TW201728165A - 用於網頁為基的即時通訊以存取網際網路協定多媒體子系統的架構 - Google Patents

用於網頁為基的即時通訊以存取網際網路協定多媒體子系統的架構 Download PDF

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TW201728165A
TW201728165A TW106111401A TW106111401A TW201728165A TW 201728165 A TW201728165 A TW 201728165A TW 106111401 A TW106111401 A TW 106111401A TW 106111401 A TW106111401 A TW 106111401A TW 201728165 A TW201728165 A TW 201728165A
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ims
cscf
sip
access
webrtc
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TW106111401A
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TWI688275B (zh
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單長虹
姆西亞 凡卡塔其蘭
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英特爾智財公司
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Abstract

本文大致上說明提供一種用於網頁為基的即時通訊(WebRTC)以存取網際網路協定(IP)多媒體子系統(IMS)的架構之實施例。在一些實施例中，係一起提供一非-IMS使用者設備(UE)以及一與該非-IMS UE共置之應用程式傳訊網接功能(ASIF)。該非-IMS UE係被配置以將一註冊訊息傳送至該ASIF，用於以一IMS核心註冊該非-IMS UE。該ASIF係被配置以將來自該非-IMS UE的該註冊訊息轉譯至IMS為基的傳訊，以及使用該被轉譯至IMS為基的傳訊之該註冊訊息，以該IMS核心註冊該非-IMS UE。

Description

用於網頁為基的即時通訊以存取網際網路協定多媒體子系統的架構
本發明係關於一種用於網頁為基的即時通訊以存取網際網路協定多媒體子系統的架構。
網際網路協定(Internet Protocol,IP)會談(session)係涉及為交換資訊封包之目的，經由路由器、纜線以及交換器所組成的網路於二個裝置之間的連線。舉例來說，網頁瀏覽器可與一網站建立以IP為基的(IP-based)超文件傳送協定安全(Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure,HTTPS)會談，以便取回資訊。在另一範例中，一裝置可與另一運算裝置建立一會談啟動協定(Session Initiation Protocol,SIP)會談，例如，以進行電話呼叫。
最近網頁瀏覽器開始採用網頁即時通訊(Web Real-Time Communication,WebRTC)協定，以在瀏覽器用戶之間建立即時的聲音與視訊會談。WebRTC能透過簡單的JavaScript API應用程式介面，讓網頁瀏覽器具有即時通 訊(Real-Time Communications,RTC)能力。網頁平台能夠提供廣泛的內容檢視，提供開發者「寫入一次，隨處部署(write-once deploy-everywhere)」的模式，並支援服務提供者部署全球性的服務。以HTML5為例的瀏覽器技術進步，加上網頁平台納入即時通訊的工作持續發展，開創了結合通訊與資料的新契機，並提升了使用者的使用經驗。
IP多媒體子系統(IP Multimedia Subsystem)，或IP多媒體核心網路子系統(IP Multimedia Core Network Subsystem,IMS)，係用於傳遞IP多媒體服務的結構性框架。IMS主要是基於會談啟動協動協定(SIP)，其為用於IP網路的大量即時媒體會談協定，因此，IMS需要使用SIP為基的端點(endpoint)和用戶端軟體(soft-client)來註冊與支援服務的使用者。IMS架構的設計是用以從存取網路中分離出由固網(傳統電信公司)、行動網路(傳統蜂巢式網路)，以及整合服務提供者(有線業者和其他提供例如語音、視訊和資料服務之triple-play的廠商)等所提供的服務。
具有IMS功能的終端在使用者設備(user equipment,UE)上使用應用程式以傳送與接收SIP要求。然而具有IMS功能的終端可以是PC上實施的軟體，或者IP電話上的軟體等。再者，WebRTC用戶端賦能裝置，像是UE，並沒有包括IMS用戶端功能，因此無法存取IMS核心。
100‧‧‧IMS架構
108‧‧‧端點與傳輸層
110‧‧‧傳輸層
112‧‧‧存取網路
114‧‧‧IP連接性存取網路
116‧‧‧存取邊界閘道器
118‧‧‧政策決定功能
120‧‧‧IPv4/IPv6骨幹
121‧‧‧邊界閘道器
122‧‧‧IPv6封包資料網路
124‧‧‧IPv4封包資料網路
126‧‧‧媒體資源功能
128‧‧‧媒體資源功能控制器
130‧‧‧媒體資源功能處理器
132‧‧‧IP多媒體子系統IP閘道器
134‧‧‧線路交換網路
136‧‧‧應用階層閘道器
138‧‧‧轉移閘道器
140‧‧‧IMS媒體閘道器
150‧‧‧會談與控制層
152‧‧‧呼叫會談控制功能
154‧‧‧歸屬用戶伺服器資料庫
156‧‧‧服務呼叫會談控制功能
158‧‧‧訊問呼叫會談控制功能
160‧‧‧代理伺服器呼叫會談控制功能
162‧‧‧出口閘道器控制功能
164‧‧‧媒體閘道器控制功能
166‧‧‧媒體閘道器
168‧‧‧傳訊閘道器
180‧‧‧應用服務層
182‧‧‧應用程式伺服器
184‧‧‧應用程式
186‧‧‧用戶位置功能
200‧‧‧IMS經營者
202‧‧‧使用者
210‧‧‧WebRTC為基的用戶端/應用程式
212‧‧‧WebRTC功能的瀏覽器
214‧‧‧IMS UE
220‧‧‧網頁伺服器
222‧‧‧IMS伺服器
230‧‧‧網域
300‧‧‧IMS經營者
302‧‧‧使用者
310‧‧‧WebRTC用戶端
312‧‧‧WebRTC功能的瀏覽器
314‧‧‧IMS UE
320‧‧‧WebRTC為基的應用程式伺服器
330‧‧‧網域
332‧‧‧IMS伺服器
400‧‧‧IMS訂閱
402‧‧‧使用者
404‧‧‧發入身分碼
410‧‧‧WebRTC用戶端
412‧‧‧WebRTC功能的瀏覽器
414‧‧‧IMS UE
420‧‧‧網頁伺服器
422‧‧‧IMS訂閱
424‧‧‧IMS公共身分
430‧‧‧網域
432‧‧‧IMS伺服器
434‧‧‧IMS伺服器
500‧‧‧第三方WebRTC為基的應用程式
502‧‧‧使用者
510‧‧‧WebRTC用戶端
512‧‧‧WebRTC功能的瀏覽器
514‧‧‧IMS UE
520‧‧‧網頁伺服器
522‧‧‧IMS訂閱
530‧‧‧IMS經營者網域
532‧‧‧IMS伺服器
560‧‧‧客戶代表
600‧‧‧網路
610‧‧‧非-IMS UE
612‧‧‧WebRTC用戶端
620‧‧‧應用程式傳訊網接功能
622‧‧‧方塊
624‧‧‧方塊
630‧‧‧IMS核心
632‧‧‧代理伺服器呼叫會談控制功能
640‧‧‧Gm介面
642‧‧‧S20介面
700‧‧‧註冊程序
710‧‧‧非-IMS UE
712‧‧‧註冊訊息
720‧‧‧應用程式傳訊網接功能
730‧‧‧IMS核心
740‧‧‧IMS註冊程序
750‧‧‧SIP 200 OK訊息
800‧‧‧會談設定程序
810‧‧‧IMS UE
812‧‧‧HTIP會談設定訊息互動
820‧‧‧應用程式傳訊網接功能
830‧‧‧IMS核心
832‧‧‧IMS會談設定程序
900‧‧‧機器
902‧‧‧硬體處理器
904‧‧‧記憶體
906‧‧‧靜態記憶體
908‧‧‧互連
910‧‧‧顯示單元
912‧‧‧字母與數字輸入裝置
914‧‧‧使用者介面(UI)瀏覽裝置
916‧‧‧儲存裝置
918‧‧‧訊號產生裝置
920‧‧‧網路介面裝置
921‧‧‧感測器
922‧‧‧機器可讀取媒體
924‧‧‧資料結構或指令
926‧‧‧通訊網路
928‧‧‧輸出控制器
圖1所示為根據一實施例之IMS架構；圖2所示為IMS UE使用WebRTC用戶端以存取IMS經營者所有的網頁伺服器；圖3所示為IMS UE使用WebRTC用戶端以存取第三方所有的網頁伺服器；圖4所示為IMS UE使用WebRTC用戶端以存取一具有IMS訂閱的網頁伺服器；圖5所示為一匿名使用者經由一第三方WebRTC為基的應用程式取得IMS服務；圖6所示為根據一實施例在一網路內的應用程式傳訊網接功能(ASIF)；圖7所示為根據一實施例的註冊程序；圖8所示為根據一實施例的會談設定程序(Session Setup Procedure)；以及圖9所示為根據一實施例的一示範機器的方塊圖，用於提供有效率的寬頻反向槽化(wideband inverse channelization)，以用於直接數位合成器為基的干擾技術。
【發明內容及實施方式】
以下的實施方式說明及圖式充分地說明特定實施例，俾使熟悉此技藝者能夠予以實施。在其他的實施例中可加入結構、邏輯、電氣、流程，及其他的變化。有些實施例 的部分和特點可被納入或取代其他實施例的部分和特點。在申請專利範圍中所提出的實施例可涵蓋申請專利範圍的可用等效範圍。
根據一實施例，一應用程式傳訊網接功能(Application Signaling Interworking Function,ASIF)係提供用於讓一網頁即時通訊(Web Real-Time Communication,WebRTC)用戶端能夠存取IP多媒體子系統(IP Multimedia Subsystem,IMS)核心。如果沒有ASIF，WebRTC用戶端啟動的使用者設備(user equipment,UE)就不會具有IMS用戶端功能。在UE提供ASIF可以讓UE成為具有IMS功能的UE。因此，經由ASIF讓WebRTC用戶端存取IMS的特點可以讓IMS經營者對於在WebRTC啟動(WebRTC-enabled)的瀏覽器中執行相容的WebRTC-enabled網頁應用程式的使用者提供IMS服務。使用者將可從IMS經營者直接提供或與IMS經營者有業務關係的第三方提供之網頁存取應用。ASIF根據應用程式類型與所有權，支援原有的IMS用戶、第三方用戶，以及匿名使用者。WebRTC延伸了IMS服務的範疇。WebRTC也可延伸目前在網路上的用戶的服務和聯絡範疇，實際達到任何可以執行HTML5瀏覽器的端點。用戶可從任何具有瀏覽器的裝置，例如PC、平板、智慧型手機，以及電視等存取IMS服務，不需要安裝用戶端/應用程式、作業系統版本，或裝置製造商的支援。
圖1所示為根據一實施例之IMS架構(IMS architecture)100。在圖1中，IMS架構10包括三層：第一層包括端點與存取層(Endpoint and Access layer)108以及傳輸層(Transport Layer)110、會談與控制層(Session and Control layer)150，以及應用與服務層(Application and Services Layer)180。傳輸與端點層110將類比、數位，或寬頻格式的傳輸與媒體統合為即時傳輸協定(Real-time Transport Protocol,RTP)與會談啟動協定(Session Initiation Protocol,SIP)。端點與存取層108啟動與中止SIP傳訊、設定會談，以及提供承載服務(bearer service)，包括從類比或數位格式轉換為封包。
在傳輸層110中，存取網路(Access Network,AN)112是包括存取網路路由器的IP網路。IP連接性存取網路(IP Connectivity Access Network,IP CAN)114是提供網際網路協定(IP)連接性的存取網路，根據3GPP IP多媒體子系統(IMS)標準，IP CAN 114可以是任何一種IP為基的存取網路。存取邊界閘道器(Access Border Gateway,ABG)116係作為存取網路以及用來遮蔽服務提供者網路與存取網路的核心網路之間的封包閘道器，終端使用者功能透過存取邊界閘道器116存取封包服務可包括開啟與關閉閘、以封包過濾為基礎的防火牆、流量分類與標記、流量管理與成形、網路位址與埠轉譯等。
政策決定功能(Policy Decision Function,PDF)118負責根據從代理伺服器呼叫會談控制功能(Proxy Call Session Control Function,P-CSCF)160所取得的會談與媒體相關資訊來制定決策，以下將會說明。IPv4/IPv6骨幹(Backbone,BB)120提供攜帶IPv4與IPv6封包的基礎架構。邊界閘道器(Border Gateway)121政策實施與網路位址轉譯(network address translation,NAT)，作為封包資料網路(Packet Data Network,PDN)的閘道器。IPv6封包資料網路(Packet Data Network,PDN)122使用IPv6封包進行通訊，而IPv4封包資料網路(Packet Data Network,PDN)124為使用IPv4封包之網路。媒體由媒體資源功能(Media Resource Function,MRF)126處理，其包括媒體資源功能控制器(Media Resource Function Controller,MRFC)128與媒體資源功能處理器(Media Resource Function Processor,MRFP)130，或稱為媒體伺服器(Media Server,MS)。
IP多媒體子系統IP閘道器(IP Multimedia Subsystem IP gateway,IMS IPGW)132係作為IMS層100與其他網路，例如電路交換(Circuit Switched,CS)網路134、IPv6 PDN 122，以及IPv4 PDN 124等之間的閘道器。CS網路134支援電話呼叫與封包交換網路(packet-switched network)處理的資料。應用階層閘道器(Application Level Gateway,ALG)136在IPv4與IPv6網路之間轉譯SIP與SDP訊息。轉移閘道器(Transition Gateway,TrGW)138提供像是網路位址/埠轉譯以及IPv4/IPv6協定轉譯等功能。IMS媒體閘道器 (IMS Media Gateway,IMS-MGW)140中止來自一交換電路網路的承載頻道與來自一封包網路的媒體流。IMS-MGW 140支援媒體轉換、承載控制，以及酬載處理(payload processing)。
會談與控制層150管理介於各種其它網路元件之間的邏輯連線。會談與控制層150提供端點註冊、SIP訊息路由，以及媒體與傳訊資源的整體協調。會談與控制層包括呼叫會談控制功能(Call Session Control Function,CSCF)152以及歸屬用戶伺服器(Home Subscriber Server,HSS)資料庫154。HSS 154為每一個終端使用者維護服務設定檔，包括註冊資訊、偏好、漫遊、語音郵件選項，以及好友名單。CSCF 152攔截呼叫傳訊並將其傳遞至應用程式服務以便處理。歸屬用戶伺服器(HSS)資料庫154將用戶資料拉進同一介面下。
服務呼叫會談控制功能(Serving Call Session Control Function,S-CSCF)156是IMS的核心，並提供網路內的控制點，讓經營者可以控制服務傳遞與會談。S-CSCF 156係一SIP伺服器，其負責處理用戶的服務型態，維持使用者所啟動的會談的狀態，並且控制與傳遞內容。S-CSCF 156知道使用者所訂閱的服務，它負責聯絡合適的應用程式伺服器(Application Server)182，以啟動此類服務，以下將會說明。
訊問呼叫會談控制功能(Interrogating Call Session Control Function,I-CSCF)158係作為IMS網路的閘道 器，位於每一個管理網域的邊緣。I-CSCF 158允許或拒絕外部網路轉送SIP訊息對經營者網路的存取，藉此保護像是S-CSCF 156與HSS 154等實體。代理伺服器呼叫會談控制功能(Proxy Call Session Control Function,P-CSCF)160是IMS的存取點，並且作為使用者設備(UE)的SIP代理伺服器。
出口閘道器控制功能(Breakout Gateway Control Function(BGCF)162選擇即將產生PSTN出口的網路，比如說，與PSTN連接的網路。媒體閘道器控制功能(Media Gateway Control Function,MGCF)164控制MGW以提供對PSTN幹線的IMS連線，並執行ISUP與SIP之間的協定轉換。媒體閘道器Media Gate(MGW)166與MGCF 164互動，用於資源控制。MGW 166係作為不同電訊網路，像是PSTN、次世代網路(Next Generation Networks)、2G、2.5G，以及3G無線電存取網路或PBX之間的轉譯單位。MGW 166讓次世代網路網路上能夠提供像是ATM和IP等多重傳輸協定的多媒體通訊。MGW 166在被設置為網際網路協定上的語音(Voice over Internet Protocol,VoIP)閘道器(VoIP MGW)時，也可執行TDM語音之間的轉換至VoIP。當MGW 166連接不同類型的網路時，其中一個主要功能是在不同的傳送與編碼技術之間轉換。傳訊閘道器(Signaling Gateway,SGW)168係用來互連不同的傳訊網路，像是SCTP-IP為基的傳訊網路與SS7傳訊網路，並且在傳輸層級執行傳訊 轉換。
應用服務層(Application Services Layer)180包含多種應用程式伺服器(Application Servers,AS)182，例如電信應用程式伺服器(Telephony Application Server,TAS)、IP多媒體服務交換功能(IP Multimedia Services Switching Function,IM-SSF)、開放服務存取閘道器(Open Service Access Gateway,OSA-GW)等。這些伺服器各都負責執行用戶會談的功能，維持通話的狀態。更重要的是，它們在IMS的新世界中銜接傳統的先進智慧網路(Advanced Intelligent Network,AIN)服務。AS 182提供服務執行環境、特定應用程式邏輯(例如按鍵通話(Push To Talk)、線上(Presence)、預付(Prepaid)，以及即時訊息(Instant messaging))，以及用於一或更多服務的傳訊。AS 182可影響並衝擊代表服務之SIP會談並提供應用程式(application)184。用戶位置功能(subscriber location function,SLF)186是位於IP多媒體子系統內的一個實體，IP多媒體子系統提供與一特定使用者設定檔相關的歸屬用戶伺服器(HSS)154的資訊。
圖2所示為IMS UE使用WebRTC用戶端以存取由IMS經營者(IMS operator)200所擁有的網頁伺服器。在圖2中，WebRTC為基的用戶端/應用程式(WebRTC-based client/application)210支援廣泛的IMS用戶端功能。使用者202在IMS UE 214上使用WebRTC用戶端 210，其可包括WebRTC功能的瀏覽器(WebRTC capable browser)212，以存取一網頁伺服器220。網頁伺服器220可以存取IMS伺服器222。網頁伺服器220與IMS伺服器222都在IMS經營者的網域(domain)230內。
圖3所示為IMS UE使用WebRTC用戶端以存取第三方300所擁有的網頁伺服器。在圖3中，使用者302經由第三方WebRTC為基的應用程式伺服器(WebRTC-based application server)320取得IMS服務。使用者302在IMS UE 314上使用WebRTC用戶端(WebRTC client)310，其可包括WebRTC功能的瀏覽器(WebRTC capable browser)312，以存取網頁伺服器320。接著網頁伺服器320存取IMS伺服器332。然而，在圖3中，網頁伺服器320並非IMS經營者的網域330的一部分。反而是，網頁伺服器320與提供IMS經營者的網域330之經營者具有業務關係。歸屬IMS經營者與第三方之間的業務關係可確保使用相容的用戶端應用程式310，且可建立IMS UE 314與網頁伺服器320之間的安全關係。
圖4所示為IMS UE使用WebRTC用戶端以存取一具有IMS訂閱400的網頁伺服器。使用者402在IMS UE 414上使用WebRTC用戶端(WebRTC client)410，其可包括WebRTC功能的瀏覽器(WebRTC capable browser)412，以存取網頁伺服器420。在圖4中，網頁伺服器420的IMS訂閱422具有多個公共身分(public identity)。因此，網頁伺服器420並非IMS經營者的網域430的一 部分。網頁伺服器420可存取IMS伺服器432。使用者402提供登入網頁伺服器420的登入身分碼(login credential)404並經由網頁伺服器420取得暫時的IMS公共身分(public identity)424。
圖5所示為一匿名使用者經由一第三方WebRTC為基的應用程式500取得IMS服務。使用者502在IMS UE 514上使用WebRTC用戶端510，其可包括WebRTC功能的瀏覽器512，以存取網頁伺服器520。網頁伺服器520可存取IMS伺服器532。在圖5中，使用者502也許只能聯絡，舉例來說，IMS經營者的網域530的客戶代表(customer representative)560。同樣地，網頁伺服器520並非IMS經營者的網域530的一部分，不過其IMS訂閱522具有多個公共身分。使用者502可使用網頁伺服器520的IMS公共身分，經由匿名呼叫聯絡IMS經營者的網域530的客戶代表560。
圖6所示為根據一實施例在一網路600內的應用程式傳訊網接功能(ASIF)。在圖6中，非IP多媒體子系統使用者設備(非-IMS UE)610想要存取IMS核心(IMS Core)630的服務。應用程式傳訊網接功能(ASIF)620係與非-IMS UE 610共置，以提供非-IMS UE 610存取IMS核心630的服務所需的功能。
屬於同一族系訂閱的UE可具有IMS功能，而其他的不一定會有。當使用者利用非-IMS UE 610存取行動網路經營者(mobile network operator,MNO)的IMS核心630 時，使用者可先將非-IMS UE 610附接至IMS UE，然後在IMS核心630註冊，以經由IMS UE建立IMS會談。
在使用UE存取IMS核心630時需要註冊。一般來說，SIP UE會自行啟動IMS註冊。不過沒有ASIF 620的非-IMS UE 610就不具備這個功能。所以，ASIF 620會讓非-IMS UE 610提供IMS身份碼。因此，IMS身份碼可能是由非-IMS UE 610透過ASIF 620提供，或者是由IMS UE提供。
而非-IMS UE 610可經由S20介面642存取ASIF 620。所以，S20介面642在非-IMS UE 610與ASIF 620之間提供一個新的參考點。而Gm介面640則是IMS用戶端，比如非-IMS UE 610經由ASIF 620，然後與代理伺服器呼叫會談控制功能Proxy-Cell Session Control Function(P-CSCF)632之間的現行參考點。P-CSCF 632控制用來調整IMS的承載流(bearer flow)的存取閘道器功能。呼叫會談控制功能(CSCF)處理IMS內的SIP傳訊封包。P-CSCF 632是SIP代理伺服器，是UE經由ASIF 620所接觸到的第一個接觸點，可能會位於造訪的網路內(完全符合IMS的網路)，或者是在本地網路內(如果造訪的網路還不是IMS相容的)。
P-CSCF 632維護本地和第三方網路的已知實體間的安全傳輸連線。P-CSCF 632可控制存取閘道器所提供的媒體平面網接功能(media plane interworking function)，其中包括WebRTC專屬的額外媒體平面功能。
ASIF 620將WebRTC為基的應用程式傳訊，例如HTTP/HTML5，轉譯為IMS傳訊，例如在WebRTC用戶端612與IMS核心630之間的應用程式傳訊路徑上的會談啟動協定(Session Initiation Protocol,SIP)。ASIF 620可位於非-IMS UE 610，由方塊622代表，或其他實體624內，像是網頁伺服器、P-CSCF，其他中介功能實體或獨立功能實體，也以方塊622代表。ASIF 620可隸屬於一使用者、一公用地上行動網路(public land mobile network,PLMN)、一IMS經營者，或第三方服務提供者。ASIF 620藉由將網頁為基的傳訊轉譯為IMS為基的傳訊，以協助非-IMS UE 610使用IMS服務。因此，ASIF 620是位於非-IMS UE 610與IMS核心630之間的應用程式傳訊路徑上。
ASIF 620可支援控制平面以及WebRTC用戶端612與IMS核心630之間的媒體平面網接程序的協商。針對非-IMS UE 610與網路間的會談傳訊，可交換資訊以進行IMS核心630的使用者識別、認證，以及註冊等支援選項。
圖7所示為根據一實施例的註冊程序700。非-IMS UE 710以ASIF 720註冊712。這個相當於HTIP註冊訊息。當ASIF 720從非-IMS UE 710接收註冊訊息712，ASIF 720會將註冊訊息轉譯為等效的SIP註冊訊息並以IMS核心730啟動IMS註冊程序740。如果IMS註冊程序740成功的話，ASIF 720會傳送一等效的SIP 200 OK訊 息750給非-IMS UE 710。SIP 200 OK訊息係指示已成功回應要求的訊息。
圖8所示為根據一實施例的會談設定程序(Session Setup Procedure)800。會談設定程序800包括介於非IMS UE 810與ASIF 820之間的HTIP會談設定訊息互動812。IMS會談設定程序(session setup procedure)832是在ASIF 820與IMS核心830之間執行。
圖9所示為根據一實施例的一示範機器(example machine)900的方塊圖，用於提供有效率的寬頻反向槽化(wideband inverse channelization)，以用於直接數位合成器為基的干擾技術，在該實施例可實施在此探討的任何一或更多種技術(例如方法)。在替代的實施例中，機器900可為單機獨立操作，或者是與其他機器連線(例如連網)。在連網的部署環境下，機器900可在主從式網路環境中於伺服器機器以及/或者用戶端機器的容量內操作。在一範例中，機器900在點對點(peer-to-peer,P2P)(或其他分散式)網路環境中可作為對等機器(peer machine)。機器900可為個人電腦(PC)、平板電腦、機上盒(set-top box,STB)、個人數位助理(Personal Digital Assistant,PDA)、行動電話、網路設備(web appliance)、網路路由器、交換器或橋接器，或任何能執行指令(序列或其他的，其指定將由該機器採取的行動)的機器。此外，儘管在此是以單一機器做說明，不過「機器(machine)」一詞應可包括能夠單獨或聯合執行一組 (或多組)指令以執行任何一個或更多個像是雲端運算、軟體即服務(software as a service,SaaS)之上述方法、其他電腦叢集配置等的機器之任意集合。
在此所述的範例可包括，或可在邏輯或數個元件、模組，或機制上執行。模組為有形實體(例如硬體)，能夠執行特定操作，並可以特定方式被組態或配置。在一範例中，電路可(例如在內部或相對於外部實體，如其他電路)以特定方式配置為模組。在一範例中，一或更多個硬體處理器(hardware processor)902或一或更多電腦系統(例如獨立、用戶端或伺服器運算系統)的至少一部分可由韌體或軟體(例如指令、部份的應用程式，或一應用程式)配置為操作以執行特定操作的模組。在一範例中，軟體可能常駐在至少一個機器可讀媒體。在一範例中，軟體在被模組的基礎硬體執行時，會使硬體實施特定的操作。
因此，「模組(module)」一詞應理解為涵蓋一有形實體，為實際建構、特定配置(例如有硬體接線)，或暫時(例如瞬間)配置(例如被程式化)以於特定方式操作或將本文所述任何操作的至少一部份予以執行的一實體。有鑑於模組為暫時性配置的範例，因此不需要就時間性的任何時刻針對模組舉例說明。舉例來說，當模組包含以軟體設置的通用硬體處理器902，通用硬體處理器可在不同時間被設置為不同模組。軟體可因應地將硬體處理器配置為，舉例來說，在某一時刻組成一特殊模組，而在另一時刻組成另一不同的模組。「應用程式(application)」一 詞或變化的字詞已於本文廣泛使用以包括常式(routine)、程式模組、程式、元件，以及其類似者，並可在不同的系統配置上實施，包括單一處理器或多處理器系統、處理器為基的電子裝置、單核心或多核心系統，或上述的組合，或其類似者。因此，應用程式一詞可用以指軟體的實施例，或者是被配置之硬體以執行上述任何操作的至少一部份。
機器(例如電腦系統)900可包括硬體處理器902(例如中央處理單元(CPU)、圖形處理單元(GPU)、硬體處理器核心，或上述的任何組合)、一主記憶體904，以及一靜態記憶體(static memory)906，其中至少有些會經由一互連(例如匯流排)908而彼此通訊。機器900更可包括一顯示單元(display unit)910、一字母與數字輸入裝置(alphanumeric input device)912(例如鍵盤)，以及一使用者介面(UI)導航裝置914(例如滑鼠)。在一範例中，顯示單元910、輸入裝置912，以及UI導航裝置914可為觸控顯示幕。機器900可額外地包括儲存裝置(例如磁碟單元)916、訊號產生裝置918(例如喇叭)、網路介面裝置920，以及一或更多個感測器921，像是全球定位系統(GPS)感測器、羅盤、加速計，或其他感測器。機器900可包括一輸出控制器928，像是一序列(例如通用序列匯流排(USB))、並列，或其他有線或無線(例如紅外線(IR))連線，以便聯絡或控制一或更多個週邊裝置(例如印表機、讀卡機等 等)。
儲存裝置916可包括至少一個機器可讀取媒體922，其上儲存實現或用到在此所述的任一或多項技術或功能之一或更多組資料結構或指令924(例如軟體)。指令924也可常駐於，至少部分地，額外的機器可讀取記憶體，像是主記憶體904、靜態記憶體906，或在機器900執行期間位於硬體處理器902中。在一範例中，硬體處理器902、主記憶體904、靜態記憶體906，或者儲存裝置916的其中之一或任何組合可構成機器可讀取媒體。
儘管是以單一媒體來說明機器可讀取媒體922，但是「機器可讀取媒體(machine readable medium)」一詞可包括被設置以儲存一或更多個指令924的單一媒體或多個媒體(例如集中式或分散式資料庫，以及/或者相關的快取與伺服器)。
「機器可讀取媒體」一詞可包括任何可以儲存、編碼，或者攜帶要被機器900執行的指令的媒體，而此些指令讓機器900得以執行本發明的任何一或更多個技術，或包括任何可儲存、編碼或攜帶此些指令所用或相關的資料結構的媒體。非限制性的機器可讀取媒體範例可包括固態記憶體，以及光學和磁性媒體。機器可讀取媒體的特定範例可包括：非揮發性記憶體，像是半導體記憶裝置(例如電氣可程式化唯讀記憶體(EPROM)、電器可抹除程式化唯讀記憶體(EEPROM))，以及快閃記憶體裝置；磁碟，像是內建硬碟和可移除式硬碟；磁性光碟；以及CD- ROM與DVD-ROM碟片等。
指令924更可透過通訊網路926，其使用傳輸媒體並經由利用數種傳送協定任何一種(例如訊框中繼、網際網路協定(IP)、傳輸控制協定(TCP)、用戶資料元協定(UDP)、超文字傳輸協定(HTTP)等)的網路介面裝置920加以傳送或接收。通訊網路的範例可包括區域網路(LAN)、廣域網路(WAN)、封包資料網路(例如網際網路)、行動電話網路(例如頻道存取方法，其包括碼分部多重存取(Code Division Multiple Access,CDMA)、分時多重存取(Time-division multiple access,TDMA)、分頻多重存取(Frequency-division multiple access,FDMA)，以及正交分頻多重存取(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access,OFDMA)，以及蜂巢式網路像是全球行動通訊系統(GSM)、通用行動電信系統(Universal Mobile Telecommunications System,UMTS)、CDMA 2000 1x*標準以及長期演進技術(Long Term Evolution,LTE))、傳統電話(Plain Old Telephone,POTS)網路，以及無線資料網路(例如電機電子工程師學會(IEEE)802家族標準，包括IEEE 802.11標準(WiFi)、IEEE 802.16標準(WiMax®)，以及其他標準)，點對點(P2P)網路，或其他現在已知或日後開發的協定。
舉例來說，網路介面裝置920可包括一或更多個實體插座(例如乙太網路、同軸，或電話插孔)，或一或更多 連接至通訊網路926的天線。在一範例中，網路介面裝置920可包括複數支使用單輸入多輸出(SIMO)、多輸入多輸出(MIMO)或多輸入單輸出(MISO)其中至少一種技術以無線通訊的天線。「傳輸媒體(transmission medium)」一詞應包括任何可以儲存、編碼，或攜帶由機器900所執行的指令之無形體的媒體，並包括數位或類比通訊信號或其他無形體的媒體，以促進此類軟體的通訊。
上述發明內容及實施方式包括附屬圖表的參考資料，也構成了發明內容及實施方式的一部分。這些圖表以例示方式呈現可施作的特定實施例。這些實施例在此亦稱為「範例」，這些範例可包括沒有在此顯示或說明的元件。然而，也已設想到包括所示或說明元件的範例。此外，也已設想到使用所示或說明元件(或其一或更多的型態)的任何組合或排列方式的範例，不論是關於特定範例(或其一或更多的型態)，或者是針對其他範例(或其一或更多的型態)。
在本說明書中所提到的出版品、專利，以及專利文件係以完整引用方式併入本說明書，不過在引用時是個別併入。在本說明書與其他因引用而併入本文的文件中有用法不一致的地方，所併入的參考文件的用法係輔助本說明書的用法；遇無法調解的不一致處，應以本說明書用法為準。
在此說明書中，常見於專利文件的「一(“a”或 “an”)」的字詞用以包括一或超過一個，獨立於「至少一(at least one)」或「一或更多(one or more)」的用法或使用實例之外。在此文件中，「或(or)」一詞用以指涉非專屬的「或」，像是「A或B(A or B)」包括「A但不是B」、「B但不是A」，以及「A和B」，除另有指明者外。在附錄的申請專利範圍中，「包括(including)」以及「其中(in which)」等詞係作為白話英文中相當於分別是「包含(comprising)」與「其中(wherein)」的說法。同樣地，在下頁申請專利範圍中，「包括(including)」與「包含(comprising)」均為開放式的詞語，也就是說，若系統、裝置、物件、或程序包括沒有在申請專利範圍中此等詞語之後提列的元件，該系統、裝置、物件或程序仍被視為落在申請專利範圍的範疇內。此外，在以下的申請專利範圍中，「第一(first)」、「第二(second)」，以及「第三(third)」等詞只是用來作為標示，而非代表對其物件有數字的前後關係。
上述說明應視為舉例，而非限制本發明。舉例來說，上述範例(或其一或更多的型態)可與其他實施例配合使用。像是熟悉此技藝者在檢視過上述說明後可使用其他的實施例。發明摘要是方便讀者能夠很快了解本技術發明的本質，舉例來說，以求符合美國專利法37 C.F.R.§1.72(b)的規定。在理解下主張：摘要將不會用以詮釋或限制申請專利範圍的範疇或意義。同樣地，在上述發明內容 及實施方式說明中，各種特點可總括在一起以簡化本發明說明。然而，申請專利範圍不一定會提到在此揭示的特點，因為實施例可包括此些特點的子集合。另外，實施例可包括比特定範例中揭示的特點更少的特點。所以，以下的申請專利範圍藉此被納入發明內容及實施方式中，而每一項申請項都是獨立為個別的實施例。本文揭示的實施例範疇應參照附錄的申請專利範圍，還有賦予該等申請專利範圍等效事項權利的完整範疇而定。
202‧‧‧使用者
210‧‧‧WebRTC為基的用戶端/應用程式
212‧‧‧WebRTC功能的瀏覽器
214‧‧‧IMS UE
220‧‧‧網頁伺服器
222‧‧‧IMS伺服器
230‧‧‧網域

Claims (20)

  1. 一種用於網頁為基的即時通訊(WebRTC)用戶端以存取網際網路協定(IP)多媒體子系統(IMS)的系統，該系統包含：使用者設備(UE)，用以對代理伺服器呼叫會談控制功能(P-CSCF)曝露Gm介面以存取IMS。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項的系統，其中該UE係用以存取該P-CSCF用以使用該IMS核心註冊。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第2項的系統，其中該UE係用以透過該P-CSCF之會談啟動協定(SIP)代理伺服器功能發送及接收會談啟動協定(SIP)傳訊封包。
  4. 一種非暫態機器可讀媒體，其包含指令，當在用戶設備(UE)上執行時對於該UE提供網頁為基的即時通訊(WebRTC)以存取網際網路協定(IP)多媒體子系統(IMS)，其係藉由：在Gm介面之上發送註冊訊息到代理伺服器呼叫會談控制功能(P-CSCF)用來以IMS核心註冊該UE；以及當IMS註冊程序成功時，接收請求成功訊息。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第4項的非暫態機器可讀媒體，更包含指令，用以引起該UE進行：發送請求該UE與該IMS核心之間會談的會談設定訊息；以及從該IMS核心接收對該會談設定訊息的回應以用於建立該UE與該IMS核心之間的會談。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項的系統，其中該UE係用來以該IMS核心註冊公共身分。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第1項的系統，其中該Gm介面包括在該UE與該P-CSCF之間的參考點。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第4項的非暫態機器可讀媒體，其中該指令更引起該UE進行：透過該P-CSCF之SIP代理伺服器功能發送及接收會談啟動協定(SIP)傳訊封包。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第4項的非暫態機器可讀媒體，其中該Gm介面包括在該UE與該P-CSCF之間的參考點。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第4項的非暫態機器可讀媒體，其中該指令更引起該UE以該IMS核心註冊公共身分。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第4項的非暫態機器可讀媒體，其中該UE並非組態用於IMS且其中該指令更引起該UE進行：附接至組態用於IMS的IMS UE；以及透過該IMS UE而不是透過在該Gm介面之上的該P-CSCF來對該IMS核心註冊以建立IMS會談。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第4項的非暫態機器可讀媒體，其中該指令更引起該UE提供網頁為基的傳訊給該P-CSCF。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第4項的非暫態機器可讀媒體，其中該網頁為基的傳訊係依據超文字傳輸協定 (HTTP)，且其中該指令更引起該UE從該P-CSCF接收自SIP傳訊轉換的網頁為基的傳訊。
  14. 一種使用者設備(UE)，包括硬體處理電路，該UE用以：在Gm介面之上發送註冊訊息到代理伺服器呼叫會談控制功能(P-CSCF)用來以IMS核心註冊該UE。
  15. 如申請專利範圍第14項的UE，包含：一或多個天線。
  16. 如申請專利範圍第14項的UE，其中該硬體處理電路更用以：透過該P-CSCF之會談啟動協定(SIP)代理伺服器功能發送及接收會談啟動協定(SIP)傳訊封包。
  17. 如申請專利範圍第14項的UE，其中該Gm介面包括在該UE與該P-CSCF之間的參考點。
  18. 如申請專利範圍第14項的UE，其中該UE並非組態用於IMS且其中該硬體處理電路更組態以附接至組態用於IMS的IMS UE及更組態以對該IMS核心註冊以透過該IMS UE而不是透過在該Gm介面之上的該P-CSCF來建立IMS會談。
  19. 如申請專利範圍第14項的UE，其中該硬體處理電路更用以提供網頁為基的傳訊給該P-CSCF。
  20. 如申請專利範圍第19項的UE，其中該網頁為基的傳訊係依據超文字傳輸協定(HTTP)，且其中該硬體處理電路更組態以從該P-CSCF接收自SIP傳訊轉換的網 頁為基的傳訊。
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