TW415927B - Fine-celled foam composition and method - Google Patents
Fine-celled foam composition and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW415927B TW415927B TW86105966A TW86105966A TW415927B TW 415927 B TW415927 B TW 415927B TW 86105966 A TW86105966 A TW 86105966A TW 86105966 A TW86105966 A TW 86105966A TW 415927 B TW415927 B TW 415927B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- activated carbon
- caustic
- patent application
- weight
- rice husk
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 sodium fluorosilicate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009008 Eriobotrya japonica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxocalcium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+].[Ca]=O HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 241001092070 Eriobotrya Species 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims 2
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical class O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002079 cooperative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000000416 exudates and transudate Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt (1:1), (2E,4E)- Chemical compound [K+].CC=CC=CC([O-])=O CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001164374 Calyx Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000006162 Chenopodium quinoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000061508 Eriobotrya japonica Species 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000016976 Quercus macrolepis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000305267 Quercus macrolepis Species 0.000 description 1
- 201000010001 Silicosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-ONCXSQPRSA-N abietic acid Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)CC(C(C)C)=CC1=CC[C@@H]1[C@]2(C)CCC[C@@]1(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-ONCXSQPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004365 benzoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000481 chemical toxicant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
- BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenylcyclopentane Chemical compound C=CC1CCCC1 BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008266 hair spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003898 horticulture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010241 potassium sorbate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004302 potassium sorbate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940069338 potassium sorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- QLNJFJADRCOGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionamide Chemical compound CCC(N)=O QLNJFJADRCOGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940080818 propionamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940098465 tincture Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000027 toxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910021654 trace metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/006—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mineral polymers, e.g. geopolymers of the Davidovits type
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B12/00—Cements not provided for in groups C04B7/00 - C04B11/00
- C04B12/04—Alkali metal or ammonium silicate cements ; Alkyl silicate cements; Silica sol cements; Soluble silicate cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
- C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/10—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by using foaming agents or by using mechanical means, e.g. adding preformed foam
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00758—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for agri-, sylvi- or piscicultural or cattle-breeding applications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Description
415927 at B7 經清部中央樣率局貝工消费合作社印笨 五、發明説明(1 ) 本發明領域 本發明與微細隔槽之剛性泡沬有關*用以保持液體^ 供花藝、農藝、育苗與園藝使用,譬如挿枝花、植物繁殖 媒介與生長方體、土壤調整劑、覆蓋物等0 本發明背景 現行市售花卉與園藝泡沐爲酚/甲醛泡沬,其可能對 健康有害,且具有環境問題’因紛與甲醒二者受制於1986 年之Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA)之Title I I I之Section 3 13及40 C.F.R· Part 372 之星報需求,皆爲有毒化學藥品。又,甲醛爲National Toxicology Program (ΝΤΡ) * International Agency for Research on Cancer (I ARC)及American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)所列舉之敢 癌物質。美國Smithers-Oasis與其他公司現於市場銷售紛 /甲醛泡沐(* PF泡沬〃),而加州目前要求於PF泡沬上 需有下列標記:A警告!本產品含有加州所知會引發癌症 之化學藥品〇 〃 業經嘗試提供無毒、對環境友善之花藝、農藝與園藜泡沬 ,但就申請者私知,尙無此等泡沬爲工業界所接受。此種 不成功之一嘗試爲使用工業標準矽酸鈉發展氧化矽泡沬, 該矽酸鈉由氧化鈉(Na20)與二氧化矽(Si02)之水溶液 組成,8102對“20之比例爲3.22,溶解固體物爲39.3百分 比〇此一氧化矽泡沬之產生爲於一連嫌、高速之搅拌器內 ,其藉由注入一表面張力抑制劑(妥爾油混合物)與聚合 ----------^--裝! /1- .請先《讀背面之注意事項再填寫本貢\ -订 線 本紙张尺度逍用中國國家楳準(CNS ) A4说格(210乂297公嫠) —4 — 415927 經濟部中夬揉率局貝工消费合作社印装 A7 B7_五、發明説明(2 ) 物形成劑(氟矽酸鈉)到矽酸鈉內。又,棉花强化繊維譬 如棉絮(26〇微米)經與矽睃鈉混合,於所形成泡沬內提 供凝聚强度,,並加入著色劑以提供所要色彩。泡沬之最 後乾密度爲注入攪拌器內之壓縮空氣或氮所控制雖然此 —程序與此等原料產生一具有40到60微米直徑範圍之微細 隔槽之氧化矽泡沫產品,由於隔槽構造之毛細管斥力,可 達成之最佳液體保持性爲39體積百分比位準。此一泡沬另 一不想要之性質爲其在接近每立方呎4磅之最低實用密度 下之硬度。當用作一花藝泡沬供揷枝花揷入時,該硬度限 制其使用於大莖部之花卉,甚至於挿入花丼時有可能對莖 部損害〇 美國專利3, 7 4 1,89 8號與3;8 56, 539號製造氧化矽泡沬 產品,而不包括任何大量之填充劑或强化劑。所述大量 〃填充劑或强化劑爲於乾性基礎上超過約10百分比之量》 或於濕性基礎上超過鹼金屬矽酸鹽(市售矽酸鈉)原料約 3重量百分比之量。此等泡沭產品之製造爲用作構造與絕 緣材料,但絕不爲花藝、農藝、育苗與園藝產業所接受0 '"氧化矽"與%矽酸鹽〃之名稱已爲業界交換使用0 於前述專利中'由矽酸鈉溶液作成之氧化矽泡沐產品定義 爲不具有超過該大量(百分之10)之填充劑或強化材料0 於本發明中,出現有相當量超過10百分比之A填充劑"與 强化材料,譬如活性碳與纖維質纖維;而由稻殼灰苛性消 化所衍生之苛性矽酸鹽溶液具有約1/2重量百分比之金籣 〇 本紙張尺度通用中國國家梯準(CNS ) A4说格(210 X 2?7公釐) 一 5 1 —.n I— I H 11 -I - He I 婧先閱讀背面之注-^項#填寫: 订 線 «濟部中央揉率f工消费合作社印裝 415927 A7 _B7__五、發明説明(3 ) 對提供一微細隔槽、剛性泡沬組成將有高度需求,其 具有改良之液體吸收性/吸附性與保持性,其不像舊法之 泡沬一樣堅硬,使當用作花藝泡沬供挿技花挿入,於將挿 枝花挿入泡沬時,硬度不會限制大莖部花卉之使用,且不 會損害花莖,其不含有害濃度之聚合副產物,譬如氟化鈉 ,後者有害挿枝花之壽命,不需添加昂貴之著色劑,因此 爲所f要且適合花藝使用者〇 又有高度需求於提供一泡沬組成,其適合並有用於作 爲植物與其他農藝挿枝、種子、幼苗、育苗原種、樹木之 一繁殖媒介或料塊_作爲土壤調整劑、覆蓋物等〇 又有高度需求於提供此一泡沬組成,其費用便宜,利 用廢棄物,稻殼灰具遍佈擴散之活性碳,並具有價値之副 產物,適合於各種產業而可被接受〇 本發明綜沭 本發明目的爲一剛性泡沬組成及其製造方法,其製造 一種微細隔槽、剛性泡沬,具有一硬度爲使挿枝花與植物 修枝可迅速且輕易地挿入該泡沫內,而於其等揷入時不損 壞莖部或修枝•其使用不定形氧化矽之苛性溶液,含有由 具擴散性碳之'稻殼灰經熱裂解衍生之碳,後者因此而被活 性化,其活性碳於通過苛性消化時如同一惰性材料,並與 該不定形氧化矽之隔槽構造協同作用,以較舊法之泡沬吸 收/吸附及保持更多之液體,且其無水溶性氟化鈉與泡沬 製造程序中其他之副產物與反應物。出人意料地,熱裂解 與苛性消化減小活性碳粒子之尺寸,使其等不致使泡沬之 本紙張尺度逍用中困國家橾準(CNS > Uio X297公釐) {請先聞饋背面之注f項再填寫本頁 裝. 訂 線 415927 經濟部中央搮率f工消费合作社印装 A7 B7_五、發明説明(4 ) 隔槽構造破裂,如此,改良液體吸收性/吸附性。 本發明之程序爲藉由將一苛性矽酸鹽溶液混合物泡沫 化來製造剛性泡沬組成,該溶液包含不定形氧化矽,由稻 殼灰苛性消化所衍生,該稻殻灰含有於熱裂解時形成而於 苛性消化時爲一惰性物質之活性碳》—表面張力抑制劑* —聚合物形成劑及纖維質家族之强化纖維材料,譬如棉絮 〇活举碳與所形成泡沬組成之微細隔槽構造協同作用•而 不加干擾,以吸收/吸附及保持液體,且其粒子尺寸被熱 裂解與苛性消化所減小,使其不致使泡沬組成之隔槽構造 破裂。任何及所有泡沬化之副產物被移除,包括氟化鈉、 過剩之反應物及表面張力抑制劑0 現行於市場可獲得之稻殻灰爲於爐內氣化或燃燒或氧 化稻殼所產生。熱裂解爲一化學變化,其經由施加熱量而 發生於一物質上〇燃燒爲氧化或一化學變化之行爲或程序 ,尤其爲氧化作用,伴隨有熱與光之產生〇於詼二者,主 要爲不定形之稻殼灰被產生•其具有遍佈擴散之活性碳〇 有利地說,於稻殼之熱裂解與所產生稻殼灰之苛性消化期 間,活性碳粒子被減小到尺寸一致地小於市場可獲得之粒 狀活性碳(GAXC)與粉狀活性碳(PAC),而其不使該泡沫 產品之正常隔槽構造破裂〇 爲方便起見* w熱裂解〃之名稱包括燃燒、氣化與任 何及所有形式之熱能,其由稻殼產生稻殼灰及活性碳〇 任何熱裂解被用以從稻殼產生稻殼灰與活性碳之程序 可用於本發明0 本紙張尺度逍用中國國家梂率(CNS ) Μ规格(210 X2!»7公釐) -7- I ·1 I H 1— 1 n. n ^ I I I I 訂— I I I i 1 線 >ίν (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 415927 經濟部中央揉率爲貝工消费合作社印装 A7 B7_五、發明説明(5) 於現行氧化或燃燒程序,生稻殻被連續加入爐頂*而 灰被從底部被連續移除◦爐內溫度一般範圍從800下到約 14 00T,而灰燼於爐內停留時間約三分鐘〇於離爐時,灰 燼被迅速冷卻,以供方便處置〇當以此一方法處理時•氧 化矽保持於一相當純之不定形狀態,而非結晶形式,所知 如石英、鱗石英,或白矽石者。從不定形轉移到結晶狀態 —般發生於當氧化矽被保持於極高溫度譬如2000T較長時 間時。使氧化矽於不定形狀態之重要性爲該氧化矽保持多 孔架構構造,而非遷移形成結晶,且氧化矽之不定形形式 不會造成矽肺病,如此減少謹慎之處置程序〇稻殼之氧化 或燃燒爲時間一溫度相關,而此等殼在此等條件下氧化產 生稻殼灰,其具有由殼氧化使碳活性化形成之碳粒子〇稻 殼之習常燃燒產生重量比從約3百分比到約1 3百分比之活 性碳〇稻殻灰內所出現之活性碳量視燃燒量而定〇若稻殼 灰內被用於泡沬化程序及於泡沬組成內之活性碳量不能有 利地被用於製造花藝、農藝、育苗與園藝用泡沬,此等過 剩之活性碳可由經苛性消化稻殻灰矽酸鹽溶液中被分離, 而爲一種很有價値與極純之活性碳產品。雖然不定形稻殼 灰爲較佳,會S出現有某些結晶之稻殼灰。 於現行之稻殼灰氣化中,爲使用習用之煤之氣化裝備 〇稻殻於一爐內被加熱至約800卞溫度,氣體被收集然後 氧化以產生能量,而包括活性碳之稻殼灰被再生〇活性碳 數量之範圍高達40重量百分比或更多〇任何或所有過剩之 活性碳可以習用過濾程序與裝備被移除,而爲一有價値之 本紙^A逋用中國國家標牟(CNS > A4規格(210X 297公釐) (請先W讀背面之注$項再填寫本頁) 415927 經濟部中央揲準局真工消费合作社印11 A7 B7五、發明説明(6) 用品0 —般言,於市場上之稻殼氧化作爲能量來源中,所產 生之灰包括約百分比之取量金靥,譬如鎂、鉀、鐵、 金呂、妈、跋.與/猛。 從不定形稻殼灰製造苛性矽酸鹽溶液爲一苛性消化程 序〇稻殼灰與苛性溶液譬如氫氧化鈉(NaOH)—起加熱, -.. -------- · ~ 其與固體之氧化矽(Si02)反應產生矽酸納溶液。主要化 學反應特色如下:2NaOH + nSi02 + H20->Na20: n (Si02 )+ Ha0,其中” η”表示氧化矽/鹼之重量比。 於現行之工業標準溶液》該化學式成爲:2NaOH + 3.22 Si O2 + H2 0-> Na2 0 : 3.22 ( Si02 ) + H2 0 〇 除氫氧化鈉外,碳酸鈉/氧化鈣之反應產物、氫氧化 鈉副產物澄清液,與低等級蘇打灰/石灰來源,以及其他 等可被使用於苛性消化程序〇 現有非.從稻殼灰衍生之液體矽酸鈉之市售等級之氧化 矽/鹼之重量比範圍從約1.6到約3.8〇對本發明中稻殼灰 衍生之液體矽酸鈉,此等比率爲令人滿意者0 如前所述,於稻殼之熱裂解與不定形稻殻灰之苛性消 化以產生矽酸'鈉溶液期間,活性碳粒子被減小到尺寸一致 地小於市場可獲得之粒狀活性碳(GAC)與粉狀活性碳(PAC) ,常用破碎之粒狀活性碳尺寸爲12 X 40與8 X 30美國標 準網孔,其直徑範圍分別爲從1,680到425微米與2,38〇到 590微米。市場可獲得之PAC典型具有粒子尺寸爲65到90百 分比通過美國標準325網孔(45微米)篩。從稻殻灰苛性 -------------'------訂---^----:線 /1\ V (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4规格(210X297公釐) -9- 415927 經濟部中央梂率為貝工消费合作社印装 A7 B7_五、發明説明(7 ) 消化所衍生未精製之矽酸鈉溶液中之活性碳具有之粒子尺 寸爲100百分比通過美國標準( 25微米)篩’而平均尺 寸約12微米直徑〇 於苛性矽酸鹽溶液原料中懸浮固體物譬如活性碳之粒 子尺寸甚爲重要,因爲較大粒子將使聚合二氧化矽泡沫產 品之正常隔槽構造破裂0此一破裂造成液體吸收性/吸附 性與保持性被減少0又,較大之碳粒子容易增加硬度,此 於花莖部挿入泡沬時,會便花莖部受到損害0粒子尺寸分 佈亦甚爲重要,因爲較小之碳粒子比較大之粒子吸附更快 〇 本發明之組成包含一W性、微細隔槽之泡沫產品或組 成,其包含由稻殼熱裂解作成之不定形凝結氧化矽,由稻 殼之熱裂解作成且·通過苛性消化程序時爲一惰性材料之活 性碳,後者具有粒子尺寸不致使泡沬組成之微細隔槽構造 破裂,纖維質纖維,及水合水0最好,該泡沬包含重量比 約50到63百分比之充分不定形凝結氧化矽,約4到6百分比 之纖維,約13到2 7百分比之活性碳,約16到19百分比之水 合物,大多數隔槽尺寸爲約到60微米之直徑,具有乾密 度爲從約每立'方呎5.0磅到(;.〇磅•及微量金屬到1.〇〇 因此,本發明之一目的爲提供—泡沬組成及其製造方 法,其泡沬組成經轉少舊法泡沬之硬度,其具有改良之液 體吸收性/吸附性與保持性,其無汚染物譬如氟化物或過 剩之反應物,不需添加著色劑,且其中挿枝花莖部、植物 修枝等可迅即並輕易地挿入泡沬內,具有較舊法泡沬少約 本紙遥用中國躅家橾率(CNS > A4说格(2I0X297公釐1 -10- (请先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 4Ιί)ϋ^7 Α7 Β7 五、發明説明(8) 48至56百分比之壓力•而適合花藝與園藝使用,譬如植物 與其他農藝之揷枝、種子、幼苗之繁殖媒介或料塊,或土 壤調整劑、覆蓋物,具有有價値之副產物等〇 本發明另一目的爲提供此一泡沬組成·其費用便宜, 有主要成份爲由廢棄物作成,且其具有價値之副產物可產 業所接受〇 乎發明其他及進一步目的、特色與優點爲於整個專利 說明與申請專利範圍中說明,並爲本發明所固有。 目前較佳具體形式詳述 本發明目標爲一程序與一泡沬產品,其使用一由稻殼 熱裂解所獲得稻殼灰之苛性消化產生之一苛性矽酸鹽溶液 〇活性碳於此一程序中產生,其通過苛性消化時'如同一惰 性材料,且其粒子尺寸爲不致使泡沬產品之隔槽構造破裂 〇該泡沬產品內之活性碳與隔槽構造協同作用,以吸收/ 吸附及保持大體上較舊法泡沬更多之液體。 經濟部-6-央標率局貝工消费合作社印装 (請先聞讀背面之注意Ϋ項·!!填疼本頁) 本發明之方法包含將一苛性矽酸鹽溶液之混合物泡沫 化,該溶液由稻殼灰之苛性消化所衍生,該稻殼灰含有由 稻殼熱裂解所形成並於之擴散之活性碳,其於苛性消化程 序中如同一惰k物質,且其粒子尺寸減小爲不致使所形成 泡沬產品之隔槽構造破裂,一表面張力抑制劑,一聚合物 形成劑與惰性之强化纖維,移除副產物、過剩之反應物與 張力表面抑制劑,及將所形成泡沬組成形成所要之構造形 狀,譬如三維固體形狀,適合花藝、農藝、育苗與園藝用 之形狀與媒介〇最好爲花藝形狀,所形成固體形狀噴灑一 本紙張尺度適用中國國家揉準(CNS > A4規格(210X297公釐) -11- 輕濟!^央橾準為員工消费合作杜印氧 415927 A7 _____B7__五、發明説明(9) 聚合物溶液,後者會使灰應減至最小,及一保存劑以延長 挿枝花之壽命,其等之莖部爲挿入該固體形狀內。 所形成泡沬爲一剛性、微細隔槽之泡沬產品或組成, 包含由稻殼熱裂解作成之不定形凝結氧化矽,由稻殼熱裂 解作成之活性碳,且後者於通過苛性消化程序時如同一惰 性物質,具有一粒子尺寸不致使泡沬組成之微細隔槽構造 破裂/纖維質纖維,及水合水〇最好,該泡沬包含重量比 約50到63百分比之充分不足形凝結氧化矽,約4到6百分比 之纖維,約13到27百分比之活性碳,約16到19百分比之水 合物,大多數隔槽尺寸爲約到6 0微米直徑,具有乾密度 爲從約每立方呎5 . 〇磅到6 . 0磅,及微量金屬0 . 5到1 .0 〇以 下範例1爲本發明製造泡沫組成之目前較佳方法0 範例1 一由稻殼灰(RHA)作成之不定形矽酸鈉溶液經分析, 以確定Si02/Na20比率,溶解固體物(Si:Na固體物), 懸浮固體物(碳+未反應MA),總固體物及未精製RHA矽 酸鈉中水之重量百分比0在有關使用聚合物形成劑之數量 上,此等性質對整體化學反應平衡甚爲重要。 由RH A作^之不定形矽酸鈉以2. 6重量百分比之棉絮强 化纖維( 260微米長度)預混,其使用一機械攪拌器0 氟矽酸鈉(SFS,較佳之聚合物形成劑)經分析,以 確定水溶液中固體之百分比0較佳SFS固體範圍爲水溶液 重量比之50百分比到60百分比。 一表面張力抑制劑最好爲妥爾油混合物’其製備爲混 張尺度逋用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4规^ (Yl〇X297公«:) -12- (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 415927 經濟部中央揉率局員工消費合作社印家 A7 B7__ 五、發明説明(10) 合8 0百分比之蒸飽妥爾油與2〇百分比之油酸0 三個原料饋送流置於適當尺寸之槽或容器’其由管路 系統連接到正移位泵。較佳之泵爲R〇bbins Myers M〇yno (商標)泵,可抽泵具磨損性固體之黏滯性泥漿0 各泵爲於無水基礎(反應固體物基礎)上按以下比例 被設定以饋送該三個劑流:Na20:Si0a— 1〇〇重量份量/ Na2SiFB-36.83重量份量/妥爾油混合物一 2重量(液體) 份量。此爲達成百分比完全反應之準確理論化學計量 比例。於實際施作時*饋送比例之變化爲從低比例之100 份之Na20: 3丨02對41.7份之SFS;到高比例之份之Na20 :3丨02對33.8份之3卩3〇較佳比例爲儘實際可能靠近化學 計量値,以減少未反應成份,後者須以進—步之處理從該 泡沬中移除0 各反應物被泵送至一連續、高速(500 - 600 RPM)、 高剪力攪拌器,其產生濕泡沬,配送入塑模內0市場有許 多可獲得之攪拌器,包括由以下所製造者:E. T. Oakes 公司(較佳)’ P e r p e t ua 1 Ma c h i n e 公司 ’ Ch a r 1 e 3 Ro s s & Son公司,及其他者。因此,應該不需要或提供詳細說 明〇 ' 壓縮空氣或氮被注入詼攪拌器內,其比率爲以產生所 要濕泡沬密度範圍爲每立方呎I2到磅。較低密度減小水 之保持性,因其使隔槽氣孔較大。較高密度使該泡沬供花 藝與園藝使用爲太硬〇 濕泡沬經一附著於攪拌器出口之軟管配送到各塑模內 Λ1 V 請先W讀背面之注意事項再填寫本萸 -'*Λ. -訂— 線 本紙張尺度逋用中爾國家梂率(CNS > Α4规格(210X297公釐) -13- 415927 A7 B7 經濟部中夾揉率為Λ工消费合作杜印家 五、發明説明(11 ) *其被填充到其容量,然後以一濕障壁之頂部覆蓋σ 塑模內之濕泡沐容許凝固於定位一段時間爲24到48小 時,以容許過剩液體排除與養護反應0 然後潮溼泡沬從塑模被移除,並置於一滲出設備’以 移除不要之副產品、氟化鈉(NaF )、任何過剩之反應物’ 及任何妥爾油混合物之殘餘物0 、該滲出程序之完成爲以熱水( 200 - 210T)流經該泡 沬產品一段時間爲二到三小時0此移除水溶性NaF »並將 其他汚染物沖出隔槽構造。此一滲出程序爲時間一溫度相 關,而可以冷水經一較長時間來完成〇熱水滲出後隨一冷 水滲出約相同時間,以冷卻並開放泡沬內隔槽0有利方面 說,NaF可被沉澱或蒸餾離渗出液,而以習闬程序被再生 。被再生之NaF爲97百分匕純度,因此爲商品級者,可於 市場銷售〇 該二滲出程序之進展爲由經常量測滲出水之PH、總溶 解固體物(TDS.)及氟離子作監測。此一程序之完成爲當 從泡沫產品之滲出液接近原來起始*龍頭〃水之相同PH、 TDS及氟離子濃度時。 然後該泡'沬產品由强迫性對流與紅外線加熱器所乾燥 〇 乾燥後,該泡沬產品被切成所要之三維形狀與尺寸, 譬如磚形或可被硏磨或破碎以作爲覆蓋物、土壤改良劑等 〇對花藝泡沬產品而言,此約爲9吋乘4吋乘3吋之矩形磚 塊〇 ----------— ··· (請先閱讀背面之注意Ϋ項再填W^I' 本紙張尺度適用中两國家揉率(CNS ) Α4祝格(210Χ297公釐) -14- 415927 娌濟部中央橾率局貞工消费合作杜印裝 A7 ____B7___五、發明説明(12) 然後一聚合物溶液噴灑於磚塊之外部表面上·以使運 送時之灰塵與粒子移駐減到£少0 花藝用泡沬有一商用保存劑噴灑劑,連同聚合物溶液 —起施加0 一花藝、園藝、育苗與農藝用泡沫組成,在有關液體 吸收性、吸附性及保持性與1'柔軟度"上具有可接受之性質 ,其如上所述使用稻殼灰矽酸鈉組成所製成〇 於範例1之程序所製成泡沬組成之性質與組成爲在以 下表1·所說明之範圍內; 表1 乾密度 每立方呎5.0到6.0磅 二氧化矽(Si 02 ) 52.34到62.83重查百分比 活性碳 13.10到26.81重量百分比 棉花 4.70對5.49重量百分比 水合水 1 5 . 7 4到1 8 . 9 3重量百分比 氟化鈉(NaF). < 3 ppm 微量金屬 0.5到1.0重量百分比 衆所周知任何量之水溶性聚合物加入花藝泡沬產品會 對挿入泡沬之~花卉產生有害結果〇因此,用以使'"灰塵狀 "減至最少之較佳化合物爲聚乙JSHt咯酮、PVP K-15或 PVP K-30,其爲較低分子量之聚合物。其他可被使用之聚 合物包括:聚乙二醇(PEG)、壓克力或丙舞醒胺聚合物、 澱粉基具側技之丙弟醯胺、某些乙酸乙烯酯聚合物及其他 〇此等皆可從市場獲得,而應該不需要或提供其詳細說明 本紙張尺度逍用中®困家梂率(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐} *15"· —:-------装— t · (讀先W讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁 訂 線 經濟部中央揉準局員工消费合作杜印*. 415927 a? B7 五、發明説明(13) 〇 PVP聚合物爲ISP Technologies公司所製造。而爲噴髮 劑活性成分之一 〇 最好,以饋送原料之重量而言,稻殼灰苛性矽酸鹽溶 液包含7S百分比到81百分比,稻殼灰矽酸鹽溶液之洁性碳 包含6百分比到15百分比,並具有粒子尺寸最大達2 5微米 ,而最好直徑約12微米。表面張力抑制劑包含1 .〇〇百分比 到2. 00百分比,聚合物形成劑溶液包含從17. 〇〇百分比到 22 .ί»ϋ百分比,而强化纖維2 . 00百分比到;J . 〇0百分比〇 雖然棉絮爲較佳之强化纖維,其他强化纖維可被使用 ,誓如纖維質纖維。各强化纖維不應太硬,因其等將增加 泡沬之硬度。强化纖維之長度不應太長,致使泡沬之隔槽 構造破裂並減低水之保持性,且不太短,致減小泡沬之凝 聚强度性質。纖維長度之満意範圍爲從2 50到300微米,而 2 60微米爲目前較佳者,且爲市場上可獲得之標準長度。 任何需要之表面張力抑制劑可被使用,最好爲來自脂 肪酸、松脂酸、.椰子脂肪酸、妥爾油脂肪酸(FA-3)等之化 學家族〇 較佳之保存劑可從Fl〇ralife公司由市場獲得〇其他 保存劑包括〆山梨酸、山梨酸鉀、安息香酸及其他。此等 皆可從市場獲得,而應該不需要或提供其詳細說明0 最後,苛性矽酸鹽溶液之活性碳爲高於本文所說明之 較佳上限,其可以習用過濾程序與裝置被移除,此可從市 場上迅即獲得,譬如 EIMC0 Process Equipment » Kason公 司,Frontier Technology公司.及其他。必要時,苛性 本紙張尺度適用中國國家搮準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) -16— (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
T 415927 at ___B7_ 五、發明説明(14) 矽酸鹽溶液之所有活性碳可被移除,而作爲用品於市場分 離銷售〇 節例2 以下爲以舊法程序製造花藝泡沬產品之一範例〇 所用程序爲經由正移位泵*將三個饋送原料流注入一 Oakes之高速、高剪力之搅拌器〇 —市售(非稻殼灰)矽 酸鈉流,經以2.6重量百分比之濃度與棉絮(260微米長度 )預混合〇如此,於58到59百分比水溶液中之總固體物( 溶解性+懸浮性)爲於41到42百分比之範圍。聚合物形成 劑流於45.5百分比水溶液中爲53百分比之氟矽酸鈉粉末( 粒子尺寸爲5微米)加上1.5百分比之色素固體物〇表面張 力抑制劑流爲包含80百分比之蒸餾妥爾油與20百分比之油 酸〇矽酸鈉/棉絮泥漿被於注入攪拌器之前被加熱到105 T 至11 0T 〇 此減小粘滯性並增加與氟矽酸鈉反應率。饋送 比例爲:濕性基礎一300份之矽酸鈉泥漿對77份之氟矽酸 鈉泥漿對6份妥爾油混合物液體,或乾固體基礎:100份 之心20 : 3.223102固體對36.4份之!^23丨?6固體對2份之 妥爾油混合物液體。空氣或氮於進入攪拌器之前以8〇-100 psig壓力注入>酸鈉流。攪拌器之操作爲於500-600 ΚΡΜ ,於攪拌器頭之回壓爲40-S0 psigo 泡沬產品爲經一軟管從攪拌器出口配送到各塑模內0 各塑模被填充至其容量後,一濕障壁覆蓋置於頂部,以維 持接近100百分比之濕度0 泡沬產品容許停留於塑模內超 過24小時之時間.,以容許聚合化之進行並提供過剩水之排 本紙張尺度逋用中國®家標率(CNS ) A4规格(210x297公釐) —17* 請先Μ讀背面之注$項存填寫本f 訂-I. 線 «濟$央搮準爲β;工消费合作社印箪 Μ濟部中戎樣率ΐ工消费合作社印策 415927 A7 ___B7__五、發明説明(U) 水〇於塑模內之泡沬產品具有毎立方呎10到磅之濕密度 Ο 舊法花藝泡沬之聚合化反應產生不必要之副產物氟化 鈉(NaF),其於乾泡沬約爲25百分比之重量濃度〇於花 藝泡沬從各塑模被移出後,需進一步處理以移除NaF、任 何過剩之反應物及殘餘之妥爾油液體〇此一移除之完成爲 藉由反複之滲出處理,其以蘇打灰(Na2C03)與氯化鉀( KC1)之熱(>20〇T)與冷( 70-75T)水溶液。此等反 複處理花費高達7到8小時,其以70到205 Τ溫度範圍之水 溶液。此等處理亦對泡沬產品完成養護之程序〇於滲出處 理後,該花藝泡沬以對流與紅外線加熱器之組合乾燥^到 72小時之時間: 舊法之花藝泡祙產品具有每立方呎4 ·〇到4 · 5磅之乾密 度,具有以下之重量組成:Si 02 = 71百分比,染色色素= 2百分比,棉花=5— 6百分比,而水合水=21到22百分比 ,而需要較範例1之泡沬組成多約50百分比之力量*以將 挿枝花之莖部揷入〇 範例3 此爲嘗^使用市售矽酸鈉溶液製造—可接受之花藝泡 沬產品之一範例,其Si 02 /Na2 0比例爲3. 22對1,及39 .2重 量百分比之Si : Na溶解性固體物於60. 8重量百分比之水溶 液中·》其中加有8 ·〇3重置百分比之市售粒狀活性碳(GAC) ,具20x50美國標準網孔之粒子尺寸( 8 50到300微米直徑 )〇棉絮(260微米尺寸)以3 ·0重量百分比混合,並加入 {請先Μ讀背面之注$項再填I頁) »: 訂- 線 本紙铢尺度遙用中«Β家揉舉(CNS ) Α4说格Ut〇乂297公釐) -18-
Claims (1)
- 正 修 A8ti8c8n8 m經濟部智慧财產局S工消費合作社印较 六〜申請專利範圍 ' -1種製造一剛性隔槽泡沬組成之方法,該組成具有 大多數隔槽之尺寸爲由40到60微米,包含, 將各成份之一混合物泡沬化,包含由稻殼熱裂解之 稻殼灰經苛性消化所衍生之苛性矽酸鹽溶液,而含有熱裂 解時形成之擴散性活性碳* 一表面張力抑制劑,一聚合物 形成劑,與惰性之强化纖維,及 t 將副產物包括氟化鈉與未反應成份從該剛性泡沬組 成中移除, 其中活性碳與該剛性隔槽泡沬組成之隔槽協同作用 ,且尺寸爲不致使該剛性隔槽泡沬組成之隔槽兪裂,以吸 收、吸附及保持液體〇 2 .如申請專利範圍第1項之方法·包括,. 將剛性隔槽泡沬組成塑成爲三維形狀〇 1 3 .如申請專利範圍第2項之方法,包括, ' 以一將灰塵減至最少爲有效之聚合物溶液噴灑該三 維形狀〇 4 .如申請專利範圍第2項之方法,包括, 以一當挿枝花挿入所述形狀內時對保存揷枝花壽命 有效之保存劑噴灑該三維形狀〇 5 .如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中, 稻殻灰苛性矽酸鹽溶液佔78重量%到81重量% · 稻殻灰苛性矽酸鹽溶液內之活性碳佔6.00重量%到 15.00重量%,並具有一不大於25微米之粒子直徑, 表面張力抑制劑佔1 . 〇〇重量%到2.00重量%, <請先Μ讀背面之注意事項再填蔦本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中四西家標準(CNSM'l规格(210x297公坌) 正 修 A8ti8c8n8 m經濟部智慧财產局S工消費合作社印较 六〜申請專利範圍 ' -1種製造一剛性隔槽泡沬組成之方法,該組成具有 大多數隔槽之尺寸爲由40到60微米,包含, 將各成份之一混合物泡沬化,包含由稻殼熱裂解之 稻殼灰經苛性消化所衍生之苛性矽酸鹽溶液,而含有熱裂 解時形成之擴散性活性碳* 一表面張力抑制劑,一聚合物 形成劑,與惰性之强化纖維,及 t 將副產物包括氟化鈉與未反應成份從該剛性泡沬組 成中移除, 其中活性碳與該剛性隔槽泡沬組成之隔槽協同作用 ,且尺寸爲不致使該剛性隔槽泡沬組成之隔槽兪裂,以吸 收、吸附及保持液體〇 2 .如申請專利範圍第1項之方法·包括,. 將剛性隔槽泡沬組成塑成爲三維形狀〇 1 3 .如申請專利範圍第2項之方法,包括, ' 以一將灰塵減至最少爲有效之聚合物溶液噴灑該三 維形狀〇 4 .如申請專利範圍第2項之方法,包括, 以一當挿枝花挿入所述形狀內時對保存揷枝花壽命 有效之保存劑噴灑該三維形狀〇 5 .如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中, 稻殻灰苛性矽酸鹽溶液佔78重量%到81重量% · 稻殻灰苛性矽酸鹽溶液內之活性碳佔6.00重量%到 15.00重量%,並具有一不大於25微米之粒子直徑, 表面張力抑制劑佔1 . 〇〇重量%到2.00重量%, <請先Μ讀背面之注意事項再填蔦本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中四西家標準(CNSM'l规格(210x297公坌) Λ8 m C8 415927 、申請專利範圍 I 聚合物形成劑溶液佔I7.00重量%到22. 00重量% (請先Μ讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ,而 稻殼灰苛性矽酸鹽溶液之惰性强化纖維佔2 . 00重量 %到3 . 00重量% 〇 6 .如申請專利範圍第5項之方法,其中, 表面張力抑制劑包含80%之蒸餾妥爾油混合·物與20 %之油酸, < 聚合物形成劑包含氟矽酸鈉,而 各惰性强化纖維包含棉絮〇 _ 7 .如申請專利範園第1項之方法,其中* 苛性矽酸鹽溶液爲一矽酸鈉溶液。 8 -如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,包括, ' 從所形成泡沬組成使氟化鈉再生〇 9. 一種生成活性碳之方法,包含, (1) 使稻殼在溫度由800 T到1400T之爐內停留時 間三分鐘予以熱裂解,生成含有不定形固態矽石及活性碳 之稻殼灰; 經濟部智慧財產局貝工消費合作杜印黎 (2) 將得自步驟(1)之稻殼灰消化生成一苛性矽酸 鹽溶液,含有擴散於該苛性矽酸鹽溶液之該固態矽石及該 活性碳/方法爲於一封閉之容器內使含有該活性碳之該固 態矽石在氫氧化鈉、碳酸鈉/氧化鈣反應產物、氫氧化鈉 副產物澄清液、或低等級蘇打灰/石灰來源之苛性溶液中 ,於周圍溫度至27 5 T之溫度範圍內反應;以及 (3) 藉過濾將該活性碳自該苛性矽酸鹽溶液分離〇 本紙張Κ度適用中因闼家標準(CNSM1说格mo X烈7公犮) 415927 A8 H8 C8 Π8 經濟部智慧財產局&工消货合作社印软 六、申請專利範圍 10 · —種具隔槽構造之剛性泡沬組成,包含, 二氧化矽,由稻殼灰所衍生,並具有由稻殼熱裂解 之擴散性活性碳粒子,隔槽構造之大多數隔槽尺寸爲由40 到6 0微米,活性碳粒子尺寸爲不致使剛性泡沫組成之隔槽 破裂,强化之纖維質纖維,水合物與少於3. 00 ppm之氟化 鈉副產物, 一乾密度爲每立方呎重量由5.0磅到6.0磅,· 其中該組成具有一硬度對挿枝花之挿入爲有效用, 而於其等挿入刚性泡沬組成時不損壞其等之莖鄣〇 11 .如申請專利範圍第10項之剛性泡沬組成,其中, 二氧化矽佔50重量%到63重量%,水合物佔15重量 %到1 9重量%, , 强化繊維質纖維佔4. 50重量%到5.5〇重量% * 活性碳粒子佔13重量;^到27重量%,並具有不超過 25微米之直徑,且包括0.500到1.00之微量金屬。 1 2 .如申請專利範圍第1 〇項之剛性泡沬組成,其中强化 之纖維質纖維包含棉絮〇 13.—種活性碳,在天然狀態下具有直徑不超過25微米 之粒徑,而平均尺寸爲12微米〇 本紙張尺度適用中®因家標準(CNSM4规格(210 X 297公犮> <請先閱續背面之注^^項再填寫本頁) 裝---- 訂· -------線
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US64292596A | 1996-05-06 | 1996-05-06 | |
US08/677,875 US5714000A (en) | 1996-05-06 | 1996-07-10 | Fine-celled foam composition and method |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
TW415927B true TW415927B (en) | 2000-12-21 |
Family
ID=27094144
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
TW86105966A TW415927B (en) | 1996-05-06 | 1997-05-05 | Fine-celled foam composition and method |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5714000A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0897377A4 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2000513691A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1216971A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU716778B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9709059A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2253198A1 (zh) |
IL (1) | IL126684A (zh) |
TW (1) | TW415927B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1997042131A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (46)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6114280A (en) * | 1996-05-06 | 2000-09-05 | Agritec, Inc. | Highly activated carbon from caustic digestion of rice hull ash and method |
US6375735B1 (en) * | 1996-05-06 | 2002-04-23 | Agritec, Inc. | Precipitated silicas, silica gels with and free of deposited carbon from caustic biomass ash solutions and processes |
US6409817B1 (en) * | 1996-05-06 | 2002-06-25 | Agritec, Inc. | Fine-celled foam composition and method having improved thermal insulation and fire retardant properties |
US6537947B1 (en) * | 1997-04-11 | 2003-03-25 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Activated carbons from low-density agricultural waste |
US20020081247A1 (en) * | 2000-12-26 | 2002-06-27 | Dodson Christopher E. | Apparatus and method for producing amorphous silica ash |
US20030096900A1 (en) * | 2001-11-16 | 2003-05-22 | Holden Brian David | Organic plant derived precipitated silica aggregates, elastomers reinforced therewith and articles such as tires with component thereof |
US6682667B1 (en) * | 2002-02-05 | 2004-01-27 | Calgon Carbon Corporation | Method for producing self-supporting activated carbon structures |
NL1021323C2 (nl) * | 2002-08-23 | 2004-03-08 | Modina B V | Werkwijze voor het bereiden van een schuim op basis van silicaat, schuim verkregen volgens een dergelijke werkwijze alsmede de toepassing hiervan. |
US7264728B2 (en) * | 2002-10-01 | 2007-09-04 | Dow Corning Corporation | Method of separating components in a sample using silane-treated silica filter media |
AU2003284009A1 (en) * | 2002-10-01 | 2004-06-07 | Dow Corning Corporation | Method of separating components in a sample using silane-treated silica filter media |
US20070122529A1 (en) * | 2003-08-21 | 2007-05-31 | Advanced Nutri-Tech Systems Inc. | Fruit sponge |
NZ549499A (en) * | 2004-02-13 | 2010-07-30 | Garry Robert Nunn | Aqueous crystalline biogenic silica and applications using same |
CA2633091A1 (en) * | 2005-12-14 | 2007-07-19 | Mobilestream Oil, Inc. | Microwave-based recovery of hydrocarbons and fossil fuels |
WO2007117754A2 (en) * | 2006-02-02 | 2007-10-18 | Novak John F | Method and apparatus for microwave reduction of organic compounds |
US7480130B2 (en) * | 2006-03-09 | 2009-01-20 | Avx Corporation | Wet electrolytic capacitor |
US7511943B2 (en) * | 2006-03-09 | 2009-03-31 | Avx Corporation | Wet electrolytic capacitor containing a cathode coating |
ES2344860T3 (es) * | 2007-02-23 | 2010-09-08 | Molnlycke Health Care Ab | Estructura de espuma que contiene particulas. |
US20080232032A1 (en) | 2007-03-20 | 2008-09-25 | Avx Corporation | Anode for use in electrolytic capacitors |
US7554792B2 (en) * | 2007-03-20 | 2009-06-30 | Avx Corporation | Cathode coating for a wet electrolytic capacitor |
US7649730B2 (en) | 2007-03-20 | 2010-01-19 | Avx Corporation | Wet electrolytic capacitor containing a plurality of thin powder-formed anodes |
US7460356B2 (en) | 2007-03-20 | 2008-12-02 | Avx Corporation | Neutral electrolyte for a wet electrolytic capacitor |
CN101688070B (zh) * | 2007-04-24 | 2014-02-12 | 卡伯特公司 | 引入了低结构炭黑的涂料组合物和由其形成的器件 |
KR100973744B1 (ko) * | 2007-12-20 | 2010-08-04 | 이세린 | 무기질을 함유하는 다공성 식재용 매질 및 그 제조방법 |
US8691166B2 (en) * | 2008-01-08 | 2014-04-08 | Carbonxt Group Limited | System and method for activating carbonaceous material |
US8023250B2 (en) | 2008-09-12 | 2011-09-20 | Avx Corporation | Substrate for use in wet capacitors |
US8279585B2 (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2012-10-02 | Avx Corporation | Cathode for use in a wet capacitor |
US8223473B2 (en) | 2009-03-23 | 2012-07-17 | Avx Corporation | Electrolytic capacitor containing a liquid electrolyte |
US8345406B2 (en) | 2009-03-23 | 2013-01-01 | Avx Corporation | Electric double layer capacitor |
US8405956B2 (en) * | 2009-06-01 | 2013-03-26 | Avx Corporation | High voltage electrolytic capacitors |
GB2468942B (en) | 2009-03-23 | 2014-02-19 | Avx Corp | High voltage electrolytic capacitors |
US8605411B2 (en) | 2010-09-16 | 2013-12-10 | Avx Corporation | Abrasive blasted conductive polymer cathode for use in a wet electrolytic capacitor |
US8514547B2 (en) | 2010-11-01 | 2013-08-20 | Avx Corporation | Volumetrically efficient wet electrolytic capacitor |
US8259435B2 (en) | 2010-11-01 | 2012-09-04 | Avx Corporation | Hermetically sealed wet electrolytic capacitor |
US8451586B2 (en) | 2011-09-13 | 2013-05-28 | Avx Corporation | Sealing assembly for a wet electrolytic capacitor |
WO2013109787A1 (en) | 2012-01-17 | 2013-07-25 | Laine Richard M | Glycoxy silanes as a source of silica and silicate precipitates |
GB2512486B (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-07-18 | Avx Corp | Wet electrolytic capacitor |
GB2512481B (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-05-30 | Avx Corp | Wet electrolytic capacitor for use at high temperatures |
US10403444B2 (en) | 2013-09-16 | 2019-09-03 | Avx Corporation | Wet electrolytic capacitor containing a composite coating |
US9183991B2 (en) | 2013-09-16 | 2015-11-10 | Avx Corporation | Electro-polymerized coating for a wet electrolytic capacitor |
US9165718B2 (en) | 2013-09-16 | 2015-10-20 | Avx Corporation | Wet electrolytic capacitor containing a hydrogen protection layer |
EA033974B1 (ru) * | 2014-09-22 | 2019-12-16 | Джорджия Тек Рисерч Корпорейшн | Имеющие улучшенную проницаемость половолоконные мембраны на основе углеродного молекулярного сита с сердцевиной, стабилизированной композиционными наночастицами |
KR101610163B1 (ko) * | 2014-10-17 | 2016-04-08 | 현대자동차 주식회사 | 단당류 제조용 고체산 촉매 및 이를 이용하여 해조류로부터 단당류를 제조하는 방법 |
US9870868B1 (en) | 2016-06-28 | 2018-01-16 | Avx Corporation | Wet electrolytic capacitor for use in a subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator |
US9870869B1 (en) | 2016-06-28 | 2018-01-16 | Avx Corporation | Wet electrolytic capacitor |
EP3759049B1 (en) | 2018-03-02 | 2022-04-06 | Pörner Ingenieurgesellschaft M.B.H. | Sustainable silicates and methods for their extraction |
IT202200008441A1 (it) * | 2022-04-28 | 2023-10-28 | Giovanbattista Salzano | Processo per la produzione di materiali alcali-attivati (AAM), prodotti ottenibili con detto processo e materiali termoisolanti comprendenti detti prodotti AAM |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3856539A (en) * | 1970-12-04 | 1974-12-24 | Southwest Res Inst | Solidified silica foam product and process |
US3741898A (en) * | 1971-07-09 | 1973-06-26 | Southwest Res Inst | Foamed product from sodium silicate and process of manufacture thereof |
US3875077A (en) * | 1973-03-28 | 1975-04-01 | Yasuhiro Sanga | Method of and apparatus for producing activated charcoal from waste tires |
JPS5190995A (en) * | 1975-02-07 | 1976-08-10 | Ryujokatsuseitanno seizohoho | |
GB1511398A (en) * | 1975-12-26 | 1978-05-17 | Shikoko Kaken Kogyo Kk | Process for preparing a foamed body |
US4488908A (en) * | 1983-01-24 | 1984-12-18 | Molly Maguire, Inc. | Process for preparing a lightweight expanded silicate aggregate from rice hull ash |
JPS61295219A (ja) * | 1985-06-21 | 1986-12-26 | Eiichi Sato | 活性炭 |
GB8717861D0 (en) * | 1987-07-28 | 1987-09-03 | Enviroguard Inc | Soluble silicates |
DE68909627T2 (de) * | 1988-02-10 | 1994-05-11 | Mitsubishi Chem Ind | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Aktivkohle. |
JPH0297414A (ja) * | 1988-10-01 | 1990-04-10 | Kansai Coke & Chem Co Ltd | 高品質活性炭の製造法 |
DD276671A1 (de) * | 1988-11-08 | 1990-03-07 | Akad Wissenschaften Ddr | Verfahren zur herstellung von natriumsilikatloesungen aus reisschalenaschen |
GB8923662D0 (en) * | 1989-10-20 | 1989-12-06 | Norit Uk Ltd | A method of producing granular activated carbon |
CA2057184C (en) * | 1990-12-13 | 1996-11-19 | Hisaki Abe | Active carbon materials, process for the preparation thereof and the use thereof |
IT1258248B (it) * | 1992-11-06 | 1996-02-22 | Eniricerche Spa | Procedimento per la produzione di carbone attivo |
US5503931A (en) * | 1993-05-10 | 1996-04-02 | Goodman, Sr.; Elstun F. | Moisture absorbing material and methods of production |
US5726118A (en) * | 1995-08-08 | 1998-03-10 | Norit Americas, Inc. | Activated carbon for separation of fluids by adsorption and method for its preparation |
-
1996
- 1996-07-10 US US08/677,875 patent/US5714000A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-05-01 BR BR9709059A patent/BR9709059A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-05-01 IL IL12668497A patent/IL126684A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-05-01 WO PCT/US1997/007530 patent/WO1997042131A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-05-01 CA CA 2253198 patent/CA2253198A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-05-01 CN CN97194324A patent/CN1216971A/zh active Pending
- 1997-05-01 AU AU27524/97A patent/AU716778B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-05-01 EP EP97921501A patent/EP0897377A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-05-01 JP JP54009997A patent/JP2000513691A/ja active Pending
- 1997-05-05 TW TW86105966A patent/TW415927B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-11-24 US US08/977,524 patent/US5858911A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IL126684A0 (en) | 1999-08-17 |
AU716778B2 (en) | 2000-03-09 |
JP2000513691A (ja) | 2000-10-17 |
WO1997042131A1 (en) | 1997-11-13 |
BR9709059A (pt) | 2000-01-04 |
EP0897377A1 (en) | 1999-02-24 |
AU2752497A (en) | 1997-11-26 |
IL126684A (en) | 2001-05-20 |
US5858911A (en) | 1999-01-12 |
CN1216971A (zh) | 1999-05-19 |
CA2253198A1 (en) | 1997-11-13 |
EP0897377A4 (en) | 2000-05-24 |
US5714000A (en) | 1998-02-03 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
TW415927B (en) | Fine-celled foam composition and method | |
CN107406325A (zh) | 地质聚合物复合材料和可膨胀乙烯基芳香族聚合物颗粒及包含该颗粒的膨胀乙烯基芳香族聚合物泡沫 | |
US6395084B1 (en) | Platelet/flake magnesium oxide, methods of making the same, and magnesium oxychloride/oxysulfate ceramic materials | |
CN104387540B (zh) | 用于育苗或插花的可降解泡沫组合物及其制造方法与应用 | |
US6409817B1 (en) | Fine-celled foam composition and method having improved thermal insulation and fire retardant properties | |
BE1000246A5 (fr) | Milieu de croissance pour plantes. | |
NO115087B (zh) | ||
WO2005053691A3 (en) | Nicotine delivery product and method for producing it | |
CN102329275A (zh) | 一种三氯异氰尿酸和二氯异氰尿酸钠的制备方法 | |
JPS593924B2 (ja) | 成型された次亜塩素酸カルシウム組成物 | |
CN101239839A (zh) | 微晶玻璃水洗球的制备方法 | |
US5099605A (en) | Growing medium for plants | |
CN1050559A (zh) | 生活器皿洗涤剂及其制法 | |
AU715235B2 (en) | Method of producing activated carbon | |
KR20000010781A (ko) | 미세 기포화 발포체 조성물 및 이의 제조방법 | |
JPH0151468B2 (zh) | ||
MXPA98009244A (en) | Composition of fine cells foam and method for your producc | |
CN109320915A (zh) | 一种环保装饰材料及其制备方法 | |
US2239925A (en) | Process of producing porous plaster and product thereof | |
CN110396042A (zh) | 一种辛葵酸亚锡的制备方法 | |
EP2882837A1 (en) | Gel composition for cleaning pipelines and pipe-networks and the use thereof | |
JPS6340716A (ja) | シリカ・エ−ロゲル及び歯磨き用組成物 | |
KR101661190B1 (ko) | 보르도액 제조용 조성물 | |
JP7316413B2 (ja) | 育苗培土の製造方法、育苗培土の製造キット、育苗培土及び培土混合物 | |
CN102397782B (zh) | 用于去除水中亚硝胺的过滤介质及其制备方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
GD4A | Issue of patent certificate for granted invention patent | ||
MM4A | Annulment or lapse of patent due to non-payment of fees |