內酯K(acesulfame K)、E954糖精、甜菊或索馬甜(thaumatin)為例。
本發明之顆粒可包含例如治療用藥中所使用的任何活性成分及其組合物。在較佳活性成分中,可舉鎮痛劑(antalgics)及止痛劑(analgesics)。
止痛劑即為止痛藥(painkiller)。在止痛劑類別當中,特別可舉嗎啡為底質之中樞止痛劑(嗎啡衍生物)、非嗎啡為底質之中樞止痛劑、週邊止痛劑,及其他,諸如苯並二氮呯類。
較佳地,本發明顆粒之活性成分係選自硫酸嗎啡、羥基可待酮(oxycodone)、γ-羥基丁酸或其鹽之一、似普羅啡(buprenorphine)、莫達非尼(modafinil)、右旋丙氧吩(dextropropoxyphene)、美沙酮(methadone)、反胺苯環醇(tramadol)、環丁甲羥氫嗎啡(nalbuphine)、四氫大麻酚及苯並二氮呯類藥物。
根據較佳具體實例,本發明之顆粒不包含該活性成分
之拮抗劑。因此本發明之顆粒具有不含修改該活性成分之治療作用的藥劑之優點。
因此,該等顆粒提供所尋求治療效果且單獨使用,換言之,不使用其他活性化合物,諸如該活性成分之拮抗劑。
根據另一較佳具體實例,本發明之顆粒不包含離子交換樹脂。
較佳地,本發明之顆粒包含以該顆粒總重計為0.5重量%至60重量%之活性成分。
較佳地,本發明之顆粒包含以該顆粒總重計為0.2重量%至4重量%之著色劑。
較佳地,本發明之顆粒包含以該顆粒總重計為0.1重量%至5重量%之金屬顏料。
較佳地,本發明之顆粒包含以該顆粒總重計為5重量%至20重量%之釋放氣體化合物。
較佳地,在本發明之顆粒中,該固態核心以該顆粒總重計為10重量%至85重量%。
本發明亦有關包含如前文界定之顆粒的藥學化合物。
本發明亦有關製備如前文界定之顆粒的方法,其特徵在於該方法包括藉由敷粉將活性成分施加於該不溶解載體的步驟。
根據本發明一較佳具體實例中,該活性成分係在藉由敷粉而施加於該不溶解載體之前與該著色劑、金屬顏料及釋放氣體之化合物混合。
本發明方法亦可包括在敷粉步驟之後的顆粒塗覆步驟,特別是藉由覆膜將塗覆劑以膜形式沉積在該顆粒上,然後視需要進行與潤滑劑及/或調味劑及/或甜味劑及/或著色劑或金屬顏料混合之步驟。
本發明顆粒之結果與製造具有核心-表皮層之顆粒的特定方法有關。
當藉由使用常用於粒化之不同賦形劑直接粒化方法進行對照顆粒製備時,觀察到從顆粒本身獲得之有關外觀、易脆性及溶解作用的符合要求。然而,藉由這種方法獲得之顆粒具有極高比表面積,根據慣用技術其需要較大量塗覆聚合物。
因此本發明顆粒的特徵在於其具有縮小之比表面積。此外,其外觀較平滑且具有相當規則之形狀。
上述用於製備本發明顆粒之方法的敷粉步驟亦可包括噴灑酒精、水酒精或水性黏合劑溶液的步驟。
該噴灑步驟及該敷粉步驟較佳係同時或交錯進行。
較佳地,上述敷粉步驟係在與以溶液形式噴灑黏合劑之步驟同時進行。
結合該等步驟確保該活性成分良好黏結於該等顆粒之核心上。
因此,進行本發明方法之有利方式包括藉由交錯呈溶液形式之黏合劑的噴灑順序而將呈粉末形式之活性成分施加於上述微粒載體(或顆粒核心)。
本發明方法亦可包含在該敷粉步驟之後塗覆該顆粒的一或多個步驟,特別是藉由覆膜將該(等)塗覆劑呈膜形式沉積在該顆粒上來進行。
就塗覆而言,本發明顆粒的低比表面積因此減少所使用的塗覆劑之量,因而減少該等經塗覆顆粒中的活性成分稀釋作用。
本發明方法的較佳具體實例包括在該塗覆步驟之後與潤滑劑及/或調味劑及/或甜味劑混合的步驟,該等潤滑劑及/或調味劑及/或甜味劑本身可製備成顆粒形式以便最終與該活性顆粒混合。
然而,該潤滑劑、調味劑及甜味劑亦可在上述敷粉步驟之前添加。
以下實例有關根據上述顆粒之本發明藥學調配物的特定實例。
上述錠劑係使用下列操作方法獲得:以苯甲地那銨()、聚矽氧(972)、滑石、碳酸氫鈉(釋放氣體化合物)及專利藍(著色劑)製備初始混合物(混合物1)。該等化合物在混合器中混合在一起十分鐘。
亦藉由將微米化之後的活性成分導入該混合器來製備第二混合物(混合物2)。以HPMC混合該混合物全體二十分鐘。
接著,將混合物1導入混合物2再混合二十分鐘。
然後將所形成之混合物用於在Korsch 3衝壓機中直接壓製以製造錠劑。
然後對所獲得之錠劑塗覆包含LP、著色劑及硬脂酸鎂之塗覆懸浮液。
上述顆粒係使用下列操作方法獲得:首先,藉由製備含該活性成分(羥基可待酮(oxycodone))、黏合劑(PVP)、顏料及苦味劑()之水性懸浮液來製備活性懸浮液。
然後將該懸浮液噴灑於載體(在流體化床中之甘露醇顆粒),接著在空氣床中乾燥該等顆粒。
從甘露醇、微晶型纖維素及甘胺酸碳酸鹽(glycine carbonate,釋放氣體化合物)製備初始混合物(混合物1)。
亦從上述從該活性成分所獲得的顆粒製備第二混合物(混合物2)。在導入著色劑及潤滑劑之前,將該等顆粒乾燥然後置入該混合物器中。
最後將混合物1及2混合且予以測量。
上述膠囊係使用下列操作方法獲得:將中性載體(糖/澱粉)置於慣用渦輪機中,且製備含有該活性成分(似普羅啡(buprenorphine))、黏合劑及苦味劑之水性。然後藉由交替敷粉及噴灑懸浮液階段在該糖與澱粉載體上敷粉而沉積碳酸氫鈉(釋放氣體化合物)。
然後乾燥所獲得之顆粒。
然後以包含塑化劑、著色劑及滑石之乙基纖維素的水性懸浮液施加塗層。
然後對該等顆粒進行進一步乾燥步驟以硬化該膜。
最終,將該等顆粒分裝入膠囊中。
上述膠囊係使用下列操作方法獲得:將該等纖維素載體置於慣用渦輪機中。
微米化之後,將該活性成分與碳酸鈉混合,然後藉由敷粉將該混合物施加於在該渦輪機中旋轉的載體上。
接著使用及顏料,藉由在酒精PVP黏合劑溶液中結合彼等來製備溶液。然後將該溶液噴灑在該等載體上且與交錯進行敷粉階段。
然後乾燥該獲得之顆粒以消除該活性成分敷粉步驟中所使用之溶劑。
藉由製備添加有塑化劑、潤滑劑及著色劑之甲基丙烯酸聚合物的懸浮液來製備該塗覆懸浮液。然後攪動該懸浮液,接著將之噴灑在先前獲得之顆粒上。
然後將後此種方式獲得之經塗覆顆粒再乾燥一次,且分裝於膠囊中。
藉由將該活性成分(GHB)裝載於糖球體上製備實施例5之微顆粒。
將該活性成分GHB與碳酸氫鈉及化合物(偏矽酸鎂鋁(magnesium aluminometasilicate))混合。將如此獲得之混合物壓碎。
同時,以蟲膠樹脂及乙醇製備溶液,然後將該溶液加入上述混合物中。然後亦添加糖球體。
接著將所有混合物乾燥且覆蓋從溶解在水與乙醇中之塗覆劑與的混合物所獲得之塗層。
接著將所有混合物再乾燥一次,且覆蓋從溶解在水與乙醇中之蟲膠樹脂及滑石的混合物所獲得之第二塗層。
最終,在添加滑石作為潤滑劑之前乾燥如此獲得之顆粒。
Claims (14)
- 一種包含載有活性成分之固態核心的顆粒,該核心係選自多元醇、膠、聚矽氧衍生物、無機化合物、蔗糖、纖維素衍生物、澱粉及其混合物之不溶解載體,其中該聚矽氧衍生物係從鹼矽酸鹽、滑石、膨土或高嶺土所獲得之聚矽氧及聚矽氧沉澱物;該無機化合物係選自磷酸二鈣、磷酸三鈣、碳酸鈣、碳酸氫鉀、氯化鉀、從氫氧化鈣衍生之晶質賦形劑、及碳酸鎂;且該纖維素衍生物係選自微晶型纖維素、乙基纖維素及羥丙基甲基纖維素,該顆粒亦包含載於該固態核心上之下列化合物:- 一或多種著色劑,- 一或多種金屬顏料,- 一或多種釋放氣體之化合物,- 及選擇性地一或多種苦味劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之顆粒,其中該釋放氣體之化合物係選自碳酸鹽及碳酸氫鹽。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之顆粒,其中該釋放氣體之化合物係選自碳酸氫鈉、碳酸鈉、甘胺酸鈉碳酸鹽(sodium glycine carbonate)、碳酸氫鉀、碳酸鎂及碳酸鈣。
- 如申請專利範圍第1、2或3項之顆粒,其中該金屬顏料係存在該顆粒表面上之以二氧化鈦為底質的顏料。
- 如申請專利範圍第1、2或3項之顆粒,其中該活性成分係選自鎮痛劑(antalgics)及止痛劑(analgesics )。
- 如申請專利範圍第1、2或3項之顆粒,其中該活性成分係選自硫酸嗎啡、羥基可待酮(oxycodone)、γ-羥基丁酸或其鹽之一、似普羅啡(buprenorphine)、莫達非尼(modafinil)、右旋丙氧吩(dextropropoxyphene)、美沙酮(methadone)、反胺苯環醇(tramadol)、環丁甲羥氫嗎啡(nalbuphine)、四氫大麻酚及苯並二氮呯類藥物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1、2或3項之顆粒,其中該苦味劑係選自苯甲地那銨(denatonium benzoate)、奎寧、咖啡因、馬錢子鹼、苦木素、丙硫氧嘧啶(PROP)、苯硫脲(PTC)、澀味化合物、葡萄柚味劑及苦可可味劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之顆粒,其中該澀味化合物係單寧。
- 如申請專利範圍第1、2或3項之顆粒,其中該顆粒包含以顆粒總重計為0.5重量%至60重量%之活性成分。
- 如申請專利範圍第1、2或3項之顆粒,其中該顆粒包含以顆粒總重計為0.2重量%至4重量%之著色劑、0.1重量%至5重量%之金屬顏料,及5重量%至20重量%之釋放氣體之化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1、2或3項之顆粒,其中該固態核心以顆粒總重計為10重量%至85重量%。
- 一種藥學組成物,其包含如申請專利範圍第1項 之顆粒。
- 一種製備如申請專利範圍第1項之顆粒的方法,其特徵在於方法包括藉由敷粉將活性成分施加於該不溶解載體的步驟。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項之方法,其中該活性成分係在藉由敷粉而施加於該不溶解載體之前的步驟與該著色劑、金屬顏料及釋放氣體之化合物混合。
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