TWI459741B - 使用抹除技術之功率控制 - Google Patents

使用抹除技術之功率控制 Download PDF

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TWI459741B
TWI459741B TW101102292A TW101102292A TWI459741B TW I459741 B TWI459741 B TW I459741B TW 101102292 A TW101102292 A TW 101102292A TW 101102292 A TW101102292 A TW 101102292A TW I459741 B TWI459741 B TW I459741B
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interference
base station
terminal
transmission power
estimated
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TW101102292A
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TW201220742A (en
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Arak Sutivong
Avneesh Agrawal
David Jonathan Julian
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Qualcomm Inc
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    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
    • H04W52/24—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters
    • H04W52/247—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters where the output power of a terminal is based on a path parameter sent by another terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0045—Arrangements at the receiver end
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    • H04W88/08—Access point devices

Description

使用抹除技術之功率控制
本發明大體係關於通信，且更具體言之係關於對無線通信系統的功率控制。
無線多重存取通信系統可同時支持對於多個無線終端機的通信。每一終端機經由正向鏈路及反向鏈路上之傳輸而與一或多個基地台通信。正向鏈路(或下行鏈路)係指自基地台至終端機之通信鏈路，且反向鏈路(或上行鏈路)係指自終端機至基地台之通信鏈路。
藉由使多個終端機之傳輸多工為彼此正交，多個終端機可同時於反向鏈路上傳輸。該多工試圖於多個反向鏈路傳輸間達成時間、頻率及/或程式碼領域之正交性。完全正交性(若達成)導致一接收基地台處來自每一終端機之傳輸不干擾來自其它終端機之傳輸。然而，歸因於通道條件、接收器缺陷等，經常無法實現來自不同終端機之傳輸間的完全正交性。正交性之損失導致每一終端機引起對與相同基地台通信的其它終端機之一定量之干擾。此外，來自與不同基地台通信之終端機的傳輸一般不彼此正交。因此，每一終端機亦可引起對與相鄰基地台通信之終端機之干擾。然後來自該系統中所有其它終端機之干擾會降低每一終端機之效能。
因此，此項技術中需要用於減輕干擾效應以便達成改良之效能的技術。
本文描述用於以一方式控制用於來自無線終端機之資料傳輸的傳輸功率以減輕"扇區內"干擾及"扇區間"干擾兩者的技術。調節傳輸功率，以使得將終端機對"伺服"基地台可引起之扇區內干擾量及終端機對"相鄰"基地台可引起之扇區間干擾量兩者維持於可接受之等級內。(以下描述引用之術語。)基於(1)由每一相鄰基地台所觀測到之總干擾、(2)用於伺服基地台及相鄰基地台之通道增益、(3)終端機所使用之當前傳輸功率位準，及(4)其它可能之參數，可概略地估算終端機可引起之扇區間干擾量。每一基地台可廣播一可指示由該基地台所觀測到之總干擾的報告(例如單一位元)。基於自該基地台所接收之前導訊號，可估算用於每一基地台之通道增益。可基於此等各種參數，以機率性方式、判定性方式或某其它方式來調節傳輸功率。
通常，若相鄰基地台觀測到較高干擾，則可減小傳輸功率，且若觀測到較低干擾，則增大傳輸功率。若(1)終端機位於更接近於觀測到較高干擾的基地台處及/或(2)當前傳輸功率位準更高，則亦將傳輸功率調節更大的量及/或更加頻繁地調節傳輸功率。若(1)終端機位於更接近於伺服基地台處及/或(2)當前傳輸功率位準更低，則將傳輸功率調節更小的量及/或較不頻繁地調節傳輸功率。藉由將用於資料傳輸之已接收訊號品質(SNR)限制於可允許之SNR範圍內，將終端機所引起之扇區內干擾維持於可接受等級內。
以下進一步詳細描述本發明之各種態樣及實施例。
詞"例示性"用於本文中意謂"充當實例、例子或說明"。在本文中描述為"例示性"的任一實施例或設計不一定被解釋為相對於其它實施例或設計而較佳或有利。
圖1展示一無線多向近接通信系統100。系統100包括若干基地台110，該等基地臺支持對於若干無線終端機120之通信。終端機120通常遍佈於整個系統，且每一終端機為固定的或行動的。終端機亦可稱為行動台、使用者設備(UE)、無線通信設備，或某其它術語。基地台為用於與終端機通信的固定台且亦可被稱為存取點(節點B)，或某其它術語。一系統控制器130耦接於基地台110；為此等基地台提供協調及控制；並且進一步控制用於此等基地台所伺服之終端機的資料路由。
每一基地台110向各個地理區域102提供通信覆蓋。可將基地台及/或其覆蓋區域稱為"小區"，其視使用該術語之情況而定。為了增大容量，可將每一基地台之覆蓋區域分為多個(例如三個)扇區104。一基礎收發器子系統(BTS)伺服每一扇區。術語"扇區"可指BTS及/或其覆蓋區域，其視使用該術語之情況而定。對於一扇區化之小區而言，用於該小區之基地台通常包括用於該小區之所有扇區的BTS。為了簡明起見，在以下之描述中，術語"基地台"通用於伺服小區之固定台及伺服扇區之固定台兩者。"伺服"基地台或"伺服"扇區為與終端機通信的基地臺或扇區。"相鄰"基地台或"相鄰"扇區為不與該終端機通信之基地臺或扇區。為了簡明起見，以下描述假定每一終端機與一個伺服基地台通信，但是此不是對本文所描述之技術的必要限制。
本文所描述之功率控制技術可用於各種無線通信系統。舉例而言，此等技術可用於劃時多向近接(TDMA)系統、劃頻多向近接(FDMA)系統、正交劃頻多向近接(OFDMA)系統，等等。TDMA系統使用劃時多工(TDM)，且藉由在不同時間間隔中傳輸而使得不同終端機的傳輸正交。FDMA系統使用劃頻多工(FDM)，且藉由在不同次頻帶中傳輸而使得不同終端機的傳輸正交。TDMA系統及FDMA系統亦可使用劃碼多工(CDM)。在此種情況下，使用不同正交(例如Walsh)碼可使得多個終端機的傳輸正交，即使其係在相同時間間隔或次頻帶中發送。OFDMA系統使用正交劃頻多工(OFDM)，其有效地將整個系統頻寬分割為若干(N)正交次頻帶。亦將此等次頻帶稱為音調、次載波、貯藏器(bin)及頻率通道，等等。每一次頻帶與可使用資料加以調變之各個次載波相關。OFDMA系統可使用劃時多工、劃頻多工及/或劃碼多工之任一組合。為了清晰起見，以下描述用於OFDMA系統之功率控制技術。
對於OFDMA系統而言，可定義多個"訊務"通道，藉此：(1)在任一特定時間間隔中每一次頻帶僅用於一個訊務通道，且(2)在每一時間間隔中可為每一訊務通道分配零個、一個、或多個次頻帶。訊務通道可包括用於發送訊務/封包資料之"資料"通道及用於發送耗用/控制資料之"控制"通道。訊務通道亦可被稱為實體通道、傳送通道，或某其它術語。
將用於每一扇區之訊務通道定義為在時間及頻率上彼此正交，因此在任一特定時間間隔中兩個訊務通道不會使用同一次頻帶。此正交性避免了在相同扇區中之多個訊務通道上同時發送的多個傳輸間之扇區內干擾。例如載波間干擾(ICI)及訊號間干擾(ISI)之各種效應可引起正交性之一些損失。正交性之此損失導致扇區內干擾。亦可將用於每一扇區之訊務通道定義為相對於用於相鄰扇區之訊務通道是偽隨機的。此使得由一扇區中之訊務通道所引起之對相鄰扇區中之訊務通道的"扇區間"或"其它扇區"干擾隨機化。可以各種方式達成隨機化之扇區內干擾及扇區間干擾。舉例而言，跳頻可提供隨機化之扇區內干擾及扇區間干擾以及對抗有害路徑效應之頻率多樣性。
圖2說明用於OFDMA系統的時間-頻率平面200上之跳頻(FH)。在跳頻的情況下，每一訊務通道與一特殊FH序列相關，該序列指示在每一時間間隔中用於該訊務通道之特定次頻帶。用於每一扇區中之不同訊務通道的FH序列彼此正交，因此在任一時間間隔中兩個訊務通道不會使用同一次頻帶。用於每一扇區之FH序列相對於用於相鄰扇區之FH序列而言亦是偽隨機的。無論何時在相同時間間隔中兩個訊務通道使用同一次頻帶，兩個扇區中之兩個訊務通道之間便發生干擾。然而，歸因於用於不同扇區的FH序列之偽隨機本質，扇區間干擾被隨機化。
可將資料通道分配給作用中終端機，以使得在任一特定時間每一資料通道僅由一個終端機使用。為了保存系統資源，可於使用例如劃碼多工的多個終端機間共用控制通道。若僅於頻率及時間(但並非程式碼)上使資料通道正交多工，則歸因於通道條件及接收器缺陷，該等資料通道相比控制通道而言較不易受到正交性損失的影響。
資料通道因此具有若干與功率控制相關之關鍵特徵。首先，由於頻率及時間上的正交多工，資料通道上之小區內干擾最小。第二，因為相鄰扇區使用不同FH序列，所以小區間干擾被隨機化。特定終端機所引起之小區間干擾量係由(1)該終端機所使用之傳輸功率位準及(2)該終端機相對於相鄰基地台之位置來判定。
對於資料通道而言，可執行功率控制，以使得允許每一終端機以盡可能高之功率位準傳輸，同時保持小區內干擾及小區間干擾處於於可接受等級內。可允許位於更接近其伺服基地台處之終端機以更高功率位準傳輸，因為此終端機很可能將對相鄰基地台引起更小干擾。相反地，可允許一位於更遠離其伺服基地台處且朝向扇區邊緣之終端機以更低功率位準傳輸，因為此終端機可能對相鄰基地台引起更大干擾。以此方式控制傳輸功率可潛在地減小每一基地台觀測到之總干擾，同時允許"合格"之終端機達成更高SNR且因此達成更高資料速率。
可以各種方式執行用於資料通道之功率控制以獲得以上提及之目標。為了清晰起見，以下描述功率控制之一特殊實施例。對於此實施例而言，用於特定終端機之資料通道的傳輸功率可表示為：
Pdch (n )=Pref (n )+ΔP(n )　式(1)
其中Pdch (n )為對於更新間隔n用於資料通道的傳輸功率；
Pref (n )為對於更新間隔n之參考功率位準；且
ΔP(n )為對於更新間隔n之傳輸功率增量(delta)。
以分貝(dB)為單位給出功率位準Pdch (n )及Pref (n )以及傳輸功率增量ΔP(n )。
參考功率位準為達成對於指定傳輸(例如在控制通道上)之目標訊號品質所需要的傳輸功率量。訊號品質(表示為SNR)可由訊雜比、訊雜干擾比等等加以量化。如下描述，一功率控制機製可調節參考功率位準及目標SNR，以達成用於該指定傳輸的所要之效能等級。若參考功率位準可達成目標SNR，則可將用於資料通道之已接收SNR估算為：
SNRdch (n )=SNRtarget +ΔP(n )　式(2)
式(2)假定資料通道及控制通道具有類似的干擾統計。舉例而言，若來自不同扇區之控制通道及資料通道可彼此干擾，則此為該種情況。如以下描述，可判定參考功率位準。
用於資料通道之傳輸功率可基於多種因素來設定，該等因素諸如：(1)終端機可對相鄰扇區中之其它終端機所引起之扇區間干擾量、(2)終端機對相同扇區中之其它終端機所引起之扇區內干擾量、(3)對於端機所允許之最大功率位準，及(4)其它可能之因素。以下描述每一此等因素。
可以各種方式判定每一終端機引起之扇區間干擾量。舉例而言，每一相鄰基地台可直接估算每一終端機所引起的扇區間干擾量且將其發送至該終端機，然後該終端機相應地調節其傳輸功率。此個別化干擾報告可要求廣泛之耗用訊號傳輸。為簡明起見，基於(1)每一相鄰基地台觀測到之總干擾、(2)用於該伺服基地台及相鄰基地台的通道增益，及(3)終端機所使用之傳輸功率位準，可概略地估算每一終端機引起的扇區間干擾量。以下描述量(1)及(2)。
每一基地台可估算該基地台觀測到之干擾的總量或平均量。此可藉由估算每一次頻帶上之干擾功率及基於對各個次頻帶的干擾功率估算而計算一平均干擾功率而達成。舉例而言，使用諸如算術平均法、幾何平均法、基於SNR之平均法等等之各種平均技術獲得平均干擾功率。
對於算術平均法而言，可將平均干擾功率表示為：
其中Im (k,n )為在時間間隔n中對於次頻帶k上之扇區m的干擾功率估算；且
Imeas,m (n )為在時間間隔n中用於扇區m的平均干擾功率。
量Im (k,n )及Imeas,m (n )在式(3)中為線性單位，但亦可以分貝(dB)來給出。在算術平均法的情況下，少數較大干擾功率估算可使平均干擾功率有偏差。
對於幾何平均法而言，可將平均干擾功率表示為：
幾何平均法可抑制對少數次頻帶之較大干擾功率估算，以使得該平均干擾功率低於使用算術平均法的情況下之平均干擾功率。
對於基於SNR之平均法而言，可將平均干擾功率表示為：
其中Pnom 表示對於每一次頻帶而假定之標稱已接收功率。式(5)基於標稱已接收功率而判定每一次頻帶之理論容量；計算用於所有N個次頻帶之平均容量；且判定一提供平均容量的平均干擾功率。基於SNR之平均法(亦可稱為基於容量之平均法)亦抑制對於少數次頻帶之較大干擾功率估算。
不管使用何種平均技術，每一基地台均可在多個時間間隔中將干擾功率估算及/或平均干擾功率濾波，以改良干擾量測之品質。可使用有限脈衝響應(FIR)濾波器、無限脈衝響應(IIR)濾波器，或此項技術中已知之一些其它類型之濾波器而達成濾波。因此術語"干擾"可指本文之描述中之已濾波或未濾波的干擾。
每一基地台廣播由其干擾量測，以供其它扇區中之終端機使用。可以各種方式廣播該等干擾量測。在一實施例中，將平均干擾功率(或"已量測"干擾)量化為預定數目之位元，然後經由一廣播通道將其發送。在另一實施例中，使用一指示已量測干擾是大於還是低於標稱干擾臨限值的單一位元來廣播已量測干擾。在又一實施例中，使用兩個位元來廣播已量測干擾。一個位元指示相對於標稱干擾臨限值的已量測干擾。另一位元可用作危難/應急位元，其指示已量測干擾是否超出較高干擾臨限值。亦可以其它方式發送干擾量測。
為簡明起見，以下之描述假定使用單一其它扇區干擾(OSI)位元來提供干擾資訊。每一基地台將其OSI位元(OSIB)設定如下：
其中Itarget 為標稱干擾臨限值。
或者，每一基地台可獲得一己量測之熱干擾(IOT)，該熱干擾為基地台觀測到之總干擾功率與熱雜訊功率之比率。總干擾功率可按以上所描述加以計算。藉由關閉傳輸器並量測接收器處之雜訊，可估算熱雜訊功率。可為系統選擇一特殊操作點且將其表示為IOTtarget 。更高之操作點允許終端機為資料通道使用更高之傳輸功率(平均)。然而，不需要非常高之操作點，因為系統可變得受干擾的限制，在此情形中傳輸功率增大並不說明已接收SNR增大之情形。此外，非常高之操作點會增大系統不穩定之可能性，在任一情況下，每一基地台了將其OSI位元設定如下：
其中IOTmeas,m (n)為在時間間隔n中為扇區m量測之IOT；且IOTtarget 為該扇區之所要操作點。
對於兩種情況而言，OSI位元均可用於如下描述之功率控制。
每一終端機可估算用於每一基地台之通道增益(或傳播路徑增益)，該每一基地台可自該終端機接收反向鏈路傳輸。藉由處理經由正向鏈路自該基地台所接收之前導訊號、估算已接收之前導訊號之強度/功率，並及隨著時間流逝而將前導訊號之強度估算濾波(例如使用具有幾百毫秒之時間常數的濾波器)以去除快速衰落之效應等等，可估算用於每一基地台之通道增益。若所有基地台以相同功率位準傳輸其前導訊號，則用於每一基地台之已接收前導訊號強度可指示該基地台與該終端機之間的通道增益。該終端機可形成一通道增益比率向量G ，如下：
G =[r 1 (n) r 2 (n) ...r M (n) ]　式(8)
其中r i (n) =　式(9)
g s (n )為終端機與伺服基地台之間的通道增益；
g ni (n )為終端機與相鄰基地台i之間的通信增益；且
r i (n )為用於相鄰基地台i之通道增益比率。
由於距離以相反方式與通道增益有關，可認為通道增益比率g s (n )/g ni (n )是可指示至相鄰基地台i之距離相對於至伺服基地台之距離的"相對距離"。通常，用於相鄰基地台之通道增益比率r i (n )隨著終端機朝向扇區邊緣移動而減小且隨著終端機靠近伺服基地台移動而增大。通道增益比率向量G 可用於如以下描述之功率控制。
儘管用於每一扇區之資料通道被多工為彼此正交，但是載波間干擾(ICI)、符號間干擾(ISI)等等可引起正交性之一些損失。此正交性損失引起扇區內干擾。為了減輕扇區內干擾，可控制每一終端機之傳輸功率以便將此終端機對相同扇區中之其它終端機可引起的扇區內干擾量維持於可接受等級內。此可(例如)藉由要求為每一終端機之資料通道所接收之SNR在預定之SNR範圍內來達成，如下：
SNRdch (n )[SNRmin ,SNRmax ]，　式(10)
其中SNRmin 為允許用於資料通道的最小已接收SNR；且SNRmax 為允許用於資料通道的最大已接收SNR。
最小已接收SNR確保所有終端機，尤其是位於接近扇區邊緣處之終端機，可達成最低之效能等級。在沒有此種約束的情況下，位於接近扇區邊緣處之終端機可被迫以非常低之功率位準傳輸，因為該等終端機經常造成大量扇區間干擾。
若將用於所有終端機之資料通道的已接收SNR約束於範圍[SNRmin ,SNRmax ]內，則可假定歸因於正交性損失由每一終端機引起的扇區內干擾量在可接受等級內。藉由將已接收SNR限制於此SNR範圍內，相鄰次頻帶之間已接收功率譜密度中仍可存在大至(SNRmax -SNRmin )dB之差異(假定在次頻帶上觀測到類似之扇區間干擾量，舉例而言，若控制通道及資料通道隨機地跳動以使得來自不同扇區之控制通道及資料通道可能彼此衝突，則該情況屬實)。較小之SNR範圍在存在ICI及ISI的情況下改良了系統之穩固性。已發現10 dB之SNR範圍在大多數操作情況下提供良好效能。亦可使用其它SNR範圍。
若用於資料通道之傳輸功率如式(1)中所展示而判定，則藉由將傳輸功率增量ΔP(n )約束於相應之範圍內，可將用於資料通道之已接收SNR維持於範圍[SNRmin ,SNRmax ]內，如下：
ΔP(n )[ΔPmin ,ΔPmax ]，　式(11)
其中ΔPmin 為允許用於一資料通道的最小傳輸功率增量，且
ΔPmax 為允許用於一資料通道的最大傳輸功率增量。
詳言之，ΔPmin =SNRmin -SNRtarget 且ΔPmax =SNRmax -SNRtarget 。在另一實施例中，舉例而言，可基於用於資料通道之已接收訊號功率將傳輸功率Pdch (n )約束於已判定之範圍內。舉例而言，若干擾功率在次頻帶間在統計上不同，則可使用此實施例。
然後可基於以下參數來調節用於每一終端機之資料通道的傳輸功率：由每一基地台廣播之OSI位元；由終端機計算之通道增益比率向量G ；允許用於資料通道的已接收SNR之範圍[SNRmin ,SNRmax ]，或等效的可允許之傳輸功率增量之範圍[ΔPmin ,ΔPmax ]；及用於終端機所允許之最大功率位準Pmax ，其可由終端機內之系統或功率放大器加以設定。
參數1)及2)係關於由終端機引起之扇區間干擾。參數3)係關於由終端機引起之扇區內干擾。
通常，報告較高干擾之位於接近於相鄰扇區處的終端機可以較低傳輸功率增量而傳輸，以使得其已接收SNR更接近SNRmin 。相反地，位於接近其伺服基地台處的終端機可以較高傳輸功率增量而傳輸，以使得其已接收SNR更接近SNRmax 。基於終端機與伺服基地台的接近性，可觀測到用於系統中之該等終端機的已接收SNR之分級(gradation)。每一基地台處之一排程器可利用分配已接收SNR來達成較高產出率同時確保對該等終端機之公平性。
基於以上提及之四個參數，可以各種方式調節用於資料通道之傳輸功率。功率控制機製不需要為所有終端機維持相等之SNR，尤其是在如OFDMA系統的正交系統中，在該系統中更接近基地台之終端機可以更高功率位準傳輸而不會對其它終端機引起許多問題。為清晰起見，以下描述一用於調節傳輸功率之特殊實施例。對於此實施例而言，每一終端機監視由相鄰基地台所廣播之OSI位元且僅回應最強之相鄰基地台的OSI位元，該最強之相鄰基地台具有以向量G 表示之最小通道增益比率。若將一特定基地台之OSI位元設定為'1'(歸因於基地台觀測到高於標稱扇區間干擾的干擾)，則可向下調節以此基地台作為其最強之相鄰基地台的終端機之輸出功率。相反地，若將該OSI位元設定為'0'，則可向上調節以此基地台作為其最強之相鄰基地台的終端機之輸出功率。對於其它實施例而言，每一終端機可基於為一或多個基地台(例如伺服基地台及/或相鄰基地台)所獲得的一或多個OSI來調節其傳輸功率。
因此，OSI位元判定調節傳輸功率之方向。用於每一終端機之傳輸功率調節量可取決於(1)該終端機之當前傳輸功率位準(或當前傳輸功率增量)及(2)用於最強之相鄰基地台的通道增益比率。表1列出用於基於傳輸功率增量及用於最強之基地台的通道增益比率而調節傳輸功率的一些一般規則。
可以判定性方式、機率性方式或某其它方式來調節傳輸功率。對於判定性調節而言，基於相關參數以預定方式調節傳輸功率。對於機率性調節而言，傳輸功率具有某種被調節之機率，該機率由相關參數所判定。以下描述例示性判定性調節方案及機率性調節方案。
圖3展示用於以機率性方式調節傳輸功率的過程300之一流程圖。過程300由每一終端機執行且用於每一時間間隔，在每一時間間隔中傳輸一OSI位元。最初，終端機處理最強大相鄰基地台之OSI位元(步驟312)。然後終端機可判定OSI位元為'1'還是為'0'(步驟314)。
若OSI位元為'1'，其指示高於標稱干擾等級之干擾等級，則終端機判定減小傳輸功率之機率Prdn (n )(步驟322)。基於當前傳輸功率增量ΔP(n )及如下描述之用於最強之相鄰基地台的通道增益比率r osib (n )，可計算Prdn (n )。然後終端機在0.0與1.0之間隨機地選擇一值x(步驟324)。詳言之，x為均布於0.0與1.0之間的隨機變數。若如步驟326中判定，隨機選擇之值x小於或等於機率Prdn (n )，則終端機將其傳輸功率增量減小ΔPdn 下行步進(步驟328)，如下：
ΔP(n +1)=ΔP(n )-ΔPdn 　式(12)
否則，若x大於Prdn (n )，則終端機將傳輸功率增量維持於當前位準(步驟330)。該過程自步驟328及330繼續進行至步驟342。
若在步驟314中OSI位元為'0'，其指示低於標稱干擾等級之干擾等級，則終端機基於(例如)ΔP(n )及亦如下描述之r osib (n )而判定增大傳輸功率之機率Prup (n )(步驟332)。然後終端機在0.0與1.0之間隨機地選擇一值x(步驟334)。若如步驟336中判定，隨機選擇之值x小於或等於機率Prup (n )，則終端機將其傳輸功率增量增大ΔPup 上行步進(步驟338)，如下：
ΔP(n +1)=ΔP(n )+ΔPup 　式(13)
ΔPup 及ΔPdn 之步進大小兩者均可被設定為相同之適當值(例如0.25 dB、0.5 dB、1.0 dB，等等)。若在步驟336中x大於Prup (n )，則終端機將傳輸功率增量維持於相同位準(步驟330)。該過程自步驟330及338繼續進行至步驟342。
在步驟342中，終端機將傳輸功率增量ΔP(n +1)限制於允許之範圍[ΔPmin ,ΔPmax ]內。如式(1)中展示，然後終端機基於用於下一時間間隔的傳輸功率增量ΔP(n +1)及參考功率位準Pref (n+1)來計算用於下一時間間隔之傳輸功率Pdch (n+1)(步驟344)。然後終端機將傳輸功率Pdch (n+1)限制於最大功率位準內(步驟346)，如下：
終端機將傳輸功率Pdch (n+1)用於下一時間間隔。
機率Prdn (n )及Prup (n )可為傳輸功率增量ΔP(n )及用於最強之相鄰基地台之通道增益比率r osib (n )之函數。多種函數可用於Prdn (n )及Prup (n )。每一函數對於多種功率控制特徵具有不同影響，該等特徵諸如：(1)傳輸功率調節之收斂速率及(2)用於系統中之終端機的傳輸功率增量之分佈。
在一實施例中，機率Prdn (n )及Prup (n )可定義如下：
Prup (n )=max(Prup,min ,[1-PrΔP (n )]‧[1-Prgain (n )])，及　式(15a)
Prdn (n )=max(Prdn,min ,PrΔP (n )‧Prgain (n ))，　式(15b)
其中PrΔP (n )=,　式(15c)
Prgain (n )=，　式(15d)
PrΔP (n )為關於傳輸功率位準之機率；
Prgain (n )為關於用於最強之相鄰基地台的通道增益比率的機率；
、rmax 及rmin 為經選擇以達成所要功率控制特徵的標準化常數；
Prup,min 為用於向上調節傳輸功率的最小機率；且
Prdn,min 為用於向下調節傳輸功率的最小機率。
對於由式組(15)展示之實施例而言，Prdn (n )及Prup (n )為由傳輸功率位準及用於最強之相鄰基地台的通道增益比率所判定之聯合機率。最小機率Prup,min 及Prdn,min 改良穩定狀態特徵且促進用於處於極端狀態(例如非常高或非常低之通道增益值)中之點的一些運動。如式組(15)中所展示而導出的機率Pr d n (n )及Prup (n )符合表1中給出之一般性傳輸功率調節規則。亦可用一些其它函數來導出機率Pr d n (n )及Prup (n )，且此在本發明之範疇內。
圖4展示用於以判定性方式來調節傳輸功率的過程400之一流程圖。過程400亦由每一終端機執行且用於每一時間間隔，在每一時間間隔中傳輸一OSI位元。終端機處理最強之相鄰基地台之OSI位元(步驟412)且判定OSI位元為'1'還是為'0'(步驟414)。若OSI位元為'1'，則終端機判定用於下一時間間隔的傳輸功率之減小量ΔPdn (n+1)(步驟422)。基於當前傳輸功率增量ΔP(n )及用於最強之相鄰基地台的通道增益比率r osib (n )，可判定可變下行步進大小。然後終端機將傳輸功率增量減小ΔPdn (n+1)(步驟424)。否則，若OSI位元為'0'，則終端機基於(例如)ΔP(n )及rosib (n )而判定用於下一時間間隔的傳輸功率之增大量ΔPup (n +1)(步驟432)。然後終端機將傳輸功率增量增大ΔPup (n +1)(步驟434)。在步驟424及434之後，終端機將用於下一時間間隔之傳輸功率增量ΔP(n +1)限制於可允許範圍Δ[Pmin ,ΔPmax ]內(步驟442)且進一步計算用於下一時間間隔之傳輸功率並將其限制於最大功率位準內(步驟444及446)。
基於ΔP(n )及r osib (n )之一預定函數(例如類似於由式組(15)所表示之函數)，可判定可變步進大小ΔPdn (n +1)及ΔPup (n +1)。將可變步進大小定義為與ΔP(n )成比例且與r osib (n )成反比。基於用於不同ΔP(n )及r osib (n )值的不同機率及步進大小值之檢查表或藉由某其它方法，亦可判定調節機率及可變步進大小。
圖3及4展示用於分別以機率性方式及判定性方式調節傳輸功率的例示性實施例。對於圖3中展示之機率性實施例而言，基於參數ΔP(n )及r osib (n )判定調節機率，且固定大小之上行步進及下行步進用於傳輸功率調節。對於圖4中展示之判定性實施例而言，將調節機率固定於1.0處，且基於參數ΔP(n )及r osib (n )判定上行步進大小及下行步進大小。亦可對此等實施例做出各種修改。舉例而言，可變上行步進大小及下行步進大小亦可用於機率性實施例。作為另一實例，固定大小之上行步進及下行步進可用於判定性實施例。
如以上描述，可基於OSI位元、通道增益、先前功率增量ΔP(n -1)、可允許之功率增量範圍及用於終端機之最大功率位準而調節用於資料通道之功率增量ΔP(n )。通常，可基於任一參數或參數之任一組合而調節功率增量ΔP(n )。可用於調節ΔP(n )之其它參數包括當前傳輸功率Pdch (n )、峰值至平均值補償因子ΔPbo 、可潛在地觀測到來自終端機之較高干擾的"指定"組之基地台，等等。可由終端機用於傳輸之次頻帶之數目來判定峰值至平均值補償因子，若更多次頻帶用於傳輸，則可將更高值用於ΔPbo 。用於資料通道之傳輸功率可被約束為小於Pmax 減去補償因子，或Pdch (n )(Pmax -ΔPbo )。
亦可基於由多個基地台(例如伺服基地台及/或相鄰基地台)所發送之OSI位元而調節用於終端機之傳輸功率。可以與用於伺服基地台及相鄰基地台之方式相同或不同之方式來調節傳輸功率。終端機可正交於與伺服基地台通信之其它終端機，但是，若不能達成完全正交，則可對此等其它終端機引起一些干擾。若將用於伺服基地台的OSI位元設定為'1'，則可將用於終端機之傳輸功率調節得更低。基於計算模擬、實驗性量測等等，可判定歸因於來自伺服基地台之OSI位元的傳輸功率調節量，以達成良好效能。
亦可基於其它參數、標準及資訊而調節用於終端機之傳輸功率。舉例而言，終端機可僅考慮來自指定組中之基地台的OSI位元。終端機亦可考慮或不考慮用於傳輸功率調節的一特定基地台，此係基於用於該基地台之通道增益及/或其它參數。終端機亦可基於可用於傳輸功率調節所考慮之基地台的所有資訊，將傳輸功率調節不同的量及/或以不同方式調節傳輸功率。
圖5展示可用於調節用於系統100中之一終端機120x的傳輸功率的功率控制機製500。終端機120x與一伺服基地台110x通信且可對相鄰基地台110a至110m引起干擾(雖然量不同)。功率控制機製500包括一參考循環510及一第二循環520。參考循環510在終端機120x與伺服基地台110x之間運作。第二循環520在終端機120x與相鄰基地台110a至110m及可能之伺服基地台110x之間運作。為簡明起見，圖5僅展示循環510及520在終端機120x處之部分。
參考循環510調節用於控制通道(或某其它訊務通道)之傳輸功率且試圖維持用於此控制通道之已接收SNR(如伺服基地台110x處所量測)盡可能接近目標SNR。如下描述，對於參考循環510而言，伺服基地台110x估算用於控制通道之已接收SNR；比較已接收SNR與目標SNR；且基於比較結果而產生傳輸功率控制(TPC)指令。每一TPC指令可為(1)UP(增大)指令以引導增大用於控制通道之傳輸功率，或(2)DOWN(減小)指令以引導減小傳輸功率。伺服基地台110x於正向鏈路(雲狀物570)上將TPC指令傳輸至終端機120x。
終端機120x接收並處理來自伺服基地台110x之正向鏈路傳輸且將"已接收"TPC指令提供至一TPC指令處理器542。每一已接收TPC指令為由伺服基地台110x所傳輸之TPC指令的一有雜訊之版本。處理器542偵測每一已接收TPC指令且獲得一"TPC決策"，(1)若認為已接收TPC指令為UP指令則該TPC決策為UP決策，或(2)若認為已接收TPC指令為DOWN指令則該TPC決策為DOWN決策。一控制通道傳輸(TX)功率調節單元544基於來自TPC指令處理器542之TPC決策而調節用於控制通道之傳輸功率Pcch (n )。舉例而言，單元544對於每一UP決策可將Pcch (n )增大ΔPcch,up 上行步進且對於每一DOWN決策將Pcch (n )減小ΔPcch,up 下行步進。一TX資料處理器/調變器560將用於控制通道之傳輸功率設定為由單元544所指示之Pcch (n )位準。將控制通道上之傳輸發送至伺服基地台110x。
歸因於反向鏈路(雲狀物540)上之路徑損失、衰落及多路徑效應(其一般隨時間流逝而變化且對於行動終端機而言尤其如此)，用於控制通道之已接收SNR不斷地波動。在反向鏈路通道條件中存在改變之情況下，參考循環510試圖維持已接收SNR處於目標SNR處或接近於目標SNR。
第二循環520調節用於資料通道(或某其它訊務通道)之傳輸功率，以使得將盡可能高之功率位準用於資料通道同時將扇區間干擾及扇區內干擾保持於可接受等級內。對於第二循環520而言，一OSI位元處理器552接收並處理由相鄰基地台110a至110m及可能之伺服基地台110x所廣播之OSI位元。OSI位元處理器552將來自基地台之已偵測OSI位元提供至一傳輸功率增量調節單元556。一通道估算器554接收來自伺服基地台及相鄰基地台之前導訊號；估算用於每一基地台之通道增益；並將用於所有基地台之已估算通道增益提供至單元556。單元556判定用於相鄰基地台之通道增益比率且識別最強之相鄰基地台。如以上描述，單元556基於已偵測OSI位元及用於最強之鄰居的通道增益比率而進一步調節用於資料通道之傳輸功率增量ΔP(n )。單元556可實施過程300或400，且可以機率性方式或判定性方式來調節ΔP(n )。通常，單元556可基於用於任一數目之基地台的已偵測OSI位元及/或其它相關資訊而調節傳輸功率增量ΔP(n )，該等基地台可包括伺服基地台及/或相鄰基地台。
一資料通道傳輸功率計算單元558接收用作參考功率位準Pref (n )的控制通道傳輸功率Pcch (n )，及傳輸功率增量ΔP(n )。單元558基於Pcch (n )及ΔP(n )而計算用於資料通道之傳輸功率Pdch (n )。單元560將用於資料通道之傳輸功率設定為由單元558所指示之Pdch (n )位準。將資料通道上之傳輸發送至伺服基地台110x。資料通道及控制通道上之傳輸可對相鄰基地台110a至110m引起干擾。
每一基地台110在反向鏈路上接收來自終端機之傳輸；估算由基地台觀測到之干擾；比較已量測干擾與標稱干擾臨限值；基於比較結果而相應地設定OSI位元且在正向鏈路上之廣播該OSI位元。
參考循環510及第二循環520可並行運作，但可以不同速率加以更新，循環510為一快於循環520之循環。可選擇用於兩個循環之更新速率以達成所要之功率控制效能。作為一實例，可以例如150次每秒之速率更新參考循環510，且可以例如10至20次每秒之速率更新第二循環。參考循環510及第二循環520分別作用於控制通道及資料通道上所發送之傳輸。如圖2中展示，在每一跳動週期中可向控制通道及資料通道分配不同次頻帶。在此種情況下，參考循環510及第二循環520可同時作用於不同次頻帶上所發送之傳輸。亦可使控制通道與資料通道多工(例如使用TDM及/或CDM)且於相同次頻帶上將其發送。
圖6展示一可用於控制通道的功率控制機製600。功率控制機製600(其可用於圖5中之參考循環510)包括一內循環610、一外循環620及一第三循環630。內循環610試圖維持用於控制通道之已接收SNR盡可能接近目標SNR。對於內循環610而言，伺服基地台110x處之一SNR估算器642估算用於控制通道之已接收SNR且將該已接收SNR提供至一TPC指令產生器644。產生器644比較已接收SNR與目標SNR且基於比較結果而產生TPC指令。伺服基地台110x在正向鏈路(雲狀物570)上將TPC指令傳輸至終端機120x。如上文對圖5所描述，終端機120x接收並處理來自伺服基地台110x之TPC指令且調節用於控制通道之傳輸功率。
可在控制通道上以區塊形式發送資料，且可使用一區塊碼將每一資料區塊編碼以獲得相應之碼字組(或編碼資料區塊)。可不將誤差偵測碼用於控制通道。在此種情況下，伺服基地台可對每一已接收碼字組執行抹除偵測，以判定碼字組為已抹除或是未抹除的碼字組。可認為一已抹除碼字組不可靠並加以相應地處理(例如丟棄)。藉由為每一已接收碼字組計算一量度；比較已計算之量度與抹除臨限值；並基於比較結果而宣佈已接收碼字組為已抹除或未抹除的，可執行抹除偵測。
外循環620調節目標SNR，以便為控制通道達成一目標抹除率Prerasure 。目標抹除率指示宣佈一已接收碼字組為已抹除碼字組的所要機率(例如10%)。一量度計算單元652計算用於每一已接收碼字組之量度。一抹除偵測器654基於其已計算之量度及抹除臨限值而對每一已接收碼字組執行抹除偵測，並將已接收碼字組之狀態(已抹除或未抹除)提供至一目標SNR調節單元656。然後單元656調節用於控制通道之目標SNR，如下：
其中SNRtarget (k )為用於外循環更新間隔k之目標SNR；
ΔSNRup 為用於目標SNR之上行步進大小；且
ΔSNRdn 為用於目標SNR之下行步進大小。
ΔSNRup 及ΔSNRdn 步進大小可基於以下來設定：
第三循環630調節抹除臨限值，以便為控制通道達成一目標條件誤差率Prerror 。當認為一已接收碼字組未抹除時，目標條件誤差率指示該已接收碼字組經錯誤解碼之所要機率。較小Prerror (例如1%)對應於對於未抹除碼字組之解碼結果之較高可信度。終端機110x及/或與伺服基地台110x通信之其它終端機可週期性地於控制通道上傳輸已知碼字組或當被觸發時於控制通道上傳輸已知碼字組。單元652及654以與用於已接收碼字組之方式相同的方式對每一已接收之已知碼字組執行抹除偵測。對於被認為是已抹除的每一已接收之已知碼字組而言，一解碼器662將已接收之已知碼字組解碼且判定該已解碼之資料區塊是正確還是錯誤。解碼器662提供每一已接收之已知碼字組的狀態，該狀態可為已抹除、"良好"或"不良"。良好碼字組為被認為是未抹除且經正確解碼的已接收之已知碼字組。不良碼字組為被認為是未抹除但經錯誤解碼的已接收之已知碼字組。一抹除臨限值調節單元664基於每一已接收之已知碼字組的狀態而調節抹除臨限值，如下：
其中THerasure ()為用於第三循環更新間隔1之抹除臨限值；
ΔTHup 為用於抹除臨限值之上行步進大小；且
ΔTHdn 為用於抹除臨限值之下行步進大小。
式(18)假定較低之抹除臨限值會增大一已接收碼字組被宣佈為已抹除碼字組的機率。
ΔTHup 及ΔTHdn 步進大小可基於以下來設定：
一般以不同速率更新內循環610、外循環620及第三循環630。內循環610為三個循環中最快之循環，且用於控制通道之傳輸功率可以一特定速率(例如150次每秒)來更新。外循環620為下一最快循環，且無論何時於控制通道上接收到碼字組便可更新目標SNR。第三循環630為最慢循環，且無論何時於控制通道上接收到已知碼字組便可更新抹除臨限值。可選擇用於三個循環之更新速率以達成對控制通道之抹除偵測及功率控制所要之效能。在2004年7月13日申請之題為"Robust Erasure Detection and Erasure-Rate-Based Closed Loop Power Control"的共同讓渡之美國專利申請案序號【代理人案號040404 U1】中進一步描述功率控制機製600。
為清晰起見，以上已對於功率控制之各種態樣描述特殊實施例。基於本文所提供之描述亦可得到許多其它實施例。以下提供一些實例。
相同之可允許傳輸功率增量範圍[ΔPmin ,ΔPmax ]，可用於系統中之所有終端機。不同之範圍[ΔPmin ,ΔPmax ]亦可用於不同終端機，例如視其位置而定。舉例而言，具有用於最強之相鄰基地台之較小通道增益比率的終端機可使用相比位於更接近伺服基地台處之終端機而言更小之傳輸功率增量範圍(例如ΔPmin 相同但ΔPmax 更小)。
如以上描述，可將用於導出資料通道傳輸功率Pdch (n )之參考功率位準Pref (n )設定為用於另一功率控制通道的傳輸功率。亦可以其它方式獲得參考功率位準，例如基於用於伺服基地台之通道增益來估算參考功率位準。亦可直接調節資料通道傳輸功率，而不是經由傳輸功率增量來調節。伺服基地台提供反饋以通知終端機該資料通道傳輸功率是否在允許範圍內。
如以上描述，終端機可僅回應最強之相鄰基地台之OSI位元。終端機亦可基於多個相鄰基地台之OSI位元而調節其傳輸功率。舉例而言，終端機可對S個最強相鄰基地台執行過程300或400，一次一個基地台，其中S>1。在調節機率(對於過程300)或可變步進大小(對於過程400)中可考慮用於每一相鄰基地台之通道增益比率。
如以上描述，可使用單一OSI位元來指示由每一基地台觀測到之干擾。亦可使用多個位元來報告干擾。此可允許終端機更快及/或更有效地調節其傳輸功率。此方式又改良了總體系統穩定性及效能。舉例而言，每一基地台可報告關於已量測干擾離標稱干擾臨限值"多遠"之資訊。作為另一實例，當干擾等級超過較高干擾臨限值時，每一基地台廣播可被設定為'1'的額外位元(危難/應急位元)。此較高臨限值可顯著高於(例如高出2至3個標準差)標稱臨限值。迅速上升或出乎尋常地高之干擾等級經常是系統變得不穩定之徵兆。一旦觀測到應急位元組(bit set)，每一終端機便可將其傳輸功率增量簡單地設定為最小值ΔPmin 且可保持處於此傳輸功率位準直至應急位元被重設為'0'為止。連同用於控制通道之功率控制一起，此機製可有效確保系統穩定性。
若使由基地台觀測到之干擾隨機化(例如具有跳頻)，則每一基地台可將其干擾資訊廣播至所有終端機。若基地台具有更多特殊干擾資訊，則可以一方式調節終端機之傳輸功率以利用此資訊。舉例而言，可向每一終端機分配一或多個用於資料傳輸之特殊次頻帶(不具有跳頻)。然後基地台可於不同次頻帶上觀測到不同干擾量。基於終端機之已分配之次頻帶，可具體識別引起大量干擾的終端機，且可相應地減小此等終端機之傳輸功率。
用於資料通道之已接收SNR判定用於每一終端機所支持之資料速率。對於以上描述之實施例而言，此已接收SNR取決於(1)與參考功率位準相關之目標SNR及(2)由終端機所使用之傳輸功率增量ΔP(n )。如以上描述，不具有任一來自伺服基地台之輸入的終端機可自動調節傳輸功率增量。終端機可將傳輸功率增量、用於資料通道之已接收SNR、用於資料通道所支持之資料速率或等效資訊發送至伺服基地台。終端機亦可發送終端機以當前傳輸功率增量可支持的最大數目之次頻帶Nsb,max (n )、所要之服務品質(QoS)、緩衝器大小等等。為了減小訊號傳輸量，終端機可經由資料通道上之頻帶中訊號傳輸而於每幾個更新間隔發送ΔP(n )及Nsb,max (n )，等等。
伺服基地台處/用於伺服基地台之排程器使用由終端機所報告之所有資訊來將資源分配給終端機且對用於反向鏈路上之資料傳輸的終端機排程。排程器可將Nsb,max (n )個次頻帶、少於Nsb,max (n )個次頻帶、或多於Nsb,max (n )個次頻帶分配給終端機。若排程器分配多於Nsb,max (n )個次頻帶，則終端機可相應地按比例縮小傳輸功率增量。舉例而言，若分配2Nsb,max (n )個次頻帶，則將ΔP(n )按比例縮小因子二。
如以上描述，每一終端機可基於終端機自其伺服基地台及相鄰基地台所獲得之各條資訊來執行功率控制。亦可由每一基地台對與該基地台通信之所有終端機執行功率控制。舉例而言，每一基地台可例如經由基地台或來自終端機之傳輸之間的訊號傳輸而獲得用於每一相鄰基地台之干擾報告(例如OSI位元)。每一基地台亦可獲得由每一終端機判定之用於伺服基地台及相鄰基地台之通道增益。然後每一基地台可基於干擾報告及可適用於該終端機之通道增益而計算用於每一終端機之傳輸功率增量且將傳輸功率增量發送至該終端機。然後每一終端機可使用自其伺服基地台所接收之傳輸功率增量而調節其傳輸功率。或者，每一基地台可計算並發送用於每一終端機之傳輸功率。用於與每一基地台通信之所有終端機的傳輸功率增量之可用性可加速對該等終端機之排程。
本文描述之功率控制技術可用於各種類型之無線通信系統。此等技術尤其適用於具有較小扇區內干擾的系統，例如OFDMA、TDMA及FDMA系統。
本文描述之技術用於各種類型之訊務通道(例如資料通道及控制通道)的功率控制。此等技術亦良好地適用於混合自動重傳(H-ARQ)方案。在H-ARQ之情況下，將每一編碼封包分成多個(Nbl)子區塊，且每一次傳輸一子區塊用於編碼封包。由於經由反向鏈路而接收用於一特定編碼封包的每一子區塊，因此伺服基地台試圖基於到此為止所接收到之用於該封包的所有子區塊來解碼並恢復該封包。因為子區塊包含當已接收SNR較低時有助於解碼但當已接收SNR較高時不需要的冗餘資訊，所以伺服基地台能夠基於一部分傳輸而恢復該封包。若將封包正確解碼，則伺服基地台傳輸一確認(ACK)，且終端機一接收到該ACK便提前終止封包之傳輸。
在H-ARQ之情況下，可在可變量之時間中傳輸每一編碼封包直至將其正確解碼為止。基於封包誤差率(PER)而調節用於資料通道之已接收SNR的習知功率控制機製將用於資料通道之傳輸功率減小至較低等級，以便達成目標PER且為每一編碼封包傳輸所有Nbl個子區塊。此可大大減小系統產出率。本文所描述之技術允許使用較高傳輸功率位準，即使在由H-ARQ所支持之可變持續時間傳輸的情況下亦是如此。
圖7展示終端機120x、伺服基地台110x及相鄰基地台110a之一實施例的一方塊圖。在反向鏈路上，於終端機120x處，一TX資料處理器710處理(例如編碼、交錯及調變)反向鏈路(RL)訊務資料且向訊務資料提供調變符號。TX資料處理器710亦處理來自一控制器720之控制資料(例如通道品質指示符)且向控制資料提供調變符號。一調變器(MOD)712處理用於訊務資料及控制資料之調變符號及前導符號，且提供一序列之複值碼片(complex-valued chip)。由TX資料處理器710及調變器712執行之處理視系統而定。若系統使用OFDM，則調變器712執行OFDM調變。一傳輸器單元(TMTR)714調節(例如變換至類比、放大、濾波及增頻變換)該序列之碼片且產生一反向鏈路訊號，該訊號經由一雙工器(D)716而投送且經由一天線718而傳輸。
在伺服基地台110x處，來自終端機120x之反向鏈路訊號由一天線752x接收、經由一雙工器754x而投送且被提供至一接收器單元(RCVR)756x。接收器單元756x調節(例如，濾波、放大及降頻變換)已接收訊號且進一步使已調節訊號數位化，以獲得一資料樣本流。一解調變器(DEMOD)758x處理資料樣本以獲得符號估算。然後一接收(RX)資料處理器760x處理(例如解交錯及解碼)符號估算以獲得用於終端機120x之解碼資料。RX資料處理器760x亦執行抹除偵測且將用於功率控制的每一已接收碼字組之狀態提供至一控制器770x。由解調變器758x及RX資料處理器760x執行之處理分別補充由調變器712及TX資料處理器710所執行之處理。
可可類似於以上描述之對於反向鏈路傳輸之處理的方式執行對於正向鏈路傳輸之處理。一般由系統指定對於正向鏈路及反向鏈路上之傳輸的處理。
對於反向鏈路功率控制而言，於伺服基地台110x處，一SNR估算器774x估算用於終端機120x之已接收SNR且將已接收SNR提供至一TPC指令(cmd)產生器776x。產生器776x亦接收目標SNR且產生用於終端機120x之TPC指令。TPC指令由一TX資料處理器782x及一調變器784x處理、由一傳輸器單元786x調節、經由雙工器754x而投送，且經由天線752x而傳輸至終端機120x。在相鄰基地台110a處，一干擾估算器774a估算由該基地台觀測到之干擾且將已量測干擾提供至一OSI位元產生器776a。產生器776a亦接收標稱干擾臨限值且產生用於基地台110a之OSI位元。在系統中處理OSI位元且將其廣播至終端機。產生器776a亦可產生應急位元或某其它類型之干擾報告。
在終端機120x處，來自伺服基地台及相鄰基地台之正向鏈路訊號由天線718接收。已接收訊號經由雙工器716而投送、由一接收器單元740調節並加以數位化、且由一解調變器742及一RX資料處理器744處理，以獲得已接收TPC指令及已接收OSI位元。解調變器742內之一通道估算器估算用於每一基地台之通道增益。一TPC處理器724偵測已接收TPC指令以獲得用於更新用於控制通道之傳輸功率的TPC決策。如以上描述，TPC處理器724亦基於用於相鄰基地台之已接收OSI位元、用於伺服基地台及相鄰基地台之通道增益及用於資料通道及控制通道之傳輸功率而調節用於資料通道之傳輸功率。TPC處理器724(或控制器720)可實施圖3中之過程300或圖4中之過程400。TPC處理器724提供用於控制通道及資料通道之傳輸功率調節。處理器710及/或調變器712受到TPC處理器724的控制且調節用於控制通道及資料通道之傳輸功率。
控制器720、770x及770a分別指導終端機120x以及基地台110x及110a內之各種處理單元的操作。此等控制器亦可執行用於反向鏈路之功率控制的各種功能。舉例而言，控制器720及770x可分別對終端機120x及基地台110x實施圖5及圖6中展示之處理單元。記憶體單元722、772x及772a分別儲存用於控制器720、770x及770a之資料及程式碼。一排程器780x將用於至/自伺服基地台110x之資料傳輸的終端機排程。
可由各種方法來實施本文描述之功率控制技術。舉例而言，可在硬體、軟體或其一組合中實施此等技術。對於硬體實施例而言，用於執行過濾控制之處理單元可實施於一或多個特殊應用積體電路(ASIC)、數位訊號處理器(DSP)、數位訊號處理設備(DSPD)、可程式化邏輯設備(PLD)、現場可程式化閘極陣列(FPGA)、處理器、控制器、微控制器、微處理器、經設計以執行本文所描述之功能的其它電子單元或其一組合內。
對於軟體實施例而言，可使用執行本文所描述之功能的模組(例如程序、功能，等等)來實施功率控制技術。軟體程式碼可儲存於記憶體單元(例如圖7中之記憶體單元722)中且由一處理器(例如控制器720)來執行。該記憶體單元可實施於處理器內或處理器外，在該種情況下其可經由先前技術中已知之各種方法以可通信方式耦接於處理器。
提供已揭示實施例之先前描述以賦能任一熟習此項技術者來製作或使用本發明。對此等實施例之各種修正對於熟習此項技術者而言將顯而易見，且本文所定義之一般原理可應用於其它實施例而不會脫離本發明之精神及範疇。因此，本發明並不限於本文所展示之實施例，而是將符合與本文所揭示之原理及新穎特徵一致的最廣泛範疇。
100．．．無線多向近接通信系統
102．．．地理區域
104．．．扇區
110x．．．伺服基地台
110a、110m．．．相鄰基地台
120x．．．終端機
130．．．系統控制器
200．．．時間-頻率平面
500．．．功率控制機製
510．．．參考循環
520．．．第二循環
540．．．反向鏈路
542．．．TPC指令處理器
544．．．控制通道傳輸功率調節單元
552．．．OSI位元處理器
554．．．通道估算器
556．．．輸功率增量調節單元
558．．．資料通道傳輸功率計算單元
560．．．TX資料處理器/調變器
570．．．正向鏈路
600．．．功率控制機製
610．．．內循環
620．．．外循環
630．．．第三循環
642．．．SNR估算器
644．．．TPC指令產生器
652．．．量度計算單元
654．．．抹除偵測器
656．．．目標SNR調節單元
662．．．解碼器
664．．．抹除臨限值調節單元
710．．．傳輸資料處理器
712．．．調變器
714．．．傳輸單元
716．．．雙工器
718．．．天線
720．．．控制器
722．．．記憶體單元
724．．．TPC處理器
740．．．接收器單元
742．．．解調變器
744．．．接收資料處理器
752x、752a．．．天線
754x、754a．．．雙工器
756x、756a．．．接收器單元
758x、758a．．．解調變器
760x、760a．．．接收資料處理器
770x、770a．．．控制器
772x、772a．．．記憶體單元
774x．．．SNR估算器
774a．．．干擾估算器
776x．．．TPC指令產生器
776a．．．OSI位元產生器
780x．．．排程器
782x、782a．．．傳輸資料處理器
784x、784a．．．調變器
786x、786a．．．傳輸器單元
圖1展示一無線多向近接通信系統；
圖2說明一時間-頻率平面上之跳頻；
圖3展示一用於以機率性方式調節傳輸功率的過程；
圖4展示一用於以判定性方式調節傳輸功率的過程；
圖5展示一用於一資料通道的功率控制機製；
圖6展示一用於一控制通道的功率控制機製；且
圖7展示一終端機、一伺服基地台，及一相鄰基地台。
(無元件符號說明)

Claims (8)

  1. 一種報告一無線通信系統中之干擾的方法，其包含：估算一基地台處觀測到之干擾；形成一用於該已估算干擾的干擾報告；及經由一無線通道而廣播該干擾報告；比較該已估算干擾與一第一干擾臨限值；基於該已估算干擾是高於還是低於該第一干擾臨限值而設定一第一位元，且其中該干擾報告包含該第一位元；比較該已估算干擾與一高於該第一干擾臨限值的第二干擾臨限值；及基於該已估算干擾是高於還是低於該第二干擾臨限值而設定一第二位元，且其中該干擾報告進一步包含該第二位元。
  2. 如請求項1之方法，其中該干擾確實排除為向該基地台傳輸之終端機所接收之訊號功率。
  3. 如請求項1之方法，其中該估算一基地台處觀測到之干擾之步驟包含獲得一用於該基地台處之複數個次頻帶之每一者的干擾估算，及基於用於該等複數個次頻帶的複數個干擾估算而得出該已估算干擾。
  4. 如請求項3之方法，其中該已估算干擾為用於該等複數個次頻帶的該等複數個干擾估算之一算術平均值。
  5. 如請求項3之方法，其中該已估算干擾為用於該等複數個次頻帶的該等複數個干擾估算之一幾何平均值。
  6. 如請求項3之方法，其中基於用於該等複數個次頻帶的該等複數個干擾估算之一基於容量之平均法而獲得該已估算干擾。
  7. 一種在一無線通信系統中之裝置，其包含：一干擾估算器，其可操作以估算一基地台處觀測到之干擾；一控制器，其可操作以形成一用於該已估算干擾之干擾報告；及一資料處理器，其可操作以處理經由一無線通道而廣播之該干擾報告，其中該控制器可操作以：比較該已估算干擾與一第一干擾臨限值；基於該已估算干擾是高於還是低於該第一干擾臨限值而設定一第一位元，且其中該干擾報告包含該第一位元；比較該已估算干擾與一高於該第一干擾臨限值的第二干擾臨限值；及基於該已估算干擾是高於還是低於該第二干擾臨限值而設定一第二位元，且其中該干擾報告進一步包含該第二位元。
  8. 一種在一無線通信系統中之裝置，其包含：用於估算一基地台處觀測到之干擾的構件； 用於形成一用於該已估算干擾之干擾報告的構件；及用於經由一無線通道而廣播該干擾報告的構件；用於比較該已估算干擾與一第一干擾臨限值的構件；用於基於該已估算干擾是高於還是低於該第一干擾臨限值而設定一第一位元的構件，且其中該干擾報告包含該第一位元；用於比較該已估算干擾與一高於該第一干擾臨限值的第二干擾臨限值的構件；及用於基於該已估算干擾是高於還是低於該第二干擾臨限值而設定一第二位元的構件，且其中該干擾報告進一步包含該第二位元。
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