JP6436170B2 - 熱線遮蔽膜、熱線遮蔽合わせ透明基材、自動車、建造物 - Google Patents
熱線遮蔽膜、熱線遮蔽合わせ透明基材、自動車、建造物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6436170B2 JP6436170B2 JP2016540116A JP2016540116A JP6436170B2 JP 6436170 B2 JP6436170 B2 JP 6436170B2 JP 2016540116 A JP2016540116 A JP 2016540116A JP 2016540116 A JP2016540116 A JP 2016540116A JP 6436170 B2 JP6436170 B2 JP 6436170B2
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- ray shielding
- heat ray
- shielding film
- tungsten oxide
- transparent base
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Description
複合タングステン酸化物粒子と、
アイオノマー樹脂とを含有し、
前記複合タングステン酸化物粒子が、一般式MxWOy(但し、Mは、Cs、Rb、K、Tl、In、Ba、Li、Ca、Sr、Fe、Sn、Al、Cu、Naから選択される1種類以上の元素、0.1≦x≦0.5、2.2≦y≦3.0)で示される複合タングステン酸化物の粒子であり、複数枚の透明基材の間に配置される、熱線遮蔽膜を提供する。
(熱線遮蔽膜)
本実施形態ではまず、熱線遮蔽膜の一構成例について説明する。
本実施形態の熱線遮蔽膜に含まれる樹脂としてアイオノマー樹脂を用いることで耐候性が大幅に向上し、消色現象の発生を抑制できる理由は明らかではないが、構造中に金属イオンが均一に含有分布しているというアイオノマー樹脂の特徴によるものと考えられる。すなわち、アイオノマー樹脂は樹脂中にナトリウム、亜鉛といった金属イオンが陽イオンとして存在している。このため、複合タングステン酸化物中のドープ原子が陽イオンとして周囲の樹脂中に散逸しづらくなり、消色現象が生じにくくなったと推測される。
(1)複合タングステン酸化物粒子
複合タングステン酸化物粒子は上述のように、一般式MxWOy(但し、Mは、Cs、Rb、K、Tl、In、Ba、Li、Ca、Sr、Fe、Sn、Al、Cu、Naから選択される1種類以上の元素、0.1≦x≦0.5、2.2≦y≦3.0)で表記される複合タングステン酸化物の粒子を好ましく用いることができる。
熱線遮蔽膜の複合タングステン酸化物粒子の含有量は0.05g/m2以上5.0g/m2以下とすることが好ましく、0.1g/m2以上2.0g/m2以下とすることがより好ましい。
(2)アイオノマー樹脂
アイオノマー樹脂としては特に限定されるものではなく、公知のさまざまなアイオノマー樹脂を用いることができ、熱線遮蔽膜の使用用途等に応じて任意に樹脂を選択することができる。アイオノマー樹脂としては例えば、エチレン系アイオノマーや、スチレン系アイオノマー、アイオノマーエラストマー、パーフルオロカーボンアイオノマー、ウレタンアイオノマー等が知られており、上述のように用途や要求される性能等に応じて任意のアイオノマー樹脂を選択して用いることができる。また、熱線遮蔽膜に用いるアイオノマー樹脂は1種類のみとすることもできるが、2種類以上のアイオノマー樹脂を組み合わせて用いることもできる。
(3)その他の成分
本実施形態の熱線遮蔽膜には、上述した複合タングステン酸化物、及びアイオノマー樹脂以外にも、さらに任意の成分を添加することができる。任意に添加できる成分について以下に説明する。
熱線遮蔽膜中の紫外線吸収剤の含有率は特に限定されるものではなく、熱線遮蔽膜に要求される可視光透過率や、紫外線遮蔽能等に応じて任意に選択することができる。熱線遮蔽膜中の紫外線吸収剤の含有率は例えば、0.02質量%以上5.0質量%以下であることが好ましい。これは紫外線吸収剤の含有率が0.02質量%以上であれば、複合タングステン酸化物粒子で吸収しきれない紫外光を十分に吸収することができるためである。また含有率が5.0質量%以下であれば、熱線遮蔽膜中で紫外線吸収剤が析出することがなく、また膜の強度や接着力、耐貫通性に大きな影響を与えないためである。
(熱線遮蔽膜の製造方法)
次に本実施形態の熱線遮蔽膜の製造方法の一構成例について説明する。なお、本実施形態の熱線遮蔽膜の製造方法により上述の熱線遮蔽膜を好適に製造することができる。このため、以下に説明する点以外については上述の熱線遮蔽膜の場合と同様に構成することができるため、説明を省略する。
分散液製造工程で製造した分散液中の有機溶剤を除去することで固体の分散剤中に複合タングステン酸化物粒子が分散した状態の複合タングステン酸化物粒子分散体を製造する分散体製造工程。
分散体製造工程で得られた複合タングステン酸化物粒子分散体と、アイオノマー樹脂とを混練する混練工程。
複合タングステン酸化物粒子分散体とアイオノマー樹脂との混練物を成形する成形工程。 なお、分散体製造工程を実施することなく、分散液製造工程で製造した分散液を混練工程に供し、混練工程では、複合タングステン酸化物粒子分散液と、アイオノマー樹脂とを混練することもできる。この場合、混練工程により、アイオノマー樹脂中に複合タングステン酸化物粒子を均一に分散させるのと同時に、有機溶剤を除去することができる。ただし、多量の有機溶剤や気泡が熱線遮蔽膜に残留することを確実に防止する観点、および200℃を超える樹脂混練の高温に多量の有機溶剤が晒されることを防ぐ安全上の観点から、前記混練工程の前に前記分散体製造工程を実施することが好ましい。
(熱線遮蔽合わせ透明基材、熱線遮蔽合わせ透明基材の製造方法、自動車、建造物)
次に本実施形態の熱線遮蔽合わせ透明基材、及び熱線遮蔽合わせ透明基材の製造方法の一構成例について説明する。
(体積平均粒子径)
微粒子分散液中の複合タングステン酸化物粒子の体積平均粒子径は、マイクロトラック粒度分布計(日機装株式会社製 型式:UPA−UT)により測定を行った。
(全光線透過率)
得られた熱線遮蔽膜の全光線透過率は、ヘーズ・透過率計(株式会社村上色彩技術研究所製 型式:HM−150)を用いて、JIS K 7361−1に基づいて測定した。
(可視光透過率、日射透過率)
熱線遮蔽合わせ透明基材の可視光透過率、及び日射透過率は、分光光度計(株式会社日立製作所製 型式:U−4100)を用いて測定した200nm〜2600nmの透過率から、JIS R 3106に基づいて算出した。
[実施例1]
複合タングステン酸化物粒子としてCs0.33WO3粒子(以下、粒子aと記載する)を20質量部、官能基としてアミンを含有する基とアクリル主鎖を有する分散剤(アミン価48mgKOH/g、分解温度250℃)(以下、分散剤aと記載する)を10質量部、有機溶剤であるメチルイソブチルケトン(沸点116.2℃)70質量部となるように秤量した。これらの原料を、0.3mmφZrO2ビーズを入れたペイントシェーカーに装填し、10時間粉砕・分散処理し、粒子aの分散液(以下、粒子分散液aと記載する)を得た(分散液製造工程)。
作製した熱線遮蔽膜Aを2枚の透明フロートガラス(3mm厚)で仮挟持したのち、130℃に熱し、真空下で5分間のプレス処理を施すことで熱線遮蔽合わせ透明基材(以下、熱線遮蔽合わせ透明基材Aと記載する)を得た。
[実施例3]
混練工程に供給する材料の比率を変更した点以外は実施例1と同様にして熱線遮蔽膜を作製した。
[実施例4]
アイオノマー樹脂のペレットとしてハイミラン1706に代えてIOTEK IONOMERS 4200(EXXON MOBIL CHEMICAL社製、表1中、エチレン系アイオノマー2と記載する。)を用いた点以外は実施例1と同様にして熱線遮蔽膜(以下、熱線遮蔽膜Dと記載する)を得た。IOTEK IONOMERS 4200はエチレン系アイオノマーであり金属イオンとして亜鉛を含有している。
[実施例5]
混練工程に供給する材料に紫外線吸収剤を添加するように変更した点以外は実施例1と同様にして熱線遮蔽膜を作製した。
[実施例6]
混練工程に供給する材料の組成を変更した点以外は実施例5と同様にして熱線遮蔽膜を作製した。
[実施例7]
混練工程に供給する材料の組成を変更した点以外は実施例5と同様にして熱線遮蔽膜を作製した。
[実施例8]
混練工程に供給する材料の組成を変更した点以外は実施例5と同様にして熱線遮蔽膜を作製した。
[実施例9]
混練工程に供給する材料の組成を変更した点以外は実施例1と同様にして熱線遮蔽膜を作製した。
[実施例10]
混練工程に供給する材料の組成を変更した点以外は実施例1と同様にして熱線遮蔽膜を作製した。
[実施例11]
複合タングステン酸化物粒子としてRb0.33WO3粒子(以下、粒子bと記載する)を20質量部、分散剤a10質量部、有機溶剤であるメチルイソブチルケトン70質量部を秤量した。これらの原料を、0.3mmφZrO2ビーズを入れたペイントシェーカーに装填し、11時間粉砕・分散処理し、粒子bの分散液(以下、粒子分散液bと記載する)を得た(分散液製造工程)。
[実施例12]
透明フロートガラス(3mm厚)に、赤外線反射フィルムであるスコッチティント(登録商標)Nano90S(3M社製。以下、赤外線反射フィルムaと記載する)を貼り付けた。なお、透明ガラス基材である透明フロートガラスに貼り付けた場合の赤外線反射フィルムaの光学特性を分光光度計で測定したところ、可視光透過率は89.2%、700nmから1200nmの波長の反射率は、最小8.2%、最高80.8%であった。
実施例1で作製した熱線遮蔽膜Aを、透明フロートガラス(3mm)と、前記赤外線反射フィルムを貼り付けた透明フロートガラスの間に、赤外線反射フィルムが熱線遮蔽膜Aに接するように仮挟持したのち、130℃に熱し、真空下で5分間のプレス処理を施すことで熱線遮蔽合わせ透明基材(以下、熱線遮蔽合わせ透明基材Lと記載する)を得た。
熱線遮蔽合わせ透明基材Lの光学特性を測定したところ、可視光透過率は70.8%、日射透過率は31.1%であった。
[比較例1]
混練工程に供給する材料の組成を変更した点以外は実施例1と同様にして熱線遮蔽膜を作製した。
[比較例2]
混練工程に供給する材料の組成を変更した点以外は実施例1と同様にして熱線遮蔽膜を作製した。
Claims (17)
- 複合タングステン酸化物粒子と、
アイオノマー樹脂とを含有し、
前記複合タングステン酸化物粒子が、一般式MxWOy(但し、Mは、Cs、Rb、K、Tl、In、Ba、Li、Ca、Sr、Fe、Sn、Al、Cu、Naから選択される1種類以上の元素、0.1≦x≦0.5、2.2≦y≦3.0)で示される複合タングステン酸化物の粒子であり、複数枚の透明基材の間に配置される、熱線遮蔽膜。 - 前記アイオノマー樹脂がエチレン系アイオノマーである請求項1に記載の熱線遮蔽膜。
- 前記アイオノマー樹脂が亜鉛、マグネシウム、リチウム、カリウム、ナトリウムから選択される1種類以上の金属イオンを含有する、請求項1または2に記載の熱線遮蔽膜。
- 前記複合タングステン酸化物を示す一般式MxWOyのMがCsおよび/またはRbである請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の熱線遮蔽膜。
- 前記複合タングステン酸化物が六方晶である請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の熱線遮蔽膜。
- 前記複合タングステン酸化物粒子の体積平均粒子径が100nm以下である請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の熱線遮蔽膜。
- 前記熱線遮蔽膜の投影面積における単位面積あたりの、前記熱線遮蔽膜の前記複合タングステン酸化物粒子の含有量は、0.05g/m2以上5.0g/m2以下である、請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の熱線遮蔽膜。
- さらに紫外線吸収剤を含有する請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載の熱線遮蔽膜。
- 前記紫外線吸収剤が、ベンゾトリアゾール化合物、ベンゾフェノン化合物から選択される1種以上を含有する請求項8に記載の熱線遮蔽膜。
- 前記熱線遮蔽膜における前記紫外線吸収剤の含有率が、0.02質量%以上5.0質量%以下である請求項8から10のいずれか1項に記載の熱線遮蔽膜。
- 複数枚の透明基材と、
請求項1から11のいずれか1項に記載の熱線遮蔽膜とを有し、
前記熱線遮蔽膜が、前記複数枚の透明基材の間に配置されている熱線遮蔽合わせ透明基材。 - 前記複数枚の透明基材の内、少なくとも1枚がガラス基材である請求項12に記載の熱線遮蔽合わせ透明基材。
- 前記複数枚の透明基材の間に、さらに少なくとも一枚の赤外線反射フィルムが配置されている、請求項12または13に記載の熱線遮蔽合わせ透明基材。
- 前記赤外線反射フィルムは、前記赤外線反射フィルムを透明ガラス基材に貼り付けた場合に、700nmから1200nmの波長の光に対する反射率の最大値が30%以上100%以下である請求項14に記載の熱線遮蔽合わせ透明基材。
- 請求項12から15のいずれか1項に記載の熱線遮蔽合わせ透明基材を含む窓材を搭載した自動車。
- 請求項12から15のいずれか1項に記載の熱線遮蔽合わせ透明基材を含む窓材を備えた建造物。
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US10875278B2 (en) | 2020-12-29 |
KR102326978B1 (ko) | 2021-11-16 |
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CN106661293A (zh) | 2017-05-10 |
JPWO2016021336A1 (ja) | 2017-05-25 |
WO2016021336A1 (ja) | 2016-02-11 |
EP3178882B1 (en) | 2021-03-10 |
TWI686297B (zh) | 2020-03-01 |
US20170232714A1 (en) | 2017-08-17 |
EP3178882A4 (en) | 2018-03-14 |
EP3178882A1 (en) | 2017-06-14 |
TW201617226A (zh) | 2016-05-16 |
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