TW482726B - Process for making a polymer foam sheet - Google Patents

Process for making a polymer foam sheet Download PDF

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Publication number
TW482726B
TW482726B TW088108657A TW88108657A TW482726B TW 482726 B TW482726 B TW 482726B TW 088108657 A TW088108657 A TW 088108657A TW 88108657 A TW88108657 A TW 88108657A TW 482726 B TW482726 B TW 482726B
Authority
TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
foam
patent application
sheet
scope
polymer
Prior art date
Application number
TW088108657A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Martin H Tusim
Martin C Cornell
Kyung W Suh
Christopher P Christenson
Chung P Park
Original Assignee
Dow Chemical Co
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of TW482726B publication Critical patent/TW482726B/zh

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    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C44/00Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/20Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of indefinite length
    • B29C44/22Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of indefinite length consisting of at least two parts of chemically or physically different materials, e.g. having different densities
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C44/00Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/34Auxiliary operations
    • B29C44/56After-treatment of articles, e.g. for altering the shape
    • B29C44/5627After-treatment of articles, e.g. for altering the shape by mechanical deformation, e.g. crushing, embossing, stretching
    • B29C44/5654Subdividing foamed articles to obtain particular surface properties, e.g. on multiple modules
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    • C08J2423/06Polyethene
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description

Α7 Α7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 ---------- - _ ^ _ 五、發明說明(1 ) 本發明係有關經擠製成形之熱塑膠泡沫體。 、、硬泡;^材具有?種不同的應用,包括用作熱成形應用之 原料如杯子、碗、需要硬度以橫跨長距離之不可撓性應用如汽 車車頂内襯基材或包裝平台、盤子等。然而,某些應用比起典型 上所見到之聚合物如聚乙烯及聚苯乙婦之泡珠體者需要較高的耐 熱性。聚氨基甲酸乙酯料體係—種典型的料體用於該等應用 上,但是其可能無法如—熱塑膠聚合物泡沐體—般可輕易的熱塑 成型。從可形成泡沫體之聚丙稀粒子所製得的泡沫片材係為一種 獲得-具有相當高耐熱之熱可成型泡沫體之方式,但是該泡沐也 許不具有耐衝擊或彎曲及伸張強度之用於某些應用之性質。同 夺1丙烯粒子泡泳體係通常從聚丙稀共聚物所製得而比起從聚 丙烯均聚物所製得的泡沫體係具有較低的耐熱性。 USP3637458揭露從聚丙烯藉由一擠製方法所製得的微孔泡 沫片材,但是在該方法中大量吹製劑的使用產生一不具有於某 些應用中所要的密度、厚度、或硬度之泡沫體。 凰式簡要說明 第1圖繪不一板/輪廓與泡沫之組合,該組合具有一長方形 格子圖案,該圖案具有形成泡珠部份51與非形成泡珠部份犯。 在一個層面,本發明係為一種用以製造一聚合物泡沫片材 之方法,其包含⑴經由一環狀擠製模擠壓出一包含至少一個聚 丙烯聚合物及-個吹製劑之可形成泡殊體組成物,該擠製作用 係在-足夠防止言亥組成物在離開了該模之前形即成泡泳體之一 溫度、-壓力以及-擠製速率,在足夠形成一具有至少脚化3 及不超過2GGkg/m3之密度之泡沐管、—小於⑽之開孔含量、一 I ___ _4_ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格⑵〇 x 297公餐_y
(請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ▼ II------線一 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 482726 五、發明說明(2 至少1米之周圍以及 至少2匪及不超過25mm泡沫體厚度之條 件,其中該吹製劑係以一從〇 2至4· 5莫耳每公斤聚合物之量而 被使用,(ii)使該泡沫體冷卻至一低於該聚丙烯之熔融溫度之 μ度,以及(i i i)沿該泡沫管之徑向切割該泡沫管以形成一泡沫 片材,其中該片材至少有70%重量的聚合物係為聚丙烯,當在19〇 c下測試時,該聚丙烯具有一範圍從30至6〇〇^之熔融強度。 其已發現,即本發明提供一種從聚丙烯聚合物製備相當稠 密、閉孔或部份開孔之可熱塑成形泡沫片材。在下面說明,本 發明之該等及其他優點將係明瞭地。 藉由本發明之方法所製備之泡沫片材係可輕易的熱塑成形 成一所要的形狀、構造或輪廓;其係堅硬的而足夠防止塌陷及 實質上維持其形狀—甚至在曝露於升高的溫度(其常於炎熱的天 軋下在忒車中及或直接日曬情形下被遭遇到)。該泡沫片材也提 供良好的避震性及具有良好的吸音及吸熱。該泡沫片材的表面 也相當的免於破痕、磨損、皺摺及其他在所欲的應用上減少其 用途之表面缺陷。 該泡沫體較佳為具有開孔量低於7〇%,更佳為低於5〇%,更 佳為低於40%,最佳為低於20%。開孔量係依據ASH D2856—A而 被疋出。閉孔泡沫體提供較佳的熱絕緣能力及彈性之優點,而 開孔泡沫體提供較佳之音絕緣、尺寸穩定性及在熱形成時之熱 轉移之優點。 依據ASTM D3575-93字尾W方法B之測定,熱塑膠泡沫 體較佳地具有一在成形前至少為25kg/m3的密度,較佳為 至少32kg/m3,最佳為至少35kg/m3,但較佳為不大於: (請先閱讀背面之注咅?事項再填寫本頁)
本紙張尺度翻巾關家鮮(CNS)A4規格⑵G X 297公爱了 482726 A7 五、發明說明(3 ) 更佳為不大於160,及最佳為不大於1〇〇公斤每一立方米。 根據ASTM D3576,該泡沫體較佳地具有一平均為至少〇入 之孔的尺寸,更佳為至少〇· 5mm,更佳為至少〇· 75咖,最 佳為至少1.0mm,但較佳地為不大於6龍,更佳為不大於 5mm ,及最佳為不大於4mm。最佳的密度及孔的尺寸範圍將 依賴泡沫體的組成及所要的物性而定。例如,一泡沫俨一 般可以藉由增加密度或孔尺寸而做的更硬。 該泡沫體在一般所遭遇到之在汽車的車頂因太陽光加 熱而升高到125 °C的溫度下必須是耐熱扭曲及尺寸穩定 的。依據SAE 883中有關膨脹及收縮兩種情況,該泡沫2 較佳地係具有一尺寸穩定性變化為,約5%或更小,及更佳 為1%或更小。 線 該泡沐片材較佳地具有一橫截面厚度為至少_,較 佳為至少7mm,最佳為至少8mm,但較佳為不大於25_,更 佳為不大於23mm,及最佳為不大於2〇_。其寬度較佳為至 少lm,更佳為至少hlm,最佳為至少l2m,但較佳為不大 於2· 5m’更佳為不大於22m,及最佳為不大於n 經 濟 部 智 慧 財 產 局 員 工 消 費 合 作 社 印 製 該泡珠片材係可輕易的熱塑成形成一所要的形狀、構 造或輪靡。該,,可熱塑成形,,用語表示該泡沫體,係可以藉 由習知的傳統裝置在熱及機械壓力下,而被熱成形或成; 成一不同形狀或輪廓,依其所應用的用途而定。如果有需 要,一裝飾層如一織造熱塑膠纖維之織物層,可以在熱成 形過程中或之後,被熱焊或黏到該泡沫體。 該泡沫體的物理性質及熱阻性,可以藉由在該泡朱體 482726 A7 五、發明說明(4 上形成或引入一實質上為非-泡沫體的外殼而被加強,例 如藉由層壓塑膠薄膜或片材至該泡沫體,藉由塗覆以一塑 膠樹脂、加熱該泡沫體的一個表面或數個表面至高於其玻 璃轉移溫度,或是使在該外殼處之該孔結構崩塌之熔點、 或任何上述方式之結合。該薄膜、片材或塗覆可以包含任 何習知的熱塑膠樹脂或熱固型樹脂。有用的熱塑膠樹脂包 括有上述有關組成該泡沫體者,及包括有聚氨基曱酸乙酯 及環氧樹脂之有用的熱固型樹脂。 本文所使用之該”聚丙烯,,用語表示一種具有至少5〇重 量%的丙烯單體,且具有一藉由一 Rhe〇tensTM熔融張力設 備在190 C下測定之範圍為從25至60cN之溶融強度之聚合 物’以及該聚合物之混合物。該熔融強度可以藉由該設備 經由一具有一直徑為2· 1mm及長度為41· 9mm之毛細模在190 °C及0· 030cc/sec下以擠製該聚合物,之後在測量伸長率 時,該縷係在一衡定加速度被伸張。較佳地,該聚丙烯之 炼融強度係為至少28,更佳為至少3〇 ,最佳為至少33cN, 但較佳為不大於60,更佳為不大於55,及最佳為不大於 50cN。該聚丙烯較佳為包含至少7〇%重量的丙烯單體。 使用於本發明之方法中之該聚丙烯,較佳地係具有一 以Rheotens™熔融張力設備所測定之至少1〇〇%熔融伸長 率,更佳為至少150%,最佳為至少200%。該熔融聚合物係 藉由該設備經由一具有一直徑為2· lmm及長度為419咖之 毛細模,在190°C及0.030cc/sec下而被擠製。之後該縷在 測量伸長一特定的伸長率的力量時,被以一衡定加速度 卜紙張尺&適用中國國豕標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公楚) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) --------訂---------線- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 而 482726 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 五、發明說明( 伸長。該聚丙烯聚合物材質較佳地係具有一介於約〇· 〇5與 50之熔融流動率,及更佳為介於〇1與2〇(18/1111]1之間。依 據ASTM D1238條件L。藉由本發明之方法所製造之該泡沫 體之聚合物固體,包含至少7〇%重量的聚丙烯聚合物,更 佳為至少80%重量,及最佳為至少85%重量。 車父佳的樹脂為聚丙稀樹脂,其為經支鏈或經光交聯 的。支鏈或父聯可以藉由習知的方法,如化學的或光照射 支鏈/光交聯而被獲得。一在使用聚丙烯樹脂以製備一經 加工之聚丙烯樹脂產品之前,以一支鏈/光交聯聚丙烯樹 脂製備之樹脂,及製備此種聚丙烯樹脂方法,係被描述於 USP 491 6198。另一種製備支鏈/光交聯聚丙烯樹脂之方法 係將化合物與一聚丙烯樹脂一起導入擠製機,且使支鏈/ 光父聯反應在该擠製機内發生。USP 4714716描述該方法。 光照射技術係被描述於USP5605936。依據astm D2765 84 方法A,該用以製備該泡沫體之聚合物組成物,較佳地係 具有一膠含量小於1 〇%,更佳為小於5%。 可以被結合至該可形成泡沫體聚合物組成物之其他聚 合物材質包括聚丙烯之共聚物及可共聚合之烯羥不飽和共 單體。该聚丙烯聚合物可以僅由一個或數個丙烯均聚合 物、一個或數個丙烯共聚合物、一種一個或數個該丙烯均 聚物與共聚物之混合物、或上述任一種與一非丙烯聚合物 之混合物所組成。 適當的單烯經不飽和共單體包括烯羥類、醋酸乙烯 酯、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、曱基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸、 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -.MW------- — 訂1-;------- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 482726 A7
五、發明說明(6 ) 衣康酸、馬來酸以及馬來酸酐。 特別有用之丙烯共聚合物,為丙烯及一個或數個非丙 烯烯羥之共聚物。丙烯共聚物包括不規則、嵌段、及接枝 共聚物或丙烯與一種擇自由C4 — Cig之卜烯羥及C4-CU二烯所 組成的群組之共聚體。聚丙烯共聚物也包括丙烯與選自由 乙烯及CrC8之1-烯羥所組成的群組之丨—烯羥類的不規則 三元共聚物。具有乙烯及CrGi卜烯羥之共聚體係較佳 地,乙烯的含量為45重量%或更低。該C4 —ClQ丨—烯羥包括 直鏈及支鏈的C4-C1() 1-烯羥,例如卜丁烯、異丁烯、丨一戍 烯、3-曱基-1-丁烯、1 一己烯、3, 4一二甲基一 ;[—丁烯、卜庚 烯以及3-曱基-1-己烯。C4-C1()二烯類之例子包括L3 —丁二 烯、1,4-戊二烯、異戊二烯、1,5 -己二烯以及2, 3一二甲基 -1,3-己二烯。 適Μ之可用於该可形成泡沫組成的非丙烯鍵聚合物包 括高、中、低以及直鏈密度之聚乙烯、聚丁烯—丨、乙稀/ 丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯/乙烯基乙酸酯共聚物、乙烯/丙稀共 聚物、苯乙烯/ 丁二烯共聚物、乙烯/苯乙烯共聚物、乙婦 /乙基丙烯酸酯共聚物以及離聚物。如有須要,該可形成 泡珠之聚合物組成,可以包括其他有用的可熱塑成形塑膠 如高密度聚乙烯、氣化聚乙烯、EPDM(乙烯/丙烯/二胺的 共聚物)橡膠與聚丙烯的ΤΡ0混合物。 該吹製劑可以包含任何習知的如有機及/或無機組成 之化學的吹製劑及物理的吹製劑。該吹製劑可以含有機劑 的混合物、無機劑的混合物或有機與無機劑的混合物。適 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
A7
哪726 五、發明說明(7 ) 當的無機吹製劑,包括二氧化碳、氮、氬、水、空氣、氮 以及氦。適當的有機吹製劑包括具有1-9碳原子的脂肪族 石反氫化物以及具有1 -4個碳原子的鹵化脂肪族碳氫化物。 脂肪族碳氫化物包括甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、n—丁烷、異丁烷、 η-戊烷、異戊烷以及新戊烷。鹵化碳氫化物中,以氟化碳 氫化物較佳。氟化碳氫化物的例子包括甲基氟化物過氟化 甲烷、乙基氟化物、1, 1-二氟化乙烷、丨,丨,丨—三氟化乙烷 (HFC- 143a)、1,1,1,2-四氟化乙烷(HFC134 —a)、五氟化乙 烷、過氟乙烷、2, 2-二氟丙烷、1,ι,ι —三氟丙烷、過氟丙 烷、過氟丁烷、過氟環丁烷。部份_化碳氫化物及氟氣化 碳氫化物供用於本發明中包括氣代甲烷、二氣甲烷、氯代 乙烧、ι,ι,ι-一氟乙院、1,卜二氣一 氟化乙院(hfc_ 141b)、1-氣化 _ι,ι 一二氟化乙烷(HCFC —142b)、l j—二氯 化。""-三氟化乙烷^“-:^”以及卜氣化-^卜四 氟化乙烷(HCFC-124)。完全鹵化氟氯化碳氫化物包括三氯 單氟化曱烷(CFC-11)、二氣氟化甲烷(CFC — 12)、三氯氟化 甲烷(CFC-113)、二氣四氟乙烷(CFC一 114)、氯化五氟丙烷 以及二氯六氟丙烷。完全_化之氟氯化碳氫化物係較不理 想,因為其可能導致臭氧層破壞。化學的吹製劑包括偶氮 一西胺、偶氮一異丁腈、苯續酸肼、4, 4 -苯紛石黃西基〜半一 二肼幾、P-甲苯黃西基半—二肼羰、偶氮二羧酸基鋇、N, 二甲基-N,Ν’-二亞硝基對苯二西胺以及三肼基三伸偶氮。 吹製劑結合在該聚合物熔體中以製作一泡沫形成的聚 合物膠體的量係從0.2至4.5,較佳為〇·3至3.0,以及最佳 -10- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注音?事項再填寫本頁) 訂 - - - - -----線- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 482726 五、發明說明(8 ) 為從約0.5至2·5〇莫耳每公斤聚合物。除此之外,一成核 背J可以被加到泡沫製程中以控制泡沫孔的尺寸。較佳的成 核劑包括無機物質如碳酸鈣、滑石、黏土、二氧化鈦、矽 瓜酉文鋇硬S旨酸#5、硬醋酸鎖、石夕藻土、雙碳酸鈉與 挣核酸的混合物。所使用的成核劑量範圍可以從〇· 〇ι至5 份重罝每100份重量聚合物樹脂。較佳範圍為從〇· 1至約3 份重量。 其也可以加入各種不同的添加劑到該發泡體中以及該 泡本製私中,如顏料、染料、抗氧化劑、酸除劑、紫外線 吸收劑、難燃劑、加工助劑以及擠製助劑。 本發明之方法可以藉由下列步驟來完成:加熱一熱塑 性聚合物以形成一塑化或熔融的聚合物質,結合一物理的 吹製劑以形成一可形成泡沫之膠體,冷卻該可形成泡沫之 膠體,並擠壓該膠體通過一環狀擠製模以形成一管狀之泡 珠體,之後該管狀之泡珠體再進一步冷卻至低於聚丙烯的 結晶溫度,並沿其半徑周圍縱長地切割以形成一具有寬度 等於該管子圓周的片材。該吹製劑可以藉由習知技術如擠 製機、混合機、攪拌機或類似者而被結合或混合至該塑膠 溶融體。在與該吹製劑混合前,該聚合物質係被加熱至: 南於玻璃轉化溫度或該物質的熔點之溫度。該吹製劑係與 該塑膠熔融體,在一足以防止該溶體大幅膨服及足以使該 吹製劑均$的分散在該、溶體之升高之壓力下混合。可選擇 地,-成核劑、穩定劑、染色劑、及其他添加劑可以被混 合在該聚合物熔體内。該吹製劑、及成核劑與其他添加劑 --------------------'tT—-------線 (請先閱讀背面之注咅?事項再填寫本頁> -11- A7
五、發明說明(9 ) 的進料速率係被調整,以達到一相當低密度的泡沫體及小 尺寸的孔。其造成薄孔壁於該泡沫體中。在結合該吹製劑 後’ 4可形成泡沫膠體係典型地被冷卻至一較低的溫度以 使該泡沫產品之物理性質最適化。之後該膠體被擠壓通過 一所要尺寸的模至一較低壓區以形成該泡沫產品。如果使 用化學的吹製劑’其係被結合至該熔融聚合物物質且被 擠製或輸送至一升高的溫度區,在該區中該吹製劑分解形 成一氣體,通常為二氧化碳。該熔融聚合物物質/氣體混 合物膨脹以形成一泡沫體。 美國專利第4,3 2 3,5 2 8號係有關於經由一累積擠製方 法而製造聚烯羥泡沫體。該方法包含:丨)混合一熱塑膠物 質及一吹製劑以形成一聚合物膠體;2)擠壓該膠體至一 固持區,其係維持在一不會使該混合物形成泡沫之溫度; 忒固持區具有一模,該模界定一通至一較低壓區之孔,在 該區中該膠體形成泡沫,以及一可開啟的閘以關閉該模 孔;3)定期地開啟該閘;4)實質上同時地藉由一可移動之 撞擊機施加機械壓力至該膠體上,以自該固持區經過該模 孔投出該膠體至該較低壓區,以及5)使該經投出的膠體膨 服以形成泡沐。 泡沐體強度或硬度可以猎由擠壓出相當薄的,而於該 泡沫體内實質上非形成泡沫的板或輪廓。具有或不具有吹 製劑之擠製物或塑膠熔體,可以被輸送通過擠製模内之不 同的孔,並使其合併以形成一具有形成泡沫與非形成泡沫 或些微形成泡沐部份之泡、/末體。該泡沫體的擠壓橫截面, -12- @張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) ' ---- 請先閱讀背面之注音?事項再填寫本頁) τι------線巍 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印制衣 4S2720 A7 B7 五、發明說明(10) 該非形成泡沫的樹脂板或部份 圖案。該板或輪廓可以是相互六4規則的或不規則的 中之該非形成泡珠輪廊或^非又又°在该泡珠體 形、圓形、長方形或對角2月匕橫截面圖案,包括蜂巢 與泡沫之組合,該組合呈有 輪廓 ^ /、有一長方形格子圖案,該圖荦且 有形成料騎51與㈣m料52。 〜、 其係也可能藉由一執綠挪I + 田熱線體切割一泡沫體及再結合或入 併該經分割的泡沫片段,使得其係被焊在一起來製造具: 形成泡珠與非形成泡沫部份之擠製構造。較佳地,熱焊係 在該泡珠體已藉由該熱線體被分割後立即進行。在經分判 的泡床片段被合併後,熱施加至該泡沫體使鄰近該熱線體 的該泡床體的孔結構塌陷,並產生一非泡珠體板或輪廊於 該泡沫體内。 其也可能藉由以交替的構造方式相互層壓泡珠的與非 泡珠的輪廓或層以形成合一的結構,來製造具有泡珠的或 非泡沫的部份的結構。該等輪廓或層可以藉由熱焊或黏著 劑而被層壓一起。 该泡沫體的物性及耐熱性可以藉由添加有機或無機物 之粒子或纖維之填充劑而被加強。該等粒子或纖維可以在 製造過程中被加至該形成泡沫之組成中。可用的物質包括 碳黑粒子、黏土粒子、碳或石墨纖維、聚丙烯纖維、聚酯 纖維、以及尼龍纖維、玻璃纖維、以及丙烯腈纖維。該泡 珠體的物性及耐熱性也可以藉由層壓非泡沫薄膜/片或含 有該等粒子或纖維之塗覆至該泡沫體而被加強。該纖維可 I____ -13- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(21〇 x 297公釐) -' ---- 482726 A7 智 員 工 消 費 五、發明說明(11 以是任何長度,長或短(原纖維)。其可以依織物或預潰體 的性質被不規則地分散或編織或放於一起。 習知的黏著劑可以被用來使本發明之該泡珠片相互黏 在-起或黏至其他物質。可用的黏著劑包括熱固型黏著劑 如聚氨基甲冑乙醋樹脂及環氧樹脂及熱塑型⑩著劑如乙 稀:聚丙浠、乙稀共聚物、以及丙稀共聚物。可用的黏著 劑係揭示於美國專利號5,46〇87〇及5 67〇211。該等黏著 劑可以藉由習知如藉由喷灑、塗覆或薄膜形式而被施加。 較佳之黏著劑係為熱塑膠,因為其較低的成本及潛在可回 收。黏著劑的存在對於本發明而言非為關鍵。 一或數層裝飾物質如錢或織物可以被施加至該泡沐 片的表面。該層可以是習知中的任一類型。典型上商業被 使用的為毛氈或編織物。可用的織物包括聚酯織物、尼龍、 以及聚丙稀纖維。較佳地,該毛|€或織物層係包含相同或 類似於該泡沫材料之聚合物。該毛範或織物層可以藉由習 知的方法如熱焊、黏著薄膜或黏著液或塗覆而被黏至該泡 泳體。較佳之裝部層為熱塑性纖維之織物,在不用黏著劑 下經熱焊至核心層。熱焊係指將該織物層加熱至一程度使 其變黏而可以在不須黏著劑下即可黏至該核心層。織物層 也可以被熱焊至-核心層,如果其是在熱泡沫成形過程中 或在該核心層處於升高的溫度時施加至該核心層。 該泡沐體係可輕易地可熱塑成形,形成所要的形狀、 構想或輪廓。該”可熱塑成形,,用語表示該泡沫體可以被 熱形成泡沫或在藉由習知之方法加熱及機械壓力下成形成 -14 _ 線 I________ _ 1呌一 本紙張尺度適用,國冢標準(CNS)A4 g格⑵◦ χ撕公羞了
I 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 482726 A7 -------^------- — 五、發明說明(U ) 不同的形狀或輪廓。典型地,該泡沫體係在加熱及壓力下 被擠壓以形成一具有與車頂的形狀輪廓相同,而係要被定 位在該車頂下方之輪廓的片材。如有需要,一裝飾層如一 編織之熱塑性纖維織物層,可以在熱形成泡沫過程中被熱 焊至該泡沫體。藉由本發明之方法所製造之該泡沫片材, 係較佳地在從130至170°C之範圍及壓力從34至650kpa之範 圍為可模鑄的。 該泡沫體的物性及耐熱性,可以藉由在該泡沫體上形 成或導入一實質上為非泡沫的皮之形成而被加強。如藉由 層壓塑膠薄膜或片至該泡沫體、藉由塗覆以一塑膠樹脂、 加熱該泡沫體的一個或數個表面,至低於其玻璃轉化點溫 度或其溶點,以塌陷在該皮處的孔結構、或上述之組合。 該薄膜、片或塗覆可以包含任何習知的熱塑性樹脂或熱固 性樹脂。可用的熱塑性樹脂包括上述有關組成該泡沫體者 及可用的熱固性樹脂包括聚氨基曱酸乙酯樹脂及環氧樹 脂。 下列實施例說明本發明,但不是被解釋成作為限制本 發明。 說明的實施例 例1 一種經擠製的聚丙烯泡沫片材係被製造。用以製造該 泡沫體之裝置,依序包括一擠製機、混合機、冷卻器以及 一環形擠製模。聚合物係以粒狀被進料至該擠製機,在該 處其與添加劑被混合以形成一聚合物熔體。所使用的聚丙 ___ -15- 本紙張尺f適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(21〇 X 297公釐) --------------- C請先閱讀背面之注咅?事項再填寫本頁} 482726 A7 五、發明說明(I3) 烯(??)聚合物為??-814(來自仏〇111:611公司)。該?卩一814是 一種具有熔融流動速率為3dg/min(以ASTMD-1238測試方法 所測量的)之高熔融強度PP樹脂。該聚丙烯聚合物的進料 速率為1 000碎每小時(454kg/h)。該聚丙烯樹脂係與〇· 25 镑的滑石每100磅的聚合物(pph)相混合。另外,每1〇〇傍 聚合物中’ 0.1磅的Irganox 1〇1〇穩定劑(來自Ciba — Gei灯 公司)以及0· 1磅Ultranox 626穩定劑(來自GE特用化學品 公司)係被加入。該擠製機的條件係為從在該擠製機進料 端的170°C至在該擠製機的輸送端的22〇°c之範圍間。該聚 合物與添加劑的熔體係被輸送至該混合機,在該處,5份 的〇人製劑母1 0 0份的聚合物係在壓力下被結合,以形成一 可形成泡珠膠體。該可形成泡沫膠體係被冷卻至1 65它, 且在加壓情況下被輸送至該模,在該處,其自5英吋直徑 的環狀孔膨脹至一較低壓區(一大氣壓),大約一 20英吋直 徑的心軸,以形成一管狀泡沫片產品。之後,該管狀片係 被分割以形成一平的片體。 該泡沫體具有一 5mm的厚度及16〇〇mm的寬度,一 16% 的開孔量,一 2.7磅每立方英呎(pcf)(432公斤每立方米 kgm)的密度以及一 h7mm的平均孔尺寸。該泡沫係相當硬, 在支持其本身重量時不會塌陷,且是可熱形成泡沫的。該 泡沫體具有一值為5· 3之描述於美國專利5, 527, 573中之可 形成泡沫性因子。 例2 另一經擠製的聚丙烯泡沫片材,係在例1中所揭露之 _________ _ 16 _ 本纸張尺度適用中國國豕標準(CNS)A4規格(21〇 X 297公着]---------- 閱 讀 背 面 之 注 項 再 填 寫 本 頁 f 經 濟 部 智 慧 財 產 局 員 工 消 費 合 作 社 印 製 482726 經 濟 部 智 慧 財 產 局 員 工 消 費 合 作 社 印 製 A7 五、發明說明(W ) 该裝置上,以相同的吹製劑量及裝料量,及與例丨中實質 相同的製私條件,但以一較大的模孔及一較低的抽出速 率而被製造的。 該泡珠具有一 9mm的厚度及1 600mm的寬度,一低於2% 的開孔量,一 2.4Pcf(38kgm)的密度,以及一丨.7_的平均 孔尺寸。該泡沫體係相當硬及在支持其本身重量時不會塌 陷。該泡沫體具有一值為4· 7之可形成泡沫性因子。 例3 種經擠製的聚丙烯泡沐片材係在例1中所揭露之裝 置上,以相同的吹製劑量及裝料量及實質上與例1中相同 的製程條件而被製造。 «亥/包沫體具有一 7mm厚度及一 1 600mm的寬度,一 19%的 開孔量以及一 2· 9pcf(46· lkgm)的密度及一丨· 75mm的平均 孔尺寸。該泡沫體係相當硬,在支持其本身重量時不會塌 陷’且是熱可形成泡沫的。該泡沫體具有一值為5· 8可形 成泡沐性因子。 例4 一種經擠製的聚丙烯泡沫片材,係在例1中所揭露之 裝置上以相同的吹製劑量及添加劑,加上硬酯酸鈣粉末作 為額外的孔成核化。該聚丙烯聚合物係以gg〇 lb/h(449kg/h) 速率與0.42pph的滑石、0.3pph的Ultranox815p穩定劑(來 自GE特用化學品公司)、以及〇· 3pph硬酯酸鈣被進料至該 擠製機。之後,經塑化膠體係與3· 9pph的異丁醇在加壓情 況下混合,被冷卻至161 °C及被輸送至一環狀模,在該處 --------tr--------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 五、發明說明(IS) 其被今6午在一杈低壓力區膨脹,而在一直徑16英吋的轴上 伸張以形成一管狀的泡珠片產品。之後該管狀片材係被分 割以形成一平板。 該泡沫體具有一 7mm厚度及1 290mm的寬度,一 2〇 4%開 孔篁,一 3.3pcf(52.9kgm)密度以及一 3·6_的平均孔尺 寸。該泡珠體係相當硬,在支持其本身重量時不會塌陷, 及是熱可形成泡珠的。該泡泳體具有-175Psi(i.21MPa) 在失效時之撓性強度(由SAEJ949中所描述的方法所測 付),及一值為13 · 6可形成泡珠性因子。 例5 另一經擠製的聚丙烯泡沫片材,係在例丨中所揭露之 裝置上,以相同的吹製劑量及添加劑加上硬酯酸粉作為額 外之孔成核化。該聚丙烯聚合物係w138〇lb/h(626kg/h) 的速率與0.30pph的滑石,0.21pplu々ultran〇x 815p穩定 劑(來自GE特用化學品公司),〇· 3_的硬酯酸舞而被進料 至該擠製機。之後,經塑化膠體混合物係與3 9pph的異丁 醇在加壓情況下混合,被冷卻至1615它及被輸送至一環 形模,在该處其被容許膨脹至一較低壓區,在一直徑英 吋之冷部軸上伸張以形成一管狀泡沫片產品。之後該管狀 片係被分割以形成一平板。 該泡沫體具有一 1〇·9_的厚度及一 16〇〇mm的寬度,一 2.2%的開孔量,一3.41)以(54.扑卿)的密度,及一5.2丽的 孔尺寸。該泡沫體係相當硬,在支持其本身的重量時不會 %陷,且疋熱可形成泡沫的。該泡沫體具有一丨4丨psi (丨 -18- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注音?事項再填寫本頁) 訂——------線* 482726 A7 五、發明說明(l6 ) 之在失效時之撓性強度(由SAEJ949中所描述的方法所測 得),一 20· 3之可形成泡沫性因子。 例6 一種經擠製泡沫片材係自一 75%聚丙烯(PF-814,來自 Montell公司)與25%AFFINITYTMPL-1880聚丙烯(來自杜邦公 司)之混合物所製得的。該PL-1 880係具有一 1· 〇dg/min溶 融指數與一 0.9020§/(^密度及一9.0之110/12的聚丙埽樹 脂。該泡沫體係在例1中揭露之裝置上製得的。該聚合物 混合物係以l〇〇〇lb/h(454kg/h)的速率與〇· 4pph的滑石, 〇· 3pph的Ultranox 815P穩定劑(來自GE特用化學品公司) 被進料至該擠製機。之後,經塑化膠體係與6· 〇pph的異丁 醇在加壓情況下被混合,被冷卻至157t:&被輸送至一環 形模’在该處其被容許膨服至一較低壓力,在一直徑為2 〇 英对的冷卻軸上伸張以形成一管狀泡沫片產品。之後該管 狀片係被分割以形成一平的片材。 該泡沫體具有一 7mm的厚度及一 i6〇〇mm的寬度,一 14.4%的開孔量,一3.6口〇{(57.71^111)的密度以及一.3.4111111 的平均孔尺寸。該泡沫體係相當硬,在支持其本身重量時 不會塌陷,且是可熱塑成形的。該泡沫體具有失效值為一 72psi (〇· 5Mpa)的可撓性強度(由SAEJ949中所描述的方法 所測得),及一值為14· 0的可形成泡沫性因子。 例7 一種經擠製的泡沫片材係自一 75%聚丙烯(pF一814,來 自Montel 1公司)與25%AFFINITYTMPL-1880聚丙烯(來自杜邦 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) •f 訂- -------線- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 邾 2726
經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 公司)之混合物所製得的。該PL-1880係具有一 l 〇dg/min 炫融指數與一 0· 9020g/cc密度及一 ιι〇/Ι2之值為9〇的聚 丙烯樹脂。該泡沫體係在例1中揭露之裝置上製得的。該 聚合物混合物係以1 〇〇〇 lb/h(454kg/h)的速率與〇· 4pph的 滑石,0· 3pph的Ultranox 815P穩定劑(來自GE特用化學品 公司)被進料至該擠製機。之後,經塑化膠體係與6〇pph 的異丁醇在加壓情況下被混合,被冷卻至1 57^及被輸送 至一環形模,在該處其被容許膨脹至一較低壓力,在一直 控為20英吋的冷卻軸上伸張以形成一管狀泡沫片產品。之 後該管狀片係被分割以形成一平板。 該泡沫體具有一 9.8mm的厚度及一 1 600mm的寬度,一 5.8%的開孔量,一2.70〇以43.31^111)的密度以及一4.5111111的 平均孔尺寸。該泡沫體係相當硬,在支持其本身重量時不 會塌陷,及是可熱塑成形的。該泡沫體具有一失效值為 70psi(0· 5Mpa)的可撓性強度(由SAEJ949中所描述的方法 所測得),及一值為1 3 · 0的可形成泡沫性因子。 例8 一種經擠製的泡沫片材係自一 75%聚丙烯(pF一814,來 自Montell公司)與25%AFFINITYTMPL-1880聚丙烯(來自杜邦 公司)之混合物所製得的。該PL-1880係具有一 1. 0dg/min 熔融指數與一 0· 9020g/cc密度及一 9.0之110/12的聚丙埽 樹脂。該泡沫體係在例1中揭露之裝置上製得的。該聚合 物混合物係以1 200 lb/h( 545kg/h)的速率與〇· 4pph的滑 石,0· 3pph的Ultranox 815P穩定劑(來自GE特用化學品公 -20- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐了 ---------------------訂---------^^1 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 482726 五、發明說明(π 司)被進料至該擠製機。之後,經塑化膠體係與6· 〇pph的 異丁醇在加壓情況下被混合,被冷卻至15 6它及被輸送至 一環形模,在該處其被容許膨脹至一較低壓力,在一直徑 為20英吋的冷卻軸上伸張以形成一管狀泡沫片產品。之後 該管狀片係被分割以形成一平的片材。 該泡沫體具有一 14. 6mm的厚度及一 i6〇〇mm的寬度,一 3.3%的開孔量,一2.6?以(41.71^111)的密度以及一3.2_的 平均孔尺寸。該泡沫體係相當硬,在支持其本身重量時不 會塌陷,及是可熱塑成形的。該泡沫體具有一失效值為 58psi (0· 4Mpa)的可撓性強度(由SAEJ949中所描述的方法 所測得),及一值為9· 5的可形成泡沫性因子。 例9 例8的泡沫片係與一 1.61^1(〇〇4随)厚的多層薄膜被 層壓。該薄膜係由兩個層所組成:a)乙烯丙烯酸共聚物/ 直鏈低密度聚乙烯混合物(60/40) ; b)共聚物聚丙烯/馬來 酸酐改質的PP(70/30)。該黏著劑層a)含有7〇%薄膜的厚 度。該薄膜係被層壓至該泡沫體的一側。在層壓後,該薄 膜/泡沫體結構係被切成3英吋XI2英吋之片段,並測試其 彎曲強度,如在SAE測試J949中。所得到的結構須要 頓以-曲1英忖(25.4_)。該泡沫體具有_值為9·5之可形 成泡沫性因子。該泡珠體係被切割及被_成所 概輪廓,及-層裝飾層係被黏在該處。該車頂概係被裝在 -汽車内鄰近該車頂的下方,及藉由_黏著劑之方式被黏 在該處。 •21- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(21(3 X 297公釐) --------------------訂--------- - U (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 482726 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明(l9 ) 例10 例5之該泡沫片係與一如例9中所描述之丨.6mil(0· 〇4 mm)的薄膜被層壓。該薄膜係被層壓至該泡沫體的一側。 在層壓後,該薄膜/泡沫體結構係被切成3英吋χΐ2英吋的 片段及被測試其彎曲強度。如在SAE測試J949中。該泡沫 體具有一值為2 〇 · 3之可形成泡泳性因子。所得到的結構須 要大於45牛頓以彎曲1英吋(25· 4mm)。例5中的泡沫體須要 20牛頓以彎曲1英吋(25. 4mm)。 例11 例7之該泡沫片係與一如例9中所描述之丨.6mi ι(〇. 〇4 mm)的薄膜被層壓。該薄膜係被層壓至該泡珠體的一側。 在層壓後,該薄膜/泡沫體結構係被切成3英吋χΐ2英吋的 片段及被測试其彎曲強度。如在SAE測試j 94 9中。該泡沫 體具有一值為13· 0之可形成泡沫性因子。所得到的結構須 要大於14牛頓以彎曲i英吋(25.4mm)。 另外,其發現,為了從上述例子中之該等聚合物及吹 製劑的組合製造一可接受的泡沫體,該熔融之聚合物與吹 製劑之混合物的壓力,在進入該模前至少係為3 〇\pa,'較 佳為3.3MPa,及最佳為3.4MPa,以維持該 聚合物之溶體内。該麗力係藉由之前安裝在== 標準之壓力表所測得。每一例子所測得的壓力係列在表ι 中。 表1 --------1T--------- * - 广請先間讀背面之注意事項爲填寫本頁)
482726 A7 Β7 五、發明說明(2〇) 5 3. 8 6 4. 8 7 3. 9 8 4. 4 --------------------訂---------線 ί * (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -23- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐)

Claims (1)

  1. 482726 公 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A8 B8 C8 D8 專利範圍 ----L ^種製造聚合物泡沫片材之方法,該方法包含⑴將包 含至少一種聚丙烯聚合物與至少一種吹製劑之可形成 泡沫的組成物,經由一環狀擠製模,而在足以防止該 組成物在離開該模之前形成泡沫的壓力、溫度以及擠 製速率,及在足以形成具有至少l6kg/m3且不大於 200kg/m3之密度、低於7 0%的開孔量、至少1公尺的圓 周以及至少2mm且不大於25mm的泡沫厚度之泡沫管的 條件下擠製,其中該吹製劑的用量為從〇·2至4.5莫耳每 公斤聚合物;(ii)將該泡沫冷卻至低於該聚丙烯熔融溫 度之溫度;以及(iii)沿該泡沫管的半徑切割該泡沫管以 形成一泡沫片材,其中在該片材中至少7〇重量%(佔該 聚合物的重量)為一種具有在19〇 下測量時之從25至 60cN範圍之熔體強度的聚丙烯。 2·如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該泡沫固體物在該 片材中包含至少80重量%(佔該聚合物的重量)之一種具 有在190 C下測量時之從25至60cN範圍之熔體強度的聚 丙稀。 3·如申請專利範圍第丨項之方法,其中該泡沫具有至少 32kg/m3之密度。 4.如申請專利範圍第!項之方法,其巾該片材具有至少u 公尺的寬度及一至少5mm的厚度。 5·如申請專利範圍第工項之方法,其中該片材具有至少以 公尺的寬度及一至少7mm的厚度。 6.如申請專利範圍第w之方法,其中該片材具有至少^ Μ氏張尺度適财關家縣(CNS M4祕 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
    482726 A8 B8 C8 D8 申請專利範圍 公尺的寬度及一至少8 mm的厚度。 7_如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該片材具有至少^ 公尺的寬度及一至少5 mm的厚度。 8. 如申請專利範圍第丨項之方法,其中該片材具有至少^ 公尺的寬度及一至少7mm的厚度。 9. 如申請專利範圍第丨項之方法,其中該片材具有至少12 公尺的寬度及一至少8 mm的厚度。 10. 如申請專利範圍第工項之方法,其中該吹製劑為異丁 醇0 11. 如申請專利範圍第W之方法,其中該吹製劑為—種有 機與一種無機吹製劑之組合。 12. 如申请專利範圍第1項之方法,盆中 /、T該有機吹製劑係擇 自正丁醇、異丁醇、丙烷以及乙醇。 13. 如申請專利範圍第丨丨項之方法,其 丹甲邊有機吹製劑係 擇自正丁醇、異丁醇、丙烷以及乙醇。 、 14·如申請專利範圍第u項之方法, r邊無機吹製劑係 擇自一氣化碳、氬、水以及氮。 '如申請專利範圍第!項之方法’其中該吹製劑為擇自二 氧化碳、氬、水以及氮之無機吹製劑。 16.如申請專利範圍第1項之方法, r ^I丙烯具有低於 l〇dg/min之熔體流速。 Π.如申請專利範圍第旧之方法,其中該可形成泡殊之也 成物’係與-非可形成料线融聚合物,在足以 具有泡泳與非泡泳部份之片材的條件下被共同擠製: 適财國國家"iiTTNS) A4規格(21GX2_9&着) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 、1T 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 482726 A8 B8 C8 D8 申請專利範圍 經濟部智慧財4局員工消費合作社印製 18 _如申請專利範圍第1項 步丄項之方法,其中該泡沫具有從〇.lmm 至6_0mm範圍的平均孔尺寸。 19 ·如申请專利範圍第1項之方 丄貝之方法,其中該泡沫具有從〇.5mm 至6_0mm範圍的平均孔尺寸。 20.如申請專利範圍第1項 .^ ^ 步丄貝之方法,其中該泡沫具有至少 0.75mm的平均孔尺寸。 21 ·如申請專利範圍第1頂之古么 示1貝之方法,其中該泡沫具有至少 1.0mm的平均孔尺寸。 22.如申請專利範圍第1項之方法, 只〜乃次具中在該片材中至少75% 的該聚合物,為在19〇。(:下測|眭 θ 士 w “ j里時,具有從25至60cN範 圍之熔體強度的聚丙烯。 23·如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其 π丹r在该片材中至少95% 的該聚合物,為在19〇〇c下測#拄 θ . J $時,具有從25至60cN範 圍之熔體強度的聚丙烯。 24·如申請專利範圍第!項之方法,其中該可形成泡沫之組 成物,在擠製之前的壓力為至少3Mpa。 25.如申請專利範圍第1項之方法, 具中该泡沫具有一低於 50%的開孔量。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 、11
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TWI816953B (zh) * 2018-12-21 2023-10-01 奧地利商柏列利斯股份公司 發泡性聚合物組成物、發泡聚合物組成物、以及具有該等組成物的電纜

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BR9910334A (pt) 2001-01-09
CA2330922A1 (en) 1999-12-02
DE69916052T2 (de) 2004-10-28
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IL139579A0 (en) 2002-02-10
JP2002516370A (ja) 2002-06-04
CA2328974A1 (en) 1999-12-02
AU3967699A (en) 1999-12-13
KR20010043823A (ko) 2001-05-25
US6251319B1 (en) 2001-06-26
AU749141B2 (en) 2002-06-20
WO1999061520A1 (en) 1999-12-02
BR9911025A (pt) 2001-02-06
WO1999061283A1 (en) 1999-12-02
TW453950B (en) 2001-09-11
CN1118507C (zh) 2003-08-20
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CA2330922C (en) 2009-09-29
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NO20005927L (no) 2000-11-23
NO324390B1 (no) 2007-10-01
IL139580A0 (en) 2002-02-10
HUP0101966A2 (hu) 2001-10-28
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RU2219198C2 (ru) 2003-12-20
CN1303337A (zh) 2001-07-11
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CN1303406A (zh) 2001-07-11
ATE263203T1 (de) 2004-04-15

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