TWI417189B - 包含穩定化氧化鎢劑之夾層 - Google Patents
包含穩定化氧化鎢劑之夾層 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本發明係屬於多層鑲玻璃板夾層之領域,更明確而言,本發明係屬於包括穩定化氧化鎢劑之多層鑲玻璃板夾層之領域。
聚乙烯醇縮丁醛(PVB)常被用於製造可在透光層壓物諸如安全玻璃或聚合層壓物中用作夾層的聚合物層。安全玻璃通常係指包括設置於二片玻璃之間之增塑聚乙烯醇縮丁醛夾層之透明層壓物。安全玻璃通常係用於在建築物和汽車開口中提供透明屏障。它的主要功能在於吸收能量,諸如由物體打擊所引起的能量,使其不致穿透過開口,或分散玻璃碎片,因此使對封閉區域內物體之破壞或人員之傷害減至最小。安全玻璃亦可用於提供其他有益作用,諸如減低噪音、減少紫外線及/或紅外線光透射、及/或增進窗戶開口之外觀和美觀。
除其聚合成分之外,夾層經常包括可改變透射通過鑲玻璃成品之輻射光譜的各種試劑。然而,該等試劑通常不穩定,或會在完成之層壓物中引起不期望的作用。
技術中需要以使期望試劑可保持穩定而不會影響聚合物夾層之其他特性之方式調配的夾層。
本發明包括用於多層鑲玻璃板之聚合物夾層。本發明之夾層包括熱塑性聚合物、增塑劑、氧化鎢劑和防止氧化鎢劑降解之穩定劑。併入此類成分之夾層具有改善之紫外光遮斷性能,並且可長時間維持光學性質。
本發明係關於氧化鎢劑於聚合物層中之穩定化使用,該聚合物層可單獨地或以多個聚合物層之堆疊使用作為多層鑲玻璃夾層。
使用於此之"多層鑲玻璃夾層"意指可用於具有多於一層之鑲玻璃中的夾層,例如,具有位於其間之一夾層的兩片玻璃。夾層可由單一聚合物層或組合之多層所組成。鑲玻璃板可用於,例如,汽車擋風玻璃和建築應用中。
如於此所揭露,氧化鎢劑和穩定劑被併入有用作為用於多層鑲玻璃板應用中之夾層,或作為夾層內部之層的聚合物層中以。如將於以下詳細描述,本發明之聚合物層可包括任何適宜的熱塑性聚合物,且在較佳實施例中,聚合物層包括聚乙烯醇縮丁醛。
本發明之聚合物層併入氧化鎢劑作為紅外線吸收劑。氧化鎢劑可分散在夾層之任何一或多個聚合物層之內或之上。氧化鎢劑可藉由技術中熟知之任何適宜方法而直接混合至或直接設置於聚合物層上,該等方法例如,但不限於,在個別層的製造期間添加或於製造後的浸漬、噴霧或其他局部處理。
在許多實施例中,氧化鎢劑係在形成聚合物層之前直接併入至聚合物主體中。在此類實施例中,可將氧化鎢劑併入至聚合物中,以便提供具有小於1.0%、0.8%、0.6%、或0.4%、或0.01%至1.0%、0.05%至0.5%、或0.1%至0.3%之氧化鎢劑之重量百分比量的聚合物層。在一較佳實施例中,將氧化鎢劑顏料併入至聚合物層主體中。在許多實施例中,在單一或多個聚合物層中包括超過一種陽光吸收性顏料。
通常,氧化鎢劑將係以足夠達到要求之紅外吸收效果之量併入及/或設置於聚合物層上。如擅長此項技術者所可理解,此量將視其他成分和顏料而異。在許多實施例中,單一聚合物層將具有足夠的氧化鎢劑,以阻止在800奈米至2500奈米範圍內之紅外輻射的至少40%、60%、80%、95%,或99%,或在該範圍內之近紅外光的70%至95%透射通過層。
為最小化可見光散射(霧度),氧化鎢劑可為小於150奈米、小於100奈米或者小於50奈米。
除氧化鎢劑之外,本發明之聚合物層併入穩定劑以阻止由於氧化鎢劑之老化效應所引起的聚合物層內之藍色色移。在本發明之許多實施例中,連同氧化鎢劑將具有苯并三唑基之分子、多價金屬鹽諸如雙(2-乙基丁酸)鎂或兩者併入至聚合物層中。
具有苯并三唑基之分子可以任何適宜量併入,在許多實施例中,具有苯并三唑基之分子係以0.05至1.0phr或0.2至0.8phr之量併入。具有苯并三唑基之分子可以任何適宜方式併入,例如透過與聚合物熔體直接混合。具有苯并三唑基之分子可於市面獲得,例如,以Tinuvin和Tinuvin(Ciba Specialty Chemicals,Basel,Switzerland)。
使用於此之"具有苯并三唑基之分子"係指其結構內具有以下基團之分子:化學式I--苯并三唑:
有用於本發明之具有苯并三唑基之分子之實例包括,但不限於:化學式II,Tinuvin:
和,化學式III,Tinuvin:
多價金屬鹽諸如雙(2-乙基丁酸)鎂亦可以任何適宜量併入,在許多實施例中,係以0.009%至0.1%或0.05%至0.075%之量併入。多價金屬鹽可以任何適宜方式併入,例如透過與聚合物熔體直接混合。可使用其他的鎂鹽,在許多實施例中,可使用任何適宜的多價金屬鹽。
在其他實施例中,將具有苯并三唑基之分子和多價金屬鹽(諸如雙(2-乙基丁酸)鎂)兩者併入至包含氧化鎢劑之聚合物層中。
在本發明之許多實施例中,將氧化鎢劑設置於併入夾層中之聚合物層中。在此類實施例中,夾層可僅包括單一聚合物層或可為包括該聚合物層之多層夾層。使用多層夾層之實施例包括技術中所熟知者,包括,例如,但不限於,具有兩個或更多個層壓在一起形成單一夾層之聚合物層的夾層,以及具有一或多個聚合物層與一或多個聚合物膜層壓在一起之夾層,其將詳細敍述如下。在任何此類實施例中,氧化鎢劑可設置於聚合物層之任何一或多層上,並且不同層可為一樣或不同的。
示例性的多層夾層構造包括以下:
(聚合物層)n
(聚合物層/聚合物膜/聚合物層)p
其中n介於1至10之間,在許多實施例中,n為小於5,p為1至5,在許多實施例中,p為小於3。
本發明之夾層可併入至多層鑲玻璃板中,在許多實施例中,其係併入於二層玻璃之間。此類構造之應用尤其包括汽車擋風玻璃和建築物玻璃。
在本發明之許多實施例中,包含氧化鎢劑之夾層係用於雙層中。使用於此之雙層為具有一剛性基板(諸如玻璃或丙烯酸系樹脂)與一設置於其上之夾層的多層構造。一典型的雙層構造為:(玻璃)//(聚合物層)//(聚合物膜)。雙層構造包括,例如,但不限於:
(玻璃)//((聚合物層)h
//(聚合物膜))g
(玻璃)//(聚合物層)h
//(聚合物膜)
其中h介於1至10之間,在許多實施例中,h為小於3,g介於1至5之間,在許多實施例中,g為小於3。
在另一實施例中,可將方才敍述之夾層添加至多層鑲玻璃板之一側以充當防碎層,例如,但不限於:
(多層鑲玻璃板)//((聚合物層)h
//(聚合物膜))g
(多層鑲玻璃板)//(聚合物層)h
//(聚合物膜)
其中h介於1至10之間,在許多實施例中,h為小於3,g介於1至5之間,在許多實施例中,g為小於3。
本發明之氧化鎢劑包括通式Wy
Oz
所述之類,其中W是鎢,O為氧,滿足2.0<z/y<3.0、2.2z/y2.99、或2.45z/y2.99,及/或由通式Mx
Wy
Oz
表示之複合氧化鎢粒子,其中M為選自如下之元素:氫、氦、鹼金屬、鹼土金屬、稀土金屬、鎂、鋯、鉻、錳、鐵、釕、鈷、銠、銥、鎳、鈀、鉑、銅、銀、金、鋅、鎘、鋁、鎵、銦、鉈、矽、鍺、錫、鉛、銻、硼、氟、磷、硫、硒、溴、碲、鈦、鈮、釩、鉬、鉭、錸,W為鎢,O為氧,滿足0.001x/y1.0或0.01x/y0.5,和2.0<z/y3.0、2.2z/y2.99或2.45z/y2.99。鎢/氧比之實例包括,但不限於,WO2
.92
、WO2
.90
、W20
O58
、W24
O68
、W17
O47
、W18
O49
等等。在較佳實施例中,氧化鎢劑為具有任何上述特徵之氧化銫鎢(CsWO3
)在許多實施例中,使用具有Cs0.33
WO3
莫耳比之氧化銫鎢劑。
使用於此之"聚合物膜"意指作為性能增進層之相對薄和硬質的聚合物層。此處使用之聚合物膜與聚合物層的不同處在於:聚合物膜本身並未提供多層鑲玻璃結構所需的穿透阻力和玻璃保持性能,而係提供性能改善比如紅外吸收特性。最常使用聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯作為聚合物膜。
在許多實施例中,聚合物膜層之厚度為0.013毫米至0.20毫米,0.025毫米至0.1毫米為較佳,或者0.04毫米至0.06毫米。聚合物膜層可視需要經表面處理或塗布以改善一或多種性能,比如黏著或紅外輻射反射。此類功能特性層包括,例如:當曝露於陽光下時,用於反射太陽紅外輻射和透射可見光之多層堆疊。此多層堆疊係技術中所熟知(參見,例如:WO 88/01230和美國專利4,799,745),且可包括,例如:一或多個埃單位厚之金屬層和一或多個(例如兩個)連續沈積的光學協作介電層。亦熟知(參見,例如:美國專利4,017,661和4,786,783),金屬層可視需要經電阻加熱,以對任何相關玻璃層實施除霜或除霧。
本發明可使用之另一類型的聚合物膜(其敍述在美國專利6,797,396中)包括可反射紅外輻射而不會產生可由金屬層引起之干涉的大量非金屬層。
在一些實施例中,聚合物膜層為光學透明的(即一特定觀察者通過肉眼從層之一側觀察,可以輕鬆看見與層之另一側相鄰的物體),且不管組合物為何,其較之任何相鄰的聚合物層,通常具有更大,在一些實施例中為顯著更大的抗拉模數。在許多實施例中,此聚合物膜層包括熱塑性材料。其中,具有適宜性質之熱塑性材料為耐綸、聚胺基甲酸酯、丙烯酸系樹脂、聚碳酸酯、聚烯烴比如聚丙烯、醋酸和三醋酸纖維素、氯乙烯聚合物和共聚物等等。在許多實施例中,此聚合物膜層包括諸如具有指示性質之再拉伸熱塑膜之材料,其包括聚酯,例如聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯和聚(對苯二甲酸乙二酯)二醇(PETG)。在許多實施例中,使用聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯,且在許多實施例中,聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯已經雙軸拉伸來改善強度,並且已經熱穩定以提供當經受高溫時之低收縮特性(例如,在150℃下30分鐘後,雙向的收縮率小於2%)。
用於可使用在本發明之聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯之各種塗布和表面處理技術揭露在公開的歐洲申請案第0157030號中。本發明之聚合物膜還可包括技術中熟知之硬塗層及/或防霧層。
下面部分敍述可用於形成包含於文中他處敍述之氧化鎢劑之本發明聚合物層之各種材料,例如聚乙烯醇縮丁醛。
使用於此之"聚合物層"意指:藉由任何適宜方法形成為薄層之任何熱塑性聚合物組合物,該薄層適合單獨或以多於一層之堆疊使用作為對層壓鑲玻璃板提供適當穿透阻力和玻璃保持性能之夾層。最常使用增塑聚乙烯醇縮丁醛於形成聚合物層。
使用於此之"樹脂"係指從由酸催化和後續中和聚合前體產生之混合物中除去之聚合物(例如聚乙烯醇縮丁醛)成分。除聚合物之外,樹脂通常尚含有其他成分,比如醋酸鹽、鹽和醇。使用於此之"熔體"係指含有增塑劑及視情況含有其他添加劑之熔融樹脂混合物。成分可以每100份樹脂添加的份數或者"phr"測量。使用於此之每100份樹脂的份數(phr)係基於重量/重量。例如,若將30克增塑劑添加至100克聚合物樹脂,則所得增塑聚合物之增塑劑含量為30phr。
本發明之聚合物層可包括任何適宜的聚合物,在一較佳實施例中,如以上例示,聚合物層包括聚乙烯醇縮丁醛。在包括聚乙烯醇縮丁醛作為聚合物層之聚合成分之任何於此給出之本發明實施例中,包括另一其中該聚合物成分係由或基本上由聚乙烯醇縮丁醛所組成的實施例。在此類實施例中,可配合具有由或基本上由聚乙烯醇縮丁醛所組成之聚合物之聚合物層使用文中所揭露之添加劑(包括增塑劑)的任何變化。
在一實施例中,聚合物層包括基於部分縮醛化聚乙烯醇之聚合物。在另一實施例中,聚合物層包括選自由如下組成群組之聚合物:聚乙烯醇縮丁醛、聚氯乙烯、聚(乙烯-共-乙酸乙烯酯)、聚(乙烯-共-丙烯酸乙酯)、部分中和之乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物之離聚物(比如來自DuPont之)、聚乙烯、聚乙烯共聚物、聚胺基甲酸酯、或聚(環己烷二亞甲基對酞酸酯-共-對苯二甲酸乙二酯)共聚酯。在許多實施例中,聚合物層包括聚乙烯醇縮丁醛、聚胺基甲酸酯、聚氯乙烯、聚(乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯)、或其組合。在其他實施例中,聚合物層包括聚乙烯醇縮丁醛和一或多種其他聚合物。亦可使用具有適宜玻璃態轉化溫度之其他聚合物。在任何文中段落中,當對聚乙烯醇縮丁醛明確地給出較佳範圍、數值及/或方法(例如,但不限於,對於增塑劑、成分百分比、厚度和特性增進添加劑)時,在其他適用處,該等範圍也適用於文中經揭露為聚合物層中之有用成分之其他聚合物及聚合物摻和物。
對於包括聚乙烯醇縮丁醛之實施例,聚乙烯醇縮丁醛可藉由擅長此項技術者所熟知的已知縮醛化製程產生(參見,例如:美國專利2,282,057和2,282,026)。在一實施例中,可使用敍述於B.E. Wade著之乙烯醇縮醛聚合物(Vinyl Acetal Polymers),聚合物科學技術百科全書(Encyclopedia of Polymer Science & Technology),第三版,第8冊,第381-399頁(2003)中之溶劑法。在另一實施例中,可使用其中敍述之水性方法。聚乙烯醇縮丁醛可於市面以各種形式購得,例如,購自Solutia Inc.,St. Louis,Missouri之ButvarTM
樹脂。
在許多實施例中,包含聚乙烯醇縮丁醛之聚合物層樹脂包括10至35重量百分比(wt.%)之以聚乙烯醇計算之羥基,13至30wt.%之以聚乙烯醇計算之羥基或15至22wt.%之以聚乙烯醇計算之羥基。聚合物層樹脂還可以包括以聚醋酸乙烯酯計算小於15wt.%、13wt.%、11wt.%、9wt.%、7wt.%、5wt.%、或小於3wt.%之殘留酯基,其餘為縮醛,較佳為丁縮醛,但視情況包括較少量的其他縮醛基,例如,2-乙基己醛基(參見,例如,美國專利5,137,954)。
在許多實施例中,聚合物層包括具有至少如下分子量之聚乙烯醇縮丁醛:30,000、40,000、50,000、55,000、60,000、65,000、70,000、120,000、250,000,或者至少350,000克/莫耳(g/mole或Daltons)。在縮醛化步驟期間,還可添加小量的二醛或三醛以將分子量增加到至少350,000g/mole(參見,例如,美國專利4,902,464;4,874,814;4,814,529;和4,654,179)。使用於此之術語"分子量"意指重量平均分子量。
於本發明之聚合物層中可使用各種黏著控制劑,其包括醋酸鈉、乙酸鉀和鎂鹽。可用於本發明之此類實施例中之鎂鹽包括,但不限於,揭露在美國專利5,728,472之類,比如水楊酸鎂、菸鹼酸鎂、二-(2-胺基安息香酸)鎂、二-(3-羥基-2-萘甲酸)鎂和雙(2-乙基丁酸)鎂(化學摘要號79992-76-0)。在本發明之許多實施例中,此鎂鹽為雙(2-乙基丁酸)鎂。
可併入其他添加劑至聚合物層中以提高其在最終產品中之性能。此類添加劑包括,但不限於,染料、顏料、穩定劑(例如紫外線穩定劑)、抗氧化劑、抗黏連劑、額外的紅外線吸收劑、阻燃劑、前述添加劑之組合等等,其為技術中所熟知。
在本發明之聚合物層之許多實施例中,聚合物層可包括20至60、25至60、20至80、10至70,或10至100份之增塑劑phr。當然,可視特定應用之需要而使用其他量。在一些實施例中,增塑劑具有少於20、少於15、少於12或少於10個碳原子之烴鏈段。可調節增塑劑的量以影響聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層之玻璃轉變溫度(Tg
)。通常,添加較高量之增塑劑以減低Tg
。
可將任何適宜的增塑劑添加至本發明之聚合物樹脂以形成聚合物層。用於本發明之聚合物層中之增塑劑尤其可包括多元酸或者多元醇之酯。適宜的增塑劑包括,例如:二(2-乙基丁酸)三乙二醇酯、二(2-乙基己酸)三乙二醇酯、二庚酸三乙二醇酯、二庚酸四乙二醇酯、己二酸二己酯、己二酸二辛酯、環己基己二酸己酯、庚基和壬基己二酸酯之混合物、己二酸二異壬酯、己二酸庚酯壬酯、癸二酸二丁酯、聚合增塑劑比如油改性之癸二酸醇酸樹脂、比如揭露在美國專利第3,841,890號之磷酸酯和己二酸酯之混合物、比如揭露在美國專利第4,144,217號之己二酸酯、以及前述之混合物和組合。可使用之其他增塑劑為如揭露在美國專利第5,013,779號中之由C4
至C9
烷基醇和環C4
至C10
醇製得之混合己二酸酯,以及C6
至C8
己二酸酯比如己二酸己酯。在許多實施例中,使用之增塑劑為己二酸二己酯及/或二(2-乙基己酸)三乙二醇酯。
聚乙烯醇縮丁醛聚合物、增塑劑和任何添加劑可根據一般技術者所熟知之方法熱處理並構造成片材。形成聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層之一示例性方法包括藉由迫使包括樹脂、增塑劑和添加劑之熔融的聚乙烯醇縮丁醛穿過模頭(例如,具有在一維度中較之在垂直維度實質上更大之開口的模頭)而擠出該熔體。另一形成聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層之示例性方法包括使來自模頭之熔體澆鑄到滾軸上,使樹脂凝固,接著將凝固的樹脂移除成為片材。在許多實施例中,聚合物層可具有,例如,0.1至2.5毫米、0.2至2.0毫米、0.25至1.75毫米,及0.3至1.5毫米之厚度。
對於上述包括玻璃層之每一實施例,存在另一其中於適宜處,使用非玻璃之鑲玻璃類型之材料替代玻璃之實施例。此類鑲玻璃層之實例包括具有高玻璃態轉化溫度(例如,高於60℃或70℃)之硬質塑膠,例如聚碳酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸烷酯,明確而言為在烷基部分具有1至3個碳原子之類。
本發明也包括於此揭露之任何本發明之聚合物層和夾層之任何組合的堆疊或卷層。
本發明也包括包含任何本發明夾層之擋風玻璃、窗及其他鑲玻璃成品。
本發明包括製造夾層和鑲玻璃板之方法,其包括使用文中敍述之任何本發明之聚合物層形成本發明之夾層或鑲玻璃板。
現將敍述本發明所用之各種聚合物層及/或層壓玻璃特性以及測量技術。
包括聚合物層之層壓玻璃之透明度可以通過測量霧度值而測定,其為經樣本散射之光相對於入射光之量化。霧度百分比可根據以下技術測量。根據ASTM D1003-61(再批准1977)-程序A,可使用用於測量霧度值之裝置-Hazemeter,Model D25(其係獲自Hunter Associates(Reston,VA)),使用光源C,以2度之觀察者角度。在本發明之許多實施例中,霧度百分比小於5%、小於3%以及小於1%。
可根據以下技術測量打擊黏著(pummel adhesion),其中"打擊"於此係指量化聚合物層對玻璃之黏著力,使用以下技術於測定打擊。利用標準的熱壓釜層壓條件,製備雙層玻璃層壓樣本。使層壓物冷卻至大約-17℃(0℉)並用錘子人工擊打以使玻璃破碎。然後除去未黏附於聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層之所有碎玻璃,並以視覺將將保持黏著於聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層之玻璃量與一組標準品作比較。標準品係相當於其中不同程度之玻璃保持黏附於聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層之尺度。特定而言,在零之打擊標準下,沒有玻璃保持黏附於聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層。在10之打擊標準下,100%的玻璃保持黏附於聚乙烯醇縮丁醛層。對於本發明之層壓玻璃板,不同的實施例具有至少3、至少5、至少8、至少9或10的打擊。其他實施例具有介於8至10之間(包括兩端值)之打擊。
聚合物層之"黃度指數"可根據以下方法測量:形成1釐米厚度聚合物層之透明模塑圓盤,其具有基本上平坦和平行的光滑聚合表面。根據ASTM方法D 1925,"塑膠黃度指數之標準試驗方法"自可見光譜內之光譜光度透光率測量此指數。使用測得的樣品厚度,將數值校正至1釐米厚度。在本發明之許多實施例中,聚合物層可具有小於等於12、小於等於10或小於等於8之黃度指數。
製備具有0.76毫米(30mils)厚度、38phr雙(2-乙基己酸)三乙二醇酯增塑劑、及指示於表1中之CsWO3
、Tinuvin、Tinuvin(一種受阻胺光穩定劑)、及雙(2-乙基丁酸)鎂之量的七個聚合物層,並將其層壓於二片透明玻璃之間。
表1顯示在天候老化儀中持續500小時曝光至紫外輻射後,可見光透光率之變化(Delta Tv=最終Tv-最初Tv)。此天候老化儀為使用以下設定操作之Xenon Arc Atlas Ci65型(Atlas Material Testing Technology LLC,Chicago,Illinois):輻射通量密度,0.55W/m2
;黑色板溫度70℃;噴水,無;內部過濾器,石英;外部過濾器,硼矽酸鹽(S類型)。
形成具有0.76毫米(30mils)之厚度、38phr之雙(2-乙基己酸)三乙二醇酯增塑劑、0.05重量%之CsWO3
、0.046重量%之雙(2-乙基丁酸)鎂、及如表2所示之不同量之Tinuvin的聚合物層,並將其層壓於二片透明玻璃之間。如同實例1測量Delta Tv。
藉由本發明,現可提供具有氧化鎢劑的夾層,比如聚乙烯醇縮丁醛夾層,其具有改善的光學特性而無光學性能隨時間之無法接受的減少。
儘管本發明已參照示例性實施例作敍述,但擅長此項技術者應理解:可做出不同的變化並可用同等物代替其元素而不脫離本發明之範圍。另外,可做出諸多修改以使一特定情形或材料適用本發明之教示而不脫離其之基本範圍。因此,本發明並不欲受限於經揭露為據認為係用於實行本發明之最佳方式之特殊實施例,並且本發明將包括屬於隨附請求項範圍之所有實施例。
進一步應理解:對本發明之任何單一組分給出之任何範圍、數值或者特性可與對相容之本發明之任何其他組分給出之任何範圍、數值或者特性交換使用,而形成如於全文中給出之對每一組分具有確定值之實施例。例如,可形成,若適當,除了包括任何給定範圍之增塑劑之外還包括任何給定範圍之氧化鎢劑之聚合物層,以形成在本發明範圍內之諸多置換,但其將無法鉅細靡遺地列出。
於摘要或者任何請求項中給出之任何圖式參考數字僅係作說明用,而不應將其解釋為將本主張之發明限制於在任何圖中顯示之任一特定實施例。
除非另作指示,否則圖式並未按比例描繪。
將文中提及之每一參考文獻,包括期刊論文、專利、申請案及書籍之全體內容以引用之方式併入本文中。
Claims (7)
- 一種用於多層鑲玻璃之夾層,其包括:一聚合物層,其中該聚合物層包括聚乙烯醇縮丁醛、氧化鎢劑、具有苯并三唑基之分子及雙(2-乙基丁酸)鎂。
- 如請求項1之夾層,其中該聚合物層包括0.01至1.0重量%之該氧化鎢劑。
- 如請求項1之夾層,其中該氧化鎢劑係由通式Wy Oz 表示,其中W係鎢,O係氧,且滿足2.0<z/y<3.0,及由通式Mx Wy Oz 表示,其中M係選自如下之元素:氫、氦、鹼金屬、鹼土金屬、稀土金屬、鎂、鋯、鉻、錳、鐵、釕、鈷、銠、銥、鎳、鈀、鉑、銅、銀、金、鋅、鎘、鋁、鎵、銦、鉈、矽、鍺、錫、鉛、銻、硼、氟、磷、硫、硒、溴、碲、鈦、鈮、釩、鉬、鉭及錸,W係鎢,O係氧,且滿足0.001x/y1.0及2.0<z/y3.0。
- 如請求項1之夾層,其中該氧化鎢係以足夠遮斷70%至95%之近紅外光的量存在。
- 如請求項1之夾層,其中該具有苯并三唑基之分子具有以下结構式:
- 如請求項1之夾層,其中該具有苯并三唑基之分子具有以下結構式:
- 一種多層鑲玻璃板,其包括:一片玻璃;及與該片玻璃接觸之一如請求項1至6中任一項之夾層。
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US20120244363A1 (en) | 2012-09-27 |
US20090035583A1 (en) | 2009-02-05 |
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DE602008005458D1 (de) | 2011-04-21 |
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RU2469865C2 (ru) | 2012-12-20 |
CN101784386A (zh) | 2010-07-21 |
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US8216683B2 (en) | 2012-07-10 |
ATE500960T1 (de) | 2011-03-15 |
BRPI0815061A2 (pt) | 2015-02-10 |
KR20100039866A (ko) | 2010-04-16 |
EP2173551A1 (en) | 2010-04-14 |
AU2008284078A1 (en) | 2009-02-12 |
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EP2173551B1 (en) | 2011-03-09 |
JP5412701B2 (ja) | 2014-02-12 |
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