TWI383263B - 形成硬式光罩用塗佈型氮化膜之組成物 - Google Patents

形成硬式光罩用塗佈型氮化膜之組成物 Download PDF

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TWI383263B
TWI383263B TW093140615A TW93140615A TWI383263B TW I383263 B TWI383263 B TW I383263B TW 093140615 A TW093140615 A TW 093140615A TW 93140615 A TW93140615 A TW 93140615A TW I383263 B TWI383263 B TW I383263B
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underlayer film
nitride
film
compound
forming composition
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TW200527141A (en
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Satoshi Takei
Yasushi Sakaida
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Nissan Chemical Ind Ltd
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Description

形成硬式光罩用塗佈型氮化膜之組成物
本發明係有關半導體裝置製造中所用之光阻圖案之形成方法,包括於半導體基板和光阻之間形成含有金屬氮化物粒子之下層膜者。
又,本發明係有關形成含金屬氮化物粒子之下層膜用之下層膜形成組成物(亦即,形成下層膜之組成物),而該下層膜係形成半導體裝置製造中所用之光阻圖案中所使用者。又,本發明係有關使用該下層膜形成組成物而形成含金屬氮化物粒子之下層膜之方法,以及由該下層膜形成組成物所形成之含金屬氮化物粒子之下層膜。
以往半導體裝置之製造,係藉由使用光阻之微影蝕刻進行微細加工。前述微細加工係於矽晶圓基板等半導體基板上形成光阻膜,於其上經由描繪有半導體設計圖案之光罩圖案照射紫外線等活性光線,再使之顯像,並以所得光阻圖案作為保護膜對基板進行蝕刻處理,而於基板表面形成對應於前述圖案之微細凹凸的加工法。
而此種加工法中,於半導體基板與光阻之間係形成反射防止膜或平坦化膜等由有機物質構成之下層膜、有機下層膜。該情況下,以光阻圖案為保護膜,首先,藉由蝕刻去除有機下層膜,然後進行半導體基板之加工。有機下層膜之蝕刻一般係藉由乾蝕刻進行,惟此時,不僅有機下層 膜連光阻亦被蝕刻,而有所謂膜厚減少之問題。因而,有機下層膜傾向於使用蝕刻去除速度大之物質。但是,由於光阻亦與有機下層膜同樣由有機物質構成,因而抑制光阻膜厚之減少甚為困難。
近年來隨者加工尺寸之微細化進展,而殷切檢討薄膜光阻之利用。此為不改變膜厚而使光阻圖案之尺寸變小之情況,光阻圖案之寬高比(aspect ratio)(高度/寬)增大,咸認會發生光阻圖案崩塌等現象。又,光阻圖案係膜厚薄者解像性提高。由於此等現象而期望將光阻作成薄膜使用。但是,使用光阻與有機下層膜時,如上述般,去除有機下層膜時有光阻膜厚減少之問題。因而,將光阻作成薄膜之情況,作為半導體基板加工用之保護膜(由光阻與有機下層膜構成)會發生不能確保足夠膜厚之問題。
一方面,作為半導體基板與光阻間之下層膜,已知有使用無機物構成之膜作為硬式光罩。此種情況,由於光阻(有機物質)與硬式光罩(無機物質)之構成成分大不相同,因而其等以乾蝕刻去除之速度係大大依存於乾蝕刻所用氣體之種類。因而藉由適當選擇氣體之種類,即可在光阻膜厚不會隨者大幅減少之下,以乾蝕刻去除硬式光罩(下層膜)。因而,使用光阻與硬式光罩時,即使光阻為薄膜,咸認作為半導體基板加工用之保護膜(由光阻與硬式光罩構成)亦可確保足夠之膜厚。
以往硬式光罩係使用化學蒸鍍(CVD(Chemical Vapor Deposition.))裝置、真空蒸鍍裝置及濺鍍裝置等 ,以蒸鍍法形成。相對於此,光阻或有機下層膜係於半導體基板上以旋塗裝置等塗佈然後藉由煅燒(下文稱為旋塗法)而形成。與蒸鍍法相較之下,旋塗法之裝置等較為簡便。因而,需求並非是用蒸鍍法,而是可用旋塗法形成之硬式光罩。
含無機物質原料之各種下層膜已知如下(例如參照專利文獻1、專利文獻2、專利文獻3)。
專利文獻1:日本特開2001-53068號公報
專利文獻2:日本特開2001-242630號公報
專利文獻3:日本特開2003-177206號公報
本發明係鑑於目前現狀之發明。本發明之目的係提供以旋塗法形成硬式光罩用之下層膜形成組成物。又,本發明提供可藉由旋塗法形成,且與塗佈於上層而形成之光阻不發生互混之下層膜。又,本發明提供可藉由旋塗法形成,用於減少對半導體基板上形成之光阻之曝光照射光自基板反射的下層反射防止膜、使凹凸之半導體基板平坦化用之平坦化膜、以及加熱煅燒時等作為防止光阻層因源自半導體基板發生之物質而受到污染用之膜等使用之下層膜。本發明亦提供使用下層膜形成組成物之微影蝕刻用下層膜之形成方法、以及形成光阻圖案之方法。
本發明之第1觀點為半導體裝置製造中所使用之下層膜形成組成物,其係含有平均粒徑為1至1000nm之金屬氮化物粒子及有機溶劑者。
本發明之第2觀點為半導體裝置製造中所使用之下層膜形成組成物,其係含有平均粒徑為1至1000nm之金屬氮化物粒子、有機材料及有機溶劑者。
本發明之第3觀點為第1觀點或第2觀點記載之下層膜形成組成物,其中該金屬氮化物粒子含有至少一種選自鈦、矽、鉭、鎢、鈰、鍺、鉿及鎵所成組群之元素者。
本發明之第4觀點為第1觀點或第2觀點記載之下層膜形成組成物,其中該金屬氮化物粒子係至少一種選自氮化鈦、氧氮化鈦(titanium oxynitride)、氮化矽、氧氮化矽、氮化鉭、氧氮化鉭、氮化鎢、氧氮化鎢、氮化鍺、氧氮化鍺、氮化鉿、氧氮化鉿、氮化鈰、氧氮化鈰、氮化鎵及、氧氮化鎵所成組群之至少一種金屬氮化物粒子者。
本發明之第5觀點為第2觀點記載之下層膜形成組成物,其中該有機材料係至少一種選自聚合物、交聯性化合物及吸光性化合物所成組群之成分者。
本發明之第6觀點為半導體裝置製造中所使用之下層膜之形成方法,其係將第1觀點至第5觀點中任一觀點記載之下層膜形成組成物,塗佈於半導體基板上並煅燒而成之方法。
本發明之第7觀點為第6觀點之下層膜之形成方法, 其特徵為該煅燒係於煅燒溫度80至300℃、煅燒時間0.5至10分鐘之條件下進行。
本發明之第8觀點為半導體裝置製造中所使用之下層膜,其係將第1觀點至第5觀點中任一觀點記載之下層膜形成組成物塗佈於半導體基板上,於煅燒溫度80至300℃、煅燒時間0.5至10分鐘之條件下進行煅燒而形成者。
本發明之第9觀點為半導體裝置製造中所使用之光阻圖案之形成方法,其係包括將第1觀點至第5觀點中任一觀點記載之下層膜形成組成物塗佈於半導體基板上並煅燒而形成下層膜之步驟、於該下層膜上形成光阻層之步驟、將經下層膜與光阻層包覆之半導體基板曝光之步驟、曝光後顯像之步驟。
本發明之第10觀點為第9觀點記載之光阻圖案之形成方法,其中該曝光係以248nm、193nm或157nm波長之光進行者。
本發明係形成含有金屬氮化物粒子之下層膜用之下層膜形成組成物,依據本發明可提供與光阻層不發生互混,且具有緩慢亁蝕刻速度的下層膜。
藉由依據本發明所得之含有金屬氮化物粒子之下層膜,於亁蝕刻製程時,半導體底層基板之加工變得容易。又,藉由使用依據本發明所得之含有金屬氮化物粒子之下層膜,於以亁蝕刻去除下層膜時,可降低光阻膜厚之減少量 。
實施發明之最佳型態 本發明之下層膜形成組成物含有金屬氮化物粒子及有機溶劑。又,本發明之下層膜形成組成物含有金屬氮化物粒子、有機材料及有機溶劑。又,此外亦可含有碳粒子、氧化矽粒子、及氧化鈦等無機物粒子。
本發明之下層膜形成組成物中固形物之比例為例如0.1至70質量%,或0.5至50質量%,或1至40質量%,或10至30質量%。此處固形物係指自下層膜形成組成物之全部成分中去除有機溶劑成分後餘留之成分。
本發明之下層膜形成組成物中使用金屬氮化物粒子與有機材料時,固形物中,金屬氮化物粒子之含量為例如40至99.9質量%,例如50至99.5質量%,或60至99質量%,或70至90質量%。固形物中有機材料之含量為例如0.1至60質量%,或0.5至50質量%,或1至40質量%,或10至30質量%。
本發明之下層膜形成組成物含有碳粒子、氧化矽粒子、及氧化鈦等無機物粒子時,其含量為固形物之30質量%以下,或20質量%以下。
本發明之下層膜形成組成物中所含之金屬氮化物粒子可例舉如氮化鈦、氧氮化鈦、氮化矽、氧氮化矽、氮化鉭、氧氮化鉭、氮化鎢、氧氮化鎢、氮化鍺、氧氮化鍺、氮 化鉿、氧氮化鉿、氮化鈰、氧氮化鈰、氮化鎵及氧氮化鎵等金屬氮化物之粒子。以氮化鈦、氧氮化鈦、氮化矽及氧氮化矽為佳。
所使用之金屬氮化物粒子之粒徑並無特別限制,只要能於半導體基板上形成下層膜者即可,其平均粒徑為1000nm以下,以1至1000nm為佳,1至100nm特別佳。此種情況下,若平均粒徑大於1000nm,則藉由蝕刻去除下層膜時所需時間增長,又損及下層膜之平滑性。此外,粒子對溶劑之分散性降低,粒子發生沉降,下層膜形成組成物之保存安定性不足。平均粒徑之測定係將金屬氮化物粒子塗佈於半導體基板上,乾燥後以掃描式電子顯微鏡((SEM)Scanning ElectroMicroscope)測定20個粒子之大小(直徑),而算出平均值。粒子為橢圓形等時,以其長徑及短徑之平均值作為該粒子之大小。
本發明之下層膜形成組成物中,該等金屬氮化物粒子可僅使用一種,亦可2種或2種以上組合使用。
本發明之下層膜形成組成物中之有機材料並未特別限定。可使用習知形成光阻下層所設置之膜用的有機材料。亦即,可使用反射防止膜用之有機材料、平坦化用之有機材料及障蔽層用之有機材料等。
有機材料可例舉如聚合物、交聯性化合物、吸光性化合物、界面活性劑、高分子分散劑、交聯觸媒、接著補助劑及流變(Rheology)調整劑等,此等可適當組合使用,有關此等之含量亦可適當選擇使用。
作為有機材料使用之聚合物,其種類並無特別限定。可使用聚酯、聚苯乙烯、聚醯亞胺、丙烯酸聚合物、甲基丙烯酸聚合物、聚乙烯醚、酚酚醛淸漆、萘酚酚醛淸漆、聚醚、聚醯胺、聚碳酸酯等聚合物。以使用具有作為吸光部位機能之苯環、萘環、蒽環、三環、喹啉環及喹喔啉環等芳香環構造之聚合物為佳。
此類聚合物可例舉如含有丙烯酸苯甲酯、甲基丙烯酸苯甲酯、丙烯酸苯酯、丙烯酸萘酯、甲基丙烯酸蒽酯、甲基丙烯酸蒽甲酯、苯乙烯、羥基苯乙烯、苯甲基乙烯醚、N-苯基馬來醯亞胺等加成聚合性單體作為構造單位之加成聚合系聚合物;酚酚醛淸漆、萘酚酚醛淸漆等縮聚系聚合物。亦可例舉如美國專利第6323310號說明書中記載由三化合物(商品名Cymel 303,Cymel 1123)製造之聚合物。此外,可例舉如具有至少一種下列(a)至(e)構造單位之聚合物。此類聚合物例如參照美國專利第5919598號、第5919599號及第6156479即可製造。
又,聚合物可使用不具芳香環構造之聚合物。此類聚合物可例舉如僅含有丙烯酸烷酯、甲基丙烯酸烷酯、乙烯醚、烷基乙烯醚、丙烯腈、馬來醯亞胺、N-烷基馬來醯亞胺、馬來酸酐等不具芳香環構造之加成聚合性單體作為構造單位之加成聚合系聚合物。
使用加成聚合系聚合物作為聚合物時,該聚合物為可為均聚物亦可為共聚物。加成聚合系聚合物之製造係使用加成聚合性單體。此類加成聚合性單體可例舉如丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸酯化合物、甲基丙烯酸酯化合物、丙烯醯胺化合物、甲基丙烯醯胺化合物、乙烯化合物、苯乙烯化合物、馬來醯亞胺化合物、馬來酸酐及丙烯腈等。
丙烯酸酯化合物可例舉如丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸正己酯、丙烯酸異丙酯、丙烯酸環己酯、丙烯酸苯甲酯、丙烯酸苯酯、丙烯酸蒽甲酯、丙烯酸2-羥基乙酯、丙烯酸3-氯-2-羥基丙酯、丙烯酸2-羥基丙酯、丙烯酸2 ,2,2-三氟乙酯、丙烯酸2,2,2-三氯乙酯、丙烯酸2-溴乙酯、丙烯酸4-羥基丁酯、丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯、丙烯酸四氫呋喃甲酯、丙烯酸2-甲基-金剛烷基酯、5-丙烯醯氧基-6-羥基降冰片烯-2-羧-6-內酯、3-丙烯醯氧基丙基三乙氧基矽烷及丙烯酸環氧丙酯等。
甲基丙烯酸酯化合物可例舉如甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸正己酯、甲基丙烯酸異丙酯、甲基丙烯酸環己酯、甲基丙烯酸苯甲酯、甲基丙烯酸苯酯、甲基丙烯酸蒽甲酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羥基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羥基丙酯、甲基丙烯酸2,2,2-三氟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2,2,2-三氯乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-溴乙酯、甲基丙烯酸4-羥基丁酯、甲基丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸四氫呋喃甲酯、甲基丙烯酸2-甲基-2-金剛烷基酯、5-甲基丙烯醯氧基-6-羥基降冰片烯-2-羧-6-內酯、3-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、甲基丙烯酸環氧丙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-苯基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸羥基苯酯及甲基丙烯酸溴苯酯等。
丙烯醯胺化合物可例舉如丙烯醯胺、N-甲基丙烯醯胺、N-乙基丙烯醯胺、N-苯甲基丙烯醯胺、N-苯基丙烯醯胺、N,N-二甲基丙烯醯胺及N-蒽基丙烯醯胺等。
甲基丙烯醯胺化合物可例舉如甲基丙烯醯胺、N-甲基-甲基丙烯醯胺)、N-乙基-甲基丙烯醯胺、N-苯甲基-甲基丙烯醯胺、N-苯基-甲基丙烯醯胺、N,N-二甲基-甲基丙烯醯胺及N-蒽基-甲基丙烯醯胺等。
乙烯化合物可例舉如乙烯醇、2-羥乙基乙烯醚、甲基 乙烯醚、乙基乙烯醚、苯甲基乙烯醚、乙烯乙酸酯、乙烯三甲氧基矽烷、2-氯乙基乙烯醚、2-甲氧基乙基乙烯醚、乙烯萘及乙烯蒽等。
苯乙烯化合物可例舉如苯乙烯、羥基苯乙烯、氯苯乙烯、溴苯乙烯、甲氧基苯乙烯、氰基苯乙烯及乙醯基苯乙烯等。
馬來醯胺化合物可例舉如馬來醯亞胺、N-甲基馬來醯亞胺、N-苯基馬來醯亞胺、N-環己基馬來醯亞胺、N-苯甲基馬來醯亞胺及N-羥乙基馬來醯亞胺等。
使用縮聚系聚合物作為聚合物時,該類聚合物可例舉如二醇化合物與二羧酸化合物之縮聚聚合物。二醇化合物可例舉如二乙二醇、己二醇、丁二醇等。二羧酸化合物可例舉如琥珀酸、己二酸、對苯二甲酸及馬來酸酐等。又,可例舉如聚均苯四甲醯亞胺、聚(對苯撐對苯二甲醯亞胺)、聚對苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯等聚酯,聚醯胺、聚醯亞胺。
作為本發明下層膜形成組成物之有機材料使用之聚合物之分子量,其重量平均分子量為例如1000至1000000,或3000至300000或例如5000至200000,或10000至100000。
作為本發明下層膜形成組成物之有機材料使用之交聯性化合物,其種類並無特別限定。交聯性化合物可例舉如三聚氰胺化合物、取代尿素化合物、含有環氧基之聚合物系交聯性化合物等。較佳之交聯性化合物可例舉如具有二 個以上經羥甲基或烷氧基甲基取代之氮原子的含氮化合物。具有二個以上經羥甲基、甲氧甲基、丁氧甲基及己氧甲基等基取代之氮原子的含氮化合物,具體而言可例舉如六甲氧基甲基三聚氰胺、四甲氧基甲基苯并胍胺、1,3,4,6-肆(丁氧甲基)甘脲、1,3,4,6-肆(羥甲基)甘脲、1,3-雙(羥甲基)尿素、1,1,3,3-肆(丁氧甲基)尿素、1,1,3,3-肆(甲氧甲基)尿素、1,3-雙(羥甲基)-4,5-二羥基-2-咪唑啉酮及1,3-雙(甲氧基甲基)-4,5-二甲氧基-2-咪唑啉酮等含氮化合物。交聯性化合物可例舉如三井賽帖克(三井)(股)製甲氧甲基型三聚氰胺化合物(商品名薩美路(音譯)300、薩美路301、薩美路303、薩美路350)、丁氧基甲基型三聚氰胺化合物(商品名麥科特(音譯)506、麥科特508)、甘脲化合物(商品名薩美路1170、泡達臨庫1170、泡達臨庫1174)等化合物,甲基化尿素樹脂(商品名UFR65)、丁基化尿素樹脂(商品名UFR300、U-VAN10S60、U-VAN10R、U-VAN11HV)、大日本印墨(INK)化學工業公司(股)製尿素/甲醛系樹脂(高縮合型、商品名倍卡名(音譯)J-300S、倍卡名P-955、倍卡名N)等市售之化合物。
交聯性化合物可使用以N-羥甲基(丙烯醯胺)、N-甲氧基甲基(甲基丙烯醯胺)、N-乙氧基甲基(丙烯醯胺)、N-丁氧基甲基(甲基丙烯醯胺)等經羥甲基或烷氧基甲基取代之丙烯醯胺化合物或甲基丙烯醯胺化合物所製造 之聚合物。
作為本發明下層膜形成組成物之有機材料所使用之吸光性化合物,其種類並無特別限定。
藉由選擇吸光性化合物之種類、添加量可調節由本發明下層膜形成組成物所形成之下層膜之折射率、衰减係數等特性。此種吸光性化合物以使用對設於下層膜上之光阻層中之感光成分的感光特性波長領域之光具有高吸收能之化合物為佳。吸光性化合物可僅使用一種,亦可2種或2種以上組合使用。吸光性化合物可使用苯基化合物、二苯甲酮、苯并三唑化合物、偶氮化合物、萘化合物、蒽化合物、蒽醌化合物、三化合物、三三酮化合物及喹啉化合物等。可使用苯基化合物、萘化合物、蒽化合物、三化合物及三三酮化合物等。
吸光性化合物以使用具有至少一個羥基、胺基或羧基之苯基化合物,具有至少一個羥基、胺基或羧基之萘化合物,具有至少一個羥基、胺基或羧基之蒽化合物為佳。
具有至少一個羥基、胺基或羧基之苯基化合物可例舉如酚、溴酚、4,4’-磺醯二酚、第三丁基酚、聯酚、苯甲酸、水楊酸、羥基間苯二甲酸、苯基乙酸、苯胺、苯甲胺、苯甲醇、肉桂醇、苯基丙胺酸及苯氧基丙醇等。具有至少一個羥基、胺基或羧基之萘化合物可例舉如1-萘羧酸、2-萘羧酸、1-萘酚、2-萘酚、1-胺基萘、萘基乙酸、1-羥基-2-萘羧酸、3-羥基-2-萘羧酸,3,7-二羥基-2-萘羧酸、6-溴-2-羥基萘及2,6-萘二羧酸等。
具有至少一個羥基、胺基或羧基之蒽化合物可例舉如9-蒽羧酸、9-羥甲基蒽及1-胺基蒽等。
吸光性化合物亦以使用三三酮化合物為佳。三三酮化合物可例舉如式(1)之化合物。
式中,X表示(f)至(l)之基。
作為本發明下層膜形成組成物之有機材料使用的交聯觸媒,可例舉如酸化合物或酸發生劑。
酸化合物可例舉如對-甲苯磺酸、三氟甲烷磺酸、吡啶鎓-對-甲苯磺酸、水楊酸、樟腦磺酸、磺基水楊酸、檸檬酸、苯甲酸及羥基苯甲酸等酸化合物。又,酸化合物可使用芳族磺酸化合物。芳族磺酸化合物之具體例可列舉如對-甲苯磺酸、吡啶鎓-對-甲苯磺酸、磺基水楊酸、4-氯苯磺酸、4-羥基苯磺酸、苯二磺酸、1-萘磺酸及吡啶鎓-1-萘磺酸等。酸發生劑可例舉如2,4,4,6-四溴環己二烯酮 、對-甲苯磺酸2-硝基苯甲酯、雙(4-第三丁基苯基)碘鎓三氟甲烷磺酸鹽、三苯基硫鎓三氟甲烷磺酸鹽、苯基-雙(三氯甲基)-s-三、對-甲苯磺酸安息香酯(benzoin tosylate)及N-羥基琥珀醯亞胺三氟甲烷磺酸酯等。酸化合物及酸發生劑可單獨或兩種或2種以上組合使用。
作為本發明下層膜形成組成物之有機材料使用的高分子分散劑,例如可使用聚氧化乙烯烷基醚類、聚氧化乙烯烷基苯基醚類、聚乙二醇二酯類、山梨糖醇之環氧乙烷加成物類、山梨糖醇之環氧丙烷加成物類、山梨糖醇之環氧乙烷.環氧丙烷混合加成物類、聚乙烯聚胺之環氧乙烷加成物類、聚乙烯聚胺之環氧丙烷加成物類、聚乙烯聚胺之環氧乙烷.環氧丙烷混合加成物類、壬基苯基醚甲醛縮合物之環氧乙烷加成物類、聚(甲基)丙烯酸鹽類、含羧基之不飽和單體與其他乙烯化合物之共聚物鹽類、聚(甲基)丙烯酸之部分烷酯或其鹽類、聚苯乙烯磺酸鹽類、萘磺酸鹽之甲醛縮合物類、聚伸烷基聚胺類、山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯類、脂肪酸改質聚酯類、聚醯胺、3級胺改質聚脲烷(polyurethane)類、3級胺改質聚酯類等。此等可單獨或2種或2種以上組合使用。
作為本發明下層膜形成組成物之有機材料使用的界面活性劑,可例舉如聚氧化乙烯月桂基醚、聚氧化乙烯硬脂基醚、聚氧化乙烯油基醚等聚氧化乙烯烷基醚類;聚氧化乙烯辛基苯酚醚、聚氧化乙烯壬基苯酚醚等聚氧化乙烯烷基芳基醚類;聚氧化乙烯.聚氧化丙烯嵌段共聚物類;山 梨糖醇酐單月桂酸酯、山梨糖醇酐單棕櫚酸酯、山梨糖醇酐單硬脂酸酯、山梨糖醇酐三油酸酯、山梨糖醇酐三硬脂酸酯等山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯類;聚氧化乙烯山梨糖醇酐單月桂酸酯、聚氧化乙烯山梨糖醇酐單棕櫚酸酯、聚氧化乙烯山梨糖醇酐單硬脂酸酯、聚氧化乙烯山梨糖醇酐三硬脂酸酯等聚氧化乙烯山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯等非離子系界面活性劑,商品名愛氟特普EF301、EF303、EF352(特克姆產物(股)製),商品名美葛伐克F171、F173、R-08、R-30(大日本印墨化學工業(股)製)、氟羅拉得FC430、FC431(住友3M(股)製)、商品名朝日葛得AG710、撒福隆(Saffron)S-382、SC102、SC103、SC104、SC105、SC106(旭硝子(股)製)等氟素系界面活性劑,有機矽氧烷聚合物KP341(信越化學工業(股)製)等。此等界面活性劑之添加量,對下層膜形成組成物之固形物而言一般為0.5質量%以下,以0.2質量%以下為佳。該等界面活性劑可單獨或2種或2種以上組合添加。作為本發明下層膜形成組成物之有機材料使用的接著補助劑,可例舉如三甲基氯矽烷、二甲基乙烯氯矽烷、氯甲基二甲基氯矽烷等氯矽烷類,三甲基甲氧基矽烷、二甲基二乙氧基矽烷、二甲基乙烯乙氧基矽烷、γ-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、二苯基二甲氧基矽烷等烷氧基矽烷類;六甲基二矽烷胺、N,N’-雙(三甲基矽烷基)尿素、二甲基三甲基矽烷基胺、三甲基矽烷基咪唑等矽胺烷類;γ-氯丙基三甲氧基矽烷、γ-胺基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、γ-環氧丙氧基丙 基三甲氧基矽烷、γ-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷等矽烷類;苯并三唑、苯并咪唑、吲唑、咪唑、2-巰基苯并咪唑、2-巰基苯并噁唑、尿唑、硫脲、巰基嘧啶等雜環化合物,1,1-二甲基尿素、1,3-二甲基尿素等尿素化合物。
作為本發明下層膜形成組成物之有機材料使用的流變調整劑,可例舉如苯二甲酸二甲酯、苯二甲酸二乙酯、苯二甲酸二異丁酯、苯二甲酸丁酯異癸酯等苯二甲酸衍生物;己二酸二正丁酯、己二酸二異辛酯、己二酸辛酯癸酯等己二酸衍生物,馬來酸二正丁酯、馬來酸二乙酯、馬來酸二壬酯等馬來酸衍生物;油酸甲酯、油酸丁酯、油酸四氫呋喃甲酯等油酸衍生物;以及硬脂酸正丁酯、硬脂酸甘油酯等硬脂酸衍生物。本發明下層膜形成組成物之有機材料以組合聚合物與交聯性化合物使用為佳。此種情況,有機材料中之聚合物比例為20至90質量%,或30至60質量%,而交聯性化合物之比例為10至80質量%,或40至70質量%。
又,本發明下層膜形成組成物之有機材料以組合聚合物、交聯性化合物與交聯觸媒使用為佳。此種情況,有機材料中之聚合物比例為20至90質量%,或30至60質量%,而交聯性化合物之比例為5至75質量%,或30至65質量%,交聯性觸媒之比例為0.1至5質量%,或0.5至3質量%。
本發明下層膜形成組成物中之有機溶劑並無特別限定 ,可使用各種有機溶劑。例如,可使用乙二醇單甲基醚、乙二醇單乙基醚、甲基溶纖劑乙酸酯、乙基溶纖劑乙酸酯、二乙二醇單甲基醚、二乙二醇單乙基醚、丙二醇、丙二醇單甲基醚、丙二醇單甲基醚乙酸酯、丙二醇丙基醚、丙二醇丙基醚乙酸酯、甲苯、二甲苯、甲基乙基酮、環戊酮、環己酮、2-羥基丙酸乙酯、2-羥基-2-甲基丙酸乙酯、乙氧基乙酸乙酯、羥基乙酸乙酯、2-羥基-3-甲基丁酸甲酯、3-甲氧基丙酸甲酯、3-甲氧基丙酸乙酯、3-乙氧基丙酸乙酯、3-乙氧基丙酸甲酯、丙酮酸甲酯、丙酮酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乳酸乙酯、乳酸丁酯、N-二甲基甲醯胺、N-二甲基乙醯胺、二甲基亞碸及N-甲基吡咯烷酮等。此等有機溶劑可單獨使用,亦可2種或2種以上組合使用。
以下,說明本發明下層膜形成組成物之用途。
於半導體裝置製造用基板(例如,矽/二氧化矽被覆基板、氮化矽基板、玻璃基板、矽晶圓基板、ITO基板、聚醯亞胺基板、低介電率材料(low-k材料)被覆基板等)上,以旋塗裝置及塗佈裝置等適當塗佈方法塗佈本發明之下層膜形成組成物,然後煅燒(燒成)即形成下層膜。煅煅燒條件可於煅燒溫度80至300℃,或150至250℃,煅燒時間0.5至10分鐘或1至5分鐘之中適宜選擇。下層膜之膜厚為例如1至1000nm,或10至500nm,或50至100nm。繼之,於該下層膜上形成光阻層。光阻層之膜厚為50至10000nm。本發明中,於下層膜之上層塗佈而 形成之光阻並無特別限制,可使用廣泛使用之負型光阻、正型光阻之任一種。例如,由酚醛清漆樹脂與1,2-萘醌二疊氮磺酸酯所成的正型光阻、由具有經酸分解而提高鹼溶解速度之基的黏結劑與光酸發生劑所成的化學增幅型光阻、由具有經酸分解而提高鹼溶解速度之基的黏結劑、具有經酸分解而提高光阻之鹼溶解速度的低分子化合物以及光酸發生劑所成的化學增幅型光阻等,例如西普列公司製商品名APEX-E、住友化學工業(股)製商品名PAR710及信越化學工業(股)製商品名SEPR430等。
繼之,經由預先設定之遮罩,以i線、KrF準分子雷射(Excimer Laser)、ArF準分子雷射及F2準分子雷射等光,將經含金屬氮化物粒子之下層膜與光阻層被覆之上述基板加以曝光。曝光後,視需要進行曝光後加熱(Post-exposure Bake)後,藉由使用鹼性水溶液等顯像液進行之顯像,依照設定之圖案去除部分光阻。
光阻之顯像液可例舉如氫氧化鉀、氫氧化鈉等鹼金屬氫氧化物之水溶液、氫氧化四甲基銨、氫氧化四乙基銨、膽鹼等氫氧化四級銨之水溶液;乙醇胺、丙胺、乙二胺等胺之水溶液等鹼性水溶液。顯像液可使用廣泛使用之2.38質量%之氫氧化四甲基銨水溶液。此外,此等顯像液中亦可添加界面活性劑等。顯像之條件可自溫度5至50℃、時間0.1至5分鐘之間適當加以選擇。
繼之,藉由乾蝕刻去除經去除光阻之部分下層膜,露出半導體基板。乾蝕刻以使用氯系氣體為佳。藉由氯系氣 體之乾蝕刻雖不易去除光阻(有機物質),惟可迅速去除本發明之下層膜(無機物質)。因而以光阻作為薄膜使用成為可能。
乾蝕刻亦有氯系氣體與四氟甲烷、全氟環丁烷(C4 F8 )、全氟丙烷(C3 F8 )、三氟甲烷、一氧化碳、氬、氫、氮、氨、氧、氮、六氟化硫、二氟甲烷、三氟化氮及三氟化氯等氣體進行之情況。
然後以圖案化之光阻及下層膜所成之膜作為保護膜,進行半導體基板之加工。半導體基板之加工以使用四氟甲烷等氟系氣體進行乾蝕刻為佳。本發明之下層膜為硬式光罩,因而以氟系氣體進行乾蝕刻不易被去除。
又,本發明下層膜之上層於塗佈、形成光阻之前,亦可塗佈、形成反射防止膜層。該處使用之反射防止膜組成物並無特別限制,可自迄今習用於微影蝕刻製程之物中任意選擇使用。又,可使用慣用方法例如以旋塗器、塗佈器塗佈並煅燒而形成反射防止膜。反射防止膜組成物可例舉如,以吸光性化合物、樹脂及溶劑為主成分者;以具有以化學鍵連結之吸光性基之樹脂、交聯劑及溶劑為主成分者;以吸光性化合物、交聯劑及溶劑為主成分者;以具有吸光性之高分子交聯劑及溶劑為主成分者等。此等反射防止膜組成物另視需要可含有酸成分、酸發生劑成分、流變調整劑等。吸光性化合物以使用對設於反射防止膜上之光阻中之感光成分之感光特性波長領域之光具有高吸收能之化合物即可,並無特別限制,可例舉如二苯甲酮化合物、苯 并三唑化合物、偶氮化合物、萘化合物、蒽化合物、蒽醌化合物、三化合物等。樹脂可例舉如聚酯、聚醯亞胺、聚苯乙烯、酚醛淸漆樹脂、聚縮醛樹脂、丙烯酸樹脂等。具有以化學鍵連結之吸光性基的樹脂可例舉如具有蒽環、萘環、苯環、喹啉環、喹噁啉環、噻唑環之所謂吸光性芳環構造之樹脂。
由本發明之下層膜形成組成物所形成之含有金屬氮化物粒子的下層膜,對微影蝕刻製程中所使用光的波長具有吸收,因而於該種情況下其機能係可作為具有防止來自基板之反射光的效果之層。本發明之下層膜可用於作為:用於防止基板與光阻間相互作用之層;用於防止光阻所用之材料或光阻曝光時生成之物質對基板之不良作用之層;用於防止加熱煅燒時自基板生成之物質擴散至上層光阻之層。
下文,以實施例更具體說明本發明,惟本發明並非限定於此等者。
實施例 合成例1
將甲基丙烯酸2-羥基丙酯20.93g、甲基丙烯酸苯甲酯6.98g溶解於丙二醇單甲醚27.91g中,於反應液中通氮氣30分鐘後,升溫至70℃。將反應溶液保持於70℃並一邊添加偶氮雙異丁腈0.3g,於氮氣雰圍中於70℃攪拌24小時,獲得甲基丙烯酸2-羥基丙酯與甲基丙烯酸苯甲酯之共 聚聚合物之溶液。所得聚合物進行GPC(膠體滲透層析,Gel-Permeation Chromatography)分析,重量平均分子量為15000(以標準聚苯乙烯換算)。
合成例2
將丙烯酸2-羥基乙酯30g溶解於乳酸乙酯30g中,於反應液中通氮氣30分鐘後,升溫至70℃。將反應溶液保持於70℃並一邊添加偶氮雙異丁腈0.3g,於氮氣中於70℃攪拌24小時,獲得聚(2-羥乙基)丙烯酸酯之溶液。所得聚合物進行GPC分析,重量平均分子量為9800(以標準聚苯乙烯換算)。
實施例1
將氧氮化鈦粒子2.7g(平均粒徑100nm,(股)ULVAC.法人中心(CORPORATE CENTER)製)分散於丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯7g中,添加聚氧化乙烯山梨糖醇酐單月桂酸酯0.3g。然後使用孔徑5μm之聚乙烯製微濾器過濾,調製成下層膜形成組成物之溶液。
實施例2
於7.5g含有以30質量%分散之氧氮化鈦粒子(平均粒徑100nm,(股)ULVAC.法人中心製)之丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯溶液中,添加含0.75g合成例1所得聚合物之溶液5g、六甲氧基甲基三聚氰胺1.15g、吡啶鎓-對-甲苯磺 酸0.012g、丙二醇單甲醚0.77g及二甲基亞碸8.66g作成30質量%之溶液。然後使用孔徑0.2μm之聚乙烯製微濾器過濾,而調製下層膜形成組成物之溶液。
比較例1
於含5g合成例1所得聚合物之溶液10g中,添加六甲氧基甲基三聚氰胺1.15g、吡啶鎓-對-甲苯磺酸0.012g、丙二醇單甲醚0.77g及二甲基亞碸8.66g作成30質量%之溶液。然後使用孔徑0.05μm之聚乙烯製微濾器過濾,而調製不含金屬氮化物粒子之下層膜形成組成物之溶液。
比較例2
於含5g合成例1所得聚合物之溶液10g中,添加六甲氧基甲基三聚氰胺1.15g、吡啶鎓-對-甲苯磺酸0.012g、丙二醇單甲醚0.77g及二甲基亞碸8.66g作成30質量%之溶液。然後使用孔徑0.05μm之聚乙烯製微濾器過濾,而調製不含金屬氮化物粒子之下層膜形成組成物之溶液。
光阻對溶劑之溶出試驗
以旋塗法將實施例1及2所得之下層膜形成組成物之溶液,分別以旋塗器塗佈於矽晶圓基板上。於熱板上於205℃煅燒1分鐘而形成下層膜(膜厚460nm)。將該等下層膜浸漬於光阻所使用之溶劑乳酸乙酯及丙二醇單甲醚中,確認其不溶於此等溶劑中。
與光阻之互混試驗
以旋塗法將實施例1及2所得之下層膜形成組成物之溶液,分別塗佈於矽晶圓基板上。於熱板上於205℃煅燒5分鐘而形成下層膜(膜厚450nm)。於該等下層膜之上層,以旋塗器塗佈市售之光阻溶液(西普列公司製,商品名APEX-E等)。於熱板上於90℃加熱1分鐘而形成光阻層。將光阻曝光後,於90℃進行曝光後加熱1.5分鐘。光阻經顯像後,測定下層膜之厚度,確認下層膜與光阻不發生互混。
乾蝕刻速度之試驗
將實施例1、2及比較例1、2所得之下層膜形成組成物之溶液,分別以旋塗器塗佈於矽晶圓基板上。於熱板上於205℃煅燒5分鐘而形成下層膜(各個膜厚450nm)。使用日本科學技術(Science Technology CO.,LTD.)製RIE系ES401,於使用CF4 作為乾蝕刻氣體之條件下,測定乾蝕刻之速度。乾蝕刻速度係以單位時間下層膜之膜厚減少量計算出。
結果示於表1。選擇性係示以光阻之乾蝕刻速度為1.00時,下層膜之乾蝕刻速度。表中,A1示甲基丙烯酸2-羥基丙酯與甲基丙烯酸苯甲酯之共聚聚合物,A2示聚(2-羥乙基)丙烯酸酯,B1示氧氮化鈦。
由實施例1、2之下層膜形成組成物所得之含金屬氮化物粒子之下層膜的乾蝕刻速度,確實較比較例1不含金屬氮化物粒子之下層膜者為小。
由上表可知,與聚合物之有無不相關,藉由導入金屬氮化物粒子,即可獲得具有較小乾蝕刻速度之含金屬氮化物粒子之下層膜。
含金屬氮化物粒子之下層膜之乾蝕刻速度較光阻之乾蝕刻速度為小之必要性,係因為將下層膜上形成之光阻加以顯像,然後以乾蝕刻將半導體底層基板加工之步驟中,藉由含金屬氮化物粒子之下層膜之乾蝕刻速度成為較半導體底層加工基板之乾蝕刻速度更小,而光阻可薄膜化,且圖案可正確轉錄於基板。

Claims (7)

  1. 一種硬式光罩用氮化物塗佈型下層膜形成組成物,其係用於半導體裝置製造用之旋轉塗佈下層膜的形成,其特徵係含有(i)平均粒徑為1至1000nm之金屬氮化物粒子、(ii)選自下述之有機材料:聚合物、交聯性化合物、吸光性化合物、界面活性劑、高分子分散劑、交聯觸媒、接著補助劑,以及流變(rheology)調整劑與其混合物,及(iii)有機溶劑,其中,該組成物中固形物(指自下層膜形成組成物之全部成分中去除有機溶劑成分後餘留之成分)的摻合比例為0.1~70質量%,且該組成物中金屬氮化物粒子的含量為40~99.9質量%。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之下層膜形成組成物,其中該金屬氮化物粒子含有至少一種選自鈦、矽、鉭、鎢、鈰、鍺、鉿及鎵所成組群之元素者。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項之下層膜形成組成物,其中該金屬氮化物粒子係至少一種選自氮化鈦、氧氮化鈦(titanium oxynitride)、氮化矽、氧氮化矽、氮化鉭、氧氮化鉭、氮化鎢、氧氮化鎢、氮化鈰、氧氮化鈰、氮化鍺、氧氮化鍺、氮化鉿、氧氮化鉿、氮化銫、氧氮化銫、氮化鎵及、氧氮化鎵所成組群之至少一種金屬氮化物粒子者 。
  4. 一種半導體裝置製造用之硬式光罩用氮化物塗佈型下層膜之形成方法,其特徵係包含將如申請專利範圍第1~3項中任一項之下層膜形成組成物旋轉塗佈於半導體基板上,於煅燒溫度80至300℃、煅燒時間0.5至10分鐘之條件下進行煅燒。
  5. 一種半導體裝置製造用之光阻圖案的形成方法,其特徵係包含將如申請專利範圍第1~3項中任一項之下層膜形成組成物旋轉塗佈於半導體基板上,並於煅燒溫度80至300℃、煅燒時間0.5至10分鐘之條件下進行煅燒而形成下層膜之步驟、於該下層膜上形成光阻層之步驟、將經下層膜與光阻層包覆之半導體基板曝光之步驟及使曝光後之光阻層顯像之步驟,以及將對應於已去除之光阻層部分的下層膜部分以乾蝕刻去除之步驟。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第5項之光阻圖案的形成方法,其中該曝光係以248nm、193nm或157nm波長之光進行者。
  7. 一種硬式光罩用氮化物塗佈型下層膜形成組成物之使用,其係用於藉由半導體裝置製造用之旋轉塗佈而形成硬式光罩用氮化物塗佈型下層膜之申請專利範圍第1~3項中任一項之下層膜形成組成物之使用,其中,該組成物係含有(i)平均粒徑為1至1000nm之金屬氮化物粒子、 (ii)選自下述之有機材料:聚合物、交聯性化合物、吸光性化合物、界面活性劑、高分子分散劑、交聯觸媒、接著補助劑,以及流變(rheology)調整劑與其混合物,及(iii)有機溶劑,且該組成物中固形物(指自下層膜形成組成物之全部成分中去除有機溶劑成分後餘留之成分)的摻合比例為0.1~70質量%,且該組成物中金屬氮化物粒子的含量為40~99.9質量%。
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