TW453950B - Vehicle headliner comprised of a thermoformable thermoplastic foam sheet - Google Patents
Vehicle headliner comprised of a thermoformable thermoplastic foam sheet Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW453950B TW453950B TW088108658A TW88108658A TW453950B TW 453950 B TW453950 B TW 453950B TW 088108658 A TW088108658 A TW 088108658A TW 88108658 A TW88108658 A TW 88108658A TW 453950 B TW453950 B TW 453950B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- foam
- vehicle
- core layer
- patent application
- thermoplastic
- Prior art date
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- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 247
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
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- C08J2201/03—Extrusion of the foamable blend
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- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/06—CO2, N2 or noble gases
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- C08J2203/14—Saturated hydrocarbons, e.g. butane; Unspecified hydrocarbons
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- C08J2205/052—Closed cells, i.e. more than 50% of the pores are closed
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- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08J2323/12—Polypropene
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Description
A7 4 53 9 5 0 _______B7___ 五、發明說明(1 ) 由可熱成型之熱塑性泡沫片材所構成之車頂内襯 本發明係有關一種具有經押出熱塑性泡沫之熱成型核 層的交通工具頂襯。該核層及該交通工具頂襯係實質上可 以在安裝於一經升高溫度之交通工具内時維持其.形狀及輪 廓。 頂襯係為層壓物,其係施加於交通工具客厢頂部下 方。頂襯提供多種目的’包括緩衝、美感、隔熱以及隔音。 因為物性的要求及頂襯所曝露的環境條件,用於商業 生產交通工具之頂襯係相當複雜及高度工程設計的。該頂 襯必須具有足夠的硬度以防止因重力之塌陷,且足夠的撓 性以容許製造及/或熱成形以及安裝。該頂襯也可以為一 種整體之衝擊保護系統的構件,其可以在車廂中之乘客在 突發的接觸事件中提供某種程度的緩衝該頂襯也必須可 以耐因交通工具曝曬於太陽的熱而升高的溫度,該頂襯也 必須可以被成形成所要的形狀、構造以及輪廓β 目前商業上所使用的頂襯典型上為由多層之聚胺基甲 酸乙酯及玻璃/纖維玻璃席或黏有聚胺基甲峰乙酯黏著劑 之織物在加熱下被壓合一起而形成所要之形狀與輪廓所構 成的。毛氈或織物係典型地被施加至該頂襯的表面,該表 面係面向客廂的内部。代表的頂襯包括揭露於美國專利號 5, 460, 870、5,486,256、5, 582, 906以及 5, 670211。 目前商業上的頂襯有許多缺點。其因昂貴的成份物質 及複雜的製造方法及製程而成本高》熱固型黏著劑如聚胺 基甲酸乙酯黏著劑係昂貴的,且須要多階段、費時施工及 -4- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) ------I---I I * ------ - 訂- -- - ----線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作杜印製 B7 五、發明說明(2 ) 熟化的方法及製程。強化織物或坡璃織品、玻璃織維 '碳、 或其他纖維形式之物質以及聚胺基甲酸乙醋點著劑泡沐片 也必須與該熱固型點著劑以層排列形式被散置。該等強化 物質係昂貴的’且須要多階段與該熱固型黏著劑組合成製 造產品。另外,如果在不是不可能回收的情形下,該成份 物質及該經加工頂襯產品也係難以有效地回收。 經濟即智慧时產局員工消費合作社 其係有必要的,亦即-頂襯係由較不昂貴的成份物質 所構成及可以藉由一較不複雜及昂貴的製造方法所組合 的。其更進-步有必要,亦即一頂襯可提供與使用熱固型 黏著劑及強化織物或織品之頂襯所具有之功能及性質相 同ε其又更進一步有必要,亦即該頂襯及/或其成份物質 係可立即回收的。依據本發明,其係有一具有經改良的頂 襯之交通工具。該交通工具内具有一客廂及一位於該車廂 頂部之廂頂。該頂襯係緊鄰該廂頂的下方。該頂襯包含一 熱成形核層°該核層包含一種經押出熱塑性泡沫體及可選 擇地一個或以上之實質上為非泡沫熱塑性鄰層。該核層係 貫I上不含熱固性物質,且較佳下不含玻璃/纖維玻璃席 或織品。該核層係實質上耐塌陷,且實質上在該頂襯安裝 至車内時可以維持其熱成形時的形狀.,一裝飾層如毛氈層 或一織物層較佳下係被層壓至該核層。 又根據本發明‘其有一用以組合或製造一頂襯及將其 妥·裝至一車内之方法..該方法包含..a)提供—包含種經 押出熱塑性泡沫體及可選擇地之—個或以上實質上為非泡 沭熱塑性鄰層的熱可形成泡沫核層'其中該校層係實質上 4 53 9 5 0 Α7 Β7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印*1衣 五、發明說明(3 ) 不含熱固性物質,實質上耐塌陷,以及在該頂襯被安裝至 一車内時,實質上可以維持其形狀;b)藉由加熱及施加機 械壓力至該核層而熱成形該核層以形成該頂襯:c)安裝或 應用該頂襯至緊鄰該廂頂的下方。較佳下,一裝飾層係被 層壓至該核層之面向車廂内部的表面β該裝飾層可以在該 核層的熱成形之前或之後被層壓至該核層。 第1圖為一具有一頂襯之交通工具的部份剖面透視圖。 第2圖為第1囷中内部結構側視囷,其中該交通工具的 廂頂及頂襯係被繪示。 第3圖為一具有一頂襯之交通工具廂頂的部份透視 圖,其中該頂襯係呈内部結構被繪示。 第4圖為_具有一頂襯之交通工具廂頂的部份透視 圖,其中該頂襯係呈内部結構被繪示。 第5圖為具有泡沫部份及非泡沫部份之頂襯的部份。 第6至11圖繪示一頂襯組合部份的數個結構。 就單一頂襯而言,該頂襯係提供數個習知所沒有的優 點。該等優點主要係有關於存在於該頂襯中之該熱可形成 泡洙核層。該等優點包括下列··該頂襯係可立即熱可形成 泡沫成所要的形狀、構造、或輪廓;該頂襯係足夠硬的以 防止塌陷及甚至在曝露於升高的溫度下(此在熱的天氣或 直接的陽光之情形下係常發生於交通工具内)係實質上可 維持其形狀;該頂襯係較佳下可為由較不昂貴及可回收的 熱塑性塑膠所組成。該頂襯對於頭部的碰撞提供良好的緩 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 * 297公釐) 經濟部智,€財產局員工湞費合作:打印東 A7 j--------- B7 ___ 五、發明說明(4 )
衝性質’及具有良好的吸音及吸熱D 比較習知教示可用於頂襯之其他泡沫層,本發明中包 含熱塑性泡沫之該核層提供重要的優點.美國專利號 3, 670, 21 1揭露具有聚胺基曱酸乙酯泡沫之可撓性或半硬 的泡洙片之頂襯,該泡沫係以聚胺基甲酸乙酯黏著劑而被 加工及被形成一頂襯。該專利也揭露PPO、經膨脹聚笨乙 稀、及經膨脹聚丙烯之可以取代聚胺基甲酸乙酯泡沫的其 他泡沫片材。本發明之該核層係具有優於該專利教示之優 點’亦即其實質上不含熱固性黏著劑,且可較容易地被回 收。比較聚胺基甲醆乙酯泡珠,具有經押出熱塑性泡沐之 該核層也較易於可立即可熱成形泡沫的,且在某一密度下 比經膨脹的(珠狀)泡沫較強,以及比聚笨乙烯具有較高的 而ί熱扭曲。美國專利號3, 637, 458揭露可用於包括做為頂 襯之多種用途之非常薄經押出聚丙烯泡沫片材。該專利沒 有提供具有所描述之聚丙烯於其内之該頂襯之結構或功能 的教示。泡沫體在一頂襯内可以提供不同的功能如提供結 構及機械功能或做為裝飾織物層之緩衝墊。美國專利號 5, 5 36; 79 3揭露一種可用於多種用途包括頂襯之聚酯泡 洙.該專利的教示係不完全的、其理由係與該美國專利 3, 637, 458中者相同。 下列圖式描述本發明的實施例。在第I圖中,交通工 具Η)具有..廂頂丨2 .客廂U以及.頂襯i 6 ‘第i圖繪示 .3圓形虛線? -2之内部結構,其對應於第2圖中的橫載面 1則視圖第z圖繪影繪示附設或固定有....頂襯〗6之廂頂丨2.- 裝*-------訂--------I t線 {請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 4 53 95 Ο Α7 經 濟 部 智 慧 財 產 局 員 工 消 費 合 作 社 印 η 五、發明說明(5 ) 庙頂16包含一傳統之經押出熱塑性泡沫層20、一黏著劑層 22以及一織物層24。第3圖繪示一廂頂/頂襯組合之另一實 施例。在第3圏中一頂襯30係附設於或固定於一廂頂32。 頂襯30包含一經押出併股之熱塑性泡沫34以及一織物層 36。在頂襯30中,該等股通常係為垂直方向及通常為垂直 於廂頂32的平面。第4圖繪示一廂頂/頂襯組合之另一實施 例。在第4圈中,一頂襯4〇係附設於或固定於一廂頂42。 頂襯40包含一經押出併股之熱塑性泡沫44以及一織物層 46。在頂襯40中,該等股通常係為水平方向及通常為平行 於廂頂32的平面。 習知的黏著劑可以用於黏著該頂襯之多種不同層間或 黏著該頂襯至該廂頂。可用的黏著劑包括熱固型粘著劑如 聚胺基甲酸乙酯樹脂及環氧樹脂以及熱塑性黏著劑如聚乙 烯、聚丙烯、乙烯共聚物以及丙烯共聚物β可用的黏著劑 係教示在美國專利號5, 460, 870以及5, 670, 211。該等黏著 劑可以藉用習知的方式如噴灑、塗覆、或薄膜形式而被施 加。較佳的黏著劑為熱塑膠,因為其較低成本及具回收潛 力。黏著劑的存在在本發明中並非關鍵。該泡沫可以是閉 孔或開孔。開孔量係依據ASTM D2856_A而定。在熱成形過 程中閉孔泡沫提供較佳之隔熱及彈力性能以及開孔泡沫提 供較佳之隔音、形穩定性以及熱傳。 該熱塑性泡沫較佳為具有一在熱成形前之從16至2〇〇 及更佳為從16至80kg/m3之密度。該泡沫較佳下為具有一 根據ASTMD3576之從O.iis.o及更佳為從〇 2至3〇随的平
(請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) '衣-------
B ---------線— 设濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作杜印灰 A7 —___________B7____ _ 五、發明說明(6 ) 均孔尺寸。對於熱塑性泡沫而言。上述之泡沫密度及孔尺 寸範圍係為平常的性質。最佳的密度及孔尺寸範圍係依賴 該泡沫的組成及所要的物性而定。例如,一泡沫一般可以 藉由增加密度或孔尺寸而做的較硬。 特殊須要的泡洙係為具有在熱成形前之從16至 160kg/m3及較佳為24至lOOkg/m3之聚丙烯、聚酯以及聚醞 胺者。 該熱塑性泡洙較佳下為成單一結構被押出,但也可以 藉由習知之任何一種方式如熱焊或黏著劑層以層壓兩個或 以上相當薄的熱塑性泡沫片而被形成。 該泡朱在經常遭遇之廂頂因陽光加熱而升高的溫度下 必須耐熱扭曲及形穩定。該泡沫較佳下具有一約5%或更低 及更佳為約1 %或更低之根據SAE 883之膨脹與收縮的形穩 定性。 該等泡沫也可以做成任何橫戴面的尺寸或構造如泡沫 片或厚板=特別有用的泡沫為具有—丨.5_或更大及更佳 為3mm或更大之較小尺寸橫截面(厚度)。 —層或數層裝飾材料如毛氈或織物也可以被施加至該 m概朝客麻内部或内廂之的表面以供美觀該層可以是任 何習知的。商業上所使用最典型的為毛氈或織物可用的 織物包括經編織之聚酷.尼龍以及聚丙炼纖維較佳下( 該毛氈或織物係由相同或類似泡沫聚合物材料所組成該 毛數或織物也可以以習知的方式如熱焊1著薄膜或黏著 |液-或塗覆而被固著於該泡洙:...較佳的裝飾層為—經編織 枣铲民 >:.ί 度通吊__—一. -------------裝--------訂---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
453 95 C A7 五、發明說明( 之熱塑性織維織物不須黏著的助益而熱輝至之核層。熱焊 係指將該織物層加熱至一程度使得該等纖維變成黏稍或黏 且可以不須黏著劑之助益而可固著於該核層。一織物層如 果在熱成形過程中或當該核層係在一升高的溫度時可以被 熱焊至一核層。 一較佳的頂襯係全部由可回收材料所組成。可用的可 回收材料包括两烯聚合物類如聚丙烯'高密度聚乙烯、聚 醋類如聚對笨二甲酸乙二醇醋以及聚碳酸醋。一最佳頂概 係全部由相同之可回收材料所組成使得其可以—起被回 收。例如一頂襯可以包含任一種下列者··一聚丙烯聚合物 泡床與一經編織聚丙烯織物層之層壓物;一聚對苯二甲酸 乙二醇酯泡沫與一經編織聚對笨二甲酸乙二醇酯織物層之 層壓物,或一聚醯胺(尼龍)泡沫與一聚醢胺纖維層。如有 必要,不同的可回收可以如下列者—起被使用:a)一聚丙 烯聚合物泡沫與一經編織之聚酯或一聚醢胺之層壓物以及 b)—聚醋泡沫與一經編織之聚丙烯或一聚醯胺之層壓物。 該泡球係可隨即熱可成形成一所要的形狀、構造或輪 廊°典型上,該頂襯該泡沫及其餘的部份實質上為如廂頂 之相同的形狀、構造或輪廓,因為該頂襯係被定位在該廂 頂下方。該”熱可成形”用詞係表示該泡沫可以藉由任何習 知的方式在加熱及機械壓力下被熱成形或被形狀化成一不 同的形狀或輪廓。典型上,該泡沫係成實質上為平的片材 或厚板被提供且在加熱及壓力下被擠壓以形成一具有與廂 頂相同形狀及照著所要定位於其下方之廂頂的輪廓之經輪 -10- (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作杜印製 表紙張&度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A<!規格(210x 297公楚
n t— n ϋ n I -I l I I 1 11 n - n n ^fi n n If n I »1 I n I S濟部智慧財產局員1.:^費合作^^袈 A: 五、發明說明(8 廓化的片材。如有必要,一裝飾層如經編織之熱塑性纖維 織物層也可以在熱成形過程中被熱焊至該泡沫。 該泡沫的物性與耐熱性可以藉由形成或導引形成一實 貝上非泡/朱的皮至該泡沫上而被加強’如藉由層壓塑膠薄 膜或片枯至該泡浓、或藉由塗覆該泡珠一塑勝樹脂,加熱 該泡沐的-個表面或數個表面至高於其破璃轉化點溫度或 熔點以崩潰在該皮的組織結構 '或上述的任一組合。該薄 膜、片材或塗覆可以包含任何習知熱塑性樹脂或熱固型樹 脂。可用的熱塑性樹脂包括上述有關組成該泡沫者以及可 用的熱固型樹脂包括聚胺基甲酸乙酯與環氧化合物。 該頂襯可以藉由任何習知的方式如藉由黏著或藉由以 機械方式附設而被施加至廂頂的下方機械方式包括夹 握、側模鑄以及上部(圓頂)輕組裝。 可用的熱塑性泡沫包括(但不限制)下列者:@婦聚人 物、聚酯、聚醯胺、聚碳酸酯、高密度聚乙缔、氣聚乙稀、 聚笨氧化物、聚笨氧化物與聚笨乙烯之混合物、丙稀/乙 烯共聚物'熱塑性聚胺基甲酸乙酯'乙烯丙締雙稀單體與 聚乙烯混合物 '聚丙烯與乙烯丙烯雙烯單體之混入物 乂及 聚丙稀與乙稀笨乙稀共聚物之混合物,:乙嫌...^; 7 α ’’本乙烯共聚 物與含此之泡沫係教示於美國專利號5,4 6 〇,81 8 較佳之 泡沫包括丙稀聚合物泡床及聚酯泡床"更佳的a 的也床包括聚 丙烯泡沫95/5至99 5 ’〇 5重量比之丙烯.乙烯共聚物泡 沬以及聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯泡沫: 最彳圭的跑潭.以用方:δ玄核層為…經押出兩.,法取, >呷化合物泡 -------------*-------訂—-------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 4 53 9 5 Ο Α7 ---- --- Β7____ 五、發明說明(9 ) 殊。適當的丙烯聚合物材料包括丙烯均聚物(聚丙稀)及丙 烯與可聚合的烯鏈不飽和共單體之共聚物。該丙稀聚合物 可以另外包括非丙稀鏈聚合物。該丙稀聚合物材料可以單 純由一個或數個丙烯均聚物、一個或數個丙烯共聚物、或 上述任一者與一非丙烯鏈聚合物之混合物所構成。不論組 成為何,該丙烯聚合物材料包含多於50%較佳為7〇%或更多 的丙烯單體。 適當的單乙稀鍵不飽和共單想包括稀烴、乙稀基乙酸 酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、乙基丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙 烯酸、衣康酸、馬來酸、以及馬來酸酐"該丙烯共聚物較 佳為包含約45重量%或較低之乙烯鏈不飽和共單體。 可結合於該丙烯聚合物材料之適當的非丙烯鏈聚合物 包括高、中、低密度以及線性密度聚乙烯、聚卜丁稀、乙 烯/丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯/乙烯基乙酸酯共聚物、乙烯/丙 烯共聚物、苯乙烯/ 丁二烯共聚物、乙烯/苯乙烯共聚物、 乙烯/乙基丙烯酸酯共聚物與離聚物。 特別有用的丙烯共聚物為丙烯與一個或數個非丙烯鏈 烯烴之共聚物者。丙烯共聚物包括不規則、嵌段、以及接 枝之丙烯與一烯烴之共聚物。該烯烴係擇自由乙烯、C4-CI0 之卜烯烴與C4-Clc之雙烯烴所組成的群組。丙烯共聚物也 包括丙烯與擇自由乙烯與c4-c8i -烯烴之所組成的群組之 卜烯烴的不規則三元聚合物。在含乙烯與c4-c〇-烯烴之 該三元聚合物中,該乙稀含量較佳為45重量%或更低。該 C4_CiD之1-稀烴包括線性及支鍵的C4-C〗Q之1-稀煙,例如, -12- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準<CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) I--Illlmi — ' ^ i— — — — — — I I t I I II I (請先閱讀背Λ之注意事項再填寫本頁> A7 A7 五、 發明說明(10 ) 1-丁稀、異丁烯.卜戊稀、3、甲基+丁歸、】—己m if f基+己稀。Μ〗。雙稀烴 之例子包括1,3-丁二烯、1 4-丁 A 丁达 e L , 1,4 丁戍丁烯、異戊二烯、1.5- 己二烯以及2, 3-二甲基-1,3-已二烯。 同時,也在本文中使用,根據ASTMD1238條件l,該丙 烯聚合物材料具有—約在〇.〇5至5〇之間之熔流速率,及較 佳為在0, 1至20之間。 較佳的丙稀聚合物樹脂為支鍵或略$交聯聚合物材料 的丙烯樹脂。支鏈(或略為交聯)可以藉由習知的方法而獲 得,如化學的或光照射支鏈/略為交聯。一種該樹脂及製 備該丙烯樹脂的方法係描述於美國專利號4, 916, 198其 係在使用該丙烯樹脂以製備—加工聚丙烯樹脂產品之前以 一支鏈/略交聯丙烯樹脂而被製備。另一種製備支鏈/略交 聯的聚丙烯樹脂係引進化合物與—聚丙烯樹脂至押出機, 且容許其在押出機内發生支鏈/略交聯反應。美國專利號 4, 714, 716。 可用的押出丙烯聚合物泡沫係揭露於美國專利號 5, 348, 795 ’ 5, 527, 573,以及 5, 567, 742。 可用的押出聚酯泡沬包括聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(pET 泡沫1其係揭露於美國專利號L 〇〇〇, 991,5, 234, 64Q以及 5. 536.793 泡沫可w自其他可用的熱塑性塑膠製備如高密度聚乙 烯氟化聚乙烯..乙烯丙烯二聚物橡膠(乙烯,丙烯,二胺 共聚物)的熱塑性聚烯橡醪混合物以及聚乙烯-+ ------------- I I-----訂 * -----I I * (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ί$;#部智慧財產局員工消費合作"51欹 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 45395t A7 ___ _B7 _____ 五、發明說明(U ) 較佳下可用的熱塑性泡珠包括非經交聯但可略交聯 者。該’非交聯’用語係内含的但可在無交聯劑或光照射下 自然的略交聯的。根據ASTMD2765-84方法A,非交聯的泡 沫包括低於5%的膠體根據ASTMD2765-84方法A,略交聯 的泡沐包括低於5-15%的膠體。該吹劑可以包括任何一種 習知如有機及/或無機組成物之化學吹劑及物理的吹劑。 適當的無機吹製劑包括二氧化碳、氮、氬、水、空氣、氮 以及氦◊適當的有機吹製劑包括具有1_9碳原子的脂肪族 碳氫化物以及具有1 -4個碳原子的鹵化脂肪族碳氩化物。 脂肪族碳氫化物包括甲燒、乙院、丙娱-丁燒、異丁烧、 η -戊烧、異戊燒以及新戍炫。同時也包括醇類如乙醇、甲 醇、以及丙醇。鹵化碳氫化物中,以氟化碳氫化物較佳。 氟化碳氫化物的例子包栝甲基氟化物、過氟化甲烷、乙基 氟化物、1,卜二氟化乙烷、1,1,卜三氟化乙烷(HFC—HSa)、 1,1,1,2-四氟化乙烷—(HFC134-a)、五氟化乙烷、過氟乙烷、 2, 2-二氟丙烷、1,1,卜三氟丙烷、過氟丙烷、過氟丁烷、 過氟環丁烷。部份_化碳氩化物及氟氯化碳氪化物供用於 本發明中包括氣代甲烷、二氣甲烷、氣代乙烷、丨,丨,卜三 氣乙烧、1,1-二氣-1-氟化乙炫(HFC-141b)、1-氣化-1,1-二氟化乙烷(HCFC-142b)、1,1-二氣化—2, 2, 2-三氟化乙烷 (HFC-123)以及卜氣化-1,2, 2, 2-四氟化乙烷(HCFC-124) » 完全鹵化氟氯化碳氫化物包括三氣單氟化甲烷(CFC-11)、 二氣氟化曱烷(CFC-12)、三氣氟化甲烷(CFC_113)、二氣 四氟乙览(CFC-114)、氣化五氟丙烷以及二氣六氟丙烷。 -14· 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(2]0 X 297公笼) - -- ----- - - - -- ^ * — — — — — — — — — — — — J 1 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁> 經濟部智慧財產局員T.消費合作相印臬 A7 -—-----B7______ 五、發明說明() 疋全鹵化之氟氣化碳氩化物係較不理想,因為其潛在之臭 氧層破壞。化學的吹製劑包括偶氮二醯胺、偶氮二異丁睛、 笨磺酸肼、4, 4-笨酚磺醯基—半-二肼羰、p_甲苯黃醯基半 二肼錄、偶氮二羧酸基鋇' N,N,-二甲基_N,N’ —二亞硝基 對笨二醯胺以及三肼基三伸偶氮。 吹製劑結合在該聚合物溶體中以製作一泡床形成的聚 合物膝體的量係從0.2至4.0,較佳為〇.3至3.0,以及最佳 為從約0 5至2 · 5 0莫耳每公斤聚合物。 熱塑性泡沫係一般藉由以下押出方法而被製備,亦即 加熱一熱塑性聚合物以形成一塑化或熔融的聚合物質,結 合一物理的吹製劑以形成一可形成泡沫膠體,及押出該膠 體通過一模以形成該泡沫產品。該吹製劑可以藉由習知的 方式如一押出機、混合機、攪拌機或其相類似者兒被結合 或被混合至該塑化熔體。在與吹製劑混合之前,該塑勝材 料係被加熱至一高於玻璃轉化溫度或該塑膠材料的您點溫 度的溫度。該吹製劑係與該塑膠熔融體在一足以防止該炼 體大幅膨脹及足以使該吹製劑均勻的分散在該溶體之升高 之壓力下混合。可選擇地’一成核劑可以被混合在該聚合 物熔體内。該吹製劑、及成核劑的進料迷率係被調整以達 到一相當低密度的泡洙體及小尺寸的孔,其造成薄孔壁於 邊泡沬體中在結合咸吹製劑後’該可形成泡沫勝體係典 型地被冷卻至一較低的溫度以使該泡沬產品之物理姓質最 適化之後該膠體被押出通過—所要泛寸的模至一較低壓 區以形成該泡洙產品·如果一化學的吹製劑侮被使用其 吁汰K/14啤士阀闯家標准lC 境格/ a:, κ釐——-—«一一^ ---- I I t I I ---II ' I I II— — I ^ * ---- I I --- *5^ (請先閱讀背面之注t事項再填寫本頁) 4 53 9 A7 B7 五、發明說明(13 ) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 係被結合至該溶融聚合物物質且被押出或輸送至—升高的 溫度區’在該區中該吹製劑分解形成一氣趙,通常為二氧 化碳。該烙融聚合物物質/氣體混合物膨脹以形成一泡珠 其他適當用以製造該熱塑性泡沬的方法為併合泡床方 法’其係描述於美國專利號4,824,720 ; ; 5,527,573,5, 567, 742,以及W〇8 8/06094。這些專利係關
於用以製造開孔及閉孔聚烯烴泡沫之方法,該泡沐包括數 個使用一具有數個模孔之模之經合併被押出的束或外形。 該等模孔係被設置成使得介於相鄰的熔融押出物股之間的 接觸係在泡珠化過程中發生’且其接觸表面以足夠的黏著 而互相黏著以獲得一單一結構。該經併合的泡沫之個別束 應維持黏著成_單一結構以防止束在準備、成形、以及使 用該泡沬中所產生的應力下產生層分離D 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作杜印製 該經押出併合的東泡涞提供各向異性之物性的優點。 比較在垂直或水平方法上,該泡沫在押出方向上具有相當 大的壓縮強度及耐衝擊性。當該等束係如第3圖之頂襯被 垂直的設置時,對於一密度而言,其比較經由傳統縫狀模 押出之傳統單_結構熱塑性泡沫’係具有對於頭部撞擊較 大的耐衝擊性。 W088/06094係關於併合束泡;末押出方法,其中某此在 一數個模孔押出模的模孔可以被封閉或密封使得經併合束 泡沫具有相當大直撥或尺寸之連續縱向通道可以被生成。 併合束泡沫具有該相當大通道可以被用在如第4圓中之該 -16 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準<CNS)A4規袼(210 »<297公釐 A7 B: _ f- 邊濟部智慧財產局員r消費合竹.社<t!1篆 五、發明說明(14 ) 頂襯使得架設電線或設置用於冷卻或加熱空氣之排氣管路 可以自該客廂前端被形成通路至該客廂的後端或後面。 US專利號4, 323, 528係有關於經由一累積押出方法而 製造聚烯羥泡沫體°該方法包含:1)混合一熱塑膠物質及 一吹製劑以形成一聚合物膠體;2)押出該膠體至一固持 區’其係維持在一不會使該混合物形成泡沫之溫度;該固 持區具有一模,該模界定一通至一較低壓區之孔,在該區 中該移體形成泡沫,以及一可開啟的閘,該閘係關閉該模 孔;3)定期地開啟該閘;4)實質上同時地藉由一可移動之 撞擊機施加機械壓力至該膠體上以自該固持區經過該模孔 投出5玄膠體至該較低壓區’以及5)使該經投出的膠體膨脹 以形成泡沬。 泡珠體強度可以藉由結合相當薄的而實質上非形成泡 本的板或輪廓於該頂襯的泡珠部份。此可藉由直接使用具 有或不具有吹製劑之押出物或塑膠熔體而藉由任何適當的 方法如押出所要的板./輪廓與泡床的組合而被完成,其係 通過押出模内之不同的孔而被輸送及使其合併以形成具有 泡床與非泡珠樹脂部份之板/輪廓及泡沐的组合。另一種 方法係在條件下押出該泡珠使得其在押出中接觸該板或輪 廢藉此形成所要的組合在該泡沐體的押出橫截面,該 非形成泡^樹脂板或部份可以是規則的或不規則的圖 ^該板或輪㈣以是相互交叉或非交又在.該泡泳體中 非死’成泡洙輪廓或板的可能橫截面圖案包括蜂巢形.. 圓-長乃氷 ' 對角格子圖案第5圏繪示板/輪廓與泡 & 度遇甲一~~ ---— ---------------------訂--------I {請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 453950 hi Β7 五、發明說明(I5 ) 洙之組合,該组合具有一長方形格子圈案,該圖案具有形 成泡泳部份51與非形成泡珠部份5 2 ^ (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 其係也可能藉由一熱線體切割一泡洙體及再結合或合 併該經分割的泡沫片段使得其係被焊在—起來製造具有形 成泡珠與非形成泡沫部份之押出構造。較佳下,熱焊係在 該泡沫體已藉由該熱線體被分割後立即進行。在經分割的 泡沫片段被合併後,熱施加至該泡沫體使鄰近該熱線體的 該泡洙體的孔結構塌陷及產生一非泡沫體板或輪廓於該泡 沐想内。 其也可能藉由以交替的構造方式相互層壓泡沫的與非 泡沫的輪廓或層以形成單一的結構來製造具有泡沫的或非 泡沐的部份的結構。該等輪廓或層可以藉由熱焊或黏著劑 而被層壓一起。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作杜印製 除此之外,一成核劑可以被加到泡沫製程中以控制泡 沐孔的尺寸》較佳的成核劑包括無機物質如碳酸鈣、滑石、 黏土、一氧化鈦、妙土、硫酸销、硬酯酸舞、硬酯酸鋇、 石夕藻土、雙碳酸鈉與檸檬酸的混合物。所使用的成核劑量 範圍可以從〇·〇1至5份重量每100份重量聚合物樹脂。較佳 範圍為從0.1至約3份重量。 其也可以加個種不同的添加劑在該泡沫中及在該泡珠 製程中如顏料、抗氧化劑、酸除劑、紫外線吸收劑、難燃 劑 '加工助劑以及押出助劑。 該〉包沫體的物性及财熱性可以藉由添加有機或無機物 之粒子或纖維之填充劑而被加強。該等粒子或纖維可以在 _ -18- * y/ ώ < υ J ώ V ^ Π η \ 1 ) V * A7 A7 沒濟部智慧財產局員工消費合^社』. 五、發明說明(16 ) 製造過程中被加至該形成泡沫之組成中。可用的物質包括 碳黑粒子、黏土粒子、碳或石墨纖維、聚丙烯纖維、聚略 纖維、以及尼龍纖維、玻璃纖維、以及丙烯腈纖維。該泡 沫體的物性及耐熱性也可以藉由層壓非泡沫薄膜./片或含 有該等粒子或纖維之塗覆至該泡沫體而被加強。該纖維可 以是任何長度’長或短(原纖維)。其可以依織物或預潰體 的性質被不規則地分散或編織或放於一起。 習知的黏著劑可以被用來使該頂襯的數層相互黏在— 起或使該頂襯黏至該廂頂《可用的黏著劑包括熱固型黏著 劑如聚氨基曱酸乙酯樹脂及環氧樹脂及熱塑型黏著劑如乙 烯、聚丙烯、乙烯共聚物、以及丙烯共聚物。可用的黏著 劑係教示於美國專利號5, 460, 870及5, 670, 2 1:^該等黏著 劑可以藉由習知如藉由喷灑、塗覆或薄膜形式而被施加。 較佳之黏著劑係為熱塑膠,因為其較低的成本及潛在可回 收。黏著劑的存在對於本發明而言非為關鍵。 一或數層裝飾物質如毛氈或織物可以被施加至該頂襯 面向客庙内部或廂内的表面做為美觀用。該層可以是習知 中的任-類型。典型上商業被使用的為毛氈或編織物。可 用的織物包括聚酷織物.尼龍以及聚丙烯纖維較佳下‘ 該毛&或織物層係包含㈣或類似於該泡沫材料之聚合 物該毛氈或織物層可以藉由翌 A秸田&知的方法如熱焊黏著薄 膜或Ιέ著;夜或塗覆而被黏至該治汰# ?、冰體軔诖之裝锊層為熱 塑性纖維之織物在不用黏著劑下經熱焊至核心層埶焊係 指将該織物層加熱至—程度使其變黏而可以在不須黏著劑
4 53 95 ο λ_ A/ 一一-_ B7 五、發明說明(17) 下即可黏至該核心層。織物層也可以被熱焊至—核心層如 果其是在熱泡泳成形過程中或在該核心層處於升高的溫度 時施加至該核心層。 一較佳的頂襯係全部由可回收材料所組成。可用的可 回收材料包括丙烯聚合物類如聚丙烯、高密度聚乙烯、聚 酯類如聚對笨二甲酸乙二醇酯以及聚碳酸酯。一最佳頂襯 係全部由相同之可回收材料所組成使得其可以一起被回 收。例如一頂襯可以包含任一種下列者:一聚丙烯聚合物 泡沐與一經編織聚丙烯織物層之層壓物;一聚對笨二甲酸 乙二醇酯泡沫與_經編織聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯織物層之 層壓物;或一聚醯胺(尼龍)泡沫與一聚醢胺纖維層,如有 必要’不同的可回收可以如下列者一起被使用:a)一聚丙 烯聚合物泡沫與一經編織之聚酯或一聚醯胺之層壓物以及 b) 一聚酯泡沫與一經編織之聚丙烯或一聚醯胺之層壓物w 該泡沫係可隨即熱可成形成一所要的形狀、構造或輪 廓。典型上’該頂襯該泡涞及其餘的部份實質上為如廂頂 之相同的形狀 '構造或輪廓,因為該頂襯係被定位在該廂 頂下方。該”熱可成形”用詞係表示該泡沫可以藉由任何習 知的方式在加熱及機械壓力下被熱成形或被形狀化成一不 同的形狀或輪廓。典型上,該泡洙係成實質上為平的片材 或厚板被提供且在加熱及壓力下被擠壓以形成一具有與廂 頂相同形狀及照著所要定位於其下方之廂頂的輪廓之經輪 廓化的片材。如有必要,一裝飾層如經編織之熱塑性纖維 織物層也可以在熱成形過程中被熱焊至該泡沫。 ___-20- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(2】0 X 297公釐) (靖先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) :^--------訂---------線- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消貲合作社印製 經濟部智慧財產局員τ-消費合作7is<s- A7 〜-----2Z--- 五、發明說明(IS ) 該泡沫的物性與耐熱性可以藉由形成或導引形成一實 質上非泡沫的皮至該泡沫上而被加強,如藉由層壓塑膠薄 骐或片材至該泡沫、或藉由塗覆該泡沫一塑膠樹脂,加熱 該泡沫的一個表面或數個表面至高於其玻璃轉化點溫度或 熔點以崩潰在該皮的組織結構 '或上述的任一組合^該薄 膜、片射或塗覆可以包含任何習知熱塑性樹脂或熱固型樹 月旨。可用的熱塑性樹脂包括上述有關組成該泡床者以及可 用的熱固型樹脂包括聚胺基甲酸乙酯與環氧化合物。 該頂襯可以藉由任何習知的方式如藉由黏著或藉由以 機械方式附設而被施加至廂頂的下方。機械方式包括炎 握、側模鑄以及上部(圓頂)輕組裝= 該”交通工具(vehicle)”用語係内含習知者的如汽 車、拖車、休閒車、赛車、飛機、火車以及船。 第6至10圖繪示數種不同的頂概構造的部份。第6圖繪 示兩個由具有垂直方向、一泡沫支撐的織物片材63以及黏 著層64與65之泡沫束所構成的泡沫片材61與62。在一較佳 的實施例中,該頂襯僅在該頂襯的某些位置上包含第二泡 洙片材62,在該等位置處,額外能量吸收的性能是有必要 的 如沿著最靠近乘客門之該頂襯側邊 '而在其他處係由 單—泡沫片材所構成以使該頂襯在其他處的厚度最小化。 黏著劑層64與65可以被用來黏著該織物與泡沫層66與67以 及加強該頂襯的整體的硬度.如有必要 '該薄膜層可以被 省略及該織物與泡沫層可以藉由適當的方式互相被黏在一 起 办藉宙熱焊將绦等泡沬層焊在一起及使用…液體織物 乂气張/¾ 成用十 1¾ 細一―------------------------------------------- 、ί;Ά.;》餐; -----I I------· I — — 丨 I I I 訂"丨—— — lll* (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) A7 B7 45395 五、發明說明(19 ) 黏著劑至鄰近之該泡沫。 第7至9圖繪示數種在該頂襯内之兩層泡沫可以被定向 之方式。在該等構造中之頂部泡沫層71、81、9〗係由束泡 沫所構成,其係被定位使得該等束係垂直於該車.的麻頂, 使得最大的能量吸收被達成。底部層係為一具有垂直於廂 頂束的束泡沫層72、一非束的泡沫82、以及被如此定位使 得該等束係垂直於該交通工具92之廂頂之束泡沐。在該等 實施例中’該等泡洙層可以藉由適當的方式如藉由使用黏 著劑、、黏著剤薄膜或藉由熱焊其於一起而被相互貼住。 第10圊繪示一單一束泡沫之該頂襯泡沫的部份,其係 已被切或模鑄成所要的形狀,具有較薄的部份及較厚的部 份,該較厚的部份係沿最靠近乘客側門之該頂襯的側邊而 被設置。第11圖係繪示一具有三層束泡沫96、97以及98之 頂襯,且第三層提供額外的能量吸收性能。 實例 可以被熱成形及做成適合於安裝於車上之頂襯之泡沫 係在以下實例中被製備。 實例1 一經押出聚丙烯泡沫片材係被製備。用以製造該泡沫 體之裝置包括一押出機、混合機、冷卻器以及一環形押出 模呈順序排列。聚合物係以粒狀被進料至該押出機,在該 處其與添加劑被混合以形成一聚合物熔體。該聚合物熔體 係被輸送至該混合機、在該處吹製劑係在壓力下被結合於 其内以形成一可形成泡沫的膠體。該可形成泡沫膠體被輸 • 22- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(21〇χ 297公f ) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製
^ — — — — — — II -- ---1 — — — — Ί ---- I I I 1 I I I I I i I ----- - I I [ I I A7 ____B:___ 五、發明說明(20 ) 送至該模’在該處其離開該環狀孔而膨脹開且繞著—轴以 形成一管狀泡沫片產品。該管狀泡沫片係被分割以形成— 平的片材。 所使用的聚丙烯聚合物樹脂係為98/2聚丙烯(均聚物', 樹脂[Montell公司HMS樹脂PF-814]。該吹製劑為“灿的異 丁烷〔美1〇〇份聚合物中的份數)。所使用的添加劑為〇 2pph 的滑石(成核劑)、0, 1 pph的I rganox 1 〇 1 〇(抗氧化劑)以及 O'lpph的Ultranox 626(抗氧化劑)。 該泡沫體具有一 5mm的厚度及160 0mm的寬度β% 的開孔量,一2. 7磅每立方英呎(pCf)( 43. 2公斤每立方米 kgm)的密度以及一 1. 7mm的平均孔尺寸。該泡沫具有一揭 露於美國專利號5, 527, 573之可形成泡洙因子值為5 3。該 泡沫係相當硬,在支持其本身重量時不會塌陷,及是可熱 形成泡沫的。該泡沫係被切割及被模鑄成所要的厢頂襯之 輪廓及一裝飾織物層係被黏於其上。該頂襯係被安裝至 一車内鄰近廂頂下方處,且藉由適當的黏著劑而被黏於其 實例2 另一經押出聚丙烯泡沫片材係以相同量的吹製劑及載 量以及實質上相同實例1的製程條件而由實例1中之設備所 製造 '除了以一較大的模縫隙孔及一較低的抽離速度。 該泡沫體具有一 9mm的厚度及l6〇〇mm的寬度,2¾的 開-量…2,丨丨磅每立方英呎㈧38公斤每立方米kgm « 的密度以及一丨.了mtn的斗均孔尺寸 該泡洙具有.揭露於 -------------裝--------訂---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 4 5395 ;: 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -24 A7 __B7___________ 五、發明說明(21 ) 美國專利號5, 527, 573之可形成泡沫因子值為4· 7。該泡珠 係相當硬,在支持其本身重量時不會塌陷。該泡洙係被切 割及被模鑄成所要的廂頂襯之輪廓,及一裝飾織物層係被 黏於其上。該頂襯係被安裝至一車内鄰近廂頂下方處’且 藉由適當的黏著劑而被黏於其上。 實例3 另一經押出丙烯共聚物泡沫片材係以相同量的吹製劑 及載量以及實質上相同實例1的製程條件而由實例1中之設 備所製造。 該泡床體具有一7mm的厚度及1600mm的寬度,一 19%的 開孔量’一2. 9磅每立方英呎(pcf)(43. 2公斤每立方米kgra) 的密度以_及一 1. 75mm的平均孔尺寸。該泡沫具有一揭露於 美國專利號5, 527, 573之可形成泡沫因子值為5. 8 »該泡沫 係相當硬’在支持其本身重量時不會塌陷,及是可熱形成 泡沫的。該泡沫係被切割及被模鑄成所要的廂頂襯之輪 廓’及一裝飾織物層係被黏於其上。該頂襯係被安裝至一 車内鄰近廂頂下方處,且藉由適當的黏著劑而被黏於其 上。 實例4 一經押出聚丙稀泡泳片材係以相同量的吹製劑及添加 劑加上硬酯酸鈣粉供用於額外的孔成核劑而由實例1中之 設備所製造。該聚丙烯聚合物係以9901b/h(449kg/h)速脾 與〇· 42pph的滑石、〇· 3pph的Ultranox 815p穩定劑(來自ge 特用化學品公司)、以及〇 3pph硬酯酸鈣被進料至該押出 表紙張尺度適財關家標準(CNS)A4規格(21Qx297公 II _ ill—--— HI. ^ - - I - - - - - - 1— ---- I, (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員X消費合作社eilh A7 ___B:_ 五、發明說明(22 ) 機。之後經塑化膠體係與3. 9pph的異丁醇在壓力下混合, 被冷卻至161 °C及被輸送至一環狀模,在該處其被容許在 —較低壓力區膨脹’而在一直徑1 6英吋的軸上伸張以形成 一管狀的泡沫片產品。之後該管狀片材係被分割以形成一 平的片材。 該泡洙體具有一7ππη厚度及1 29Omm的寬度,一 20. 4%開 孔量’一3.3口〇£(52.91^1]1)密度以及一3.6随的平均孔尺 寸。該泡沫體係相當硬,在支持其本身重量時不會塌陷, 及是熱可形成泡沫的。該泡沫體具有一 175psi(l. 21Mpa) 在失效時之撓性強度(由SAEJ949中所描述的方法所測 得),及一 1 3 6可形成泡沫性因子°該泡沫係被切割及被 模鑄成所要的廂頂概之輪廓,及一裝飾織物層係被黏於其 上1該頂襯係被安裝至一車内鄰近廂頂下方處,且藉由適 當的黏著劑而被黏於其上。 實例5 另一經押出聚丙烯泡沫片材係在例1中所揭露之裝置 上以相同的吹製劑量及添加劑加上硬酯酸鈣粉作為額外之 孔成核劑。該聚丙烯聚合物係以1 380 1 b/h( 626kg/h)的速 率與0.30pph的滑石:0.2】t)ph的Ultranox 815P穩定劑(來 自GE特用化學品公司)’ 0. 3pph的硬酯酸鈣而被進料至該 押出機’之後經塑化膠體混合物係與3. 9pph的異丁醇在壓 m合 被冷卻至〗61. 5乞及被輪送至一環形模.在該 處其被容許膨脹至一較低壓區,在一直徑20英吋之冷卻軸 伸張以形成-管狀泡沫片產品 之後該管狀)彳係被分割 ^ ^ *'^ "-"™* «in. I I »ι IMM mmmtmrn. π-.-r.rrMrTini -n- !丨·· ! •««wwiiw-T—丨札—财 熱 1¾¾尺;用r遇®寒標々α νμλ;規格uh,,j --»lii! — I I I I I I ' — —— — — ft 一aJ11111111 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 4 5395 A7 B7 五、發明說明(23 ) 以形成一平的片材。 該泡沫體具有一 10,9mm的厚度及一 1 600,,的寬度,一 2.2%的開孔量,一3,4口〇£(54.411运111)的密度,及一5.2111111的 孔尺寸。該泡沫體係相當硬,在支持其本身的重量時不會 塌陷,及是熱可形成泡沫的。該泡沫體具有一 141psi(lMpa) 之在失效時之撓性強度(由SAEJ949中所描述的方法所測 得),一 20. 3之可形成泡沫性因子。該泡沫係被切割及被 模鑄成所要的廂頂襯之輪廓,及一裝飾織物層係被黏於其 上。該頂襯係被安裝至一車内鄰近廂頂下方處,且藉由適 當的黏著劑而被黏於其上。 實例6 一種經押出泡沫片材係自一 75¾聚丙烯(PF-814,來自 Montell公司)與25%AFFINITYTMPL-1880聚丙烯(來自杜邦公 司)之混合物所製得的。該PL-1880係具有一 l.〇dg/min熔 融指數與一 0. 90 20g/cc密度及一 9.0之110/12的聚丙稀樹 脂。該泡沫體係在例1中揭露之裝置上製得的。該聚合物 混合物係以1 000 1b/h(454kg/h)的速率與〇, 4pph的滑石, 0. 3pph的Ultranox 815P穩定劑(來自GE特用化學品公司) 被進料至該押出機。之後經塑化膠體係與6. Opph的異丁醇 在壓力下被混合,被冷卻至157°C及被輸送至一環形模, 在該處其被容許膨脹至一較低壓力,在一直徑為20英对的 冷卻轴上伸張以形成一管狀泡床產品。之後該管狀片係 被分割以形成一平的片材。 該泡珠·艘具有一 7mm的厚度及一 1600mm的寬度,一 26- 本紙張尺度適用中國@家標準(CNS)A4規格(210x297公釐) ------))I I I - — — — —— — — 訂·111!11- ·^ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -¾濟部智慧財產局員工消費合·"-"印七: a; _________B7 _______ 五、發明說明(24 ) 14,4%的開孔量,一3.60〇!(57.71^111)的密度以及一3.4111111 的平均孔尺寸。該泡沫體係相當硬’在支持其本身重量時 不會塌陷,及是熱可形成泡沫的。該泡洙體具有— 了 2psi(〇. 5Mpa)在失效時的撓性強度(由SAEJ949中所描述 的方法所測得),及一 14. 0的可形成泡洙性因子。該泡沫 係被切割及被模鑄成所要的廂頂襯之輪廓,及一裝飾織物 層係被黏於其上。該頂襯係被安裝至一車内鄰近廂頂下方 處’且藉由適當的黏著劑而被黏於其上。 實例7 一種經押出泡沫片材係自一 75%聚丙烯(PF-814,來自 Montell公司)與25%AFFINITY™PL-1 880聚丙烯(來自枉邦公 司)之合物所製得的。該PL-1880係具有一 l.Odg/niin炫 融指數與一〇,902(^/(;12密度及一9.0之110/12的聚丙婦樹 脂。該泡沫體係在例1中揭露之裝置上製得的。該聚合物 混合物係以l〇〇〇lb/h(454kg/h)的速率與〇. 4pph的滑石, ◦ ‘ 3pph的Ultranox 815P穩定劑(來自GE特用化學品公司) 被進料至該押出機,之後經塑化膠體係與6, 〇pph的異丁醇 在壓力下被混合,被冷卻至157t及被輪送至一環形模’ 在該處其被容許膨m至—較低壓力,在―直徑為2〇英叶的 冷卻軸上伸張以形成—管狀泡沫片產品::之後該管狀片係 被分割以形成一平的片材, 該泡沫體具有―9 8_的厚度反—1 60〇_的寬度— 3.咖開孔量,-2.7心43;細旧密度以及—45_的 .J V ’包珠體係相當硬‘.在,.支持其本身重量時不 -------------裝--------訂---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注惠事項再填寫本莨> 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 4 53 95 Ο Α7 ___Β7____ 五、發明說明(25 ) 會塌陷,及是熱可形成泡沫的。該泡沫體具有一 70psi (0· 5Mpa)在失效時的撓性強度(由SAEJ949中所描述 的方法所測得),及一 13. 0的可形成泡沫性因子。該泡珠 係被切割及被模鑄成所要的廂頂襯之輪廓,及一·裝飾織物 層係被黏於其上·'該頂襯係被安裝至一車内鄰近廂頂下方 處,且藉由適當的黏著劑而被黏於其上。 實例8 一種經押出泡沫片材係自一 75%聚丙烯(PF-814,來自
Montell公司)與25%AFFINITY™PL-1880聚丙烯(來自杜邦公 司)之混合物所製得的。該PL-1880係具有一 1. Odg/min熔 融指數與一 0.902(^/“密度及一9.0之110/12的聚丙烯樹 脂。該泡沫體係在例1中揭露之裝置上製得的。該聚合物 混合物係以1 200 1b/h(545kg/h)的速率與0. 4pph的滑石, 0· 3pph的U1 tranox 815P穩定劑(來自GE特用化學品公司) 被進料至該押出機。之後經塑化膠體係與6. Opph的異丁醇 在壓力下被混合,被冷卻至156 eC及被輸送至一環形模, 在該處其被容許膨脹至一較低壓力,在一直徑為20英吋的 冷卻轴上伸張以形成一管狀泡沫片產品。之後該管狀片係 被分割以形成一平的片材。 該泡沫體具有一 14. 6mm的厚度及一 1 600mm的寬度,一 3. 3%的開孔量,一2.6pcf(41.7kgm)的密度以及一3.2mni的 平均孔尺寸。該泡沫體係相當硬,在支持其本身重量時不 會塌陷,及是熱可形成泡沫的。該泡沫體具有一 58psi(0. 4Mpa)在失效時的撓性強度(由SAEJ949中所描述 • 28 · 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格<210x 297公釐) ^---------------^ J ί請先閱續背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合泎^
AT ____B7___ 五、發明說明(26 ) 的方法所測得),及一 9 · 5的可形成泡沫性因子。該泡沐係 被切割及被模鑄成所要的厢頂襯之輪廓,及一裝飾織物層 係被黏於其上。該頂概係被安裝至一皁内鄰近崩頂下方 處·且藉由適當的黏著劑而被黏於其上。 實例9 例8的泡来片係與一1 6mi 1 (0 〇4mm)厚的多層薄膜被 層壓。該薄膜係由兩層所組成:a)乙烯丙烯酸共聚物/直 鏈低密度聚乙烯混合物(60/40) ; b)共聚物聚丙烯/馬來酸 酐改質的PP(70/30 )。該黏著劑層a)含有薄膜的厚度。 該薄膜係被層壓至該泡沫體的一側。在層壓後,該薄膜/ 泡沫體結構係被切成3英吋X12英吋之片段及測試其覺曲強 度,如在SAE測试J 949中。所得到的結構須要25牛頓以彎 曲1英吋(25. 4mm)。該泡沬體具有一 9. 5之可形成泡沫性因 子。該泡沫體係被切割及被模鑄成所要的廂頂襯輪廓,及 一層裝飾層係被黏在該處。該廂頂襯係被裝在一交通工具 内鄰近該廂頂的下方,及藉由一適當黏著劑之方式被黏在 該處。 實例1 0 例5之該泡珠片係與一如例g中所描述之 丨,6RUl(〇>〇4mm)的薄膜被層壓。該薄膜係被層壓至該泡昧 體的—側:在層壓後,該薄膜,.泡沫體結構係被切成3英吋 \12央吋的片段及破測試其彎曲強度如在SAE測試_)949 中該泡洙體具有—20 3之可形成泡沫性因子所得到的 結構須要大於43牛頓以彎曲;英吋;25 4關丨例丨〉φ的泡沫 扣. ._丨| ιΐ·-1-·-···^' .丨·Ι_ΙΙ III. 1' - ^ 51¾ ^ ^ 4'-i-r'-' v N;-?; .\ } j Τ' ^ — — — — — — li — — — — — — ----- 丨 — —訂--- ------- (請先閣讀背面之注意事項再填寫本1> 4539〇 〇 Α7 __B7____ 五、發明說明(27 ) 體須要20牛頓以彎曲1英吋(25. 4mm)。該泡沫體係被切割 及被模鑄成所要的廂頂襯輪廓,及一層裝飾層係被黏在該 處。該廂頂襯係被裝在一交通工具内鄰近該廂頂的下方, 及藉由一適當黏著劑之方式被黏在該處。 實例11 例7之該泡沫片係與一如例9中所描述之 1. 6mi 1(0. 04mm)的薄膜被層壓。該薄膜係被層壓至該泡珠 體的一側。在層壓後,該薄膜/泡沫趙結構係被切成3英忖 XI2英吋的片段及被測試其彎曲強度。如在SAE測試J949 中。該泡沫體具有一 13. 0之可形成泡沫性因子。所得到的 結構須要大於14:牛賴以彎曲1英叶(25. 4mm )。該泡床體係 被切割及被模鑄成所要的廂頂襯輪廓,及一層裝飾層係被 黏在該處。該廂頂襯係被裝在一交通工具内鄰近該廂頂的 下方,及藉由一適當黏著劑之方式被黏在該處。 -------------^--------訂---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度通用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) A7 A7 瘦濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作讨印製 _B7 五、發明說明(28 ) 元件標號 10 交通工具 52 非形成泡沫部 12 廂頂 61,62 泡珠片材 14 客廂 63 織物片材 16 頂襯 64, 65 黏著劑層 20 經押出熱塑性泡沫層 66 織物層 22 黏著劑層 67 泡味層 24 織物層 71 頂部泡沫層 30 頂襯 72 束泡沫層 32 廂頂 81 頂部泡珠層 34 經押出併股之熱塑性泡沫 82 非頂部泡沐層 36 織物層 91 頂部泡沫層 40 頂襯 92 交通工具 42 廂頂 96 束泡沫 44 經押出併股之熱塑性泡沫 97 束泡沫 46 織物層 98 束泡沫 51 形成泡沫部份 -------------裝--------訂---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁> > rjk :ΐ u NS;\i ηΛ -:ίΠ· ^ >
Claims (1)
- 4 53 9 > Λ8 RB CS DS 濟 部 智 慧 財 產 局 消 費 合 作 社 印 製 、申請專利範圍 1, 一種交通工具,該交通工具具有一客廂以及一位在該 客廂頂部的廂頂,該交通工具具有一位在相鄰該廂頂下 方的頂襯’該頂襯包含一經熱成形之核層,該核層包含 一經押出之熱塑性泡沫以及可選擇地一或數層·實質上為 非泡沫熱塑性塑膠之相鄰層,該核層係實質上不含熱固 型材料’該核層係實質上耐塌陷以及實質上可以維持其 形狀。 2. 如申請專利範園第1項之交通工具,其中該核層的主要 數個表面中之一者係已層壓至一裝飾層* 3‘如申請專利範圍第2項之交通工具,其中該裝飾層係擇 自由一毛氈層與一織物層所組成的群組》 4.如申磧專利範圍第1項之交通工具,其中該核層係實質 上不含熱固型或熱塑性材料之殲維蓆。 5·如申請專利範圍第1項之交通工具,其中該核層實質上 係由一經押出之熱塑性泡沫所組成,該頂襯另具有一裝 飾層被層壓至該核層的主要表面β 6. 如申請專利範圍第1項之交通工具,其中該核層實質上 係由一或數層實質上為非泡沬熱塑性塑膠所組成。 7. 如申請專利範圍第1項之交通工具,其中該泡沫具有一 在製造或熱成形前為16至160kg/m3的密度。 8. 如申請專利範圍第1項之交通工具,其中該泡床具有一 在製造或熱成形前為16至80kg/m3的密度。 9. 如申請專利範圍第1項之交通工具,其中根據丙稀聚合 物的總重,該熱塑性塑膠包含高於50重量%的丙稀單I I — I I I I I I tf I - « - I I I I 1 I I · I — — — — HI* (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) Ai t -J . s AHCD ^濟^智慧財產局員工巧費入::'^-^ 六、申請專利範圍 體。 10_如申請專利範圍第1項之交通工具,其中根據丙烯聚合 物的總重,該熱塑性塑膠包含高於50重量%的丙烯單 11.如申請專利範圍第1項之交通工具,其中該泡沫為一聚 酯泡ί未。 1 2.如申請專利範圍第1項之交通工具,其中該泡沫為一聚 碳酸酷泡泳。 1 3.如申請專利範圍第1項之交通工具,其中該泡沫為一聚 醯胺泡沫。 14.如申請專利範圍第1項之交通工具,其中該泡珠具有一 1.5mm或更大之橫截面厚度。 1 5 .如申請專利範圍第1項之交通工具,其中該泡洙具有一 3mm或更大之橫截面厚度。 1 6.如申請專利範圍第1項之交通工具,其中該泡沫係由兩 個或數個經層壓之片材所組成。 如申請專利範圍第9項之交通工具,其中該泡沫係為一 經押出之具有併合束構造之泡洙。 丨8 .如申請專利範圍第]項之交通工具 '其中該泡沫具有一 呈顆粒及/1或纖維之填充物。 9.如申請專利範圍第1項之交通工具.其中該泡沫具有一 1乃mm或更大之橫戴面厚度-根據丙稀聚合物的總重1 該熱塑性塑膠包含高於50重量%的丙烯單體:該泡沫具 有-在製造或熱成形前為;b至i 60kg/m '的密度 ft t— I --- nf .1 - - - t— I - - I - ----- - 一OJt n - - f— .^1 ! I— l·. (請先閱讀背靣之注意事項再填寫本I ) 45395 aS B8 CS ___DS 六、申請專利範圍 20. 如申請專利範圍第1項之交通工具,其中該泡沫具有一 3mm或更大之橫截面厚度’根據丙烯聚合物的總重,該 熱塑性塑膠包含高於7〇重量%的丙牌單想,該泡泳具有 —在製造或熱成形前為16至80kg/m3的密度。 21. 如申請專利範圍第1項之交通工具,其令該泡沫内具有 一個或數個非泡沫板或輪廓。 —種用於组合一頂襯及將其安裝至一交通工具内之方 法,該交通工具具有一客廂以及一位在該客廂頂部之廂 頂,該方法包含:a)提供一熱可成形核層,該核層包含 一經押出之熱塑性泡沫以及可選擇地一或數層實質上為 非泡洙熱塑性塑膠之相鄰層,其中該核層係實質上不含 熱固型材料,係實質上耐塌陷及實質上可以維持其形 狀;b)藉由施加熱及機械壓力於其上而熱成形該核層以 形成該頂襯;c)將該頂襯定位於相鄰該廂頂之下方。 23.如申請專利範圍第22項之方法,其中一裝飾層係相鄰 且平行於該核層而被設置且被層壓於其上,該裝飾層係 在熱成形該核層之前或之後被層壓至該核層。 24_如申請專利範圍第22項之方法,其中該泡沫具有一 1.5mm或更大之橫截面厚度,根據丙烯聚合物的總重, 該熱塑性塑膠包含高於50重量%的丙烯單體,該泡珠具 有一在製造或熱成形前為16至160kg/m3的密度。 25.如申請專利範圍第22項之方法,其中該泡沫具有一3mm 或更大之橫截面厚度’根據丙稀聚合物的總重,該熱塑 性塑膠包含高於70重量%的丙烯單體,該泡沫具有一在 -34- 本纸張尺度適用中四固家標準(CNS)/\.丨規格(210 χ 297公;?I ) (請先閱請背面之;±意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 « ^ - ϋ n I n n ϋ^-OJI ϋ n ϋ I 1 I I ϋ n I n n I I ^ n I n ^ n 1 s V. .'. ABCMW r pi _Λ f» i tt 產 六、申請專利範圍 製造或熱成形前為16至80kg/m。的密度。 26. 如申請專利範圍第22項之方法,其中該泡沫内具有一 個或數個非泡沫板或輪廓 27. 如申請專利範圍第22項之方法' 其中該泡沫為一聚碳 酸醋泡ί朱。 28. 如申請專利範圍第22項之方法,其中該泡沫為一聚碳 酸酷泡束" 29. 如申請專利範圍.第22項之方法,其中該泡沫為一聚醯 胺泡珠。 >> 30. 如申請專利範圍第:t項之方法,其中該泡沫内具有一個 或數個非泡珠板或輪廓。 31. —種交通工具頂襯,其具有至少一個經熱成形之核層, 該核層具有一從1.5至2 5 m m範圍之厚度' 該核層係由一 經押出之熱塑性泡沫所組成,該泡沫具有一低於1 0%的 膠含量以及在熱成形前之一低於50%的開孔量,一從16 至ZOOkg/m3範圍之密度,一至少12英吋之寬度以及一從 1.0至5.5 m m範氣之平均孔尺寸。 32. 如申請專利範圍第ia之頂襯,其中該熱塑性泡沫具有 一大於2.0的可形成泡沫性指數。 -------------ΐ衣'-------訂·-------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 費
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- 1999-04-29 CN CN99806608A patent/CN1303337A/zh active Pending
- 1999-04-29 AU AU39676/99A patent/AU3967699A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-04-29 JP JP2000550708A patent/JP2002516210A/ja active Pending
- 1999-04-29 WO PCT/US1999/009304 patent/WO1999061283A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-04-29 EP EP99922751A patent/EP1082236A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-04-29 IL IL13957999A patent/IL139579A0/xx unknown
- 1999-04-29 BR BR9910334-6A patent/BR9910334A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-04-29 KR KR1020007013243A patent/KR20010043812A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-04-30 KR KR1020007013262A patent/KR20010043823A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-04-30 DE DE69916052T patent/DE69916052T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-30 ES ES99921556T patent/ES2219016T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-30 EP EP99921556A patent/EP1082381B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-30 BR BR9911025-3A patent/BR9911025A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-04-30 CA CA002330922A patent/CA2330922C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-04-30 JP JP2000550916A patent/JP2002516370A/ja active Pending
- 1999-04-30 US US09/302,306 patent/US6251319B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-04-30 CN CN99806607A patent/CN1118507C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-04-30 IL IL13958099A patent/IL139580A0/xx unknown
- 1999-04-30 HU HU0101966A patent/HUP0101966A3/hu unknown
- 1999-04-30 TR TR2000/03492T patent/TR200003492T2/xx unknown
- 1999-04-30 AU AU38740/99A patent/AU749141B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-04-30 WO PCT/US1999/009448 patent/WO1999061520A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-04-30 RU RU2000132718/04A patent/RU2219198C2/ru active
- 1999-04-30 AT AT99921556T patent/ATE263203T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-05-26 TW TW088108658A patent/TW453950B/zh active
- 1999-05-26 TW TW088108657A patent/TW482726B/zh active
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2000
- 2000-11-23 NO NO20005927A patent/NO324390B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
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