TW575977B - Roughened electrolyte interface layer for solid oxide fuel cells - Google Patents
Roughened electrolyte interface layer for solid oxide fuel cells Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW575977B TW575977B TW90113127A TW90113127A TW575977B TW 575977 B TW575977 B TW 575977B TW 90113127 A TW90113127 A TW 90113127A TW 90113127 A TW90113127 A TW 90113127A TW 575977 B TW575977 B TW 575977B
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- electrolyte
- oxide
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 74
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 61
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Description
575977 A7 B7 玉〜 發明説明( 發明背景.· 本發明麵於-種塗覆粗糙化界面微小 質以及其使用於_氧化物燃料電池中。Ba、a ―解 使用固態電解㈣料作為崎電池以及觀多年以來 之主題。—般固態氧化物燃料電池⑽〇之 成份包含⑨餘-離子-導電電解質夾於多孔性導電性金屬 或陶咖之間。在該電池中在陽極處藉由將 道物栽4化而魅f流,該fi氣與 過電解質之氧離子產生反應作用。 恃凃逋 實際發電單元通常包含多個賴造之簡電池,並串 連或並連地與導f性陶£,金屬随,或金射互連^材 料相互連結。目前,選擇作為該裝置之材料包含定 之氧化錯(Zr〇2)作為電極,鎳令&金屬陶究作為陽極材料 ,摻雜滅之鑭水鑑礦(LaMn〇1)作為陰極,以及金屬特別是以 /Fe合金以及m合金,金屬互化物,及摻雜义或如之“&⑶ 作為交互連接之結構。其他氧離子傳導物為人們所知。在 相當高溫度下(例如6〇〇°C或更高),氧化錯電解質會呈現出 良好的離子傳導性但是為低導電性。 已發展出數項不同設計之固態氧化物燃料電池,其包 含例如支樓之管件設計,區段化串連電池設計,單體設計 以及平板設計。所有這些設計已在文獻中說明,一項說明 為Minh之"High-Temperature Fuel Cells Part 2· The Solid Oxide Ceir,Chemtech· 21:120-126(1991)。 管狀設計包含密閉端部多孔性氧化錯管件外部塗覆電 1 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A2規格(210X 297公釐) 2 575977 A7 B7 五、發明説明 3 心ίΓί 、.-r-、.七 •v_ 丨’ 部 局 貝 r 消 作 :ίΐ. 說明。Aitken等人之美國第5273837號專利顯示一種設計, 其中電解質相鄰片狀物陰極以及陽極彼此面對著以及其中 電池並不連接厚的交互連結/分隔物於燃料電池多個單元 熱區域中。該薄的含有彈性燒結電解質之裝置為較佳的, 此由於經由薄電解質之低歐姆損耗以及由於在燒結狀態下 彈性以及強固性所致。 燃料電池性能即運載電流容量以及電池之整體效率受 限於其内部電阻,任何功率供應器最大功率受限於pmax=v2 /4Rinternal。燃料電池電路包含電解質,電極,以及電流導體 。内部電阻為數個元件之總和,其包含電極歐姆電阻,電解 質電阻,充電轉移反應之電極/電解質界面電阻,以及電流 導體電阻。充電轉移之界面電阻主要決定於電化學特性, 以及電極之物理以及化學之特性。 先前技術裝置無法滿意地在SOFC中減小該界面電阻。 例如,密實Ce〇2薄層已噴塗於氧化锆以避免在陰極燒結過 程中與La(Sr)Mn〇3反應而形成鍅酸鑭型式之化合物。當電 極-電極界面存在時,錯酸_化合物具有不良的離子導電性 以及嚴重地使燃料電池性能衰變^ Murray等人之,,Impr〇ved Performance in (La, Sr)Mn〇3 and (La, Sr)(Co, Fe)〇3 Cathodes By the Addition of a Gd-Doped Ceria Second Phase" Electrochem. Soc. Proc. PV 99-19: 369-379 (1999)說明改良氧化鈽陰極之塗覆,其將減小電解質表面 界面之電阻,該表面為顆粒粗糙化以改善電極薄膜黏附。 本發明係關於提供改良燃料電池結構,適合於任何上 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4g—( 21 〇公釐" (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝· 、1' 575977 部 中 .十.. i 作 社 印 .剪 A7 B7 五、發明説明(+ ) 述燃料電池之設計,其將避免燃料電池製造之許難 時提供改良物理,熱學,電學特性之電池。特別地,样明 係關於克服紐能電極/t解料錢阻之絲二 電極與電解質間之不良黏附性。 發明大要: 本發明係關於電解質結構塗覆於至少一個具有粗趁化 界面微小晶質層之表面上。 本發明亦關於製造具有粗键界面微小晶質層之電解質 f構的方法。财法包含提供fw«,塗 層於至=㈣解縣質之—個表面,以及將界面層燒結。 本發明另外-方面為固態氧化物㈣電池,其包含正 的空氣f極,負的燃料電極,以及陶«解質結構位於正的 與負的_電極之間,以及粗祕面微小晶質暑 極結構以及至少一個正的空氣電極以及負的燃料電 …本發明另外―項係關於固態氧化物燃料電池,其包含 極,負的燃料電極,以及陶瓷電解質結構位於正 多二料電極之間,其中電解質結構黏附至 ;弘極、,”構相對兩側,其所在條件有效地 2=,連或並連地連接以及其令至少兩個電池燃料 多辦元地結合,其中類似的相鄰多 5 電極叙此面對著,其所在條件將有效形 區^而不需要額外的氣體分離或交互連接層 •…、板k谷面微丨、晶質層位於電解質結構與至少一個正 (210X297公釐) 7 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
575977 A7 五、發明説明(心) f t之電解f結構。在此所謂微小晶制包含由顆 〜、'卜!、於1微米優先地小於Ο. 5微求晶質所構成之晶質層 ^在-項實施例中,電解質結構為晶質陶究。優先地晶質 陶莞包含穩定之氧蛾刪,定之氧蛾氧化給,穩定 乳化铪,部份觀氧触,錢氧德與氧⑽之混合物 具有氧化錯之氧化錦,具有氧化錯之紙亂,鍺,以及其混合 物選取出。最優先為穩定以及部份穩定之氧倾。這些包 含部份穩定氧化錯或穩定之氧化錯,其摻雜一種元素之氧 化物,該元素由Y, Ce,Ca,Mg,Sc,Nd,Sra,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,H〇, Er ,Tm,Yb,Lu,In,Ti,Sn,Nb,Ta,Mo,以及W選取出。 在優先實施例中,本發明電解質結構厚度小於45微米, 優先地厚度小於3〇微米,以及最優先地厚度小於5—2〇微米 。本發明薄的彈性晶質陶瓷電解質提供提昇之熱衝擊抵抗 ('生及Μ化本〈性能,以及提供耐久性自由直立之電解質層, 界面層能夠很容易地塗覆於其上面。人之美 第5089455號專利在此加入作為參考之用,該專利說明該形 式自由直立薄電解質之配方以及製造,以及可參考專利對 該材料之更進一步詳細說明。 經滴部中央樣李鬲員工消費合作社印-«. 彈性燒結陶甍片狀物電解質例如本發明本發明帶狀禱 造部份穩定(3%摻雜氧化釔)氧化鍅之表面為相當平滑。在 Zygo光學分佈儀對該片狀物量測到約為大小之算數平 均(Ra)粗糖度值,儘管在散射波峰及波谷量測中量測到電 解質片狀物表面上最大尺寸大於33〇nm之雜質。 加以對比,當利用相同的技術量測時,本發明產生粗鏠 令紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(21〇ϋ7公釐) 575977 A7 B7 發明説明 經濟部中呋標準局轉Η消背合作社印-s 界面層通常呈現itl平均表面姆度大於15_,通常大於 200ml。該增加出現大部份由於在表面材料中存在許多相 1大的波峰及波谷所致。t界面層藉由泥t塗膜方法塗覆 s寺,該表面組織或許產生微小顆粒為較大微弱膠凝結構於 界面塗膜泥漿中。大部份,膠凝結_之界面呈現出低於 電解質表面之非常深波谷。 、在任何叙下,我們魏提高界輯產生之粗糙度將 改善電極以及簡電池之賊以及電化學(低界面阻抗)特 性二薄界減構許錯小尺度讀大波㈣絲大尺度深 波J將&:善熱知脹係數並不完全匹配之電極黏附性。該數 據建議微小尺度尖♦亦改善之電化學特性,其藉由具有多 個作為發生電化學反應之電極—電解質接觸面積而達成。 所在本發明優先實施例中,界面層為與先前所說明電解 質結構相[5]組成份之乡晶質喊。_適合作為具有氧化 ,電解質之界面層為先前所說明之部份穩定氧化錯以及穩 定氧化鍅,摻雜Y2〇3之Ce〇2或pr,以及其混合物。摻雜γ2〇3 或Pr之CeCb,或摻雜讣之Zr〇2界面層能夠具有離子性以及 電子導體。連接界面層之粗糙/多孔性幾何特性,此能夠更 進一步降低界面電阻以及在較低溫度下操作。 本發明界面層具有該電阻之歐姆元件。界面層越薄以 及越密實,元件歐姆值越低。因而在優先實施例中,界面層 厚度小於5微米,優先地厚度小於2微米,以及最優先地厚度 小於1微米 三相邊界能夠經由利用導電相界面層之滲透而提昇。 本紙張尺度朝巾_家_ (⑽} (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ----------r ---裝 ^-----訂-------線,丨 ---_-- -I - - - 1 - -- (0 575977 A7 B7
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五、發明説明([〇 此分離,電解㈣雜的以允許離子傳導岐_氧 以及燃料儲存槽間之導電性。 本發明另外-個重要項目為燃料電池包含電解質結構 ,其具有至少一項界面層直接地或間接地黏附至至少一個 其他燃料電池元件,其由密實或多孔性電極層,電流導體 以及導電引線選取出。 通常,例如上述所說明順應燃料電池次結構包含至少 一個陽極層,陰極層,以及電流導體黏附至含有塗膜電解質 結構。更優先地,至少一個金屬,陶竞,或金屬電流導體以 及至少一個電極(陽極及/或陰極)之黏合組合物,具有電流 導體以及電解質結構導電性接觸之電極。 本叙明並不文限於任何特別系列電極或電流導體。因 而例如由始肩合金,銀,或其他貴金屬金屬,鎳或鎳合金線 或網所構成的結構能夠加以使用作為這些材料之塗膜或圖 案層。這些導電性結構能夠使用作為電流 於電極層頂部,底部或沿著側邊提供。M…Μ、 與本發明結合電解質之電極材料為銀务氧化鍅組合 及金屬材料具有1-40%惰性氣體相例如為鎳/氧化紀穩 疋氧化金屬陶兗,貝金屬/氧化紀穩定化氧化錯金屬陶瓷, 些為特別地有用的,但是並不受限於作為陽極用途。其 他使用作為陽極材料之材料包含鹼土金屬鉻酸鑭,摻雜氧 化鈦及/或摻雜氧化錦以氧化紀穩定之氧化錯,導電妈鈦氧 化物等。 有用的陰極材料包含例如陶莞以及金屬陶兗材料例如 本紙張尺度適用中國) Α4^ (ΤΓ^^ 13 ' 575977 A7 r——„— …—B7 五、發明説明((() 摻雜鋰鑭水輔,雜1¾德植鑛,其轉祕土金屬之 砸鉻酸鹽,輝鈷礦,以及水錳礦,以及貴金屬/氧化紀穩定 之氧化結金屬陶究。這些先前範例為能夠使用各種電極材 料之範例。 本發明粗糙界面層特別地適合使用於銀一把—氧化結電 極組成份以及氧化釔部份穩定氧化鍅電極。連同銀—鈀—氧 化錯電極以及氧她部份敎之氧德電解質,在溫度低 於725 C下厚度小於2微米之⑽造化界面微小晶質層的界面 電阻低於0· 1-0. 3歐姆每平方公分。圖3顯示能夠達成之低 界面電阻。 本發明粗糙化界面微小晶質層將減小固態電解質燃料 電池中之界面電阻。減小界面電阻導致較高功率密度及/ 或降低燃料電池之溫度操作。特別地,同時並不希望受限 : 於理論,人們相信界面之粗糙及/或多孔特性能夠產生更多 fe角句,▲使銀鈀氧化錘電極黏附至電解質以及將氧注入電解 質。 、 燃料電池性能受限於其内部電阻,由pmax二ν2/4Κ— 所計算功率供應值之最大功率。燃料電池包含電解質,電 極,以及電流導體。内部電阻為數個元件之總和,包含電極 區人姆電阻,電解質電阻,電極/電解質界面電阻,以及電流導 體電阻。電極/電解質界面電阻為本發明之重點。 I 電解質電阻決定於材料特性以及幾何特性以及與電解 ! 貝年度成車比。為了在溫度低於850°〇,8()0Τ:,更優先地低 於725 C下刼作燃料電池,實際電極必需儘可能地薄。使用
2 IX ----卜[|裝β (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 、11 綵· 13575977 A7 丨"-.1,·ι〜 五、發明説明(丨1 ) 經濟部中央搖率局^:工消費含作社卬^: 薄的彈性電解質,裝置賴考慮操作界於麵。C與彻。〇之 間。為了使用薄的電解質,其必需相當強固足以承受處理 。電解質之選擇為重要的。 夕此與官狀設計成對比,其中電解質支撐於約為1mm厚度 之多孔性官件上,以及先前的電池設計,其中電解質為5〇至 =0微米厚。本伽—項實補為使用厚度低祕微米之 薄的陶竟電解f,優先地厚度低於難米以及最優先地厚 度低於丨5微米。裝置能夠使用電解質薄至5微米。所形成 燃料電池元件總厚度低於150微米,越薄電解質產生較小電 阻損耗,提昇機械特性,以及為越佳用途之原料。由於薄陶 竞電解質之雜順應性,該電解質、㈣彎曲產生熱應力釋 除之優點,其產生熱衝擊抵抗性。 例如,具有2至6%莫耳比之氧化錯電解質包含至少一些 四^形結構,其㈣使電解f產生變形之祕化。該粗糙 化能夠產生超過三倍之強度優於具有8%或1〇%氧化釔之完 全穩定氧化锆。然而,具有6至10%莫耳比氧化釔之組成份 呈現出較高軒料性。_,優先域份&含3至1〇%莫 耳比m於zr〇2中,以及更優先地包含3至6%莫耳比γ. Mb。後者為最優先地,因為後者為最優先的,因為在室 溫下作處理具有較高之機械強度。 其他i先組成份為氧化鉛摻雜2—丨⑽莫耳比總量& ,或^土族氧化物⑽,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,H〇,也Tm,yb以及 Lu氧化物),或其混合物。該摻雜劑在較低至中等含量之組 成伤具有四面體相類似於氧化釔氧化物摻雜劑,其將提高 纸張尺度適财® S!家轉(CNsT a(r (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) --裝_-----訂-------線 575977 A7 _Β7 五'、發'明説明() — '
=質之機械特性以及較高含量摻雜劑主要為立方相I 具有較高離子導電性。 電解質每單位面積之最大功率輸出決定產物之經濟性 本务明優先使用電解質產生低的内部電阻以及較高最大 岔度。高功率以及輕的幾何特性形成每單位體積以及 母單位重量之高功率。 電解質電阻為與溫度強烈相關之函數。優先地燃料電 木作於低於850°c,但是優先地操作於低於725°C。溫度 越低能夠使用廣泛範圍之材料例如為不鏽鋼以及銀合金。 在這些溫度下優先地總内電阻小於1歐姆-平方公分,更優 先地小於〇· 6歐姆-平方公分,以及最優先地小於〇· 4歐姆一 平方公分。為了達成這些總電阻,各個電阻元件必需在特 定範圍内。在這些相同的溫度下,電解質電阻之優先範圍 為低於0· 4歐姆-平方公分,更優先地低於歐姆—平方公分, 以及最優先小於0· 1歐姆-平方公分。 如人們所熟知,電極歐姆電阻由電極電阻,厚度以及經 由電極之電流路徑長度所決定。電極材料之電阻限制有用 的電流路徑長度。優先地電極歐姆電阻並不大於0.4歐姆-平方公分,更優先地小於0. 2歐姆-平方公分,以及最優先地 小於0.1歐姆-平方公分。 對於金屬或金屬陶瓷電極,例如為Ni合金陽極以及貴 金屬電極,電極電阻為十分低。在金屬情況下,以及特別是 貴金屬例如為銀,鈀,鉑,以及金,金屬電阻約為10_5至1 (Γ6 歐姆-公分以及電極厚度減小至〇· 1至50歐姆之間,例如為1 37¾尺度適用中國國家標率(CNS ) A4規格(210X 297公釐) (6 4 11 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 線 15575977 A7 一一一-----!— 「. _ / ! 一 . ...—----丨五、發明説明(外) 至20歐姆之間,而不會損及性能。具有—〇3以及 其他詞欽氧化物材料,電阻約為1〇-2歐姆-公分,約為⑺的^ 次方倍,及設計必需依靠低至2歷非常短的路徑長度,厚的 電極大於20微米,或高度導電流之收集器(參閱Aitken等人 之美國第5273837號專利)。小於微米之電極優先地將材 料之使用減為最小以及提昇彈性以及熱衝擊抵抗性。 性旎決定於電極中具有較短路徑產生較高性能之電流 路徑長度。使用較厚電極以補償長的路徑長度,但是產生 較鬲材料費用以及較為,堅硬以及較小順應之裝置。一些設 計例如管狀設計使用至少一個厚的電極,使七1>1〇〇微米使 電極阻抗減為最低。由於相互接點間之距離1通常大於2公 刀’管狀设计通常需要厚度大於1毫米之電極。平面設計需 求籍由多個相互連接間多個觸點以減小電極阻抗以及電池 電極觸點間之間距小於1公分以及小至2mm。這些設計能夠 在相互連接材料與電極之間使用線性觸點。相互連接本身 橋接於相鄰電池之間以及必需將空氣與燃料分離,同時作 為結構之構件。 本發明燃料電池中電極歐姆阻抗能夠藉由使用電流收 集柵格加以減小。對於已知的電極材料,厚度,以及柵格, 目鈿本發明藉由將電流路徑長度減小而使電極阻抗減小。 使用柵格使得可能使用具有較長電流路徑長度之電池。在 缺少柵格時,需要使用較短路徑長度之電池。 本發明燃料電池具有許多種電池樣式為可能的。電池 能夠加以排列以提高性能,強度,或容易製造。例如,電池 衣紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(:ΠΟχ297公釐) Ρ了 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ,裝 訂 -線. 575977 kl -----—------B7 五、發明説明(丨g ) 能夠使用平行以及串連連接,其能夠提高裝置之重現性。 為了使性能最佳化,在相同裝置上之電池㈣加以印製具 有不同的電池長度,以及不同的面積。能夠選擇電池之幾 何形狀以較佳地使祕料或簡傳輪。電池能夠排列為線 |±地一列,同心圓環狀,三角形楔形,或任何其他所選擇之 形狀以產生多方面或改善之性能。 本發明另外一項為固態氧化物燃料電池設計,其包含 至少兩個單位之燃料電池,其中至少兩個單位之燃料電池 以交替性燃料/空氣多重體結合,其中相同電極之相鄰多 個單位燃料電池彼此面對,其所在情況將有效地形成空氣 或燃料區域而不需要額外氣體分離或交互連接層。 本發明另外一項為製造固態氧化物燃料電池之方法。 5玄力法包含提供電解質基質,塗覆至少一個界面微小晶質 I層於哥:解質基質至少一個表面上,燒結至少一個界面微小 晶質層,以及塗覆至少一層電極層於至少一個界面微小晶 質層。 ' 本發明燃料電池能夠首先籍由上述所說明方法配製塗 I 膜電極。電極在施加於塗膜電解質以及加以煆燒。塗覆方 法包含業界已知的任何方法包含非限制性之網版印刷,轉 I 移印刷,汽相沉積法,電鍍等。電極能夠在單一步驟中塗覆 欠 上或扁要夕個步驟使用一種或多種方法以形成所需要之微 | 結構及組成份。在塗覆後,電極需要或不需要熱處理以達 | 到所需要< 特性。優先地電極/塗覆電解質/電極三層保持 一些彈性。引線能夠黏附至燃料電池。 合 作 I ' · ' 泰紙張·尺度適用中國國家榡準(CNS ) Μ規格(210X297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁}
575977 A 7 _ 扣 五、發明説明(& ) , 範例: 範例1-陶瓷泥漿之配製 使用表I所示之成份製造陶瓷泥漿含有100公克氧化錯 粉末。 表1 ; 泥漿原料之成份 成份 製造商 形式 功能 原料質量 氧化鍅ΤΖ-3Υ Tosoh 粉末 陶瓷 100. 0公克 乙醇 Mallinkrodt 液體 溶劑 36. 36公克 1-丁醇 Fisher 液體 溶劑 8. 79公克 丙二唇 Fisher 液體 溶劑 2· 〇〇公克 水份(蒸餾) 液體 溶劑 2. 50公克 Emphos PS^21AWitco 液體 分散劑 1· 〇〇公克 所有成份小瓶保持緊密地閉合持續到加以使用以減小 捕獲之水份。250毫升Nalgene聚乙烯塑膠容器利用1〇一2() 毫升乙醇或甲醇清洗二次。容器再放置於7〇它乾燥箱中將 乙醇蒸發。在乾燥後,稱重容器及蓋子。氧化鍅粉末在稱 ^容器中稱重以及放置在一旁。乙醇吸入乾燥鼬1软肪容 器内。卜丁醇再吸入塑膠容器内。其次,丙二醇吸入容器 内。最後,水份以及Emphos PS-21A再吸入容器内。大約1 奶〇公克1〇毫米Tosoh TZP-3W磨介質加以稱重以及記錄 =量。介質再加入容器内以及容器緩和地搖動。氧化錯粉 末再由稱重瓶加入。蓋子再放置於容器上以及加以蓋緊。 =容器再加以稱重以及計算劑,財,以及分散劑之 重里。泥漿再施以振動研磨72小時,之後量測泥漿之黏滯 7 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝« 、1Τ 爾尺錢用' 575977 A7 ~ ~B7 |五、發明説明(门) 8 性。 · 八進行,_人γ儿澱步驟以去除粗顆粒以及將泥漿中顆粒尺 田布狹乍化雙重沉殺技術提供良好的顆粒尺寸分佈而 具有可接受之材料損耗。、以上述過耘對第二125毫升塑膠容器以及蓋子 加二清洗以及乾燥。研聽器得狀泥漿注人第二容器内 下研磨介胁原先容L對Μ以及具有蓋子之 第二,器稱重。粗顆粒在泥漿中沉澱72小時。對第三容器 =及蓋子π洗,稱重,以及記錄重量。小心地將未沉澱之泥 水吸入第二谷ϋ,小心地並不要吸出任何已職之沉殿物 對包含第二谷器以及蓋子之吸出泥漿加以稱重。該泥漿再沉;I又24小0寸。苐二容器中殘餘物/沉澱物在g〇。。揮發性 烘箱中乾燥至少三小時以及對乾燥殘餘物及容器與蓋子稱 t ° ” 以先前所說明方式清洗第四125毫升塑膠容器以及蓋 子。記錄第四蓋子及容器之重量。再次地,由第三(24小時 )谷器之泥漿吸入第四容器,利用吸管小心地不要吸出任何 已>儿殿之殘餘物。對第四容器以及蓋子稱重以及記錄重量 。以先前所說明方式殘餘物在第三容器中乾燥以及加以稱 重。由所記錄之重量,能夠決定出遺留於第四容器中之陶 瓷粉末之數量。 微弱膠凝劑,冰醋酸,塑凝劑,黏接劑加入殘餘泥漿中 之陶瓷粉丰内。使用作為膠凝及黏接之成份顯示於下列表 2中,其記錄存在過剩重量殘餘陶曼粉末之重量百分比。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 2.0 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝. 訂 線 19 19 A7 575977 B7 五、發明説明(1¾ ) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 表2使用作為膠凝以及黏接劑系統之成份 成份 製造商 形式作用 原料質量 冰醋酸 Malinckrodt液體膠凝劑 陶瓷粉末之1%重量比 異丙醇 Fisher 液體酸稀釋劑1%重量比 酸二丁酯Aldrich 液體塑化劑 3. 5%重量比 聚乙烯丁 Monsanto 粉末黏接劑 6%重量比 縮酸 製造50/50重量比冰醋酸於異丙醇溶液。該溶液之2% 重量比(超過其餘陶瓷粉末重量)吸入第四容器中之泥漿。 放置蓋子以及容器緩和地加以振盪。 3. 5%重量比酸二丁酯(超過其餘陶瓷粉末之重量)吸 入至第四容器中之泥漿内。蓋上蓋子以及容器緩和地加以 振盪。該容器再放置於塗料振盪器型式之裝置歷時15分鐘 以完全地將黏接劑溶解。兩個乾淨氧化锆研磨介質放置於 容器内以及容器放置於低速滚動研磨器上。 範例2:稀釋溶液配製 ' 對於稀釋溶液配製,使用範例1中與陶瓷泥漿相同的處 方,但是並不加入陶瓷粉末或分散劑(參閱下列表3)。因而 並不需要沉澱之步驟。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ).A4規格(210X297公釐)
Claims (1)
- 575977 A8 B8 C8 D8 申請專利範圍 26 .經 :.r- 4-1- (f 錯之鉍,釓,鍺,以及其混合物選取出。 19·依據申請專利範圍第18項之方法,其中多晶質陶瓷由部 份穩定氧化錯或穩定氧化锆,部份穩定或穩定氧化鍅摻雜 種摻雜劑,該摻雜劑由Y,Ce,Ca,Mg,Sc,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb, Dy,Ho, Er,Tm,Yb,Lu,ln,Ti,Sn,Nb,Ta,Mo,以及W之氧化物 選取出。 2〇·依據申請專利範圍第15項之方法,其中電解質基質厚度 為5微米至45微米。 、a 21·依據申請專利範圍第15項之方法,其中電解質基質為自 由直立薄的電解質。 22·依據申請專利範圍第15項之方法,其中界面層與電解 基質具有相同的組成份。 23_依據申請專利範圍第15項之方法,其中界面層為多 陶瓷。 Τ依 1申請專利範圍第23項之方法,其中多晶質陶究由部 伤穩疋氧赌,氧化!§,摻雜^之⑽,雜故⑽,以 及其混合物選取出。 申請專利範圍第24項之方法,其中多晶質陶究由部 知^疋氧化1 域穩定氧傾,部份敎或穩定氧化鍅摻雜 種摻雜劑,該摻雜劑由γ,Ce,Ca,Mg,Sc,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb, Dy,Ho, Er,Tm,Yb,Lu,In, Ti,Sn,Nb,Ta,Mo,以及W之氧化物 選取出。 二^據中請專利範圍第15項之方法,其中界面層厚度高達 b 4政米。 質 質 f請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁j •裝· 訂— 線 义張尺度適用中國國家標^ 申請專利範圍 27. 依據申請專利範圍第15項之方法,其中界面層更進一步 包含導電相。 28. 依據申請專利範圍第15項之方法,其中導電相為金屬, 金屬合金,或金屬陶曼。 29. 依據申請專利範圍第28項之方法,其中導電相為金屬, 該金屬由鉑,鈀,金,銀,以及其混合物選取出。 30. 依據申請專利範圍第15項之方法,其中塗覆包含利用分 解為顆粒之前身產物化合物塗覆電解質基質。 31. 依據申請專利範圍第3〇項之方法,其中前身產物化合物 由醋酸锆,硝酸氧化鍅,氯化锆,硫酸鍅,氫氧化鍅,懸浮性 氧化鉛,以及其混合物選取出。 32·依據申請專利範圍第π項之方法,其中塗覆包含帶狀鑄 造。 、 T 33. —種固態氧化物燃料電池,其包含: 正的空氣電極; 負的燃料電極; 個正 電解雜構位於正的空氣電極與負_料電極 粗糖化界面微小晶質層位於電解質結構以及至小^ 的空氣電極與負的燃料電極之一中間。 一、1 34. 依據申請專利範圍第33項之燃料電池 f極。 民靶、乳化錯 35. 依據申請專利範圍第33項之 為多晶質陶究。 ’’’、$池,其中電解質結構 575977專利範圍 A8 B8 C8 D8 8 2 36.依據申請專利範圍第33項之燃料電池,其 由穩定氧聽,部份敎氧脱,敎氧條 化,氧化給與氧化給之混合物,具有氧化錐之氧化H 有氧化錯之鉍,釓,鍺,以及其混合物選取出。 …、 37·依據巾請專利範圍第18項之燃料電池,其中多 由部份穩定氧紐或穩定氧憾,部份穩定或穩定氧化錯 摻雜一種摻雜劑,該摻關由Y,Ce,Ca,Mg,Sc,Nd,Sm,Eu Gd ,Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb,Lu,In, Ti,Sn,Nb,Ta,Mo,以及w之绩 化物選取出。 之乳 38·依據申請專利範圍第33項之燃料電池,其中電解質结 厚度為5微米至45微米。 9_敗據申明專利範圍第33項之燃料電池,其中電解質 為自由直立薄的電解質。 、 4〇·依據申請專利範圍第33項之燃料電池,其中界面層與電 解質結構具有相同的組成份。 41,依據申請專利範圍第33項之燃料電池,其中界面層為多 晶質陶究。 42·依據申請專利範圍第41項之燃料電池,其中多晶質陶兗 由σ|^穩、定氧化錯,氧化錯,摻雜Υ2〇3之Ce〇2,摻雜Pr之Ce〇2 ,以及其混合物選取出。 43·依據申請專利範圍第42項之燃料電池,其中多晶質陶究 由口卩伤穩定氧化锆或穩定氧化鍅,部份穩定或穩定氧化鍅 ^雜種摻雜劑,該摻雜劑由Y, Ce,Ca,Mg,Sc,M,Sm,Eu,Gd ’ Tb,Dy,Ho, Er,Tm,Yb,Lu,In,Ti,Sn,Nb,Ta,Mo,以及W之氧 ίί--:--i--裝.-- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 一 、 、言 線 ’ “張尺^) A4綠(210X297公釐) /jy / A8 申請專利範圍 9 2 化物選取出。 44·依據申請專利範圍第 高達5微米。 燃枓電池,其中界面層厚度 45·依據申請專利範圍第犯項之一步包含導電相。 、"、、科電池,其中界面層更進 46·依據申請專利範圍第奶項 屬,金屬合金,或金屬陶究。、‘"、枓電池,其中導電相為金 47.請專利範圍第46項之 屬,該金屬由鉑,鈀今# Ώ β电,八甲V電相為金 復依據申請專:1=3:,^ 黏接至多個電極於電解質結構 地製造出多辦連或並連之電池。,,、所在條件有效 49· 一種固態氧化物燃料電池,其包含: 正的空氣電極; 負的燃料電極; 中^結構位於正的空氣電極與負的燃料電極之間;立 雜至多個電極於電解黯構相對兩側上: ,、所在條件有效製造红少兩辦連或錢之電池盆中 ^兩個單元之燃料電池以交替性燃料/空氣多重體加以 中相鄰多個單元燃料電池之相同電極彼此面對著, 二所在條件有效形成空氣或燃料區域而不需要額外的氣體 隔離或交互連接層;以及 粗糙化界面微小晶質層位於電解質結構以及至少 的空氣電極以及負的燃料電極之一中間。 •個正 ----ί ——裝 Ν — (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂---- 丨絲L 屯、紙張尺度適用肀國國家標率(CNS ) Μ規格(2】〇X297公釐) 5〇· —種製造固態燃料電池之方法,該方法包含: 提供電解質基質; 面=覆至少一層界面微小晶質層於電解質基質至少_個表 將至少一層微小晶質層燒結 ;以及 塗覆至少一層電極層於至少一層微小晶質層。 =·依據申請專利範圍第50項之方法,其中更進一步包含在 提供步驟前將電解質基質燒結。 3 52·依據申凊專利範圍第50項之方法,其中電解質基質為多 晶質陶兗。 ^依據巾請專利範圍第綱之方法,其中多晶質陶究由穩 ^氧化錯,部份敎氧傾,歡氧德,部份敎氧化給。 ^化給與氧化铪之混合物,具有氧化錯之氧化鈽,具有氧°化 鍅之鉍,釓,鍺,以及其混合物選取出。 兄依據申請專利範圍第53項之方法,其中多晶質陶竟由部 份穩定氧化鍅或穩定氧化鍅,部份穩定或穩定氧化錯摻雜 一種換雜劑,該摻雜劑由Y,Ce,Ca,Mg,Sc, Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb, Dy,Ho, Er,Tm,Yb,Lu,In,Ti,Sn, Nb,Ta,Mo,以及W之氧化物 選取出。 55_依據申請專利範圍第5〇項之方法,其中電解質基質厚声 為5微米至45微米。 & 56.依據申請專利範圍第5〇項之方法,其中電解質基質為自 由直立薄的電解質。 57_依據+請專利範目獅奴方法,其巾界面層與電解質 575977 A8 B8 C8 「.· ή— ----- -- _- D8K、申請專利範圍 ^ 3 基貝具有相同的組成份。 58·依據申請專利範圍第50項之方法,其中界面層為多晶質 陶瓷。 59·依據申請專利範圍第58項之方法,其中多晶質陶瓷由部 份穩定氧化鍅,氧化鍅,摻雜Υ2〇3之Ce〇2,摻雜Pr之Ce〇2,以 及其混合物選取出。 6〇·依據申請專利範圍第59項之方法,其中多晶質陶瓷由部 份穩定氧化鍅或穩定氧化鍅,部份穩定或穩定氧化鍅摻雜 一種摻雜劑,該摻雜劑由Y,Ce,Ca,Mg,Sc,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb, 巧,Ho, Er,Tm,Yb,Lu,In,Ti,Sn,Nb,Ta,Mo,以及W之氧化物 選取出。 61·依據申請專利範圍第50項之方法,其中界面層厚度高達 5微米。 62·依據申請專利範圍第50項之方法,其中界面層更進一步 包含導電相。 63·依據申請專利範圍第62項之方法,其中導電相為金屬, 金屬合金,或金屬陶瓷。 64. 依據申請專利範圍第63項之方法,其中導電相為金屬, 該金屬由鉑,鈀,金,銀,以及其混合物選取出。 65. 依據申請專利範圍第5〇項之方法,其中塗覆包含利用分 解為顆粒之前身產物化合物塗覆電解質基質。 66. 依據申請專利範圍第65項之方法,其中前身產物化合物 由醋酸锆,硝酸氧化锆,氣化鍅,硫酸锆,氫氧化錯,懸浮性 氧化錘,以及其混合物選取出。 卜紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS )八4規格(刀⑽297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) .裝- '1Τ 纨 575977 A8 B8 C8 D8 2 3 申請專利範圍 67·依據申請專利範圍第50項之方法,其中塗覆至少一層界 面層包含帶狀禱造。 68·依據申清專利範圍弟50項之方法,其中塗覆至少"一層界 面層包含網板印製。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝_ 、11 τ;;* 乂 ψ 紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐)
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FR2820055B1 (fr) * | 2001-01-26 | 2003-03-21 | Air Liquide | Structures-microstructures de membrane ceramique conducteurs par ions oxyde pour la production d'oxygene sous pression elevee |
FR2820054B1 (fr) * | 2001-01-26 | 2003-11-07 | Air Liquide | Structures-microstructures de membrane ceramique conducteurs par ions oxyde ; utilisation pour separer l'oxygene de l'air |
US6716551B2 (en) * | 2001-05-02 | 2004-04-06 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Abraded fluid diffusion layer for an electrochemical fuel cell |
US20040018409A1 (en) * | 2002-02-28 | 2004-01-29 | Shiqiang Hui | Solid oxide fuel cell components and method of manufacture thereof |
US6869712B2 (en) * | 2002-03-07 | 2005-03-22 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Ion exchange system structure with a microtextured surface, method of manufacture, and method of use thereof |
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- 2000-05-18 US US09/573,326 patent/US6428920B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2001-03-26 JP JP2001585341A patent/JP5255173B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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WO2001089018A1 (en) | 2001-11-22 |
EP1287577A4 (en) | 2007-05-02 |
EP1287577A1 (en) | 2003-03-05 |
US6428920B1 (en) | 2002-08-06 |
JP2004507862A (ja) | 2004-03-11 |
JP5255173B2 (ja) | 2013-08-07 |
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