CN105052202B - 在动态无线电切换期间用于反馈用户设备性能度量的用户设备和方法 - Google Patents

在动态无线电切换期间用于反馈用户设备性能度量的用户设备和方法 Download PDF

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CN105052202B
CN105052202B CN201480017237.9A CN201480017237A CN105052202B CN 105052202 B CN105052202 B CN 105052202B CN 201480017237 A CN201480017237 A CN 201480017237A CN 105052202 B CN105052202 B CN 105052202B
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wireless device
base station
rat
performance metric
user equipment
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CN105052202A (zh
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叶书苹
纳吉恩·海玛亚特
希尔帕·塔瓦尔
萨莎·希洛金
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Apple Inc
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Intel IP Corp
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Abstract

本文公开了在动态无线电切换期间用于性能度量的用户设备反馈的方法的实施例。该方法可以包括UE接收指示从与通信系统的第一无线电接入技术(RAT)相关联的第一无线电设备切换至与通信系统的第二RAT相关联的第二无线电设备的指示。UE将性能度量发送给第二无线电设备，并且从多个无线电设备中的第一无线电设备切换至多个无线电设备中的第二无线电设备，第一无线电设备与第一RAT相关联，并且第二无线电设备与第二RAT相关联。

Description

在动态无线电切换期间用于反馈用户设备性能度量的用户设 备和方法
相关申请
本申请要求于2013年12月16日递交的美国专利申请序列号14/107,400的优先权权益，该美国专利申请要求于2013年4月26日递交的美国临时专利申请序列号61/816,662的优先权权益，二者中的每一个的全部内容通过应用被合并于此。
技术领域
本文所描述的实施例一般地涉及无线网络。一些实施例一般地涉及无线网络中的用户设备反馈。
背景技术
无线、无线电接入网(RAN)使得移动设备(例如，无线电话、蜂窝电话、用户设备(UE))在该网络内与固定陆地线基础设施(例如，基站、演进的节点B(eNodeB))进行通信。例如，这些无线电接入网可以包括WiFiTM、第三代合作伙伴计划(3GPP)或BluetoothTM。
典型的UE可以配备有多个无线电设备(radio)。虽然由于硬件限制、能量效率考虑以及整个系统性能方面，希望在活动会话期间只在一个无线电设备上活动地进行传送，但是可能还希望以无缝的方式使活动会话在多个无线电接入技术(RAT)之间移动。
存在对于用户设备中的动态无线电切换的一般需要。
发明内容
根据一种实施例，一种用户设备(UE)进行动态无线电设备切换的方法，所述UE具有多个无线电设备，所述方法包括：UE接收指示从与通信系统的第一无线电接入技术(RAT)相关联的第一无线电设备切换至与通信系统的第二RAT相关联的第二无线电设备的指示；UE将UE的性能度量发送给第二无线电设备；以及UE从所述多个无线电设备中的第一无线电设备切换至所述多个无线电设备中的第二无线电设备，第一无线电设备与第一RAT相关联，并且第二无线电设备与第二RAT相关联，其中，在从第一无线电设备向第二无线电设备切换的时候，所述性能度量由UE发送给第二无线电设备。
可选地，UE将性能度量发送给与第二通信技术相关联的基站或接入点中的至少一个包括UE发送以下各项中的一个或多个：吞吐量、用于比例公平调度器的UE时间平均吞吐量、用于流送数据的视频缓冲器大小、和/或体验质量(QoE)度量。
可选地，体验质量度量包括吞吐量、指示可接受的视频观看质量的度量、或指示可接受的互联网协议电话(VoIP)通话的度量。
可选地，UE将性能度量发送给与第二通信技术相关联的基站或接入点中的至少一个包括UE向与第一RAT相关联的第一无线电设备发送性能度量。
可选地，性能度量包括UE正在执行的应用的过去应用性能。
可选地，UE向第二无线电设备发送性能度量包括UE通过被用于触发从第一无线电设备切换至第二无线电设备的指示来发送性能度量。
可选地，UE向第二无线电设备发送性能度量包括UE在会话转移期间发送性能度量。
可选地，性能度量是被通信系统的调度器用来确定如何向不同的UE分配资源的度量的一部分。
可选地，可接受的视频观看质量包括：丢帧少于预定阈值，或抖动低于预定阈值。
可选地，可接受的互联网协议电话通话包括：分组延时短于预定阈值，或没有通话中断。
根据一种实施例，一种用于在多个无线网络中进行操作的用户设备(UE)，所述用户设备包括：网络接口设备，用于与多个基站进行通信，每个基站具有天线，网络接口设备用于接收来自所述多个基站中的第一基站的转移会话指示，其中第一基站与和第一无线电接入技术相关联的无线电设备进行通信，而第二基站与和第二无线电接入技术相关联的无线电设备进行通信；多个无线电设备，每个无线电设备按照不同的无线电接入技术进行操作；以及处理器，所述处理器被耦合到网络接口和所述多个无线电设备，以控制用户设备的操作，并且从所述多个无线电设备中的第一无线电设备动态切换至所述多个无线电设备中的第二无线电设备，所述操作包括确定被发送给所述多个基站的第二基站的UE性能度量，以及在从第一无线电设备向第二无线电设备切换的时候，向第二无线电设备发送UE性能度量。
可选地，所述多个无线电设备中的每一个按照IEEE 802.11、3GPP、4G LTE/LTE-A或WiMAX网络无线电接入技术中的一个进行操作。
附图说明
图1根据用于反馈用户设备性能度量(metric)的方法，示出了用户百分比对数据速率的绘图。
图2根据用于反馈用户设备性能度量的方法，示出了信号流程图的实施例。
图3示出了通信系统的实施例的图。
图4示出了用户设备的实施例的框图。
具体实施方式
下文使用的术语“无线电接入技术(RAT)”可以指代针对特定无线技术的无线电设备。如本领域普通技术人员所知道的，RAT指的是用于基于无线电的通信网络的基础物理连接方法。每个无线电设备可以被配置为支持不同的RAT(例如，WiFiTM、3GPP、BluetoothTM、4G、长期演进(LTE))。WiFiTM可以是IEEE 802.11标准的一部分。
术语“基站”在下文中可以被用于指代可以使用一个或多个特定的无线电技术进行通信的固定收发器装置。例如，基站可以指接入点、eNodeB或小区站点。
用户设备(UE)可以包括多个无线电设备，每个无线电设备与多个RAT中的不同RAT相关联，该多个RAT可以选择各种网络或被“引导”至这些网络。例如，UE RAT可以采用不同无线电接入网(RAT)(例如，WiFiTM、3GPP、BluetoothTM、4G、LTE或其他无线网络)之间的网络选择或流量引导。基于UE中心(UE-centric)技术和网络中心(network centric)技术，若干解决方案可以被用于使用第一无线电技术(例如，3GPP)的一个网络与使用第二无线电技术(例如，无线局域网(WLAN))的第二网络之间的负载均衡。
虽然UE可以配备有多个无线电设备，但是由于硬件限制、能量效率考虑和/或整个系统性能方面，常常仍然希望在一个时间只在一个无线电设备上活动地进行传送。还希望以无缝的方式使给定的活动会话在一个或多个RAT之间移动，使得用户可以观测到的对应用性能的破坏尽可能小。例如，当跨RAT移动实时应用流时或者当跨RAT的信道或干扰环境动态变化时，可能是这样的。跨RAT移动实时应用流的一个示例可以是当UE正在使用WiFi网络中的WiFi RAT时，因为视频流送可能具有切换到LTE以使用LTE RAT来接收视频流的剩余部分的灵活性。
虽然若干架构和移动性协议支持快速会话转移，但是在会话转移时的整个用户应用状态在转移时在新的无线电网络处仍然是不可用的。与应用相关联的状态和度量可由无线电网络用于分配无线电资源，以更好地维持应用服务质量(QoS)。例如，给定RAT的比例公平(proportional-fair)媒体访问控制(MAC)调度器可以基于用户过去的吞吐量来在用户之间做出其调度决策。不能知道用户过去的吞吐量可能降低用户/系统性能，直到系统再次获得稳定的状态。
当UE被允许在不同的无线电设备之间动态切换时，在RAT转换期间可能存在临时性能降低。例如，在两个或更多个无线电网络之间的协作可能不可用，因为网络方面的两个无线电设备可能不位于同一物理设备中，或者回程(backhaul)接口不能支持RAT协调的高信令开销。
这些问题及其他问题可以通过在会话被转移至新的RAT时，由UE向新的RAT反馈其应用状态/性能度量来解决。当使这样的反馈可用于新的无线电网络时，可以得到性能改善。因此，对于UE而言可能重要的是，向新的网络控制器/调度器反馈其过去的应用性能的(一个或多个)过去用户性能指标(例如，吞吐量)，以便协助新RAT的调度器。
用户或应用性能指标可以与被用于触发向新无线电网络的切换的消息一起被反馈。性能指标还可以在被用于触发切换的消息后面在单独的消息中被反馈。在这样的实施例中，会话转移与性能指标的反馈之间的延时应被尽量降低。
过去的性能指标可以是以下度量的一部分：调度器用该度量来确定如何向它的用户(例如，UE)有效且公平地分配资源。因此，通过UE向其新的无线电设备反馈这些性能指标，调度器可以基于更精确的度量来分配资源，从而提高整体性能。
UE还可以针对每个应用反馈某些QoS度量。网络因而能够分配资源以不间断地维持想要的应用QoS。
UE/应用性能度量的示例可以包括：用于比例公平调度器的UE时间平均(time-averaged)吞吐量、用于流送数据的视频缓冲器大小、和/或体验质量(QoE)度量。这些性能度量只是示意目的的。这些实施例不限于任何特定的性能度量。
UE可以向新的RAT反馈其在某一时间窗内测量的过去的时间平均吞吐量(即，调度器的延迟时标)。比例公平调度器旨在优化其用户的总对数(sum log)吞吐量。总对数吞吐量可以是在总数据速率与UE公平之间进行平衡的度量。当执行资源分配时，比例公平调度器可以对“瞬时速率除以平滑吞吐量”这一度量进行比较，并选择具有最大该度量值的UE以供调度。通过提供平滑吞吐量度量，比例公平调度器的整体性能可以被提高，并且网络范围的总对数吞吐量可以被提高，而没有由于会话转移而产生的破坏。
图1示出了用户百分比对数据速率(Mbps)的绘图。该图示出了通过时间平均吞吐量度量的反馈，针对两个不同UE中心的RAT选择规则可以提高整体公平。
基于吞吐量的度量的其他示例可以包括与“接通时间(on-time)”吞吐量有关的测量。接通时间吞吐量可以在分组的延迟期限之前捕获接收分组的概率。该度量可用于具有最大UE数的调度器接收UE的目标接通时间吞吐量。
UE还可以反馈其视频缓冲器大小以用于流送数据。如果UE正在接收来自基站的流送视频，则缓冲器大小可以被反馈到新的无线电设备。当UE只连接到一个无线电设备时，调度器可以基于来自UE的确认消息来对缓冲器大小进行合理的估计。然而，当UE被切换到另外的RAT时，调度器可能不再具有对视频的缓冲器大小的估计。虽然该信息可以通过骨干网在调度器之间进行交换，但是UE反馈可能是更及时的途径，从而保证RAT之间的平稳过渡。
UE还可以向新的RAT反馈QoE度量。QoE度量包括但不限于：吞吐量、指示可接受的视频观看质量(例如，较少丢帧、较低抖动)的度量、或指示可接受的互联网协议电话(VoIP)通话(例如，较短分组延时、没有通话中断)的度量。
图2示出了用于RAT之间的会话转移的信号流程图，其中UE反馈性能度量。UE从与第一RAT相关联的第一基站(BS1)接收指示201，该指示表示UE应该将其会话切换至第二基站(BS2)。UE向第二基站发送消息203以触发该切换。作为该消息的一部分或在可选的单独消息207中，UE将其性能度量发送至第二基站。在该会话切换过程中，UE还将其内部无线电设备从与第一基站相关联的RAT切换至与第二基站相关联的RAT。
作为操作的示例，第一基站可以是3GPP eNodeB，第二基站可以是WiFi接入点。UE可能正在运行会话，其中其正在从第一基站流送视频。随着UE从第一基站移走，并且更靠近第二基站，第一基站指示UE进行切换。UE确定第二基站是最接近的基站，并且将其会话切换至第二基站，从而迫使从3GPP RAT切换至WiFi RAT。
在动态RAT切换期间的性能度量的UE反馈可以改善多RAT网络中的RAT切换。UE反馈应用性能的指标/度量以克服不协调的RAT的调度器之间的信息交换的缺失。性能指标可以向新的调度器提供有用的信息以提高比例公平吞吐量以及跨应用的QoE性能。通过给RAT选择决定汇总性能指标反馈，可以直接使用该信息，并降低对性能的损害。
图3示出了多基站环境中包括UE的无线通信系统的实施例的图。所示出的通信系统包括多个天线302、303，以与UE 301通信。
天线302、303可以是eNodeB和/或基站，以在蜂窝环境中进行通信。天线302、303还可以是接入点(AP)，以在WiFi环境中进行通信。例如，第一天线302可以是具有基站的eNodeB，以使UE 301能够在3GPP环境中进行通信，而第二天线302可以是接入点，以使UE301能够在WiFi环境中进行通信。
用于UE反馈性能度量的方法可以被用于该通信系统中，以使其能够在3GPP环境与WiFi环境之间进行无缝切换。在该情境中，UE 301可能正在通过流送视频来执行与3GPP天线302相接口的应用。随着UE 301从3GPP天线302移走并进入WiFi AP 303的范围内，在切换至UE 301从使用其3GPP RAT切换至其WiFi RAT之前，UE将其性能度量发送给WiFi AP303RAT。这将UE 301从与3GPP eNodeB 302通信切换至WiFi接入点303。该切换可以使用图2所示的信令方法来实现。
因此，UE 301可以从与通信系统的第一RAT相关联的第一无线电设备切换至与通信系统的第二RAT相关联的第二无线电设备。每个RAT可以与不同的网络或通信系统相关联。例如第一天线302可以是第一网络或通信系统的一部分，第二天线303可以是第二网络或通信系统的一部分。
在以上实施例中，用户性能度量可以被反馈回基站/接入点(BS/AP)，以帮助做出调度决策。用户性能度量可以在UE内的RAT之间进行交换，然后UE可以通过新的UE RAT将该信息反馈回其BS/AP。此外，用户性能度量可以通过旧的RAT进行反馈，并且通过骨干网在BS/AP之间进行交换，或者如果这两个RAT位于同一AP内，则在不同的RAT的调度器之间进行交换。
图4是根据示例实施例，以示例的形式示出了用户设备400的机器的框图，在用户设备400内，一组或一系列指令可以被执行以使得机器执行本文所讨论的方法中的任意一个。在替换实施例中，机器作为单独的设备操作，或者可以被连接(例如，联网)至其他机器。在联网部署中，机器可以在服务器-客户端网络环境中或是以服务器或是以客户端的功能进行操作，或者其可以在对等(或分布式)网络环境中作为对等机器进行操作。机器可以是移动通信设备(例如，蜂窝电话)、计算机、个人计算机(PC)、平板PC、混合平板、个人数字助手(PDA)或能够(顺序地或以其他方式)执行指令的任意机器，该指令指定要被该机器采取的动作。此外，虽然只示出了单个机器，但是术语“机器”还应被认为包括由处理器(例如，计算机)控制或操作任意一组一个或多个机器，以单独或共同执行指令从而执行本文所讨论的任意一个或多个方法。
示例用户设备400包括至少一个处理器402(例如，中央处理单元(CPU)、图形处理单元(GPU)或二者都有、处理器核、计算节点等)，主存储器404以及静态存储器406，其通过链路408(例如，总线)彼此通信。用户设备400还可以包括视频显示单元410和字母数字输入设备412(例如，键盘)。在一个实施例中，视频显示单元410和输入设备412被合并到触摸屏显示器中。用户设备400还可以包括存储设备416(例如，驱动单元)、信号生成设备418(例如，扬声器)、网络接口设备420以及一个或多个传感器(未示出)。
存储设备416包括机器可读介质422，在机器可读介质422上存储有一组或多组数据结构和指令424(例如，软件)，该数据结构和指令实现本文所描述的任意一个或多个方法或功能，或被本文所描述的任意一个或多个方法或功能所使用。指令424还可以完全或至少部分地驻留于主存储器404、静态存储器406内，和/或在由用户设备400对其进行执行期间驻留于处理器402内，其中主存储器404、静态存储器406和处理器402还构成机器可读介质。
虽然机器可读介质422在示例实施例中被示为单个介质，但是术语“机器可读介质”可以包括存储一个或多个指令424的单个介质或多个介质(例如，集中式或分布式数据库和/或相关联的缓存和服务器)。术语“机器可读介质”还应被认为包括能够存储、编码或承载供机器执行并且使得机器执行本公开的任意一个或多个方法的指令的任意有形介质，或者能够存储、编码或承载被这些指令使用或与这些指令相关联的数据结构的任意有形介质。因此，术语“机器可读介质”应被认为包括但不限于：固态存储器以及光和磁介质。机器可读介质的具体示例包括非易失性存储器，包括但不限于：例如，半导体存储器设备(例如，电可编程只读存储器(EPROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)和闪存设备)，磁盘(例如，内部硬盘和可移除盘)，磁光盘以及CD-ROM和DVD-ROM盘。
指令424还可以通过通信网络426、使用传输介质、经由利用多个熟知的传输协议(例如，HTTP)中的任意一个的网络接口设备420来发送或接收。通信网络的示例包括：局域网(LAN)、广域网(WAN)、无线局域网(WLAN)、互联网、移动电话网络、普通老式电话(POTS)网络以及无线数据网(例如，WiFiTM(IEEE 802.11)、3GPP、4G LTE/LTE-A或WiMAX网络)。术语“传输介质”应被认为包括能够存储、编码或承载供机器执行的指令的任意无形介质，并且包括数字或模拟通信信号或其他无形介质，以协助该软件的通信。网络接口设备可以包括一个或多个天线，以与无线网络通信。

Claims (11)

1.一种用户设备UE进行动态无线电设备切换的方法，所述UE具有多个无线电设备，所述方法包括：
所述UE接收指示从所述多个无线电设备中的第一无线电设备切换至所述多个无线电设备中的第二无线电设备的指示，所述第一无线电设备与通信系统的第一无线电接入技术RAT相关联，所述第二无线电设备与所述通信系统的第二RAT相关联；以及
所述UE从所述第一无线电设备切换至所述第二无线电设备，
其中，在从所述第一无线电设备向所述第二无线电设备切换的时候，所述UE的性能度量由所述UE发送给与所述第二RAT相关联的基站或接入点中的至少一个，所述性能度量包括所述UE正在执行的应用的过去应用性能。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述UE将所述性能度量发送给与所述第二RAT相关联的基站或接入点中的至少一个包括所述UE发送以下各项中的一个或多个：吞吐量、用于比例公平调度器的UE时间平均吞吐量、用于流送数据的视频缓冲器大小、和/或体验质量度量。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，其中所述体验质量度量包括吞吐量、指示可接受的视频观看质量的度量、或指示可接受的互联网协议电话通话的度量。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述UE将所述性能度量发送给与所述第二RAT相关联的基站或接入点中的至少一个包括：所述UE向所述第一无线电设备或所述第二无线电设备发送所述性能度量。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述UE发送所述性能度量包括：所述UE通过被用于触发从所述第一无线电设备切换至所述第二无线电设备的指示来发送所述性能度量。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述UE发送所述性能度量包括：所述UE在会话转移期间发送所述性能度量。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述性能度量是被所述通信系统的调度器用来确定如何向不同的UE分配资源的度量的一部分。
8.如权利要求3所述的方法，其中，所述可接受的视频观看质量包括：丢帧少于预定阈值，或抖动低于预定阈值。
9.如权利要求3所述的方法，其中，所述可接受的互联网协议电话通话包括：分组延时短于预定阈值，或没有通话中断。
10.一种用于在多个无线网络中进行操作的用户设备UE，所述用户设备包括：
多个无线电设备，包括按照第一无线电接入技术进行操作的第一无线电设备以及按照不同于所述第一无线电接入技术的第二无线电接入技术进行操作的第二无线电设备；
网络接口设备，用于与多个基站进行通信，每个基站具有天线，所述网络接口设备用于接收来自所述多个基站中的第一基站的、向所述多个基站中的第二基站转移的转移会话指示，其中所述第一基站与所述第一无线电设备进行通信，而所述第二基站与所述第二无线电设备进行通信；以及
处理器，所述处理器被耦合到所述网络接口设备和所述多个无线电设备，以控制所述用户设备的操作，并且从所述第一无线电设备动态切换至所述第二无线电设备，所述操作包括确定被发送给所述第二基站的UE性能度量，以及在从所述第一无线电设备向所述第二无线电设备切换的时候，向所述第二基站发送所述UE性能度量，所述UE性能度量包括所述UE正在执行的应用的过去应用性能。
11.如权利要求10所述的用户设备，其中所述多个无线电设备中的每一个按照IEEE802.11、3GPP、4G LTE/LTE-A或WiMAX网络无线电接入技术中的一个进行操作。
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